cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parallel on-chip gene synthesis and application to optimization of protein expression

Low-cost, high-throughput gene synthesis and precise control of protein expression are of critical importance to synthetic biology and biotechnology. Here we describe the development of an on-chip gene synthesis technology, which integrates on a single microchip the synthesis of DNA oligonucleotides using inkjet printing, isothermal oligonucleotide amplification and parallel gene assembly. Use of a mismatch-specific endonuclease for error correction results in an error rate of ~0.19 errors per kb. We applied this approach to synthesize pools of thousands of codon-usage variants of lacZα and 74 challenging Drosophila protein antigens, which were then screened for expression in Escherichia coli. In one round of synthesis and screening, we obtained DNA sequences that were expressed at a wide range of levels, from zero to almost 60% of the total cell protein mass. This technology may facilitate systematic investigation of the molecular mechanisms of protein translation and the design, construction and evolution of macromolecular machines, metabolic networks and synthetic cells.
Real-Time Simultaneous Estimation and Decomposition ofRandom Signals

In this paper, an efficient algorithm is derived for multiresolutional estimation and decomposition of noisy random signals. This algorithm performs in real-time the estimation and decomposition simultaneously, using the discrete wavelet transform implemented by a filter bank. Although the algorithm is developed based on the standard Kalman filtering scheme, the nature of blockwise filtering results in a smoothing-equivalent effect. However, the interpolated filtering produces decomposed estimate output in real-time.
Development of an Off-the-Shelf Bus for Small Satellites

KySat1 is a 1 kilogram picoclass satellite being developed by college students across the state of Kentucky. To the best of our knowledge, the KySat effort is the first by a state to develop a satellite. The consortium assembled to fund and develop KySat includes public, private and educational partners throughout Kentucky. While the primary mission of KySat1 is educational outreach, the goals of the KySat program include (1) Educational experience for secondary and post secondary students (2) Cultivate an aerospace and satellite technology base in Kentucky (3) Develop a reliable reusable satellite bus that will form the basis for future education and commercial KySat missions. The timeline for KySat1 is aggressive and off-the-shelf technology is leveraged whenever possible. This paper overviews the KySat1 design and development.
Understanding cancer treatment and outcomes: the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium.

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has funded the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance (CanCORS) Consortium as the centerpiece of the NCI's ongoing initiative to improve cancer care. This commentary provides an introduction to the goals and methods of the CanCORS Consortium to the broader community of cancer researchers and clinicians, many of whom are caring for patients participating in this study.
Inter-patient distance metrics using SNOMED CT defining relationships

Background: Patient-based similarity metrics are important case-based reasoning tools which may assist with research and patient care applications. Ontology and information content principles may be potentially helpful tools for similarity metric development. Methods: Patient cases from 1989 through 2003 from the Columbia University Medical Center data repository were converted to SNOMED CT concepts. Five metrics were implemented: (1) percent disagreement with data as an unstructured ''bag of findings,'' (2) average links between concepts, (3) links weighted by information content with descendants, (4) links weighted by information content with term prevalence, and (5) path distance using descendants weighted by information content with descendants. Three physicians served as gold standard for 30 cases. Results: Expert inter-rater reliability was 0.91, with rank correlations between 0.61 and 0.81, representing upper-bound performance. Expert performance compared to metrics resulted in correlations of 0.27, 0.29, 0.30, 0.30, and 0.30, respectively. Using SNOMED axis Clinical Findings alone increased correlation to 0.37. Conclusion: Ontology principles and information content provide useful information for similarity metrics but currently fall short of expert performance.
Safety effects of exclusive and concurrent signal phasing for pedestrian crossing

This paper describes the estimation of pedestrian crash count and vehicle interaction severity prediction models for a sample of signalized intersections in Connecticut with either concurrent or exclusive pedestrian phasing. With concurrent phasing, pedestrians cross at the same time as motor vehicle traffic in the same direction receives a green phase, while with exclusive phasing, pedestrians cross during their own phase when all motor vehicle traffic on all approaches is stopped. Pedestrians crossing at each intersection were observed and classified according to the severity of interactions with motor vehicles. Observation intersections were selected to represent both types of signal phasing while controlling for other physical characteristics. In the nonlinear mixed models for interaction severity, pedestrians crossing on the walk signal at an exclusive signal experienced lower interaction severity compared to those crossing on the green light with concurrent phasing; however, pedestrians crossing on a green light where an exclusive phase was available experienced higher interaction severity. Intersections with concurrent phasing have fewer total pedestrian crashes than those with exclusive phasing but more crashes at higher severity levels. It is recommended that exclusive pedestrian phasing only be used at locations where pedestrians are more likely to comply.
Stage specific guidelines for surveillance after radical nephrectomy for local renal cell carcinoma

AbstractPurpose: We report stage specific followup guidelines based on our evaluation of the pattern of recurrence in 286 patients treated for local N0 or Nx renal cell carcinoma.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 286 patients with pT1 to pT3N0 or Nx renal cell carcinoma who underwent nephrectomy at our center between February 1985 and December 1994. In cases of later metastases the median interval to first metastasis, site of metastasis and method of diagnosis were correlated with the primary lesion stage.Results: Metastases developed in 68 patients a median of 23 months after nephrectomy. Eight of the 113 patients with pT1 disease had metastases (median time to diagnosis 38 months), while 17 of 64 with pT2 disease and 43 of 109 with pT3 disease had metastases (medians 32 and 17 months, respectively). Of the 92 metastases 59 (64%) were asymptomatic, including 44 detected on routine chest x-rays (32) and blood tests (12). Isolated asymptomatic intra-abdominal metast...
Laminar Burning Velocity of Synthetic Gas Premixed Flames Near Extinction Conditions

Synthetic gas premixed flames have received considerable attention in the past. Recent interest in lean premixed combustion requires the fundamental combustion properties at fuel-lean conditions. This paper presents an experimental study on the laminar burning velocity of synthetic gas premixed flames at close to extinction conditions. CH4-H2 and CO-H2 fuel blends at different mixture compositions simulating coal-derived synthetic gases were investigated. A water-cooled nitrogen-stabilized flat flame burner with a diameter of 6 cm was employed for this purpose. The planar laser induced fluorescence technique was employed to precisely measure the flame width. Hydroxyl radical (OH) concentration was used as the marker of reaction field. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used in conjunction with an optical parametric oscillator to generate a vertical laser sheet at a wavelength of 283.5 nm. An intensified CCD camera was used to capture the fluorescence signals from OH radicals. For each fuel blend mixture composition, the lean blowout condition was first determined. All measurements were then taken at this condition. For CH4-H2 fuel blends, the burning velocity near extinction varied between 6.88 cm/s and 10.13 cm/s. Burning velocities of CO-H2 fuel blends near extinction varied between 4.36 cm/s and 6.27 cm/s.
Hemadsorption focus assay for growth of influenza and parainfluenza viruses in human dermal fibroblasts.

An assay for virus-induced hemadsorption foci in cultures of human dermal fibroblasts is described. The assay allows determination of activity of species-specific as well as nonspecific antiviral agents or biological factors, such as interferons. The assay may be used for abortive (e.g., influenza virus) and productive (e.g., parainfluenza virus) infections of human fibroblasts.
A Free-Knot Spline Modeling Framework for Piecewise Linear Logistic Regression in Complex Samples with Body Mass Index and Mortality as an Example

This paper details the design, evaluation, and implementation of a framework for detecting and modeling nonlinearity between a binary outcome and a continuous predictor variable adjusted for covariates in complex samples. The framework provides familiar-looking parameterizations of output in terms of linear slope coefficients and odds ratios. Estimation methods focus on maximum likelihood optimization of piecewise linear free-knot splines formulated as B-splines. Correctly specifying the optimal number and positions of the knots improves the model, but is marked by computational intensity and numerical instability. Our inference methods utilize both parametric and nonparametric bootstrapping. Unlike other nonlinear modeling packages, this framework is designed to incorporate multistage survey sample designs common to nationally representative datasets. We illustrate the approach and evaluate its performance in specifying the correct number of knots under various conditions with an example using body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and the complex multi-stage sampling design from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to simulate binary mortality outcomes data having realistic nonlinear sample-weighted risk associations with BMI. BMI and mortality data provide a particularly apt example and area of application since BMI is commonly recorded in large health surveys with complex designs, often categorized for modeling, and nonlinearly related to mortality. When complex sample design considerations were ignored, our method was generally similar to or more accurate than two common model selection procedures, Schwarz’s Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC), in terms of correctly selecting the correct number of knots. Our approach provided accurate knot selections when complex sampling weights were incorporated, while AIC and BIC were not effective under these conditions.
Integrin function: molecular hierarchies of cytoskeletal and signaling molecules.

Integrin receptors play important roles in organizing the actin-containing cytoskeleton and in signal transduction from the extracellular matrix. The initial steps in integrin function can be analyzed experimentally using beads coated with ligands or anti-integrin antibodies to trigger rapid focal transmembrane responses. A hierarchy of transmembrane actions was identified in this study. Simple integrin aggregation triggered localized transmembrane accumulation of 20 signal transduction molecules, including RhoA, Rac1, Ras, Raf, MEK, ERK, and JNK. In contrast, out of eight cytoskeletal molecules tested, only tensin coaccumulated. Integrin aggregation alone was also sufficient to induce rapid activation of the JNK pathway, with kinetics of activation different from those of ERK. The tyrosine kinase inhibitors herbimycin A or genistein blocked both the accumulation of 19 out of 20 signal transduction molecules and JNK- and ERK-mediated signaling. Cytochalasin D had identical effects, whereas three other tyrosine kinase inhibitors did not. The sole exception among signaling molecules was the kinase pp125FAK which continued to coaggregate with alpha 5 beta 1 integrins even in the presence of these inhibitors. Tyrosine kinase inhibition also failed to block the ability of ligand occupancy plus integrin aggregation to trigger transmembrane accumulation of the three cytoskeletal molecules talin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin; these molecules accumulated even in the presence of cytochalasin D. However, it was necessary to fulfill all four conditions, i.e., integrin aggregation, integrin occupancy, tyrosine kinase activity, and actin cytoskeletal integrity, to achieve integrin-mediated focal accumulation of other cytoskeletal molecules including F-actin and paxillin. Integrins therefore mediate a transmembrane hierarchy of molecular responses.
Hippocampal volumes and neuron numbers increase along a gradient of environmental harshness: a large-scale comparison.

Environmental conditions may provide specific demands for memory, which in turn may affect specific brain regions responsible for memory function. For food-caching animals, in particular, spatial m...
Control of Time-Varying Lateral Tape Motion in a Linear-Tape-Open Drive via Adaptive Regulation

This extended abstract summarizes a methodology along with the experimental results to adaptively reduce time-varying lateral tape motion (LTM) in a Linear Tape-Open (LTO) drive. For the adaptive regulation, the LTO actuator dynamics is modeled with a Linear Time Invariant (LTI) model and control of time-varying LTM disturbances is done via an adaptable linear feedback controller. Adaptive regulation is done via the direct estimation of a perturbation on the feedback controller. By simultaneously minimizing the variance of the Position Error Signal (PES) and the control output signal, the direct estimation of the controller perturbation is formulated as a weighted estimation problem that is implemented recursively for real-time implementation. The experimental results show a significant reduction of the variance of the PES over different tape cartridges and a constant PES variance during a complete reel-in/out operation of the tape drive.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Satellite remote sensing as a tool for spatial evapotranspiration estimation in vegetated areas

Hasager, Charlotte Bay: Satellite remote sensing as a tool for spatial evapotranspiration estimation in vegetated areas. Geografisk Tidsskrift 93:56–62. Copenhagen 1993. The present paper outlines and tests a method for satellite mapping of evapotranspiration based on the canopy resistance theory. The dataset used for the analysis was obtained during a field campaign conducted in an agricultural region east of Viborg, Jutland, April to August 1990. Scale between low-resolution NOAA satellite images and ground truth values were tested with a single high-resolution Landsat satellite image. The results are found to be in accordance with field observations. In accordance with canopy resistance theory, a simple empirical algorithm was found effective for evapotranspiration estimation using satellite data. This approach also produced better defined differences between fields than a model based on net radiation, air temperature, and satellite-derived surface temperature.
Increasing Peritoneal Contact Area During Dialysis Improves Mass Transfer

Previous studies in mice demonstrated that relatively large volumes in the peritoneal cavity made contact with only 40% of the anatomic peritoneum and that this contact area (Acontact) could be increased with use of a surfactant, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS). To investigate the hypothesis that mass transfer rates during peritoneal dialysis are dependent on the area of peritoneum in contact with the dialysis solution, rats were dialyzed for 2 h with a solution that contained 14 C-mannitol, with or without 0.02% DSS. The mass transfer- area coefficients (MTAC) were determined to be (mean SEM, ml/min): no DSS, 0.163 0.008; with DSS, 0.247 0.006 (P 0.002). DSS also caused an increase in total protein loss over 2 h (mean SEM, mg): no DSS, 83.8 15.8; DSS, 159.5 6.3 (P 0.001). In a separate set of animals, the ratio (R) of Acontact to anatomic area in each plane was measured as in the previous study Rmean (mean SEM) and equaled 0.466 0.075, no DSS; 0.837 0.074, with DSS. The ratio of MTAC (1.52) and protein loss (1.90) approximate the ratio of Rmeans (1.78). Because MTAC mass transfer coefficient (MTC) Acontact, small peritoneal transport chambers were used to determine MTC for 14 C-mannitol and fluorescein iso- thiocyanate-albumin. MTCmannitol did not change significantly with the addition of DSS. MTCalnbumin (cm/min 10 4 , mean SEM) equaled 1.47 0.45 without DSS and 1.78 0.52 with DSS (P 0.04). It was concluded that DSS increases the mass transfer rates of mannitol and protein by increasing Acontact, whereas protein transport is further augmented by an apparent increase in the barrier permeability to protein.
Determination of Methaqualone and Its Major Metabolite in Plasma and Saliva After Single Oral Doses

A gas liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of methaqualone and metabolite l (2-methyl-3(2-hydroxymethylphenyl)-4-(4H)-quinazoline) in plasma and saliva is described. The method requires 1.0 mL of sample and involves internal standard addition, extraction with butyl chloride, chromatography on a 1% SP-1,000 column packing using nitrogen phosphorous detectors. Within-run and day-to-day coefficient variations were less than 8% and the procedure has a sensitivity limit of 20 ng/mL. The method has been used to monitor both parent drug and metabolite in plasma and samples collected after a single oral dose.
Limitations in the Use of Indices Using Glucose and Insulin Levels to Predict Insulin Sensitivity: Impact of Race and Gender and Superiority of the Indices Derived From Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in African Americans

OBJECTIVE To examine the utility of commonly used insulin sensitivity indices in nondiabetic European Americans (EAs) and African Americans (AAs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two-hundred forty nondiabetic participants were studied. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was the gold standard approach to assess glucose disposal rates (GDR) normalized by lean body mass. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated from fasting plasma glucose and insulin (FIL). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to determine Matsuda index, the simple index assessing insulin sensitivity (SI is OGTT), Avignon index, and Stomvoll index. Relationships among these indices with GDR were analyzed by multiple regression. RESULTS GDR values were similar in EA and AA subgroups; even so, AA exhibited higher FIL and were insulin-resistant compared with EA, as assessed by HOMA-IR, QUICKI, Matsuda index, SI is OGTT, Avignon index, and Stumvoll index. In the overall study population, GDR was significantly correlated with all studied insulin sensitivity indices (/ r / = 0.381–0.513); however, these indices were not superior to FIL in predicting GDR. Race and gender affected the strength of this relationship. In AA males, FIL and HOMA-IR were not correlated with GDR. In contrast, Matsuda index and SI is OGTT were significantly correlated with GDR in AA males, and Matsuda index was superior to HOMA-IR and QUICKI in AAs overall. CONCLUSIONS Insulin sensitivity indices based on glucose and insulin levels should be used cautiously as measures of peripheral insulin sensitivity when comparing mixed gender and mixed race populations. Matsuda index and SI is OGTT are reliable in studies that include AA males.
Effect of Temperature on the Formation of Creep Substructure in Sodium Chloride Single Crystals

The effect of temperature on the substructure morphology and the cell and subgrain size was investigated experimentally in NaCl single crystals under creep in the temperature range 573-873 K. It is found that the effect of temperature on the cell and subgrain sizes is weak in comparison with the effect of stress. However, there was a qualitative change in the substructure morphology with temperature, with the cells and subgrains better defined at higher temperatures. The volume fraction of the cell boundaries decreased with increasing temperature, thereby indicating a refinement of the microstructure at higher temperatures.
Peptide Microarray Analysis of Substrate Specificity of the Transmembrane Ser/Thr Kinase KPI-2 Reveals Reactivity with Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator and Phosphorylase

Human lemur (Lmr) kinases are predicted to be Tyr kinases based on sequences and are related to neurotrophin receptor Trk kinases. This study used homogeneous recombinant KPI-2 (Lmr2, LMTK2, Cprk, brain-enriched protein kinase) kinase domain and a library of 1,154 peptides on a microarray to analyze substrate specificity. We found that KPI-2 is strictly a Ser/Thr kinase that reacts with Ser either preceded by or followed by Pro residues but unlike other Pro-directed kinases does not strictly require an adjacent Pro residue. The most reactive peptide in the library corresponds to Ser-737 of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, and the recombinant R domain of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator was a preferred substrate. Furthermore the KPI-2 kinase phosphorylated peptides corresponding to the single site in phosphorylase and purified phosphorylase b, making this only the second known phosphorylase b kinase. Phosphorylase was used as a specific substrate to show that KPI-2 is inhibited in living cells by addition of nerve growth factor or serum. The results demonstrate the utility of the peptide library to probe specificity and discover kinase substrates and offer a specific assay that reveals hormonal regulation of the activity of this unusual transmembrane kinase.
Sk8ting the Sinking City

Hot, humid, cracking, and sinking, the Crescent City seems unlikely for skateboarding. Frequently referenced for being 'up to no good,' unsupervised adolescents seem an unusual candidate to create opportunities for environmental justice. The paper examines how settings afford prosocial behaviours amongst skateboarding adolescents. Young people have a unique capacity to improve settings for play. Using evidence collected from site observation and YouTube videos, sk8ters reveal that supportive places can arise from blight and vacancy. The research has broader implications for sustainability and environmental justice professionals working with vulnerable populations to transform degraded spaces into beneficial places.
Revisiting L.A. Law

In this essay, Meyer reviews the pilot episode of the television show L.A. Law twenty years after its initial release. In doing so, Meyer explores what made the program compelling and gave it “its popular cultural stickiness.” To do this, Meyer summaries and then compares and contrasts sub-plots: a linear plot-driven melodrama and a character-based black comedy. Of the two plot lines, Meyer explores why the black comedy is still interesting and engaging today.
Lipid Screening in Children

Screening for lipid disorders in childhood and adolescence has been controversial. Although it is well documented that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the number 1 cause of death in the United States and that elevated cholesterol, particularly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),
Racial composition over the life course: Examining separate and unequal environments and the risk for heart disease for African American men

Purpose: Studies have demonstrated the effects of segregated social and physi­cal environments on the development of chronic diseases for African Americans. Studies have not delineated the effects of segregated environments specifically on the health of African American men over their lifetime. This study examines the relation­ship between life course measures of racial composition of social environments and diagnosis of hypertension among African American men. Design: We analyzed cross-sectional data from a convenience sample of African American men seeking health care services in an outpatient primary care clinic serving a medically underserved patient population ( N =118). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between racial composition of multiple environments across the life course (eg, junior high school, high school, neighbor­hood growing up, current neighborhood, place of employment, place of worship) and hypertension diagnosis. Results: The majority (86%) of participants were not currently in the workforce (retired, unemployed, or disabled) and more than half (54%) reported an annual household income of <$9,999; median age was 53. Results suggest that African American men who grew up in mostly Black neighbor­hoods (OR=4.3; P =.008), and worked in mostly Black environments (OR=3.1; P =.041) were more likely to be diagnosed with hypertension than those who did not. Conclusion: We found associations between mostly Black residential and work­place settings and hypertension diagnoses among African American men. Findings sug­gest exposure to segregated environments during childhood and later adulthood may impact hypertension risk among African American men over the life course. Ethn Dis . 2015;25(3):295-304.
Can Homojunction Tunnel FETs Scale Below 10 nm

The main promise of tunnel FETs (TFETs) is to enable supply voltage ( $V_{\mathrm{ DD}}$ ) scaling in conjunction with dimension scaling of transistors to reduce power consumption. However, reducing $V_{\mathrm{ DD}}$ and channel length ( $L_{\mathrm{ ch}}$ ) typically deteriorates the ON- and OFF-state performance of TFETs, respectively. Accordingly, there is not yet any report of a high-performance TFET with both low $V_{\mathrm{ DD}}$ ( $\sim 0.2$ V) and small $L_{\mathrm{ ch}}$ ( $\sim 6$ nm). In this letter, it is shown that scaling TFETs in general requires scaling down the bandgap $E_{g}$ and scaling up the effective mass $m^{*}$ for high performance. Quantitatively, a channel material with an optimized bandgap ( $E_{g}\sim 1.2qV_{\mathrm{ DD}}$ [eV]) and an engineered effective mass ( $m^{*^{-1}}\sim 40 V_{\mathrm{ DD}}^{2.5} [{\mathrm{ m}}_{0}^{-1}]$ ) makes both $V_{\mathrm{ DD}}$ and $L_{\mathrm{ ch}}$ scaling feasible with the scaling rule of $L_{\mathrm{ ch}}/V_{\mathrm{ DD}}=30$ nm/V for $L_{\mathrm{ ch}}$ from 15 to 6 nm and the corresponding $V_{\mathrm{ DD}}$ from 0.5 to 0.2 V.
Characterization of basin concrete in support of structural integrity demonstration for extended storage

Concrete core samples from C basin were characterized through material testing and analysis to verify the design inputs for structural analysis of the L Basin and to evaluate the type and extent of changes in the material condition of the concrete under extended service for fuel storage. To avoid the impact on operations, core samples were not collected from L area, but rather, several concrete core samples were taken from the C Basin prior to its closure. C basin was selected due to its similar environmental exposure and service history compared to L Basin. The microstructure and chemical composition of the concrete exposed to the water was profiled from the water surface into the wall to evaluate the impact and extent of exposure. No significant leaching of concrete components was observed. Ingress of carbonation or deleterious species was determined to be insignificant. No evidence of alkali-silica reactions (ASR) was observed. Ettringite was observed to form throughout the structure (in air voids or pores); however, the sulfur content was measured to be consistent with the initial concrete that was used to construct the facility. Similar ettringite trends were observed in the interior segments of the core samples. The compressive strength ofmore » the concrete at the mid-wall of the basin was measured, and similar microstructural analysis was conducted on these materials post compression testing. The microstructure was determined to be similar to near-surface segments of the core samples. The average strength was 4148 psi, which is well-above the design strength of 2500 psi. The analyses showed that phase alterations and minor cracking in a microstructure did not affect the design specification for the concrete.« less
Singing the 'Right-to-Work Blues': The Politics of Race in the Campaign for 'Voluntary Unionism' in Post-War California

This article tells the story of the failed attempt to pass a right-to-work proposition in California in 1958. In particular, it shows how right-to-work activists attempted to persuade African Americans to vote in favor of the proposition by portraying it as a fair employment practices measure. Because many California labor unions engaged in discriminatory practices, anti-union forces within the state thought they could tap into the hostility that many African Americans felt towards the labor movement. This strategy was unsuccessful. African Americans voted against the right-to-work proposition in overwhelming numbers. Nevertheless, the campaign exacerbated tensions in the tenuous political alliance between labor and the African American community. In the years that followed the proposition’s defeat, these tensions would undermine the political power of the labor movement, the African American community, and the Democratic Party.
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants? Exploring Consensus on the Validity Status of Mintzberg’s Configuration Theory After a Negative Test:

This article explores the degree of consensus on the validity status of Mintzberg’s configuration theory following a test in which the theory was refuted. The 218 articles that have cited the award...
Exercise Enhances Survival Rate in Mice Infected with Salmonella typhimurium

Mice voluntarily trained on exercise wheels for 16-18 days and were then infected with an approximate LD50 dose of Salmonella typhimurium. These trained mice exhibited a small, but statistically significant (P = 0.037) increase in survival rate (34/77) compared to sedentary control mice (23/79) after 7 days.
Abstract ADV16: Working together to advance research, support patients and create hope.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC The Pancreatic cancer Action Network (PanCan) is a nationwide network of people dedicated to working together to advance research, support patients and create hope for those affected by pancreatic cancer. Our comprehensive approach included: 1) funding research, 2) demanding more aggressive federal research funding, 3) providing patients and caregivers with reliable information to make informed decisions with their healthcare teams, and 4) helping individuals and communities work together to raise awareness and fund for pancreatic cancer. We have over 500 mostly volunteer team members working in 70 affiliate locations around the country. We have more than 4000,000 constituents. We support the development of a comprehensive pancreatic cancer research community. We recruit, develop and retain the most adept investigators. We provide resources and tools and foster collaborations to advance scientific progress. Citation Format: Scott Nelson. Working together to advance research, support patients and create hope. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr ADV16. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-ADV16
Interoperability of WLAN Equipment and Wi-Fi Certification

This paper describes the importance of the Interoperability between the wireless local area network (WLAN) Equipment, then derives how Wi-Fi Alliance solves the compatibility of different types of WLAN equipment through Wi-Fi certification, furthermore introduces procedure, methodology and projects for Wi-Fi testing.
Mobility versus terrain: a game theoretic approach

Mobility and terrain are two sides of the same coin. You cannot describe mobility unless you describe the terrain. For example, if my world is trench warfare, the tank may be the ideal vehicle. If my world is urban warfare, clearing buildings and such, the tank may not be an ideal vehicle, perhaps an anthropomorphic robot would be better. We seek a general framework for mobility that captures the relative value of different mobility strategies. Game theory is positively the right way to analyze the interactions of rational players who behave strategically. In this paper, we will describe the interactions between a mobility player, who is trying to make it from point A to point B with one chance to refuel, and a terrain player who is trying to minimize that probability by placing an obstacle somewhere along the path from A to B. In previous work [1], we used Monte Carlo methods to analyze this mobility game, and found optimal strategies for a discretized version of the game. Here we show the relationship of this game to a classic game of timing [2], and use solution methods from that literature to solve for optimal strategies in a continuous version of this mobility game.
Technical and Economic Analysis of Energy Efficiency of Chinese Color Television Receivers(I)

The paer analyses thorough energy efficiency of Chinese Color TV recerivers in technical and economic aspects
Characteristic Frequency Analysis of Audible Noise Source in Transforming Region of UHV AC Test Base

The audible noise from EHV and UHV substation will affect the environment. In order to improve the noise environment,and to promote the UHV projects,we summarized the main spectrum characteristics of the corona noise from corona cage and hardware fittings testing,and those of the transformer noise from UHV AC Test Base and UHV demonstration project. On the basis of the measurement of the noise in the transforming region of UHV AC Test Base,we analyzed the distribution of the spectral characteristic,and concluded that,under conditions of a reasonable design of the grating ring and the bus,the audible noise will be very helpful to reduce. The audible noise from the transformation framework is not the main problem. The conclusions can be used to guide management of the audible noise from substation.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Wilms Tumor and Renal Calculus

AbstractNephroblastoma and renal stone disease are seen infrequently in children. We report on a 2-yearold girl with bilateral nephroblastoma and a simultaneous staghorn calculus in 1 kidney.
An SVD approach for data compression in emitter location systems

In classical TDOA/FDOA emitter location methods, pairs of sensors share the received data to compute the CAF and extract the ML estimates of TDOA/FDOA. The TDOA/FDOA estimates are then transmitted to a common site where they are used to estimate the emitter location. In some recent methods, it has been proposed that rather than sending the TDOA/FDOA estimates, it is better to send the entire CAFs to the common site. Thus, it is desirable to use some methods to compress the CAFs. In this paper, we will propose an SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) approach for CAF data compression. We will see that SVD approach is a beneficial method for data compression and also it is a strong tool for denoising. Simulation results show that by applying SVD Data Compression it is possible to perform accurate location estimation in spite of the fact that we transmit fewer bits. Also for smaller compression ratio, we even achieve an improvement in performance of location estimation compared to the case that we do not compress the data at all and that is because of the denoising effect of the SVD.
Slippage in Cognition, Perception, and Action: From Aesthetics to Artificial Intelligence

A growing body of work has emerged in computer science and related fields around the topics of aesthetics and affect. Much of this work has focused on the issue of how to treat computational systems aesthetically rather than on the question of how to understand aesthetics computationally. Here we pursue the latter question, exploring it through the lens of analogy-making-a topic of longtime interest in AI. We take our lead from a particular group of AI models that have emphasized the interplay between analogy-making and aesthetic sensibility. Central to the thinking behind these models is the idea of conceptual slippage, the process whereby one concept can “slip” to, or be replaced by, a related one, given sufficient contextual pressure. Extending this notion to perception and action, we argue that slippage and “seeing as” are central to both the creation and perception of artworks and other objects of design. We illustrate these points by drawing on a range of examples, both from computer models and from the real world. These observations suggest that a closer link should be established in AI between research on aesthetics, embodied cognition and perception, and analogy-making.
Microfabricated Kidney Tissue Models

Microfabricated in vitro kidney tissue models replicate essential components of in vivo kidney physiology in vitro , providing a platform for direct observation of controlled yet physiologically representative kidney tissue. This chapter provides a background of kidney structure and function and how they translate to signaling elements which are crucial to replicate in an in vitro model of kidney tissue. The significance of kidney tissue models as platforms to study disease is emphasized as well as their importance in applications such as toxicity tests and drug screening. A brief examination of current in vitro kidney cell culture methods is given followed by an in-depth review of current microfabricated kidney tissue models. This chapter aims to provide an understanding of the complex relationship between kidney structure and function, the crucial elements of in vitro tissue models, how those models have evolved, and what to expect from the more advanced current microfabricated models of kidney tissue.
Effectiveness of a Play Therapy Intervention on Children's Externalizing and Off-Task Behaviors.

Children's externalizing and off-task behaviors are deemed a major concern for elementary teachers and interfere with the classroom learning environment (Abidin & Robinson, 2002; Shillingford-Butler & Theodore, 2013). Children with these behaviors are at risk of falling behind academically and experiencing ongoing behavioral problems throughout their development. This single-case research design investigates the effectiveness of Adlerian play therapy on the behaviors of two elementary-aged children who have externalizing and off-task classroom behaviors. Results for this intervention suggest Adlerian play therapy may show promise as an effective intervention for school counselors and school-based counselors.
Modern Neuraxial Anesthesia for Labor and Delivery

The availability of safe, effective analgesia during labor has become an expectation for women in most of the developed world over the past two or three decades. More than 60% of women in the United States now receive some kind of neuraxial procedure during labor. This article is a brief review of the advantages and techniques of neuraxial labor analgesia along with the recent advances and controversies in the field of labor analgesia. For the most part, we have aimed the discussion at the non-anesthesiologist to give other practitioners a sense of the state of the art and science of labor analgesia in the second decade of the 21st century.
Electronic structures of elements according to ionization energies

The electronic structures of elements in the periodic table were analyzed using available experimental ionization energies. Two new parameters were defined to carry out the study. The first parameter—apparent nuclear charge (ANC)—quantified the overall charge of the nucleus and inner electrons observed by an outer electron during the ionization process. This parameter was utilized to define a second parameter, which presented the shielding ability of an electron against the nuclear charge. This second parameter—electron shielding effect (ESE)—provided an insight into the electronic structure of atoms. This article avoids any sort of approximation, interpolation or extrapolation. First experimental ionization energies were used to obtain the two aforementioned parameters. The second parameter (ESE) was then graphed against the electron number of each element, and was used to read the corresponding electronic structure. The ESE showed spikes/peaks at the end of each electronic shell, providing insight into when an electronic shell closes and a new one starts. The electronic structures of elements in the periodic table were mapped using this methodology. These graphs did not show complete agreement with the previously known “Aufbau” filling rule. A new filling rule was suggested based on the present observations. Finally, a new way to organize elements in the periodic table is suggested. Two earlier topics of effective nuclear charge, and shielding factor were also briefly discussed and compared numerically to demonstrate the capability of the new approach.
Use of a Chirp Waveform in Pulsed Eddy Current Crack Detection

When an electrical conductor containing a surface-breaking crack is subjected to a short pulse of electromagnetic radiation, the reflected field contains transient features related to the depth of the crack. This has been demonstrated in both theoretical calculations [1] and in experiments [2,3] on shallow (0.13 mm to 1.3 mm) slots in a low conductivity titanium alloy. Specifically, these results show that the peak crack signal is delayed in time by an amount proportional to the square of the crack depth, and that the signal decay times also increase with increasing depth.
High-Elevation Observations of Long-Tailed Weasel and Eastern Chipmunk in North Carolina

Abstract Observations of Mustela frenata (Long-tailed Weasel) are rare within the southern Appalachians, while observations of Tamias striatus (Eastern Chipmunk) are uncommon in high-elevation spruce-fir forests. We conducted camera-trap surveys at Roan Mountain Highlands, Mitchell County, NC, during summer 2016 in a Picea rubens (Red Spruce)—Abies fraseri (Fraser Fir) forest. During the survey, we observed a Long-tailed Weasel at 1893 m in elevation and an Eastern Chipmunk at 1703 m in elevation. These are the highest-elevation records for both species in the eastern United States outside of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and the highest elevation record for Longtailed Weasel in North Carolina.
Religiosity and faith in relation to time to metabolic syndrome for Hispanic women in a multiethnic cohort of women-Findings from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).

Abstract Objectives We investigated whether faith was associated with a difference in time to incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) among midlife Hispanic women vs women of other ethnicities. Study design The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) is a community-based, longitudinal study of a cohort of midlife women. Social, demographic, psychosocial, anthropometric, medical, and physiological measures, and incident MetS were assessed in near-annual intervals using questionnaires and assays. Each participant answered key questions related to religion and meaning in her life. Differences in time to MetS were modeled by Hispanic ethnicity (vs. otherwise) among women reporting low and high levels of faith. Main outcome measure Incident MetS in the 7 years after the SWAN baseline assessment. Results Among 2371 women, average baseline age 46, Hispanic women (n = 168) were more likely to have higher perceived stress and financial strain than non-Hispanic women (n = 2203). Nevertheless, Hispanic women were far more likely than non-Hispanic women to report that faith brought them strength and comfort in times of adversity, that they prayed often, and that their faith was sustaining for them. Hispanic women had the highest incidence rate of MetS of any racial/ethnic group. However, among women with high levels of faith, the incidence rate of MetS was similar in the Hispanic and non-Hispanic groups. Conversely, among women with low levels of faith, Hispanic women had a faster progression to MetS than did non-Hispanic women. Conclusions Faith might be associated with a different risk of MetS among women of Hispanic vs other ethnicities. Among women who are not part of a faith community, Hispanic ethnicity might be a risk factor for MetS.
In-situ IR spectroscopy as a probe of oxidation/reduction of Ce in nanostructured CeO 2

Abstract The redox properties of CeO2 are crucial in its applications in a wide range of catalytic processes. In the present research, in-situ IR spectroscopy is shown to be a viable and convenient method for the characterization of the oxidation state of Ce by monitoring the spin-orbit transition in Ce3+ (2F5/2 → 2F7/2) at ∼2147 cm−1. By monitoring this transition in CeO2 nanorods, the apparent activation energy for the production of oxygen vacancies that accompany the formation of Ce3+ has been determined and is shown to be lower for reduction with cyclohexene than with hydrogen. The bi-exponential kinetics for the formation of oxygen vacancies in CeO2 nanorods is discussed. An application of this method to real time monitoring of the oxidation state of Ce in the oxidation of cyclohexene on vanadia supported on ceria is presented as an example of how this method can be used as an operando probe of reaction mechanisms.
Protein Kinase Cθ Via Activating Transcription Factor 2-Mediated CD36 Expression and Foam Cell Formation of Ly6Chi Cells Contributes to Atherosclerosis.

Background: Although the role of thrombin in atherothrombosis is well studied, its role in the pathogenesis of diet-induced atherosclerosis is not known. Methods: Using a mouse model of diet-induce...
Forest Inventories as the Basis for a Continuous Monitoring of Forest Biomass Resources

The forest biomass constitutes an important part of the total biomass resources. According to Milescu and Axente (1969), it is estimated that approximately 4 out of the 13 billion hectares of land on earth (excluding the arctic and antarctic regions) is occupied by forest; that is, about 30 percent of the land is forest land. This is an average percent applicable to the entire earth. If a breakdown by large geographical areas is desired, it is estimated that the percent of forest land is about 20 for Asia (excluding Siberia), 25 for Africa, 30 for Europe (excluding Russia) and Oceania (including Australia), 34 for USSR (including Siberia) and about 42 percent for the North and South America combined.
Poly[[silver(I)-bis[μ2-3-(aminomethyl)pyridine]-κ2N1:N3;κ2N3:N1] hexafluoridophosphate]

In the title compound, {[Ag(C6H8N2)2]PF6}n, a two-dimensional coordination polymer is formed by linking each Ag atom of the [Ag(3-AMP)]2 rings [3-AMP is 3-(amino­meth­yl)pyridine] with an additional equivalent of 3-AMP. This polymer exhibits hydrogen bonding to the anion, which sits in channels forming a three-dimensional network. Each Ag atom is ligated by two pyridine and two amine groups.
Immunoglobulin Structure: Diversity, Gene Duplication, and Domains

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study analyzing diversity, gene duplication, and domains in immunoglobulin structure. For the determination of the amino acid sequence of the first 137 residues of the He γ chain, cyanogen bromide fragments H1 and H2 were used. The heavy chain of He contains five methionines. Although all the methionyl residues were destroyed by CNBr, Met85 and Met362 were adjacent to threonyl residues and were, therefore, not readily cleaved. The gel filtration of the heavy chain following treatment with CNBr gave the elution profile. The first fraction to emerge from the column contained aggregated and uncleaved material. Fragments H1 and H2, presumably linked by a disulfide bond, were in the second fraction. The third fraction contained fragment H3 linked to H4, as a result of the failure of CNBr to cleave the Met–Thr bond. This was followed by a small amount of fragments H3 and H4. Fragment H5 comprised the last fraction.