cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mexico City, Mexico, Commuter Rail: Planning and Implementation of Multijurisdictional, Public–Private Partnership Project

The Mexico City Metropolitan Area in Mexico has grown beyond the original confines of the Federal District and sprawled into surrounding cities located in Mexico State. This transition from a large but centralized city to a sprawling megalopolis means that the challenge of providing services, including adequate transportation options, to the population is growing exponentially. In response to the growing population of commuters, the government has invested in various mass transit projects to increase travel efficiency. The development of a commuter rail system capable of transporting hundreds of thousands of suburban commuters is a priority project that has spanned three Mexican presidencies with continued support. Since its opening in 2008, this suburban electric rail system, the Ferrocarril Suburbano, has been serving commuters between the Mexico City greater metropolitan area and municipalities in the northwest, greatly reducing passenger travel time and curtailing emissions. The project has been spons...
Price of Correlations in Stochastic Optimization

When decisions are made in the presence of high-dimensional stochastic data, handling joint distribution of correlated random variables can present a formidable task, both in terms of sampling and estimation as well as algorithmic complexity. A common heuristic is to estimate only marginal distributions and substitute joint distribution by independent (product) distribution. In this paper, we study possible loss incurred on ignoring correlations through a distributionally robust stochastic programming model, and we quantify that loss as price of correlations (POC). Using techniques of cost sharing from game theory, we identify a wide class of problems for which POC has a small upper bound. To our interest, this class will include many stochastic convex programs, uncapacitated facility location, Steiner tree, and submodular functions, suggesting that the intuitive approach of assuming independent distribution acceptably approximates the robust model for these stochastic optimization problems. Additionally, we demonstrate hardness of bounding POC via examples of subadditive and supermodular functions that have large POC. We find that our results are also useful for solving many deterministic optimization problems like welfare maximization, k-dimensional matching, and transportation problems, under certain conditions.
Templated Electrochemical Synthesis of Titania Nanopillars on Conductive Substrates

We report a fabrication scheme for arrays of nanoscopic titania (TiO 2 ) pillars on a variety of conductive substrates including a transparent conductive oxide. Nanoporous polymeric templates of approximately 20 nm in diameter and up to 500 nm in height (aspect ratio 1:25) are prepared by oxygen plasma etching using a self-assembled block copolymer thin film as an etch mask. Titanyl hydroxide gel is electrochemically deposited into the nanopores of the template and crystallizes into anatase phase by thermal treatment. We investigated the effect of electrochemical deposition conditions, template and substrate materials, and wet etching conditions on the final morphology of TiO 2 nanopillars. As demonstrated in this paper, this approach provides single or multilayered anatase titania nanopillars with approximately 20 nm in diameter, 100-400 nm in height, which find a variety of potential applications including photocatalysis and solar cells.
A Commentary: "Brown v. Board of Education I: A Reconsideration"

This article, a reconsidering of both the benefits and the consequences of the Brown v. Board of Education (1954; Davis and Graham, 1995) case, posits determinations as to the historical significance of the U.S. Supreme Court justices' decision. Carefully weighing the words of the justices renders a position that the decision of the Court and the intention of the Court do not fall in alignment with one another. And despite the rightness of the decision and all that has been reaped in the way of its benefits, still, the decision's unarticulated language has rendered a greater significance and has placed enduring consequences on the public education system, as well as in the greater context of race as a whole.
Surgical Eyelid and Periorbital Anatomy

Modern cosmetic surgery of the periorbital area has reached new levels of sophistication. Effective execution of advanced surgical procedures demands artistic intuition and a thorough understanding of anatomy. This article discusses the basic and applied anatomy of the upper and middle thirds of the face. Particular emphasis is placed on recent advances in our understanding of facial anatomy and their surgical applications.
Using cosmetics: The social construction of a consumer object

In this study, the consumption of cosmetics is examined as a social construction. Methods industry uses to sell cosmetics, including advertising and personal demonstrations; ways that consumers decide whether to purchase cosmetics; and the ways in which users actually use cosmetics are discussed. Rather than the structural view of consumers as passive victims of the marketing process, consumers are seen as active decision makers who, jointly with the messages they receive, construct the meanings of products.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism Associated With Blastomyces dermatitidis in a Dog

An 8-year-old, male castrated golden retriever presented for cough and increased respiratory effort. Radiographs revealed an alveolar pattern in the right caudal lung lobe and an opacity at the carina suspected to be enlarged tracheobronchial lymph nodes. The disease progressed to involve the right middle lung lobe. Cytopathology of a fine-needle aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were nondiagnostic. Surgical removal of the right caudal lung lobe and biopsy of the perihilar lymph nodes revealed pulmonary thromboembolism and reactive lymph nodes. The dog died several days postoperatively, and necropsy revealed diffuse pulmonary thromboembolism. Additionally, Blastomyces dermatitis organisms were identified in a pyogranulomatous mass surrounding the trachea near the carina. In an extensive literature search, no reports of pulmonary thromboembolism associated with blastomycosis were identified. It is suspected that the inflammation secondary to blastomycosis caused the thromboembolism.
A Nonhuman Primate Model of Excessive Alcohol Intake

Developmental, biochemical, and behavioral concomitants of voluntary excessive alcohol consumption were investigated using a nonhuman primate model. Studies were designed to investigate potential neurobiological and behavioral parallels of Cloninger’s subtypes of type I and type II alcoholism in nonhuman primates. The studies have shown that a subpopulation of primates chronically consume intoxicating amounts of alcohol. Subjects that chronically consume intoxicating amounts of alcohol often exhibit neurobiological and behavioral features that were predicted by Cloninger’s model for subtypes of alcoholism among humans. Investigations showed that behavior patterns and biological indices that characterize high anxiety, whether constitutionally or stress induced, were correlated with high rates of alcohol consumption, consistent with predictions for type I alcoholism. Early untoward rearing experiences that increased anxiety increased the probability that subjects would chronically drink alco h olto intoxication. Investigations of type II-like alcohol consumption patterns focused on subjects with low central nervous system (CNS) serotonin functioning [as measured by reduced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)]. CSF 5-HIAA in infancy was shown to be a relatively stable neurobiological trait across development into adulthood. An individual CSF 5-HIAA concentration in infancy was shown to be a consequence of paternal and maternal genetic influences. Early parental neglect reduced CSF 5-HIAA concentrations. Low CSF 5-HIAA and CNS norepinephrine functioning were shown to predict excessive alcohol consumption in adolescence. Behaviorally, subjects with low CSF 5-HIAA demonstrated impaired impulse control, which resulted in excessive and inappropriate aggression, infrequent and inept social behaviors, low social status, social isolation and expulsion from social groups at an early age, and high rates of early mortality. With some exceptions, these findings were consistent with predictions from Cloninger’s type II model of excessive alcohol consumption among men who exhibit impaired impulse control and violent and antisocial behaviors.
A Script-theoretic Analysis of Industrial Purchasing Behavior:

This article applies cognitive script theory to the analysis of the industrial purchase behaviors involved in a computer terminal purchase. Industrial buyers' scripts for the overall new buy purcha...
Rapid Thermal Diffusion of Zinc In GaAs

Rapid thermal diffusion of zinc into semi-insulating GaAs from spin-on zinc silica film is investigated. The rapid thermal diffusion is performed for various diffusion times (5 to 25 sec) and temperatures (800° to 950° C) with tungstenhalogen lamps as the heat source. The sheet resistivity, surface hole concentration and mobility of these zinc diffused layers as measured by Van der Pauw technique shows the formation of shallow p+ layer. The surface morphology of these diffused layers are observed in a low voltage Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the depth profile of diffused impurities are determined by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS). Nonalloyed ohmic contacts are formed on these zinc diffused layers and the contact resistivity is determined by the Transmission Line Method (TLM).
Oxidation and Stabilization of Rubbers

Abstract I would like to acknowledge the financial support of our research by the rubber industry, and by U.S. Army Ordnance Research, supplemented by other government agencies and the Petroleum Research Fund, ACS. I also want to emphasize that the honor of t award must be shared with all who have worked with me from the early 1940's to the present time. I will not name them here because there are so many, and I would not want to overlook anyone. I do want to thank my biographer. Professor Jack L. Koenig, who will introduce me this evening, and with whom I continue to collaborate on studies of both oxidation and vulcanization of rubbers. I am very proud to have been a member of the Rubber Division, ACS, since January of 1944, and I am very grateful to the division for choosing me to receive the Charles Goodyear Medal for 1983.
Effect of pH on cytopathogenicity of orphan viruses.

Summary1. The cytopathogenic titer of certain orphan viruses in monkey kidney tissue culture was depressed or delayed when grown in the presence of a medium which developed an acid pH. This phenomenon has been termed the apH effect. 2. Sensitivity to the “pH effect” appeared to be strain characteristic. Differences occurred among serotypes as well as within serotypes of the orphan viruses. One Coxsackie group B virus tested also demonstrated the “pH effect.” Two poliovirus types tested were minimally affected by pH variation. 3. Neutralization of tissue culture acidity with an excess of NaHCOs, or prevention of acid formation by omission of glucose restored optimal viral cy-topathogenicity. 4. The “pH effect” tended to be less evident with rapidly cytopathogenic agents or in the presence of large inocula. 5. Rate of primary isolation of orphan virus from stool suspensions was substantially decreased when acid producing tissue culture medium was used.
INFLUENCE OF OXYGEN ON TIP GROWTH OF PILOBOLUS CRYSTALLINUS HYPHAE

Radial expansion of Pilobolus crystallinus colonies was inhibited by oxygen. The upper limit of p02 for radial growth was estimated at less than 30 mm Hg. At partial pressures of oxygen greater than 30 mm Hg the fungus only grew beneath the substrate surface and under an oxygen atmosphere (p02 = 760 mm Hg) growth ceased until respiration created an area of low p02 (<30 mm Hg) at the hyphal tips. Growth as measured by dry weight changes, however, was favored by aeration. Oxygen inhibits extension of hyphal tips which in turn effects vertical organization of the colony, but this fungus probably is not microaerophilic. Colonies of filamentous fungi normally expand linearly because essentially all growth occurs at the hyphal tips. Contributing to this tip growth is a zone of intense metabolic activity, termed the peripheral growth zone (Trinci, 1971; Trinci and Saunders, 1977). As the peripheral growth zone widens, branches are initiated behind the tip. This tends to maintain a fixed peripheral growth zone width, and thereby linear growth of the leading hyphae. The obvious exception to the rule of linear growth is deceleration of growth due to depletion of nutrients or accu? mulation of inhibitory metabolites. I have noted that radial growth of a Pilobolus crystallinus (Wiggers) Tode colony frequently is not linear but in fact may accelerate as the colony develops. The underlying mechanism of this accelerating expansion is not immediately obvious but the implication is that fungal activity creates an environment that progressively favors radial growth. In this paper I present evidence that depletion of oxygen in the peripheral growth zone is largely responsible for the observed non-linear growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Left-ventricular diastolic function and hypertension.

Left-ventricular diastolic function is influenced by multiple factors in hypertension. These factors include age, left-ventricular hypertrophy, afterload, left-atrial pressure, blood pressure, and myocardial stiffness. The influences of and interactions among these factors change the fi lling characteristics of the left ventricle and characterize diastolic function. Despite the complex nature of these interactions, important clinical information can be noninvasively derived by Doppler echocardiography and nuclear scintigraphy. The entire spectrum of hypertension is involved with and may alter left-ventricular diastolic function.
Labour Imports/ Exports for Economic Development: The Middle East Experience

The value of petroleum exports from OPEC’s twelve major petroleum-exporting members rose from $35 billion in 1973 to $112 billion in 1974 and reached $137 billion in 1977.2 In the petroleum-exporting countries of the Middle East and North Africa, the sharp increase in revenues substantially eased, and in some cases practically eliminated, the financial constraints to economic growth. Yet this development brought with it difficult issues and choices for policy-makers. Apart from the socio-political choices concerning the appropriate role of the public and private sectors, standards of income distribution, and rates of petroleum depletion, they had the difficult task of mobilising other factors of production. Absorption of existing revenues, and thus economic growth, was impeded by a lack of infrastructure and, more importantly, by an acute shortage of manpower at all skill levels.
Spatial Patterns of Glacier Mass Change in the Southern Andes

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze the spatial patterns of wastage trends of ice masses in the Southern Andes. The study compared digital elevation models from Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) (Year 2000) with the elevation footprints from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) campaign for the years 2004 through 2008 in the Dry Central, North Wet, South Patagonia, and Cordillera Darwin regions. Overall, the mean elevation differences on clean ice were negative in all four regions. However, the higher mass balance trends were observed in the Cordillera Darwin (-0.126 ± 0.05 m w.e.a- 1) and the North Wet (− 0.122 ± 0.12 m w.e.a- 1) regions. In contrast, no major change in mass balance trends was observed in Dry Central (-0.037 ± 0.13 m w.e.a- 1) and South Patagonian Icefield (-0.037 ± 0.05 m w.e.a- 1).
Crystallization of HC(NH2)2PbI3 Black Polymorph by Solvent Intercalation for Low Temperature Solution Processing of Perovskite Solar Cells

One of the critical problems in fabrication of flexible perovskite modules and resolving their reliability issue remains the necessity to utilize high temperature annealing for synthesis of perovskite and electron transport layers. Here, we provide a breakthrough in addressing these challenges by demonstrating low temperature synthesis of both of these layers. HC(NH)2PbI3 (commonly known as FAPbI3) has two polymorphs, a high temperature-stable black FAPbI3 perovskite-type pseudocubic polymorph (α-phase) and a low temperature-stable yellow non-perovskite hexagonal polymorph (δ-phase). In order to understand the crystallization kinetics of the FAPbI3 black polymorph, a PbI2-NMP complex is fabricated via solvent intercalation between the adjacent I-Pb-I layers. Utilizing structural, electrical, and thermal analyses, the connection between solvent intercalation and the crystallization of the FAPbI3 black polymorph is established. It is found that the solvent intercalation in the PbI2 crystal causes lattice st...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis.

Thromboembolic events are a known and potentially life-threatening extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The overall incidence of thrombosis in IBD is estimated to be between 1.3% and 7.5%. 1,2 Reported cases of thrombosis are arterial or venous and occur most frequently in the deep leg veins and/or pulmonary vasculature. Unusual but reported sites of venous thrombosis include the cerebral sinuses, retinal vessels, and the heart. Although associations have been described between IBD and inherited prothrombotic states, the exact pathophysiology of thromboembolism in IBD remains unknown. We present two cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in patients with IBD. A literature search of IBD and CVST yielded 31 additional cases (Table 1). 3-29 The literature is reviewed including a discussion about presentation and treatment of CVST as well as current theories about thrombosis and IBD.
Treating Mental Illness among Diabetic Black Male Adolescents: A Review.

Objective:To examine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for treatment evidence for Black male adolescents suffering from comorbid mental illness and diabetes mellitus.Method:A review of the studie...
A Program for the Improvement and Elaboration of Data Needed for Commodity Price Forecasting

I know that some of you do not believe in price forecasting. But many of us are engaged in aiding producers to adjust production to demand and in deciding when and how to market; or in aiding distributors and consumers to decide when to buy. We are trying to make some practical use of economic theory and statistics. Whether we acknowledge it or not, we are forecasting or aiding our employers to forecast prices. Enough is known about prices to enable competent analysts to make price forecasts sufficiently accurate to be useful in planning production, marketing, consumption, or buying, to the advantage of the producer, the distributor, or the consumer. Whenever it is possible by such means to bring about a more accurate adjustment of prices to fundamental supply and demand conditions, the producer, the distributor and the consumer may all profit through the elimination of economic wastes. These two propositions are re-phrased from the conclusion of the paper read last year at the meeting of the Farm Economic Association on "Progress in Price Analysis and an Appraisal of Success in Price Forecasting." ' I am restating these two propositions as my justification for advocating great care and large expenditures in the collection and analysis of data as to production, prices, and consumption of commodities, for use in price forecasting. The subject assigned to me seems to be comprehensive as to the commodities to be considered, but lack of knowledge of non-agricultural commodities makes it necessary for me to confine my discussion to agricultural commodities.
Husserl’s Spatialization of Perceptual Consciousness

In this paper I show that, in Husserl’s phenomenology of perception, the consciousness of any perceiving subject can take up space. What Husserl calls “noema” just is some intentional object. Thus any noema of perception just is the object of some perceptual experience. According to Husserl, since the noema of perception is immanent to the consciousness of the perceiving subject, the object of perception must also be in some sense immanent. In order to avoid confrontation with Husserl’s anti-Brentanian claim that no intentional object can be immanent to any intentional act, I show that there are two different senses of immanence in Husserl: the “genuine”-sense and what Steven Crowell calls the “phenomenological”-sense. On this disambiguation, any perceptual object can be genuinely transcendent while remaining phenomenologically immanent. What is required for the second sense of immanence is a holistic conception of consciousness. However, Husserl is also a realist about the objects of perception: the object of perception is the actual object itself rather than some mental representation of anything like the Kantian thing in-itself. The objects of perception are spatial. Therefore, if any perceptual object is immanent to some consciousness then that consciousness must also be spatial; hence, my spatialist interpretation of Husserl’s phenomenology of perception.
Performance analysis and problem determination in SOA environments

SOA environments are typically characterized by large number of frameworks. These frameworks stack over each other in the runtime infrastructure and result in deep stack depths and large number of objects being created, most of which, are short lived. Consequently, problem determination and performance tuning of such runtime environments is known to be an extremely difficult task, which requires experience and expertise. In this paper, we share our experiences working with such production SOA runtime environments. Through our experiences we try to find the answer to the following question: can problem determination and performance analysis itself be offered as a service in SOA environments? We note that, in practice Java language and the associated J2EE stack remains one of the most popular runtime environment for implementing SOA. Since Java provides structured runtime logs, we seek to find patterns in those logs that can be used to automate performance analysis and problem determination in SOA environments. We describe three performance problem case studies, each of which present unique performance problems in open source benchmark and production SOA applications. All the case studies highlight the complexity associated with automated performance analysis. However, we make the case that at least part of the performance analysis process can be automated and offered as a service.
Preoperative Antibiotics Before Bladder Biopsy: Are They Necessary?

Objective To compare postoperative infectious outcomes of bladder biopsies performed in the office without antibiotic prophylaxis vs those done with preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in the operating room (OR). Materials and Methods Our institutional review board-approved database was retrospectively reviewed for patients who underwent bladder biopsy in the office or in the OR between July 2014 and August 2015. All patients with bladder biopsies performed in the OR and none in the office received preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Patient characteristics and post-procedural outcomes including bacteriuria, urinary tract infection (UTI), and febrile UTI were recorded. The rates of these outcomes were compared between the 2 groups using the chi-square test. Patients were excluded from analysis if they experienced a UTI or were prescribed antibiotics within 30 days before their procedure. Results In all, 216 biopsies were identified (106 in the office and 110 in the OR). No difference was noted in the rate of UTI (0.94% vs 0.91%, P = .98), or febrile UTI (0% vs 0.91%, P = .33) between those undergoing bladder biopsy in the office and those in the OR. There was no difference in the incidence of new urinary symptoms (2.8% vs 5.5%, P = .33) or post-procedural bacteriuria (3.8% vs 3.6%, P = .96). Conclusion Since the introduction of the mandated use of antibiotics for routine procedures such as bladder biopsy, antibiotic use has markedly increased. Our data suggest that the preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis that is recommended may not confer benefit to select patients. At a time when antibiotic stewardship is of utmost importance, guidelines regarding its use should be reconsidered.
Risk of exposure to Coxiella burnetii from ruminant livestock exhibited at Iowa agricultural fairs

Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen typically associated with clinical and asymptomatic infection in ruminant livestock. A re-emerging pathogen of significant public health importance, C. burnetii has caused recent epidemics in the United States and Europe, and public livestock exhibitions are increasingly scrutinized as a potential source of C. burnetii exposure. Although C. burnetii prevalence data among North American domestic ruminants are extremely limited, contemporary studies suggest that this pathogen is both geographically widespread and highly prevalent on a herd basis, especially in dairy cattle and goat populations. We utilized a real-time PCR assay to detect C. burnetii faecal shedding by clinically normal, non-periparturient beef cattle, meat goats and sheep exhibited at Iowa agricultural fairs. Individual faecal samples were collected from beef cattle, meat goats and sheep exhibited at twelve Iowa county fairs during the summer of 2009. The sample pool was blocked by species and fair, and ten samples from each block were randomly selected for the diagnostic assay; this test pool is considered sufficient to identify with 95% confidence a shedding animal in a population prevalence of 2.85% (cattle and sheep) and 6.25% (goats). Detection of C. burnetii DNA was determined through use of a real-time PCR assay validated for use in bovine, ovine and caprine faeces; threshold of detection is one DNA copy per PCR (sensitivity 95.8%, specificity 100%). All tested samples were negative for C. burnetii DNA. We conclude that non-dairy, non-periparturient ruminants exhibited at Iowa fairs are unlikely to shed C. burnetii in their faeces and that this population should not be considered to be a significant exposure risk to other livestock or fair attendees.
BASTION-SGX: Bluetooth and Architectural Support for Trusted I/O on SGX

This paper presents work towards realizing architectural support for Bluetooth Trusted I/O on SGX-enabled platforms, with the goal of providing I/O data protection that does not rely on system software security. Indeed, we are primarily concerned with protecting I/O from all software adversaries, including privileged software. In this paper we describe the challenges in designing and implementing Trusted I/O at the architectural level for Bluetooth. We propose solutions to these challenges. In addition, we describe our proof-of-concept work that extends existing over-the-air Bluetooth security all the way to an SGX enclave by securing user data between the Bluetooth Controller and an SGX enclave.
Monitoring and Control of Machining

This chapter reviews major research developments over the past few decades in the monitoring and control of machining processes (e. g. turning, milling, drilling, and grinding). The major research accomplishments are reviewed from the perspective of a hierarchical monitoring and control system structure, which considers servo, process, and supervisory control levels. The use and benefits of advanced signal processing and control methods (e. g. Kalman filtering, optimal control, adaptive control) are highlighted, and illustrated with examples from research work conducted by the author and his co-workers. Also included are observations on how significant the research to date has been in terms of industrial impact, and thoughts on how this research area might develop in the future.
Second cadaver kidney transplants: improved graft survival in secondary kidney transplants using cyclosporin A.

AbstractA total of 42 patients who had failed prior renal transplantation underwent repeat cadaveric transplantation using cyclosporin A and low dose steroid immunosuppression. Patient survival at 1 year was 100 per cent. Over-all graft survival was 83 per cent at 1 year, which was significantly better than had been obtainable previously in this high risk group. Repeat cadaver transplantation with cyclosporin A is safe and offers those who have failed previous transplantation an opportunity for existence free of dialysis.
Polyamine function in archaea and bacteria

Most of the phylogenetic diversity of life is found in bacteria and archaea, and is reflected in the diverse metabolism and functions of bacterial and archaeal polyamines. The polyamine spermidine was probably present in the last universal common ancestor, and polyamines are known to be necessary for critical physiological functions in bacteria, such as growth, biofilm formation, and other surface behaviors, and production of natural products, such as siderophores. There is also phylogenetic diversity of function, indicated by the role of polyamines in planktonic growth of different species, ranging from absolutely essential to entirely dispensable. However, the cellular molecular mechanisms responsible for polyamine function in bacterial growth are almost entirely unknown. In contrast, the molecular mechanisms of essential polyamine functions in archaea are better understood: covalent modification by polyamines of translation factor aIF5A and the agmatine modification of tRNAIle. As with bacterial hyperthermophiles, archaeal thermophiles require long-chain and branched polyamines for growth at high temperatures. For bacterial species in which polyamines are essential for growth, it is still unknown whether the molecular mechanisms underpinning polyamine function involve covalent or noncovalent interactions. Understanding the cellular molecular mechanisms of polyamine function in bacterial growth and physiology remains one of the great challenges for future polyamine research.
Machine Learning for Macroscale Ecological Niche Modeling - a Multi-Model, Multi-Response Ensemble Technique for Tree Species Management Under Climate Change

The field of machine learning has grown exponentially over the past decade, helped by faster PCs with more memory, and resulting in development of a plethora of techniques based on ensemble methods. In this chapter, I explore techniques relevant to macroscale ecological niche modelling in a regression context. I evaluate the challenges while predicting suitable habitats under future climates, and address issues related to high dimensional data like variance-bias tradeoffs, overfitting and nonlinearity. To illustrate, I choose a generalist tree species, the white oak (Quercus alba) in the eastern United States, and model its current and future-climate abundances as a multi-response blend of relative and absolute dominance and density. A novel multi-model ensemble approach is developed, using techniques of randomized decision trees and stochastic gradient boosting. I assess model performance, prediction confidence, and predictor importance in a multi-response, multi-model framework and discuss its relevance for tree species management under climate change as well as its limitations and caveats.
Rotation self-evaluation checklist (REC): A preceptors' perspective.

Abstract Purpose Healthcare checklists standardize processes and procedures in medical facilities. In pharmacy experiential education programs, checklists may allow preceptors to standardize some student activities that affect patient care. During my time as a preceptor, I found that a checklist could assist struggling students who overlook critical patient information regularly. Description In this article, I reflect on the incorporation of a rotation self-evaluation checklist (REC) in the training of 83 pharmacy students. The reflection of this integration was performed with Brookfield's four lenses’ model of critical reflection. These interconnecting lenses allowed for self, learner, peer, and literature reflection of a checklist implementation in an experiential rotation. Analysis/Interpretation The critical reflection analysis incorporated evaluations from students and discussions from learners and peers on the REC implementation. Introspection provided valuable insights into the origin and impact of the REC. Conclusion The REC assisted in the standardization of the medication review process for the pharmacy student, but also provided the learner the opportunity to self-evaluate their process. The reflection allowed me to conclude that the REC provided guidance and assistance to the learner, but also recognized that it was a stressor. Implications The critical reflection of this educational activity provided me with valuable insight into the perceptions and beliefs of this teaching and learning method and the impact on students. The REC assisted in student learning and a modified REC may have a role in the training of pharmacy students in other rotation settings.
Black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus (Sciuridae), metapopulation response to novel sourced conspecific signals

Aggregation of territorial individuals within a species can be facilitated via conspecific signals, wherein settlement implies habitat suitability, ease of resource acquisition and/or increased predator detection. The black-tailed prairie dog is a colonial small mammal with alarm vocalizations that confer benefits via group vigilance against predators and increased foraging time. Although prairie dog alarm calls are relatively well understood, the information embedded in their jump-yip call, which includes both a distinct cry and a bodily gesture, remains less clear. We evaluated prairie dog behaviour in response to conspecific acoustic signals using playbacks of alarm and jump-yip calls at 26 sites in northeastern Wyoming, U.S.A. Recorded calls from an isolated colony were broadcast to a mean of five individuals per site, and behavioural responses were compared against uninfluenced behaviour and a control playback of ambient sounds. The alarm playback caused prairie dogs to increase vigilance 122% and decrease foraging time 23%, demonstrating prairie dogs will shift behaviour based on signals from individuals of an unfamiliar colony. However, the alarm call playback reduced frequency of the jump-yip behaviour only at colonies nearest the recording source. The jump-yip playback caused unfamiliar prairie dogs to display 339% more jump-yips than uninfluenced behaviour. The jump-yip playback did not alter recipients' foraging or vigilance behaviours relative to control treatments, suggesting that although prairie dogs can understand and reciprocate an unfamiliar, single modality signal, they may not shift other behaviours based on this stimulus. As such, the purpose and benefits of the jump-yip call remain unclear. Playback efficacy also had a nonlinear relationship with distance from recording source. Our work improves understanding of communication at the metapopulation level, examines the potential role of the jump-yip and provides insights for how conspecific signals might be used as a management tool.
Halogenated cannabinoid synthesis

Abstract A convenient synthesis of several tricyclic and bicyclic fluoro- and iodo analogs of cannabinoids has been reported. A new, mild methodology for the synthesis of vinyl fluorides from vinylstannanes has also been demonstrated. These C9 halo-functionalized cannabinoid analogs, along with (−) and (+)-Δ9-THC carboxylic acids, were screened for anti-inflammatory activity in the mouse ear edema assay. It was interesting to find that both enantiomers of Δ9-THC carboxylic acid were moderately active as anti-inflammatories. The bicyclic vinyl iodide (18C) also showed appreciable anti-inflammatory activity.
Control of Solvent Dynamics around the B12-Dependent Ethanolamine Ammonia-Lyase Enzyme in Frozen Aqueous Solution by Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide Modulation of Mesodomain Volume.

The temperature-dependent structure and dynamics of two concentric solvent phases, the protein-associated domain (PAD) and the mesodomain, that surround the ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (EAL) protein...
Brief Report: State-Level Number of Physically Inactive US Adults With Arthritis Who can Improve Their Anxiety and Depression by Exercising.

Objective Provide state-level estimates of the number of physically inactive adults in the United States with arthritis and other rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) who could improve their anxiety and depression by exercising. Methods Utilizing 1) number-needed-to treat (NNT) data from two prior meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials addressing the effects of exercise on anxiety and depression in adults with arthritis and other RMDs, 2) recent state-level prevalence estimates on arthritis and physical inactivity in adults with arthritis and other RMDs, and 3) state-level 2010 US Census population data, the number of physically inactive adults with arthritis and other RMDs who could improve their anxiety and depression by exercising was estimated. Results Across all states and the District of Columbia, the number of adults with arthritis and other RMDs who could improve their anxiety and depression by starting an exercise program was estimated at 3 433 167 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3 171 000-3 703 522) for anxiety and 2 942 706 (95% CI = 2 718 000-3 174 438) for depression. For anxiety, numbers ranged from 3677 (95% CI = 3235-4154) in the District of Columbia to 271 253 (95% CI = 243 998-298 508) in Texas. For depression, numbers ranged from 3151 (95% CI = 2773-3561) in the District of Columbia to 232 502 (95% CI = 209 140-255 863) in Texas. Conclusion These state-specific data suggest that a large number of physically inactive US adults with arthritis and other RMDs could improve their anxiety and depression by starting and maintaining a regular exercise program.
Diversity, Transmission, and Cophylogeny of Ledanteviruses (Rhabdoviridae: Ledantevirus) and Nycteribiid Bat Flies Parasitizing Angolan Soft-Furred Fruit Bats in Bundibugyo District, Uganda

Obligate hematophagous ectoparasitic flies of the superfamily Hippoboscoidea are distributed worldwide, but their role as vectors and reservoirs of viruses remains understudied. We examined hippoboscoid bat flies (family Nycteribiidae) parasitizing Angolan soft-furred fruit bats (Lissonycteris angolensis ruwenzorii) from Bundibugyo District, Uganda. Using metagenomic methods, we detected 21 variants of the rhabdovirid genus Ledantevirus, which contains medically important “bat-associated” viruses. These 21 viruses, representing at least two divergent viral lineages, infected 26 bat flies from 8 bats in a single roost. Cophylogenetic analyses of viruses and bat flies resulted in strong evidence of virus-host codivergence, indicating vertical transmission of bat fly ledanteviruses. Examination of oral swabs from bats revealed ledantevirus RNA in the saliva of 1 out of 11 bats, with no evidence of insect genetic material in the mouth of this bat. These data demonstrate that bat flies can harbor diverse ledanteviruses even in a single roost and that the predominant mode of transmission is likely vertical (among bat flies), but that bats can become infected and shed viruses orally. In conclusion, bat flies may serve as ectoparasitic reservoirs of “bat-associated” viruses that only transiently or sporadically infect bats.
Artificial intelligence in ophthalmology during COVID-19 and in the post COVID-19 era.

Purpose of review To highlight artificial intelligence applications in ophthalmology during the COVID-19 pandemic that can be used to: describe ocular findings and changes correlated with COVID-19; extract information from scholarly articles on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 specific to ophthalmology; and implement efficient patient triage and telemedicine care. Recent findings Ophthalmology has been leading in artificial intelligence and technology applications. With medical imaging analysis, pixel-annotated distinguishable features on COVID-19 patients may help with noninvasive diagnosis and severity outcome predictions. Using natural language processing (NLP) and data integration methods, topic modeling on more than 200 ophthalmology-related articles on COVID-19 can summarize ocular manifestations, viral transmission, treatment strategies, and patient care and practice management. Artificial intelligence for telemedicine applications can address the high demand, prioritize and triage patients, as well as improve at home-monitoring devices and secure data transfers. Summary COVID-19 is significantly impacting the way we are delivering healthcare. Given the already successful implementation of artificial intelligence applications and telemedicine in ophthalmology, we expect that these systems will be embraced more as tools for research, education, and patient care.
Steeped in Shame: An Exploration of Family Sexual Socialization Among Black College Women:

Most research on Black girls’ sexuality emphasizes reducing risk behaviors, with less attention to dimensions of healthy and normative sexual development, such as body positivity. To address this g...
Decomposition of the Role of Family in Reentry: Family Support, Tension, Gender, and Reentry Outcomes:

A vast body of reentry research has investigated the role of family in facilitating reentry success. However, it is largely unknown whether family can both be a source of support and conflict and i...
Resonance tuning for dynamic Huygens metasurfaces

Metasurfaces with dynamic optical performance have the potential to enable a broad range of applications. We computationally investigate the potential of dielectric Huygens metasurfaces, supporting both electric and magnetic dipole resonances, as a candidate platform for dynamic tuning. The asymmetric response of the two dipole resonances to changes in geometric and material parameters, and the potential for separate control of amplitude and phase, is analyzed. A review of dynamic materials, and their promise and limitations for use in dynamic Huygens metasurfaces, is discussed. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is recognized as a singularly interesting material, due to its variable refractive index and optical absorption in response to several stimuli. Transmitted phase modulation of ±π is computationally demonstrated as a function of decaying resonance utilizing only the first 5% of the insulator-metal transition, corresponding to a temperature change of 1.5π for transmitted light) and amplitude modulation (from R=1 to T=1) are demonstrated using a simple silicon metasurface with varying incident angle within a range of ∼15∘ on two axes. A promising implementation within a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS)-based spatial light modulator, similar to conventional digital micromirror devices, is discussed.
FLASH: Video-Embeddable AR Anchors for Live Events

Public spaces like concert stadiums and sporting arenas are ideal venues for AR content delivery to crowds of mobile phone users. Unfortunately, these environments tend to be some of the most challenging in terms of lighting and dynamic staging for vision-based relocalization. In this paper, we introduce FLASH1, a system for delivering AR content within challenging lighting environments that uses active tags (i.e., blinking) with detectable features from passive tags (quads) for marking regions of interest and determining pose. This combination allows the tags to be detectable from long distances with significantly less computational overhead per frame, making it possible to embed tags in existing video displays like large jumbotrons. To aid in pose acquisition, we implement a gravity-assisted pose solver that removes the ambiguous solutions that are often encountered when trying to localize using standard passive tags. We show that our technique outperforms similarly sized passive tags in terms of range by 20-30% and is fast enough to run at 30 FPS even within a mobile web browser on a smartphone.
Robert L. Smith: Visionary Leader, Extraordinary Mentor, & Beloved Colleague:

This remembrance of Dr. Robert L. Smith, 63rd President of the American Counseling Association, contains recollections, tributes, and anecdotes about the life career of a major contributor to the p...
Community Involvement in Developing Policies for Genetic Testing: Assessing the Interests and Experiences of Individuals Affected by Genetic Conditions

Because the introduction of genetic testing into clinical medicine and public health creates concerns for the welfare of individuals affected with genetic conditions, those individuals should have a role in policy decisions about testing. Mechanisms for promoting participation range from membership on advisory committees to community dialogues to surveys that provide evidence for supporting practice guidelines. Surveys can assess the attitudes and the experiences of members of an affected group and thus inform discussions about the community’s concerns regarding the appropriate use of a genetic test. Results of a survey of individuals affected with inherited dwarfism show how data can be used in policy and clinical practice contexts. Future research into the interests of affected communities should be pursued so that underrepresented voices can be heard.
Electricity and Magnetism for Mathematicians: A Guided Path from Maxwell's Equations to Yang-Mills

1. A brief history 2. Maxwell's equations 3. Electromagnetic waves 4. Special relativity 5. Mechanics and Maxwell's equations 6. Mechanics, Lagrangians, and the calculus of variations 7. Potentials 8. Lagrangians and electromagnetic forces 9. Differential forms 10. The Hodge * operator 11. The electromagnetic two-form 12. Some mathematics needed for quantum mechanics 13. Some quantum mechanical thinking 14. Quantum mechanics of harmonic oscillators 15. Quantizing Maxwell's equations 16. Manifolds 17. Vector bundles 18. Connections 19. Curvature 20. Maxwell via connections and curvature 21. The Lagrangian machine, Yang-Mills, and other forces.
Sex Differences in Developmental Plasticity in the Visual Cortex and Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus

Publisher Summary The size of the cortex and hippocampus are not constant within a sex but vary with the nature of the environment, especially the rearing environment. This chapter describes the dendritic parameters in the visual cortex and hippocampal dentate gyrus in both male and female hooded rats raised in either complex environment (EC) or isolation (IC). It also examines whether there are sex differences in the dendritic structure of these areas as well as possible sex differences in susceptibility to the differential environments. The results show that in both the visual cortex and dentate gyrus, the female rat brain is not merely a miniaturized version of the male brain. Patterns of sex differences in dendritic structure vary with the area of the brain, cell population, and rearing environment. Sex differences in these two brain areas are not absolute but vary with the rearing environment. In the visual cortex, males have more dendritic material than females in some neuronal populations, when both are raised in a stimulating environment while there are no sex differences in rats from the isolated environment. This pattern is reversed in the dentate gyrus, where isolated males have more dendritic material than isolated females while females have more dendrites after a stimulating environment than males. Therefore, sex differences exist in areas of the rat brain that are not directly involved with reproduction, but no simple generalizations can be made concerning their direction.