cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Provenance Model for the European Union General Data Protection Regulation

The European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has expanded data privacy regulations regarding personal data for over half a billion EU citizens. Given the regulation’s effectively global scope and its significant penalties for non-compliance, systems that store or process personal data in increasingly complex workflows will need to demonstrate how data were generated and used. In this paper, we analyze the GDPR text to explicitly identify a set of central challenges for GDPR compliance for which data provenance is applicable; we introduce a data provenance model for representing GDPR workflows; and we present design patterns that demonstrate how data provenance can be used realistically to help in verifying GDPR compliance. We also discuss open questions about what will be practically necessary for a provenance-driven system to be suitable under the GDPR.
Complication Rates and Downstream Medical Costs Associated With Invasive Diagnostic Procedures for Lung Abnormalities in the Community Setting.

Importance The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services added lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) as a Medicare preventive service benefit in 2015 following findings from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) that showed a 16% reduction in lung cancer mortality associated with LDCT. A challenge in developing and promoting a national lung cancer screening program is the high false-positive rate of LDCT because abnormal findings from thoracic imaging often trigger subsequent invasive diagnostic procedures and could lead to postprocedural complications. Objective To determine the complication rates and downstream medical costs associated with invasive diagnostic procedures performed for identification of lung abnormalities in the community setting. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective cohort study of non–protocol-driven community practices captured in MarketScan Commercial Claims & Encounters and Medicare supplemental databases was conducted. A nationally representative sample of 344 510 patients aged 55 to 77 years who underwent invasive diagnostic procedures between 2008 and 2013 was included. Main Outcomes and Measures One-year complication rates were calculated for 4 groups of invasive diagnostic procedures. The complication rates and costs were further stratified by age group. Results Of the 344 510 individuals aged 55 to 77 years included in the study, 174 702 comprised the study group (109 363 [62.6%] women) and 169 808 served as the control group (106 007 [62.4%] women). The estimated complication rate was 22.2% (95% CI, 21.7%-22.7%) for individuals in the young age group and 23.8% (95% CI, 23.0%-24.6%) for those in the Medicare group; the rates were approximately twice as high as those reported in the NLST (9.8% and 8.5%, respectively). The mean incremental complication costs were $6320 (95% CI, $5863-$6777) for minor complications to $56 845 (95% CI, $47 953-$65 737) for major complications. Conclusions and Relevance The rates of complications after invasive diagnostic procedures were higher than the rates reported in clinical trials. Physicians and patients should be aware of the potential risks of subsequent adverse events and their high downstream costs in the shared decision-making process.
Which Problem Are We Addressing Today? The Utility of a Multifaceted Formulation Approach to a Complex Case

A case of a 54-year-old woman with posttraumatic stress disorder, somatic delusions, and borderline personality disorder is presented by using psychodynamic, trauma-informed, and cognitive-behavior...
Mitigations: The Forgotten Side of the Proportionality Principle

In the first change to the Model Penal Code since its promulgation in 1962, the American Law Institute in 2017 set blameworthiness proportionality as the dominant distributive principle for criminal punishment. Empirical studies suggest that this is in fact the principle that ordinary people use in assessing proper punishment. Its adoption as the governing distributive principle makes good sense because it promotes not only the classic desert retributivism of moral philosophers but also crime-control utilitarianism, by enhancing the criminal law’s moral credibility with the community and thereby promoting deference, compliance, acquiescence, and internalization of its norms, rather than suffering the resistance and subversion that is provoked by perceived violations of blameworthiness proportionality. Such a principle has been commonly used as the basis for criticizing improper aggravations, such as the doctrines of felony murder and “three strikes,” but the principle also logically requires recognizing a full range of deserved mitigations, not as a matter of grace or forgiveness but as a matter of entitlement. And given ordinary people’s nuanced judgments about blameworthiness proportionality, maintaining moral credibility with the community requires that the criminal law adopt an equally nuanced system of mitigations. Such a nuanced system ideally would include reform of a wide variety of current law doctrines as well as, especially in the absence of such specific reforms, adoption of a general mitigation provision that aims for blameworthiness proportionality in all cases. Such a general mitigation ought not be limited to cases of “heat of passion” or limited to cases of murder, as today’s liability rules commonly provide. It ought to be available whenever the offense circumstances and the offender’s situation and capacities meaningfully reduce the offender’s blameworthiness, as long as giving the mitigation does not specially undermine community norms.
Racial Differences in Perioperative Opioid Utilization in Lumbar Decompression and Fusion Surgery for Symptomatic Lumbar Stenosis or Spondylolisthesis.

Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Objectives:To assess for racial differences in opioid utilization prior to and after lumbar fusion surgery for patients with lumbar stenosis or spondylolisthesis.Methods:Clinical records from patients with lumbar stenosis or spondylolisthesis undergoing primary <3-level lumbar fusion from 2007 to 2016 were gathered from a comprehensive insurance database. Records were queried by International Classification of Diseases diagnosis/procedure codes and insurance-specific generic drug codes. Opioid use 6 months prior, through 2 years after surgery was assessed. Multivariate regression analysis was employed to investigate independent predictors of opioid use following lumbar fusion.Results:A total of 13 257 patients underwent <3-level posterior lumbar fusion. The cohort racial distribution was as follows: 80.9% white, 7.0% black, 1.0% Hispanic, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% North American Native, 0.8% “Other,” and 9.8% “Unknown.” Overall, 57.8% patients utilized opioid medications pri...
Parts, Wholes, and Phenomenological Necessity

This chapter reconstructs the account of the organization of unified definite manifolds that Husserl developed in his early logic of parts and wholes. I argue that Husserl’s conception of necessity gets fixed through the logic of fitness that is operative in his account of unified definite manifolds that are organized by symmetrical part/whole relations. Husserl’s logical account of necessity finds its ultimate justification in his theory of intentionality and is operative in his phenomenological methodology generally. Through this conception of necessity of the way in which manifolds are unified and organized, Husserl radicalized and exploded the Kantian conception of the material a priori and distinguished among several kinds of a priori, e.g., the correlational a priori, a priori bound to the empirical, and pure material a priori. Husserl’s phenomenological account of the material a priori further clarifies the important differences with Kant’s approach to the problem of necessity.
Social Mobility: Mithraism and Cosmography in the 2nd-5th Centuries CE

Pragmatic cognitive science, rooted in Dewey's epistemology and models of distributed cognition, offers new hypotheses for the emergence and decline of the Mithraic rites. These models foreground the responsiveness of the rites to their economic and social environment, generating new form-meaning pairs through multimodal engagements inside the Mithraic caves. These moments of cognitive blending answered the needs of the early social catchment of the rites, which was predominantly freedmen and soldiers benefitting from the upward mobility of the thriving second century CE. Within the caves, multimodal engagements with the triumph of light over dark physical movement, imagery, gesture, role playing, and interaction with cult equipment - aligned the experience of the initiate with Mithras' cosmological triumph. The caves are also a confluence of mechanisms for social mobility that were broadly familiar in the imperial period, including patronage, symposia, engagement with exotic cultural forms and philosophical speculation. The decline of the rites was coincident with the dissolution of the economic opportunities that enabled the rise of the Roman middle class and of the social currency of these practices. The language of euergetism yielded to the language of service to the poor, and the cosmological imagery that characterized the caves shifted into the restricted spheres of exchange among competing princes. This model of the rites suggests dynamics with Christianity focused less on theology than on responsiveness to the economic and social transformations. On cover:Monks singing the Office and decorated initial A[sperges me.]. Gradual Olivetan Master (Use of the Olivetan Benedictines), illuminated manuscript on parchment ca. 1430-1439. Italy, Monastero di Santa Maria di Baggio near Milan, Ca 1400-1775.Beinecke Ms1184: The olivetan Gradual. Gradual. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
Associations of sociodemographic and clinical factors with gastrointestinal cancer risk assessment appointment completion.

Cancer risk assessment services are important for patient care; effective use requires appropriate provider referral, accurate scheduling processes, and completed attendance at booked appointments. Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with gastrointestinal cancer (GIC)-specific risk assessment appointments remain unstudied; therefore, we aimed to identify factors associated with appointment completion in a GIC risk assessment program at a tertiary academic center. Retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients scheduled for an appointment in the Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk Evaluation Program (GI-CREP) between January 2016 and December 2017. Data collected included demographic and clinical factors. Chi-square and Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests compared variables among patients based on the study outcome of whether a GI-CREP appointment was completed; marginal standardization was used to predict the standardized percentage of patients that had appointment completion. A total of 676 patients had a scheduled GI-CREP appointment; 32 individuals were excluded due to incomplete information or scheduling error, resulting in 644 patients available for final analysis. Our study population was predominantly female (61%), White (77%), and married (64%), had private healthcare insurance (76%), and lacked a personal history of cancer (60%). Referrals internal to the healthcare system were most common (77%), with gastroenterologists as the most frequent referring provider (42%). Seventy-five percent of scheduled individuals had appointment completion, while 25% of individuals did not. Independent predictors for an incomplete GI-CREP appointment included Medicaid insurance (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.21-4.28, p = .01), self-identified Black race (OR 1.97, 95% CI: 1.20-3.25, p = .008), and personal history of cancer (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.11-2.31, p = .01). These data highlight existing disparities in GIC risk assessment appointment completion associated with race, health insurance coverage, and medical status. Further studies of these areas are necessary to ensure equitable access to important GIC risk assessment services.
I cannot be the only one: creating a community of practice for outreach librarians

Public services librarians in every type of library often have programing, outreach, and/or marketing duties as part of their job descriptions, though these aspects may not be reflected in their po...
Patient and family social media use surrounding a novel treatment for a rare genetic disease: a qualitative interview study.

Advances in gene therapy and precision medicine have led to a growing number of novel treatments for rare genetic diseases. Patients/families may lack access to up-to-date, accurate, and relevant information about these treatments. Social media offers one potentially important resource for these communities. Our goal was to understand how patients/families with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)—a rare genetic condition—used social media to share, consume, and evaluate information about the novel treatment nusinersen (Spinraza) following the drug’s approval. We conducted qualitative, semistructured interviews with 20 SMA patients or parents of patients, deriving themes and subthemes through content and thematic network analysis. Participants also completed a demographic survey. Participants described leveraging social media to learn about nusinersen treatment, make informed treatment decisions, and advocate for/access treatment. They also described critically evaluating the trustworthiness of nusinersen-related information on social media and the privacy risks of social media use. Patients/families used social media to navigate the new and dynamic landscape of nusinersen treatment for SMA, while attempting to mitigate misinformation and privacy risks. As new treatments become available, providers and patients/families may benefit from proactively discussing social media use, so as to maximize important benefits while minimizing risks.
Machine Learning Aided 2D-3D Architectural Form Finding at High Resolution

In the past few years, more architects and engineers start thinking about the application of machine learning algorithms in the architectural design field such as building facades generation or floor plans generation, etc. However, due to the relatively slow development of 3D machine learning algorithms, 3D architecture form exploration through machine learning is still a difficult issue for architects. As a result, most of these applications are confined to the level of 2D. Based on the state-of-the-art 2D image generation algorithm, also the method of spatial sequence rules, this article proposes a brand-new strategy of encoding, decoding, and form generation between 2D drawings and 3D models, which we name 2D-3D Form Encoding WorkFlow. This method could provide some innovative design possibilities that generate the latent 3D forms between several different architectural styles. Benefited from the 2D network advantages and the image amplification network nested outside the benchmark network, we have significantly expanded the resolution of training results when compared with the existing form-finding algorithm and related achievements in recent years.
Growing Number of Leadership Programs and Courses Supports Professional Identity Formation

Through service and leadership, lawyers influence people and impact organizations and communities. Law students need to be aware of their opportunity for influence as part of their professional identity and they need to be prepared for the obligations of service that accompany the privilege of acquiring a law degree. The number of law schools with leadership development courses and programs has grown rapidly over the last ten years to: encourage law students to embrace their obligation to serve clients and society; better equip law students for positions of leadership and influence (including building relationships with clients); and inspire them to boldly seek opportunities to be difference-makers in their communities and the world. The movement to increase the development of lawyers’ professional identity also has grown during that time and will continue to advance with the proposed revisions to ABA Standard 303. The author discusses the important role of lawyers as leaders in society, examines the growth of the leadership-development movement, and offers thoughts about its relationship with the professional-identity movement. The author advocates that both professional identity and leadership development complement professional responsibility efforts and are essential to the education and training of modern law students.
Geruchsstoffe von extrudiertem Hafermehl, Veränderungen bei der Lagerung

Die Aromaextraktverdunmmgsanalyse von einem frischen Haferextrudat (HE) ergab 25 Geruchsstoffe, von denen Hexanal (I), Octanal,trans-2,3-Epoxyoctanal (II), (E,E)-2,4-Nonadienal (III), (E,E)-2,4-Decadienal (IV),trans-4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-decenal (V), 4-Hydroxy-2-nonensaurelacton (VI) und Vanillin (VII) hohe FD-Faktoren zeigten. Die Verbindungen I bis VI und Capronsaure (VIII), die bei der Lagerung von HE zunahmen, wurden durch Isotopenverdunnungsanalysen quantifiziert. Bei der Quellung von HE in Wasser wurde insbesondere VII freigesetzt, so das seine durch Extraktion mit Methylenchlorid erfaste Konzentration (mg/kg) von 0,09 auf 6,7 anstieg. Bei der Lagerung von HE in verschlossenen Beuteln bei 22 °C nahmen die Konzentrationen (mg/kg) von I und VIII zu: 0. Tag 0,5 I, 1,9 VIII; 35. Tag 1,2 I, 10,4 VIII; 1 Jahr 9,6 I, 11,3 VIII.
Combined Optimization and Inverse Design of 3-D Aerodynamic Shapes

The main drawback of using constrained optimization in 3-D aerodynamic shape design is that it requires anywhere from hundreds to tens of thousands of calls to a 3-D flow-field analysis code. Since certain general 3-D aerodynamic shape inverse design methodologies require only a few calls to a modified 3-D flow-field analysis code, it would be highly desirable to create a hybrid new design algorithm that would combine some of the best features of both approaches while requiring less computing time than a few dozen calls to the 3-D flow-field analysis code. We will discuss two such hybrid design formulations that have been proven to work and are distinctly different from each other.
On Bergman's Integration Method in Two-Dimensional Compressible Fluid Flow

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a new method of using the theory of analytic functions in problems of partial differential equations of elliptic type. The application of this method to the theory of compressible fluid flow has been the subject matter of numerous papers and classified reports. It presents a straightforward procedure for the integration of Chaplygin's equation, based on Bergman's general method. No previous knowledge or familiarity with more general developments is required. The discussion is carried up to the very threshold of numerical computation. Particular attention is given to the determination of the exact limits of the domain of convergence, from the theoretical as well as from the practical point of view. It has been shown by Chaplygin that if the isentropic condition is approximated by a linear relation between p (pressure) and 1/p (reciprocal density) the compressible fluid equation in the hodograph plane reduces to the Laplace equation. The execution of this idea is known as the Karman-Tsien method. The integrals can be given in a closed form if the precise isentropic condition is replaced by an approximation of a definite form. Since this form admits one arbitrary constant in addition to those appearing in the linear relation, a closer approximation to reality is possible in this way.
Caroline Corbeau-Parsons, Prometheus in the Nineteenth Century: From Myth to Symbol

Review by Harriet Hustis (The College of New Jersey) of Caroline Corbeau-Parsons, Prometheus in the Nineteenth Century: From Myth to Symbol . Legenda Studies in Comparative Literature. London: Modern Humanities Research Association and Maney Publishing, 2013. Pp. 196. £45. ISBN 9781907975523.
BPX TF coil finite element analysis

Finite element analysis (FEA) technology was used to simulate and study the integrity of the BPX (Burning Plasma Experiment) toroidal field (TF) coil structure. Distinctive features of the various models are described as well as electromagnetic loads, thermal, and nuclear heating profiles. A series of FEA simulations of the TF coil was developed from the original scoping models, to the present more elaborate design phase models, with relative ease. The largest model, the Level II, runs on the CRAY2 in less than 700 CPU secs in the geometric nonlinear mode. This model is composed of 80 CQUAD, 569 GAP, 1568 HEXA, and 80 PENTA elements with 3320 nodal points. Comparison of the various overall results from Level I to Level II shows that the models predict the same general TF coil core and case structural behavior. therefore, using this study strategy is highly recommended for future tokamak devices since a scoping model can be developed to examine various coil/case options quickly. >
Snap-DAS: A vision-based driver assistance system on a Snapdragon TM embedded platform

In the recent years, mobile computing platforms are becoming increasingly cheaper and yet more powerful in terms of computational resources. Automobiles provide a suitable environment to deploy such mobile platforms in order to provide low cost driver assistance systems. In this paper, we propose Snap-DAS which is a vision-based driver assistance system that is implemented on a SnapdragonTM embedded platform. A forward facing camera combined with the SnapdragonTM platform constitute Snap-DAS. The compute efficient implementation of the LASeR lane estimation algorithm in [1] is exploited to implement a set of lane related functions on Snap-DAS, which include lane drift warning and lane change event detection. A detailed evaluation is performed on live data and Snap-DAS is also field tested on freeways. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of using Snap-DAS for analyzing drives for online naturalistic driving studies.
Lignans of Ulmus thomasii heartwood—II : Lignans related to thomasic acid☆

Abstract Three disyringyl lignans closely related to thomasic acid (I) have been isolated from aqueous extracts of the heartwood of Ulmus thomasii Sarg. These are thomasidioic acid (II), racemic lyoniresinol (III) and (+)-lyoniresinol-2α-O-rhamnoside (IV). Correlation of I and II with lyoniresinol proves that the series has trans stereochemistry in the 1,2-positions. Also isolated were 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-2-naphthoic acid and 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone.
Incidence of Adjacent Segment Disease Requiring Reoperation After Lumbar Laminectomy Without Fusion: A Study of 398 Patients

BACKGROUND Adjacent segment disease (ASD) has not been described after laminectomy without fusion. OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of ASD after a 1- or 2-level lumbar laminectomy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all patients who underwent 1- or 2-level, bilateral lumbar laminectomy without fusion for degenerative spinal disease (all follow-up ≥1 year). ASD was defined as clinical and/or radiographic evidence of degenerative spinal disease that required reoperation at the level above or below the index laminectomy. RESULTS Of the 398 patients, the incidence of ASD requiring reoperation was 10%. The 39 ASD cases were almost equally distributed at L2-L3 (31%), L3-L4 (26%), and L5-S1 (31%), and to a lesser extent at L4-L5 (15%) (P = .51). The ASD incidences of 10% and 9% were equivalent after a 1- and 2-level laminectomy, respectively (P = .76). Rostral ASD was statistically more common than caudal ASD after both the 1- (P < .001) and 2- (P < .001) level laminectomy. Of the 39 ASD cases, 95% required laminectomy, 26% discectomy, and 49% fusion. Average time to ASD was 4 years. After a Kaplan-Meier analysis, time to reoperation for ASD was equivalent among the 1- and 2-level laminectomy cohorts (log-rank test, P = .13). CONCLUSION The cumulative incidence of ASD requiring reoperation was 10% over a mean of 4 years. Both the 1- and 2-level laminectomy cohorts experienced equivalent incidences and rates of ASD. Of the 39 operations for ASD, about half required a fusion.
Facial Expression Recognition: A Survey

Abstract Automatic facial expression recognition system has many applications including, but not limited to, human behavior understanding, detection of mental disorders, and synthetic human expressions. Two popular methods utilized mostly in the literature for the automatic FER systems are based on geometry and appearance. Even though there is lots of research using static images, the research is still going on for the development of new methods which would be quiet easy in computation and would have less memory usage as compared to previous methods. This paper presents a quick survey of facial expression recognition. A comparative study is also carried out using various feature extraction techniques on JAFFE dataset.
3-deaza-adenosine inhibition of stimulus-response coupling in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

In an effort to define better the functional role of S-adenosyl-methlonlne-mediated methylation reactions in modulating polymorphonuclear (PMN) functional responses to chemotactic stimuli, we InvestIgated the effects of 3-deaza-adenoslne (3-DZA), a known InhIbitor of methylation reactions in phagocytic cells, on formyl methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP)-induced responses In human PMN leukocytes. Using the fluorescent cyanine dye 3,3’-dlpropylthlocarbocyanlne (dI-S-C3-(5)) as an optical probe of membrane potentIal we observed that 3-DZA at concentrations that inhibit FMLP-lnduced 02 productIon does not sIgnificantly after FMLP-lnduced changes in transmembrane potential. Additional studIes showed an inhibitory effect of 3-DZA on FMLP-Induced PMN plnocytosls and to a lesser degree on FMLP-Induced degranulation. However, pretreatment of PMNs with 3-DZA dId not after FMLP-induced changes in QuIn-2 fluorescence, an indicator of changes In Intracellular calcium levels. These findIngs demonstrate a dissociation between chemotactic factor-induced cell membrane depolarizatIon, changes In intracellular calcium, and specific neutrophil functIonal responses and suggest that chemotactic factor-induced changes in transmembrane potentIal and intracellular calcium are Independent of chemotactic factor-induced methylatlon reactions. Furthermore, 3-DZA did not after phorbol myristate acetate induced 0; production or fluid pinocytosis indicating a stimulus specificity for the Inhibitory effects of this agent on 0; production.
Calcification of porcine bioprosthesis implanted into human heart: high resolution scanning electron microscopic and scanning tunneling microscopic investigation

High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) combined with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to investigate the calcification mechanism occurring in the porcine bioprostheses implanted into the human heart. Eleven explanted porcine heart valves obtained during open heat surgery were prepared for HR-SEM and STM observations. HR-SEM examinations of all explanted valves with secondary and backscattered electron imaging revealed abnormal accumulation of calcium in various shapes and sizes on the defective valve surface and in the underlying basement membrane. Calcific deposits were consistently observed within the pinhole defects on the valve surface and in the subsurface structures of the valve tissues along the surface defects. In addition, calcium-containing crystals were often present just underneath the disrupted valve surface. STM examinations also showed that calcific deposits were frequently accumulated in or around the pinhole defects on the valve surface. Thus, STM findings were compatible with HR-SEM observations. In view of the occurrence of calcific deposits in the vicinity of the surface defects on the valve tissue and frequent observation of calcific spots and crystals in the subsurface structures just beneath the defective valve surface, our results prove the hypothesis that alteration of the valve surface is an important factor for calcification occurring in the implanted bioprosthetic heart valves.
Diminishing Returns from Mutation Supply Rate in Asexual Populations

Mutator genotypes with increased mutation rates may be especially important in microbial evolution if genetic adaptation is generally limited by the supply of mutations. In experimental populations of the bacterium Escherichia coli , the rate of evolutionary adaptation was proportional to the mutation supply rate only in particular circumstances of small or initially well-adapted populations. These experiments also demonstrate a “speed limit” on adaptive evolution in asexual populations, one that is independent of the mutation supply rate.
Hole superconductivity in Nd2 − zCezCuO4

Abstract The reclassification of Nd 2 − z Ce z CuO 4 from an electron superconductor to a hole superconductor is suggested by simple valence and electrostatics arguments: In Nd 2 − z Ce z CuO 4 , isolated Ce substituting for Nd is not an electron donor; the proposed actual dopant is a defect-complex of Ce and interstitial oxygen which provides holes, making Nd 2 − z Ce z CuO 4 a hole superconductor.
Alliances in Industrial Purchasing: The Determinants of Joint Action in Buyer-Supplier Relationships:

Recent trends in industrial markets indicate that buyers and sellers are increasingly supplanting conventional “arm's length” arrangements with “alliances” involving closer ties. The authors develo...
Tin and lead derivatives of tetrakis(dimethoxyboryl)methane

Abstract Treatment of tetrakis(dimethoxyboryl)methane, C[B(OMe) 2 ] 4 , with lithium methoxide or butyllithium followed by triphenyltin chloride yields (triphenylstannyl)tris(dimethoxyboryl)methane, Ph 3 SnC[B(OMe) 2 ] 3 , which on further treatment with butyllithium disproportionates to form bis(triphenylstannyl)bis(dimethoxyboryl)methane, (Ph 3 Sn) 2 C[B(OMe) 2 ] 2 . The analogous monolead compound proved too base-sensitive to isolate, and only bis(triphenylplumbyl)bis(dimethoxyboryl)methane, (Ph 3 Pb) 2 C[B(OMe) 2 ] 2 , was obtained from C[B(OMe) 2 ] 4 , BuLi, and Ph 3 PbCl. A brief study of protodeboronation and other reactions of these compounds has been carried out.
N-(6-Aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide(W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, also inhibits phospholipid-sensitive calcium-dependent protein kinase.

Abstract N -(6-Aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), commonly regared as a calmodulin antagonist, inhibted phospholipid-sensitive Ca 2+ -dependent protein kinase and to a lesser extent cyclic GMP- and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases. Kinetic studies of the inhibition of the homogenous spleen phospholipid-sensitive Ca 2+ -dependent protein kinase indicated that W-7 inhibited the enzyme activity competitively with respect to phospholipid ( K i = 60 μ M). N -(6-Aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-5) was found to be musch less potent than W-7. The findings indicate that W-6 was able to inhibit a variety of protein kinases, in addition to those requiring calmodulin previously reported.
Counting to 20: Online Implementation of a Face-to-Face, Elementary Mathematics Methods Problem-Solving Activity

This study describes implementation of the same problem-solving activity in both online and face-to-face environments. The activity, done in the first class period or first module of a K-2 mathematics methods course, was initially used in a face-to-face class and then adapted later for use in an online class. While the task was originally designed for the face-to-face course, it is not the case that it is fully useful there and less useful in the online version. Rather, each context privileges different ideas about teaching and learning mathematics. Possibilities to address the challenges of each environment are considered with emphasis on task structure and the role of the instructor.
Inhibition of the functional interaction between fatty acid synthetase and thioesterase II by modification of a single cysteine thiol on the thioesterase.

Abstract Medium-chain S -acyl fatty acid synthetase thioester hydrolase (thioesterase II), a discrete, monomeric, serine active-site enzyme, modifies the product specificity of the de novo lipogenic pathway by hydrolyzing the thioester bond linking the growing acyl chain to the 4′-phosphopantetheine of the fatty acid synthetase. The mechanism of interaction of thioesterase II and fatty acid synthetase has been studied by probing the thioesterase with sulfhydryl-modifying reagents. Modification of a single cysteine thiol with 5,5′-dithiobisnitrobenzoate destroyed the ability of thioesterase II to catalyze hydrolysis of s -acyl fatty acid synthetase thioesters but had no effect on the ability of the enzyme to hydrolyze the model substrate, decanoyl- s -pantetheine. The inhibition was readily reversed on removal of the thionitrobenzoate moiety from the thioesterase with dithiothreitol. The results of kinetic experiments indicated that loss of the capacity of the thioesterase to hydrolyze the natural substrate could be attributed to an inability of the 5,5′-dithiobisnitrobenzoate-modified enzyme to bind to the fatty acid synthetase. Modification of the same cysteine thiol with methyl methanethiolsulfonate did not affect the ability of thioesterase II to hydrolyze either the natural or model substrates. The results are interpreted to indicate that cysteine thiol, remote from the catalytic activesite serine residue, is present on a binding domain of the thioesterase which interfaces with the fatty acid synthetase. Modification of this thiol with the large thionitrobenzoate moiety, but not with the small CH 3 S- moiety, inhibits the functional interaction either by steric hindrance or by perturbation of the polypeptide configuration at the binding domain.
Mucous secretions of the acoel turbellarian Convoluta sp. Ørsted: An ecological and functional approach

The functional roles of the mucous secretions from the frontal organ and epidermal glands of the acoel turbellarian Convoluta sp. VOrsted were investigated. Experiments that tested choice of the animals between sand previously exposed to Convoluta sp. (natural sand) and acid-cleaned sand resulted in the preferential choice of Convoluta sp. for natural sand (Z = 2.45; P < 0.05). Since the animals were distributed gregariously in their natural environment (Morisita index, Iδ = 2.36; F = 20.19; P < 0.05), it is proposed that mucus is involved in this observed spatial distribution pattern by acting as an attractive signal to conspecifics. It was further found that these mucous secretions agglutinate sediment particles into an interstitial system of tunnels and trails, thus promoting the stabilization of the sediment. Secreted mucus significantly enhanced the growth rate of at least one of the acoel's food items, the diatom Nitzschiacurvilineata Hustedt (U = 25; P < 0.05).
SEMICLASSICS OF THE QUANTUM CURRENT

We give the semi–classical asymptotics of the quntum current in 2 cases: First fro T>0 (T is the absolute temperatur). Here we get a complete asymptotices. Then for T=0. Here it vanishes to the accessible orders.
Histochemical demonstration for the release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic nerves in the cat spleen

Le developpment de fluorescence diffuse provoquee dans les cellules lisses, les trabecules et le tissue elastique par la stimulation des nerfs spleniques du chat pendant l'occlusion, est tenu pour evidence directe de la liberation de noradrenaline provenant de nerfs sympathiques.
Multiple scattering Sunyaev–Zeldovich signal – II. Relativistic effects

We study the multiple scattering Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signature, extending our previous analysis to high-temperature clusters. We consistently treat the anisotropy of the ambient radiation field caused by the first scattering and also consider lowest order kinematic terms. We show that due to temperature corrections monopole through octupole anisotropy of the singly scattered SZ signal attain different spectra in the second scattering. The difference becomes more pronounced at high temperature, and thus could be used to constrain individual line of sight moments of the electron density and temperature profiles. While very challenging from the observational point of view, this further extends the list of possible SZ observables that will be important for 3D cluster-profile reconstruction, possibly helping to break geometric degeneracies caused by projection effects. We also briefly discuss the scattering of primordial CMB anisotropies by SZ clusters.
Differential expression of thrombospondin 1, 2, and 3 during murine development

Thrombospondin 1 is a secreted, trimeric glycoprotein that mediates interactions between cells and extracellular matrix and exhibits cell-specific effects on migration and proliferation. Recently, two additional thrombospondin genes (thrombospondin 2 and 3) have been identified. To study the functions of these proteins, we have used in situ hybridization and RNAse protection assays to compare the expression of the genes encoding thrombospondin 1, 2, and 3 during murine embryogenesis. Thrombospondin mRNAs were associated with ossification, neuronal organogenesis, and lung development, although transcripts were differentially expressed. Thrombospondin 1 was predominant from days 10 to 13. During this period, high but transient levels of expression were observed in the neural tube, head mesenchyme, and cardiac cushions. In contrast, a more constant level of thrombospondin 1 mRNA was apparent in resident megakaryocytes of the liver, as well as in circulating megakaryocytes; neither thrombospondin 2 nor 3 was detected in these cells. Thrombospondin 1 was also produced by cells of the developing kidney and gut. The expression of thrombospondin 2 was confined principally to organized connective tissue that included pericardium, pleura, perichondrium, periosteum, meninges, ligaments, and reticular dermis. Thrombospondin 2 was also produced by differentiating skeletal myoblasts and by cells of the kidney and gut. Moreover, high levels of expression were detected in blood vessels. Thrombospondin 3 mRNA was restricted to brain, cartilage, and lung. Although thrombospondin 1, 2, and 3 belong to a family of structurally related genes, the differences observed in the spatiotemporal distribution of the corresponding mRNAs indicate unique functions for these secreted proteins.
Effect of initial flaw shape on crack extension in orthotropic composite materials

An analytical study is presented showing the effects of the notch tip geometry on the location and direction of crack growth from an existing notch in a unidirectional fibrous composite modelled as a homogeneous, anisotropic, elastic material. Anisotropic elasticity and the normal stress ratio theory are used to study crack growth from elliptical notches in unidirectional composites. Sharp cracks, circular holes, and ellipses are studied under far-field tension and shear loading. Limited comparisons are made showing good correlation with experimental results.
Polyreactive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: Implications for systemic autoimmunity in progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Two myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG92–106) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced from an A.SW mouse with progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Polyreactivity/specificity of the mAbs was demonstrated by ELISA. Functionality and a potential role in pathogenesis of systemic autoimmunity were demonstrated in vitro in a lymphocytotoxicity assay and in vivo upon injection into naive mice. Injection of MOG mAb producing hybridomas into naive mice resulted in immunoglobulin deposition in kidneys and liver. This model will be useful in determining whether transitional forms between CNS (organ)-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases exist, and whether progressive multiple sclerosis has features of a systemic autoimmune disease.
Problem solving therapy for the depression-executive dysfunction syndrome of late life.

SUMMARY Background The ‘depression executive dysfunction syndrome’ afflicts a considerable number of depressed elderly patients and may be resistant to conventional pharmacotherapy. Non-pharmacological approaches addressing their behavioral deficits may reduce disability and experienced stress and improve depression. Methods This paper focuses on problem solving therapy (PST) because it targets concrete problems that can be understood by patients with executive dysfunction and trains patients to address them using an easy to comprehend structured approach. Results We suggest that PST is a suitable treatment for patients with the depression-executive dysfunction syndrome because it has been found effective in uncomplicated geriatric major depression and in other psychiatric disorders accompanied by severe executive dysfunction. Furthermore, PST can address specific clinical features of depressed patients with executive dysfunction, especially when modified to address difficulties with affect regulation, initiation and perseveration. Conclusions A preliminary study suggests that appropriately modified PST improves problem solving skills, depression and disability in elderly patients with the depression-executive dysfunction syndrome of late life. If these findings are confirmed, PST may become a therapeutic option for a large group of depressed elderly patients likely to be drug resistant. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heart rate biofeedback and cold pressor pain.

This study addressed the relative contributions of self-regulated heart rate change and belief that heart rate is changing in an instructed direction to the perception of cold pressor pain. Forty male volunteers were each assigned to one of four combinations of increase or decrease heart rate instructions and increase or decrease feedback conditions. Subjects were given an initial 45-sec cold pressor test, 25 feedback trials, and a final cold pressor in which they were told to change their heart rate in the instructed direction, but without the aid of feedback. Subjects were instructed specifically that increased heart rate was associated with increased pain and decreased heart rate with decreased pain. The veridical groups (consistent instructions and feedback) showed appropriate heart rate changes during biofeedback training and parallel changes in heart rate and pain perception during the final cold pressor. The non-veridical (reverse) feedback groups showed no heart rate change during biofeedback training and no relationship between heart rate and pain perception changes during the final cold pressor test. EMG, respiration, and skin conductance data are presented, and several mechanisms are proposed to explain the physiological and subjective changes.
A TENANT VACANCY MODEL

A stochastic model of the vacancy/occupancy pattern of a collection of rental units (a building) is used to obtain expressions relating vacancy rates to measurable market parameters. The model is well known in queueing theory, but yields new insigts when interpreted in the above context. By investigating the effects of the number of units, the mixture of units, and the “start-up” time, one can obtain a number of useful principles with implications for public and private planning.
The Sunflower High-oleic Mutant Ol Carries Variable Tandem Repeats of FAD2-1, a Seed-specific Oleoyl-phosphatidyl Choline Desaturase

Ol, a chemically induced, incompletely dominant mutation, greatly increases oleic acid and is correlated with greatly reduced expression of a seed-specific oleoyl-phosphatidyl choline desaturase (FAD2-1) in developing seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). FAD2-1 is duplicated in high-oleic (mutant) strains and cosegregates with Ol. Codominant RFLP markers have been developed for FAD2-1 and are diagnositic for the Ol mutation; however, the structure of the mutant FAD2-1 locus is unknown and polymorphic sequence-tagged-site (STS) DNA markers have not been developed for FAD2-1. The mutant was discovered to carry tandem repeats of FAD2-1 separated by a 2.67 kb intergenic region. The upstream repeat (FAD2-1U) carries a 1.69 kb intron in the 5′UTR, whereas the downstream repeat (FAD2-1D) is missing the first 1.54 kb of the 5′UTR and intron. Other than the deletion in FAD2-1D, no DNA polymorphisms were identified between wildtype and mutant FAD2-1 alleles among elite oilseed inbred lines. We developed dominant INDEL markers diagnostic for presence or absence of the Ol mutation (tandem FAD2-1 repeats) by targeting DNA sequences upstream of FAD2-1D, identified 49 SNPs and five INDELs (two haplotypes) in DNA sequences downstream of FAD2-1 in the wildtype and FAD2-1U in the mutant, identified polymorphic [AT]n and [GT]n repeats in the 3′UTR of FAD2-1, and developed codominant SSR and INDEL markers for FAD2-1. Novel FAD2-1 alleles found in exotic low-oleic genotypes could be introgressed into elite low-oleic genotypes to facilitate marker-assisted selection of Ol in mid- and high-oleic sunflower breeding programs.
Canonical Word Order of Japanese Ditransitive Sentences: A Preliminary Investigation through a Grammaticality Judgment Survey

There have been three competing analyses regarding the canonical word order of Japanese ditransitive sentences: a) “S- ga IO- ni DO- o V” is the canonical word order rather than “S- ga DO- o IO- ni V”, b) both word orders are canonical, and c) the canonical word order depends on the type of the verb. The present study attempted to examine which of the three analyses might be most plausible through a grammaticality judgment survey. Twenty-seven native speakers of Japanese responded to a survey which consisted of three sections. While the data from one of the sections conformed to analysis a) above, the results of the two other sections remained inconclusive. A future study with a larger number of items and more refined survey methods, along with more studies from structural and psycholinguistic perspectives, would be necessary to clarify the point.
Heat transfer mechanisms in pool boiling

Abstract Pool boiling is a heat transfer mechanism carrying a phase transition from liquid to vapor. However, the exact characteristics of pool boiling are obscure because of the lack of the theoretical approach method. We have proposed a statistical thermodynamic heat transfer theory which is applicable to the heat transfer mechanisms of both conduction and internal convection. We here apply the heat transfer theory to pool boiling as an explicit illustration to understand the kinetics of phase transition mechanisms at the interface of two different phase materials. Three variable separation constants stand for particle number constants and play the key roles in exploiting the distinct boiling mechanisms. The theory accounts for the four boiling mechanisms of natural convection, nucleate boiling, transition boiling, and film boiling in pool boiling. It is able to match heat fluxes in wide ranges of temperature, time, and space. Particularly, the heat flux curve is sketched as a function of excess temperature between wall temperature and saturation temperature in the four regimes. Three limiting heat fluxes and four activation temperatures are employed as input parameters. Theoretical heat flux–temperature curves agree with experimental heat flux profiles in a significantly broader range of temperature than those from any existing theories.
Purification, properties, and isozyme pattern of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase from calf liver.

Abstract Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase was purified approximately 2000-fold from calf liver with a yield of 15%. The purification procedure involved ammonium sulfate fractionation, calcium phosphate-gel adsorption, and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, hydroxylapatite, and Sephadex columns. The purified product demonstrated five protein bands on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Each band had transferase activity as five peaks of activity were observed on preparative polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase showed no requirement for divalent metals for activity. In contrast, it was inhibited by Mg2+ and other divalent metals. The purified enzyme but not the crude preparation was stimulated by sulfhydryl compounds. The enzyme was completely inhibited by low concentrations of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate.