cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Forgotten Money Heist: The 1746 Mission of Nadir Shah’s Chief Merchant in Russia Revisited

This present article examines aspects of Iran’s trade and diplomatic relations with Imperial Russia during the reign of the Afsharid Nadir Shah (r. 1735–1747) focusing on a previously unpublished l...
Role of Non-Verbal Communication In Education

Educators rely on verbal communication as a central tool for providing students with valuable information for academicdevelopment. Our daily nonverbal behaviors reveal who we are and impact how we relate to other people. Nonverbalcommunication has implication for the teacher as well as the learner. It is often said that one can always recognize a languageteacher by their use of gesture in normal conversation. Feldman (1990) asserts that research regarding the use of non-verbalcues in education demonstrates that educators often send messages regarding their expectations via non-verbal cues such asfacial expressions and overall body language. These nonverbal cues, according to Feldman, can have a notable impact onoutcomes for student response and behavior. With the realization that non-verbal communication can play such an importantrole in the process of education, there is a direct impetus to further examine this issue. Using this as a foundation forinvestigation, the current research considers the issue of non-verbal communication between students and teachers in thecontext of mitigating and managing conflict. By understanding these cues, educators can work to improve outcomes whenconflict arises with a student in the classroom.
X chromosome inactivation in the human placenta is patchy and distinct from adult tissues

One of the X chromosomes in genetic females is silenced by a process called X chromosome inactivation (XCI). Variation in XCI across the placenta may contribute to observed sex differences and variability in pregnancy outcomes. However, XCI has predominantly been studied in human adult tissues. Here we sequenced and analyzed DNA and RNA from two locations from 30 full-term pregnancies. Implementing an allele specific approach to examine XCI, we report evidence that XCI in the human placenta is patchy, with large patches of either silenced maternal or paternal X chromosomes. Further, using similar measurements, we show that this is in contrast to adult tissues, which generally exhibit mosaic X-inactivation, where bulk samples exhibit both maternal and paternal X chromosome expression. Further, by comparing skewed samples in placenta and adult tissues, we identify genes that are uniquely silenced or expressed in the placenta compared to adult tissues highlighting the need for tissue-specific maps of XCI.
Black desire: Black-centric youthtopias as critical race educational praxis

Through the conception of Black desire, a Black-specific rendering of Eve Tuck’s researching for desire, I argue that educational research lacking critiques of antiblackness can cultivate damage-ce...
Open government data portals: Predictors of site engagement among early users of Health Data NY

Abstract A key premise of open government data (OGD) policies is enhanced engagement between government and the public. However, it is not well understood who the users of OGD are, how to tailor OGD content, and which communities to target for outreach. We examined users' engagement with Health Data NY, New York's health oriented OGD portal, to understand user characteristics associated with increased site engagement. We used Google Analytics data to classify four site engagement metrics into high versus low engagement and used logistic regression to test associations between higher site engagement and gender, age group, device type, and consumer interest. We found that being in a younger age bracket, male, a desktop user, and a Technophile are associated with higher engagement. The findings contribute to further understanding OGD initiatives and consumer health information behavior. More broadly, we demonstrate how OGD managers can leverage their web analytics data to understand which users are most engaged, thereby enabling them to better target their content.
Variations in Horizontal Density Gradient Forcing at the Mouth of an Estuary

Puget Sound is a fjord-like estuary in which bottom-water intrusions are a dominant circulation feature that play a major role in the replacement of water below sill depth within the estuary. New observations on the inside and outside of the entrance sill show that while intrusions occur during neap tides as previously thought, the onset of the intrusions occurs before the minimum in the neap tides. Calculations using a model with a balance between the longitudinal pressure gradient and vertical mixing suggest the onset is influenced by fluctuations in the horizontal density gradient caused by salinity variations across the sill. They also show that the resultant bottom inflow can be further modified by strong surface winds. Deep salinity changes seaward of the sill in the Strait of Juan de Fuca estuary appear to be the result of storms on the Pacific coast causing reversals of surface flow and variations in deep flow more than 135 km from the coast. Although Puget Sound is a glacially carved estuary, flow over the entrance sill in Admiralty Inlet has characteristics which resemble coastal plain estuaries; thus, these studies may have more general applications to time variations in lower layer flow at the mouth of other estuaries.
Mapping the ankyrin-binding site of the human erythrocyte anion exchanger.

Abstract This report describes initial efforts to map the ankyrin-binding site of the cytoplasmic domain of the human erythrocyte anion exchanger. The conclusions are that this site is likely to involve a fairly extended sequence in the midregion of the cytoplasmic domain and requires interactions that are not provided by isolated peptides. The region of the sequence involving residues 174-186 is likely to participate in the ankyrin-binding site based on several experiments. Limited tryptic cleavage in the midregion of the cytoplasmic domain (residues 174 and/or 181) nearly abolished the ability of the cytoplasmic domain to inhibit binding of ankyrin to the anion exchanger. Ankyrin protected the cytoplasmic domain from tryptic digestion. Finally, peptide-specific antibodies against the sequence encompassing the site(s) of tryptic cleavage (residues 174-186) blocked binding of ankyrin to the anion exchanger. However, the sequence comprising the tryptic site is not sufficient for high affinity binding of ankyrin. A 39-amino acid peptide (residues 161-200) that includes the tryptic cleavage site(s) was inactive in inhibiting binding of ankyrin to the anion exchanger. Further evidence for a complex ankyrin-binding site is that peptide-specific antibodies against two different, noncontiguous regions (residues 118-162 and 174-186) both inhibited binding of ankyrin to the anion exchanger and were only 10-20% as effective as antibody against the entire cytoplasmic domain. Finally, the ankyrin-binding site of the anion exchanger did not renature following sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and transfer to nitrocellulose paper even though spectrin did recover ability to bind ankyrin under the same conditions. Thus, the ankyrin-binding site is not defined by a short continuous sequence. A simple consensus sequence for ankyrin-binding regions in other proteins is not likely.
The well sibling: challenges and possibilities

The impact on the family of a child with serious mental illness or some other form of disability has been well documented by many authors. Contributing to this impact is society's attitude to mental disabilities, which has been ambivalent and marginalizing at best and shunning at worst. Because of this, individuals and families dealing with mental disabilities tend to become isolated. Further, onset of mental illness often causes disruption of the family's life cycle and profoundly affects the sibling relationship. This paper will consider the nature of the impact of the ill child on the siblings and propose some ways to address and manage the powerful reactions of well siblings in fostering a more satisfying individual and family adjustment and in preventing problems for the well sibling and future generations.
Cult of the machine

By any standard, Ernest Lawrence was a giant of American physics. At the center of Lawrence's world was the circular particle accelerator he invented, dubbed the "cyclotron." Around this initially humble creation, Lawrence built an empire of labor and of funding and a new way of doing physics. In his review of Big Science , Alex Wellerstein offers readers a glimpse into the life and career of the controversial physicist-- from his seemingly remorseless exploitation of cheap graduate student labor to his zealous support for the atomic bomb.
Cognitive conflict and negotiation support: a reconceptualization

The author points out that extant research on cognitive conflict has largely taken a cue integration perspective. He argues for a broader view of cognitive conflict based on the processes of cue discovery in naturalistic environments. A series of simulations are conducted for determining a priori expectations about the extent of conflict under different configurations of cue integration and cue discovery. The author discusses the efficacy of decision support in resolving cognitive conflict, and reports a simulation comparing two different forms of decision support. The findings have implications for group work and group coordination. >
The relationship between lamellar-type cytosomes, DOPA decarboxylase, and lateral ciliary activity of the oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin): Response to salinity change

Abstract Lamellar transformations of cytosomes, DOPA decarboxylase and lateral ciliary activity were measured in neuronal components and/or ctenidia of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin). Prolonged exposure to light, anoxic conditions, EGTA (a calcium chelator), and exogenous perfusion of dopamine (a cilioinhibitory neurotransmitter) increases the frequency of lamellar type cytosomes. This is accompanied by decreases in enzymatic activity and a lateral cilioinhibition. Prolonged periods of darkness, electrical stimulation of the branchial nerve and exogenous perfusion of serotonin (a cilioexcitatory neurotransmitter) reduces the conversion of lamellar type configurations, increases enzymatic activity and produces a lateral cilioexcitation. Salinity changes that produce an increase to higher acclimation values result in a gradual decrease in the number of lamellar configurations with a subsequent increase in enzymatic activity and lateral cilioexcitation. The magnitude of the lateral cilioexcitation-cilioinhibition and decarboxylase activity is directly related to the number of lamellar conversions.
Changes in plasma volume after positive intravenous loads of lithium chloride.

Abstract Lithium ions are rapidly distributed throughout body water after their intravenous infusion into dogs. Despite the greater relative hydration of the lithium ion compared to that of the sodium ion, lithium loads fail to expand plasma volume. Indeed, such loads were uniformly associated with a reduction in plasma volume. The reduction in plasma volume incident to the intravenous infusion of solutions of lithium chloride is attributed to the loss of extracellular water which accompanies the lithium ions entering cells.
The role of computerized tomography-myelography in a patient with spontaneous intracranial hypotension from multiple cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

Objectives: To describe a patient with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) secondary to multiple sites of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, a rarely described phenomenon. To compare computerized tomography-myelography with radionuclide cisternography as confirmatory diagnostic aids in SIH. Methods: A patient with SIH had transient or no response to 2 thoracic epidural blood patches. A computerized tomography-myelography showed bilateral CSF leaks at T11-T12 and T12-L1 levels and on the left side of T10-T11. Results: A left paramedian epidural blood patch was performed at T12-L1 under fluoroscopy guidance. Injection of 1 mL dye showed confinement of the dye at the left Tl 1-L1 epidural space. The patient had 90% to 95% relief of her headache and complete relief at 4 months. She was asymptomatic 1 year after the last epidural blood patch. Conclusions: In a patient with SIH, a computerized tomography-myelography should be performed if an initial epidural blood patch is ineffective. This is to show the vertebral level and site(s) of CSF leak and to guide the physician to the ideal vertebral level for the epidural blood patch.
Selection of patients and choice of operation for orbital decompression in graves ophthalmopathy.

Until the fundamental cause of the orbital problem associated with Graves' disease is better understood and can be prevented or reversed, some patients will need palliative orbital decompression. Of the available methods of orbital enlargement, the transantral ethmoidal decompression and the transfrontal operation seem most useful because of the amount of bone that can be removed by either approach. Transantral decompression is an appropriate operation for those patients with serious bilateral disease who would otherwise be treated systemically with corticosteroids. It also is of value as a preliminary step to extraocular muscle surgery after the orbital process has stabilized in those patients with exophthalmos and extraocular muscle myopathy and diplopia. Cosmetic decompression by this route is practical but total rehabilitation may also require upper lid and rectus muscle surgery. Forty patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy were treated by transantral decompression in the period July, 1969, to July, 1972. Seventeen of these had optic nerve dysfunction and visual field defects, papilledema, or choroidal folding. Fourteen patients had proptosis without optic neuropathy and six of these had corneal ulceration. Five patients had decompression specifically as a preliminary to eye muscle surgery and four patients had decompression for purely cosmetic reasons. The transfrontal decompression is ideal for patients with unilateral exophthalmos and when orbital exploration is needed. The transfrontal operation can salvage vision in the occasional patient with serious disease that is not palliated by transantral decompression. Orbital decompression is a more conservative approach to palliation than is high-dose long-term systemic steroid therapy. Orbital decompression has effectively controlled the optic neuropathy of Graves' disease without serious complications from the operation and without risking the potential side-effects of long-term high-dose steroid therapy.
Helicity Crossing Matrix for Production Processes

The crossing matrix of the helicity amplitude for a production process is worked out with the conventional definition of helicity states. This crossing matrix has the same form in different c.m. frames except for particles moving along the $z$ axis, which have additional phases. It can thus be used for successive crossings. The generalization to $N\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{to}\ensuremath{-}{N}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ processes is discussed, and application to the Regge formalism is considered.
Estrone interaction with the rat uterus: in vitro response and nuclear uptake.

Estrone and estriol, as well as 17(β- estradiol, can induce the synthesis of an estrogenspecific uterine protein under appropriate in vitro conditions. Quantitatively, the induction for all three steroids closely parallels the specific uptake of the steroid into the nuclear fraction. This in turn appears to closely correlate with the relative affinity for the cytoplasmic estrogen binding protein (17β-estradiol > estriol > estrone). For 50% of maximal induced protein response or for half saturation of nuclear or cytosol binding sites, approximately three times as much estrone as estradiol and two times as much estriol as estradiol (estradiol = 2 X 10-9M) is required. Estriol is not metabolized to estradiol to any degree; metabolism of estrone to estradiol does not account for either the in vitro response or nuclear localization. It is concluded that estrone, in its own right, is a biologically active estrogen. (Endocrinology 92: 125, 1973)
Algebraic specification of interconnection network relationships by permutation voltage graph mappings

Symmetries of large networks are used to simplify the specification of a guest-host network relationship. The relevant kinds of symmetries occur not only in Cayley graphs and in group-action graphs, but elsewhere as well. In brief, the critical topological symmetry property of a guest or host is that it is algebraically specifiable as a covering space of a smaller graph. A first objective is to understand the circumstances under which a mapping (a.k.a. “embedding”) between two base graphs can be lifted topologically to a mapping between their respective coverings. A suitable assignment of algebraic elements called “permutation voltages” to a base graph for the intended host network facilitates the construction not only of the intended host, but also of the intended guest and of the intended mapping of the guest into the host. Explicit formulas are derived for measurement of the load, of the congestion, and of the dilation of the lifted mapping. A concluding example suggests how these new formulas open the opportunity to develop optimization methods for algebraically specified guest-host mappings.
Effects of intraventricular carbachol and eserine on drinking

Rats implanted with chronic cannulae in the lateral cerebral ventricle were treated with carbachol and eserine. Five doses of each drug were given to determine their effects on water intake of the Ss. All doses of carbachol and four lower doses of eserine failed to affect drinking. The findings suggest that drinking after application of carbachol to CNS structures, implicated in the thirst circuit, is not due to ventricular modification.
Parallel architectures for binary image algebra

Image processing afid image analysis tasks have large (lata processing requirements and inherent parallelism. Because they involve a large amount of data, their operations can he extremely complex. During the past few years, numerous papers lave used an algebraic approach to aid in image processing [Serra82, Lotigheed8o, JUL Lcr87, Ciardina8i, Agui82, lluang87aJ. A simple algebraic system for expressing parallel image transformations would be very helpful for people to learn the art of parallel image processing, to compare different algorithms and architectures, arid to design a special-purpose image processor. Iii this paper, we use a binary image algebra (}31A) [ llnang89a, iluang9OJ, an axiomatic algebraic structure, to serve as a standar(l mathematical structure for the processing of binary images. Some parallel binary image processing architures can then be derived and compared. Section 2 reviews BEA and discusses the requirements for implementing A. Section 3 (liscusses three kinds of parallel architectures for f3JA: near-neighbor array architectures, hypercube architectures, and pipeline architectures. Section 4 discusses their implementation techniques. Section 5 gives a conclusion.
Second messenger systems underlying plasticity at the neuromuscular junction.

Publisher Summary The Drosophila neuromuscular junction provides elegant significant experimental model to study signal transduction pathways that mediate synaptic plasticity because of its accessibility to electrophysiological techniques, morphological analyses, and pharmacological and genetic manipulations at identifiable synapses. Much of what is known concerning synaptic transmission and plasticity in Drosophila learning and memory mutants has been analyzed using the larval neuromuscular junction preparation, because the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS) is relatively inaccessible to electrophysiological recordings. Although the neuromuscular junction itself is not involved in learning and memory, these studies have yielded profound insights into the mechanisms underlying both functional and structural plasticity. Many of the second messenger molecules found at the larval neuromuscular junction are involved in learning and memory in both invertebrates and vertebrates. This chapter examines the role that second messenger systems play in both structural and functional plasticity at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. It is believed that further analysis of various mutants allow determining the relationship between structural and functional change.
Amino acid accumulation in the toad bladder. Relationship to transepithelial sodium transport.

Abstract Amino acid accumulation has been studied in the toad bladder. The mucosal surface of the epithelial cells is impermeable to amino acid movement in either direction. Concentrative uptake of amino acid occurs through the serosal surface. The uptake of the neutral amino acid α-aminoisobutyric acid is sodium dependent, ouabain sensitive and unaffected by anaerobiosis. The concentrative uptake of amino acids may be independent of processes for transepithelial sodium transport, though the energy-requiring steps for both processes are thought to be in the serosal surface of the mucosal epithelial cells. The last observation makes unlikely the postulate that sodium serves a non-specific role in the production of energy for transport.
Gradient-based simulation optimization

We present a review of methods for simulation optimization. In particular, we focus on gradient-based techniques for continuous optimization. We demonstrate the main concepts using as an example the multidimensional newsvendor problem. We also discuss mathematical techniques and results that are useful in verifying and analyzing the simulation optimization procedures.
A Systems Theory of Multi-level, Multiple Objective Evaluation and Decision-making

Abstract The paper outlines an open systems approach to modeling human evaluation and decision-making, both individual and collective. It specifies and elaborates a number of premises which are seen as being basic to any attempt at model building and which stand in opposition to many of the questionable psychological and sociological assumptions underlying game theory as well as most theories of decision-making. A multi-level, multiple objective model of evaluation and decision-making is presented in Part I, Parts II and III are concerned with the general question of the effects of complexity and conflict, arising from the interrelatedness of action systems and processes, on decision behavior and effectiveness, and the strategies actors utilize to deal with such complexity. The theoretical framework is used to shed light on such matters as conflict in evaluation and decision-making, intransitivity, the Arrow paradox, and the unintended and sub-optimal outcomes of "rational" piecemeal decisions and actions.
Increased Immune Responses to Regenerating Partial Liver Grafts in the Rat

The relationship between liver regeneration and the induction of the immune response is uncertain. We hypothesize that the altered environment of the regenerating liver allograft increases the immune response to the allograft. In DA (RT1a) to LEW (RT1I) rats, hepatectomized, small-for-size and whole, normal-for-size liver transplants were performed. Naive and 70% hepatectomized LEW served as controls. Animals were assessed for survival, mass restoration, and host alloresponses. Although 30% partial allografts regenerated well to achieve a volume nearly equal to that of recipient's native liver in 7 days, survival was significantly shorter than that of the recipients of whole grafts (8.8 +/- 0.4 vs 10.3 +/- 1.2 days, n = 6, P < 0.02). When compared on Day 4 after transplantation, histologic examination revealed a more vigorous cellular infiltration in the sinusoidal area in the partial liver transplant group. Phenotypic analysis of thymocytes showed a predominance of more mature phenotypes in the partial group, including more prominent decrease in the frequency of CD4, CD8-double-positive cells and increase in that of alpha beta TCRhigh cells. Proliferative activity of thymocytes in response to Con A was higher in the partial group than in the whole group. MLR of splenocytes against donor-type antigens was higher in the partial group, whereas reactivity against third party was the same as in other groups. These data suggest that host cellular responses to the allograft are enhanced in the regenerating, small-for-size liver graft. These findings have implications in the clinical management of liver recipients with damaged or small for size livers.
Pigmented Conjunctival Cysts Following Tetracycline/Minocycline Therapy: Histochemical and Electron Microscopic Observations

Unpigmented and pigmented cystic epithelial inclusions were found bilaterally within the lower palpebral conjunctiva temporally of a 31-year-old man. He had a history of tetracycline/minocycline therapy for 14 years because of acne vulgaris. The cysts were studied by light and electron microscopy, histochemistry, and ultraviolet light. By light microscopy the unpigmented cysts contained faintly eosinophilic globular material that disclosed yellowish-green autofluorescence indicating the presence of tetracycline/minocycline. The pigmented cysts revealed laminated eosinophilic to brownish concretions that also showed yellowish-green autofluorescence. Autofluorescence, however, decreased with increasing brown pigmentation of the concretions. Histochemically, the pigment, which failed to show the staining characteristics of lipofuscin, melanin or iron, probably represented an oxidation product of tetracycline. By electron microscopy the cysts contained moderately electron dense amorphous material as well as degenerating epithelial cells. The epithelial cells lining the conjunctival cysts, did not contain membrane-bound, large, pigment granules within their cytoplasm as has been demonstrated in the colloid and follicular epithelium of the thyroid following minocycline therapy.
Carrying capacity reconsidered.

The concept of carrying capacity has gained broad currency, although some population ecologists are dubious about its value. This paper assesses the utility of the concept and develops an alternative understanding of population growth. First, carrying capacity is viewed in historical perspective and evidence that is supposed to support it is criticized. Then the underlying assumptions upon which it rests are reexamined. Limits to growth are seen to be both multiple and variable. The mechanism that is supposed to regulate population is critically reviewed. And the assumptions of balance in nature and equilibrium in biotic communities are reevaluated. These assumptions having been found wanting, population growth is reassessed in relation to environmental variability. The strategies by which different species cope with variability are described, and the windfall effect, which causes some populations to grow rapidly and then collapse, is identified. Finally, it is suggested that carrying capacity may be a self-validating belief and that is has limited relevance to human population growth, which is better understood in other ways.
Structure of the cGMP-gated channel

The subunit structure of the cGMP-gated cation channel of rod photoreceptors is rapidly being defined, and in the process the mode of regulation by Ca2+-calmodulin unraveled. Intriguingly, early results suggest that additional subunits of unknown function are associated with the channel and remain to be identified.
Migration Pathways and Remediation of Urban Runoff for PAH Control

Abstract The migration pathways for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the associated active attenuating mechanisms within the urban environment are examined. The interest in developing an improved understanding of PAH migration/attenuation is focused toward quantification of the cost-effectiveness of urban runoff control strategies for mitigation of PAH inputs to receiving water bodies. A case study application to the City of Sault Ste Marie demonstrates that snow removal from sub-basins with the largest deposition rates, and relatively small wet and/or dry stormwater management ponds, are the most cost-effective remediation strategies.
X-ray diffraction study of the zinc(II) binding sites in yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA preferential binding of zinc to guanines in purine-purine sequences

An X-ray diffraction study of a zinc(II) complex of tRNAPhe from yeast reveals the present of five zinc-binding sites on the tRNA molecule. Two of the cooperatively bound Mg2+ in the native tRNA structure are replaced by Zn2+. The remaining sites involve direct coordination of zinc to the N7 position of tRNA guanine bases, G15, G43 and HG45. Thus, zinc displays a high specificity for binding to guanine bases in purine-purine sequences.
RPA dielectric function for real solids

A study was made of the wave vector dependent (zero-frequency) RPA dielectric function for diamond. The diagonal part of the RPA was computed with Hartree–Fock wave functions and energies (HF RPA), and with Hartree-Fock wave functions and screened exchange plus Coulomb hole correlated energies (SECH RPA). The HF RPA was found to be smaller than the experimental value as represented by the Penn model, while the SECH RPA showed that correlated energies account for about half of the difference between the HF RPA and the Penn model. Local field effects were then included by calculating the full RPA dielectric matrix out to 7 sets of reciprocal lattice vectors, inverting this matrix, and taking the reciprocal of the first diagonal term of the inverse. The dielectric function obtained by this procedure was found to be smaller, and thus farther from experiment, than the SECH RPA. The diagonal RPA was also calculated with Hartree energy bands, and the result was a significant improvement over the RPA computed with Hartree–Fock or correlated Hartree- Fock bands. It was found that the dielectric function is not very sensitive to the wave functions used in the calculation, that is, the Hartree and Hartree Fock wave functions gave similar results.
Predictive performance of three multivariate difficult tracheal intubation models: A double-blind, case-controlled study

We performed a case-controlled, double-blind study to examine the performance of three multivariate clinical models(Wilson,Arne´,andNaguibmodels)intheprediction of unanticipated difficult intubation. The study group consisted of 97 patients in whom an unanticipated difficult intubation had occurred. For each difficult intubation patient, a matched control patient was selected in whom tracheal intubation had been easily accomplished. Postoperatively, a blinded investigator evaluated both patients. The clinical assessment included the patient’s weight, height, age, Mallampati score, interincisor gap, thyromentaldistance,thyrosternaldistance,neckcircumference, Wilson risk sum score, history of previous difficult intubation, and diseases associated with difficult laryngoscopy or intubation. The Naguib model was significantly more sensitive (81.4%; P 0.0001) than the Arne´ (54.6%) or Wilson (40.2%) models. Both the Naguib (76.8%) and Arne´ (74.7%) model classified more intubations correctly (P 0.01) than the Wilson model (66.5%). The specificity of Arne´, Wilson, and Naguib model was 94.9%, 92.8%, and 72.2%, respectively (P 0.0001). The corresponding area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.87, 0.79, and 0.82, respectively. Our new model for prediction of difficult intubation was developedusinglogisticregressionandincludesthyromental distance, Mallampati score, interincisor gap, and height. This model is 82.5% sensitive and 85.6% specific with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. (Anesth Analg 2006;102:818–24)
Mass distribution and concentrations of negative chemiions in the exhaust of a jet engine: Sulfuric acid concentrations and observation of particle growth

Abstract Measurements of negative-ion composition and density have been made in the exhaust of a J85-GE-5H turbojet, at ground level, as part of the NASA-EXCAVATE campaign. The mass spectrometer was placed 3 m from the exhaust plane of the engine. Measurements were done as a function of engine power in six steps from idle (50%) to military power (100%). Since the exhaust velocity changes with power, this also corresponds to a time evolution for ion growth. At 100% power most of the ions are HSO 4 − with minor amounts of HSO 4 − (H 2 O) n . With decreasing engine power the degree of hydration increases. In addition, ions with a 139-amu core dominate the spectra at lower engine power. The chemical identity of this ion is unknown. Observation of a small amount of NO 3 − core ions in the high-power spectra allows the determination of H 2 SO 4 concentrations, which turn out to be a fraction-of-a-percent of the total sulfur in the fuel. Combining the present data with several previous composition measurements allows one to observe ion evolution from bare ions to ions with masses >8000 amu. Ion densities are derived and appear consistent with previous measurements used in modeling studies indicating that ion nucleation is a probable mechanism for volatile aerosol formation.
On the space rotation of a two-point link

Abstract An analysis of the space rotation of a rigid body is presented with a delineation of certain nonessential terms when the body is used as a two-point link. To help correct frequent difficulty and confusion with this type of problem special emphasis is placed on a vector-geometric development to clarify the physical relationships which are often obscured when results are obtained by direct mathematical differentiation of spatial angular velocity functions or by matrix-computer formulation.
Anisotropy of the Cosmic Blackbody Radiation

The universe is filled with thermal radiation having a current temperature of 2.75 K. Originating in the very early universe, this radiation furnishes strong evidence that the Big Bang cosmology best describes our expanding universe from an incredibly hot, compacted early stage until now. The model can be used to extrapolate our physics backward in time to predict events whose effects might be observable in the 2.75 K radiation today. The spectrum and isotropy are being studied with sophisticated microwave radiometers on the ground, in balloons, and in satellites. The results are as predicted by the simple theory: the spectrum is that of a blackbody (to a few percent) and the radiation is isotropic (to 0.01 percent) except for a local effect due to our motion through the radiation. However, a problem is emerging. Primordial fluctuations in the mass density, which later became the great clusters of galaxies that we see today, should have left an imprint on the 2.75 K radiation—bumpiness on the sky at angular scales of about 10 arc minutes. They have not yet been seen.
Obscenity Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the Nineteenth‐Century United States

The history of obscenity regulation implicates central questions about the meaning and functions of law in nineteenth-century America. But historical literature on censorship of sexual speech traditionally has neglected issues of law and regulation in favor of inquiries into the origins and causes of private moral reform movements. Meanwhile, legal histories of public regulation in the nineteenth century have not explored the significance of obscenity law as a crucial arena of regulatory conflict. In what follows, I first review existing historiography on censorship of sexual speech in the nineteenth-century United States. I then discuss two recent books that analyze different aspects of moral reform campaigns against "obscenity" in the late Victorian era and assess their contributions to the field. In the final section, I identify certain limits to the approaches pursued in the current literature and offer some new directions suggested by my ongoing investigation of obscenity prosecutions in nineteenth-century
SON Protein Regulates GATA-2 through Transcriptional Control of the MicroRNA 23a∼27a∼24-2 Cluster

SON is a DNA- and RNA-binding protein localized in nuclear speckles. Although its function in RNA splicing for effective cell cycle progression and genome stability was recently unveiled, other mechanisms of SON functions remain unexplored. Here, we report that SON regulates GATA-2, a key transcription factor involved in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and differentiation. SON is highly expressed in undifferentiated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and leukemic blasts. SON knockdown leads to significant depletion of GATA-2 protein with marginal down-regulation of GATA-2 mRNA. We show that miR-27a is up-regulated upon SON knockdown and targets the 3′-UTR of GATA-2 mRNA in hematopoietic cells. Up-regulation of miR-27a was due to activation of the promoter of the miR-23a∼27a∼24-2 cluster, suggesting that SON suppresses this promoter to lower the microRNAs from this cluster. Our data revealed a previously unidentified role of SON in microRNA production via regulating the transcription process, thereby modulating GATA-2 at the protein level during hematopoietic differentiation.
Absorption and Emission Based Lidar Remote Sensing of Chemical Species

Absorption and emission based Lidar remote sensing of chemical species will be discussed including Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL), Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), and Laser Induced Thermal Emission (LITE).
Thermochemistry and Photodissociation Studies of [CoL]+ and [CoL2]+, L=Pyrrole, Furan, Thiophene and Selenophene

[CoL] + and [CoL 2 ] + (L = pyrrole, furan, thiophene and selenophene) were generated in a prototype Nicolet-FTMS 1000 Fourier transform mass spectrometer, where they were irradiated with light from a 2.5 kW Xe arc lamp. Photodissociation thresholds, obtained using energy cut-off filters, yielded the bond energies D°(Co + -pyrrole) = 59 ± 3 kcal mol -1 , D°(Co + -furan) = 57 ± 3 kcal mol -1 , D°(Co + -thiophene) = 61 ± 3 kcal mol -1 and D°(Co+-selenophene)=64±3 kcal mol -1 (1 kcal=4.184 kJ), as well as D°([Co(pyrrole) + ]-pyrrole) ≤48±3 kcal mol -1 , D°([Co(furan)] + -furan) ≤46±3 kcal mol -1 D°([Co(thiophene) + -thiophene) ≤ 49 ± 3 kcal mol -1 and D°([Co(selenophene)] + -selenophene) ≤ 51 ± 3 kcal mol -1 . The photoappearance threshold for [CoC 3 H 4 ] + , the CO loss product ion from ]Colftlrau)j +, yielded D°(Co + -C 3 H 4 ) = either 33 ± 6 or 32 ± 6 kcal mol -1 , depending on whether C 3 H 4 was allene or propyne, respectively. Where possible, these bond energy measurements were further corroborated by ligand displacement reactions and competitive collision-induced dissociation experiments
Fat in renal cell carcinoma that lacks associated calcifications.

931 istinguishing benign from malignant renal masses has always been a diagnostic dilemma for radiologists. A solitary solid mass identified in the kidney is usually considered malignant and removed surgically unless it is shown to have macroscopic fat consistent with an angiomyolipoma. A few cases of fat seen on CT in renal cell carcinomas have been reported [1‐6]. Of these tumors, however, CT showed calcifications associated with the fat in all except one. The one case without calcifications revealed only a tiny focus of fat in the lesion. One pitfall of fat-containing renal masses is the wellknown occurrence of renal cell carcinoma invading and engulfing the perinephric fat. To our knowledge, no case of renal cell carcinoma with several prominent areas of macroscopic fat and without calcification visible on CT has been reported in the literature.
Planning group therapy for children

This paper presents issues that require specific attention in planning for and treating children in a therapy group. These include: characteristics of preschoolers and latency children, the needs of the individual and the group as a whole, diagnostic categories for heterogeneous and homogeneous groups, preparation for group therapy with individual and diagnostic group assessments. Composition, balancing and administrative considerations are of great importance for the group to succeed along with keeping a positive and informed relationship with the parents. Particular consideration is given to aspects of inpatient versus outpatient groups and to co-therapy.
Experimental approaches for 100 TeV astronomy

The high energy end of γ-ray source spectra might provide important clues regarding the nature of the processes involved in γ-ray emission. Several galactic sources with hard emission spectra extending up to more than 30 TeV have already been reported. Measurements around 100 TeV and above should be an important goal for the next generation of high energy γ-ray astronomy experiments. Here we present several techniques providing the required exposure (~ 100 km2 ⋅ h). We focus our study on three Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique (IACT) based approaches: low elevation observations, large field of view telescopes, and large telescope arrays. We comment on the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and report simulation based estimates of their energy ranges and sensitivities.
Do Deaf Individuals’ Dating Scripts Follow the Traditional Sexual Script?

The current study investigated Deaf individuals’ dating expectations. Prior research on dating expectations has identified three common scenes: initiation/meeting, activities, and outcomes/conclusions. Participants were asked to report their expectations for each scene on a typical date. Talking was the most frequently occurring initiation activity. Dinner and a movie were among the top date activities in the activities scene. Activities were often reported as group gatherings. Dating outcomes included a good night kiss and making plans for another date. These expectations do not match prior research with hearing participants where the Traditional Sexual Script could be identified. Comparisons and suggestions for future research are discussed.
An evaluation tool for advanced traffic information and management systems in urban networks

Abstract Tools for evaluating traffic networks under information supply are a crucial necessity in view of the ATMS/ATIS systems being proposed and implemented around the world as part of Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems of the future. This paper presents an evaluation model that incorporates the driver response to information, the traffic flow behavior, and the resulting changes in the characteristics of network paths, into an integrated simulation framework. The model is based on simulating individual vehicle movements according to macroscopic flow principles, the driver path selection behavior under information being explicitly modelled. Detailed modelling of intersection delays as well as a variety of traffic control options for both freeways and arterials are performed. The path-processing component is designed for efficient application of the framework to large and realistic networks. The model can be effectively used for studying alternative information supply and traffic control strategies under various levels of market penetration of in-vehicle ATIS hardware. The paper also discusses its application to candidate networks.
Effectiveness of Postexposure Vaccination for the Prevention of Smallpox: Results of a Delphi Analysis

We estimated the effectiveness of postexposure smallpox vaccination in preventing or modifying disease in naive and previously vaccinated adults, using the formal Delphi technique. For persons not previously vaccinated, the median effectiveness in preventing disease with vaccination at 0-6 h, 6-24 h, and 1-3 days after exposure was estimated as 93%, 90%, and 80%, respectively, and effectiveness in modifying disease among those who develop illness was estimated as 80%, 80%, and 75%, respectively. Effectiveness was greater for those vaccinated previously. High postexposure vaccination effectiveness for preventing or modifying smallpox is consistent with the limited data available, is biologically plausible, and is similar to that seen for other viral vaccine-preventable diseases. These estimates support the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations and provide a key parameter for mathematical models on which policy decisions may be based.
Human cyclooxygenase-1 activity and its responses to COX inhibitors are allosterically regulated by nonsubstrate fatty acids

Recombinant human prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-1 (huPGHS-1) was characterized. huPGHS-1 has a single high-affinity heme binding site per dimer and exhibits maximal cyclooxygenase (COX) activity with one heme per dimer. Thus, huPGHS-1 functions as a conformational heterodimer having a catalytic monomer (Ecat) with a bound heme and an allosteric monomer (Eallo) lacking heme. The enzyme is modestly inhibited by common FAs including palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids that are not COX substrates. Studies of arachidonic acid (AA) substrate turnover at high enzyme-to-substrate ratios indicate that nonsubstrate FAs bind the COX site of Eallo to modulate the properties of Ecat. Nonsubstrate FAs slightly inhibit huPGHS-1 but stimulate huPGHS-2, thereby augmenting AA oxygenation by PGHS-2 relative to PGHS-1. Nonsubstrate FAs potentiate the inhibition of huPGHS-1 activity by time-dependent COX inhibitors, including aspirin, all of which bind Ecat. Surprisingly, preincubating huPGHS-1 with nonsubstrate FAs in combination with ibuprofen, which by itself is a time-independent inhibitor, causes a short-lived, time-dependent inhibition of huPGHS-1. Thus, in general, having a FA bound to Eallo stabilizes time-dependently inhibited conformations of Ecat. We speculate that having an FA bound to Eallo also stabilizes Ecat conformers during catalysis, enabling half of sites of COX activity.
False-positive results and contamination in nucleic acid amplification assays: Suggestions for a prevent and destroy strategy

Contamination of samples with DNA is still a major problem in microbiology laboratories, despite the wide acceptance of PCR and other amplification techniques for the detection of frequently low amounts of target DNA. This review focuses on the implications of contamination in the diagnosis and research of infectious diseases, possible sources of contaminants, strategies for prevention and destruction, and quality control. Contamination of samples in diagnostic PCR can have far-reaching consequences for patients, as illustrated by several examples in this review. Furthermore, it appears that the (sometimes very unexpected) sources of contaminants are diverse (including water, reagents, disposables, sample carry over, and amplicon), and contaminants can also be introduced by unrelated activities in neighboring laboratories. Therefore, lack of communication between researchers using the same laboratory space can be considered a risk factor. Only a very limited number of multicenter quality control studies have been published so far, but these showed false-positive rates of 9-57%. The overall conclusion is that although nucleic acid amplification assays are basically useful both in research and in the clinic, their accuracy depends on awareness of risk factors and the proper use of procedures for the prevention of nucleic acid contamination. The discussion of prevention and destruction strategies included in this review may serve as a guide to help improve laboratory practices and reduce the number of false-positive amplification results.