cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective synthesis of 2'-fluoro-6'-methylene carbocyclic adenosine via Vince lactam.

2′-Fluoro-6′-methylene carbocyclic adenosine (FMCA) is a potent and selective inhibitor of wild type as well as drug-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants. FMCA demonstrated excellent anti-HBV activity against both adefovir-resistant and lamivudine-resistant double (rtL180M/rtM204V) mutants as well as in lamivudine/entecavir triple mutants (L180M+S202G+M204V) in vitro. Its monophosphate prodrug (FMCAP) demonstrated a greater than 12-fold increase of anti-HBV activity in comparison to that of the nucleoside without elevation of cellular toxicity. In the preliminary in vivo study in chimeric mice harboring the lamivudine/entecavir triple mutant, FMCAP effectively reduced HBV viral load, while entecavir was not effective. Therefore, it was of great interest to develop an efficient synthetic procedure to support the preclinical investigation. In this article, a new approach for the synthesis of FMCA from a readily available starting material (Vince lactam) in 16 steps is described. An efficient and practi...
Trade Dependence And Foreign Policy Compliance A Longitudinal Analysis

It is widely believed that asymmetrical economic interdependence affords political leverage on foreign policy whereas symmetrical economic transactions generally do not. A more recent impression is that “vulnerability” (as opposed to mere “sensitivity”) dependence identifies those particular asymmetrical economic ties that create political opportunity. We adopt these distinctions to test the proposition that asymmetrical trade vulnerability compromises the foreign policy behavior of the more dependent of two partners. We examine trade and foreign policy relations between the United States and the 25 nations that were trade dependent upon it between 1950 and 1973. Time-series data for trade and selected roll calls of the UN General Assembly permit cross-sectional and longitudinal tests of the underlying political economy proposition. The evidence is consistent with the expectation that the asymmetrical trade vulnerability of the dependent countries leads to their compliance, albeit selective, with U.S. foreign policy preferences. On roll calls not salient to the United States, dependent countries are no more in accord with the United States than are the remaining Assembly members. Our data reinforce the tentative conclusions of two studies that were exclusively cross-sectional. Even so, there is some indication that trade sensitivity has no systematic political repercussions. The last interpretation lends quantitative support to an interdependence thesis that has previously relied upon case study evidence.
Crystal nucleation in hydrous rhyolite: Experimental data applied to classical theory

Feldspar nucleation rate data obtained by laboratory decompression of hydrous silicate melt are interpreted in view of the classical theory of nucleation (CNT) and a non-classical variation, the diffuse-interface theory (DIT). The nucleation rate data can be modeled by the CNT formalism only if the interfacial free energy (σ) is allowed to vary as a function of composition. The values thus obtained vary by a factor of four (0.024–0.100 J/m2) and decrease systematically over a sixfold increase in dissolved H2O content (0.8–4.8 wt%). This result is qualitatively consistent with the effects of dissolved H2O on the liquid-vapor interfacial free energy in haplogranite magma (Mangan and Sisson 2000) and the liquid-crystal interfacial free energy in the one-component Li-disilicate system (Davis et al. 1997). The DIT states that the interfacial region between the bulk solid and bulk melt has thermodynamic properties intermediate between these phases, and that σ is defined as the difference between the interfacial enthalpy ( H int) and interfacial entropy ( TS int). If the DIT model is correct, the nucleation rate data for feldspar may indicate that: (1) dissolved H2O content controls the spatial distribution of enthalpy and configurational entropy around incipient crystals, and (2) the spatial gradients of these potentials diverge during devolatilization. This study suggests that crystal nucleation studies may yield insights into the structure and thermodynamics of hydrous melts; likewise, experimental studies are important for refining a physical understanding of nucleation phenomena. Our results can be applied to quantitative numerical models of ascent-driven magma crystallization.
22 FTY720 ENHANCEMENT OF PULMONARY ENDOTHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTION IS S1P1 RECEPTOR INDEPENDENT

Rationale Disruption of pulmonary vascular integrity occurs during inflammatory disease processes such as acute lung injury and sepsis, and as a result, regulation of this barrier is an important clinical objective. We have described rapid endothelial cell (EC) barrier enhancement by the platelet-derived phospholipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), mediated via S1P1 receptor (S1P1R) ligation. FTY720, an immunosuppressive drug currently in phase III clinical trials, is phosphorylated in vivo to form a structural analogue of S1P. We and others have demonstrated that FTY720 also induces EC barrier enhancement, and we now explore the role of S1P1R ligation in this process. Methods/Results FTY (1 μM) significantly increased cultured human pulmonary artery EC barrier function in a sustained manner as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance (TER), with a delayed onset and slower rate of rise relative to S1P (1 μM). Lipid extraction and 2-phase thin layer chromatography studies revealed that phosphorylation of FTY is not required for barrier enhancement. Both S1P- and FTY-induced barrier enhancement were abolished by pretreatment with pertussis toxin; however, reduction of S1P1R expression via siRNA significantly inhibited S1P-, but not FTY-induced TER elevation. Both S1P and FTY rapidly (within 5 min) induced S1P1R accumulation in membrane lipid rafts, but only S1P stimulated threonine phosphorylation of S1P1R. Inhibition of this phosphorylation by preincubation with the PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 (10 μM) blocked S1P-, but not FTY-induced TER elevation. S1P, but not FTY, induced significant phosphorylation of ERK and myosin light chains within 5 min as detected by Western blotting and dramatic actin cytoskeletal rearrangement. Reduction of downstream effectors Rac1 or cortactin via siRNA strategies attenuated S1P-, but not FTY-induced TER elevation. Conclusion These results indicate that FTY720 augments EC barrier function through a novel, S1P1R-independent signaling pathway. HL58064, HL70013-01, FTY720 supplied by Novartis.
A Systematic Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Urate nephropathy

Objective:This systematic review is conducted to explore the efficacy of CTM(TCM)in treating urate nephropathy.Methods:A computer and manual searched for randomized controlled trials in treating urate nephropathy patients with TCM,meta-analysis,and systematic review from internet electric databases and reference was performed.Results:A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria.A meta-analysis of these 8 studies(67%)involving 9 arms(75%)showed that CTM used alone or combined with other western medicine had significant benefit in urate nephropathy.Among these studies,Six CTMs(75%):Zishen decoction,Huashi xiezhuo quyu decoction,Jiangniaosuan decoction,Bushen huashi tongluo decoction,Huoxie xiezhuo decoction,Tongfang No.1 combined with western medicine had the effectiveness over western medicine.Three CTMs(60%):WeiCao capsule,Tongfong mixture,Tongfang No.1 showed benefit for urate nephropathy over western medicine.All of these studies were low quality studies.Funnel plot was asymmetry;it indicated presence of publication bias.Conclusion:Although some TCMs used alone or combined with other western medicine had therapeutic benefit in urate nephropathy in our studies,the evidence is not strong to recommend it for treatment of urate nephropathy due to the low quality studies.It is necessary to conduct rigorous well-designed clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy and safety for ruate nephropathy treatment.
Management of unexpected ovarian dermoid cyst during laparoscopy for oocyte pickup

In conclusion, management of unexpected SDT during OPU include the following therapeutic goals: (1) complete eradication of the tumor to eliminate the remote possibility of malignancy and recurrence; (2) performance of adequate peritoneal lavage to prevent chemical peritonitis; (3) conservation of the maximum amount of functional ovarian tissue; and (4) exclusion of the possibility of dermoid cyst in the contralateral ovary. If laparoscopic drainage of a SDT, marsupialization, and adequate fulguration of cystic wall provide a low incidence of recurrence, the risk of oophorectomy and the necessity of laparotomy will be avoided. The aspirate contents should be examined and histopathologic confirmation of the clinical diagnosis and exclusion of a malignant process should always be performed. The laparoscopic approach must be investigated further to determine its efficacy compared with the conventional approach.
Alcoholic hepatitis accelerates early hepatobiliary cancer by increasing stemness and miR-122-mediated HIF-1α activation

Alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops with advanced alcoholic liver disease and liver fibrosis. Using adult mice, we evaluate the effect of alcoholic steatohepatitis on early hepatobiliary carcinoma after initiation by diethyl-nitrosamine (DEN). Here we show that alcohol-fed DEN-injected mice have higher ALT and liver-to-body weight ratio compared to pair-fed DEN-injected mice. Alcohol feeding results in steatohepatitis indicated by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrotic genes. MRI and liver histology of alcohol+DEN mice shows hepatobiliary cysts, early hepatic neoplasia and increase in serum alpha-fetoprotein. Proliferation makers (BrdU, cyclin D1, p53) and cancer stem cell markers (CD133 and nanog) are significantly up-regulated in livers of alcohol-fed DEN-injected mice compared to controls. In livers with tumors, loss of miR-122 expression with a significant up-regulation of miR-122 target HIF-1α is seen. We conclude that alcoholic steatohepatitis accelerates hepatobiliary tumors with characteristic molecular features of HCC by up-regulating inflammation, cell proliferation, stemness, and miR-122 loss.
Central European Prehistory of Computing

Publisher Summary This chapter presents prehistory of computing in Central Europe authored by H. Zemanek. During 1680–1690, programmed weaving was introduced by a person named Broesel. The punched card loom device was a closed loop of a linen strip. The program consisted of little wooden bars that controlled the loom. Petzval was an applied mathematician, a physicist, and an engineer. He not only established the theory and the calculations, he got the lens made and in May 1840, gave the tables and many drawings to the Viennese optician Voigtlaender. In 1889, Hermann Hollerith got his patent for the punched-card system. A formal language developed by Torres y Quevedo used mainly letters, numeric, and punctuation, but also analog symbols, which could be, however, produced by a typewriter. Gustav Tauschek's first invention was a machine for engraving the loop patterns of money bills. Tauschek also invented a motor-driven sledge, and he worked on cryptographic problems as well.
The Future of Erectile Dysfunction Therapy II: Novel Pharmacotherapy and Innovative Technology

While current treatment modalities for erectile dysfunction have become easier to administer and more scientifically based and clinically accepted, they still have their shortcomings such as inconvenience, limited efficacy, and spontaneity. These shortcomings are well recognized in the field, with many investigators exploring improved methods to meet this objective. Broadly speaking, such directions include novel pharmacotherapy, innovative technology, tissue engineering, and creative mechanical approaches. Here we provide an overview of the future of erectile dysfunction treatments.
COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the computational aspects of the finite element method. The finite element procedure discussed in the chapter uses basis functions consisting of piecewise bicubic Hermite polynomials defined on a mesh which is refined in a well-defined manner in a neighborhood of each corner. The coefficients and right-hand side of the resulting linear algebraic system of equations involve integrals over two-dimensional rectangular elements that are approximated by the local nine-point product Gaussian quadrature scheme —the tensor product of the one-dimensional three-point Gaussian quadrature schemes. Finally, the approximate linear algebraic system of equations is symmetric and positive definite and is solved by either the band Cholesky or profile Cholesky decomposition procedure. The chapter presents theoretical justifications for the procedure used in the chapter. It is shown that asymptotically the procedure used in the chapter is far more efficient than the combination of the five-point central difference approximation and successive overrelaxation (SOR).
A World of Materialisms Postcolonial Feminist Science Studies and the New Natural

Research often characterized as “new materialist” has staged a return/turn to nature in social and critical theory by bringing “matter” into the purview of our research. While this growing impetus to take nature seriously fosters new types of interdisciplinarity and thus new resources for knowing our nature-cultural worlds, its capacity to deal with power’s imbrication in how we understand “nature” is curtailed by its failures to engage substantively with the epistemological interventions of postcolonial feminist science studies. The citational practices of many new materialist thinkers eschew the existence of what Sandra Harding has called “a world of sciences.” I argue that the “science” privileged and often conflated with matter in new materialist storytelling is the same science destabilized by postcolonial feminist science studies. This does not mean that new materialist feminisms and postcolonial feminist science studies are necessarily at odds, as new materialist storytelling and prevailing concept...
New “Core Quality Measures”: Only a Beginning

A plethora of quality measures are used in health care for quality improvement, accountability (including reimbursement), and research. The Core Quality Measures Collaborative, with input from the American Association of Family Physicians, recently released several groups of reduced core measure sets, including one for primary care. The proposed measures are less helpful for the increasing proportion patients with multiple morbidities or advancing illness. Going forward, the development of quality measures that assess multidimensional patient experiences and how closely the health care patients receive matches their goals in the face of multiple morbidities and advancing illness should be the focus.
The lateral habenula and alcohol: Role of glutamate and M-type potassium channels.

Abstract Alcohol use disorder (AUD) or alcoholism is a chronic relapsing disorder. Our knowledge of alcoholism hinges on our understanding of its effects on the brain. This review will center on the effects of alcohol in the lateral habenula (LHb), an epithalamic structure that connects the forebrain with the midbrain and encodes aversive signaling. Like many addictive drugs, alcohol has both rewarding and aversive properties. While alcohol's euphoric property is believed to be important for the initiation of drinking, increasing evidence suggests that alcohol's negative affect plays a critical role in excessive drinking and alcohol dependence. During withdrawal and abstinence, alcoholics often experience anxiety and depressions, both of which have been implicated in relapse drinking. This review focuses on the recent accumulation of knowledge about the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on the activity of and synaptic transmissions on LHb neurons, as well as the effects of manipulation of LHb function on alcohol consumption and related behaviors. Recent evidence highlights a critical role for the LHb in AUD and related psychiatric ailments. Multidisciplinary work in animals collectively suggests that LHb function and activity, including M-type potassium channels and glutamatergic transmission are altered by acute and repeated chronic alcohol exposure. We will also discuss how functional, pharmacological, and chemogenetic manipulation of the LHb affects ethanol drinking and psychiatric disorders occurring in animals withdrawn from chronic alcohol exposure. Conceivable mechanisms behind these effects and their potential as targets for therapies will also be discussed.
Molybdenum diboride nanoparticles as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction

Non-noble metal nanomaterials (molybdenum sulfides, phosphides, carbides, and nitrides) have recently emerged as highly active electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Molybdenum borides in contrast have not been studied for their HER activity at the nanoscale, however, they were recently shown to be already efficient HER catalysts in the bulk (microscale). In this study, we report on the first nanocrystalline molybdenum boride (MoB2) synthesized by a simple, one-step, relatively low temperature (650 °C) and environmentally benign redox-assisted solid state metathesis (SSM) reaction. The obtained MoB2 nanospheres exhibit a low onset overpotential of 154 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 49 mV dec−1 and high stability. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that several surfaces are active and that the optimum evolution of H2 occurs at a hydrogen coverage between 75% and 100% on the B-terminated {001} surface. These experimental and theoretical results open new avenues to design new architectures of inexpensive and highly efficient boron-based HER catalysts, such as boride nanospheres (with maximum active sites) or materials with B-terminated surfaces (e.g. {001} nanosheets of AlB2-type borides or even the recently discovered borophene and related 2D compounds).
Cost comparison of commonly used postoperative topical ophthalmic antibiotics

Purpose To provide information on the actual fill level and cost of currently available antibiotic drops used perioperatively. Design Prospective laboratory investigation. Setting Robert Cizik Eye Clinic, Houston, Texas USA. Methods The following 9 medications were tested: moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin (branded and generic), besifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, trimethoprim/polymyxin B, tobramycin, and gentamicin. Actual bottle-fill volume and number of drops per bottle were measured using 10 bottles of each formulation. The percentage of the bottle used and the perioperative cost (using average wholesale price) were calculated for 3 times a day and 4 times a day dosing for 7-day, 10-day, and 14-day courses. Formulations were compared using 1-way analysis of variance with Tukey multiple comparisons. Results For medications with sticker volumes of at least 5 mL, all but 2 medications (ofloxacin, 4 times a day for 14 days; gentamicin, 4 times a day for 14 days) covered 2 perioperative courses. Besifloxacin had a fill volume less than the sticker volume. The most cost-effective perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis was trimethoprim–polymyxin B (4 times a day: $12.87 for 7-day, 10-day, and 14-day courses, and $46.88 for 4-day course; 3 times a day: $12.87 for 7-day, 10-day, and 14-day courses). Conclusions Most antibiotics had an actual fill volume greater than sticker volume, which is a sufficient drug regimen for 2 perioperative courses. The costs of common postoperative topical antibiotic regimens vary widely depending on the drug and dosing regimen. Cost considerations for perioperative antibiotics will be increasingly important because the number of cataract surgeries is expected to increase with the growing and aging population.
“Can I take out my penis?” Navigating Sex and Intimacy in the Workplace: An Empirical Test of Black’s Theory of Conflict

As the number of producers, politicians, and celebrities accused of workplace sexual misconduct increases, we understand there is a fine line between flirting at work and behaviors that cause signi...
Debt rollover-induced local volatility model

This paper introduces a structural scenario-based model with debt rollover risk and a higher-fidelity treatment of the bankruptcy procedure. The emerging stock price process is a generalized Brownian motion with state-dependent local volatility, and the resultant implied volatility smile is due exclusively to structural features (debt rollover and credit risks). Therefore, the model reinforces structural foundations of local volatility option pricing models. The paper advocates a joint modeling and calibration framework for multiple classes of derivatives on the firm’s asset value. In particular, an empirical application to Solar City equity and stock option valuation demonstrates the versatility and efficiency gains of the suggested model.
Selection of Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome B mutants by putative PfNDH2 inhibitors.

Malaria control is threatened by a limited pipeline of effective pharmaceuticals against drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) are attractive targets for drug development, owing to exploitable differences between the parasite and human ETC. Disruption of ETC function interferes with metabolic processes including de novo pyrimidine synthesis, essential for nucleic acid replication. We investigated the effects of ETC inhibitor selection on two distinct P. falciparum clones, Dd2 and 106/1. Compounds CK-2-68 and RYL-552, substituted quinolones reported to block P. falciparum NADH dehydrogenase 2 (PfNDH2; a type II NADH:quinone oxidoreductase), unexpectedly selected mutations at the quinol oxidation (Qo) pocket of P. falciparum cytochrome B (PfCytB). Selection experiments with atovaquone (ATQ) on 106/1 parasites yielded highly resistant PfCytB Y268S mutants seen in clinical infections that fail ATQ-proguanil treatment. In contrast, ATQ pressure on Dd2 yielded moderately resistant parasites carrying a PfCytB M133I or K272R mutation. Strikingly, all ATQ-selected mutants demonstrated little change or slight increase of sensitivity to CK-2-68 or RYL-552. Molecular docking studies demonstrated binding of all three ETC inhibitors to the Qo pocket of PfCytB, where Y268 forms strong van der Waals interactions with the hydroxynaphthoquinone ring of ATQ but not the quinolone ring of CK-2-68 or RYL-552. Our results suggest that combinations of suitable ETC inhibitors may be able to subvert or delay the development of P. falciparum drug resistance.
Creep-Rupture Characteristics of Al-Mg Solid-Solution Alloys

Three aluminum alloys of 0.94, 1.92, and 5.10 pct Mg, prepared from very high purity metals, were tested at 500°, 700°, and 900°F in creep rupture. The degree of strengthening through solid-solution alloying and the effects on the deformation characteristics and fracture were examined. The ductility of the alloys as a function of stress and temperature was closely followed.
Fuel Cells: Energy Conversion Technology

The drive for fuel cell technology research and development stems from cleanliness of the technology, high chemical to electrical conversion efficiency and versatile applications ranging from large-scale, stand-alone stationary power plant to modular distributed generation systems to advanced mobile auxiliary power units. Portable systems and those that can be carried are also currently being designed for civilian and military markets. Fuel cells are capable of generating electricity with virtually negligible to zero pollution (e.g. SOx, NOx, volatile organic compounds (VOC), particulate matters (PMs)). They also offer a reduced carbon footprint and have the potential to be engineered for ‘zero carbon’ systems. Despite the potential to meet the pressing needs for clean and efficient fuel cell–based power generation systems, high capital and maintenance cost remains a challenge for large-scale commercialisation and global market entry. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is one of the most promising fuel cell technologies as it offers significantly higher electrical efficiency as well as co-production of high-quality process heat. The system lifetime, its reliability and cost, however, remain a concern due to the performance degradation with time, commonly associated with the instability of materials in complex operating environment and high exposure temperature (650–1000)°C. New materials, systems design and operating conditions are being developed to increase the lifetime. Centralised and distributed SOFC power systems in the range of hundreds of kilowatt to megawatt are being considered for integration with advanced coal power plants, hybrid systems integrated with energy storage and carbon-capture technologies to fully exploit the commercial potential.
Fluid-sediment Dynamics in the Nearshore

Abstract : The long-range goals of my research are to improve our understanding of the processes and physical interactions responsible for beach morphology change and patterns of erosion and deposition in the nearshore zone. Over the last 5 years, four aspects of nearshore sediment transport have been emphasized: 1) small-scale sediment transport, with emphasis on the initiation and vertical distribution of suspended sediment by turbulence and characterization of bottom boundary layer flows; 2) the linkage between small-scale sediment resuspension and large-scale circulation flows (edge waves, shear waves and mean currents) which presumably lead to changes in nearshore morphology; 3) swash zone sediment transport; and 4) new technologies for measuring nearshore bathymetry.
Effect of copulation on estrus duration, LH response, and ovulation in Boer goats.

Abstract The objectives of this investigation were to determine the effect of copulation on estrus duration, LH response and ovulation in Boer goats. A controlled randomized study, with two replicates, in which does were divided at each replicate in treatment (COP; n = 12) and control (CON; n = 12) groups was performed. All the does were pluriparous and estrus synchronized with CIDR (progesterone 300 mg) maintained in the vagina for seven days, and received 50 μg of GnRH at device insertion and 5 mg of natural prostaglandin F-2α im at CIDR removal. The COP group received two copulas within the first 4 h of estrus onset, and the CON group was only permitted to be mounted. Estrus was detected twice a day during the first 24 h after pessary removal and then every 4 h by using bucks with canvas apron as teasers, led by leash for 96 h. Blood was collected during all the estrus period after each estrus detection and analyzed for LH by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In addition, at the second replicate ovulation time and number of ovulations were also monitored by transrectal ultrasonography using a linear 7.5 MHz probe beginning 24 h after estrus onset and repeated every 4 h until all the preovulatory follicles disappeared. Estrus onset was 36.7 ± 10.5 h and 35.5 ± 13.6 h for CON and COP groups, respectively (P = 0.82). Estrus duration for the same groups was 40.3 ± 9.9 h and 28.3 ± 4.7 h, respectively (P = 0.001). The LH peak time for the CON group was 17.7 ± 6.3 h, and for the COP group, it was 10.9 ± 2.6 h (P = 0.004). The LH peak magnitude for the same groups was 31.5 ± 16.2 ng/mL and 34.9 ± 20.7 ng/mL, respectively (P = 0.34). The LH peak duration was not different between groups (CON: 7.3 ± 1.6 h versus COP: 7.2 ± 2.4 h; P = 0.94). The first ovulation time for CON and COP groups was 33.7 ± 3.9 h and 29.1 ± 3.2 h (P = 0.05), and the last ovulation time for the same groups was 37.7 ± 3.9 h and 32.6 ± 2.5 h, respectively (P = 0.02). The overall time from LH peak to ovulation was 18.6 ± 4.8 h without differences between groups (CON: 16.3 ± 5.6 h versus COP: 20.6 ± 3.3 h; P = 0.15). The number of ovulations for the CON group was 2.2 ± 0.4, and for COP group, it was 2.1 ± 0.4 (P = 0.96). It was concluded that copulation reduced estrus duration and hastened LH peak and ovulation in Boer goats.
Exploring Higher Agency Roles for Learning with Educational Technology and Multimedia

Educational technologies with multimedia content can support effective learning, but these outcomes are moderated by learners’ level of cognitive engagement or self-regulation. As a way to encourag...
Choosing the Best Server for a Data Center: The Importance of Workload Weighting

Power consumption and throughput as a function of utilization are key measures for understanding the performance-energy trade-offs of a server. Existing energy efficiency metrics use these measures in various ways. In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of taking workload characteristics into account such that the best server can be selected on a case by case basis. The best server will meet the performance demands of the workload with the lowest possible energy consumption. We rigorously evaluate existing metrics, with and without workload weighting, using publicly available SPECpower benchmark data for actual servers and a publicly available Google cluster usage data. We show that using unweighted metrics to select a server can result in selecting the wrong server ensuing in higher operational energy use, the difference being as high as 20% additional energy use. Weighting power consumption of a server by the workload distribution results in a metric that is linear and reliable in ranking of servers. An analysis of server rankings for two different existing metrics shows that our weighted metric is statistically significantly better than existing metrics. The results in this paper can help data center operators to quantify the importance of workload weighting to help them select the best server to reduce operational energy costs.
The relationship between alpha asymmetry and ADHD depends on negative affect level and parenting practices

Abstract Atypical frontal alpha asymmetry is associated with the approach/withdrawal and affective processes implicated in many psychiatric disorders. Rightward alpha asymmetry, associated with high approach, is a putative endophenotype for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, findings are inconsistent, likely because of a failure to consider emotional heterogeneity within the ADHD population. In addition, how this putative risk marker interacts with environmental factors known to increase symptom severity, such as parenting practices, has not been examined. The current study examined patterns of alpha asymmetry in a large sample of adolescents with and without ADHD, including the moderating role of negative affect and inconsistent discipline. Resting-state EEG was recorded from 169 well-characterized adolescents (nADHD = 79). Semi-structured clinical interviews and well-validated rating scales were used to create composites for negative affect and inconsistent discipline. The relationship between alpha asymmetry and ADHD diagnosis was moderated by negative affect. Right asymmetry was present only for those with ADHD and low levels of negative affect. In addition, greater right alpha asymmetry predicted severity of ADHD symptoms for those with the disorder, but only in the context of inconsistent parenting practices. Results confirm right alpha asymmetry is a possible endophenotype in ADHD but highlight the need to consider emotional heterogeneity and how biological risk interacts with child environment in order to fully characterize its relationship to disorder liability and severity.
Constitutional Erosion Caused Capitalist Decay

The author argues that the decay of liberal capitalism is the consequence of social rules that leave unconstrained the unwarranted intrusion of government into our economic affairs and reward leaders who can succeed in this process of power politics.
Structural health monitoring of towers and blades for floating offshore wind turbines using operational modal analysis and modal properties with numerical-sensor signals

Abstract In the present study, a structural health monitoring (SHM) method for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) is suggested and tested using operational modal analysis (OMA) with numerical-sensor signals. The numerical accelerometer signals along the tower and blade of FOWT in dynamic wind field are used for the OMA. The numerical-sensor signals are simulated using a time-domain turbine-floater-mooring fully-coupled dynamic simulation computer program. To perform the SHM of a FOWT through OMA, natural frequencies, displacement mode shapes (DMS), and curvature mode shapes (CMS) of the tower and blades are obtained and analyzed. The modal properties are systematically compared between the intact and damaged conditions. Their differences are used for damage detection. The results show that CMS is found to be the most effective modal property to detect damage locations and intensities. The performance of the damage detection based on the OMA-CMS analysis is verified by independent FEM (finite element method) results. This study is unique in that the SHM using OMA and CMS for FOWTs is implemented including the floater-tower-blade coupling effects. The technology can contribute to the design of remote SHM system for future FOWTs. A further validated model with field data may build up a huge database for various damage scenarios so that it can be applied to digital-twin-based smart health monitoring technology.
Electronic effects on the reaction mechanism of the metalloenzyme peptide deformylase

reaction less endergonic. The rate of reaction was found to be fastest for substituents with σp ≈ 0, and progressively slower as the substituents became increasingly electron- donating or electron-withdrawing. At σp ≈ 0, a balance is found between the reactivity of the hydroxide ligand involved in the nucleophilic attack and activation of the carbonyl group by the iron center toward that nucleophilic attack. Abstract The metalloenzyme peptide deformylase (PDF) plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of proteins by eubacteria, making the enzyme a promising target for anti- bacterial agents. In a reaction catalyzed by an Fe(II) coor- dination complex in the enzyme active site, PDF cleaves a formyl group from the N-terminus of nascent eubacterial proteins. Computational chemistry methods are combined with the use of in silico models of the enzyme chemistry to examine specific effects on the enzymatic catalysis. In particular, density functional theory calculations have been carried out on a biomimetic model system based on a het- eroscorpionate N2Sthiolate biomimetic ligand system bearing a range of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing sub- stituents. In this way, the effects of electronic changes to the metal coordination environment on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the deformylation reaction are determined. The reaction was found to be more thermodynamically favorable as the added substituents shifted from electron- withdrawing to electron-donating (or, equivalently, with decreasing Hammett parameters (σp) for the substituents). As the substituents change from electron-withdrawing to electron-donating, the hydroxide ligand responsible for initiating nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl group of the formyl-terminated peptide substrate is shown to become decreasingly strongly bound to the metal, making the
ECMO Fly/No-Fly: Development of a Triage Tool to Identify ECMO Patients Appropriate for Helicopter Transport

Objective Inter-facility transport of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients is usually by ground when within 300 miles of receiving facility. In suburban/rural environments, highway travel may not be possible and travel time may be disproportionately increased due to traffic conditions, type of roads traveled, weather, etc. Helicopter transport, when available, is more temporally consistent and can mitigate many of these travel barriers while minimizing out of hospital time; however, not all patients qualify for air transport. At our institution, where both ground ambulances and EC-145 helicopters are available for ECMO transport, we sought to develop a tool to identify potential ECMO patients for helicopter transfer as it could safely diminish out-of-hospital time. Methods Utilizing our ECMO database, we identified patient weight, estimated ground transport time, number of intravenous infusions, therapy type (veno-arterial vs. veno-venous ECMO), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) post-ECMO initiation as major factors affecting patient transport apart from travel distance. We then developed a weighted scale comprising of these variables with score ranging from 0 -15 (Figure). Patients with a score of 2-8 were considered eligible for helicopter transport (at the discretion of the ECMO team). Using this novel triage tool, we retrospectively reviewed our ECMO transports between 2017 and 2019 and determined which ground transfers were eligible for air transfer. Ground transport time was defined as total time that the patient spends in the ambulance and measured in statute miles based on roadway travel. Flight transport time was similarly defined as total time that the patient spends in the helicopter, and measured in nautical miles, as a straight line from sending to receiving hospital. Results 47 primary ECMO missions were performed, 6 by air and 41 by ground. Median ground transport time was 22 (7-54) minutes and median ground distance was 13 (3-54) statute miles. Median flight transport time was 18 (7-28) minutes and median flight distance was 15 (7-40) nautical miles/24 (13-58) statute miles. Of the ground transports, 22 (56.4%) patients had a triage score 8 or less (5 to 8) and were eligible for helicopter transfer. 17 patients had a triage score of 9 or greater (9-13) and were deemed ineligible for helicopter transfer. The most frequent factors leading to higher triage scores were high body weight and larger number of IV infusions. Upon review by the authors, this tool accurately predicted potential flight candidates. There were no differences in safety outcomes based on mode of transport. Conclusions ECMO patients appropriate for helicopter transfer can be predicted using this simple tool, minimizing patient travel distance and out-of-hospital time. Prospective validation, cost and feasibility analysis is warranted.
Zero Power X-cut LiNbO 3 MEMS-based Radio Frequency Rectifier

This paper reports the first demonstration of a passive rectifier boosted by means of a microelectromechanical (MEM) X-cut Lithium Niobate (LN) Laterally Vibrating Resonator (LVR). A high-performance device operating around 110 MHz, exhibiting a loaded quality factor ( $Q_{s}$ ) of 4,000 and showing an electromechanical coupling ( $k_{t}^{2}$ ) of 29% is coupled to a commercial diode to provide a large passive voltage amplification of the RF driving signal. We show that the implementation of this device significantly increases the rectified DC voltage probed at the output of the rectifier. Voltage gains as high as 22 dB (13 V/V) are reported. The resonator demonstrated a 13 dB gain improvement compared to a high quality factor ( $Q=50$ ) inductor implemented in the same system.
Bayesian multi-resolution spatial analysis with applications to marketing

Marketing researchers have become increasingly interested in spatial datasets. A main challenge of analyzing spatial data is that researchers must a priori choose the size and make-up of the areal units, hence the resolution of the analysis. Analyzing the data at a resolution that is too high may mask “macro” patterns, while analyzing the data at a resolution that is too low may result in aggregation bias. Thus, ideally marketing researchers would want a “data-driven” method to determine the “optimal” resolution of analysis, and at the same time automatically explore the same dataset under different resolutions, to obtain a full set of empirical insights to help with managerial decision making. In this paper, we propose a new approach for multi-resolution spatial analysis that is based on Bayesian model selection. We demonstrate our method using two recent marketing datasets from published studies: (i) the Netgrocer spatial sales data in Bell and Song (Quantitative Marketing and Economics 5:361–400, 2007), and (ii) the Pathtracker® data in Hui et al. (Marketing Science 28:566–572, 2009b; Journal of Consumer Research 36:478–493, 2009c) that track shoppers’ in-store movements. In both cases, our method allows researchers to not only automatically select the resolution of the analysis, but also analyze the data under different resolutions to understand the variation in insights and robustness to the level of aggregation.
The prevalence and clinical relevance of 2R/2R TYMS genotype in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimens.

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of 2R/2R TYMS genotype is variable but estimated to be around 20-30% in Caucasians. The clinical relevance of TYMS 2R/2R genotype in predicting severe fluoropyrimidine-related adverse events (FrAE) is controversial. Here, we explored the prevalence and clinical relevance of 2R/2R TYMS genotype. METHODS Between 2011 and 2018, 126 patients were genotyped for TYMS. FrAEs were graded according to CTCAE version 5.0. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of TYMS 2R/2R genotype was 24.6%. Among patients with TYMS genotypes (N = 71) that predict decreased TS expression, 2R/2R TYMS genotype was the most common TYMS genotype seen in female (57%) and African American (60%) patients. Among patients with genotypes that predict increased TS expression (N = 55), 12 patients had grade 3-4 FrAEs (22%), while among patients with genotypes that predict decreased TS expression (N = 71), 30 patients had grade 3-4 FrAEs (42%) (p = 0.0219). Compared to patients with genotypes predicting increased TS expression, 17 out of 31 patients (55%) with TYMS 2R/2R genotype had grade 3-4 FrAEs (p = 0.0039) and 15 out 40 patients (38%) with TYMS 2R/3RC and TYMS 3RC/3RC genotype had grade 3-4 FrAEs (p = 0.1108). CONCLUSION The prevalence of TYMS 2R/2R genotype was 24.6%, and it had a unique sex and ethnic distribution. Polymorphism in the promoter region of TYMS gene that predicts decreased TS expression due to 2R/2R variant was associated with grade 3-4 FrAEs. These data suggest that genotyping patients who are not DPD deficient for TYMS might identify patients at risk of severe FrAEs.
Fast, low-energy additive manufacturing of isotropic parts via reactive extrusion

Abstract Despite the well-documented advantages of additive manufacturing (AM) compared to conventional manufacturing processes, most AM technologies are subject to some significant limitations, including slow processing times, substantial energy needs, and anisotropic part properties, which become even more important as part size increases. To address these limitations, a reactive extrusion AM (REAM) process is introduced, in which successive layers of a thermoset resin are deposited and cured rapidly in situ with no external energy input aside from that required to pump and position the resin. Mechanical properties of tensile specimens fabricated in multiple orientations indicate that the tensile modulus and ultimate strength are isotropic, but elongation at break and toughness depend on orientation. The isotropic properties are attributed to chemical crosslinking of polymer chains that occurs between layers of printed parts. Moreover, the tensile modulus and strength are influenced by the local thermal environment in the build, which varies within the build envelope because of the exothermic nature of the polymerization reaction and affects the degree of curing within the specimen. The degree of curing was measured via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and was commensurate with the tensile strength of the tested coupons. When coupled with a large nozzle and high material flow rates, the REAM system can create nearly isotropic structural parts substantially more quickly than other AM systems, while using appreciably less energy at the point of manufacture.
Clinical Approach to Stiff Person Syndrome

Stiff person syndrome (SPS) was first described by Moersch and Woltman in 1956 at the Mayo Clinic in a series of 14 men, hence the original terminology of stiff man syndrome. Clinically, patients were described to have progressive muscle spasms and rigidity occurring primarily in the axial musculature; subsequently, it was also recognized that spasms can be confined to single limbs and body regions. A rapid, severe form of SPS was also later documented and termed progressive encephalopathy with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM). In addition to the features described by the acronym, PERM can also present with brain stem dysfunction, pyramidal signs, and autonomic involvement. Symptoms of all forms of SPS may be exacerbated by emotional and/or physiologic stress, volitional movement, or startle. Autoantibodies against the glutamic acid decarboxylase epitope 65 (GAD65) are most commonly associated with SPS; other associated autoantibodies reported in similar clinical phenotypes include those directed against glycine receptors (GlyR), γ (gamma)-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA-A) receptors, amphiphysin, gephyrin, and dipeptidyl peptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX). Electrophysiological evaluation in SPS may demonstrate co-activation of agonist and antagonist muscle groups during electromyography, although this finding is not always reproducible, especially earlier in the course of disease or in those patients who are symptomatically treated with antispasmodic medication at the time of testing. Symptomatic treatment with γ (gamma)-aminobutyric acid-B (GABA-B) receptor agonist medications, in particular the benzodiazepine diazepam, is the mainstay of symptomatic treatment. Immunotherapy responsiveness is variable, with benefits from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) most well supported. Further studies are warranted to determine the underlying pathophysiology of SPS, and randomized control trials—stratified depending on severity and disease progression—are greatly needed to determine the best treatments for SPS patients.
The Check Is in the Mail: Can Disclosure Reduce Late Payments to Suppliers?

A common corporate cash management strategy is to delay payments owed to suppliers. We examine whether buyers pay suppliers faster in response to a recent regulatory change in the United Kingdom that mandates the public disclosure of buyers’ payment practices. We find that after the regulatory change, UK firms subject to this regulation shortened their payment periods relative to several control samples of firms that were not subject to the regulation. In cross-sectional tests, we predict and find that this shortening of the payment period is attenuated for firms that are less able to bear the costs of paying suppliers faster. Specifically, we find that the reduction in the payment period is smaller for buyers that (i) have longer operating cycles, (ii) depend more heavily on trade credit as a source of external financing, and (iii) pay dividends. In supplemental tests using proprietary data, we find that buyers subject to this regulation reduced their trade credit that is overdue by 30 days or more. However, this reduction is partially offset by an increase in the trade credit that is overdue by less than 30 days. Our findings are important in light of the ongoing debate in other regimes (e.g., the United States) on whether to require additional disclosures of trade credit.