cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OR20 HLA Class II ligation by antibody induces endothelial cell permeability by promoting endocytosis of Ve-cadherin

Aim Increased microvascular dilatation and permeability occurs during allograft rejection and contributes to fibrotic remodeling and organ dysfunction in transplant recipients. Endothelial cells (EC) control vascular permeability by regulating cell-to-cell junctions. We hypothesize that HLA class II ligation on EC transduces signals that disrupt cell–cell tight junctions resulting in increased cell permeability. Methods Class II expression was achieved by transducing EC with adenoviral recombinant CIITA. EC were stimulated with mAb against monomorphic determinant present on all HLA class II antigens (F26C6G1). Western blots were used to characterize protein phosphorylation. Cell permeability was measured by FITC-dextran transwell permeability assay and Ve-Cadherin (Ve-Cad) surface expression was determined by flow cytometry. Cell junctions and Ve-cad internalization were quantified by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results Treatment of EC with anti-class II Ab activated Src, stimulated Ve-Cad phosphorylation at tyr685 and increased Ve-Cad internalization (Fig). Class II ligation decreased Ve-cad surface expression by 42 ± 5%, which was blocked by PP2. In the presence of chloroquine, class II ligation resulted in a 27 ± 4% increase in Ve-cad internalization. Immunofluorescent studies showed that Ve-Cad in the vesicles was phosphorylated and class II ligation increased pY685-Ve-Cad expression. Preincubation of EC with PP2 decreased Ve-cad phosphorylation and internalization. Class II Ab increased FITC-dextran permeability confirming that class II signaling resulting in increased vascular permeability. Our data show that class II ligation on EC mediates the disassembly of intercellular junctions by stimulating Ve-Cad phosphorylation and internalization in a Src dependent manner. Conclusions We provide evidence that HLA class II DSA promote endocytosis of Ve-Cad via Src activation, disrupting endothelial barrier function and contributing to fibrotic remodeling and organ dysfunction. Download : Download full-size image
Use of multimode fiber and 850 VCSEL arrays for high-speed parallel interconnects

A brief overview of the high-speed interconnect market is presented, along with a discussion of why 50 micron multimode fiber ribbon coupled with VCSEL array technology makes the most sense as the optimal solution for this market.
Free amino acids of fetal brain. Influence of the branched chain amino acids.

— Injection of each of the branched chain amino acids into maternal rats from the 14th to 21st day of pregnancy resulted in increased levels of these compounds in fetal serum. Furthermore, these amino acids were found in high concentration in fetal brain. The elevated levels of the branched chain amino acids were associated with a disturbance of the free amino acid pool in the brain. Isoleucine appeared to have the greatest effect in depressing the other amino acids.
Convoy Electrons from Solids in Coincidence with the Final Projectile Charge State

We measure the yield and final velocity distribution of electrons accompanying the projectile exiting from thin solid targets in coincidence with the projectile charge state. We find that the yield per emergent projectile and the longitudinal velocity distribution is independent of the final projectile charge state.
Investigating Optimal Replacement of Aging Air Force Systems

An availability‐oriented approach has been developed to decide when to replace an aging system. For an existing system, it is optimal to operate another year if and only if the incremental cost per available year is less than the lifetime average cost per available year of a new aircraft. We illustrate our approach using United States Air Force KC‐135 tanker data. In demonstrating our approach, we find it will be optimal to replace the KC‐135 by the end of the decade.
Age effects on zinc metabolism in the rat

Abstract 1. 1. Newborn rats eliminated injected 65 Zn more slowly than did weanlings or adults. 2. 2. The largest fraction of 65 Zn was found in the skeleton of newborn and weanling rats and in the muscle of adults. 3. 3. Dialysis of liver homogenates against EDTA resulted in a more rapid removal of 65 Zn from neonatal than from weanling or adult liver.
A Critical Review of Cranial Ultrasounds: Is There a Closer Association Between Intraventricular Blood, White Matter Abnormalities or Cysts, and Cerebral Palsy?

In an attempt to determine cranial ultrasonographic features of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and/or periventricular white matter abnormalities (PVWMA) that could serve as more specific predictors of cerebral palsy (CP), we reviewed the cranial sonograms of 34 infants with IVH and/or PVWMA. Fourteen of the 34 infants studied (41%) developed CP. One of five infants with grade III IVH alone developed CP. Eleven infants with PVWMA did not develop cysts and only two (18%) developed CP (p = 0.04). Of the 18 infants who went on to develop cysts, four had a small, discrete solitary cyst and 14 had large cystic areas. Three of the four with small cysts were neurologically normal, whereas only three of the 14 with large cysts were neurologically normal (p = 0.04). Preterm infants with grade III IVH in the absence of any parenchymal lesion had a more favorable neurologic outcome than those with IVH and concomitant PVWMA. Infants with PVWMA in the presence or absence of IVH had much poorer neurologic prognoses. In infants with PVWM abnormalities, both the presence and extent of cystic lesions, though not their location, are the strongest predictors of long-term neurologic outcome.
A cumulative-summation-based stochastic knock controller

AbstractIn this paper, an analysis of knock signals suggests that the knock intensity is a cyclically uncorrelated random process, and that it is therefore not possible to control individual cycles...
Large eddy simulation using a high-order nodal discontinuous galerkin method on unstructured grids

In this paper we discuss the development of a robust, high-order Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) spectral element method for LES of compressible flows. The method secures geometrical flexibility through a fully unstructured grid (triangles in 2D and tetrahedral elements in 3D), allows for arbitrary order of accuracy and has excellent stability properties. An element based filtering technique is used in conjunction with the dynamic procedure to model the effect of sub-grid scales.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Comparison between two nonlinear process-model based controllers

Abstract Nonlinear process-model based control (PMBC) refers to methods that use a nonlinear process model directly, without linearization, for process control. Nonlinear internal model control, IMC (Economou et al., Ind. Engng Chem., Process Des. Dev. 20 , 147, 1986) and generic model control, GMC (Lee and Sullivan, Comput. chem. Engng. 12 , 513, 1988a,b) are compared on an idealized SISO CSTR and on a SISO heat exchanger. GMC and nonlinear IMC gave nearly the same performance throughout a wide range of process nonlinearity and process gain. Additionally, nonlinear predictive model control (Parrish and Brosilow, AIChE Jl 34 , 633, 1988) and GMC gave equivalent performance on the start-up of an exothermic CSTR. The idealized CSTR was an oper-loop unstable, lumped-parameter process without deadtime. By contrast, the heat exchanger was an open- loop stable, distributed-parameter process with transport delay. These two processes were selected on the basis that they express process features, which cause control difficulties (nonlinearity, deadtime, instability, high order). While each nonlinear PMBC method provided robust control in the face of significant process/model mismatch for both nonlinear processes, no difference in control performance was found among the nonlinear PMBC methods tested.
Isolation of a granulocyte colony inhibitory factor derived from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils.

Abstract An inhibitory factor obtained from mature human granulocytes which suppresses granulocyte and monocyte-macrophage colony formation by an action on the endogenous colony stimulating factor-producing cells has been partially purified and characterized. The methods for purification consisted of a combination of ultracentrifugation, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The material had a molecular weight range of 102–128 000 and an isoelectric point between pH 6.2 and 6.4. The inhibitory factor was found to be heat stable and glycoprotein in nature.
Electrophoretic analysis of testicular protein components in developing Tenebrio molitor

Abstract The testicular protein products of prepupal, pupal and adult Tenebrio molitor were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The 27 testicular protein components differed in their molecular weights and charge properties. Since these components were present at different developmental ages and persisted for distinct lengths of time, some of these proteins may be necessary for the formation of specific germ cell types during differentiation. In addition, a variety of these testicular proteins incorporated [ 3 H]-leucine at measurable levels throughout development, particularly during the pupal stage. 20-Hydroxyecdysone administration (1.5 μg per animal) stimulated the incorporation of [ 3 H]-leucine into specific testicular protein components that were not radioactively labelled when testes from non-treated animals or animals injected with a lower dose of 20-hydroxyecdysone (0.5 μg per animal) at the same age of normal development were analyzed. Thus, the higher dose of 20-hydroxyecdysone appeared to alter the testicular differentiation programme by enhancing the incorporation of [ 3 H]-leucine into not only the age-specific testicular proteins but also into new proteins not normally present at these specific ages.
Investigation of wheat straw biodegradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Abstract Production of renewable fuels and chemicals from biomass requires an efficient pretreatment technology, which further depends on better understanding of biodegradation process of such lignocellulosic biomass. The biodegradation of wheat straw by Phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated in this study. The fungal secretomes and compositional, functional groups and structural changes of the fungal spent wheat straw lignin were determined. The result showed ∼ 30% loss of total lignin within three weeks of biopretreatment by P. chrysosporium. Detailed structural analysis through two dimentional heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence nuclear magnatic resonance (2D HMQC NMR) of the pretreated lignin (acetylated) revealed low abundance of substructures D (dibenzodioxacin) and E (cinnamyl alcohol). Further, analysis of lignin by Fourier Transmission Infrared (FTIR) and Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) demonstrated the significant decrease of guaiacyl (G) units. The results support the previous findings in the biodegradation of wheat straw analyzed by 13C cross polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS). Revealing the characteristic behavior of P. chrysosporium mediated biomass degradation, the information presented in this paper offers new insights for understanding the biological lignin degradation of wheat straw by P. chrysosporium.
Kinetic study of the mass transfer of S-Tröger's base in the system cellulose triacetate and ethanol.

A recent study of the mass transfer kinetics of (-)- or S-Troger's base (TB) between ethanol and microcrystalline cellulose triacetate (CTA) allows an analysis of the concentration dependence of the mass transfer rate coefficient (k(m)). S-TB elutes before R-TB. The retention time of the both compounds decreases with increasing temperature. In this study, experimental data measured between 30 and 50 degrees C were analyzed to provide information on the kinetics of several mass transfer processes which take place in the chromatographic column, i.e., axial and intraparticle dispersion, the fluid-to-particle mass transfer, and the kinetics of adsorption/desorption at the actual adsorption sites. Intraparticle diffusion has the dominant contribution to band broadening at high flow-rates. Both intraparticle diffusivity and the surface diffusion coefficient exhibit a small concentration dependence. The positive dependence of k(m) on the concentration of S-TB seems to result from the properties of the adsorption/desorption kinetics and can be interpreted by considering the phase equilibrium properties. A quantitative analysis of the activation energy of the mass transfer kinetics of S-TB in the CTA column was also attempted.
Simplified synthesis of nitrate form of layered double hydroxide

The present study reports a simplified method to synthesize the nitrate forms of layered double hydroxides (LDHs). LDHs or anionic clays with Mg:Al ratios of 2:1, 2.5:1 and 3:1 and mostly containing nitrate anions were prepared at 25°C, 60°C and 100°C without controlled atmospheric conditions. The nitrate form of anionic clay is a potential candidate for the development of slow-release nitrate fertilizer.
Affect and Cognitions in Obese Binge Eaters and Nonbinge Eaters: The Association Between Depression, Anxiety, and Bulimic Cognitions

Abstract Levels of depression, anxiety, and related cognitions; cognitions associated with the bulimia syndrome; and cognitions concerning eating and dieting were compared for 25 obese binge eaters and 27 obese nonbinge eaters at a private weight reduction center. Obese bingers demonstrated higher levels of anxiety, depression, and related cognitions than nonbingers. Obese bingers also reported more dysfunctional cognitions related to the bulimia syndrome generally and to dieting and eating behaviors. Further, maladaptive cognitions related to bulimia and eating and dieting continued to discriminate between obese bingers and nonbingers when levels of depression and anxiety were statistically controlled, whereas differences in dysphoric and anxiety-related cognitions were eliminated under these conditions. The results suggest that cognitions related to bulimia and dysfunctional dieting and eating
Communications. The Need for A More Intensive Analysis of Union Organizing Campaigns: Comment

The article describes some characteristics of the firm, employees and community that influence union organizations in the U.S. According to the author, there are characteristics of the particular f...
The nonprofit sector and industry performance

Abstract Despite the importance of nonprofit industries in the economy, little analysis has been conducted as to whether the behavior of such industries differs from that of for-profit industries. Extending previous firm-level analyses, we propose a neoclassical theory with an endogenous nonprofit sector. Our analysis implies that nonprofit firms have a competitive advantage over for-profit firms, so that marginal changes in the industry operate through the for-profit sector. As such, marginal industry behavior is identical to that of a for-profit industry and nonprofit regulations may have a limited impact or even no impact on overall industry performance. Our theory has the methodological advantage that standard for-profit analysis applies directly to nonprofit firms, because they can be analyzed as for-profit firms with lower costs. We discuss aspects of the empirical literature that test this theory of nonprofit activity.
Reverse short channel effects in high-k gated nMOSFETs

Abstract Anomalous threshold voltage roll-up behavior, commonly referred as reverse short channel effect (RSCE), has been observed in high-k (HfO2 on SiON buffer, Al2O3 on SiON buffer) gated submicron nMOSFETs, while the SiO2 or SiON control samples show normal short channel effect (SCE) behavior. The possible causes such as inhomogeneous channel doping profile and gate oxide thickness variation near S/D ends have been ruled out. The results indicate that interface trap density that dependents on channel length is the main cause of the RSCE observed here. In addition, oxide charge also plays a role.
TU‐G‐108‐02: Left Atrium Dose‐Volume Parameters Predict for Clinically Significant Radiation Pneumonitis

Purpose: To detect and quantify the association between cardiac substructure irradiation and the risk of developing radiation pneumonitis (RP) within a multivariate framework for patients treated with conventional external beam radiotherapy for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: All evaluable 3‐D conformal radiation therapy (3D‐CRT) treatment plans for patients with registered outcomes treated for NSCLC between 1991 and 2001 were eligible for this study (N=209). RP events occurred in 49 (23.4%) patients, with events defined as requiring steroid management or more intensive intervention (CTCAE v.4.0 Grade 2 or greater). Cardiac substructures including the left ventricle, right ventricle, left atrium, right atrium, ascending aorta, and descending aorta were contoured and individually reviewed by a single physician. Cross‐validation methods were used to build a multivariate model included clinical factors (age, gender, race, performance status, weight loss, smoking history, and histology); dosimetric parameters for cardiac substructures and normal lung [D5–D100, V10–V80, mean dose, maximum dose, and minimum dose ]; other treatment factors (chemotherapy, treatment time, fraction size); and the center of mass of the GTV within the lung, in the superior‐inferior dimension (GTV_COMSI). An optimal multivariate model was obtained by step‐wise variable selection and logistic regression. Results: Statistically significant variables (p less than 0.05) with the highest univariate Spearman rank correlations (Rs) included: Left atrium D5 (Rs,0.235), left atrium D10 (Rs,0.228), right ventricle Dmax (Rs,0.2), right atrium Dmax (Rs,0.197), and GTV_COMSI (Rs,0.22). The optimal logistic model used four variables, incorporating the left atrium D20 and V30, the lung D35, and the GTV_COMSI; (Rs=0.31) with an area under the receiver‐operator curve of 0.75. The best model using only whole‐heart variables had an Rs=0.26. Conclusion: Left atrium dose‐volume parameters had greater predictive power than other heart substructures and previously derived lung parameters to predict RP, and were incorporated into a robust prognostic multiparametric model.
Overlap Frequency-Domain Multiuser Detection for Asynchronous Uplink Multiuser MIMO-OFDM Systems

In this paper, we propose a novel multiuser detection (MUD) method that is robust against timing offset between wireless terminals (WTs) for the multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) uplink. In the proposed method, MUD is carried out in the frequency-domain using overlapping fast Fourier transform (FFT) windows. After the inverse FFT (IFFT) operation, the samples obtained at both ends of each FFT window are discarded to suppress the effect of inter-block interference (IBI). Thus, it realizes an MUD regardless of the arrival timing differences of the signals from the WTs. The achievable bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed MUD method is evaluated by computer simulations in a frequency selective fading channel.
The effect of strong flux line correlations on the irreversibility line of high temperature superconductors

Abstract A phenomenological model is proposed to account for a recently observed crossover in the temperature dependence of the irreversibility line of high temperature superconductors from a (1 - T/Tc) 3 2 to a (1 - T/Tc)3 dependence. The model, which distinguishes between weak correlations and strong correlations in the flux line lattice, indicates that the crossover should occur at magnetic fields corresponding to a flux line spacing of about λ/4, λ being the penetration depth transverse to the field.
Immunologic and morphologic studies of the acute effect of anti-lung serum☆

Abstract When normal CD strain rats are injected intravenously with rabbit antiserum to rat lung they develop lung and kidney lesions which resemble those of Goodpasture's syndrome. The present study shows that IgG prepared from this serum possesses the following properties: (1) It reacts with a globulin-free insoluble lung tissue extract in the antiglobulin consumption test and with a soluble lung extract in the complement-fixation test; (2) It localizes in alveolar septa and glomerular tufts; and (3) It is both pneumotoxic and nephrotoxic causing pulmonary hemorrhage and edema, and glomerulonephritis. Electron microscopic evidence shows that alveolar endothelial cells are injured during the acute pneumotoxic response and supports the view that these cells are primary immunologic targets in situ .
The exchange current density vs. Concentration relation and its use in a rigorous determination of solution purity

Summary By lowering the concentration of a reactant or product (or both) of an equilibrium exchange, the effect of impurities on io can be detected when the concentration of these impurities are significant in relation to the equilibrium potential of the reaction being studied. Thus the concentration of reactant and/or product that will be affected by impurities can be determined. In any electrochemical study that involves changes in concentrations of reactants and/or products by polarization, when conditions are such that these reduced concentrations are reached, the effects of impurities on the overall kinetics should be expected. In addition, if the impurities (either solution or electrode) influence catalytic processes, then the minimum concentrations at which equilibria are maintained gives a measure of the point at which impurities will significantly affect such catalytic processes. If a second equilibrium exchange below a given concentration of either O or R is suspected, further reduction of the other component should indicate if such a change is due to impurities or not. For equilibrium surface processes that involve intermediates adsorbed on a surface that control the rate of exchange, the exchange current density vs. concentration relation must, as shown by Parsons for H atoms8, be corrected using the proper adsorption isotherms. For such processes the fraction of available sites covered with the reactive intermediate may be estimated. In addition, the mechanism of the intermediate exchange may be indicated. Although the proposed method can give a rigorous definition of interfering impurity levels and can indicate the potential region for which the impurity does not significantly interfere with the kinetics, the experimental difficulty rapidly increases as the impurity level decreases.
Multinational Corporations, the State, and Contemporary Medicine

In this paper we explore the ways in which corporations have become powerful actors in the political and economic landscapes, and the role the state has played in this development. Focusing on the ...
The Chaperone IpgC Copurifies with the Virulence Regulator MxiE

The expression of a subset of Shigella flexneri virulence genes is dependent upon a cytoplasmic chaperone, IpgC, and an activator from the AraC/XylS family, MxiE. In this paper, we report that the chaperone forms a specific and stable heteromer with MxiE.
Suppression of lymphocyte proliferation by proteins secreted by cultured Sertoli cells

Secreted proteins from cultured rat Sertoli cells were assessed for effects on phytolectin-stimulated rat splenic lymphocytes. Sertoli cell proteins (SCP) suppressed DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in stimulated rat splenic lymphocytes whether added at 0, 4, 24 and 48 h after culture initiation. SCP preparations were not toxic to cells. SCP suppressive activity was heat stable but was not associated with the carbohydrate component of SCP preparations. SCP also suppressed the proliferation of lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell lines from several different animal species but did not inhibit proliferation-independent lysis of YAC-1 target cells by rat natural killer cells. These results suggest that Sertoli cells synthesize inhibitory factors that might be secreted into seminal plasma. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that one mode of action of these factors is suppression of cell proliferation.
Prognostic Significance of Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein Expression in Axillary Lymph Node-Negative Breast Cancer

BACKGROUND Cellular proliferation, as measured by S-phase fraction, is an important predictor of breast cancer prognosis. The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have been shown to regulate proliferation in both normal and neoplastic cells by interacting with specific cell surface receptors. In addition to these receptors, high-affinity extracellular binding proteins also modulate IGF action. These insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) could influence breast cancer growth and, like other biological parameters of proliferation, could be related to prognosis. PURPOSE To test whether IGFBP expression was related to other biological parameters and disease-free survival, we measured IGFBP expression in 238 lymph node-negative primary breast cancer specimens. METHODS Proteins were extracted from breast cancer specimens and analyzed by semiquantitative IGF-I ligand blotting for IGFBP expression. IGFBP expression levels were compared to tumor size, age, S-phase fraction, DNA ploidy, and estrogen and progesterone receptor expression by Spearman correlation. RESULTS Binding protein (BP)-2, BP-3, BP-4, and BP-5 were identified in breast cancer extracts. Estrogen receptor expression was positively correlated with BP-2 (Spearman correlation coefficient, rs = .262; P = .0001), BP-4 (rs = .313; P = .0001), and BP-5 (rs = .242; P = .0002). Similar correlations between progesterone receptor and BP-2, BP-4, and BP-5 were also found. BP-3 was inversely correlated with age (rs = -.251, P = .0001). BP-4 was weakly inversely correlated with tumor size (rs = -.141; P = .0295) and S-phase fraction (rs = -.216; P = .0025). Since tumor size and S-phase fraction are powerful predictors of prognosis in node-negative breast cancer, we examined the value of BP-4 as a predictor of disease-free survival. When stratified by tumor size, patients with large (> 2 cm) tumors that expressed low levels of BP-4 had improved survival when compared with patients with large tumors and high BP-4 levels (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS IGFBPs can be detected in breast cancer specimens, and their level of expression correlates with other known biological parameters of breast cancer. Large tumors with low levels of BP-4 have relatively favorable prognoses. IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that the IGFBPs may play a role in breast cancer biology and that BP-4 levels, analyzed in conjunction with tumor size, may have prognostic significance.
A numerical algorithm for flame advection and propagation

Abstract We simulate the flow of a pre-mixed, reactive, incompressible, viscous fluid, using a combination of vortex methods and a flame propagation algorithm based on Huyghens' principle. The combustion part of the problem is modeled by a variation of the SLIC algorithm, which involves the use of a flame dictionary. The combined algorithms are tested on a cold flat plate with different free stream velocities; the results show the effects of cold boundaries and turbulence on the burning process.
Social and Gendered Readings of Illness Narratives

This essay recognizes that the interactions that define medical care are problematic and that narrative is invoked to overcome these strains. Being grounded in science, medicine, too, might be influenced by a particular world-view that arose in the natural philosophy of the Scientific Revolution. If narrative responds to this sort of medicine, it may retain traces of this mindset. A feminist approach responds to this viewpoint and may used beneficially to analyze both the story of medicine and the stories within medicine. Tensions discussed from this perspective are those between sickness and health and those between patient and provider; also questioned are suitable form(s) of narrative and whose narratives are valued. Suggestions for broadening narrative to address these issues include letting the body speak for itself, overcoming the power differential in the patient/provider interaction and using standpoints to foster a more equal and just medical system.
Significance of rare mRNA sequences in liver

From mRNA-DNA hybridization studies it is known that eukaryotic mRNAs occur in several abundance classes. One such study with mammalian liver mRNA indicates that in this tissue the most complex abundance class consists of messenger RNAs present in 5–40 copies per cell. The other abundance classes are less complex and consist of mRNA sequences present an average of 250 and 7200 times per cell. In this paper we summarize approximate calculations of the number of mRNA molecules needed to sustain the steady-state quantities of 40 rodent liver proteins. Data were obtained from the literature regarding subunit molecular weights, degradation rate constants, and the concentration of each of these proteins in liver. The sample of proteins was chosen simply on the basis of the availability of the relevant data in the literature. For 13 of these proteins more direct estimates of mRNA frequency per cell could also be derived from measurements of the fraction of total protein synthesis accounted for by the protein in question. In all cases these estimates agreed within a factor of 2 to 3 with the values calculated from protein concentration and turnover rates. Several proteins known to be expressed in a histospecific way in liver were found to require steady-state mRNA concentrations in the range of only 1–30 copies per cell. This suggests that at least some of the mRNAs in the lowest abundance class are present as the result of the specific regulation of structural gene transcription.
Tetracycline Resistance in Periodontal Pathogens

Antimicrobial agents are used in combination with debridement to eliminate putative periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, from diseased tissues. The most frequently used antimicrobial agents are the tetracyclines. However, these agents are not effective in some patients. This lack of efficacy may be due to antimicrobial resistance. As many as 75% of the bacteria in the subgingival flora may be resistant to tetracycline after long-term, low-dose treatment. Tetracycline resistance is mediated by the tet(M) determinant in some isolates of Veillonella species and Fusobacterium nucleatum, while a DNA probe to the tet(Q) determinant hybridizes to isolates of Prevotella denticola and P. intermedia. The mechanism of tetracycline resistance for most periodontal organisms, however, has yet to be determined. Before tetracycline is used as adjunctive therapy for refractory periodontitis, the subgingival bacterial flora should be tested for susceptibility.
'Once more, with irony': karaoke and social class.

Abstract Karaoke’s mimetic character can provide a conduit for personal growth and interpersonal empathy. Yet karaoke is not always understood this way, and one factor determining how it is understood is social class. Karaoke’s class markers have been clear, though very different, in Eastern and Western cultures. Whereas in Japan karaoke first became popular among the upper‐middle class, in the US it was popularized by the working and lower‐middle classes. As karaoke gained a following among working‐class Americans it was often shunned by the urban middle class. Yet by the late 1990s an alternative aesthetic of karaoke, characterized by an ironic performance style, developed among middle‐class urbanites. This essay attempts to describe these opposing styles of mimetic and ironic performance, to explain the motives behind them, and to consider what happens when they come into contact.
DERIVATION AND IMPLICATIONS OF A META‐ANALYTIC MATRIX INCORPORATING COGNITIVE ABILITY, ALTERNATIVE PREDICTORS, AND JOB PERFORMANCE

A variety of recent articles in the personnel selection literature have used analyses of meta-analytically derived matrices to draw general conclusions for the field. The purpose of this article is to construct a matrix that incorporates as complete information as possible on the relationships among cognitive ability measures, three sets of alternative predictors, and job performance, We build upon a starting matrix used by Schmitt, Rodgers, Chan, Sheppard, and Jennings (1997). Mean differences, by race, for each of the measures and the potential for adverse impact of predictor composites are also considered. We demonstrate that the use of alternative predictors alone to predict job performance (in the absence of cognitive ability) lowers the potential for adverse impact. However, in contrast to recent claims, adverse impact continues to occur at many commonly used selection ratios. Future researchers are encouraged to use our matrix and to expand upon it as new primary research becomes available. We also report and reaffirm many methodological lessons along the way, including the many judgment calls that appear in an effort of this magnitude and a reminder that the field could benefit from even greater conceptual care regarding what is labeled an “alternative predictor.” Directions for future meta-analyses and for future primary research activities are also derived.
Cell motility: ARNOand ARF6 at the cutting edge

The transition of epithelial cells from a stationary to a motile state is important in embryogenesis, wound repair and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that ARNO and ARF6 play significant roles in coordinating this transition, providing new insight into the interplay between the Rho and ARF families of GTPases.
Survivable communication concept via multiple low Earth-orbiting satellites

An overview of a reliable cross-link communication system using multiple low-Earth-orbit satellites is presented, covering the overall network concept, data packet routing, communication techniques including antenna subsystems, communication parameter tradeoffs, signal processing, and the overall radio design concept definition. The critical issue addressed is the maximum cross-link distance coverage obtained under stressed conditions by utilizing an optimal coding technique for a given prime power of the satellite. >
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in older men reduced AAA mortality at 13 years

Source Citation Thompson SG, Ashton HA, Gao L, Buxton MJ, Scott RA. Final follow-up of the Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study (MASS) randomized trial of abdominal aortic aneurysm screening. Br J ...
The Politics of Shame: The Condemnation of Country Human Rights Practices in the UNCHR

Although the United Nations Commission on Human Rights served as the primary forum in which governments publicly named and shamed others for abusing their citizens, the practices of the commission have been largely ignored by political scientists. To address that deficiency, this study analyzes the actions of the commission and its members' voting records in the 1977–2001 period. It establishes that targeting and punishment by the commission decreasingly fit the predictions of a realist perspective, in which naming and shaming is an inherently political exercise, and increasingly fit the predictions of a liberal “reputation” perspective, in which governments hold others to their promises, and a constructivist “social conformity” perspective, in which governments distribute and respond to social rewards and punishments. With the end of the Cold War, the commission's targeting and punishment of countries was based less on partisan ties, power politics, and the privileges of membership, and more on those countries' actual human rights violations, treaty commitments, and active participation in cooperative endeavors such as peacekeeping operations.
Differential inertial focusing of particles in curved low-aspect-ratio microchannels

Microfluidic-based manipulation of particles is of great interest due to the insight it provides into the physics of hydrodynamic forces. Here, we study a particle-size-dependent phenomenon based on differential inertial focusing that utilizes the flow characteristics of curved, low aspect ratio (channel width ≫ height), microfluidic channels. We report the emergence of two focusing points along the height of the channel (z-plane), where different sized particles are focused and ordered in evenly spaced trains at correspondingly different lateral positions within the channel cross-section. We applied the system for continuous ordering and separation of suspension particles.
Review: transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of interleukin 1 gene expression.

Abstract Interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and β (IL-1β) are proinflammatory cytokines that are encoded by distinct genes, but share most biological activities. During the past several years, intense investigation has focused on elucidating the molecular basis for the regulation of IL-1α and β gene expression. While the overall organization of both genes is conserved in mammals, the DNA sequence homology is surprisingly limited. This supports the growing body of evidence suggesting that each gene is regulated by distinct cis- and trans- acting elements. Most recently, novel regulatory DNA sequence elements and several nuclear regulatory proteins have been identified, which ultimately participate in the control of IL-1β gene transcription. In addition to transcriptional controls, the stability of IL-1 mRNA can be selectively regulated by various inducing stimuli and other cytokines. Taken together, these transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms provide stringent, yet flexible, control over expression of the IL-1α and β genes.
Evaluation of Genetically Engineered Derivatives of a Chinese Strain of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Reveals a Novel Cell-Binding Site Which Functions in Cell Culture and in Animals

Adaptation of field isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to grow in cells in culture can result in changes in viral properties that include acquisition of the ability to bind to cell surface heparan sulfate (HS). After 13 passages on BHK cells to produce a vaccine, a Cathay topotype isolate of FMDV serotype O from China (O/CHA/90) extended its cell culture host range and bound to heparin-Sepharose, although it did not require cell surface HS as a receptor molecule. To understand these phenomena, we constructed chimeric viruses by using a type A12 infectious cDNA and the capsid protein-coding regions of O/CHA/90 and its cell culture-adapted derivative (vac-O/CHA/90). Using a set of viruses derived from these chimeras by exchanging portions of the capsid-coding regions, we discovered that a group of amino acid residues that surround the fivefold axis of the icosahedral virion determine host range in cell culture and influence pathogenicity in pigs. These residues included aromatic amino acids at positions 108 and 174 and positively charged residues at positions 83 and 172 in protein 1D. To test if these residues participated in non-integrin-dependent cell binding, the integrin-binding RGD sequence in protein 1D was changed to KGE in two different chimeras. Evaluation of these KGE viruses indicated that growth in cell culture was not dependent on HS. One of these viruses was tested in pigs, where it produced a mild disease and maintained its KGE sequence. These results are discussed in terms of receptor utilization and pathogenesis of this important pathogen.
A new approach to examining scorpion peg sensilla: the mineral oil flood technique

Abstract All scorpions possess jointed, ventral appendages called pectines. These organs have chemosensory, peg-shaped sensilla that detect substrate-borne chemicals. Previous physiological studies show that neurons within peg sensilla respond to an assortment of volatile organic chemical stimulants blown across the sensillar opening. We developed an improved method of chemical stimulant delivery called the mineral oil flood technique to further investigate the neural circuitry of scorpion pectines. The new mineral oil flood technique allows us to deliver chemical stimulants directly to individual sensilla by introducing a polar, liquid substance under non-polar mineral oil. Unlike previous methods of stimulant delivery, the mineral oil flood technique allows for precise control over the duration of direct contact between a liquid stimulant of known concentration and a sensillum.
Stern-Gerlach Effect for Electron Beams

The conflict between Bohr's assertion that the magnetic moment of the electron cannot be measured with experiments based on the concept of classical trajectories, and the measurement of the magnetic moment of electrons in a modified Penning trap by Dehmelt et al. has led us to reevaluate other implications of Bohr's assertion. We show that, contrary to the analysis of Bohr and Pauli, the assumption of classical trajectories in a Stern-Gerlach--like device can result in a high degree of spin separation for an electron beam. This effect may persist within a fully quantum-mechanical analysis. The magnetic fields considered are such that a tabletop Stern-Gerlach electron spin filter is feasible.
Evaluation of closed reduction and screw fixation in lag fashion of sacroiliac fracture-luxations.

Objective— To evaluate outcome by radiographic assessment after closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation in lag fashion of sacroiliac fracture-luxations in dogs. Study Design— Retrospective study. Animals— Dogs (n=24) with sacroiliac fracture-luxations. Methods— Medical records (1999–2006) and radiographs of 24 dogs (29 fracture-luxations) that had stabilization of sacroiliac fracture-luxation by fluoroscopic-guided closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation in lag fashion were reviewed. Signalment, body weight, number, and location of all concurrent injuries and implants used for repair were recorded. Radiographs were used to evaluate the accuracy of screw placement in the sacral body, screw depth/sacral width ratio, reduction of the sacroiliac joint, pelvic canal diameter, and hemipelvic canal width. Radiographic re-examination (range, 4 to >8 weeks postoperatively) was available for evaluation. Results— Mean screw depth/sacral width ratio on immediate postoperative and re-examination radiographs was 64% and 61%, respectively. Mean percentage reduction of the sacroiliac joint on immediate postoperative and re-examination radiographs were 91% and 87%, respectively. Pelvic canal diameter ratio demonstrated successful restoration of the pelvic canal. Hemipelvic canal width ratio documented successful closed reduction repair independent of concurrent pelvic injuries. Conclusion— Successful repair of sacroiliac fracture-luxations, determined by radiographic assessment, can be achieved by fluoroscopic-guided closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation in lag fashion. Clinical Relevance— Fluoroscopic-guided closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation in lag fashion of sacroiliac fracture-luxations is a minimally invasive technique that restores and maintains pelvic canal dimensions and should be considered as an alternative to open reduction or nonsurgical management of sacroiliac fracture-luxations.
Visualization of nitric oxide production in the mouse main olfactory bulb by a cell-trappable copper(II) fluorescent probe

We report the visualization of NO production using fluorescence in tissue slices of the mouse main olfactory bulb. This discovery was possible through the use of a novel, cell-trappable probe for intracellular nitric oxide detection based on a symmetric scaffold with two NO-reactive sites. Ester moieties installed onto the fluorescent probe are cleaved by intracellular esterases to yield the corresponding negatively charged, cell-impermeable acids. The trappable probe Cu2(FL2E) and the membrane-impermeable acid derivative Cu2(FL2A) respond rapidly and selectively to NO in buffers that simulate biological conditions, and application of Cu2(FL2E) leads to detection of endogenously produced NO in cell cultures and olfactory bulb brain slices.
Imaginary time path integral Monte Carlo route to rate coefficients for nonadiabatic barrier crossing

Nonadiabatic transitions such as some biological electron transfers are difficult to simulate on a computer because they seem to need long real time quantum dynamics simulations. In fact rates are often dominated by saddle point trajectories in imaginary time. This paper describes a way in which this observation can be exploited with path integral Monte Carlo methods.
Increased fetal cell trafficking in murine lung following complete pregnancy loss from exposure to lipopolysaccharide

To determine whether chemically induced miscarriage affects fetomaternal trafficking in a mouse model, we measured the amount of fetal DNA present in various maternal organs by polymerase chain reaction amplification following exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As the frequency of fetal cells and the number of animals with detectable microchimerism following LPS injection were significantly increased, particularly in lung tissue compared to controls, with no signs of an inflammatory response, we conclude that LPS-induced miscarriage results in increased murine fetomaternal cell trafficking, supporting a relationship between fetal loss and the establishment of fetal cell microchimerism.
Correlated aggregate model of self-healing in dye-doped polymers

Self healing of chromophores in a dye-doped polymer after photodegradation is a counterintuitive process based on the nearly universal observation that molecular damage is a thermodynamically irreversible process. We propose a new simple model of this phenomenon that takes into account all observations, including the effects of concentration, temperature, and bystander states. Critical to this model are correlations between chromophores, perhaps mediated by the polymer, which actively favors the undamaged species in analogy to Bose-Einstein condensation. We use this model to predict the behavior of decay and recovery experiments as measured with amplified spontaneous emission and absorption spectroscopy.
97 Sensitivity of cyanobacteria to a potential biological control agent, bacterium SG‐3

Cyanobacteria cause many problems in freshwater ecosystems. For example, the production of off-flavor compounds by cyanobacteria causes serious problems in catfish aquaculture. Control of cyanobacteria is generally limited to treatment with copper compounds, which are non-selective and sometimes ineffective at controlling certain species of cyanobacteria. Biological control could provide selective management by removing unwanted species while leaving desirable algae species. A bacterium (SG-3) (NRRL B-30043) lyses a number of planktonic species of cyanobacteria including bloom-forming species of Anabaena and Oscillatoria. We tested SG-3 for activity against 10 isolates, representing seven species, of mat-forming cyanobacteria within the genera Oscillatoria, Lyngbya, and Phormidium. Plugs (0.5 cm diameter) were cut from mats of the cyanobacterium, inoculated with liquid cultures of SG-3, and incubated as static cultures. The reduction in dry weights ranged from –0.5% to 90% compared to the untreated controls and appeared to be species specific. For example, dry weight reductions of Oscillatoria deflexoides and O. amoena ranged from 80 to 90% whereas the reduction of O. limosa tended to be lower at 36 to 72%. Although results varied among and within species, they indicate that this bacterium could have potential for use as a biological control for mat-forming cyanobacteria. Light microscopic observations indicate the bacteria do not penetrate the cyanobacteria cells. Currently, we are studying the possible causes of the observed cell lysis.
Dying on one's own terms.

Just as I select my ship as I am about to go on a voyage, so I shall choose my death when I am about to depart from life.—Lucius Annaeus Seneca, c. 4 BC—65 AD