cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of transcriptase and replicase particles isolated from reovirus-infected cells.

Abstract Double-stranded RNA-dependent single-stranded RNA polymerase (transcriptase) and single-stranded RNA-dependent double-stranded RNA polymerase (replicase) were isolated from reovirus-infected cells. Both transcriptase and replicase were associated with subviral particles that could be separated by velocity sedimentation in glycerol density gradients and by equilibrium sedimentation in CsCl density gradients. The transcriptase particles (ϱ = 1.42 g/cm 3 ) which sedimented at approximately 220 S contained double-stranded RNA and the virus-specific polypeptides λ1, λ2, μ0, and σ2. The majority of the replicase particles (ϱ = 1.35 g/cm 3 ) sedimented at approximately 180 S. These particles were composed of single-stranded, partially double-stranded and double-stranded RNA and the virus-specific polypeptides λ1, λ2, μ2, σ1, σ2, and σ3. Both particles were approximately 40 nm in diameter.
AUTONOMIC CONTROL OF THYROID SECRETION

THE AUTONOMIC control of thyroid function has been the subject of an extensive I controversial literature. Investigation of this problem in numerous ingenious J L histological, physiological and chemical experiments has not resulted in its solution. Nevertheless, the impression persists that the autonomic nervous system is somehow related to regulation of thyroid function. Advances in knowledge of the physiology of the thyroid gland were practically at a standstill just prior to the discovery of the anterior hypophyseal thyrotropic hormone. That discovery, aside from its significance in demonstrating an important relation between the anterior pituitary and thyroid glands, gave fresh impetus to the nvestigation of various phases of thyroid function by offering a new experimental approach. For this reason we returned to the study of a problem which had been the ubject of a series of experiments in this laboratory about twenty years ago. Our present efforts were planned from several points of view.
Uniqueness of solutions to two-dimensional fourier phase problems for localized and positive images

Abstract The form of a two-dimensional image is shown to be uniquely related to the intensity of its Fourier transform. No distinction is made between the form of the image and (the complex conjugate of) its mirror image. The uniqueness is unequivocal for a real, positive image. If the image is complex, or real but not necessarily positive, uniqueness only applies for the most compact image compatible with the given samples of the Fourier intensity. The number and spacing of the samples must be adequate to permit the autocorrelation of the image to be accurately reconstructed. Unlike other demonstrations of this uniqueness, the approach introduced here leads directly to a computationally realizable phase-restoration algorithm, which is a distinct theoretical and practical improvement on earlier (somewhat ad hoc) algorithms of the same general type.
A gauge symmetric band model of the Woodward-Hoffmann rules

The Woodward–Hoffmann (WH) Rules for the prediction of relative rates and stereochemistry of concerted reactions are based on considerations of the orbital symmetry of the reactants and products. Literally hundreds of reactions have been successfully categorized by these remarkably simple-appearing Rules. This paper develops a one-dimensional band model of these Rules. By explicit inclusion of the effects of an electromagnetic field in a standard gauge-invariant fashion, it can be shown that at certain levels of field strength the model suggests that the Rules may be reversed. This is because the Rules appear in the model as a consequence of a centrifugal angular momentum barrier that can be shifted by an electromagnetic field. This barrier could account for “aromatic” stabilization. As an additional effect, the model predicts flux-dependent oscillations and persistent currents for “aromatic” molecules due to the Aharonov–Bohm effect. The possible health effects of electromagnetic fields are speculated. The likelihood of experimental observations to verify the applicability of the model is discussed.
Development of a Two-Dye LIF Technique for Measuring Fluid Temperature Fields in Microfluidic Devices

The feasibility of implementing a two-color laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique to study thermal transport at the microscale is investigated. A temperature-sensitive fluorescent dye (Rhodamine B) and a temperature-insensitive dye (Nile Red) are used in tandem to determine fluid temperature with high accuracy and low noise using a pulsed Nd: YAG laser as an illumination source. While the fluorescence intensity of the temperature-sensitive dye is proportional to temperature, it can be biased by variations in the illuminating intensity. Therefore, a second, temperature-insensitive dye is required to account for noise associated with variations in illumination intensity. Calibration of the system reveals that the two-color dye mixture in ethanol yields 1.0%/K of temperature sensitivity with volume illumination from the Nd:YAG laser. The feasibility of this methodology is explored by measuring steady-state conduction in a heated micro-reservoir.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
A high-throughput and cost-efficient DNA extraction protocol for the tree fruit crops of apple, sweet cherry, and peach relying on silica beads during tissue sampling

The basis of any marker-assisted seedling selection (MASS) scheme is having a high-throughput method of DNA extraction. To date, few high-throughput DNA extraction methods have been described for tree fruit. We describe a method that uses silica gel beads, which serve to both desiccate and grind leaf samples. This method provides a logistically flexible and time-efficient method for sample collection and routine production of PCR-quality DNA from apple, cherry, and peach. With a quick, non-laborious method of DNA extraction now being available, high-throughput MASS can be routinely conducted in breeding programs of apple, cherry, and peach to facilitate the development of superior cultivars.
Newton's Iteration for Inversion of Cauchy-Like and Other Structured Matrices

We specify some initial assumptions that guarantee rapid refinement of a rough initial approximation to the inverse of a Cauchy-like matrix, by means of our new modification of Newton's iteration, where the input, output, and all the auxiliary matrices are represented with their short generators defined by the associated scaling operators. The computations are performed fast since they are confined to operations with short generators of the given and computed matrices. Because of the known correlations among various structured matrices, the algorithm is immediately extended to rapid refinement of rough initial approximations to the inverses of Vandermonde-like, Chebyshev?Vandermonde-like, and Toeplitz-like matrices, where again the computations are confined to operations with short generators of the involved matrices.
Qualitative characteristics of anti-DNA antibodies in lupus nephritis.

Sera from 38 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, known from previous determinations to contain antibodies to native DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), were studied using a modification of the Farr technique, with 14C-DNA as ligand. The sera fell into three groups with regard to antibodies to DNA: a) precipitating, b) nonprecipitating, and c) a mixture of both. Eighteen of these sera were studied further and titrated to obtain measures of their antigen binding capacity and estimates of avidity for DNA. Patients with lupus nephritis had either precipitating antibodies to DNA, or a mixture of precipitating and nonprecipitating, whereas those patients without nephritis had only nonprecipitating, antibodies to DNA. Furthermore the avidity for DNA was greatest in sera from patients with nephritis. The antigen binding capacity of sera from patients with and without lupus nephritis was similar, suggesting that qualitative differences in anti-DNA activity may be as important as quantitative ones.
Intergenerational transmission of parental bonding among women.

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the transmission of parental bonding style from mothers to daughters. Method Sixty mothers and their 69 daughters were independently assessed over the course of a 10-year follow-up. The Parental Bonding Instrument was administered to both mothers and daughters to assess their own childhood parenting. Depression was assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime version. Temperament was assessed through self-report on the Dimensions of Temperament Survey. A series of logistic regressions were run to predict daughter report of maternal affectionless control, taking into account maternal and daughter depression status, temperament, and socioeconomic status. Results The intergenerational transmission of parental bonding among women was shown to be independent of maternal depression, daughter depression, maternal temperament, daughter temperament, and socioeconomic status. Conclusions Given the previously established association between parental bonding style and depression in offspring, the sturdiness of the intergenerational transmission of parental bonding among women suggests the routine clinical assessment of maternal bonding style. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1997, 36(8):1134–1139.
Effect of Serum and Insulin Modulation on the Organization and Morphology of Matrix Synthesized by Bovine Corneal Stromal Cells

The in vitro production of highly organized collagen fibrils by corneal keratocytes in a three-dimensional scaffold-free culture system presents a unique opportunity for the direct observation of organized matrix formation. The objective of this investigation was to develop such a culture system in a glass substrate (for optical accessibility) and to directly examine the effect of reducing serum and/or increasing insulin on the stratification and secretion of aligned matrix by fourth- to fifth-passage bovine corneal stromal keratocytes. Medium concentrations of 0%, 1%, or 10% fetal bovine serum and 0% or 1% insulin–transferrin–selenium were investigated. High-resolution differential interference contrast microscopy, quick-freeze/deep-etch, and conventional transmission electron microscopy were used to monitor the evolution, morphology, and ultrastructure of the cell–matrix constructs. In a medium containing 1% each of serum and insulin–transferrin–selenium, stromal cells stratified and secreted abundant a...
Some factors affecting the transient cylindrical diffusion of oxygen in an artificial capillary model and comparisons with in vivo data.

Abstract In vivo studies of cat gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in which we recorded PO2 disappearance curves following arterial occlusion initiated these studies. 2 Each muscle demonstrated a characteristic curve and explanations based on myoglobin content and oxygen consumption rate were indicated. The following studies were performed in an attempt to resolve our inquiries. Oxygen consumption rate and Krogh's diffusion coefficient were varied independently in a silastic artificial vessel-tissue chamber in which yeast was the metabolizing media. After establishing a flow rate which assured negligible longitudinal gradients, steady-state PO2 profiles were taken using 200 μ radial intervals. At each level the disappearance curve of PO2 was also measured during stopped flow. The steady-state values agreed closely with values calculated from the steady-state cylindrical diffusion equation. The decay curves were studied to determine the effects of V O 2 , DS, and r on the time coefficient in order to obtain a closed form approximate solution to the transient cylindrical diffusion equation for oxygen in a metabolizing media. While no one equation was found which contained these parameters and was specific to the curves, three relationships were determined empirically to define three distinct sections of the curves. Future experiments in which all parameters are measured will allow application of the equation to in vivo studies.
Endoscopic Surgery for Frontal and Ethmoid Sinus Mucoceles

Seven patients with frontal and ethmoid mucoceles treated by endoscopic sinus surgery were reviewed. Five cases were successfully managed, with two requiring a trephine procedure in combination wit...
Dissolution of Aspirin from Tablets Containing Various Buffering Agents

Eleven different compounds representing various classes of buffering agents were studied with respect to their effect on the dissolution of aspirin from tablet formulations. In general, carbon dioxide-producing buffering agents (sodium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, and calcium carbonate) gave more rapid dissolution than the readily water-soluble buffering agents (sodium ascorbate and sodium citrate), and both of the preceding classes of buffering agents gave much faster dissolution than water-insoluble buffering agents such as magnesium and aluminum compounds.
Frequency dependent Lg attenuation in south‐central Alaska

The characteristics of seismic energy attenuation are determined using high frequency Lg waves from 27 crustal earthquakes, in south-central Alaska. Lg time-domain amplitudes are measured in five pass-bands and inverted to determine a frequency-dependent quality factor, Q(f), model for south-central Alaska. The inversion in this study yields the frequency-dependent quality factor, in the form of a power law: Q(f)=Q0 fη = 220(±30) f0.66(±0.09) (0.75≤f≤12Hz). The results from this study are remarkably consistent with frequency dependent quality factor estimates, using local S-wave coda, in south-central Alaska. The consistency between S-coda Q(f) and Lg Q(f) enables constraints to be placed on the mechanism of crustal attenuation in south-central Alaska. For the range of frequencies considered in this study both scattering and intrinsic attenuation mechanisms likely play an equal role.
Eyelash Growth from Application of Bimatoprost in Gel Suspension to the Base of the Eyelashes

Objective To determine whether bimatoprost (Lumigan, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA) causes increased lash length when used in gel suspension applied to the base of the eyelashes. Design Randomized controlled trial. Participants Nineteen subjects were enrolled. Methods Subjects recruited from the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute were screened, and those who met inclusion criteria were enrolled. Each participant received 2 vials of gel suspension, which contained bimatoprost and normal saline, respectively, each mixed 1:1 with Gonak gel (Akorn Inc., Lake Forest, IL) and labeled "right eye" and "left eye" according to randomization. The suspension was applied to the upper eyelid eyelashes every evening on the designated eye for 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Lash length was measured with a caliper at enrollment, at weekly intervals during the application of the gel, and at 1 and 3 months after discontinuation of its use. Visual acuity, ocular symptoms, intraocular pressure, and photographs were documented at these same intervals. Results The mean eyelash growth from baseline in the bimatoprost group was 2.0 mm versus a mean of 1.1 mm in the placebo group, which was a statistically significant difference ( P =0.009). The average intraocular pressure decreased equally in both groups (2 mmHg). No change in visual acuity or iris discoloration was noted in any of the subjects. Conclusions Our data showed an increase in eyelash length with the use of bimatoprost in gel suspension, suggesting the product's eyelash-lengthening properties. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
The integrated performance assessment (IPA):: Connecting assessment to instruction and learning.

ABSTRACT: This article reports on Beyond the OPI: Integrated Performance Assessment (IPA) Design Project, a three-year (1997–2000) research initiative sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education International Research and Studies Program. The primary goal of the project was to develop an integrated skills assessment prototype that would measure students' progress towards the Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century (National Standards, 1999, 2006). A second goal of the project was to use the assessment prototype as a catalyst for curricular and pedagogical reform. This paper presents the Integrated Performance Assessment (IPA) prototype, illustrates a sample IPA, and discusses how classroom-based research on the IPA demonstrated the washback effect of integrated performance-based assessment on teachers' perceptions regarding their instructional practices.
Mathematical modeling of cryoprotectant addition and removal for the cryopreservation of engineered or natural tissues

Long-term storage of natural tissues or tissue-engineered constructs is critical to allow off-the-shelf availability. Vitrification is a method of cryopreservation that eliminates ice formation, as ice may be detrimental to the function of natural or bioartificial tissues. In order to achieve the vitreous state, high concentrations of CPAs must be added and later removed. The high concentrations may be deleterious to cells as the CPAs are cytotoxic and single-step addition or removal will result in excessive osmotic excursions and cell death. A previously described mathematical model accounting for the mass transfer of CPAs through the sample matrix and cell membrane was expanded to incorporate heat transfer and CPA cytotoxicity. Simulations were performed for two systems, an encapsulated system of insulin-secreting cells and articular cartilage, each with different transport properties, geometry and size. Cytotoxicity and mass transfer are dependent on temperature, with a higher temperature allowing more rapid mass transfer but also causing increased cytotoxicity. The effects of temperature are exacerbated for articular cartilage, which has larger dimensions and slower mass transport through the matrix. Simulations indicate that addition and removal at 4°C is preferable to 25°C, as cell death is higher at 25°C due to increased cytotoxicity in spite of the faster mass transport. Additionally, the model indicates that less cytotoxic CPAs, especially at high temperature, would significantly improve the cryopreservation outcome. Overall, the mathematical model allows the design of addition and removal protocols that insure CPA equilibration throughout the sample while still minimizing CPA exposure and maximizing cell survival.
Photoacoustic determination of tension in magnetic tape

A non-contact method, using photoacoustically generated antisymmetric Lamb waves detected with a laser Doppler technique, is used for determining tension in magnetic tape. For the tape samples used in this study, the bending stiffness contributes as much to the overall stiffness as a 1 Newton tension force, so an accurate determination of the tension must also necessarily include an independent measurement of the bending stiffness. Our data shows that the flexural velocity normal to the direction of the applied tension provides a determination of the bending stiffness independent of tension. The dependence of the wavespeed on tension is measured, showing the expected tension dependence and demonstrating the utility of this approach.
A Comparative Study of 200 Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsies Performed by Clinicians and Cytopathologists

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of suspicious masses. Most FNA biopsies of palpable masses can be performed without radioguidance by either clinicians or cytopathologists; however, it is unclear if there is a difference in the diagnostic yield of the procedure based on who performs the FNA. We reviewed the FNA biopsy results of 200 patients presenting with head and neck masses to a tertiary care center from 2003 to 2004. One hundred FNA biopsies were performed by clinicians and 100 performed by cytopathologists. Seventy-one underwent subsequent surgical biopsy or definitive surgery. Results of the FNA biopsies performed by the clinicians and the cytopathologists were compared based on the percentages of FNAs that were diagnostic, suspicious/suggestive, and nondiagnostic. Additionally, the pathology results of the 71 surgical biopsies or resections were compared with the preoperative FNA results. Of the 100 FNA biopsies performed by cytopathologists, 83% were diagnostic, 10% were suspicious/suggestive, and 7% were nondiagnostic. Of the 100 FNA biopsies performed by clinicians, 24% were diagnostic, 43% were suspicious/suggestive, and 33% were nondiagnostic. Cytopathologists achieved significantly better results (P<.0001, two-tailed t-test). Of the 71 cases with surgical follow up (50 by cytopathologists and 21 by clinicians), 94% of cases performed by cytopathologists and 67% of those performed by clinicians show agreement with final surgical pathology results. Overall, the FNAs performed by cytopathologists show significantly better diagnostic accuracy (P=.0002134, two-tailed t-test). FNA provides valuable information in the workup of suspicious head and neck masses. Cytopathologists may achieve significantly better results.
Determination of manganese in biological materials by atomic absorption spectroscopy

Abstract A method for the measurement of manganese in biological materials using long-path atomic absorption spectroscopy is described. Interference due to anions and cations is eliminated by performing the measurements in threequarter-saturated oxine (8-hydroxyquinoline). It is simple to perform and is sensitive over the range of 0.05–1.0 μg/ml. It does not require prior extraction with organic solvents or the use of the method of additions. The overall precision is excellent. The accuracy has been established using National Burean of Standards certified standards and by comparison with an emission spectrographic method.
Balloon angioplasty and stenting of multiple intralobar pulmonary arterial stenoses in adult patients.

Balloon angioplasty and stent placement for pulmonary arterial stenoses in children are well-established therapies. In contrast, management of isolated peripheral pulmonary arterial stenoses in adults remains relatively unexplored. Four women (ages 18-63 years) with multiple discrete intralobar pulmonary arterial stenoses were treated with balloon angioplasty. Initially, 4-5 stenoses were dilated in each patient. The mean minimum diameter of the stenoses increased from 1.3 to 3.1 mm (P < 0.001), and the mean ratio of right ventricular to aortic systolic pressure decreased from 0.92 to 0.62 (P < 0.05). Each patient had marked symptomatic improvement. However, three patients developed recurrence of symptoms 4-24 months after angioplasty, and two had angiographic evidence of restenosis at previously dilated sites. These restenoses were treated with repeat angioplasty or stent implantation (three stents in each patient). One of these two patients developed near-occlusive restenosis of the stents and had successful bilateral lung transplantation. The other patient had a third catheterization with successful implantation of three additional stents. The third patient with recurrent symptoms died 2 years later, without further intervention. Transcutaneous catheter therapy for multiple intralobar pulmonary arterial stenoses in adults is highly successful acutely, but restenosis is common within several months. For some patients, balloon angioplasty and stent implantation may provide definitive management, while for others these procedures may serve as a bridge to lung transplantation.
Holmium Nitrate Complexation with Tri-n-butyl Phosphate in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Abstract Holmium nitrate pentahydrate was reacted with tri-n-butyl phosphate in supercritical carbon dioxide at 308 K. The products of the complexation reaction were measured under supercritical fluid conditions using UV–vis spectroscopy. The solubility of the metal complexes in the supercritical fluid phase was measured. The mole-ratio titration method was used to determine the stoichiometry of the soluble complexes. Conditional extraction coefficients were calculated from spectral data using least-squares regression and hard-equilibria models. Data indicate that the holmium nitrate–tributyl phosphate system forms 1:2 and 1:4 holmium–tributyl phosphate complexes. Conditional extraction coefficients were calculated as log Kex2 = 5.8 ± 0.1 and log Kex4 = 3.1 ± 0.1 giving a log Kext value of 8.9 ± 0.1. The conditional formation constant for the reaction M L 2 ( scf ) + 2 L ⇌ M L 4 ( scf ) + 2 H 2 O in the supercritical fluid phase was calculated as log β204(scf) = 2.4 ± 0.1.
Polyatomic scattering integrals with gaussian orbitals

Abstract The ab initio calculation of the electronic effects of non-adiabatic molecular collisions, using gaussian atomic orbitals, is considered. Simple analytical expressions for the many-center integrals, required for such calculations, are derived.
Some species differences in fibrinolysis and blood coagulation

The plasminogen levels and the reactivities of plasmas in two commonly used blood coagulation tests have been compared for man and seven mammals. The plasmas of three nonhuman primates in general reacted as did human plasma in tests for plasminogen activation and in reactivity in the partial thromboplastin time test. The dog had the highest level of plasminogen, and the goat the lowest, of the eight species tested. Overall, the pig appeared to have the most reactive blood coagulation mechanism, clotting the fastest and lysing the slowest, while man's was among the least reactive in clotting and intermediate in lytic activity of those tested. Aside from the nonhuman primates, the calf's clotting and lytic mechanisms resembled those of man more nearly than did those of the other mammals tested. The influence of these species differences on selection of animals for in vivo evaluation of blood vascular prosthetic materials and devices is discussed.
Species Differences in Central Oxytocin Receptor Gene Expression: Comparative Analysis of Promoter Sequences

The distribution of oxytocin binding sites in the brain is highly variable among mammals. Using two species of microtine rodents (voles) with strikingly different patterns of oxytocin binding sites in the brain, we demonstrate that these differences are due to differences in region specific gene expression and not post-translational processing. The distribution of oxytocin receptor mRNA closely resembles the distribution of oxytocin receptor binding sites in both species. Analysis of the 5' flanking region of the oxytocin receptor gene from both species reveals few differences in potential regulatory elements which could explain the differences in gene expression. These data suggest that species differences in oxytocin receptor binding are due to species differences in: i) distant DNA sequences further upstream or downstream which may influence expression; ii) the distribution of regulatory proteins such as transcription factors in the brain or iii) epigenetic factors, such as prenatal and perinatal environment which may affect gene expression in the adult.
Surviving a Bumpy Ride in the Oropharynx: Bacterial Pili as Nano-Seatbelts that Dissipate Mechanical Energy

Bacterial pili function in cellular adhesion, and must withstand large mechanical stresses in host environments, such as coughing and chewing. In gram positive bacteria, pili are covalently-linked polymers of single protein subunits, termed pilins. Gram positive pilins uniquely possess intramolecular isopeptide bonds that bridge the peptide backbone to form bypass force transduction pathways. In the crystal structure of Spy0128, a pilin from Streptococcus pyogenes, isopeptide bonds link the N- and C-terminal β-strands. Consequently, Spy0128 is mechanically inextensible. Here we report on the mechanical properties of two related pilins, SpaA from Corynebacterium diphtheriae and FimA from Actinomyces oris, using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single molecule force spectroscopy. In the crystal structures of SpaA and FimA, the isopeptide bonds do not directly link the N- and C-terminal β-strands in a single pilin domain. Instead, the isopeptide arrangement creates a ∼40 residue polypeptide loop that resembles a slackened seatbelt, which we predict is sensitive to mechanical unfolding. We find that both SpaA and FimA extend to 14 nm under mechanical force, consistent with our structure-based prediction of unfolding of the "nano-seatbelt" from a slackened to a taut conformation. At a loading rate of 400 nm/s, these loops unfold at forces of ∼503pN in SpaA and ∼665pN in FimA; as such, SpaA and FimA are among the most mechanically stable proteins yet reported. When the force perturbation is removed, the loops refold at a rapid rate of 29 s−1 or higher. Remarkably, the mechanical stabilities are ∼75pN weaker upon refolding, suggesting that gaining full mechanical stability requires maturation. The high mechanical stability and rapid refolding of the nano-seatbelts suggest a mechanism whereby pilin subunits, polymerized as tens-to-hundreds of repeats in pili, readily absorb and recover from mechanical shocks.
Respiratory Membrane endo-Hydrogenase Activity in the Microaerophile Azorhizobium caulinodans Is Bidirectional

Background The microaerophilic bacterium Azorhizobium caulinodans, when fixing N2 both in pure cultures held at 20 µM dissolved O2 tension and as endosymbiont of Sesbania rostrata legume nodules, employs a novel, respiratory-membrane endo-hydrogenase to oxidize and recycle endogenous H2 produced by soluble Mo-dinitrogenase activity at the expense of O2.
The human lens: How anthropomorphic reasoning varies by product complexity and enhances personal value

Abstract This research examines the relationship between consumer anthropomorphism and personal value. A hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that after marketplace variables (purchase price, frequency of use, and self-acquisition) were considered, the sole second-level factor, anthropomorphism, had a positive and significant influence on personal value for four products. Results demonstrate that anthropomorphism can account for the personal value of a product beyond the influence of common marketplace factors. Additionally, a series of paired t-tests found that the magnitude of anthropomorphism is related to product complexity. This finding suggests that the effectiveness of product managers to prime or otherwise influence consumer anthropomorphism may depend upon what product is being anthropomorphised. Implications of these findings for marketers are provided.
Imaging the state-specific vibrational predissociation of the hydrogen chloride-water hydrogen-bonded dimer.

The state-to-state vibrational predissociation dynamics of the hydrogen-bonded HCl−H2O dimer were studied following excitation of the HCl stretch of the dimer. Velocity-map imaging and resonance-en...
Differential zooplankton feeding behaviors, selectivities, and community impacts of two planktivorous fishes

We examined the feeding behaviors and selectives of two common planktivorous fishes, pumpkinseeds Lepomis gibbosa and fathead minnows Pimephales promelas in the laboratory. Ingestion rates for both pumpkinseeds and fathead minnows feeding on zooplankton increased as a function of fish length. Pumpkinseeds fed on zooplankton strictly as particulate feeders, with preferences increasing as a function of zooplankton body size regardless of taxonomic identity. Preferences were highest for large Daphnia, intermediate for intermediate-sized copepods, and lowest for small Ceriodaphnia. Fathead minnows displayed the ability to use both particulate-feeding and filter-feeding behaviors. Differential preferences tended to reflect both zooplankton size and taxon, being highest for large, slow-swimming Daphnia, intermediate for small Ceriodaphnia, and lowest for faster-swimming copepods. These differences in prey capture behaviors and preferences of the two fishes are reflected in the zooplankton taxonomic composition of small ponds containing each fish type. The crustacean zooplankton assemblages in ponds containing both pumpkinseeds and fathead minnows were dominated by copepods. Cladocerans were rare. In ponds containing pumpkinseeds, but no fathead minnows, cladocerans were abundant, generally accounting for up to 80% of total crustacean zooplankton biomass. These results suggest that the type of planktivore, and not simply the presence or abundance of planktivores in a system, can determine zooplankton community structure.
D1 Dopamine Receptors in Prefrontal Cortex: Involvement in Working Memory

The prefrontal cortex is involved in the cognitive process of working memory. Local injections of SCH23390 and SCH39166, selective antagonists of the D1 dopamine receptor, into the prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkeys induced errors and increased latency in performance on an oculomotor task that required memory-guided saccades. The deficit was dose-dependent and sensitive to the duration of the delay period. These D1 antagonists had no effect on performance in a control task requiring visually guided saccades, indicating that sensory and motor functions were unaltered. Thus, D1 dopamine receptors play a selective role in the mnemonic, predictive functions of the primate prefrontal cortex.
The Dirofilaria Parasite in the Orbit

A 51-year-old white man had proptosis, pain, and inflammation of the left orbit and later developed diplopia. Treatment with antibiotics relieved most of the symptoms but a localized painful mass persisted in the left orbit. On biopsy a Dirofilaria worm was found. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and the residual nodule subsided. The patient was seen regularly for five months after surgery and the lesion has not recurred.
Characterization of the Liquid-Ordered State by Proton MAS NMR

Abstract We investigated if magic angle spinning (MAS) 1 H NMR can be used as a tool for detection of liquid-ordered domains (rafts) in membranes. In experiments with the lipids SOPC, DOPC, DPPC, and cholesterol we demonstrated that 1 H MAS NMR spectra of liquid-ordered domains (l o ) are distinctly different from liquid-disordered (l d ) and solid-ordered (s o ) membrane regions. At a MAS frequency of 10kHz the methylene proton resonance of hydrocarbon chains in the l d phase has a linewidth of ∼50Hz. The corresponding linewidth is ∼1kHz for the l o phase and several kHz for the s o phase. According to results of 1 H NMR dipolar echo spectroscopy, the broadening of MAS resonances in the l o phase results from an increase in effective strength of intramolecular proton dipolar interactions between adjacent methylene groups, most likely because of a lower probability of gauche / trans isomerization in l o . In spectra recorded as a function of temperature, the onset of l o domain (raft) formation is seen as a sudden onset of line broadening. Formation of small domains yielded homogenously broadened resonance lines, whereas large l o domains (diameter >0.3 μ m) in an l d environment resulted in superposition of the narrow resonances of the l d phase and the much broader resonances of l o. 1 H MAS NMR may be applied to detection of rafts in cell membranes.
SHOOTING METHODS FOR LOCATING GRAZING PHENOMENA IN HYBRID SYSTEMS

Hybrid systems are typified by strong coupling between continuous dynamics and discrete events. For such piecewise smooth systems, event triggering generally has a significant influence over subsequent system behavior. Therefore, it is important to identify situations where a small change in parameter values alters the event triggering pattern. The bounding case, which separates regions of (generally) quite different dynamic behaviors, is referred to as grazing. At a grazing point, the system trajectory makes tangential contact with an event triggering hypersurface. The paper formulates conditions governing grazing points. Both transient and periodic behaviors are considered. The resulting boundary value problems are solved using shooting methods that are applicable for general nonlinear hybrid (piecewise smooth) dynamical systems. The grazing point formulation underlies the development of a continuation process for exploring parametric dependence. It also provides the basis for an optimization technique that finds the smallest parameter change necessary to induce grazing. Examples are drawn from power electronics, power systems and robotics, all of which involve intrinsic interactions between continuous dynamics and discrete events.
Gendered Issue Depictions in Commander in Chief versus The West Wing

Textual analyses show that political communication reflects and/or perpetuates stereotypical assumptions about male and female issue competencies that hinder the ascendance of women to national political office. This study asked if gendered issue competencies were reflected in the first seasons of NBC's The West Wing (male president) and ABC's Commander in Chief (female president). A content analysis revealed that Commander in Chief's female president placed greater emphasis than The West Wing's male president on one masculine issue (crime) and one feminine issue (women's issues), whereas The West Wing's male president placed greater emphasis than Commander in Chief's female president on two masculine issues (international issues and taxes). Overall, masculine issues were depicted more often than feminine issues. Results showed that Commander in Chief's reliance on a masculine issue frame may have reinforced a masculine image of the presidency. We speculate that this frame continues to disadvantage female...
Interstitial microwave antennas for thermal therapy

This paper presents a new microwave antenna design with improved heating at the tip for interstitial hyperthermia and thermocoagulation. Temperature distribution patterns surrounding a conventional insulated antenna and the new sleeved coaxial slot radiator are measured in a saline phantom under transient and steady-state conditions. The new design provides an improved steady-state temperature distribution over the active region of the radiator. In contrast to the cold zone at the tip of a conventional insulated antenna the new sleeved coaxial slot antenna provides maximal (sixfold greater) power deposition at its tip.
H/D Exchange of Cyclopentane on Pt/Mordenites: Probing for Monoatomic Pt Sites

H/D exchange of cyclopentane on Pi/Mordenite catalysts has been studied. With 0.5% Pt/HMor reduced at or below 200°C, an isotope distribution pattern characteristic of prevailing stepwise exchange (i.e., one atom exchanged per residence of an adsorbed molecule) is observed. It is attributed to monoatomic Pt1 sites for which Pt atoms in side-pockets of the main channels are likely candidates. In contrast, Pd4 clusters in NaY display prevailing multiple exchange with the characteristic double-U-shaped distribution pattern that is also observed on other supported and unsupported Pt and Pd catalysts. Physisorbed cyclopentane plugs the narrow one-dimensional pores; molecules inside these pores become largely isolated from the gas phase, though single-file diffusion permits some leakage. Molecules which have been trapped inside the channels for some time are found in isotopic equilibrium with the zeolite protons.
Schumpeterian competition and environmental R&D

Companies' emissions-reducing R&D investments increase in response to Schumpeterian competition—R&D rivalry among large firms—in the context of evolving emissions regulation. Estimation supports a theoretical role for emissions standards: to reduce negative externalities caused by hazardous air emissions, government can set standards that cause firms to accept the uncertainty of R&D. Furthermore, the pressure of R&D competition causes firms to increase their R&D investment. The paper uses primary data about manufacturers' emissions-reducing R&D. Responses to a questionnaire—mailed to the companies in the Business Week R&D Scoreboard sample for 1993—provide the new data about R&D to reduce the toxic air emissions of chemicals targeted in Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act. The Act stimulated R&D investments by establishing the government's commitment to develop standards—which are still evolving—for the toxic chemicals. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploding head syndrome is common in college students

Exploding head syndrome is characterized by the perception of loud noises during sleep-wake or wake-sleep transitions. Although episodes by themselves are relatively harmless, it is a frightening phenomenon that may result in clinical consequences. At present there are little systematic data on exploding head syndrome, and prevalence rates are unknown. It has been hypothesized to be rare and to occur primarily in older (i.e. 50+ years) individuals, females, and those suffering from isolated sleep paralysis. In order to test these hypotheses, 211 undergraduate students were assessed for both exploding head syndrome and isolated sleep paralysis using semi-structured diagnostic interviews: 18.00% of the sample experienced lifetime exploding head syndrome, this reduced to 16.60% for recurrent cases. Though not more common in females, it was found in 36.89% of those diagnosed with isolated sleep paralysis. Exploding head syndrome episodes were accompanied by clinically significant levels of fear, and a minority (2.80%) experienced it to such a degree that it was associated with clinically significant distress and/or impairment. Contrary to some earlier theorizing, exploding head syndrome was found to be a relatively common experience in younger individuals. Given the potential clinical impacts, it is recommended that it be assessed more regularly in research and clinical settings. Language: en
Techniques for sputtering single and multilayer films of uniform resistivity

Abstract The need for increasingly more complex equipment involving the sputtering of multiple films has led to the development of a multiple cathode sputtering system in which the substrates are fixed and the cathode assembly rotates, instead of vice versa. Some applications of this system to resistive films are described.
Thyroid and parathyroid imaging

With the advent of better thyroid function tests, a tumor marker, and fine-needle aspiration, the role of thyroid imaging studies in the evaluation of the patients with thyroid disease has diminished. Although multimodality thyroid imaging had improved our understanding of thyroid disease, current indications for thyroid imaging are the solitary or dominant thyroid nodule, an upper mediastinal mass, differentiation of hyperthyroidism, detection and staging of postoperative thyroid cancer, neonatal hypothyroidism, thyroid developmental anomalies, and the thyroid mass post-thyroidectomy for benign disease. To provide optimal, cost-effective, care for the thyroid patient, the physician must understand the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging modality-scintigraphy, real-time sonography (RTS), computed tomography, and magnetic resonance—in specific clinical settings. Similarly, preoperative noninvasive localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing their initial neck exploration usually is not warranted. In this situation, the best localization procedure is to enlist the services of an experienced parathyroid surgeon. However, if this is not feasible because of local constraints, both sestamibi methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide excellent localization (
School‐based health centers: Opportunities and challenges for school psychologists

School psychologists have the potential to contribute to the development and delivery of health and mental health services through school-based health centers (SBHCs). Possible roles for school psychologists within SBHCs are described. Factors that influence school psychologists' efforts within SBHCs are discussed, including factors such as system reforms, school system governance, importance of SBHC to stakeholders, and availability of funding. Knowledge of collaborative problem solving, effective prevention and intervention strategies, and recognition of limitations of traditional mental health programs were also identified as facilitators of the school psychologist's role in a SBHC. Factors that may impede the development of SBHCs are reviewed. These factors include definitional confusion, deemphasis on prevention, community stigma, limited resources, lack of integration and coordination of services, and an emphasis on a narrow role of providing only medical services. Additional factors discussed include the narrow role of school psychologists, space limitations, the challenge of collaboration, role strain, and lack of research on interventions within a SBHC. Strategies for overcoming barriers are suggested. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 253–264, 2003.
An Overview of Recent Advances for the TEMPER Radar Propagation Model

This paper is a survey of recent improvements and development efforts associated with the tropospheric electromagnetic parabolic equation routine (TEMPER). These improvements include hybridized, multiple-method approaches to terrain and grazing angle modeling, and a more robust impedance boundary. Ongoing development efforts include improving the representation of ocean waves as small-scale roughness, range bias estimation based on phase, two-versus three-dimensional model comparisons, and time-dependent pulse modeling.
Design of a Pneumatically Actuated Transfemoral Prosthesis

This paper describes the design of an above-knee prosthesis with actively powered knee and ankle joints, both of which are actuated via pneumatic actuators. The prosthesis serves as a laboratory test-bed to validate the design and develop of control interfaces for future self-contained versions (i.e., with onboard hot-gas power and computing), and therefore includes a tether for both pneumatic power and control. The prototype prosthesis provides the full range of motion for both the knee and ankle joints while providing 100% of the knee torque required for fast cadence walking and stair climbing and 76% and 100%, respectively, of the ankle torque required for fast cadence walking and for stair climbing, based on the torques required by a healthy 75 kg subject. The device includes sensors to measure knee and ankle torque and position, in addition to a load cell that measures the interaction force and (sagittal and frontal planes) moments between the user and device.Copyright © 2006 by ASME