cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reasons Parents Buy Prepackaged, Processed Meals: It Is More Complicated Than “I Don't Have Time”

Abstract Objective To investigate reasons why parents purchase prepackaged, processed meals and associations with parental cooking self-efficacy, meal-planning ability, and home food availability. Methods This secondary data analysis uses Healthy Home Offerings via the Mealtime Environment Plus study data from parents of children aged 8–12 years (n = 160). Associations between reasons why parents purchase prepackaged, processed meals and the outcomes were assessed with chi-square, Fisher exact, and t tests. Results The most frequently endorsed reasons for purchasing prepackaged, processed meals included lack of time (57%) and family preferences (49%). Five of 6 reasons were associated with lower parental cooking self-efficacy and meal-planning ability. Some reasons were associated with less-healthful home food environments; few reasons varied by socio-demographic characteristics. Conclusions and Implications Because lower cooking self-efficacy and meal-planning ability are associated with most reasons reported for purchasing prepackaged, processed meals, strategies to increase these attributes for parents of all backgrounds may reduce reliance on prepackaged processed meals for family mealtimes.
A General Hardware/Software Co-design Methodology for Embedded Signal Processing and Multimedia Workloads

This paper presents a hardware/software co-design methodology for partitioning real-time embedded multimedia applications between software programmable DSPs and hardware based FPGA coprocessors. By following a strict set of guidelines, the input application is partitioned between software executing on a programmable DSP and hardware based FPGA implementation to alleviate computational bottlenecks in modern VLIW style DSP architectures used in embedded systems. This methodology is applied to channel estimation firmware in 3.5 G wireless receivers, as well as software based H.263 video decoders. As much as an llx improvement in runtime performance can be achieved by partitioning performance critical software kernels in these workloads into a hardware based FPGA implementation executing in tandem with the existing host DSP.
Observational Assessment of Engagement Strategies to Promote Parent Homework Planning in Community-Based Child Mental Health Treatment: A Pilot Study

Therapy homework includes tasks given to clients to complete outside of session to facilitate new knowledge/skills or to advance treatment goals. Homework completion, an important element of parent engagement in child mental health (MH) treatment, has been associated with improved child outcomes. The current pilot study assessed the design/assign phase of the therapy homework process to examine a) the extent to which therapists implemented engagement strategies with parents and b) whether therapist deployment of engagement strategies in early treatment predicted subsequent parent participation in homework planning. We included an ethnically-diverse sample of 10 therapists and 11 parent/child dyads receiving community-based MH services who participated in a pilot intervention study. Two observational coding systems were developed to code treatment session recordings for the extent to which a) therapists implemented engagement strategies with parents and b) parents contributed to therapy homework planning. Findings revealed low extensiveness of therapist implementation of engagement strategies with parents. As hypothesized, therapist use of engagement strategies (Collaboration, Empowerment, and Psychoeducation) in early treatment significantly predicted subsequent parent homework planning (sharing perspective on homework planning). However, therapist use of Alliance was unrelated to parent homework planning. These preliminary results suggest that therapist implementation of engagement strategies in early treatment may promote parent participation in homework planning, which is an important precursor to homework completion. This pilot study suggests potential future directions for both research on and training for community-based therapists in implementing successful strategies to promote parent homework planning in child MH treatment.
Examining the psychological and emotional mechanisms of mindfulness that reduce stress to enhance healthy behaviours

Engagement in modifiable health behaviours plays a critical role in the development of chronic illnesses. Research suggests that mindfulness facilitates health-enhancing behaviour, yet the influence of mindfulness on different health behaviours and the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. This study investigated a mediation model that explores psychological and emotional coping processes (reappraisal, suppression, and psychological flexibility) as mechanisms connecting mindfulness to reduced stress perceptions and reactions, which then predict physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and sleep quality. Adults (n = 233) completed self-report measures via Amazon's Mechanical Turk and path modelling was used to test the model for direct, indirect, and total effects. Results revealed that greater mindfulness was indirectly associated with greater engagement in all 3 health behaviours through the proposed mediators, although the association with fruit and vegetable consumption was only trending in significance. Among the coping processes, psychological flexibility emerged as the strongest mechanism in the prediction of stress. Findings suggest that being more mindful may have downstream stress-reductive effects that enhance engagement in healthy behaviour, supporting mindfulness as a potential addition to behavioural health interventions.
Isotopic insights into the degassing and secondary hydration of volcanic glass from the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens

Abstract The magmatic degassing history of newly erupted volcanic glass is recorded in its remaining volatile content. However, this history is subsequently overprinted by post-depositional (secondary) hydration, the rates and origins of which are not yet adequately constrained. Here, we present the results of a natural experiment using products of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens. We measured water concentration, δDglass, and δ18OBSG (δ18O of the bulk silicate glass) of samples collected during the dry summer months of 1980 and compared them with material resampled in 2015 from the same deposits. Samples collected from the subsurface near gas escape pipes show elevated water concentrations (near 2.0 wt%), and these are associated with lower δDglass (− 110 to − 130‰) and δ18OBSG (6.0 to 6.6‰) values than the 1980 glass (− 70 to − 100‰ and 6.8 to 6.9‰, respectively). Samples collected in 2015 from the surface to 10-cm subsurface of the 1980 summer deposits have a small increase in average water contents of 0.1–0.2 wt% but similar δ18OBSG (6.8–6.9‰) values compared to the 1980 glass values. These samples, however, show 15‰ higher δDglass values; exchange with meteoric water is expected to yield lower δDglass values. We attribute higher δDglass values in the upper portion of the 1980 deposits collected in 2015 to rehydration by higher δD waters that were degassed for several months to a year from the hot underlying deposits, which hydrated the overlying deposits with relatively high δD gases. Our data also contribute to magmatic degassing of crystal-rich volcanoes. Using the 1980 samples, our reconstructed δD-H2O trends for the dacitic Mount St. Helens deposits with rhyolitic groundmass yield a trend that overlaps with the degassing trend for crystal-poor rhyolitic eruptions studied previously elsewhere, suggesting similar behavior of volatiles upon exsolution from magma. Furthermore, our data support previous studies proposing that exsolved volatiles were trapped within a rapidly rising magma and started degassing only at shallow depths during the 1980 eruptions.
When Words Matter: A "Suspicious" Urinary Tract Cytology Diagnosis Improves Patient Follow-Up Among Nonurologists

BACKGROUND Urinary tract cytology (UTC) specimens diagnosed using high-risk indeterminate categories such as "atypical urothelial cells, cannot exclude high-grade urothelial carcinoma" (AUC-H) or "suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma" (SHGUC) have a high rate of detection of high-grade urothelial carcinoma on subsequent biopsy. Although urologists are familiar with such terminology, it is unclear whether patients receive appropriate follow-up when UTC is ordered by nonurologists. In the current study, the authors investigated whether the use of AUC-H versus SHGUC altered patient management among nonurologists. METHODS Specimens signed out as AUC-H or SHGUC were identified from the archives of the study institution, which included periods of time before the use of the standardized Johns Hopkins Hospital template, during use of the Johns Hopkins Hospital template, and after institution of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology. RESULTS Approximately one-half of the specimens diagnosed as AUC-H were not investigated further when ordered by nonurologists. Patients with specimens diagnosed as AUC-H received fewer subsequent biopsies (14% vs 53%; P < .001) when the specimens were ordered by nonurologists versus urologists, despite having similar rates of high-grade urothelial carcinoma on follow-up biopsy (67% vs 66%). When specimens ordered by nonurologists were diagnosed as SHGUC, these patients received more follow-up (100%) compared with those whose specimens were diagnosed as AUC-H (44%; P < .001). Patients with specimens ordered by nonurologists also received more follow-up biopsies when these were diagnosed as suspicious (60%) compared with patients whose specimens were diagnosed as AUC-H (14%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Use of the word "suspicious" for the high-risk indeterminate category results in greater follow-up among nonurologists ordering UTC specimens. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:282-8. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Image-based management of empiric lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) without biopsy: Predictors from a 10-year single institution experience

Background There is emerging reliance on clinical imaging for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation of early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients deemed too high risk for biopsy. We report our experience of clinically diagnosed NSCLC treated empirically with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to validate the imaging parameters used for management in this high-risk population. Methods We reviewed 101 empiric lung SBRT cases and profiled imaging specifics of computed tomography and positron emission tomography for diagnosis and follow-up. Secondarily, we identified potential correlates of disease progression with Cox regression multivariate analysis. Results Fifty-seven men and 43 women aged 45-94 (median 76) were treated with a median dose of 48 Gy in four fractions. The median nodule diameter was 1.6 cm (0.6-4.5 cm) and most were spiculated (n = 58), right-sided (n = 63), and in the upper lobe (n = 68). Median follow-up and survival rates were 14 and 28 months, respectively. Local control at three years was 94%. Freedom from any progression at one and three years was 85% and 69%, respectively. Toxicity ≥ grade 3 included two grade 3 dyspneas. A pre-treatment standard uptake value > 4.1 was the only significant predictor of disease progression. Conclusion This study illustrates the instrumental role of modern clinical imaging for the effective management of presumed early stage NSCLC treated with empiric lung SBRT. As lung SBRT without tissue confirmation becomes more common, hopefully these assertions can be prospectively validated.
Survey of Baylisascaris spp. in Eastern Tennessee Wildlife and Detection of Baylisascaris spp. Eggs in Virginia Opossum ( Didelphis virginiana) Feces.

We analyzed 69 eastern Tennessee wildlife samples for Baylisascaris spp. during 2011. The prevalence of Baylisascaris spp. in raccoons (Procyon lotor) was 16% (8/49), an increase compared to previous surveys in this region. One Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) had eggs in its feces, indicating that opossums can play a role in Baylisascaris spp. transmission.
The \({}^{{208}}Pb{{(\vec{p},\vec{n})}^{{208}}}Bi\) Reaction at 135 MeV

For nucleon inelastic scattering, i.e. (p,p′), (p,n), (n,p) or (n,n′) reactions, spin modes of nuclear excitation play an important role at medium-energies. Because of the special character of purely isovector transitions, we are interested in measuring spin-observables for (p,n) reactions at medium energies. These measurements include analyzing powers, Ay (θ), reaction polarizations, P(θ), and transverse polarization- transfer coefficients, Dnn (θ), as well as differential cross sections, σ(θ). These four observables are sensitive to different aspects of the reaction: σ(θ) is sensitive to ∆L; Ay (θ) is sensitive to whether the transition involves j = l ± 1/2 → j = l ± 1/2 or j = l ± 1/2 → j = l ∓ 1/2; Dnn(θ) is sensitive to ∆J and ∆π; and P − Ay is sensitive to non-localities. Previously, we reported,measurements of Ay (θ)1,2 and Dnn (θ)3,4 for the 40,48Ca(p,n)40,48Sc reactions at 135 MeV. In this paper, we report on measurements of Dnn (θ) for the \({}^{{208}}Pb{{(\vec{p},\vec{n})}^{{208}}}Bi\) reaction at 135 MeV.
Gross Morphology of Chromosomes

This chapter emphasizes the aspects of gross morphology of chromosomes that are visible under the light microscope. In Chapter 3, aspects of fine structure will be discussed.
Mitigating head motion artifact in functional connectivity MRI

Participant motion during functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) acquisition produces spurious signal fluctuations that can confound measures of functional connectivity. Without mitigation, motion artifact can bias statistical inferences about relationships between connectivity and individual differences. To counteract motion artifact, this protocol describes the implementation of a validated, high-performance denoising strategy that combines a set of model features, including physiological signals, motion estimates, and mathematical expansions, to target both widespread and focal effects of subject movement. This protocol can be used to reduce motion-related variance to near zero in studies of functional connectivity, providing up to a 100-fold improvement over minimal-processing approaches in large datasets. Image denoising requires 40 min to 4 h of computing per image, depending on model specifications and data dimensionality. The protocol additionally includes instructions for assessing the performance of a denoising strategy. Associated software implements all denoising and diagnostic procedures, using a combination of established image-processing libraries and the eXtensible Connectivity Pipeline (XCP) software. Ciric et al. describe a protocol for the removal of motion artifacts from functional MRI data. They introduce a software package that implements common denoising protocols and provides tools for assessing the efficacy of denoising.
Evaluating Colorado’s Essentials for Childhood Project through a Collective Impact Lens

This case study examines the development of the Colorado Essentials for Childhood project, a collective impact effort to prevent child maltreatment, over a five-year period (September 2013–August 2018). We conducted semi-structured key informant interviews with 26 project stakeholders to understand how the project’s priorities evolved, along with the challenges it enountered and the success it achieved. Interviewees included members of the Leadership Action Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention representatives, and staff employed by the project during its entire history. Enabling authors to use NVivo 12 to organize and code interview transcripts, a transcription service transcribed each recorded interview. This paper summarizes the Colorado experience in the context of the five conditions for collective impact success (a common agenda, shared measurement systems, mutually reinforcing activities, continuous communication, and backbone support organizations) with the intent of informing other similar efforts. The review of this evaluation offers recommendations for future directions and how to overcome similar challenges in implementing a collective impact approach, particularly in a limited resource environment.
Abstract WMP13: 3D Convolutional Neural Network Segmentation of Intracerebral Hemorrhage on CT

Introduction: Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 15% of strokes with a disproportionate impact on functional outcome and economic burden. In clinical trails, ICH volume on computed tomogra...
Developing Mathematical Reasoning Using a STEM Platform

An interdisciplinary laboratory activity involved modelling and interpreting the motion of a rolling ball through the lens of algebraic representation. It was conducted with a group (N = 24) of high school mathematics students. The participants used scientific methods to formulate an algebraic representation of a position for a rolling object on a horizontal surface. While traditional mathematical modelling activities are usually driven by provided data, the technique applied in this study is driven by the phenomenon itself, which serves as a means to verify if the derived algebraic function adheres to the observed behaviour. The results of the study showed that including scientific methods in mathematics interdisciplinary activities may serve as a means to activate, and stimulate, students’ reasoning skills, and thus help them integrate the concepts of science and mathematics into a single coherent inquiry. While the study revealed benefits of using hypotheses in interdisciplinary activities, it also opened possibilities of utilizing interdisciplinary laboratories to improve students’ mathematical thinking. Suggestions for instructional strategies, as well as suggestions for mathematics curriculum policy makers, are discussed.
Intestinal injury and gut permeability in sickle cell disease

Due to recurrent hypoxia-reperfusion injury induced by vaso-occlusive crises (VOC), patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) may have intestinal injury and increased permeability. These may explain the qualitative and quantitative neutrophil abnormalities observed in these patients. Serum intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (iFABP), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and CD62L were measured by ELISA. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to measure circulating aged neutrophils. Compared to controls, SCD individuals had higher iFABP (median: 1.38 ng/ml vs 0.81 ng/ml; p = 0.04) and LPS (median: 2.15 μg/ml vs 0.69 μg/ml; p = 0.03), indicating intestinal injury and increased intestinal bacterial translocation into the systemic circulation. They also had higher soluble CD62L (median: 1.38 μg/ml vs 1.11 μg/ml; p = 0.04). Among SCD individuals, soluble CD62L correlated positively with circulating aged neutrophils (R = 0.7, p = 0.03) and LPS (R = 0.66, p = 0.027). Surprisingly, serum iFABP in SCD correlated negatively with both LPS (R = − 0.7, p = 0.02) and soluble CD62L (R = − 0.56, p = 0.08). Since LPS translocation across the intestinal barrier may be due to increases in the intestinal bacterial density, gut permeability, or both, the negative correlations between iFABP and LPS, and CD62L raise the possibility that any damage-associated molecular patterns induced by intestinal injury may modulate the degree of bacterial translocation. Our results provide the first evidence of the presence of intestinal injury and increased gut permeability in SCD.
Massive simplification of the wind farm layout optimization problem

Abstract. The wind farm layout optimization problem is notoriously difficult to solve because of the large number of design variables and extreme multimodality of the design space. Because of the multimodality of the space and the often discontinuous models used in wind farm modeling, the wind industry is heavily dependent on gradient-free techniques for wind farm layout optimization. Unfortunately, the computational expense required with these methods scales poorly with increasing numbers of variables. Thus, many companies and researchers have been limited in the size of wind farms they can optimize. To solve these issues, we present the boundary-grid parameterization. This parameterization uses only five variables to define the layout of a wind farm with any number of turbines. For a 100-turbine wind farm, we show that optimizing the five variables of the boundary-grid method produces wind farms that perform just as well as farms where the location of each turbine is optimized individually, which requires 200 design variables. Our presented method facilitates the study and both gradient-free and gradient-based optimization of large wind farms, something that has traditionally been less scalable with increasing numbers of design variables.
RFEX: Simple Random Forest Model and Sample Explainer for non-Machine Learning experts

Machine Learning (ML) is becoming an increasingly critical technology in many areas. However, its complexity and its frequent non-transparency create significant challenges, especially in the biomedical and health areas. One of the critical components in addressing the above challenges is the explainability or transparency of ML systems, which refers to the model (related to the whole data) and sample explainability (related to specific samples). Our research focuses on both model and sample explainability of Random Forest (RF) classifiers. Our RF explainer, RFEX, is designed from the ground up with non-ML experts in mind, and with simplicity and familiarity, e.g. providing a one-page tabular output and measures familiar to most users. In this paper we present significant improvement in RFEX Model explainer compared to the version published previously, a new RFEX Sample explainer that provides explanation of how the RF classifies a particular data sample and is designed to directly relate to RFEX Model explainer, and a RFEX Model and Sample explainer case study from our collaboration with the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI). We show that our approach offers a simple yet powerful means of explaining RF classification at the model and sample levels, and in some cases even points to areas of new investigation. RFEX is easy to implement using available RF tools and its tabular format offers easy-to-understand representations for non-experts, enabling them to better leverage the RF technology.
Effects of a school readiness intervention on family engagement during the kindergarten transition

Abstract Children are more likely to succeed academically, socially, and behaviorally when families are engaged in partnerships with schools and teachers throughout the educational process. Researchers and policy leaders have identified the kindergarten transition as a key time for fostering family educational engagement. This study reports findings from the Kids in Transition to School (KITS) Program designed to promote school readiness and support family engagement with schools. The KITS Program helps caregivers build confidence and advocacy skills that can support successful partnerships with their children’s teachers and schools. Prior KITS research has primarily focused on child outcomes, while caregiving outcomes such as family engagement have received less attention. This study adds to family engagement literature by examining the effectiveness of the KITS Program in improving engagement during the transition to kindergarten, as well as examining differences in intervention effects for diverse families, who may encounter cultural, linguistic, and other barriers to engaging with teachers and schools. Results indicated that the KITS Program improved caregiver-teacher relationship quality, caregiver’s feelings of positivity towards the school, and support for children’s learning at home. In addition, results indicated that the KITS Program was equally effective for Latinx and non-Latinx families. However, Latinx families rated their relationships with teachers and their endorsement of their schools lower than non-Latinx families. Findings from this work support the KITS Program as a promising intervention to improve family engagement during the transition to kindergarten. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed.
Auditory Intervention in Late-Identified Children With Hearing Loss:

This study examined the effects of a 9-week auditory intervention on the auditory skills of five children with hearing loss who experienced prolonged auditory deprivation before receiving hearing a...
When parents have problems: A book for teens and older children who have a disturbed or difficult parent (3rd Ed.)

Understanding how social workers can intervene to enhance the quality of life for children in difficult family and social environments remains critical in the provision of effective services for ch...
Modern Band and Special Learners

For the greater part of the past 50 years, music educators have advocated for contemporary approaches to music education that reflect the interests of students. This has recently manifested in an a...
SimpleSBML: A Python package for creating, editing, and interrogating SBML models: Version 2.0

In this technical report, we describe a new version of SimpleSBML which provides an easier to use interface to python-libSBML allowing users of Python to more easily construct and inspect SBML based models. The most commonly used package for constructing SBML models in Python is python-libSBML based on the C/C++ library libSBML. python-libSBML is a comprehensive library with a large range of options but can be difficult for new users to learn and requires long scripts to create even the simplest models. Inspecting existing SBML models can also be difficult due to the complexity of the underlying object model. Instead, we present SimpleSBML, a package that allows users to add and inspect species, parameters, reactions, events, and rules to a libSBML model with only one command for each. Models can be exported to SBML format, and SBML files can be imported and converted to SimpleSBML commands that create each element in a new model. This allows users to create new models and edit existing models for use with other software. In the new version, a range of `get' methods is provided that allows users to inspect existing SBML models without having to understand the underlying object model used by libSBML.
Distributed Heterogeneous Multi-robot Source Seeking Using Information Based Sampling with Visual Recognition

Search and rescue robots often need to find the source of a signal like radio-active material, heat signature, or gas leak. This problem is known as stochastic source seeking.
Comparison of FDG and FMISO uptakes and distributions in head and neck squamous cell cancer tumors.

Glycolysis is increased by hypoxia, suggesting a possible correlation between the accumulation of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in malignant tumors and regional hypoxia defined by 1H-1-(3-[18F]fluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-2-nitroimidazole (FMISO) PET. The aim of this study is to investigate the intra-tumoral spatial distribution and quantitative relationship between FDG and FMISO in a cohort of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) patients. Twenty HNSCC patients with 20 primary tumors and 19 metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) underwent FDG and FMISO PET within 1 week. The metabolic target volume (MTV) was defined on the FDG PET images using a region growing algorithm. The hypoxic volume (HV) was defined by the volume of voxels in an FMISO image within the MTV that satisfy a tumor-to-blood ratio (T/B) greater than 1.2. FDG and FMISO lesions were co-registered, and a voxel-by-voxel correlation between the two datasets was performed. FDG and FMISO TVs’ SUVs were also compared as well as the intra-tumoral homogeneity of the two radiotracers. Separate analysis was performed for the primary tumors and LNs. Twenty-six percent of the primary tumors and 15% of LNs showed a strong correlation (R > 0.7) between FDG and FMISO intra-tumor distributions when considering the MTV. For the HV, only 19% of primary tumors and 12% of LN were strongly correlated. A weak and moderate correlation existed between the two markers SUVavg, and SUVmax in the case of the primary tumors, respectively. However, this was not the case for the LNs. Good concordances were also observed between the primary tumor’s and LNs HV SUVavgs as well as between the corresponding hypoxic fractions (HF’s). A moderate correlation between FDG and hypoxia radiotracer distribution, as measured by FMISO, seems to exist for primary tumors. However, discordant results were found in the case of LNs. Hypoxia appears to be the dominant driver of high FDG uptake in selected tumors only, and therefore FDG PET images cannot be used as a universal surrogate to identify or predict intra-tumor hypoxia.
All you ever wanted to know about infant formulas (but were afraid to ask)

Abstract The World Health organisation recommends breast feeding infants for the first six months of life. When this breast feeding does not occur either through parental choice or medical need, infant formulas will be required. There is a bewildering array of formulas on the UK market for many different requirements. When faced with an unsettled infant many parents (and health care professionals) will experiment with the infant formula available and often attend the paediatric clinic looking for help and advice. It is therefore essential that paediatricians understand what milks are available and what the key differences between different products are. This review attempts to provide a simple guide through many of the formulations currently available in the UK; and offers advice for the dietary management of the child with extra calorie requirements, infants with cow's milk protein allergy, gastro oesophageal reflux disease, apparent unresolved hunger and infantile colic. Whatever the underlying condition, there is likely to be an infant formula that is suitable in this generation of ever expanding formulations.
The Communication of Hit Quality Using Natural History Visualizations (NHVs)

High-throughput screening (HTS) often yields a list of compounds that requires prioritization before further work is performed. Prioritization criteria typically include activity, selectivity, phys...
The Impact of Historical Knowledge, Skill, and Interpretive Attitude on the Authenticity of Female Reenactors' Regency-Style Gowns

The purpose of this qualitative case study research was to explore how elements of and barriers to authenticity impact the level of authenticity achieved in Regency reenactors’ gowns. Interviews wi...
How University Counseling Centers Serve Students with Disabilities

Abstract The mandates of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) apply to mental health professionals employed in university counseling centers. Therefore, examining the services counseling centers provide to students with disabilities seems timely and appropriate. University counseling center directors in North America and members of the Association of University and College Counseling Center Directors (N = 270) were surveyed regarding services provided to students with disabilities. Given the requirements of the ADA, many counseling centers adapted their services and facilities. Based on the data collected, four recommendations are made to improve services for students with disabilities: (a) ask clients directly about possible disabilities at intake; (b) train senior staff about relevant disability issues; (c) designate a liaison to the campus disability advocate office; and (d) train senior staff to screen for learning disabilities. Several suggestions for future research are made and the lim...
Evaluation of a red cell agglutination test for detection of Australia antigen (HB Ag).

An investigational red cell agglutination (RCA) test was evaluated for sensitivity in detecting and titering hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) in comparison with two counterelectrophoresis (CEP) systems and a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). The RCA procedure was found to be significantly more sensitive than the CEP methods and compares favorably in sensitivity with the solid-phase RIA, detecting even lower concentrations of the HB Ag. Since the RCA test can be completed in 2 to 3 h and requires relatively inexpensive equipment, it offers a highly sensitive and rapid procedure suitable for use in blood banks to screen donors or detect low levels of antigen in serum of patients.
Is Education Becoming

There are many and various factors which influence education's becoming, but none more importantly than the nature and direction of change. Where better to start an exploration of change than by looking at the observable world of technology and the related world of science? These are the major agents of change and as such they determine the whole pattern of changes which influence every aspect of life, including our value systems. When examining the progressive changes in the technology of transportation, power, and industry, for example, a series of developments in each area is observable. Within each series there appear to be several sets of steps or significant stages. To best depict these stages a three-step format was chosen and is illustrated in triads:
Regulation of the Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase gene

The gene (pol) encoding the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA polymerase is a member of the "early" class of viral genes which are expressed shortly after activation of latent virus infection. First, mRNA from the EBV-producing cell line, B95-8, treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and sodium butyrate to induce lytic replication and expression of this gene was analyzed. Northern (RNA) analysis revealed a message of 3.7 kb found only in induced cells. 5' mapping of pol mRNA by S1 nuclease and primer extension analyses indicates that transcription initiates at tightly clustered sites within a G + C-rich region 126 bp upstream of the open reading frame. The same initiation region was identified in two other EBV-infected cell lines, P3HR1 and Raji, after induction. Second, a 1.29-kb genomic fragment containing this region, when cloned upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, demonstrated promoter activity in lymphoid cells cotransfected with pEBV-RZ, a genomic expression construct that includes genes for the EBV immediate-early transactivator proteins, BZLF-1 and BRLF-1. Within the upstream 1.29-kb sequence, two regions of 140 bp and 101 bp appear to be needed for promoter activity. These results demonstrate that unlike most EBV genes studied thus far, the pol gene contains multiple transcriptional start sites. The upstream regulatory region of the promoter for the pol gene does not contain canonical promoter elements such as TATA and CAAT boxes and, furthermore, is not constitutively active but requires transactivation by two or more viral proteins.
FTIR Analysis of Cytochrome bs in H2O and D2O

The application of infrared spectroscopy to biological samples has been made possible largely by the advent of FTIR. The advances in instrumentation which have allowed this application are well documented, however, there are still some barriers to the full utilization of this technique for biological samples such as proteins. The general objectives are to obtain spectra in the 1700 - 1600 cm -1 region, where the Amide I band is located. This broad, generally featureless, band is a complex composite of bands which are characteristic of specific types of secondary structure in the protein 1. The problems to be overcome fall into several categories. The need to work in aqueous solutions, where water has a very large absorption band at 1650 cm4, has been circumvented to a large extent by working in D20, although it is still necessary to employ short path length cells, as the absorbance of the H-O-D overlaps both the Amide I and Amide II regions. In spite of the similarity of D20 and H2O, there are still advantages to obtaining spectra in both solvents as in D20 the accessible N-H groups in the peptide bonds will undergo H->D exchange. A comparison between spectra obtained in the two solvents will therefore give information on solvent accessibility of the peptide bonds in the different types of secondary structure and will also assist in assigning bands to particular secondary structures. Coupled with this requirement of short path length cells is the tendency of proteins to denature on surfaces. This requires that demountable cells be used and these cells, especially with 6 - 50 μm spacers, have a variability in path length from sample to sample, and especially from sample to the solvent blank which makes subtraction of the solvent blank very difficult. This problem of solvent subtraction is most acute when H2O is the solvent as here the high solvent absorbance is coupled with the smaller, and more variable, path length. Once the sample spectrum minus the solvent has been obtained the broad Amide I band has to be subjected to some type of enhancement procedure, usually Fourier self-deconvolution2, in order to resolve the bands due to particular types of protein secondary structure. Both the solvent subtraction and the deconvolution are somewhat subjective and open to criticism. In this report we demonstrate that reproducible deconvolved spectra can be obtained in both D20 and H2O.
Indians and Race in Early America: A Review Essay

This article explores the contours of a newly vibrant literature on American Indians and race in early America by reviewing the conclusions offered in ten books published between 2001 and 2004. It focuses on three issues: the Euro-American move toward racializing Indians; the Native Americans’ own perspectives on difference and race; and the degree to which the beliefs of Native and EuroAmericans emerged as a consequence of cross-cultural conversations. Traditionally, the discussion of race in early America has relied upon a series of interlinked dichotomies: race/ethnicity, biology/culture, inherent/learned, slave/free, and, most centrally, black/white. Legacies of these binaries remain with us today, primarily in our teaching but also, to some extent, in our research. Even as several generations’ worth of scholarship has called into question the assumptions underlying these oppositions, and even as the deconstructionist assault has undermined the legitimacy of dichotomous constructions more generally, we continue to find it difficult to escape the dead hand of past structures and inherited frameworks. Nowhere has this been more clear than in the halting and incomplete incorporation of Native American peoples and perspectives into our conversation about race in early America. As recently as 1997, Joyce Chaplin could baldly but accurately assert that “Indians have been neglected in interpretations of American racism”; two years later, Kathleen Brown could suggest “there may be an interesting history of early modern racial formation yet to be written about the Englishman and the Indian.” 1 Their comments strongly suggest that the periodic invocation of “red, white, and black” and the appearance of an occasional essay focused on Natives notwithstanding, the literature on race in early America simply had little room for Indians as recently as the late 1990s. The situation has changed dramatically in the last few years. Enough significant scholarship had emerged by 2003 that Chaplin ‐ who only a half dozen years earlier had lamented scholars’ neglect of Indians ‐ could assert that “the most recent research on early America looks at both Native Americans and captured Africans”; she went on to describe works
A case of heterogeneous sensitivity to panitumumab in cetuximab-refractory colorectal adenocarcinoma metastases

We present the case of a 43-year-old-man with wild-type KRAS and BRAF colorectal adenocarcinoma that was metastatic to the liver and lung. The patient initially received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX and bevacizumab, followed by surgical resection of the primary tumor and hepatic metastases. His disease recurred shortly after surgery and he was treated with FOLFIRI plus the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab. After this regimen failed to arrest his disease progression, treatment with FOLFIRI in combination with another anti-EGFR antibody, panitumumab was started. While on this therapy, the patient's lung nodules remained largely stable but metastatic lesions within the liver continued to progress. Our case highlights the differences between panitumumab and cetuximab, and contemplates the possible explanations for this patient's apparently heterogeneous disease progression within the liver despite stabilization of multiple pulmonary nodules.
A Framework for Unifying Formal and Empirical Analysis

An important disconnect exists between the current use of formal modeling and applied statistical analysis. In general, a lack of linkage between the two can produce statistically significant parameters of ambiguous origin that, in turn, fail to assist in falsifying theories and hypotheses. To address this scientific challenge, a framework for unification is proposed. Methodological unification leverages the mutually reinforcing properties of formal and applied statistical analysis to produce greater transparency in relating theory to test. This framework for methodological unification, or what has been referred to as the empirical implications of theoretical models (EITM), includes (1) connecting behavioral (formal) and applied statistical concepts, (2) developing behavioral (formal) and applied statistical analogues of these concepts, and (3) linking and evaluating the behavioral (formal) and applied statistical analogues. The elements of this EITM framework are illustrated with examples from voting behavior, macroeconomic policy and outcomes, and political turnout.
Correlation effects in diffusion of CH4/CF4 mixtures in MFI zeolite. A study linking MD simulations with the Maxwell-Stefan formulation

Correlation effects in diffusion of CH 4 and CF 4 in MFI zeolite have been investigated with the help of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the Maxwell-Stefan (M-S) formulation. For single-component diffusion, the correlations are captured by the self-exchange coefficient D c o r r ii; in the published literature this coefficient has been assumed to be equal to the single-component M-S diffusivity, D i . A detailed analysis of single-component diffusivity data from MD, along with published kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations, reveals that D c o r r ii/D i is a decreasing function of the molecular loading, depends on the guest-host combination, and is affected by intermolecular repulsion (attraction) forces. A comparison of published KMC simulations for diffusion of various molecules in MFI, with those of primitive square and cubic lattices, shows that the self-exchange coefficient increases with increasing connectivity. Correlations in CH 4 /CF 4 binary mixtures are described by the binary exchange coefficient D c o r r 12; this exchange coefficient has been examined using Onsager transport coefficients computed from MD simulations. Analysis of the MD data leads to the development of a logarithmic interpolation formula to relate D c o r r 12 with the self-exchange coefficient D c o r r ii of the constituents. The suggested procedure for estimation of D c o r r 12 is validated by comparison with MD simulations of the Onsager and Fick transport coefficients for a variety of loadings and compositions. Our studies show that a combination of the M-S formulation and the ideal adsorbed solution theory allows good predictions of binary mixture transport on the basis of only pure component diffusion and sorption data.
N-acetylglutamate-independent activity of carbamyl phosphate synthetase (ammonia): implications for the kinetic assay of acetylglutamate.

Abstract In the presence of Mn 2+ , carbamyl phosphate synthetase (ammonia) catalyzes considerable carbamyl phosphate synthesis in the absence of the allosteric activator, N -acetylglutamate. Under standard conditions, the acetylglutamate-independent activity of a purified carbamyl phosphate synthetase preparation was 8 to 10% of the V max observed at saturating (1 m m ) acetylglutamate. The product formed in the reaction was identified unequivocally as carbamyl phosphate. Standard conditions included 5 m m ATPMn and 1.5 m m excess Mn 2+ . The highest rate of acetylglutamate-independent activity was observed at [excess Mn 2+ ] of 1.5 m m ; increasing the [ATPMn] from 5 to 20 m m doubled the acetylglutamate-independent activity, to 18% of V max . Only 1 20 as much acetylglutamate-independent activity was observed when Mg 2+ was substituted for Mn 2+ . When both Mn 2+ and Mg 2+ were present, the acetylglutamate-independent activity was less than when Mn 2+ alone was present. Measurement of acetylglutamate-dependent activity of carbamyl phosphate synthetase (ammonia) revealed that one-half V max with Mn 2+ was achieved at 17 μ m acetylglutamate (about one-fifth of the value reported with Mg 2+ ), and the V max with Mn 2+ under standard conditions was only 60% of that observed with Mg 2+ . The high affinity of carbamyl phosphate synthetase for acetylglutamate in the presence of Mn 2+ has been used in the development of a sensitive, accurate method for the measurement of acetylglutamate in small quantities of mitochondrial extracts. This method is described in detail.
The effect of triphasic oral contraceptives on plasma lipids and lipoproteins

To determine the effect of triphasic oral contraceptives on plasma lipid transport, 150 nonsmoking women with normolipidemia, ages 18 to 35 years, were randomly assigned to receive one of three contraceptive formulations: (1) ethinyl estradiol, 30, 40, and 30 μg/day, each for 6, 5, and 10 days per menstrual cycle, and levonorgestrel, 50, 75, and 125 μg/day, each for 6, 5, and 10 days; (2) ethinyl estradiol, 35 μg/day for 21 days, and phased norethindrone, 500, 750, and 1000 μg/day each for 7 consecutive days; and (3) ethinyl estradiol, 35 μg/day for 21 consecutive days, and norethindrone, 500, 1000, and 500 μg/day for 7, 9, and 5 days, respectively. A control group consisting of 49 women taking a nonhormonal form of contraception was also included. After 6 months of oral contraceptive treatment, significant increases in plasma triglyceride (28% to 52%) and plasma apolipoprotein B levels (20% to 23%) were observed in each treatment group. The changes in total plasma cholesterol (3% to 10%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values (0% to 11 %) were less striking. Changes in total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were statistically insignificant (−2% to −4%); however, high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol levels decreased by 29% to 33% and high-density lipoprotein3 cholesterol levels increased by 20% to 23%. Concomitantly, plasma apolipoprotein A-I values increased by 5% to 12%. No consistent significant differences among analyses were observed between any of the groups receiving different oral contraceptives for 6 months.
Specialized knowledge and the delivery of leisure services to the disabled

Based upon an earlier exploration of knowledge development in Therapeutic Recreation Service (TRS), this paper reexamines the progress that has been made in the area. Perusal of current literature in the field of TRS revealed an increase in research‐oriented articles and greater involvement of therapeutic recreators as communicators. Although these findings were interpreted as positive signs of progress in knowledge development, there was still a need for greater precision in communication as well as increased intensity of fact‐gathering. To facilitate future knowledge development, it was proposed that content areas for inquiry be more precisely defined. In this regard, the general area of socialization was identified as a major focus for the field, and five specific areas were delineated: parental influence; peer group; reaction of and/or toward the disabled; social learning and reinforcement; and achievement behavior. Suggestions made to improve the quality of communication include the use of case study...