cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Communication Among Marketing, Engineering and Manufacturing-A Comparison Between Two New Product Teams

Models and scientific evidence suggest that firms are more successful at new-product development if there is greater communication among marketing, engineering, and manufacturing. This paper examines communication patterns for two matched product-development teams where the key difference between the groups is that one used a phase-review development process and the other used Quality Function Deployment QFD, a product-development process adopted recently at over 100 United States and Japanese firms. To our knowledge, this is the first head-to-head comparison of traditional U.S. product development processes with QFD. Our data suggest that QFD enhances communication levels within the core team marketing, engineering, manufacturing. QFD changes communication patterns from "up-over-down" flows through management to more horizontal routes where core team members communicate directly with one another. On the other hand, the QFD team communicates less on planning information and less with members of the firm external to the team. If this paucity of external communication means that the team has the information it needs for product development, and the QFD process has provided an effective means for moving the information through the team, it is a positive impact of QFD. If the result means that QFD induces team insularity, even when the team needs to reach out to external information sources, it is a cause for concern.
Functional interactions of HPK1 with adaptor proteins

Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1 or MAP4K1) is a hematopoietic-specific mammalian STE20-like protein serine/threonine kinase, comprised of a STE20-like kinase domain in its N-terminus, four proline-rich motifs, a caspase cleavage site, and a distal C-terminal Citron homology domain. HPK1 is involved in many cellular signaling cascades that include MAPK signaling, antigen receptor signaling, apoptosis, growth factor signaling, and cytokine signaling. HPK1 binds many adaptor proteins including members of the Grb2 family, Nck family, Crk family, SLP-76 family, and actin-binding adaptors like HIP-55. HPK1 tyrosine phosphorylation and kinase activation depend on the presence of adaptor proteins. Adaptor proteins are required not only for linking HPK1 to cell surface receptors like the EGFR, but also for downstream gene transcription like NFAT, AP-1 and IL-2. The HPK1 association with Crk, CrkL, and HIP-55 mediate HPK1-dependent c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, while the association of HPK1 with SLP-76, Gads, CrkL, Grb2, and Grap affect T- and B-cell dependent gene transcription. Interestingly, HPK1 has been implicated in both increasing and decreasing NFAT, AP-1, and IL-2 gene transcription in T-cells where adaptor proteins play a key role. Lastly, HPK1 will phosphorylate Crk and CrkL, in vitro, which presents a novel possibility for the regulation of adaptor proteins and downstream signaling events.
Protein S and protein C: Biochemistry, physiology, and clinical manifestation of deficiencies

Abstract Protein C and protein S are two plasma proteins that participate in an anticoagulant pathway. Protein C circulates as an inactive precursor that is converted to an active serine protease by a complex between thrombin and the endothelial cell-surface protein thrombomodulin. Activated protein C and protein S form an anticoagulant complex on cell surfaces that inactivates two of the regulatory proteins of coagulation, factors Va and VIIIa. Activated protein C is then cleared from the circulation by a relatively slow inactivation by α 1 antitrypsin and the protein C inhibitor. Deficiencies in protein C and protein S are associated with thrombotic complications. With protein S, this can arise as the result of a deficiency in protein S synthesis, proteolytic cleavage, and/or due to an increase in binding to the complement regulatory protein C4bBP, which behaves like an acute phase reactant. Inflammatory mediators not only elevate C4bBP levels, but also lead to downregulation of thrombomodulin expression. Animal experiments suggest that activated protein C and protein S may be effective and safe antithrombotic agents.
The effects of density on thermal conductivity and absorption coefficient for consolidated aluminum nanoparticles

Abstract Thermal conductivity and absorption coefficients were determined for a range of bulk densities for consolidated aluminum (Al) nanoparticle pellets by a laser flash analysis technique. Samples where heated on their front face using a Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm wavelength) and the temperature was measured on the rear face as a function of time. COMSOL Multiphysics® was used to model the experimental setup to determine the thermal conductivity and absorption coefficients. Thermal conductivity was found to increase with density from 0.2 to 1 W/(mK) for densities from 1.1 to 2.3 g/cm3 due to increase surface contact between particles. The absorption coefficient was found to range from 0.30 to 0.54 and increase with density for the range of bulk densities investigated. These results provide a fundamental understanding of properties influencing ignition mechanisms in aluminum containing materials.
CEDAR: a core-extraction distributed ad hoc routing algorithm

We present CEDAR, a core-extraction distributed ad hoc routing algorithm for quality-of-service (QoS) routing in ad hoc network environments, CEDAR has three key components: (a) the establishment and maintenance of a self-organizing routing infrastructure called the core for performing route computations; (b) the propagation of the link-state of high bandwidth and stable links in the core through increase/decrease waves; and (c) a QoS-route computation algorithm that is executed at the core nodes using only locally available state. The performance evaluations show that CEDAR is a robust and adaptive QoS routing algorithm that reacts quickly and effectively to the dynamics of the network while still approximating the performance of link-state routing for stable networks.
The Twilight of Corporate Strategy: A Comparative Ethical Critique

The article reviews the book “The Twilight of Corporate Strategy: A Comparative Ethical Critique,” by Daniel R. Gilbert Jr.
Cultivar Maturity and Reproductive Growth Duration in Soybean

Twenty-seven soybean (Glycine max L. (Merrill)) cultivars from maturity groups (MG) 00 through V were grown in a field at Lexington, Kentucky (38° N latitude), for 2 years, to evaluate the relationship between the duration of reproductive growth and total growth duration. Reproductive growth stages were measured at weekly intervals and dates of R1 (initial bloom) and R5 (beginning seed fill) were estimated by linear interpolation. The date of physiological maturity (growth stage R7) was based on measurements made at two day intervals. The total growth duration increased from 84 days (averaged across years) for MG 00 to 134 days for MG V. Vegetative growth (planting to R5) increased in direct proportion to the total growth cycle. The flowering and pod set period (Rl to R5) was similar for MG 00 and 0, but increased from MG I to IV. The seed filling period, estimated from R5 to R7 and by the effective filling period, increased from MG 00 to I, but there was no change from MG I through V. These data indicate that the duration of seed fill does not always increase as the total growth cycle increases.
Scalable integrated routing using prefix labels and distributed hash tables for MANETs

We present AIR (Automatic Incremental Routing), a unified approach for scalable unicast and multicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). In AIR, nodes run a distributed routing algorithm to assign prefix labels to themselves. The labels are assigned such that routing to unicast or multicast destinations is automatic, in that a route from any node to a destination is defined by the node's prefix labels, and incremental, in that no relay node needs to know an entire path to any destination. We verify that AIR provides correct unicast and multicast routing, and present simulation results comparing AIR with AODV, OLSR, MAODV and ODMRP in MANETs. The results from these simulation experiments, as well as from tests carried out in a small testbed running AIR in wireless routers, illustrate that AIR offers substantial performance advantages over traditional unicast and multicast routing protocols, even in the case of small networks.
Measurement of fifth- and seventh-order nonlinearities of glasses

We extend the spectrally resolved two-beam coupling technique for measurements of cubic nonlinearities of materials to include higher-order nonlinearities. The governing equations of the extended technique are derived and applied to the analysis of the experimental measurements. We report the observation of saturation of the cubic optical nonlinearity of several glasses. Fifth- and seventh-order nonlinearities are required to account for the measured nonlinear phase shifts. The observation of saturable nonlinear indices accompanied by only moderate nonlinear absorption will be relevant to some applications.
A possible explanation for rapid, large‐scale ionospheric responses to southward turnings of the IMF

We have examined the dayside high-latitude convection response to a sudden southward turning of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) and found that the response is nearly instantaneous (<2 min) over a spatial region extending from ∼75° to 85° and from ∼9 to 16 MLT. Observations of the magnetic field were made with the WIND spacecraft in the solar wind and the GEOTAIL and IMP8 spacecraft in the magnetosheath. In the high-latitude ionosphere, the HF radars of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) were used to monitor the convection. Based on the magnetosheath flow of the gas dynamic approximation, the field lines of the new IMF state were draped over a large portion of the dayside magnetopause when the first significant indication of convection response was measured in the ionosphere. Significant magnetic field line draping accompanied by extended reconnection on the dayside magnetopause may help explain the rapid, large-scale response of ionospheric convection.
Bifurcation and Manifold Based Approach for Voltage and Oscillatory Stability Assessment and Control

This paper presents a framework based on a bifurcation and differential manifold approach that combines identification and tracing of both saddle node and Hopf bifurcation margin boundaries. The bifurcation related margin boundary could be traced along any control scenario in a multi-control parameter space combined with any given loading scenario. This is achieved by moving from one boundary point to the next without re-tracing the entire PV curve. In addition, to take into account damping, an integration-based approach to trace the critical eigenvalue near the imaginary axis is proposed. Indices are developed to identify the critical eigenvalue to be traced for further analysis. They take into account the rate of change as well as the direction of the movement. This method in combination with maximum real part calculation provides reliable information related to margins with respect to oscillatory stability and minimum damping requirements. Eigenvalue and eigenvector sensitivities (with respect to any explicit/implicit parameters) are by products of this approach. This approach can lead to cost-based fast monitoring and control for voltage and damping related margins.
Feasibility Analysis on High Voltage Ride-through of Wind Turbines

With the rapid increase of wind farms, a set of specific requirements have been established or are developing. The objective of these grid guidelines is to ensure wind farms not adversely affecting the power system. The control strategies and theories on low voltage ride through (LVRT) have been focused on for a long time, how to deal with the gird high voltage is seldom discussed. This paper introduces the main types of wind turbines, discusses the major grid requirements of high voltage ride through (HVRT). The capability of HVRT for current wind farms is introduced. The technology and its implementation of the HVRT of wind turbines are focused on. The technical feasibility to increase the capacity of HVRT for wind turbines and the cost are analyzed in detail. Finally a conclusion is achieved, that is installing DC chopper can help converters to realize HVRT.
Remote Sensed Spectral Imagery to Detect Late Blight in Field Tomatoes

Late blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Phytophthora infestans, is a disease that quickly spreads in tomato fields under suitable weather conditions and can threaten the sustainability of tomato farming in California, USA. This paper explores the applicability of remotely sensed images to detect disease spectral anomalies for precision disease management. We used the indices approach and generated a 5-index image that we used to identify the disease in tomato fields based on information from field-collected spectra and linear combinations of the spectral indices. Field results indicated that we were able to identify five clusters in the image space with small overlaps of a few clusters. Using the identified 5-cluster scheme to classify the tomato field images, we were able to successfully separate the diseased tomatoes from the healthy ones before economic damage was caused. Hence, the method based on a 5-index image may significantly enhance the capability of multispectral remote sensing for disease discrimination at the field level.
Biotransformation of 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12- Hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) by Denitrifying Pseudomonas sp. Strain FA1

The microbial and enzymatic degradation of a new energetic compound, 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), is not well understood. Fundamental knowledge about the mechanism of microbial degradation of CL-20 is essential to allow the prediction of its fate in the environment. In the present study, a CL-20-degrading denitrifying strain capable of utilizing CL-20 as the sole nitrogen source, Pseudomonas sp. strain FA1, was isolated from a garden soil. Studies with intact cells showed that aerobic conditions were required for bacterial growth and that anaerobic conditions enhanced CL-20 biotransformation. An enzyme(s) involved in the initial biotransformation of CL-20 was shown to be membrane associated and NADH dependent, and its expression was up-regulated about 2.2-fold in CL-20-induced cells. The rates of CL-20 biotransformation by the resting cells and the membrane-enzyme preparation were 3.2 ± 0.1 nmol h−1 mg of cell biomass−1 and 11.5 ± 0.4 nmol h−1 mg of protein−1, respectively, under anaerobic conditions. In the membrane-enzyme-catalyzed reactions, 2.3 nitrite ions (NO2−), 1.5 molecules of nitrous oxide (N2O), and 1.7 molecules of formic acid (HCOOH) were produced per reacted CL-20 molecule. The membrane-enzyme preparation reduced nitrite to nitrous oxide under anaerobic conditions. A comparative study of native enzymes, deflavoenzymes, and a reconstituted enzyme(s) and their subsequent inhibition by diphenyliodonium revealed that biotransformation of CL-20 is catalyzed by a membrane-associated flavoenzyme. The latter catalyzed an oxygen-sensitive one-electron transfer reaction that caused initial N denitration of CL-20.
Social competence among cocaine abusers: moderating effects of comorbid diagnoses and gender

Levels of social competence and maladaptive behaviors were examined among 184 male and 85 female treatment-seeking cocaine abusers. Social competence was assessed based on indices of functioning at work and in relationships, maladaptive behaviors included severity of drug and legal problems, and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. Consistent with developmental interpretations, results indicated that addicts with comorbid depression had higher social competence than those with comorbid antisocial personality disorders. In contrast with research on other psychiatric groups, female addicts had lower social competence than males; however, they also had lower levels of maladaptive behaviors. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for preventive interventions and treatment for drug abusers.
A microarchitectural-level step-power analysis tool

Clock gating is an effective means for reducing average power consumption. However, clock gating can exacerbate maximum cycle-to-cycle current swings, or the step-power (Ldi/dt) problem. We present a microarchitecture-level step-power simulator and demonstrate its use in exploring how design alternatives impact relative step-power levels. We show how the tool can be used to identify major sources of high microprocessor step-power events. Our experiments indicate that branch mispredictions are a major cause of high step-power occurrences. We also show that high step-power events are infrequent which suggest that architectural techniques may limit step-power at potentially low performance cost.
Disruption of the Mouse μ-Calpain Gene Reveals an Essential Role in Platelet Function

Conventional calpains are ubiquitous calcium-regulated cysteine proteases that have been implicated in cytoskeletal organization, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell motility, and hemostasis. There are two forms of conventional calpains: the μ-calpain, or calpain I, which requires micromolar calcium for half-maximal activation, and the m-calpain, or calpain II, which functions at millimolar calcium concentrations. We evaluated the functional role of the 80-kDa catalytic subunit of μ-calpain by genetic inactivation using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. The μ-calpain-deficient mice are viable and fertile. The complete deficiency of μ-calpain causes significant reduction in platelet aggregation and clot retraction but surprisingly the mutant mice display normal bleeding times. No detectable differences were observed in the cleavage pattern and kinetics of calpain substrates such as the β3 subunit of αIIbβ3 integrin, talin, and ABP-280 (filamin). However, μ-calpain null platelets exhibit impaired tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins including the β3 subunit of αIIbβ3 integrin, correlating with the agonist-induced reduction in platelet aggregation. These results provide the first direct evidence that μ-calpain is essential for normal platelet function, not by affecting the cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins but by potentially regulating the state of tyrosine phosphorylation of the platelet proteins.
Pandemic influenza and the duty to treat: the importance of solidarity and loyalty.

While Malm and colleagues (2008) make a valuable contribution to the discussion regarding the duty to treat during an infectious disease epidemic; it is difficult to evaluate the arguments they out...
Altering Reactivity of Aluminum with Selective Inclusion of Polytetrafluoroethylene through Mechanical Activation

Micrometer-sized aluminum is widely used in energetics; however, performance of propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics could be significantly improved if its ignition barriers could be disrupted. We report morphological, thermal, and chemical characterization of fuel rich aluminum-polytetrafluoroethylene (70–30 wt-%) reactive particles formed by high and low energy milling. Average particle sizes range from 15–78 μm; however, specific surface areas range from approx. 2–7 m2 g−1 due to milling induced voids and cleaved surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy reveal uniform distribution of PTFE, providing nanoscale mixing within particles. The combustion enthalpy was found to be 20.2 kJ g−1, though a slight decrease (0.8 kJ g−1) results from extended high energy milling due to α-AlF3 formation. For high energy mechanically activated particles, differential scanning calorimetry in argon shows a strong, exothermic pre-ignition reaction that onsets near 440 °C and a second, more dominant exotherm that onsets around 510 °C. Scans in O2-Ar indicate that, unlike physical mixtures, more complete reaction occurs at higher heating rates and the reaction onset is drastically reduced (approx. 440 °C). Simple flame tests reveal that these altered Al-polytetrafluoroethylene particles light readily unlike micrometer-sized aluminum. Safety testing also shows these particles have high electrostatic discharge (89.9–108 mJ), impact (>213 cm), and friction (>360 N) ignition thresholds. These particles may be useful for reactive liners, thermobaric explosives, and pyrolants. In particular, the altered reactivity, large particle size and relatively low specific surface area of these fuel rich particles make them an interesting replacement for aluminum in solid propellants.
Grabbing the Headlines: Diaspora Support for Ethnopolitical Organizations in the Middle East

Why do some ethnic or ethnoreligous organizations get support from their diaspora while others do not? This question is important not only in its own right but also because a great deal of research has shown that external support can exacerbate conflicts between substate groups and the state (Smith & Stares, 2007; Collier & Hoeffler, 2004; Shain, 2002; Demmers, 2002; King & Melvin, 2000). While there has been some very good qualitative research in this area and a great deal of quantitative research examining the impact of such support on conflict outcomes, we are not aware of any quantitative analysis that examines the question of why some organizations get support while others do not. Particularly lacking is a study that examines this issue in a way that allows us to incorporate both violent and nonviolent organizations. Recent literature (Feyissa, 2012; Kleist, 2008; Orjuela, 2008) has begun to reexamine the assumption of diasporas as conflict-makers only, but there is very little data for analysis. Using data on 112 organizations in the Middle East over a 24 year time period we examine how factors like the power of the group, ideology, political behavior and government treatment of groups and organizations might or might not impact the likelihood of an organization getting support from its diaspora. Borrowing from the marketing perspective argued by Bob (2001) we argue that contentious political behavior, both violent and nonviolent, should have the largest impact on such support. We find that those that do the best job of “grabbing the headlines”, regardless of other circumstances, tend to get the most support.
Transesophageal echocardiography in rats using an intravascular ultrasound catheter

In vivo assessment of cardiac structure and function in small animals is an important experimental goal, but currently available techniques have significant limitations. A commercially available in...
Playgrounds for Children

(1936). Playgrounds for Children. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 304-345.
Full-Depth Reclamation: Cost-Effective Rehabilitation Strategy for Low-Volume Roads

Full-depth reclamation with or without various stabilizers has been successfully used as a rehabilitation strategy in California since 2001. Long-term field monitoring on a number of full-depth reclamation projects that use foamed asphalt with portland cement as the stabilizer combined with a comprehensive laboratory study resulted in the preparation of guidelines and specification language for this rehabilitation strategy in 2008. However, the design criteria were essentially empirical in line with California design procedures for this level of rehabilitation project. There has been growing interest in the use of full-depth reclamation with no stabilizer as a rehabilitation option for lower-volume roads and in the use of mechanistic design in a greater range of rehabilitation projects. Consequently, the research initiative was extended to a second phase to include accelerated load testing on an instrumented test track constructed with four full-depth reclamation strategies to gather data for the developm...
Bayesian Military Impulse Noise Classifier

Civilian noise complaints and damage claims have created the need for stations to monitor military impulse noise. However, the stations currently in service suffer from numerous false positive detections (due to wind noise) of impulse events and often miss many events of interest. To improve the accuracy of military impulse noise monitoring, an algorithm based upon a Bayesian classifier with inputs of conventional and custom acoustic metrics is proposed. To train and evaluate the noise classifier approximately 1,000 waveforms were field collected. The final Bayesian noise classifier used kurtosis and crest factor and, the frequency domain metrics, spectral slope and weighted square error as inputs. The EM algorithm is utilized to fit multi-Gaussian distributions to the different classes of data. In testing the classifier performed to accuracies of up to 99.6%.© 2007 ASME
Sequential development of two separate therapy-related myeloid neoplasms following radiotherapy for prostate cancer

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (t-MN) is a newly defined entity in the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification and includes therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML), myelodyspla...
Nonnarcotic Analgesic Use in Acute and Cancer Pain: Results of Selected Meta-analyses:

Meta-analysis is a statistical tool used for analyzing the combined data from multiple trials, both randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) and other trials. The pooling of data from several trials that is part of the methodology of meta-analysis increases the number of patients available for statistical analysis. This may, in turn, increase the statistical power of certain findings. Alternately, a meta-analysis that is conducted in an area in which several trials have produced conflicting results may help summarize overall trends in findings. Meta-analysis is valuable not only because the process forces a systematic evaluation of existing trials, but also because it can expose deficiencies in existing data, contribute to the planning process for new research, and promote standardized data reporting. However, the techniques of meta-analysis cannot be universally applied. Even though large numbers of clinical trials may have been completed in a certain area, it may not be possible to produce valid meta-analyses if data are not reported in a
Advances in Cyclogenesis Theory: Toward a Generalized Theory of Baroclinic Development

Baroclinic cyclones are the primary weather-producing agents in midlatitudes, and the passing of lows and highs on the synoptic chart has long been recognized as heralding the change from storm to clearing skies. The association between a “falling glass” and deteriorating conditions gave impetus to the development of a variety of cyclogenesis theories, and the quest for a physical understanding of the cyclone has challenged some of the finest minds from the previous century to our own day. While all of the theories preceding our present understanding in terms of quasigeostrophic instability theory enjoyed an interval of ascendency, each predecessor ultimately suffered a more or less thorough eclipse; a historical observation that should at the least serve to forestall complacency.
To Have or Not to Have: Motherhood, Disability, and Choice

Given the historically held belief that all women are destined to be mothers, motherhood, as choice, is a relatively modern concept. Today, most women consider motherhood as one option, with some opting for other paths of life. In fact, current statistics point to a substantial increase in childlessness in the USA, Canada, Europe, and New Zealand, with approximately 20% of women estimated to be childless around the turn of the century (Jones & Brayfield, 1997; Hird & Abshoff, 2000; Park, 2002). While medical advances in the field of reproductive technology have resulted in more treatment options for infertile couples and in extending women’s childbearing years (Keye, 1999; Stammer, Wischmann & Verres, 2002), childlessness by choice is gaining more prominence.
Effects of Flower-Morph Frequency and Distribution on Recruitment and Behaviour of Honeybees

SummaryFrequency and distribution of flower morphs were varied in artificial flower patches. Recruitment of naive honeybees (Apis mellifera) to each flower morph and behaviour of ‘crop-attached’ honeybees were observed. Naive bees exhibited a preference for a flower morph (preference effect in recruitment). Furthermore, there appeared to be a disproportionately high recruitment of naive honeybees to the less abundant flower morph (frequency effect). However, honeybees became and remained individually constant to each flower morph for all flower-morph frequencies and distributions tested. Implications of the data for models of sympatric evolution in angiosperms and for pollination systems are discussed.
Dionysian Myths and Alcoholic Realities

Drinking permeates writing in England during the period 1780–1830, in songs of celebration, narrative poems, elegies for those who drank too much, studies of drinking patterns among the lower classes, analyses of the intoxicated self, and confessions of inebriation. The abundance of these writings about drink, the complexity of their analyses, the urgency of their tone, and the elaborateness of their themes and variations indicate that men and women worried about drinking fifty years earlier than the familiar temperance writings of the mid-nineteenth century and a hundred and fifty years before the often-studied alcoholic fictions of twentieth-century America. In public and in private, in high culture and in low, in formal and in casual exchanges, Romantic writers describe the pleasures and pains of drinking.
Chapter 3 – Physicochemical, Electronic, and Mechanical Properties of Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles (1–100 nm) are being used extensively in various biotechnological, medical, and pharmacological applications. In bulk materials (>500 nm), the percentage of atoms (or molecules) at the surface is insignificant in relation to the core atoms; thus, bulk materials have constant physicochemical properties regardless of their size or shape. For nanoparticles, size reduction increases the percentage of atoms at the surface; thus, the contribution of surface to the particles' properties becomes significant. The size often dictates their physical, chemical, magnetic, and electronic properties of nanoparticles. Some of the nanoparticles' unique properties are quantum confinement in semiconductor particles, surface plasmon resonance in some metal particles, reduced friction, and superparamagnetism in magnetic materials. The unique structure that confers the nanoparticles their unique physicochemical, mechanical, electronic, and magnetic properties are also responsible for their unique toxicity. Because of size dependence, a small change in size may result in a relatively large change in their adverse effects. Therefore, an understanding of the properties of nanoparticles will play a significant role in understanding their toxicity and then developing strategies to control them.
New Onset Migraine Associated With a Civilian Burn Pit

ABSTRACT Background: Deployed service members exposed to burn pit smoke can experience a multitude of symptoms. Respiratory symptoms after burn pit smoke exposure are well recognized, but neurologic symptoms are less well recognized. There are reports of migraines triggered by odors but no specific reports of new onset migraines triggered by exposure to burn pit smoke. Clinicians encountering patients with new onset migraines in the deployed setting face the dilemma of evacuating the patients to perform neuroimaging or keeping them in theatre. Methods: Retrospective case series study and review of the literature. Findings: Three patients with new onset headache after exposure to open burn pit smoke are described. The headaches met established criteria to be classified as migraine with aura in two patients and migraine without aura in one patient. The migraines were triggered by exposure to the burn pit smoke and relieved by avoidance of the smoke. The patients did not have history of migraine and had norm...
Health-related quality of life outcomes in complex adult spinal deformity surgery.

OBJECTIVESignificant health-related quality of life (HRQOL) benefits have been observed for patients undergoing primary and revision adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. The purpose of this study was to report changes in HRQOL measures in a consecutive series of patients undergoing complex spinal reconstructive surgery, using Scoli-RISK-1 (SR-1) inclusion criteria.METHODSThis was a single-center, retrospective cohort study. The SR-1 inclusion criteria were used to define patients with complex ASD treated between June 1, 2009, and June 1, 2011. Standard preoperative and perioperative data were collected, including the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)–22r instrument. The HRQOL changes were evaluated at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Standardized forms were used to collect surgery-related complications data for all patients. Complications were defined as minor, transient major, or permanent major. Patients who achieved a minimum 2-year follow-up were included in the analysis.RESULTSEighty-four patients meeting...
Ethics and Uncertainty: In Vitro Fertilization and Risks to Women’s Health

From the 1940s to the early 1970s, doctors gave diethylstilbertrol (DES) to millions of pregnant women in order to prevent spontaneous abortions. Physicians did not have, however, adequate information about the potential consequences of the use of this hormone. Years later, researchers have found that two to four million daughters of women who took DES are suffering cancer of the vagina and cervix at a rate higher than that of the female population their own age. These women also have experienced increased rates of infertility, spontaneous abortions, and ectopic (outside the uterus) pregnancies. Moreover, more than thirty years after they used the drug, women who took DES are suffering from 40% to 50% higher rates of breast cancer than other women of their age.1 Similarly, the case of the Dalkon Shield, an intrauterine-contraceptive device marketed for several years, exemplifies problems in dealing with medical technologies. Between 1970 and 1974, doctors inserted the Dalkon Shield into more than two million U.S. women and a total of four million worldwide. After women used it extensively, researchers compiled evidence indicating that severe hemorrhaging, infected miscarriages, ectopic pregnancies, infertility, mutilated reproductive organs, and death could result from its utilization.
Pedunculated and obstructive Wilms' tumor: A rare presentation in a 2 year-old male.

Abstract Wilms' tumor manifesting as an obstructing ureteral mass is extremely rare. Herein, we report an unusual case in which a child presented with a clinical picture concerning for and suggestive of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), but was instead found to have an intrapelvic pedunculated Wilms' tumor with extension into the proximal ureter. We discuss the patient's diagnostic workup, radiographic, operative and pathologic findings, as well as important lessons learned from this unusual case.
The Influence of iPads on Course Performance and Student Perceptions of Learning in Human Anatomy

The influence of iPad compared to computer-based active and collaborative learning activities on academic performance, along with student attitudes toward technology, engagement, and perceived learning were examined between two one-semester undergraduate-level Human Anatomy classes. Student attitudes and perceived learning were assessed using pre- and post-semester surveys between two simultaneous classes: iPad-integrated (n = 24) and no-iPad (n = 21). No-iPad users reported higher attainment of course objectives (human anatomy factual knowledge, principles and theories, and application of material) than iPad users. IPad users also reported lower levels of course engagement following fifteen weeks of usage whereas no-iPad users reported higher levels of engagement. Both groups showed similar learning gains based on test scores, and final grades. This article explores potential explanations for discrepancies with some previous research by highlighting the importance of consistent instructional methods, regardless of media, in undergraduate education.
Learning Center Courses for Faculty and Staff: Reading, Writing, and Time Management

(1981). Learning Center Courses for Faculty and Staff: Reading, Writing, and Time Management. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Western College Reading Association: Vol. 14, Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the WCRA. Theme: Challenge Reassessment Affirmation, pp. 149-154.
The Public's Preparedness for Hurricanes in Four Affected Regions

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to look at how prepared people in communities outside the main areas devastated by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita thought they were for those storms and for major hurricanes in the near future, what factors were related to why people did not evacuate, and what concerns people had in communities that took in evacuees from the hurricanes. METHODS: Telephone interviews were conducted with randomly selected adults in Baton Rouge, Houston, Dallas, and Mississippi/Alabama (excluding the immediate Gulf Coast) to assess respondents' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about hurricane preparedness and response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. RESULTS: The surveys found a sizeable proportion of respondents who might not, for a number of reasons, comply with future orders to evacuate. A substantial proportion reported that they were not prepared for another major hurricane and indicated a desire for more information about how to prepare for future hurricanes. In communities that reported taking in large numbers of evacuees, residents expressed concern about the impact of the evacuees on their community. CONCLUSION: Evacuating communities involves a number of concrete problems that were not adequately addressed in the cases of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Responses to these surveys indicate a need for more comprehensive hurricane disaster planning. Language: en
The Use of Play Assessment to Examine the Development of Communication Skills in Children Who Are Deaf-Blind.

This study evaluated the relationship between the play behaviors of 18 children aged 3–12 who are deaf-blind and their communication skills using the Play Assessment Scale and several multidomain d...
Administration of p.g. 600 to sows at weaning and the time of ovulation as determined by transrectal ultrasound.

This study determined whether the interval from estrus to ovulation was altered by giving P.G. 600 to sows at weaning. Mixed-parity sows received P.G. 600 i.m. (n = 72) or no treatment (n = 65) at weaning (d 0). Beginning on d 0, sows were observed for estrus twice daily. At the onset of estrus and thereafter, ultrasound was performed twice daily to determine the average size of the largest follicles and time of ovulation. Weaning age (20.1+/-0.4 d) did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments. More P.G. 600 sows expressed estrus within 8 d (P 0.10). The interval from weaning to estrus was reduced (P 0.10). The percentage of sows that ovulated did not differ (P > 0.10) for P.G. 600 and control sows (90.3% vs 81.5%, respectively). Time of ovulation after estrus was not affected by treatment and averaged 44.8 h. However, univariate analysis indicated that the interval from weaning to estrus influenced the interval from estrus to ovulation (r = 0.43, P or = 0 h before ovulation compared with insemination > or = 24 h before ovulation (55%). In summary, P.G. 600 enhanced the expression of estrus and ovulation in weaned sows but, breeding protocols may need to be optimized for time of ovulation based on the interval from weaning to estrus.
Postsynaptic Actions of Acetylcholine in the Mammalian Brain in Vitro

The central cholinergic system appears to be involved in a number of normal and abnormal behaviors including learning and memory (see Squire and Davis, 1981; Salamone, 1986), sleep (see Sakai, 1985), arousal and attentiveness (Singer, 1977; Steriade, 1981), and Alzheimer’s disease (Coyle et al, 1983), to name but a few. Acetylcholine (ACh) is a remarkably versatile neurotransmitter/neuromodulator which is localized in as many as 40 nuclei in the CNS (Kimura et al, 1981; Houser et al, 1983; Mesulam et al, 1983a, 1984). Applications of ACh to central neurons can cause not only rapid and/or slow excitation, but also inhibition (see Krnjevic, 1975). Furthermore, these actions are dispersed throughout all levels of the neuraxis (e.g., cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, brain stem, spinal cord, and PNS) (see Krnjevic, 1975).
Impact of Early Weight Changes after Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation on Subsequent Survival

Background Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) candidates commonly experience unintentional weight loss (cardiac cachexia) pre-implantation. Cardiac cachexia is associated with mortality, but patients may regain lost weight once supported by an LVAD. We sought to characterize early post-LVAD weight changes, define the impact of early weight gain on survival, and identify pre-LVAD biomarkers of subsequent weight gain failure. Methods We reviewed single-center durable LVAD recipients 2010-2015, recording percent weight change (WC) from implantation to 3 and 6 months of LVAD support (±14 days). We constructed a Cox model, starting at 3 months, for the relationship between WC and mortality on LVAD support (censored on transplant). We used linear regression to identify pre-LVAD laboratory variables associated with positive WC at 3 months post-LVAD. Results Of 211 LVAD recipients, 166 survived on LVAD support >3 months and were eligible for analysis (21% female, mean age 55 y, BMI 27.9 kg/m 2 ). Pre-LVAD BMI was not associated with subsequent mortality. The mean WC at 3 and 6 months was -2.97% (±std dev 8.66%) and +1.69% (±10.72%), respectively ( Figure 1a ), with 23% and 47% of patients achieving ≥+3% WC at 3 and 6 months. Patients with pre-LVAD BMI 2 were more likely to gain ≥+3% weight than those with pre-LVAD BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 at 3 months (44% vs 11%, p Figure 1b ). Positive WC at 6 months showed a similar association: adjusted HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.96, p Conclusion Mean weight declines early post-LVAD, followed by subsequent weight recovery at 6 months of LVAD support. A positive WC at 3 or 6 months is associated with greater future survival. Low albumin and high NLR at LVAD implantation may identify recipients at risk of weight gain failure, who could be targeted for an early nutritional intervention.
Correction: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Colitis and Hepatitis

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of colitis in the article title. It was incorrectly spelt as "colits". This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Optical Biopsy for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Native fluorescence spectra are acquired from fresh normal and cancerous human prostate tissues. The fluorescence data are analyzed using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm such as non-nega...
Selenium decreases prostate specific antigen expression by inducing protein degradation and suppressing mRNA abundance

5497 Several human trials are being conducted to verify the preventive efficacy of selenium against prostate cancer. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is used in these trials as an indicator of response to selenium intervention. A better understanding of the effects of selenium metabolites on PSA expression may help interpret the results of theses trials. To this end, we compared the effects of methylselenol and its precursor methylseleninic acid (MSeA) vs. selenite on PSA expression in LNCaP cells in cell culture. Preclinical model studies have implicated methylselenol as an active selenium species for cancer chemoprevention. The results showed that sub-apoptotic doses (
A PSK Modulation Scheme for Sensor Integrated RFIDs

In this paper, a PSK based modulation scheme is proposed in the RFID framework for transmitting at high bit rates from the tag. The PSK modulation circuit is compatible with the existing passive RFID tag RF front end circuit. The modulation scheme is useful for high speed sensor integrated with RFID applications. The PSK modulation and demodulation circuits are fabricated on PCB and the measurement results are reported.
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Experiencing Partner Violence

Intimate partner violence (IPV) significantly increases HIV risk among MSM. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may provide MSM experiencing IPV an option for self-protection from HIV without requiring condom negotiation or compromising safety. This study examined relationships among various forms of IPV (physical, emotional, monitoring, controlling, and forced sex) and PrEP use among 863 MSM participating in a cross-sectional, internet-based survey. Participants reported IPV rates during the prior 6 months that were consistent with prior research (physical violence, 23.3%; emotional violence, 36.3%; monitoring, 45.1%; controlling, 25.3%; forced sex, 20.0%). Forced sex and emotional IPV were negatively associated with PrEP use in our sample; in contrast, controlling was positively associated with PrEP use. We suggest clinical IPV screenings among MSM seeking PrEP, as well as PrEP-focused interventions that explicitly address IPV.
The nomological network of cognitive fusion among people living with HIV: Associations with rumination, shame, and depressive symptoms

Abstract There is little research examining the interrelationships between cognitive fusion and the conceptually related constructs of shame, rumination, and self-compassion, especially among people living with HIV (PLWH). Given that PLWH are at risk for depression and anxiety, it is important to understand the nomological network of cognitive fusion and related risk factors for these internalizing symptoms among PLWH. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which cognitive fusion is associated with these related constructs among a sample of PLWH presenting to an outpatient behavioral health clinic (N = 111). Cognitive fusion was associated with greater levels of general shame, HIV-related shame, and rumination, and with lower levels of self-compassion. In a network analysis, cognitive fusion was most strongly associated (negatively) with self-compassion. In addition, cognitive fusion was associated with both depressive and anxiety symptoms, and to a similar degree. The results highlight the interconnectedness of cognitive fusion with these conceptually related constructs. Future research is needed to clarify the extent to which cognitive fusion is a causal factor for internalizing symptoms, both uniquely and in conjunction with related constructs, among PLWH as well as the extent to which targeting cognitive fusion (e.g., with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) can reduce internalizing symptoms.
Rape myth acceptance of students: The influence of social groups.

Objective: The purpose of the study was two-fold. The first objective was to determine the level of rape myth acceptance of college students. The second objective was to determine the impact of social group membership on rape myth. Participants: 316 undergraduate students were recruited in spring of 2016. Methods: Surveys distributed to students to gauge rape myth acceptance using McMahon and Farmer's Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance scale along with social group belongingness of sports, Greek life, and other student organizations. Results: Data analysis indicated students do not accept rape myths. Data specified no statistical significance, unlike past research, in social group membership such as Greek life and athletics in predicting rape myth acceptance. Conclusion: There is a need to further explore social group membership in its various forms to explain rape myths and why patterns of agreement still exist in this population.