cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myopericarditis after vaccination, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 1990-2018.

BACKGROUND Myopericarditis after vaccination has been sporadically reported in the medical literature. Here, we present a thorough descriptive analysis of reports to a national passive vaccine safety surveillance system (VAERS) of myopericarditis after vaccines licensed for use in the United States. METHODS We identified U.S. reports of myopericarditis received by VAERS during 1990-2018 that met a published case definition for myopericarditis or were physician-diagnosed. We stratified analysis by age group (<19, 19-49, ≥50 years), describing reports by serious/non-serious status, sex, time to symptom onset after vaccination, vaccine(s) administered, and exposure to other known causes of myopericarditis. We used Empirical Bayesian data mining to detect disproportionate reporting of myopericarditis after vaccination. RESULTS VAERS received 620,195 reports during 1990-2018: 708 (0.1%) met the case definition or were physician-diagnosed as myopericarditis. Most (79%) myopericarditis reports described males; 69% were serious; 72% had symptom onset ≤ 2 weeks postvaccination. Overall, smallpox (59%) and anthrax (23%) vaccines were most commonly reported. By age, among persons aged < 19 years, Haemophilus influenzae type b (22, 22%) and hepatitis B (18, 18%); among persons aged 19-49 years smallpox (387, 79%); among persons aged ≥ 50 years inactivated influenza (31, 36%) and live attenuated zoster (19, 22%) vaccines were most commonly reported. The vaccines most commonly reported remained unchanged when excluding 138 reports describing other known causes of myopericarditis. Data mining revealed disproportionate reporting of myopericarditis only after smallpox vaccine. CONCLUSIONS Despite the introduction of new vaccines over the years, myopericarditis remains rarely reported after vaccines licensed for use in the United States. In this analysis, myopericarditis was most commonly reported after smallpox vaccine, and less commonly after other vaccines.
The Golden Quadrilateral Highway Project and Urban/Rural Manufacturing in India

This study investigates the impact of the Golden Quadrilateral highway project on the urban and rural growth of Indian manufacturing. The Golden Quadrilateral project upgraded the quality and width of 5,846 km of roads in India. The study uses a difference-in-difference estimation strategy to compare non-nodal districts based on their distance from the highway system. For the organized portion of the manufacturing sector, the Golden Quadrilateral project led to improvements in both urban and rural areas of non-nodal districts located 0-10 km from the Golden Quadrilateral. These higher entry rates and increases in plant productivity are not present in districts 10-50 km away. The entry effects are stronger in rural areas of districts, but the differences between urban and rural areas are modest relative to the overall effect. The productivity consequences are similar in both locations. The most important difference appears to be the greater activation of urban areas near the nodal cities and rural areas in remote locations along the Golden Quadrilateral network. For the unorganized sector, no material effects are found from the Golden Quadrilateral upgrades in either setting. These findings suggest that in the time frames that we can consider -- the first five to seven years during and after upgrades -- the economic effects of major highway projects contribute modestly to the migration of the organized sector out of Indian cities, but are unrelated to the increased urbanization of the unorganized sector.
A Hybrid NOMA/OMA Scheme for MTC in Ultra-Dense Networks

Non-Orthogonal Multiple-Access (NOMA) where multiple users share the same resources simultaneously, is one promising candidate for beyond 5G. Besides, an Ultra-Dense Network (UDN) with massive numbers of deployed Small Cells (SCs) can significantly boost the performance of the network. In this paper, we propose a hybrid NOMA/OMA scenario deployed within a UDN environment to support a massive number of devices under the umbrella of the massive MachineType Communication (mMTC) use case. NOMA is performed through pairing devices from two disjoint groups with different normalized Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR). Using tools from stochastic geometry, we derive an analytical expression for the Area Spectral Efficiency (ASE) gain when deploying our proposed hybrid NOMA/OMA scheme and compare it to a scenario of pure Orthogonal Multiple-Access (OMA). Moreover, in order to reflect the characteristics of the UDN environment, we model the large scale fading using the Stretched Exponential Path Loss (SEPL) model. We show through both simulations and analyses that the gain obtained from the hybrid NOMA/OMA scheme can be optimized based on the different system parameters. We also investigate the impact of densifying the network on the significance of NOMA deployment.
The Use of ETFs in Internationally-Focused Mutual Fund Portfolios

We explore the implications of US-based, internationally-focused equity mutual funds holding exchange traded funds (ETFs). We observe significant differences in how ETFs are used by international m...
The Hidden Politics of High School Violence

This chapter demonstrates that political violence tied to the freedom rights of Black students was a national phenomenon in the civil rights–era high school. Additionally, it shows how responses to that violence systematically criminalized Black students by binding public schools to the growing carceral state. In tracing these developments, this chapter broadens understandings of who engaged in politics and where and how people acted politically during the late civil rights era. This chapter also suggests possibilities for further research, highlighting the need for focused cases studies of the causes and consequences of high school violence. While the complexities of mass violence make it an especially challenging subject for historical research, they underscore the need to study it at the local level.
Pediatric Critical Care Fellowship

Pediatric critical care is a career that allows for an engaging, intellectually challenging and rigorous work life. Choice of career takes careful consideration of skills and goals, and this chapter offers suggestions for how to approach that decision when PICU is of interest, as well as how to prepare yourself.
Effect of Basic Residue on the Kinetics of Peptide Fragmentation Examined Using Surface-Induced Dissociation Combined with Resonant Ejection

Abstract In this work, resonant ejection coupled with surface-induced dissociation (SID) in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer is used to examine fragmentation kinetics of two singly protonated hexapeptides, RYGGFL and KYGGFL, containing the basic arginine residue and less basic lysine residue at the N-terminus. The kinetics of individual reaction channels at different collision energies are probed by applying a short ejection pulse (1 ms) in resonance with the cyclotron frequency of a selected fragment ion and varying the delay time between ion-surface collision and resonant ejection while keeping total reaction delay time constant. Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) modeling of the experimental data provides accurate threshold energies and activation entropies of individual reaction channels. Substitution of arginine with less basic lysine has a pronounced effect on the observed fragmentation kinetics of several pathways, including the b2 ion formation, but has little or no effect on formation of the b5+H2O fragment ion. The combination of resonant ejection SID, time- and collision energy-resolved SID, and RRKM modeling of both types of experimental data provides a detailed mechanistic understanding of the primary dissociation pathways of complex gaseous ions.
Experimental copper deficiency in miniature swine. Biochemistry, histochemistry and pathology of the central nervous system.

Abstract Congenital and postnatal copper deficiencies have been produced in miniature swine. A subclinical myelopathy was found in a single animal at the age of 104 days. The ultrastructure of the lesion, although non-specific, resembled that of swaygack in lambs. The possible pathogenesis of the disorder in this species and the factors influencing the overal incidence of disease in these experiments are briefly discussed.
Epidemiologic research using probabilistic outcome definitions.

Background Epidemiologic studies using electronic healthcare data often define the presence or absence of binary clinical outcomes by using algorithms with imperfect specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive value. This results in misclassification and bias in study results. Methods We describe and evaluate a new method called probabilistic outcome definition (POD) that uses logistic regression to estimate the probability of a clinical outcome using multiple potential algorithms and then uses multiple imputation to make valid inferences about the risk ratio or other epidemiologic parameters of interest. We conducted a simulation to evaluate the performance of the POD method with two variables that can predict the true outcome and compared the POD method with the conventional method. Results The simulation results showed that when the true risk ratio is equal to 1.0 (null), the conventional method based on a binary outcome provides unbiased estimates. However, when the risk ratio is not equal to 1.0, the traditional method, either using one predictive variable or both predictive variables to define the outcome, is biased when the positive predictive value is <100%, and the bias is very severe when the sensitivity or positive predictive value is poor (less than 0.75 in our simulation). In contrast, the POD method provides unbiased estimates of the risk ratio both when this measure of effect is equal to 1.0 and not equal to 1.0. Even when the sensitivity and positive predictive value are low, the POD method continues to provide unbiased estimates of the risk ratio. Conclusions The POD method provides an improved way to define outcomes in database research. This method has a major advantage over the conventional method in that it provided unbiased estimates of risk ratios and it is easy to use. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Dimensions

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck were anthropologists who developed a culture values orientation theory that looks at culture as a collective response to six problems all societies encounter. Keywords: culture values; culture dimensions
Use of Winter Dens by Porcupines, Erethizon dorsatum , in Wisconsin

Porcupine ( Erethizon dorsatum ) dens were monitored in Sandhill Wildlife Area in central Wisconsin between 1996-1997 and 2002-2003 to determine whether they displayed fidelity. Fidelity declined between years, with a higher proportion of Porcupines displaying fidelity to a specific den within a single winter than between winters. Yearlings displayed higher fidelity to den sites than adults. Fidelity was stronger among Porcupines occupying rock vs. tree dens. Familiarity with home spaces and onset of snowfall and snowfall depth also probably influence selection of dens.
The Chern character for classical matrix groups

We give explicit formulas for representations of classical matrix groups whose Chern characters have lowest order terms equal to standard characteristic classes. For SO(2r), the Euler class e does not arise in this way, but 2r-le does arise in this way. A complex representation p of a compact Lie group G gives rise to a complex vector bundle (p over the classifying space BG of G. In this way one obtains a ring homomorphism R(G) -* K(BG) from the complex representation ring of G to the complex K-theory of BG. Composing with the Chern character yields a ring homomorphism, R(G) -* K(BG) -h H**(BG;Q) Our interest here is in determining which cohomology classes on BG occur as the lowest order terms of some Chern character ch((p). We will consider the classical matrix groups U(n), SU(n), Sp(n), and SO(n), and we will produce explicit representations p whose Chern characters ch(Qp) have lowest order terms equaling standard characteristic classes. In all cases considered here, the lowest order terms of the Chern characters ch((p) turn out to be integral classes. For U(n), SU(n), Sp(n), and SO(2r + 1), every homogeneous integral cohomology class modulo torsion on BG arises as the lowest order term of some Chern character ch((p); for SO(2r), the Euler class does not so arise, but 2r-1 times the Euler class does. In the cases considered here where BG has integral cohomology which is free of torsion, namely, U(n), SU(n), and Sp(n), general results of Atiyah and Hirzebruch ([3], ?2.5 and ?4.8) imply that the lowest order terms of any Chern character ch((p) are integral classes and that any homogeneous integral class arises in this way. Thus our only contribution in these cases is the explicit form of certain representations which give rise to standard characteristic classes. For SO(n), whose classifying space has 2-torsion, the general results of Atiyah and Hirzebruch do not apply directly. It may be possible to obtain some general results in the presence of torsion by using the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence together with integrality results such as those of Adams [1] and Maunder [7]; we have Received by the editors October 1, 1996. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 55R40. The author was partially supported by NSA grants MDA904-94-H-2025 and MDA904-96-10067, and by Purdue University Calumet Scholarly Research Awards. ?1998 American Mathematical Society 1237 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.172 on Fri, 07 Oct 2016 06:27:24 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Dissociation of in vitro lymphocyte transformation from production of a mononuclear leucocyte chemotactic factor in agammaglobulinemic chickens.

Abstract Cultures of splenic and peripheral lymphocytes from normal chickens immunized intravenously with Brucella abortus organisms were stimulated by this antigen to incorporate significantly greater amounts of 3 H-thymidine and 14 C-leucine than lymphocytes from unimmunized animals. Lymphocytes from immunized agammaglobulinemic chickens were unresponsive to Brucella . This defect could not be corrected by the addition of either normal nonimmune or irradiated normal immune spleen cells to cultures of ag chicken lymphocytes which suggests that normally B cells transform in vitro in response to this antigen. In contrast, cultured peripheral blood leucocytes from both immunized normal and agammaglobulinemic chickens produce significantly more monocyte chemotactic factor in response to Brucella than leucocytes from nonimmune chickens. This indicates that the production of this mediator is a B cell independent function and suggests that T cells are the producers of this lymphokine.
The triple line in reactive wetting

The classical method for specifying the conditions of capillary equilibrium has been used to describe the wetting line in a simple reactive system. The results, being Young-Neumann equations for the contact angles, are compared to suggestions made by Landry et al. It was shown that under specific circumstances the suggestions made by Landry et al. agree with the classical approach. A discussion was also presented regarding the complexity of real capillary microstructures and their very simplistic theoretical description. An approach that considers microstructural defects and can distinguish metastable and true equilibrium states in complex systems is needed.
Effect of statins and white blood cell count on mortality in patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background While morbidity and mortality were shown to be increased in the setting of an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count for patients with acute coronary syndrome, the impact of statin therapy on mortality for patients with an elevated WBC count is unknown in high-risk patients with coronary artery disease. Hypothesis The goal of this study was to determine whether statin therapy improved survival in patients with elevated WBC count undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with preexisting left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, a population at high risk for adverse outcomes. Methods We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patient procedures performed at our institution from 1996 through 1999. Patients had a technically adequate angiographic left ventriculogram with a calculated ejection fraction (EF) Results Of the study population of 238 patients (average EF 39 +/- 9.8%, mean age 57.5 +/- 12 years, 68% men) 61% underwent PCI for a recent myocardial infarction, 68% received stents, and 65% were discharged on statins. Mean WBC count was 9,000 +/- 3,100 cells/mm3, with 28% of patients having a WBC > or = 10,000 cells/mm3. During follow-up, 27% of our population died. Patients with a WBC > or = 10,000 had worse survival than patients with WBC or = 10,000 (WBC > or = 10,000; odds ratio [OR] 5.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44-19.0, WBC Conclusion Patients undergoing PCI with LV dysfunction discharged on statins had improved survival regardless of WBC count, with a trend for greater improvement in patients with elevated WBC counts. In addition, WBC count predicts mortality in this high-risk population with LV dysfunction undergoing PCI.
STATE-LEVEL COORDINATION AND POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

General propositions about the policy resources of a state higher education coordinating board, some determinants of state–level coordination of institutions of higher education, the function of conflict in coordination, the role of a coordinating board in policy making., and conditions under which coordination of institutions and policy implementation may be successful are presented. The conclusion is that a coordinating board, plays an important system–maintenance function and that it is an active rather than passive policy actor, that there are several conditions under which coordination and policy implementation may occur, and that a coordinating board's ability to implement policy in especially dependent upon the political support that it receives and its ability to mobilize resources outside the higher education system.
Abstract 4483: Establishing patient-derived colorectal cancer stem cell models with aPIK3CAmutation for the development of inhibitory drugs as targeted therapies

Emerging evidences suggest that cancer stem cells (CSC) may be critically responsible for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. It becomes important to ask whether anti-cancer agents are able to target the tumor-initiating subpopulation in relevant CSC models. In this study, we first established xenograft tumors in NOD/SCID mice from a colorectal cancer patient specimen and demonstrated that CD133/EpCAM-expressing CSC population was highly tumorigenic. We then sought to propagate the CSC population under a serum-free condition. In culture, the tumor cells formed non-adherent, 3-dimensional spheroids, a fraction of which retained expression of the CSC markers. When exposed to a serum-containing medium, tumor spheroid cells differentiated into epithelial-like adherent cells with an increase in cell proliferation rate. In comparison with the differentiated progeny, tumor spheroid cells exhibited resistance to the standard-of-care agent oxaliplatin and, in limiting dilution assays in mice, displayed substantially higher tumorigenic potential. In contrast to the tumors originated from the differentiated cells, tumor spheroid cell-derived tumors recapitulated not only the CSC frequency marked by CD133/EpCAM expression, but also the histological characters of the original tumor. Similarly, only were the fragments of spheroid cell-derived xenograft tumors capable of regenerating highly proliferative tumors in secondary transplantation. Thus, the tumor spheroid culture is indeed enriched of drug resistant, self-renewing, and tumor-initiating CSC populations. Mutation profiling of frequently mutated oncogenes using Sequenom OncoCarta™ panel identified a mutation in the kinase domain of PIK3CA (H1047R) in the cultured CSCs. This mutation has been reported present in a large number of colon cancer patients and likely functions as an oncogene (Samuels et al., Science 304:554; 2004). We further demonstrated that a dual mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (PF-04691502) exhibited a more potent effect on inhibition of in vitro proliferation of the mutated CSCs compared to the chemotoxic agent oxaliplatin. Collectively, our findings suggest that CSC models provide a novel avenue to drug sensitivity and efficacy studies. The well-characterized CSC model systems may assist in the development of more effective therapy against the subpopulation of tumors driven by the CSCs bearing specific mutations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4483.
Reductive Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Zerovalent Iron in Subcritical Water

A method for remediation of PCB-contaminated soil and sediments is described that uses zerovalent iron as the dechlorination agent and subcritical water extraction (SWE) as the transporting medium. By using 100-mesh iron powder and SWE conditions of 250 °C and 10 MPa on Aroclor 1260 for 1−8 h, the higher chlorine-substituted homologues were completely reduced to their lower-substituted counterparts. The lower-substituted congeners were subsequently near-completely dechlorinated. The initial findings indicate that this technique may be a viable method for remediation of PCB-contaminated soil and sediments.
Ernst Mayr, naturalist: His contributions to systematics and evolution

Ernst Mayr's scientific career continues strongly 70 years after he published his first scientific paper in 1923. He is primarily a naturalist and ornithologist which has influenced his basic approach in science and later in philosophy and history of science. Mayr studied at the Natural History Museum in Berlin with Professor E. Stresemann, a leader in the most progressive school of avian systematics of the time. The contracts gained through Stresemann were central to Mayr's participation in a three year expedition to New Guinea and The Solomons, and the offer of a position in the Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, beginning in 1931. At the AMNH, Mayr was able to blend the best of the academic traditions of Europe with those of North America in developing a unified research program in biodiversity embracing systematics, biogeography and nomenclature. His tasks at the AMNH were to curate and study the huge collections amassed by the Whitney South Sea Expedition plus the just purchased Rothschild collection of birds. These studies provided Mayr with the empirical foundation essential for his 1942Systematics and the Origin of Species and his subsequent theoretical work in evolutionary biology as well as all his later work in the philosophy and history of science. Without a detailed understanding of Mayr's empirical systematic and biogeographic work, one cannot possibly comprehend fully his immense contributions to evolutionary biology and his later analyses in the philosophy and history of science.
Bio-inspired communications among robots, sensors, and RFID tags

In this paper, we proposed several primate-inspired communication mechanisms including delayed-and-relayed, scent-trail, and communications among robots. We analytically model and simulate the scent-trail communication. We assume that robots (mobile sensors or mobile actuators) are capable of deploying /throwing-out sensors/RFID tags.
Pi1B propagation in the high‐latitude ionosphere

[1] We present a statistical study of approximately 40 Pi1B events, using data gathered from an induction coil magnetometer array located in Svalbard, Norway, showing good alignment along the magnetic meridian: Hornsund (corrected geomagnetic (CG) latitude = 74.23° magnetic latitude (MLAT), magnetic local time (MLT) midnight = 21:01), Longyearbyen (CG latitude = 75.29° MLAT, MLT midnight = 20:50), and Ny Alesund (CG latitude = 76.30° MLAT, MLT midnight = 20:56). We find that average attenuation across the 0.001–1.0 Hz bandwidth is in the range of 30–37 dB/1000 km but that attenuation is not independent of frequency. The nonlinear dependence of attenuation on frequency is most pronounced for sunlit events, and the complexity is expected to result from a mixing of ducted and direct Pi1B signals.
A computerized system for rapid evaluation of thyroid function.

To improve the accuracy and speed of determination of thyroid structure and function, we have developed a system that combines the use of 99mTc-pertechnetate, the scintillation camera and a small general-purpose computer. With the pinhole collimator of the gamma camera over the patient's thyroid, five mCi of 99mTc-pertechnetate is injected intravenously. Data are accumulated in the core memory of an Image Display and Analysis System (“IDA”). The activity of a standard amount of 99mTc in a thyroid phantom is also measured. Data are displayed as serial images on a video screen. The exact area and activity of the thyroid are then computed by simple programs used together with a light-pen. The activity in tissue adjacent to the thyroid is subtracted to correct for extrathyroidal activity. The entire gland and focal regions within the gland are characterized by rates of uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate. The method was tested with respect to variations in the size, position and activity of the thyroid. There was g...
Natural aging of soda-lime-silicate glass in a semi-arid environment☆

Abstract Although soda-lime-silicate glass appears to be the most durable low-cost candidate material for second surface solar mirrors in the near term, only limited quantitativve information is available on the behavior of this material after long-term natural weathering in an arid environment. In an effort to assess the magnitude and character of any changes that occur, samples of soda-lime-silicate glass were examined which had experienced more than forty years of exposure as south-facing vertical windows. These samples contained areas that were both fully exposed and partially protected from moisture, sunlight and blowing particulates. The interior and exterior surfaces of both exposed and unexposed regions of the glass were compared for structural and compositional changes. The samples were also examined for spectral transmittance, reflectance, optical scatter and surface index of refraction changes. The results of these limited studies indicate that, at least from the optical point of view, the material had undergone only minor changes. The changes that did occur would not have significantly affected the performance of solar mirrors used in even the most optically demanding heliostat designs.
GLOBAL IMPERFECTIONS AND DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONS IN COLD-FORMED STEEL MEMBERS

The objective of this paper is to provide the results from an experimental program to measure global imperfections and dimensional variations in cold-formed steel-lipped channel members. Measurements were conducted at seven different manufacturing plants in the United States. A total of 210 cross sections were measured for global imperfections. Each cross section was measured at three locations, and every 305 mm (12 in.) along the length. The data is used to characterize global bow, camber, and twist. The majority of the data exhibits global imperfections well approximated by a half sine-wave. Further, global bow imperfections are shown to have a systematic bias in the direction of bow. The measured data is compared with manufacturing tolerances (e.g., L/384) and assumed imperfection sizes from column curves (e.g., L/960) as utilized in design practice in the United States. The measured imperfections served as justification for tightening manufacturing tolerances in the United States (e.g., to L/960). Dimensional variation of typical cold-formed steel members is also measured and compared with tolerances. The measured data provides much needed input for nonlinear analysis of cold-formed steel structures.
Johnson's approximate method for the 3 × n job shop problem

The effectiveness of Johnson's Approximate Method (JAM) for the 3 × n job shop scheduling problems was examined on 1,500 test cases with n ranging from 6 to 50 and with the processing times Ai, Bi, Ci (for item i on machines A, B, C) being uniformly and normally distributed. JAM proved to be quite effective for the case Bi ⩽ max (Ai, Ci) and optimal for Bi, ⩽ min (Ai, Ci).
Two Tiered Analysis of a CFRP Laminate Imbedded With Magnetostrictive Particles

The overall purpose of this research is to characterize the affects of imbedding magnetostrictive particles (MSP) in a CFRP laminate for the purpose of nondestructive evaluation. This paper details an investigation using an analytical and experimental approach. At the time of this publication, both the analytical and experimental investigations are in a preliminary stage and the results have not yet converged. The analytical investigation utilizes fundamental equations for the magnetomechanical properties of the MSP and classical laminate theory for the strength and stiffness of the CFRP laminate to obtain a model of the combination. It is assumed that the magnetomechanical relationship of the MSP layer is a function of the prestress acting on the layer. This relationship is nonlinear in nature but is broken down into a number of linear sections to facilitate analysis. This prestress acting on the MSP layer is a result of the CFRP laminate’s stiffness resisting the induced strain of the MSP layer. Classical laminate theory is used to obtain the value of the prestress as a function of this induced strain. As would be expected, this analysis becomes an iterative process. The induced strain is calculated based on a prestress level of zero. This strain is then used to calculate the amount of stress in the CFRP laminate which becomes the prestress value, and the process is repeated until convergence is reached. Unidirectional CFRP laminates are used in this analysis. The experimental approach involved testing a collection of composite beams imbedded with MSP using a scanner that surrounded the beams. The scanner was composed of an excitation coil and a sensing coil. A detailed schematic of the scanner is included in the paper showing the slide along which the scanner apparatus moved, and the sensing coil surrounded by the excitation coil. The samples used in this analysis were constructed from unidirectional prepreg carbon fiber with varying internal delaminations, ply orientations, and number of plies. A program was constructed that allowed the user to control the signal being output to the excitation coil as well as record data from the sensing coil. The results presented in this paper are not final and will be used to create a foundation for continuation of this research.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Electronic Properties of The Conductive Polymers [Si(Pc)O]xy)N With Different Doping Agents

Abstract Electrically conductive polymers have been prepared from the cofacially joined metallophthalocyanine polymer [Si(Pc)o]na Optical and electrical properties are investigated as a function of the type and degree of the incremental doping added to form the {[Si(Pc)o] Xy }n systems. The dopants are: X = BF4 PF6, SbF6 and I. In spite of the variation in structural and electronic characteristics of the doping agents, there is a considerable similarity in the behavior of the electronic transport.
Automatic generation of CMOS continuous-time elliptic filters

A procedure for the generation of CMOS, continuous-time, high-frequency g m -C filters with finite tranmission zeros is presented. A third-order elliptic filter with 0.5 dB equiripple passband, 15 MHz cutoff frequency and -23 dB attenuation in the stopband is given as an example. The automatic generation method can be generalised to arbitrary high-order prototypes and higher-frequency filters derived from LC ladders
In situ neutron diffraction and polycrystal plasticity modeling of a Mg–Y–Nd–Zr alloy: Effects of precipitation on individual deformation mechanisms

Abstract In situ neutron diffraction compression tests were performed on Mg–Y–Nd–Zr alloy WE43, in the solution heat-treated, peak- and over-aged conditions. The flow curves and internal strain evolutions were modeled using polycrystal plasticity simulation, with the inclusion of an elastic phase to account for the presence of precipitates. The results reveal that prismatic plate-shaped precipitates strongly impede basal slip; the critical resolved shear strength (CRSS) of basal slip increases from 12 to 37 MPa, an increase of over 200%. However, hard deformation modes such as non-basal slip of 〈a〉 dislocations are required for macroscopic yielding. These hard modes are not as strongly affected by aging, with CRSS values which increase from 78 to 92 MPa, an increase of only 18%. The results of the study are consistent with recent modeling of the relative Orowan strengthening of individual deformation modes and the superposition of various strengthening effects (solid solution and precipitation). This finding helps to explain why the age-hardening response of Mg–Y–Nd–Zr alloys is not exceptional. It is concluded that future precipitation-strengthened alloy and process design strategies should focus on promoting high number densities of particles. The effect of aging upon twinning is surprising. The most age-hardened material exhibits more twinning than the solutionized material. To model this behavior using polycrystal plasticity, the critical stress to activate twinning (especially the strain hardening thereof) must be decreased.
Role of lipoprotein lipase in regulating endogenous triacylglycerols in rat heart.

Abstract Administration of glucagon (10 μg/rat) to the intact animal increased the levels of lipoprotein lipase activity by 92% in the heparin-non-releasable fraction of the heart. At the same time, cardiac levels of triacylglycerols were reduced 47% and free fatty acids were increased about 2-fold. In contrast, the administration of a lower dose of glucagon (0.5 μg/rat) resulted in an 80% reduction in lipoprotein lipase activity in the heparin perfused myocardium. At the same time, triacylglycerols were increased 44% and free fatty acids were decreased 69%. These results provide circumstantial evidence that lipoprotein lipase is involved in the regulation of endogenous triacylglycerols such that higher levels of enzyme activity result in cardiac lipolysis and, conversely, lower levels result in triacylglycerol production.
Estimation of a macroeconomic model with rational expectations and capital controls for developing countries

Abstract In many developing countries, financial repression and capital controls have implied that the only domestic market-determined interests rates have been those in informal markets. The absence of data on such interest rates complicates the estimation of key macroeconomic interest-rate elasticities. This paper describes an econometric technique for extracting ‘representative’ values of such elasticities from developing-country panel data under such constraints and with the maintained assumption that agents form expectations rationally. Our results confirm the empirical relevance in developing countries of the standard intertemporal and intratemporal substitution assumptions underlying policy prescriptions to ‘get prices right’.
Breed-type effects on fertility traits of young bulls☆☆☆

Measures of fertility in young beef bulls (N=76) representative of divergent breeds and F1 crosses were evaluated. Breed-types were straightbred Hereford and Red Poll, Hereford × Red Poll reciprocal crosses, Angus × Hereford, Angus × Charolais, Brahman × Hereford and Brahman × Angus. There was evidence of significant breed-type variation in scrotal circumference and total testicle weight, although differences were less pronounced when animal weight was taken into account. Scrotal circumference in Brahman × Hereford bulls was less (P<.05) than straightbred Hereford, Red Poll × Hereford and Angus × Hereford crosses at 8 months of age. However, at 13 months there was no difference in scrotal circumference measurements of Brahman × Hereford, Red Poll × Hereford and Angus × Hereford crosses, and all three crosses exceeded (P<.05) straightbred Herefords. Breed-type differences in semen score and presence of normal, mature sperm in the seminiferous tubules at 13 months of age approached significance at the .10 probability level. Heterosis effects on bull fertility characteristics were insignificant when body weight was included as a covariate in the analyses.
Female sex hormones regulate macrophage function after trauma-hemorrhage and prevent increased death rate from subsequent sepsis

ObjectiveTo determine whether reduction of circulating female sex hormones by ovariectomy causes suppression of macrophage (Mφ) function after trauma-hemorrhage and increases susceptibility to subsequent sepsis.Summary Background DataStudies indicate that immune functions are markedly depressed in m
Detection of a tetrahedral intermediate in the trypsin-catalysed hydrolysis of specific ring-activated anilides

Abstract The subtituent dependence for kcat/Km of trypsin anilide hydrolysis is consistent with a rate-limiting general acid-base catalysed breakdown of a tetrahedral intermediate. The formation and disappearance of this intermediate during the hydrolysis of α-N- acetyl- l -lysine p- nitroanilide is observed in stopped-flow experiments
Characteristics of an Unexploited Smallmouth Bass Population in a Missouri Ozark Stream

Abstract An unexploited population of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui in a headwater stream in the Ozark Mountains of Missouri consisted of relatively slow-growing fish at a high density (138 fish at least 150 mm long per hectare). The population size structure had a considerable percentage of large fish (proportional stock density = 41; 100 [number of fish ≥280 mm long/ number of fish ≥180 mm long]) and condition was average (W r = 83; 100 × weight of individual fish/mean weight at length) for smallmouth bass in an Ozark stream. Total annual mortality for fish of ages 3–7 was only 16%. Estimates of biomass (28.9 kg/hectare) and annual production (11.7 kg/hectare) for fish at least 150 mm long were greater than those reported for 10 similar streams. The data suggested that a good-quality, although perhaps speciality, fishery could be maintained with highly restrictive harvest regulations in a headwater Ozark stream.
Effects of Geometric Optimization of Plug-Supported End-Caps on the Performance of Thick Thermoplastic Composite Pressure Vessels Under External Hydrostatic Pressure

A finite element model was developed to investigate the response of a thick composite pressure vessel under hydrostatic pressure for deep ocean applications. To verify the finite element model, layer-by-layer stress and strain responses at the mid-length of a composite pressure vessel, i.e., free from the end-cap effects, were obtained and compared with an existing analytical solution. Excellent agreement was obtained between the numerical and analytical solutions. The created model was employed to investigate the performance of an APC-2/AS4 thermoplastic composite pressure vessel using plug-supported end-caps with contoured-ends and initial radial clearances. The plug-supported end-caps with contoured-ends and initial radial clearances were modeled as radial simply supported boundary conditions at the ends of the composite cylinder. The pressure vessel has a thickness of 4.3 cm, an inner diameter of 33 cm, an internal effective length of 45.7 cm, and a symmetric sub-laminate configuration of [(90/90/0)s]...
Budgets for integrating decentralized investment and production planning

Abstract Planning for an economic enterprise can be dichotomized into short-run production planning and longer-run investment planning. Usually these problems are treated as if they were separate, if not independent. This paper briefly reviews the separate approaches to optimal production decision making and investment planning, ‘fusing’ these models in order to consider the two issues simultaneously. The resulting ‘fused’ model is used to illustrate several difficulties which result from an intuitive synthesis of the independent solutions of the production problem and the investment problem. An integrated model is presented representing a centralized simultaneous solution for decision variables from the two functional fields. The paper compares and contrasts the synthesis of separate functional models to the decomposition of a simultaneous model of those functional areas. A result of this comparison is a theoretical justification for operating budgets and revenue targets as organizational mechanisms for achieving coordinated plans among decentralized planning units. Further, the set of conditions are identified under which the two approaches to simultaneous decision making are equivalent.
Endotracheal nitinol stents: lessons from the learning curve.

ObjectiveTo reflect on lessons learned placing endotracheal nitinol stents in children.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care children’s hospital.Subjects and MethodsAll children who underwent nitinol cervical tracheal stenting were included. Records were carefully reviewed for intraoperative and postoperative complications, management choices, outcomes, and factors that influenced results.ResultsBetween 1999 and 2011, 7 children underwent 13 stent placements. Median follow-up was 5 years (range, 1-12 years). Six patients underwent stenting as a salvage procedure following open attempts at airway reconstruction. Four patients remain decannulated with their stent in place (median follow-up 7 years). The fifth patient had his stent removed endoscopically after 50 days because it became apparent that his obstruction was primarily laryngeal. The sixth child had his stent removed via a tracheal fissure after 14 months because of recalcitrant subglottic inflammation at the superior stent...
Effect of Ankle Orthoses on Functional Performance for Individuals With Recurrent Lateral Ankle Sprains

Ankle orthoses are commonly used for protection against initial ankle sprain injuries and for protection against reinjury. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the DonJoy Ankle Ligament Protector (ALP) and the Aircast Sport-Stirrup (AS) on the functional performance tasks of a 40-meter sprint, a figure-of-eight run, and standing vertical jump. Subjects were 14 males and nine females who reported a history of two or more lateral ankle sprains of the same ankle and no sprains of the contralateral ankle. Each subject performed all functional tasks on the first test day with both ankles unbraced and with the recurrently sprained ankle braced with one of the two orthoses. Each subject returned for testing on a second day and performed all tasks with both ankles unbraced and with the other orthosis on the recurrently sprained ankle. Subjects also rated the orthoses for comfort and support. Analysis of variance indicated that braced data were not significantly different than unbraced data and that data for the two orthoses did not differ significantly for any of the functional performance tasks. Seventy-four percent of the subjects reported the AS was more comfortable than the ALP, and 61% of the subjects indicated that the AS provided more support than the ALP. Neither orthosis had an effect on functional performance. The results may assist clinicians in selecting either of these orthoses for use in protection against ankle sprain injury.
Mean-Field Theory for Diffusion-Limited Cluster Formation

A mean-field theory for the diffusion-controlled cluster formation is presented by considering the competition among the different portions of a growing cluster for the incoming diffusive particles. This competition is shown to introduce a screening length which depends inversely on the density of the cluster. The Hausdorff dimensionality $D$ of these clusters is shown to be $\frac{({d}^{2}+1)}{(d+1)}$ where $d$ is the Euclidean dimensionality. This result is in excellent agreement with that of the computer simulations of Witten and Sander and of Meakin.
Mutagenic spectrum resulting from DNA damage by oxygen radicals

Oxygen free radicals are highly reactive species that damage DNA and cause mutations. We determined the mutagenic spectrum of oxygen free radicals produced by the aerobic incubation of single-stranded M13mp2 DNA with Fe2+. The Fe2(+)-treated DNA was transfected into component Escherichia coli, and mutants within the nonessential lac Z alpha gene for beta-galactosidase were identified by decreased alpha-complementation. The frequency of mutants obtained with 10 microM Fe2+ was 20- to 80-fold greater than that obtained with untreated DNA. Mutagenesis was greater after the host cells were exposed to UV irradiation to induce the SOS "error-prone" response. The ability of catalase, mannitol, and superoxide dismutase to diminish mutagenesis indicates the involvement of oxygen free radicals. The sequence data on 94 of the mutants establish that mutagenesis results primarily from an increase in single-base substitutions. Ninety-four percent of the mutants with detectable changes in nucleotide sequence were single-base substitutions, the most frequent being G----C transversions, followed by C----T transitions and G----T transversions. The clustering of mutations at distinct gene positions suggests that Fe2+/oxygen damage to DNA is nonrandom. This mutational spectrum provides evidence that a multiplicity of DNA lesions produced by oxygen free radicals in vitro are promutagenic and could be a source of spontaneous mutations.
Why information alone is not enough: behavioral economics and the future of genomic medicine.

In this issue, Weinberg and colleagues conclude that colorectal cancer screening uptake in average-risk persons was not positively associated with feedback from a single personalized GERA. The edit...
The Effect of Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Patients with Low-Titer, Nonspecific Cold Agglutinins

The effect of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was studied in 5 patients with strongly positive cold agglutination at 4 degrees C (experimental group) and in 10 controls. In the in vitro part of the study, the characteristics of the cold agglutinin antibodies in the experimental group included a low thermal amplitude (28 degrees C or less), a low 4 degrees C agglutination titer (1:32 or less), and nonspecificity (non-anti-I and non-anti-i). The in vivo portion of the study revealed a fall in total urine and serum free hemoglobin in both groups on going on bypass, followed by a rise for the remainder of bypass. Statistical comparison between observed and expected total free hemoglobin for both groups showed a significant rise (p less than 0.05) after bypass, thereby indicating ongoing hemolysis. No statistically significant difference between preoperative and post-operative blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and gross neurological status was observed in the experimental group. It was concluded that the patient with nonspecific cold agglutinins whose antibody is characterized by a low titer, a low thermal amplitude, and a lack of clinical symptomatology can undergo hypothermic CPB without increased threat of a hemolytic or vascular occlusive crisis.