cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulations of concentrated suspensions of monodisperse particles in a Poiseuille flow

The dynamics of concentrated suspensions of non-colloidal, monodisperse particles in plane Poiseuille flows are investigated by fully three-dimensional numerical simulations for bulk volume fractions of 0.20–0.40 of neutrally-buoyant particles. The ensemble averages of the volume fraction and particle velocity profiles are consistent with previous experiments. A statistical analysis indicates that there is an intermediate region between particle layers near the wall and a plug region in the core, in which the behaviour of ensemble-averaged suspension field can be approximated by a continuum theory. In the intermediate region, the wall-normal and spanwise velocity fluctuations, angular velocity in the vorticity direction and particle shear stress are found to be linear functions of the distance from the wall. The particle normal stresses in the intermediate region are almost uniform, consistent with the concept of normal-stress-driven particle migration. The intermediate region decreases in extent and the width of the core region increases for larger bulk volume fractions. There is a remarkable similarity between the particle–phase pressure profiles scaled by the local shear rate for different bulk volume fractions. The particle pressure profiles in the intermediate region are compared with the rheological model proposed by Morris & Boulay (1999). The effective viscosity, evaluated from the ratio of the total shear stress to the fluid-phase shear stress, shows a good agreement with empirical viscosity relations in Couette-flow suspensions. In the present study, both non-local dynamics and finite-size effects of the particles are evident in the core of the channel. These effects are more pronounced at larger volume fractions.
Inflammation in Retinal Vein Occlusion

Retinal vein occlusion is a common, vision-threatening vascular disorder. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and clinical consequences of retinal vein occlusion is a topic of growing interest. It has long been recognized that systemic inflammatory disorders, such as autoimmune disease, are a significant risk factor for this condition. A number of more recent laboratory and clinical studies have begun to elucidate the role inflammation may play in the molecular pathways responsible for the vision-impairing consequences of retinal vein occlusion, such as macular edema. This improved understanding of the role of inflammation in retinal vein occlusion has allowed the development of new treatments for the disorder, with additional therapeutic targets and strategies to be identified as our understanding of the topic increases.
Meeting the dietary reference intakes for fiber: sociodemographic characteristics of preschoolers with high fiber intakes.

To better understand the public health impact of the National Academy of Sciences’ Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for fiber in preschoolers, I analyzed data from the United States Department of Agriculture Continuing Survey of Food Intake in Individuals for 5437 preschoolers and examined sociodemographic predictors of meeting the DRIs. Overall, only 12% of the children met the DRIs. Older children (age 4 and 5 years) were less likely than younger children, girls were less likely than boys, and children from mediumincome families (those earning 186% to 350% of the poverty guidelines, with poverty set at 100%) were least likely to meet the DRIs. Low-income children participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children were twice as likely as nonparticipants to meet the DRIs. The public should be educated about the importance of increasing fiber density in the diet. (Am J Public Health. 2006; 96:1538‐1541. doi:10.2105/ AJPH.2005.068700) The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for energy, macronutrients, and fiber from the National Academy of Sciences suggest that Americans aged 2 years and older should consume 14 g of total fiber per 4200 kJ of total energy intake. 1 At this level, fiber seems to protect against constipation and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, some cancers, obesity, and diabetes. 2‐6 The DRIs are based on total fiber intake, which includes dietary and functional fiber. A more detailed explanation of the distinction between the 2 kinds of fiber can be found elsewhere. 7,8 In short, dietary fibers are naturally occurring nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin, and functional fibers are components of foods that can be isolated or extracted with
ROBUST CONCEPT EXPLORATION IN ENGINEERING DESIGN: METAMODELING TECHNIQUES AND GOAL FORMULATIONS

In this paper we discuss the performance of different metamodeling techniques in Type II robust design. Five spacefilling experimental designs and five correlation functions are compared in their capability for developing accurate kriging models. We observe that in our case study (a vehicle body), the orthogonal array is the best experimental design and the cubic correlation function is the best correlation function. Then the kriging models and response surface models for system response are determined and the solution obtained using compromise Decision Support Problem. We note that: 1) the goal formulation method of minimizing variance at the center point may be inappropriate in some situation, and 2) more robust solutions can be obtained with kriging models than with response surface models.
Orthopaedic Management of Spasticity

Spasticity is a common manifestation of many neurological conditions including multiple sclerosis, stroke, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injuries. Management of spasticity seeks to reduce its burden on patients and to limit secondary complications. Non-operative interventions including stretching/splinting, postural management, physical therapy/strengthening, anti-spasticity medications, and botulinum toxin injections may help patients with spasticity. Surgical management of these conditions, however, is often necessary to improve quality of life and prevent complications. Orthopaedic surgeons manage numerous sequelae of spasticity, including joint contractures, hip dislocations, scoliosis, and deformed extremities. When combined with the efforts of rehabilitation specialists, neurologists, and physical/occupational therapists, the orthopaedic management of spasticity can help patients maintain and regain function and independence as well as reduce the risk of long-tem complications.
Optimal Operation of Multiple Resevoir System

A facility stage discrete differential dynamic programming approach is presented for determining the optimal operating policy for a multiple purpose multiple reservoir system. The stages in the dynamic programming formulation are defined to represent reservoirs and state variables are defined to represent the amounts of release from reservoirs. Discrete differential dynamic programming, which is an iterative technique, is used to solve the dynamic programming problem to determine the optimal operating policy. The optimal operating policy is the policy which provides the maximum returns for the system. The approach is applied to an example problem which has been solved by gradient projection and conjugate gradient techniques.
Sub-Orbital Tethered Balloon Launch System

Space tethers will allow payloads to attain orbit using less propellant by reducing their required ∆V significantly. Further reductions in ∆V can be made by incorporating a ground launch system. This paper will detail a non-rocket launch system that will help bridge the gap between orbital tether rendezvous speeds and ground pickups. The system, in conjunction with a space tether and a rocket ∆V, will deliver payloads into orbit from the ground. This system consists of the following: a payload launch station held at a constant altitude of approximately 20 km, two large zero-pressure balloons, conductive ground tethers, and two rotating tethers connected to the center of the launch station. The use of a spinning endo-atmospheric tether, which utilizes current materials, could reduce required rendezvous speeds from 4 to 5 km/s down to 2 to 3 km/s. This paper details a ground launch system which can impart a 1.5 km/s ∆V to a launch vehicle with a mass of 60 Mg. Due to the exponential nature of the rocket equation, a small ∆V reduction would result in large savings in fuel and launch vehicle size. The main application of this launch system would be to provide single-stage-to-tether launch capabilities. Additionally, it could also reduce fuel requirements for single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicles, and could provide a means for delivering cargo and goods globally at hypersonic speeds.
Antagonistic action of liver amino acids and 2,4-dinitrophenol on growth of Escherichia coli.

Summary1) Liver hydrolyzates counteract the inhibitory action of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) on both mammalian cells and bacteria. Of the several fractions responsible for activity of liver extracts, one is composed of amino acids. 2) Growth-stimulating and anti-DNP activity of this fraction has been tested on Escherichia coli strain B, and its composition established by chromatographic analysis. No one of the single components has activity, but a mixture of amino acids stimulates growth-rate of E. coli strain B in synthetic medium and counteracts inhibition by high concentrations of DNP. 3) A mixture of commercial amino acids has been prepared, having similar composition and activity to liver-amino preparation.
Shock absorption during transtibial amputee gait: Does longitudinal prosthetic stiffness play a role?

Background:Reduced-stiffness components are often prescribed in lower-limb prostheses, but their efficacy in augmenting shock absorption has been inconclusive.Objectives:To perform a systematic var...
A Study on Quality Control of Content Analysis on Carminum in Beverage with High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Objective:To study the feasibility of adoptting quality bias control procedures and precision used in water quality analysis to quality control test of beverage samples.Methods: Samples were treated with methods corresponding to GB/T5009.35-2003,and carminum contents in standard solution,quality control samples,and standard quality control samples were tested with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) UV detecter.Results: The detection line was 30ng.F value of inter-and intra-batch variation analysis of the three types of samples was bigger than F0.05.The total sample standard deviation(St) was l0.95 which was smaller than each individural concentration by 5%(W).The accuracy rating confidence limit R/d was 0.95,and the proficiency of testing samples was that Z=-0.62.The result was satisfied.Conclusions: The analysis quality control of carminum in beverage with HPLC is practicable and the erro in results is in acceptable range.
Situation and Countermeasures of Industrialization Development of High Quality Rice at Ninghua County

The situation and problem of high quality rice production at Ninghua county were analyzed,and then the developmental countermeasures for enhancing high quality rice industrialization were propo sed including creating a famous brand,giving some incentive measures for leading entrepreneurs,promoting standardized production without pollution,and popularizing agricultural technology.
Reoperations for myocardial revascularization.

Reoperations solely for myocardial revascularization were performed in 219 consecutive patients (1967 to 1975). Indications were (1) graft failure, 46 (21 per cent); (2) progressive atherosclerosis, 42 (19 per cent); (3) incomplete revascularization, 39 (18 per cent); and (4) combinations, 92 (42 per cent). Primary operations included bypass grafts in 100 patients; mammary artery implants, 87; and combinations of direct and indirect procedures, 32. Reoperations performed were single bypass, 141 patients; double, 61; and triple or other coronary artery operations, 17. Eight patients died within 30 days of operation (3.7 per cent). Major postoperative complications included hepatitis, 24 (11 per cent); myocardial infarction, 19 (9 per cent); bleeding, 21 (10 per cent); and respiratory insufficiency, 12 (5 per cent). Follow-up for 202 long-term survivors was complete (mean 29 months). In patients who originally underwent direct revascularization, Class I or II (N.Y.H.A.) was attained in 35 of 43 (81 per cent) of those reoperated upon for primary graft failure, in 14 of 15 (93 per cent) of those with progressive atherosclerosis, and in 27 of 33 (82 per cent) of patients with combined indications. Arteriography was performed after the reoperation in 55 patients (mean interval 17 months), and 65 of 77 (84 per cent) grafts were patent. Nineteen of 22 grafts performed for primary graft failure were patent. We have made the following conclusions: (1) Reoperation for direct myocardial revascularization can be accomplished with low mortality rates although morbidity is high; (2) complete relief of symptoms was achieved in 65 per cent of survivors; (3) results in patients reoperated upon for graft failure alone were similar to results in those operated upon for progressive atherosclerosis or combined indications; and (4) high graft patency was found in secondary grafts constructed to arteries involved with primary graft failure.
Sample Collection, Storage, and Characterization

This chapter covers the important topics of sample collection and preservation. Before a DNA test can be performed on a sample, it must be collected, and the DNA isolated and put in the proper format for further characterization. The chapter explains the methodology used for sample collection. Samples for collection should be carefully chosen to prevent needless redundancy in the evidence for a case. One of the most common methods for optimally collecting cellular material is the double swab technique where a moist swab is followed by a dry one. Carelessness or ignorance of proper handling procedures during storage and transport of DNA from the crime scene to the laboratory can result in a specimen unfit for analysis. Most biological evidence is best preserved when stored dry and cold. These conditions reduce the rate of bacterial growth and degradation of DNA. Samples should be packaged carefully and hand carried or shipped using overnight delivery to the forensic laboratory conducting the DNA testing. Some laboratories supply cardboard evidence collection boxes to crime scene investigators to enable simple shipping and handling of bloodstains and other crime scene evidence. When crime scene evidence is first received into a laboratory, it is usually evaluated to see if any biological material is present. Some laboratories perform both preliminary tests and confirmatory tests prior to sending a cutting or swab for DNA testing in an effort to develop a DNA profile. A presumptive test, which really serves as a preliminary evaluation or examination, may be followed by a confirmatory test to verify the results of the first test.
Between Fear and Ambition

The policies put forward by the post-Khomeini leadership have been continuously subject to political cross-pressures. The regime’s vacillation in implementing economic reform measures and the contradictory strands of its foreign policy are the net effect of competing demands and formidable resistance mounted at the state as well as societal levels. The impetus for the Leadership Coalition to press ahead with economic reform and adopt a ‘new’ foreign policy has been supplied by the urgent need to act, given the dangerous convergence of the after-effects of a decade of upheaval and mounting adverse demographic trends. Yet, the capacity of the regime to drive policy has been constrained by the multiple political challenges and obstacles arrayed against it.
Record fifth-harmonic-generation efficiency producing 211-nm pulses using cesium lithium borate

The fifth harmonic of a pulsed Nd:YLF laser has been realized in a cascade of nonlinear crystals with a record efficiency of 25%. An output energy of 250 mJ was demonstrated.
Assessing corneal viscoelasticity after crosslinking at different IOP by noncontact OCE and a modified Lamb wave model

UV-A/riboflavin collagen cross-linking (UV-CXL) is a clinical treatment for keratoconus that stiffens mechanically degraded corneal tissue. On the other hand, the intraocular pressure (IOP) can also affect the measured cornea elasticity. However, the combined effects of CXL at different IOPs on the corneal biomechanical properties are not well understood. In this work, the feasibility of assessing the viscoelasticity of the porcine cornea before and after CXL at various IOPs was investigated by using a noncontact method of optical coherence elastography (OCE) and a modified Lamb wave model. The modified wave model was first verified by comparison with finite element modeling, and then utilized to quantify the viscoelasticity of porcine corneas in the whole eye-globe configuration before and after CXL treatment at various IOPs. The results show that the elasticity of the cornea increased after CXL and that corneal stiffness was linear as a function of IOP. At IOPs of 15, 20, 25, and 30 mmHg, the relative increase in Young’s modulus after CXL was ~109%, ~86%, ~64%, and ~79%, respectively, while the shear viscosity decreased by ~86%, ~84%, ~83%, and ~81%. The modified Lamb wave model and OCE show promise for quantifying corneal viscoelasticity, which could provide a basis for customized CXL therapies and accurate disease detection.
Generalized lower bounds for the absolute values of the coefficients of chromatic polynomials

PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS AND DEFINITIONS A graph G is defined as a non-empty set of objects, N, called nodes or points and a set E called edges or lines, consisting of unordered pairs of distinct elements in N. It is assumed that G has no multiple edges. Let IN I ~ n and IEI = e be the cardinalities of these sets. Geometrically, one thinks of the graph, G, as a set of points ~ith zero or more lines Joining some pairs of points.
Acute Presentation of Mesectodermal Leiomyoma of the Ciliary Body.

Purpose: We report a case of acutely presenting mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body in a 29-year-old female who reported waking up with swollen eyelids of the right eye and light-perception vision. The affected eye had elevated intraocular pressure, a flat anterior chamber, and a pale, round mass arising from the nasal ciliary body, invading the angle and protruding into the visual axis posterior to the lens. Within days, the visual acuity decreased to no light perception. The eye was enucleated. Methods: The enucleated eye harbored a tumor arising from the ciliary body, measuring 18 mm in the greatest dimension. Spindled cells with fibrillary cytoplasmic processes suggested a neural origin though negative for S-100, Melan-A, and HMB-45. The cells stained strongly positive for smooth muscle actin and vimentin, leading to the diagnosis of mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body. Results: We review the literature to expand upon the clinical findings, diagnostic methods, and histopathologic and immunohistochemistry characteristics of mesectodermal leiomyoma. Conclusion: Leiomyoma must be in the differential diagnosis for ciliary body mass, especially in women of reproductive age. Diagnosis relies on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The mechanism of acute symptom onset may be multifactorial. This case emphasizes the possibility of acute presentation of a rare, benign intraocular tumor.
K-Euler’s inequality in Aleksandrov’s CAT(K) space

We establish the K-Euler’s inequality and the extremal theorem for equality in the K-Euler’s inequality in Aleksandrov’s $${\text {CAT}}\left( K\right) $$ space for non-zero K.
Community Detection in Evolving Networks

Community detection is a well-studied problem in social networks. However most of the research so far has been on static networks. In this paper, we address the problem of community detection in evolving social networks. As social networks evolve, the community structure of the network can change. How can the community structure be updated in an efficient way? How often should community structure be updated? We give two methods based on the Louvain algorithm, to determine when to update the community structure. The first method, called the Edge-Distribution-Analysis algorithm, analyzes the newly added edges in order to make this decision. The second method, called the Modularity-Change-Rate algorithm, finds the rate of modularity change in a given network, and uses it to predict whether or not an update is required. Due to the sparsity of real datasets of evolving networks, we propose three models to generate evolving networks: a Random model, a model based on the well-known phenomenon of homophily in social networks, and another based on the phenomenon of triadic and cyclic closure. Starting with real-world data sets, we used these models to generate evolving networks. We evaluated the Edge-Distribution-Analysis algorithm and Modularity-Change-Rate algorithm on these data sets. Our results show that both our methods predict quite well when the community structure should be updated. They result in significant computational savings compared to approaches that would update the community structure after a fixed number of edge additions, while ensuring that the quality of the community structure is comparable.
The RNA-binding Protein MEX3B Mediates Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy by Downregulating HLA-A Expression

Purpose: Cancer immunotherapy has shown promising clinical outcomes in many patients. However, some patients still fail to respond, and new strategies are needed to overcome resistance. The purpose of this study was to identify novel genes and understand the mechanisms that confer resistance to cancer immunotherapy.Experimental Design: To identify genes mediating resistance to T-cell killing, we performed an open reading frame (ORF) screen of a kinome library to study whether overexpression of a gene in patient-derived melanoma cells could inhibit their susceptibility to killing by autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).Results: The RNA-binding protein MEX3B was identified as a top candidate that decreased the susceptibility of melanoma cells to killing by TILs. Further analyses of anti-PD-1-treated melanoma patient tumor samples suggested that higher MEX3B expression is associated with resistance to PD-1 blockade. In addition, significantly decreased levels of IFNγ were secreted from TILs incubated with MEX3B-overexpressing tumor cells. Interestingly, this phenotype was rescued upon overexpression of exogenous HLA-A2. Consistent with this, we observed decreased HLA-A expression in MEX3B-overexpressing tumor cells. Finally, luciferase reporter assays and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assays suggest that this is due to MEX3B binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of HLA-A to destabilize the mRNA.Conclusions: MEX3B mediates resistance to cancer immunotherapy by binding to the 3' UTR of HLA-A to destabilize the HLA-A mRNA and thus downregulate HLA-A expression on the surface of tumor cells, thereby making the tumor cells unable to be recognized and killed by T cells. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3366-76. ©2018 AACRSee related commentary by Kalbasi and Ribas, p. 3239.
CNS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) describes a syndrome of aberrant reconstituted immunity, often in association with HIV infection, beginning with a normalization of CD4+ T-cell counts resulting in a dysregulated immune response against an infecting opportunistic pathogen and the host. In this chapter, we discuss the unique nature of IRIS when present in the central nervous system (CNS IRIS) and the changes experienced with each host pathogen and its unique influence on the immune system. Consensus on the mechanism of action of the immune system in IRIS pathology is less clear and multiple theories have been proposed. Here we explore the early history of the term IRIS, proposed mechanisms and animal models, as well as common CNS pathogens associated with IRIS, and management strategies.
The effect of cellphones on attention and learning: The influences of time, distraction, and nomophobia

Abstract Excessive cellphone use impacts attention and learning in classrooms. Given that attention declines over time, we investigated when during lecture cellphones might impair learning. Across two experiments, participants watched a 20-min lecture under different cellphone conditions (keep or remove). Groups who kept their cellphones received distracting text messages during the lecture. Participants were quizzed on the lecture. Quiz questions were divided into four segments depending on when the material was presented. Lastly, participants' nomophobia—the fear of being without access to one's cellphone—was assessed. Participants who kept their cellphone performed worse on the quiz for material presented in the 3rd quarter of the lecture than those without cellphones. Distracted participants performed worse on the test for the same material than those who were not distracted. Participants higher in nomophobia, especially on subscales having to do with losing connectedness and giving up convenience, performed worse on the quiz for material that occurred in the 3rd quarter of the lecture. Findings indicate that having cellphones in a short lecture has its largest impact on attention and learning 10–15 min into the lecture. This study provides novel insights into the interactions between technology and learning to help educators and students optimize learning.
Reduction of pain following hysterosalpingogram by prior analgesic administration

Les douleurs engendrees par la realisation d'une hysterosalpingographie sont frequentes mais durent peu. Cette etude montre que l'administration orale, 2 heures avant l'examen, de Fenoprofene reduit significativement les douleurs immediates dans les 5 minutes qui suivent l'injection du produit de contraste. Cet effet sedatif est superieur a celui obtenu avec un placebo ou avec l'etude salycilique
Clearance of Serum Albumin From Brain Extracellular Fluid: A Possible Role in Cerebral Edema

The movement of 131I-human serum albumin (HSA), 125I-iodide, and 57Codiethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Co-DTPA) from the ventriculocisternal perfusate into the caudate nucleus of the normal rhesus monkey was studied. An analysis of the periventricular tissue concentration profile of each isotope was made. HSA and/or an isotopically labeled degradative product was rapidly cleared from the brain; an extracellular fluid (ECF)-capillary efflux half-time of 33 min was calculated. Iodide did not appreciably cross the capillary endothelium and continued to move further into the brain with increasing perfusion time. An apparent diffusion constant of iodide in caudate nucleus could be determined; a value of 6.7 × 10−6 cm2/s was obtained. Co-DTPA served as a reference extracellular marker compound. The implications of these observations are discussed with respect to osmotically generated extracellular edema formation in the brain.
Synapsis, Double-Strand Breaks, and Domains of Crossover Control in Drosophila Females

Drosophila is an attractive model system in which powerful tools in genetics and cytology can be used to identify and characterize the genes required for meiotic recombination. This article reviews recent developments in understanding how pairing and synapsis proceed in the absence of double-strand breaks (DSBs), the relationship of DSB formation to synapsis, how crossovers are determined and formed, and the role that chromosome structure, including specialized sites, plays in regulating DSB formation and repair.
Digital Media Recruitment for Fall Prevention Among Older Chinese-American Individuals: Observational, Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Research in fall prevention programs has increased in recent years in response to the aging demographics of the United States. To date, limited research and outreach programs have focused on ethnic minorities due to increased cost, language barriers, and cultural differences. Digital media platforms may be a cost-effective avenue to initiate fall prevention programs for minority populations. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether Facebook advertisements are a practical recruitment method for health education to the Chinese-speaking population. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study. We uploaded a video on fall education on YouTube and initiated an advertisement campaign on Facebook that was linked to the video. The target population was older adults aged >45 years who used Facebook and were presented with the advertisement (N=1039). We recorded metrics such as the number of unique individuals reached, the number of views of the advertisement, the number of clicks, user gender and age, and traffic sources to the advertisement. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Our Facebook advertisement had 1087 views (1039 unique viewers). There were 121 link clicks with a click-through rate of 11.13% (121/1087). The cost per link click was approximately US $0.06. Among the viewers, 91.41% (936/1024) were females and 8.59% (88/1024) were males. In the 45-54 age group, the ad reached 50 people, with 1 link click (2.00%). In the 55-64 age group, the ad reached 572 people, with 57 link clicks (9.97%). In the ≥65 age group, the ad reached 417 people, with 63 link clicks (15.11%). Conclusions: Facebook was able to directly target the advertisement to the desired older ethnic population at a low cost. Engagement was highest among females and among those aged ≥65 years. Hence, our results suggest that Facebook can serve as an alternative platform for dissemination of health information to geriatric patients in addition to print-based and face-to-face communication.
Diagnostic Utility of Complement Serology for Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.

Abstract Objective To investigate the clinical utility of a 9-analyte complement serology panel (COMS) covering complement function (CH50 and AH50), components (C3, C4), factor B (CFB), factor H, and activation markers (C4d, Bb, and soluble membrane attack complex) for the diagnosis of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). Methods Physician orders for COMS from January 19, 2015, through November 4, 2016, were reviewed. Demographic characteristics, patient diagnosis, and laboratory parameters were recorded. Results There were 177 COMS orders for 147 patients. The median patient age was 44.9 years (range, 0.9-88.0 years). Common reasons for ordering COMS included monitoring and diagnosis of C3 glomerulopathy and renal dysfunction and differentiation of aHUS from other thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs). Forty-four patients had COMS ordered for TMAs: 8 had aHUS and all had 1 or more abnormalities within the alternative pathway of complement. Although the sensitivity of this finding for the diagnosis of aHUS is 100%, the specificity is only 28%, with a positive likelihood ratio of 1.39. Patients with aHUS had lower CH50, C3, and CFB than did those with secondary non-aHUS TMA (all P Conclusion A COMS abnormality should not be interpreted in isolation. In conjunction with clinical presentation, a decrease in both CFB and CH50 may be an important clue to support the diagnosis of aHUS.
Connecting quasinormal modes and heat kernels in 1-loop quantum gravity

We connect two different approaches for calculating functional determinants on quotients of hyperbolic spacetime: the heat kernel method and the quasinormal mode method. For the example of a rotating BTZ background, we show how the image sum in the heat kernel method builds up the logarithms in the quasinormal mode method, while the thermal sum in the quasinormal mode method builds up the integrand of the heat kernel. More formally, we demonstrate how the heat kernel and quasinormal mode methods are linked via the Selberg zeta function. We show that a 1-loop partition function computed using the heat kernel method may be cast as a Selberg zeta function whose zeros encode quasinormal modes. We discuss how our work may be used to predict quasinormal modes on more complicated spacetimes.
How Much as Compared to What: Relative Magnitude as a Key Idea in Mathematics Cognition

Most topics beyond basic arithmetic require relative magnitude reasoning. This chapter describes the link between relative magnitude reasoning and spatial scaling, a specific type of spatial thinking. We discuss use of the number line, proportional reasoning, and fractions. Consideration of the relational reasoning involved in mathematics can advance our understanding of its relation to spatial skills, and has implications for mathematics instruction, such as using spatial reasoning interventions in developing effective methods for supporting relative magnitude understanding. We review evidence that interventions can be successful in promoting better relative magnitude understanding and associated spatial-relational reasoning, and suggest that education considers ways of including relative magnitude learning, along with more traditional whole-number operations, in early educational efforts.
Assessing the Impact of Patient-Centered Medical Home Principles on Hypertension Outcomes Among Patients of HRSA-Funded Health Centers.

Author(s): Pourat, Nadereh; Chen, Xiao; Lee, Christopher; Zhou, Weihao; Daniel, Marlon; Hoang, Hank; Sripipatana, Alek | Abstract: BackgroundMillions of Americans have uncontrolled hypertension and are low-income or uninsured populations. Health Resources and Services Administration-funded health centers (HCs) are primary providers of care to these patients and a majority have adopted the patient-centered medical home (PCMH). PCMH includes principles of care coordination or integration and care management-support important to the treatment of hypertension. We examined whether the receipt of PCMH concordant care by HC patients improved hypertension outcomes.MethodsWe used a nationally representative survey of adult HC patients with hypertension (n = 2,280) conducted between October 2014 and April 2015. We included data from the 2013 and 2014 Uniform Data System to include characteristics of the HCs where these patients received their care. Our outcome measures included flu shots, number of primary care visits, normal blood pressure at last visit, emergency department (ED) visits, confidence in self-care, and compliance with provider recommendations. The primary independent variables were (i) whether the HC coordinated and referred patients to specialists; (ii) provided counseling, health education, coaching, treatment plans, and advice on hypertension control; and (iii) helped patients to obtain government benefits, medical transportation, and basic needs such as housing and food. Logistic and negative binomial multivariate regression models were performed.ResultsHypertension-focused coaching was associated with normal blood pressure at last visit (odds ratio (OR) = 1.47) and fewer ED visits (incidence rate ratio = 0.81). Behavioral health counseling was associated with increased self-efficacy in self-care management (OR = 3.20).ConclusionsOur findings suggested that increased focus on these practices may lead to better hypertension outcomes among patients who are low-income and uninsured populations.
Consequential, Problematic and Perhaps Resolvable

There are serious consequences for the divided political media system in modern American culture. Dagnes examines the costs and effects of a polarized media on American democracy and on civil discourse. These are serious and important outcomes that will have a lasting impact on American politics. Dagnes also provides some possible solutions to the problems this system creates, offering strategies and approaches for communicating in a modern world. In doing so, Dagnes offers hope for the future with the possibility that Americans will not be super mad at everything all the time.
Optimization Techniques for Low Power Circuits

Now that we have developed tools which can efficiently estimate the average power dissipation of combinational and sequential logic circuits, we have a means of comparing different implementations of the same system, and therefore a way to direct logic synthesis tools for low power optimization.
Physeal arrest in purpura fulminans. A report of three cases.

This is a report of the cases of three children who had partial amputation of all four extremities as definitive care for gangrenous limbs after the development of purpura fulminans
Autoethnographic Approach to Studying the Affective Information Behavior of a Deaf Student

Deaf and hard of hearing students in higher education—a growing population—may acquire substantially less information in the classroom than their hearing peers. Although assistive technologies (AT) are designed to help hearing-impaired students close that information gap, negative experiences using technologies can impede users’ abilities to retrieve information and learn. The author of this study, who is a profoundly deaf Ph.D. student, has conducted an autoethnographic study of his affective experiences using AT in formal and informal educational settings. His experiences, which are documented in an AT Use Diary, have been analyzed using the framework of activity theory. Ultimately, the researcher plans to interview and survey fellow hearing-impaired students, hearing peers, and faculty and staff members, in order to recommend improvements to existing AT, and make higher education most inclusive for students with hearing loss.
Observations of Jupiter Family Comet 252P/LINEAR During a Close Approach to Earth Reveal Large Abundances of Methanol and Ethane

We observed short-period comet 252P/LINEAR post-perihelion during its 2016 passage, which presented a favorable opportunity to survey its chemical composition at a close Earth approach (∼0.14 au). We characterized the comet’s chemical composition on four dates (UT 2016 April 12, 19, 26, and 29) using spectroscopic measurements with the Near-infrared Spectrograph (NIRSPEC) at the Keck Observatory on Maunakea, HI. Our high-resolution infrared spectra yielded production rates for four species (H2O, CH3OH, C2H6, and HCN) and upper limits for five species (NH3, H2CO, C2H2, CO, and CH4). We measured water at an average production rate of 4.9 ± 0.1 × 10(exp 27) molec s(exp -1). The chemical properties of 252P suggest a rather typical composition, yet somewhat enriched in methanol and ethane but low in formaldehyde (upper limit) compared to other short-period comets surveyed at infrared wavelengths. Analysis of the ortho/para ratio in water indicates a nuclear spin temperature larger than ∼38 K, consistent with statistical equilibrium (2σ). Spatial distributions of gases, which are representative of possible heterogeneity in the nucleus and/or gas dynamics upon sublimation, showed rather symmetric profiles, with subtle enhancements of the more volatile species C2H6 and HCN toward the sunward hemisphere, while water showed spatial distributions that were extended toward the anti-sunward hemisphere. The continuum was characterized by a narrow distribution. We place our infrared results in the context of observations with the Discovery Channel Telescope, the James Clerk Maxwell submillimeter Telescope, and the Hubble Space Telescope.
Traffic density on corridors subject to incidents: models for long-term congestion management

The purpose of this research is to provide a faster and more efficient method to determine traffic density behavior for long-term congestion management using minimal statistical information. Applications include road work, road improvements, and route choice. To this end, this paper adapts and generalizes two analytical models (for non-peak and peak hours) for the probability mass function of traffic density for a major highway. It then validates the model against real data. The studied corridor has a total of 36 sensors, 18 in each direction, and the traffic experiences randomly occurring service deterioration due to accidents and inclement weather such as snow and thunderstorms. We base the models on queuing theory, and we compare the fundamental diagram with the data. This paper supports the validity of the models for each traffic condition under certain assumptions on the distributional properties of the associated random parameters. It discusses why these assumptions are needed and how they are determined. Furthermore, once the models are validated, different scenarios are presented to demonstrate traffic congestion behavior under various deterioration levels, as well as the estimation of traffic breakdown. These models, which account for non-recurrent congestion, can improve decision making without the need for extensive datasets or time-consuming simulations.
Science-ing from home.

In the first of two articles about laboratory closures triggered by COVID-19, scientists affected by the shutdowns outline the tools they are using to run their research groups remotely. In the first of two articles about laboratory closures triggered by COVID-19, scientists affected by the shutdowns outline the tools they are using to run their research groups remotely.
CHEMODNERVATION FOR CERVICAL DYSTONIA: A CLINICAL REVIEW

Cervical dystonia (CD) is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary contractions of neck muscles that result in patterned movements and abnormal postures of the head and neck that have a directional quality. CD is the most common form of dystonia presenting to the movement disorders clinic. Botulinum toxin is an effective treatment for cervical dystonia. It has become the first-line treatment for cervical dystonia with a satisfactory relief of symptoms reported in more than 80% of the cases. Multiple small and large scale studies proven that fact and provided Class-A evidence for the benefit. However, 20% of the patients discontinue treatment due to adverse effects, treatment failure and other reasons. With the proper knowledge of toxins and the anatomy of the neck, much better results can be achieved with fewer and self-limiting adverse effects as compared to other modalities. However, the expert consensus recommendations are lacking to guide clinicians for optimal use of botulinum toxin for cervical dystonias. This paper discusses the different available treatments, botulinum injection techniques and the adverse effects involved with the procedure.
A mini-Tn5-derived transposon with reportable and selectable markers enables rapid generation and screening of insertional mutants in Gram-negative bacteria

We re-engineered a classic tool for mutagenesis and gene expression studies in Gram-negative bacteria. Our modified Tn5-based transposon contains multiple features that allow rapid selection for mutants, direct quantification of gene expression and straightforward cloning of the inactivated gene. The promoter-less gfp-km cassette provides selection and reporter assay depending on the activity of the promoter upstream of the transposon insertion site. The cat gene facilitates positive antibiotic selection for mutants, while the narrow R6Kγ replication origin forces transposition in recipient strains lacking the pir gene and enables cloning of the transposon flanked with the disrupted gene from the chromosome. The suicide vector pCKD100, a plasmid that could be delivered into recipient cells through biparental mating or electroporation, harbours the modified transposon. We used the transposon to mutagenize Pectobacterium versatile KD100, Pseudumonas coronafaciens PC27R and Escherichia coli 35150N. The fluorescence intensities of mutants expressing high GFP could be quantified and detected qualitatively. Transformation efficiency from conjugation ranged from 1600 to 1900 CFU per ml. We sequenced the upstream flanking regions, identified the putative truncated genes and demonstrated the restoration of the GFP phenotype through marker exchange. The mini-Tn5 transposon was also utilized to construct mutant a library of P. versatile for forward genetic screens.
Low Leakage Current Mesa-type Avalanche Photodiodes with Zn-diffused Sidewall

We report suppression of sidewall leakage current by up to two orders of magnitude in InGaAs / InP mesa-type avalanche photodiodes with a p-type sidewall formed by Zn diffusion, compared to reference devices without a p-type sidewall on the same wafer.
Study on the electromagnetic coupling relationship between subway and power grid

At present, the development of rail transit in China is very rapid, and the subway greatly facilitates people's transportation. Since the metro adopts THE DC power supply system, the dc magnetic bias fault of the transformer in the surrounding AC power network will be caused by the metro, which will affect the operation of the AC power network. The current research literature considers that the stray current of subway leads to the potential difference between the grounding grids of two substations at different positions, thus causing the dc magnetic bias fault of the transformer. This paper studies the feasibility of generating DC magnetic bias current through electromagnetic coupling between space electromagnetic field and nearby transmission lines while traction power supply catenary provides energy for subway. Firstly, the electromagnetic coupling model between subway overhead contact network and nearby transmission lines is established, the coupling relationship between them is deduced, and the influence law of different factors such as subway depth and grid area on grid induced voltage is analyzed. Then, a field measurement was carried out in a subway section of Chengdu city, a simulated grid loop was built, and the induced voltage signal of the simulated line was collected when the subway vehicles passed. It is found that subway traction power supply system has strong coupling effect on AC power network. It is also found that the induced voltage of the traction network on the grid is not only related to the relative position of the subway and the grid, but also related to the running state of the train. When the subway vehicle runs in the coupling interval, the moving magnetic field generated by the vehicle movement has a greater influence on the DC magnetic bias than the magnetic field generated by the catenary current.
Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Russian Thistle ( Salsola tragus ) in Spring Barley and Spring Wheat.

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is a persistent post-harvest issue in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Farmers need more integrated management strategies to control it. Russian thistle emergence, mortality, plant biomass, seed production, and crop yield were evaluated in spring wheat and spring barley planted in 18- or 36-cm row spacing and seeded at 73 or 140 kg ha−1 in Pendleton and Moro, Oregon, during 2018 and 2019. Russian thistle emergence was lower and mortality was higher in spring barley than in spring wheat. However, little to no effect of row spacing or seeding rate was observed on Russian thistle emergence or mortality. Russian thistle seed production and plant biomass followed crop productivity; higher crop yield produced higher Russian thistle biomass and seed production and lower crop yield produced lower weed biomass and seed production. Crop yield with Russian thistle pressure was improved in 2018 with 18-cm rows or by seeding at 140 kg ha−1 while no effect was observed in 2019. Increasing seeding rates or planting spring crops in narrow rows may be effective at increasing yield in low rainfall years of the PNW, such as in 2018. No effect may be observed in years with higher rainfall than normal, such as in 2019.