cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Smoking, gender, and age as risk factors for site-specific intraoral squamous cell carcinoma. A case-series analysis.

Background. Studies assessing risk factors for oral cancer do not generally report results for specific oral sites. The purpose of the current study was to examine differences in the distribution of age, gender, and tobacco use by intraoral site in a series of oral cancer cases. Methods. Information on gender, age at diagnosis, and lesion location was obtained for all incident cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed through the University of Connecticut Oral Pathology Biopsy Service during the period 1987–1991 (N = 150). Information on tobacco use was obtained through a telephone interview or from medical or dental records. Results. The tongue, floor of the mouth (FOM), and gingiva, respectively, were the most commonly affected sites. The male-to-female ratio was greatest for FOM cancer (3.4) and lowest for gingival cancer (0.5). The mean age at diagnosis did not differ significantly by site. The percentage of smokers among cases of FOM, tongue, and gingival cancer was 97%, 64%, and 50%, respectively. When multiple logistic regression was used to compare FOM and gingival cancer, gender and smoking remained significant predictors. The odds of smoking among patients with FOM cancer were 32 times the odds of smoking among patients with gingival cancer (odds ratio for age, gender adjusted = 32.6, 3.3–323.5). Conclusions. The findings suggest that cancer of the FOM is more strongly associated with smoking than is cancer of the gingiva and, perhaps, the tongue. The reported results should be interpreted cautiously in light of study limitations, which include the absence of information on alcohol consumption and lack of a noncancer control group.
Automatic recognition of significant events in the vital signs of neonatal infants.

Abstract A method is presented which automatically detects and reports on some of the commonly described irregularities in the vital signs of neonatal infants. The program is compact and may be used on-line in a minicomputer system which monitors these infants.
The non-linear elastic behavior and ideal shear strength of Al and Cu

Abstract We present recent ab initio calculations of the ideal shear strengths of aluminum and copper using pseudopotential density functional theory within the local density approximation. Structural relaxations orthogonal to the applied shear significantly reduce the values of ideal shear strength, resulting in strengths of 8–9% of the shear modulus for both Al and Cu. However, the geometry of the relaxations in Al and Cu is very different. To some degree, this can be explained using experimentally measured third-order elastic constants.
Transport protocols for high performance

The Explicit Control Protocol and other new congestion-control systems greatly improve application performance over a range of network infrastructure, including extremely high-speed and high-delay links. What then is next for TCP and other established but less-capable Internet protocols?
A non‐Jacobian numerical quadrature for semi‐infinite integrals

The quadrature first transforms the semi-infinite integration limit into a finite limit. Standard numerical integration procedures such as Gauss-Chebyshev or Gauss-Legendre schemes can then be used to obtain the integral value. The transformation also induces a scale parameter which effectively expands the numerical-integration sampling points along its original semi-infinite integration path. The quadrature can be easily incorporated into finite element or boundary element schemes for the evaluation of semi-infinite integrals
Induction and axial patterning of the neural plate: Planar and vertical signals

In this review I summarize recent findings on the contributions of different cell groups to the formation of the basic plan of the nervous system of vertebrate embryos. Midline cells of the mesoderm--the organizer, notochord, and prechordal plate--and midline cells of the neural ectoderm--the notoplate and floor plate--appear to have a fundamental role in the induction and patterning of the neural plate. Vertical signals acting across tissue layers and planar signals acting through the neural epithelium have distinct roles and cooperate in induction and pattern formation. Whereas the prechordal plate and notochord have distinct vertical signaling properties, the initial anteroposterior (A-P) pattern of the neural plate may be induced by planar signals originating from the organizer region. Planar signals from the notoplate may also contribute to the mediolateral (M-L) patterning of the neural plate. These and other findings suggest a general view of neural induction and axial patterning.
Malignancies Associated with Pediatric HIV Infection: Long Term Survivors on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy(HAART) 760

Malignancies Associated with Pediatric HIV Infection: Long Term Survivors on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy(HAART) 760
School Choice and Social injustice: A response to Harry Brighouse

In his book, School Choice and Social Justice, Harry Brighouse attempts to show how a properly designed school–choice plan, guided by his liberal theory of social justice, can enhance equal educational opportunity and provide every child with an education for autonomy. In this paper, I argue that Brighouse is overly confident about the egalitarian potential of school choice. He seems to be defending a policy for what it could be, rather than looking at school choice for what it is: a flawed educational reform that makes things worse in terms of social justice. I question Brighouse’s notion that the kind of school choice he advocates, one that promotes equal educational opportunity and education for autonomy, is politically feasible.
Private label positioning: Quality versus feature differentiation from the national brand

Abstract This paper investigates the retailer's problem of positioning her private label against two national brands in terms of both product quality and product features. Using a demand function derived from consumer utility, we show that the private label's best positioning strategy depends on the nature of the national brands’ competition and its own quality. When the national brands are differentiated, a high quality private label should position closer to a stronger national brand, and a low quality private label should position closer to a weaker national brand. When the national brands are undifferentiated, the private label should differentiate from both national brands.
Prospection: Experiencing the Future

All animals can predict the hedonic consequences of events they've experienced before. But humans can predict the hedonic consequences of events they've never experienced by simulating those events in their minds. Scientists are beginning to understand how the brain simulates future events, how it uses those simulations to predict an event's hedonic consequences, and why these predictions so often go awry.
The emergency service spectrum

An efficient and productive comprehensive emergency service program requires cooperation and an understanding of the complex interrelationships necessary to effectuate the system. The system may be considered as a spectrum composed of five distinct phases which blend together when properly organized. The end result of this blending is a system which contributes to lowered morbidity and mortality among emergency victims. The five phases of the spectrum are Pre-Emergency, Emergency, Rescue and Transportation, Primary Care and Secondary Care . Within each of these phases there are four major components which affect the ability of the system to function. These components are Location, Personnel, Services, Equipment and Facilities . The key element in blending these phases and components into an effective system is a communication network that links all levels of governmental and private agencies involved in providing emergency service.
Locating cache performance bottlenecks using data profiling

Effective use of CPU data caches is critical to good performance, but poor cache use patterns are often hard to spot using existing execution profiling tools. Typical profilers attribute costs to specific code locations. The costs due to frequent cache misses on a given piece of data, however, may be spread over instructions throughout the application. The resulting individually small costs at a large number of instructions can easily appear insignificant in a code profiler's output.DProf helps programmers understand cache miss costs by attributing misses to data types instead of code. Associating cache misses with data helps programmers locate data structures that experience misses in many places in the application's code. DProf introduces a number of new views of cache miss data, including a data profile, which reports the data types with the most cache misses, and a data flow graph, which summarizes how objects of a given type are accessed throughout their lifetime, and which accesses incur expensive cross-CPU cache loads. We present two case studies of using DProf to find and fix cache performance bottlenecks in Linux. The improvements provide a 16-57% throughput improvement on a range of memcached and Apache workloads.
Preservation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Binding Sites With Age in Rat Neocortex

This study used [ 3 H]dizocilpine ([ 3 H]MK-801) binding to examine glycine, polyamine, and zinc subsites of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in well-washed membranes derived from the neocortex of Fischer 344/ Norwegian brown rats aged 3, 12, 24 and 37 months. [ 3 H]dizocilpine binding in the presence of 100 m M glutamate was enhanced by the addition of 30 m M glycine. Binding in the presence of both glutamate and glutamate plus glycine were unaffected by age. The competitive polyamine site antagonist arcaine inhibited [ 3 H]dizocilpine binding in a dose-dependent fashion and 50 m M spermidine caused a rightward shift in this dose response curve. IC 50 values derived from these plots were not significantly affected by age. Similarly, zinc inhibited binding in a dosedependent fashion and was also unaffected by age. These data indicate that the NMDA receptor is spared in aging.
Sealing the Deal: Environmental and Indigenous Justice and Mining in Nunavut1

Nunavut is a territory in Canada's Eastern Arctic inhabited by a majority Inuit population. This population continues to rely on wildlife as a food source, and on harvesting for both cultural and economic well-being. Increased mining investment in Nunavut has resulted in a diminishment of public hearing opportunities for individual Inuk and other residents of Nunavut in non-renewable resource decisions that will affect harvesters. This represents a substantial erosion of the participatory rights the Inuit agreed to when they ratified the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement in 1993.
Occupational Therapy and the Treatment of the Colles' Fracture

Colles' fracture is a frequently occurring injury, particularly in the older population, and well-known to most occupational therapists working in the area of physical dysfunction. The residual deficits associated with this fracture cause major functional problems for the patient and may be avoided by early referral to occupational therapy. Stages of fracture healing will be discussed with recommendations for timely therapeutic intervention. The importance of developing an automatic, early referral system between physicians and occupational therapy departments is stressed, in order to provide thoughtful, preventive, effective treatment to patients with this potentially disabling fracture.
CITRIC: A low-bandwidth wireless camera network platform

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a novel wireless camera network system, called CITRIC. The core component of this system is a new hardware platform that integrates a camera, a frequency-scalable (up to 624 MHz) CPU, 16MB FLASH, and 64MB RAM onto a single device. The device then connects with a standard sensor network mote to form a camera mote. The design enables in-network processing of images to reduce communication requirements, which has traditionally been high in existing camera networks with centralized processing. We also propose a back-end client/server architecture to provide a user interface to the system and support further centralized processing for higher-level applications. Our camera mote enables a wider variety of distributed pattern recognition applications than traditional platforms because it provides more computing power and tighter integration of physical components while still consuming relatively little power. Furthermore, the mote easily integrates with existing low-bandwidth sensor networks because it can communicate over the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol with other sensor network platforms. We demonstrate our system on three applications: image compression, target tracking, and camera localization.
Submission Guide for Online Law Review Supplements, Version 7.0 (7/22/2013)

This document contains information about submitting essays and articles to general online law review supplements. It covers 49 general online law reviews. This document will be updated on an annual basis and as law schools create new online law review supplements.
Sprague‐Dawley and Fischer Female Rats Differ in Acute Effects of Fluoxetine on Sexual Behavior

ABSTRACT Introduction The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine, leads to sexual dysfunction in a substantial proportion of women. In studies with the Fischer inbred rat, the 5‐HT 1A receptor has been implicated in this sexual dysfunction. Whether this association with 5‐HT 1A receptors holds for other rat strains is not known. Aim The effects of acute fluoxetine on sexual behavior in two strains of rats that differ in their response to a 5‐HT 1A receptor agonist were examined. Whether the strain difference is comparable in naturally cycling and hormonally primed, ovariectomized rats was determined. Methods Proestrous rats and ovariectomized rats, hormonally primed with estradiol benzoate and progesterone, were treated with varying doses of fluoxetine. Sexual behavior was examined before and after treatment with the SSRI. Main Outcome Measures Lordosis to mount ratios, lordosis quality, and proceptive behaviors were quantified. Sprague‐Dawley and Fischer females were compared on each of these measures. The IC 50 for inhibition of lordosis behavior was determined. Results In both the intact and the hormonally primed, ovariectomized model, Sprague‐Dawley females were less sensitive to the effects of fluoxetine on sexual behavior. In both groups, fluoxetine showed dose dependency in behavioral inhibition, but a higher dose was required for Sprague‐Dawley than for Fischer females. Naturally cycling, proestrous rats required a higher dose of fluoxetine than hormonally primed ovariectomized rats to produce significant inhibition of sexual behavior. Thus, the strain difference in the response to fluoxetine does not parallel strain differences in the response to a 5‐HT 1A receptor agonist. Conclusions Acute treatment with fluoxetine inhibits lordosis behavior in both Fischer and Sprague‐Dawley females and the strain difference cannot be explained by reported strain differences in the response to a 5‐HT 1A receptor agonist. Fluoxetine's inhibition of female rat sexual behavior may involve effects of the SSRI in addition to activation of the 5‐HT 1A receptor. Miryala CSJ, Hiegel C, and Uphouse L. Sprague‐Dawley and Fischer female rats differ in acute effects of fluoxetine on sexual behavior. J Sex Med **;**:**–**.
Intermittent Binary Communications in a Rayleigh Fading Medium

The error rate performance of a binary communication system, operating in a Rayleigh fading medium, which possesses the capability of automatically ceasing to operate when the received signal-to-noise ratio falls below a preassigned value is analyzed. Communication systems possessing this capability are shown to perform significantly better than systems which operate continuously in the same medium. It is shown that the intermittent system performance asymptotically, i.e., operation in the total signal environment, approaches the multireceiver performance for the case when the multireceiver is measuring only one path.
Determinants of success in the use of oral levetiracetam in status epilepticus

Abstract The use of new antiepileptic drugs for treatment of status epilepticus (SE) has not been studied systematically, particularly with respect to response predictors, the possibility of a dose–response relationship, and the efficacy of administration through a nasogastric tube. We analyzed 23 patients with SE treated with levetiracetam (LEV). The median daily dose of LEV was 2000 mg (range: 750–9000 mg). Ten patients (43%) responded; all had received LEV within 4 days after the beginning of their SE episode (P = 0.019 vs nonresponders), and were administered less than 3000 mg LEV/day (P = 0.046). No demographic or etiological variable was predictive. Among 16 patients given LEV through a nasogastric tube, administration was successful in 5; blood levels in 2 nonresponders were within or above the range 5–30 μg/mL. These data suggest that LEV may be a useful alternative in SE if administered early, even in intubated patients, and that escalating the dosage beyond 3000 mg/day will unlikely provide additional benefit.
Recovering valid clusters with ISODATA supervised by the CAIC

The authors developed an unsupervised clustering method that is a variant of the well known ISODATA clustering algorithm. They replace the heuristic rules that control ISODATA with rules that search for the minimum value of an information theoretic criterion. The criterion investigated in this study is the Consistent Akaike's Information Criterion (CAIC). The CAIC is a measure of the global fit of a cluster model to the input data, and the smallest CAIC value suggests the best fit. The authors tested the method on both multivariate Gaussian and real-world data, including MR (magnetic resonance) images of aortas in vivo. >
My Elixir, MD: Morphing a Medical Degree into a Skincare Brand

Dermatology training and experience make dermatologists well suited to develop and market skin care products. Product endorsement by physicians is, however, fraught with ethical perils. First, there is a potential conflict of interest when physicians profit from selling medical products to their own patients. Second, physician endorsement carries an implied level of authority and legitimacy even for products without convincing scientific or empirical support. Disclosing financial interests as well as ensuring that claims of efficacy are well supported are two ways physicians can begin to address these ethical issues.
Grain Production and Consumption: Cereal Grains in North America

We provide an overview of grain production, consumption, and trade for the principal grains grown in North America during the period from 2002 to 2013. Grains covered include maize (corn), wheat, sorghum, barley, oats, and rice. For each of the major cereals, we provide a summary of trends in acreage, production, and average yields, with comparisons among the three North American countries (the United States, Canada, and Mexico) and with global production.
The effect of arbitrarily small rigidity on the free oscillations of the Earth

The system of propagator equations for an elastic solid becomes singular as the shear modulus becomes vanishingly small. In computational applications there is severe loss of precision as the limit of zero shear modulus is approached. The use of perturbation theory to address the effect of very small shear modulus, using the fluid state as a basis, is unsatisfactory because certain phenomena, e.g., Rayleigh waves, cannot be represented. Two approximate methods are presented to account for the singular perturbation. Since most of the Earth is nearly neutrally stratified, in which case the motion is nearly irrotational, one can impose the irrotational constraint and obtain a modified and reduced system of propagator equations. This system does not have the singular perturbation. In the second method the transition zone between a fluid and a solid is represented as an infinitesimally thin, Massive, Elastic Interface (MEI). The boundary conditions across the MEI are dispersive and algebraic. The limit of zero shear modulus is non-singular.
Brief Report: Further Examination of Self-Injurious Behaviors in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Self-injurious behaviors (SIB) are problematic for many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Existing models to explain factors contributing to SIB fail to account for a large proportion of variance in SIB. This study attempted to explain a greater proportion of variance in SIB by addressing methodological/theoretical limitations in previous research using a sample of 2341 youth with ASD. The model comprised of predictors identified by the prior study continued to explain only a small proportion of variance in the SIB score (R (2) = .13). Revisions to the model failed to substantially improve model fit. Results suggest that psychological, cognitive, and behavioral factors alone do not adequately explain common measures of SIB and highlight the need for further research.
Nonlinear Flame-Flow Transfer Function Calculations: Flow Disturbance Celerity Effects Part 2

1which determined the key parameters influencing the nonlinear flame characteristics. It was shown that the linear and nonlinear characteristics of the flame dynamics were controlled by the superposition of two sources of flame disturbances: those originating at the flame anchoring point due to boundary conditions and from flow non-uniformities. These disturbances do not generally propagate along the flame at the same speed. Consequently, they may either constructively or destructively superpose with each other, depending upon frequency, flame length, and the ratio of their propagation velocities. The response in the linear regime was shown to be characterized by two Strouhal numbers, namely, St2 and Stc. These two Strouhal numbers are related to the amount of time taken for a flow (Stc) and flame front (St2) disturbance to propagate the flame length, normalized by the acoustic period. This study considers the same problem analytically in order to obtain more insight into the underlying nonlinear flame dynamics. We have performed a third order perturbation analysis of the G-equation, which allows an explicit evaluation of the coupling between various parameters influencing flame nonlinearities, such as the flame length and flow disturbance phase speed. Explicit analytical expressions for the mean flame length, as well as the flame response at the forcing frequency and its harmonics have been obtained. It is shown that the nonlinear flame response is controlled by two additional characteristic time scales, apart from the flow and disturbance convective times represented by the nondimensional parameters St2 and Stc. The non-linearity in the flame response is found to be higher when the phase speed of the disturbances is less than the mean flow speed. One interesting prediction of this analysis concerns the impact of flow forcing on average flame length. We show that in most cases, the flame length decreases with increasing perturbation amplitude, as has been experimentally observed; e.g., see Durox 32 . However, the analysis also predicts that the flame can also lengthen under certain conditions, a result that has apparently not been experimentally observed.
Development and Characterization of Ultra-High Frequency Resonance-Enhanced Microjet Actuator

For flow control applications requiring very high frequency excitation, mechanical actuators often lack the durability or the control authority to be consistently useful in highspeed flows. High frequency excitation attempted in the past has been limited to either low frequency actuation with reasonable control authority or high frequency actuation with limited control authority due to limitation in frequency and amplitude of the actuators involved. In the present paper, an extension of previous development of the Resonance Enhanced Microjet actuators has been undertaken to extend the range of frequencies accessible beyond the range previously studied. Using lumped element model as well as empirical relationships developed in previous studies, two actuators have been designed with nominal frequencies of 25 kHz and 60 kHz. Extensive bench top characterization using acoustic measurements as well as optical diagnostics using a micro-schlieren setup was employed to characterize the frequency as well as amplitude of the actuator. The actuators performed at a range of frequencies 20.3-27.8 kHz and 54.8-78.2 kHz, respectively, as a function of NPR and impingement height. In addition to providing information on the actuator flow physics and the performance of the actuators with variations in operating conditions, the tests serve to develop an easy-to-integrate ultra-high frequency actuator for flow control in supersonic free shear and resonant flows.
Chemical Vapor Deposited Boron Carbide: Growth by a Vapor-Liquidsolid Process

Detailed analytical electron microscope (AEM) studies of yellow whiskers produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD)1 show that two basic types of whiskers are produced at low temperatures (between 1200°C and 1400°C) and low boron to carbon gas ratios. Both whisker types show planar microstructures such as twin planes and stacking faults oriented parallel to, or at a rhombohedral angle to, the growth direction. For both whisker types, the presence of droplet-like terminations containing both Si and Ni indicate that the growth process during CVD is via a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism.
TU-H-201-04: Panel Discussion Member

The New New Symposium is a symposium for members relatively new to the organization to learn about the organizational structure and operational procedures of the society; how decisions are made, how the council and committee leadership is appointed and operates, opportunities for volunteer involvement, and a brief overview of the services and efforts provided by the HQ staff and the website. Attendees will hear from council chairs, key staff and chairs, and members with volunteer experience. After the symposium a social hour ensues with opportunities to interact with key AAPM members. The New Member Symposium is a (free) ticket option when you register online for the Annual Meeting. And don't forget registrants receive one (free) ticket for a beverage of your choice during the social afterwards.
US-Latin American Naval Relations

Latin America provides a particularly significant case for studying the impact of the expansion of Third-World navies on the new ocean order. It was Latin America that gave the original impetus for the new ocean order and which subsequently played a key role in rallying others behind the demand for extended national ocean zones. It is thus particularly appropriate to consider the Latin American experience when seeking to understand the possibilities and constraints of the new order.
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the structural chemistry and the biological aspects of glutamate carboxypeptidase II. This enzyme was first characterized in the rat nervous system by its hydrolysis of the neuropeptide N-acetylaspartylglutamate and was termed N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase. The prostate cancer marker known as the prostate-specific membrane antigen also possesses NAALADase activity. Subcellular fractionation of brain reveals enrichment of the enzyme in neurosynaptosomal complexes. Electron microscopy localizes glutamate carboxypeptidase II immunoreactivity to the outer surface of the plasma membrane. The results indicate that the rat enzyme is expressed exclusively in astrocytic glial cells. Prostate-Specific Membrane (PSM) was characterized originally as the ligand of the monoclonal antibody 7E11.C5, which exhibited immunohistochemical staining restricted among human tissues to the prostate epithelium. The analyses have reported 7E11.C5 immunoreactivity and/or positive RNAase protection assays with PSM-derived probes in human salivary gland, brain, small intestine, seminal plasma and blood serum. Two gene loci closely related to PSM have been identified on human chromosome 11. The PSM form of glutamate carboxypeptidase II is expressed in normal and neoplastic prostate epithelial cells, and PSM has been examined for utility in the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of prostatic carcinoma.
Correction: Ono, K. Calibration Methods of Acoustic Emission Sensors. Materials 2016, 9, 508

Author(s): Ono, Kanji | Abstract: The author wishes to make the following corrections to this paper [1].[...].
Allele-specific wild-type TP53 expression in the unaffected carrier parent of children with Li–Fraumeni syndrome

Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an autosomal dominant disorder where an oncogenic TP53 germline mutation is passed from parent to child. Tumor protein p53 is a key tumor suppressor regulating cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. Paradoxically, some mutant TP53 carriers remain unaffected, while their children develop cancer within the first few years of life. To address this paradox, response to UV stress was compared in dermal fibroblasts (dFb) from an affected LFS patient vs. their unaffected carrier parent. UV induction of CDKN1A /p21, a regulatory target of p53, in LFS patient dFb was significantly reduced compared to the unaffected parent. UV exposure also induced significantly greater p53[Ser15]-phosphorylation in LFS patient dFb, a reported property of some mutant p53 variants. Taken together, these results suggested that unaffected parental dFb may express an increased proportion of wild-type vs. mutant p53. Indeed, a significantly increased ratio of wild-type to mutant TP53 allele-specific expression in the unaffected parent dFb was confirmed by RT-PCR-RFLP and RNA-seq analysis. Hence, allele-specific expression of wild-type TP53 may allow an unaffected parent to mount a response to genotoxic stress more characteristic of homozygous wild-type TP53 individuals than their affected offspring, providing protection from the oncogenesis associated with LFS.
Lithiation-Assisted Strengthening Effect and Reactive Flow in Bulk and Nanoconfined Sulfur Cathodes of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Lithiation of electrode materials can lead to significant microstructural evolution and changes in their mechanical behaviors in lithium batteries. Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have recently attracted extensive attention, where carbon matrices have been utilized to retain S content by restricting the dissolution of polysulfide into electrolytes. Here we systematically investigate S cathode upon unconfined and nanoconfined lithiation using reactive molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate the great ductility of lithiated amorphous S cathode (a-LixS) governed by overcoordination sites, as well as the resulting strengthening effect of a-LixS due to the formation of stronger Li–S bonds upon lithiation. Fracture and cavitation studies also indicate the dominant role of shear banding, which is facilitated by overcoordinated S “plastic carriers”, in accommodating the plastic deformation of a-LixS under tensile loading. Based on a chemo-mechanical yield function, we confirm two-dimensionally nanoconfined...
Optimization of a high-speed placement machine using tabu search algorithms

Combinatorial optimization represents a wide range of real-life manufacturing optimization problems. Due to the high computational complexity, and the usually high number of variables, the solution of these problems imposes considerable challenges. This paper presents a tabu search approach to a combinatorial optimization problem, in which the objective is to maximize the production throughput of a high-speed automated placement machine. Tabu search is a modern heuristic technique widely employed to cope with large search spaces, for which classical search methods would not provide satisfactory solutions in a reasonable amount of time. The developed TS strategies are tailored to address the different issues caused by the modular structure of the machine.
Training Paradigms for Correcting Errors in Grammar and Usage

This paper proposes a novel approach to the problem of training classifiers to detect and correct grammar and usage errors in text by selectively introducing mistakes into the training data. When training a classifier, we would like the distribution of examples seen in training to be as similar as possible to the one seen in testing. In error correction problems, such as correcting mistakes made by second language learners, a system is generally trained on correct data, since annotating data for training is expensive. Error generation methods avoid expensive data annotation and create training data that resemble non-native data with errors. We apply error generation methods and train classifiers for detecting and correcting article errors in essays written by non-native English speakers; we show that training on data that contain errors produces higher accuracy when compared to a system that is trained on clean native data. We propose several training paradigms with error generation and show that each such paradigm is superior to training a classifier on native data. We also show that the most successful error generation methods are those that use knowledge about the article distribution and error patterns observed in non-native text.
A Probabilistic Re-View on Felsenthal and Machover’s “The Measurement of Voting Power”

Felsenthal and Machover (1998, The Measurement of voting power – theory and practice, problems and paradoxes. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar) celebrated monograph on The Measurement of Voting Power set off a renewed impetus on the analysis of weighted voting systems. Their presentation strikes a balance between the game-theoretic and the probabilistic approaches to the subject. The present paper holds that the probabilistic view may be profitably extended even further, in providing helpful language as well as motivating new results.
The role of serum uric acid as a prognostic indicator of the severity of maternal and fetal complications in hypertensive pregnancies.

Abstract Objective: To examine whether an elevated serum uric acid level in hypertensive pregnant women is a useful prognostic indicator of severe hypertension; hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome; and small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Methods: A total of 459 women newly diagnosed with hypertension in pregnancy were categorized into "gestational hypertension" and "hypertension with proteinuria (preeclampsia)" groups. Their serum uric acid levels were correlated with the development of HELLP syndrome, severity of hypertension, and incidence of SGA newborns ( Results: Significant elevation in serum uric acid levels over normotensive pregnant women (285 ± 72 μmol/L) was observed in both the gestational hypertensive group (341 ± 83 μmol/L) and the preeclamptic group (384 ± 93 μmol/L) of women (p Conclusion: Uric acid levels, although significantly elevated in women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia as compared to normotensive pregnant women, are not good prognostic indicators of the severity of the maternal or fetal complications.
Compact lithium-ion battery electrodes with lightweight reduced graphene oxide/poly(acrylic acid) current collectors

We report the fabrication and electrochemical performance of metal-foil free Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM) electrodes supported on conductive and porous reduced graphene oxide/poly(acrylic acid) (rGO-PAA) aerogels. The highly porous rGO-PAA (∼6 mg cm–3) enables slurry infiltration of LTO and NCM to form composite electrodes with tunable mass loadings (∼3–30 mg cm–2), and the resultant composites can withstand 100-fold compression (from 3.2 mm to ∼30–130 μm) to achieve electrode densities of 2–3 g cm–3. The adequate compressibility of the rGO-PAA coupled with removal of the conventional metal-foil weight and volume provides high volumetric energy densities of 1723 Wh L–1 for NCM and 625 Wh L–1 for LTO at low power density, representing a 25% increase in energy density over similar electrodes built with metal-foil current collectors. These metrics demonstrate the utility of the rGO-PAA current collector to reduce the weight and volume of lithium-ion electrodes without sacrificing energy density.
Sustaining eHealth engagement in a multi‐year weight gain prevention intervention

Introduction Digital tools are widely used and effective in weight management interventions; however, usage declines over time. Strategies to promote continued engagement should be explored. We examined the effects of offering additional modes of weight reporting as well as periodic online campaigns to promote engagement, assessed by frequency of weight reporting, in a weight gain prevention study for young adults. Methods Using an observational design, self-reported weights obtained through digital tools were pooled across participants assigned to two interventions (n = 312). Analysis examined the effects before during and after introduction of an additional reporting modality (email) and for three time-limited refresher campaigns over 2 years. Results Adding a new modality to the three existing modes (SMS, web, and mobile web) increased weight reporting as well as the number of modalities participants used to report weights. The use of several modes of reporting was associated with more weights submitted (p < 0.01). Refresher campaigns did not increase the proportion of participants reporting; however, the number of weights submitted during the 4-week campaigns increased compared with the 4 weeks before the campaign (p's ≥ 0.45, <0.001, respectively). Conclusion Using multiple digital modalities and periodic campaigns shows promise for sustaining engagement with weight reporting in a young adult population, and incorporating such strategies may mitigate typical declines in eHealth and mHealth interventions.
Lech’s Supposed Origins in Croatia: Regarding the Identification of the Rivers Huy and Krupa in the Works of Jan Długosz and Maciej of Miechów

The present article is a further contribution to the debate on the famous late medieval and early Renaissance narrative of the legendary origins of the Poles. The paper focuses on the legendary castle of ‘Psary’ — the ‘ancestral home’ of Prince Lech, that is on the geographical information given by chroniclers Jan Dlugosz and Maciej of Miechow in their writings. The author dismisses the identification of ‘Psary’ with Krapina or Pharos (Starigrad on the island of Hvar), arguing that ‘Psary’ was the medieval Minor Pset most likely located on top of Pusacko Hill (Pusacko brdo) in the vicinity of the late medieval castle Krupa (present-day Bosanska Krupa in Bosnia and Herzegovina).
The Effect of Anticoagulant Choice on Venous Thromboembolism Recurrence and Bleeding in Sickle Cell Disease

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience accelerated morbidity and mortality. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a risk factor for early mortality in SCD, occurs in 11-12% of patients with SCD by the age of 40. While indefinite anticoagulation is indicated in the SCD population, there is limited understanding of comparative efficacy and hemorrhagic risk of individual anticoagulation agents in this population. We reviewed the use of anticoagulation for treatment of VTE in patients with SCD at our institution to begin to address these questions. A retrospective chart review of all patients with SCD 18 years of age and older (currently alive or deceased) who received care at Boston Medical Center/Boston University between 2003 and 2018 was performed. VTE was defined as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) diagnosed by duplex ultrasound or pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosed by either ventilation-perfusion scanning or computed tomography angiography. The primary efficacy outcome was the number of VTE events which occurred while the patient was receiving anticoagulation. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding as defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis 2005 guidelines. The medical records of 233 patients with SCD were reviewed; VTE was identified in 55 (23.6%) patients. Sixty-five percent were female. In these 55 patients, a total of 94 VTE events occurred. Fifteen (16.0%) were catheter-associated upper extremity DVTs. For the first event, initial outpatient treatment consisted of warfarin in 56%, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in 18.2%, rivaroxaban in 9.1%, apixaban in 5.5%, and fondaparinux in 3.6%. The median length of treatment was 7.3 (median: 6, IQR: 3-12) months. Recurrent VTEs occurred in 27 (49%) patients with a total of 39 recurrent events. Among the recurrent events, thirteen (33.0%) were treatment failures occurring during anticoagulation therapy (see Table 1): 7 of 37 (18.9%) on warfarin, 2 of 20 (10.0%) on LMWH, and 4 of 15 (26.7%) on rivaroxaban. Death from recurrent VTE occurred in two patients; one occurred while a patient was therapeutic on warfarin. Major bleeding occurred in two patients (3.6%); in both cases, this was intracranial hemorrhage while on warfarin. In this retrospective study, there was a high rate of VTE recurrence despite anticoagulation in patients with SCD. Treatment failure was highest with warfarin and rivaroxaban, although adherence was difficult to assess. Risk of hemorrhage and death appears higher in those prescribed warfarin. These data affirm the need for long-term anticoagulation in most patients with SCD with a VTE and support the use of direct oral anticoagulants as a first-line agent. Download : Download high-res image (58KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Sloan: Abbvie: Other: Endpoint Review Committee; Stemline: Consultancy; Merck: Other: endpoint review commitee.
Dynamic Construction, Perception, and Remodeling of Plant Cell Walls

Plant cell walls are dynamic structures that are synthesized by plants to provide durable coverings for the delicate cells they encase. They are made of polysaccharides, proteins, and other biomolecules and have evolved to withstand large amounts of physical force and to resist external attack by herbivores and pathogens but can in many cases expand, contract, and undergo controlled degradation and reconstruction to facilitate developmental transitions and regulate plant physiology and reproduction. Recent advances in genetics, microscopy, biochemistry, structural biology, and physical characterization methods have revealed a diverse set of mechanisms by which plant cells dynamically monitor and regulate the composition and architecture of their cell walls, but much remains to be discovered about how the nanoscale assembly of these remarkable structures underpins the majestic forms and vital ecological functions achieved by plants.
Ethics and the emergence of brain-computer interface medicine.

Abstract Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology will usher in profound changes to the practice of medicine. BCI devices, broadly defined as those capable of reading brain activity and translating this into operation of a device, will offer patients and clinicians new ways to address impairments of communication, movement, sensation, and mental health. These new capabilities will bring new responsibilities and raise a diverse set of ethical challenges. One way to understand and begin to address these challenges is to view them in terms of the goals of medicine. In this chapter, different ways in which BCI technology may subserve the goals of medicine is explored. This is followed by articulation of additional goals particularly relevant to BCI technology: neural diversity, neural privacy, agency, and authenticity. The goals of medicine provide a useful ethical framework for the introduction of BCI devices into medicine.
Student Learning Communities as Builders of Collective Efficacy.

Using the evidence from teacher professional learning communities, we explore the ways in which students can collaborate and build their collective efficacy.
Thermal rate constants for electron attachment to N2O: An example of endothermic attachment.

Rate constants for dissociative electron attachment to N2O yielding O− have been measured as a function of temperature from 400 K to 1000 K. Detailed modeling of kinetics was needed to derive the rate constants at temperatures of 700 K and higher. In the 400 K–600 K range, upper limits are given. The data from 700 K to 1000 K follow the Arrhenius equation behavior described by 2.4 × 10−8 e−0.288 eV/kT cm3 s−1. The activation energy derived from the Arrhenius plot is equal to the endothermicity of the reaction. However, calculations at the CCSD(T)/complete basis set level suggest that the lowest energy crossing between the neutral and anion surfaces lies 0.6 eV above the N2O equilibrium geometry and 0.3 eV above the endothermicity of the dissociative attachment. Kinetic modeling under this assumption is in modest agreement with the experimental data. The data are best explained by attachment occurring below the lowest energy crossing of the neutral and valence anion surfaces via vibrational Feshbach resonances.
Healthcare professionals' acts of correcting health misinformation on social media

Abstract Background Health misinformation on social media is a public health concern, and healthcare professionals can help correct it. However, research on how they correct health misinformation on social media is rare. Objective To develop a conceptual model that demonstrates how healthcare professionals correct health misinformation on social media. Methods In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted between January and March 2020 with 30 U.S. healthcare professionals (15 registered nurses and 15 medical doctors). Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling and interviewed via mobile phone calls (using their mobile phone number) or apps (via Zoom or Skype). Interview data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Results This study presents a two-phased conceptual model that shows healthcare professionals’ acts of correcting health misinformation on social media (e.g., Twitter and Facebook). The first phase involves acts of authentication by which healthcare professionals verify health-related social media posts to be true or not. They undergo the process of internal acts of authentication (i.e., checking the author, checking for cues, checking the topic) and, if needed, external acts of authentication (i.e., examining the author and examining the content). When social media posts are deemed to contain health misinformation, they proceed to the second phase – acts of correction. In this phase, they undergo correction preparation (i.e., reflect, reveal, relate, and respect) and correction dissemination (i.e., private priming, public priming, public rebuttal, and private rebuttal). Conclusions The study proposed a conceptual model that shows how healthcare professionals correct health misinformation on social media. The findings can guide healthcare professionals when identifying and correcting health misinformation on and off social media, and can guide health authorities when developing campaigns against health misinformation.