cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Free online access to medical information: MEDLINE Web interfaces

The Internet has become a valuable resource for providing information to the public on a variety of subjects, especially public health. Lay users everywhere have access to free medical information if they know where to look and understand how to use the different tools they discover. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) has made its medical database, MEDLINE, available for anyone with Internet access. The NLM offers two different MEDLINE interfaces for free searching, and a variety of other Web sites also provide free access to MEDLINE. This article discusses several of these free MEDLINE Web interfaces.
Composition distributions in FePt(Au) nanoparticles

Ternary alloy FePt(Au) nanoparticles were prepared by the co-reduction of platinum(II) acetylacetonate and gold(III) acetate and the thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl in hot phenyl ether in the presence of oleic acid and oleylamine ligands. This gave spherical particles with an average diameter of 4.4 nm with a range of diameters from approximately 1.6–9 nm. The as-synthesized particles had a solid solution, face-centered-cubic structure. Though the average composition of the particles was Fe44Pt45Au11, individual particle analysis by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy–X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy showed a broad distribution in composition. In general, smaller-sized particles tended to have a lower amount of Au as compared to larger-sized particles. As the Au content increased, the ratio of Fe/Pt widened.
Sudden cardiac death owing to pseudoxanthoma elasticum: A case report

A 26-year-old woman collapsed and died suddenly while dancing. Autopsy findings included the cutaneous lesions of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a rare genetic disease with autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance patterns. Pathologic findings of PXE (degenerated elastic fibers) were seen in the stenotic epicardial coronary arteries, the intramyocardial arterioles, the subendocardium, the mitral valve, and the blood vessels of other viscera. The mitral valve was slightly myxoid. Intramyocardial arteriolar involvement has not been previously described in PXE. The other cardiac findings have only been described in a few cases. Although mitral valve prolapse in PXE has been shown echocardiographically, it is unclear whether or not the mitral valve findings in this case represent the substrate for this condition. It is important that autopsy pathologists search carefully for the pathognomonic skin lesions of PXE in cases of sudden death associated with coronary disease, mitral valve prolapse, or endocardial lesions. Recognition of this disease is essential for proper genetic counseling of surviving family members.
The magnetic properties of oriented high anisotropy Nd(Fe,Co,Mo)/sub 12/N/sub x/ samples

The magnetic properties of a series of highly aligned Nd(Fe,Mo)/sub 12/ and Nd(Fe,Co,Mo)/sub 12/ samples are measured before and after nitriding. The samples are synthesized as approximately 2- mu m thick sputtered film samples with the crystalline c-axis aligned perpendicular to that film surface. Part of the Mo in the NdFe/sub 11/Mo based ThMn/sub 12/ phase is replaced with Co to enhance the available flux density. The saturation flux density for H perpendicular to the film surface is 12.9 kG without Co replacement, and is 15.5 kG with 50% of the Mo replaced with Co. The films are uniaxial before and after nitriding. Upon nitriding, the anisotropy field at room temperature increases from 5 to 130 kOe. For a NdFe/sub 11/MoN/sub x/ sample with some excess Nd, the static energy product for measurements perpendicular to the film surface is 30.2 MGOe at 293 K, and 43.5 MGOe at 10 K. For NdFe/sub 11/Co/sub 0.05/Mo/sub 0.5/N/sub x/ the energy product at 293 K is 46.3 MGOe. >
Linking local structure and properties in perovskites containing equal concentrations of manganese and ruthenium

The local structures of six perovskite compounds containing equal amounts of manganese and ruthenium on the $B$-site have been investigated by neutron and x-ray pair distribution function analysis. The compounds SrMn${}_{0.5}$Ru${}_{0.5}$O${}_{3}$, Sr${}_{0.5}$Ca${}_{0.5}$Mn${}_{0.5}$Ru${}_{0.5}$O${}_{3}$, and CaMn${}_{0.5}$Ru${}_{0.5}$O${}_{3}$ were studied to investigate the effects of pure chemical pressure on the local structure and valency ratio between Mn${}^{3+}$/Ru${}^{5+}$ and Mn${}^{4+}$/Ru${}^{4+}$. Reverse Monte Carlo simulations confirm that there is a shift in the $B$-site cation charge distribution from nearly equal amounts of Mn${}^{3+}$, Ru${}^{5+}$, Mn${}^{4+}$, and Ru${}^{4+}$ for SrMn${}_{0.5}$Ru${}_{0.5}$O${}_{3}$ to primarily Mn${}^{4+}$ and Ru${}^{4+}$ for CaMn${}_{0.5}$Ru${}_{0.5}$O${}_{3}$. The compounds Ba${}_{0.5}$La${}_{0.5}$Mn${}_{0.5}$Ru${}_{0.5}$O${}_{3}$, Ca${}_{0.5}$La${}_{0.5}$Mn${}_{0.5}$Ru${}_{0.5}$O${}_{3}$, and Sr${}_{0.5}$Ca${}_{0.25}$La${}_{0.25}$Mn${}_{0.5}$Ru${}_{0.5}$O${}_{3}$ were also investigated to study the effects of changing the charge of the $A$-site cation. Although substitution of La${}^{3+}$ for a divalent alkaline earth ion increases the Mn${}^{3+}$ content, this series of compounds also shows a relative increase in the concentration of Mn${}^{4+}$ as the average size of the $A$-site cation is decreased. In all compounds the octahedra containing Mn${}^{3+}$ are found to be Jahn-Teller distorted regardless of whether or not long-range orbital ordering is observed, while the Ru-centered octahedra are symmetric. No evidence for short-range cation ordering at either the $A$- or $B$-sites was found for any of the compositions. This study also reports that locally the $A$-site cations lie closer to the Mn ions than to the Ru ions and this asymmetry appears to be correlated to the degree of octahedral tilting.
Feminism in the city: diverse cultural exchanges of feminist knowledge in a New York City high school

This paper examines the ongoing challenge faced by the Chicana author in developing and implementing a feminist of colour curriculum for an after‐school women's group in a large New York City high school. The focus of this paper is to explore the challenges of diverse cultural exchanges of feminist knowledge, even within the same geographical location and especially where there exists unequal institutional, political or social power among and between group members and facilitators.
Person-robot interactions from the robopsychologists' point of view: the robotic psychology and robotherapy approach

Recent research shows that people perceive and treat robots not just as machines, but also as their companions or artificial partners. Person-robot communication, viewed as a complex interactive system (CIS), is based upon three basic principles: interactivity, equifinality, and multimodality. Classification of artificial creatures from the robopsychologist's point of view divides them into two major groups: assisting robots, which are oriented toward industrial, military, research, medical, and service activities, and interactive stimulation robots, which are designed for social, educational, rehabilitation, therapeutic, and entertainment purposes. The latter class is considered the primary subject for the robotic psychology and robotherapy, approaches that have been developed by the authors. These new fields consist of a concept that places the relationships between humans and robots into a psychological, rather than technological, context. Conceptual and experimental results of implementing the robotic psychology and robotherapy concept into the study of human-robot interactions concern basic operational definitions, theoretical framework, and the design of a unified assessment tool named the Person-Robot Complex Interactive Scale (PRCIS). A study with a robotic cat provides the first results of cross-cultural analysis of person-robot communication, as well as findings on the robot's use by children, young and older adults, and elderly persons with dementia.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF REPETITIONS PERFORMED AT GIVEN INTENSITIES IS DIFFERENT IN ENDURANCE AND STRENGTH TRAINED ATHLETES

Prescribing training intensity and volume is a key problem when designing resistance training programmes. One approach is to base training prescription on the number of repetitions performed at a given percentage of repetition maximum due to the correlation found between these two measures. However, previous research has raised questions as to the accuracy of this method, as the repetitions completed at different percentages of 1RM can differ based upon the characteristics of the athlete. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of an athlete's training background on the relationship between the load lifted (as a percentage of one repetition maximum) and the number of repetitions achieved. Eight weightlifters and eight endurance runners each completed a one repetition maximum test on the leg press and completed repetitions to fatigue at 90, 80 and 70% of their one repetition maximum. The endurance runners completed significantly more repetitions than the weightlifters at 70% (39.9 ± 17.6 versus 17.9 ± 2.8; p 0.05) of one repetition maximum. These differences could be explained by the contrasting training adaptations demanded by each sport. This study suggests that traditional guidelines may underestimate the potential number of repetitions that can be completed at a given percentage of 1RM, particularly for endurance trained athletes.
Evaporation from soils and transpiration

Early in the course of our studies on water-relations of soils and plants, it was noted that the amount of water transpired by growing plants was tremendously greater than that evaporated directly from the surface of the soil, and that, under the conditions prevalent in California, evaporation-losses are too small to warrant concern. These results are based not only on comparison of the losses of water through trees or plants growing in tanks with losses of water from uncropped tanks but also on the results of sampling the soil for moisture-determinations for fallow and cropped areas in the field. The conclusion that losses of moisture are occasioned by the upward movement of moisture from the lower moist layers of soil and dissipated into the air is based upon the familiar teaching that moisture is capable of moving through the soil in all directions through capillary forces. It is reasoned that the moisture exists in the form of films around the so 11-particles and in wedge-shapped masses of water between the soil-particles at the points of contact with each other, being held partly by the attraction of the non-water particles for the water and partly by the molecular attraction of the liquid itself. Adjoining particles with different thicknesses of moisture-films surrounding them hold different amounts of water in the adjacent capillary spaces.
Durability of Adhesive Bonds to Zinc-Coated Steels: Effects of Corrosive Environments on Lap Shear Strength

Abstract The effects of corrosive environments on adhesive bonds to electro-galvanized, zinc/aluminum alloy coated, coated electro-galvanized, and cold-rolled steels have been investigated. Bonds prepared using a rubber-modified dicyandiamide-cured epoxy adhesive, an epoxy-modified poly(vinyl chloride)-based adhesive, an acrylic-modified poly(vinyl chloride)-based adhesive a one-part urethane adhesive, and a two-component epoxy-modified acrylic adhesive were exposed under no-load conditions to constant high humidity or cyclic corrosion exposure for 50 days or 50 cycles (10 weeks) respectively. Over the course of this study, exposure to constant high humidity had little effect on lap shear strength for any of the systems studied. Bond failures were initially cohesive, and with few exceptions remained so. Bond strength retention under the cyclic corrosion exposure conditions employed was strongly dependent on adhesive composition and on substrate type. On galvanized substrates, lap shear strengths for the p...
Expression of Plasma Platelet-activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Is Transcriptionally Regulated by Mediators of Inflammation

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent phospholipid with diverse physiological and pathological actions, and it is inactivated by PAF acetylhydrolase. In this study, we analyzed the tissue distribution of the plasma PAF acetylhydrolase mRNA in humans. We isolated a 3.5-kilobase fragment containing the 5′ genomic sequence of the plasma PAF acetylhydrolase gene and further characterized the promoter activity. We determined the transcriptional initiation site by primer extension. We then prepared constructs containing various lengths of 5′ genomic fragments fused to a luciferase reporter gene and transfected these constructs into COS-7 cells. We found that there is more than one region in the 1.3-kilobase 5′ genomic sequence conferring promoter activity and that a very short 5′-flanking region (72 base pairs) is sufficient for more than 65% of the basal activity. In parallel, we examined the regulation of expression of the PAF acetylhydrolase gene. We found that interferon-γ (IFNγ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly inhibited synthesis of PAF acetylhydrolase, whereas other cytokines, including IFNα, interleukin (IL) 1α, IL4, IL6, tumor necrosis factor-α, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor, had a smaller or no effect in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Furthermore, transfection of the promoter/reporter construct into macrophage RAW264.7 cells revealed that IFNγ and LPS decreased the promoter activity by 35% and 50%, respectively, whereas PAF stimulated it by 52% via its receptor. The promoter activity was much lower in monocytic U937 cells compared with the basal level in COS-7 cells, while the activities in P388D1 and RAW264.7 macrophagic cells were considerably higher than the basal level in COS-7 cells. There are multiple regions in the PAF acetylhydrolase promoter that contain responsive elements for signal transducer and activators of transcription-related proteins, and also for myeloid-specific transcription factors. Our data indicate that the opposite of mRNA expression in monocytes versusmacrophages is due to inhibition of the promoter activity in the former and activation in the latter cells.
Use of unnatural amino acids for design of novel organomodified clays as components of nanocomposite biomaterials.

Sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) clay was modified with three different unnatural amino acids in order to design intercalated clay structures that may be used for bone biomaterials applications. Prior work on polymer–clay nanocomposites (PCNs) has indicated the effect of the appropriate choice of modifiers on enhancing properties of PCNs. Our X-ray diffraction results indicate an increase in the d -spacing of Na-MMT clay after it was modified with the three unnatural amino acids. Transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments were carried out on the unmodified and modified MMT clay samples to study the molecular interactions between the amino acids used as modifiers and the Na-MMT clay. Cell culture experiments showed that the Na-MMT clay modified with the three amino acids was biocompatible as were the modified clay-incorporated films of chitosan/polygalacturonic acid/hydroxyapatite.
FUZZY REASONING-BASED SEQUENCING OF ARRIVAL AIRCRAFT IN THE TERMINAL AREA

A fuzzy reasoning-based method for scheduling air traffic in the terminal area has been designed at the NASA Ames Research Center and operationally tested at the Dallas/Fort Worth Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON). The scheduling system sequences and assigns landing times to arrival aircraft by utilizing continuous updates of aircraft radar data and controller inputs. The scheduling algorithm contains a knowledge base which was refined during several thousand hours of controller-in-the-loop real-time simulations. This knowledge base applies fuzzy reasoning to evaluate propositions that consider both performance criteria and workload criteria, such as delay reduction and conflict avoidance. Operational test results show that the algorithm determines an efficient arrival plan to land aircraft in a manner acceptable to the air traffic controllers. This paper details the scheduling algorithm and presents data regarding its effectiveness in predicting the landing order of arrival aircraft.
Ischemic ventricular arrhythmias during heart failure: a canine model to replicate clinical events.

BACKGROUND Development of experimental animal models has played an invaluable role in understanding the mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new canine model of myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, and ischemic ventricular arrhythmias in an attempt to replicate clinical conditions. METHODS Thirty-six mongrel dogs underwent placement of a permanent ventricular pacemaker and induction of an anterior MI by percutaneous transcatheter embolization of polyvinyl foam particles into the left anterior descending coronary artery (just distal to the first septal branch). After a 2-week recovery period, heart failure was induced by continuous rapid ventricular pacing at 200 to 240 ppm for 3 weeks. Transient (4-minute) myocardial ischemia was induced via balloon occlusion of the proximal left circumflex coronary artery. Echocardiographic and electrophysiologic testing was performed before MI creation and repeated prior to acute ischemia induction. RESULTS Seven dogs (19%) died within several hours of MI creation. All surviving dogs developed severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Significant increases in the intraatrial and intraventricular conduction intervals were observed following MI creation and heart failure induction compared with baseline values, as evidenced by increases in the duration of the P wave and QRS complex. Significant increases in corrected QT interval and ventricular refractoriness were observed. Acute transient ischemia induced sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation in 21 of 29 dogs (72%). CONCLUSION This canine model can serve as a useful tool for studying ventricular arrhythmias during the interactions of healed infarction, heart failure, increased sympathetic tone, and myocardial ischemia.
Differences in spatial distribution, morphology, and communities of herbivorous insects among three cytotypes of Solidago altissima (Asteraceae).

 Premise of the Study: Polyploidy in plants can result in genetic isolation, ecological differences among cytotypes, and, ultimately, speciation. Cytotypes should be sympatric only if they are segregated in an ecological niche or through prezygotic isolation. We tested whether sympatric diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid ramets of Solidago altissima L. (Asteraceae) differ in their ecological niche.  Methods: We measured how cytotypes were distributed within habitats, their morphology, and the composition of their communities of herbivorous insects at 10 natural fi eld sites. We also conducted a common garden experiment to confi rm whether observed differences in morphology or communities of herbivores were due to cytotype or environmental effects.  Key Results: Diploid ramets often grew in open areas, relatively far from woody plants, and were associated with a high species richness of herbaceous plants, especially grasses. Hexaploids often grew in heavy shading under woody plants where grasses were scarce. Finally, tetraploids usually grew in transition areas between diploids and hexaploids. Hexaploid ramets also were taller than ramets of the other cytotypes and had larger leaves. Two species of insects, the leaf-galling fl y Asteromyia carbonifera and the phloem-tapping aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum , were more abundant on hexaploid ramets than on ramets of other cytotypes in the fi eld. When grown in a common garden, however, cytotypes were similar in morphology and communities of herbivores.  Conclusions: We conclude that cytotypes of S. altissima differ in their spatial distribution within habitats and that spatial variation in environmental factors infl uence plant morphology and communities of herbivorous insects.
Identification of a Flynn Effect in the NLSY: Moving from the center to the boundaries

Abstract The Flynn Effect [Flynn, J.R. (1984). The mean IQ of Americans: Massive gains 1932 to 1978. Psychological Bulletin 95, 29–51.] is an increase in IQ of around .33 points per year, observed in developed (and some developing) countries during the past century. It emerges from problem solving and other non-verbal components of IQ. The cause has been argued and theories proposed. Rodgers [Rodgers, J.L. (1998). A critique of the Flynn Effect: Massive IQ gains, methodological artifacts, or both? Intelligence 26, 337–356.] noted that the search for causes has preceded specification of the nature of the effect. Our study uses a national sample of U.S. children to test for the Flynn Effect in PIAT-Math, PIAT-Reading Recognition, PIAT-Reading Comprehension, Digit Span, and PPVT. An effect of the predicted magnitude was observed for PIAT-Math when maternal IQ was controlled. This finding in a large representative sample with thousands of variables supports more careful evaluation of the Flynn Effect, in demographic, geographic, environmental, and biological domains.
A language for modeling agents' decision making processes in games

Multi-agent systems that use game-theoretic analysis for decision making traditionally take a normative approach, in which agents' decisions are derived rationally from the game description. This approach is insufficient to capture the decision making processes of real-life agents. Such agents may be partially irrational, they may use models other than the real world to make decisions, and they may be uncertain about their opponents' decision making processes. We present Networks of Influence Diagrams (NIDs), a language for descriptive decision and game theory that is based on graphical models. NIDs provide a framework for computing optimal decisions for agents that operate in an environment characterized by uncertainty, not only over states of knowledge but also over game mechanics and others' decision processes. NIDs allow the modeling of situations in which an agent has an incorrect model of the way the world works, or in which a modeler has uncertainty about the agent's model. One can also recursively model agents' uncertain beliefs about other agents' decision making models. We present an algorithm that computes the actions of agents under the assumption that they are rational with respect to their own model, but not necessarily with respect to the real world. Applications of our language include determining the cost to an agent of using an incorrect model, opponent modeling in games, and modeling bounded rationality.
Defect characterization and classification for web materials

The authors describe a development environment for the design and testing of algorithms for automated defect classification in web materials. The environment includes four subsystems: detection, characterization, feature analysis, and classification. A subsystem consists of a number of algorithms from which a specific algorithm is chosen based on the classification objectives. The subsystems are interconnected using direct and feedback loops. The feedback loops are used when evaluating the performance of algorithms in previous subsystems. An example of defect classification is given, including discussion of the results and specific algorithms used by the characterization, feature analysis, and classification subsystems. >
Suppression of water and other noncoupled spins by homonuclear polarization transfer in magnetic resonance imaging.

The water component of an NMR image is suppressed by selectively detecting only those protons which are coupled to other protons. Selectivity is obtained by polarization transfer between the coupled spins. Since spin-spin coupling is independent of magnetic field strength, the suppression obtainable by polarization transfer is independent of chemical shift. Consequently, this technique does not require extremely homogeneous magnetic field for the separation of water and lipid signals. In addition, water suppression by this technique is independent of T1 and T2. Suppression of the water signal intensity has been observed experimentally to be as high as a factor of 100. Suppression is limited only by instrumental imperfections. © 1986 Academic Press, Inc.
Cloning and Characterization of an Esophageal-Gland-Specific Chorismate Mutase from the Phytoparasitic Nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Root-knot nematodes are obligate plant parasites that alter plant cell growth and development by inducing the formation of giant feeder cells. It is thought that nematodes inject secretions from th...
Placental HSD2 Expression and Activity Is Unaffected by Maternal Protein Consumption or Gender in C57BL/6 Mice

The placenta acts as a physiological barrier, preventing the transfer of maternal glucocorticoids to the developing fetus. This is accomplished via the oxidation, and subsequent inactivation, of endogenous glucocorticoids by the 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme (HSD2). Maternal protein restriction during pregnancy has been shown to result in a decrease in placental HSD2 expression and fetal glucocorticoid overexposure, especially late in gestation, resulting in low birth weight and “fetal programming” of the offspring. This dietary intervention impairs fetal growth and cardiovascular function in adult C57BL/6 offspring, but the impact on placental HSD2 has not been defined. The goal of the current study was to examine the effects of a maternal low-protein diet (18% versus 9% protein) on placental HSD2 gene expression and enzyme activity in mice during late gestation. In contrast to previous studies in rats, a maternal low-protein diet did not affect HSD2 protein or enzyme activity levels in the placentas of C57BL/6 mice and this was irrespective of the gender of the offspring. These data suggest that the effects of maternal protein restriction on adult phenotypes in C57BL/6 mice depend upon a mechanism that may be independent of placental HSD2 or possibly occurs earlier in gestation.
Relations between the Big Five personality traits and dispositional coping in Korean Americans: Acculturation as a moderating factor

The current study examined the individual and joint effects of the Big Five personality traits and acculturation on coping styles. Using the proposed framework of McCrae (2001), the relations among these variables were evaluated at the intracultural level to exploit previously unexplored within‐culture variability for an unstudied Asian American group (Korean Americans). This approach emphasizes the unique expression of specific personality traits in a single culture. A community sample of Korean Americans completed measures of the Five‐Factor Model of Personality (NEO‐PI‐R; Costa & McCrae, 1992), coping (Brief COPE; Carver, 1997), and acculturation (SL‐ASIA; Suinn, Ahuna, & Khoo, 1992). The results primarily showed statistically significant relations between the Big Five personality traits and coping. Neuroticism was positively related to indices of emotion‐focused coping (emotional support) and avoidance (substance abuse, behavioural disengagement, venting, self‐blame); Extraversion, Conscientiousness, ...
Sorption of the antibiotic ofloxacin to mesoporous and nonporous alumina and silica.

Mesoporous and nonporous SiO2 and Al2O3 adsorbents were reacted with the fluoroquinolone carboxylic acid ofloxacin over a range of pH values (2–10) and initial concentrations (0.03–8 mM) to investigate the effects of adsorbent type and intraparticle mesopores on adsorption/desorption. Maximum ofloxacin adsorption to SiO 2 surfaces occurs slightly below the pKa2 (pH 8.28) of the antibiotic and sorption diminishes rapidly at pH > pKa2 .F or Al2O3, maximum sorption is observed at pH values slightly higher than the adsorbent’s point of zero net charge (p.z.n.c.) and less than midway between the pKa values of ofloxacin. The effects of pH on adsorption and ATR–FTIR spectra suggest that the zwitterionic compound adsorbs to SiO2 solids through the protonated N4 in the piperazinyl group and, possibly, a cation bridge; whereas the antibiotic sorbs to Al 2O3 solids through the ketone and carboxylate functional groups via a ligand exchange mechanism. Sorption edge and isotherm experiments show that ofloxacin exhibits a higher affinity for mesoporous SiO 2 and nonporous Al2O3, relative to their counterparts. It is hypothesized that decreased ofloxacin sorption to mesoporous Al 2O3 occurs due to electrostatic repulsion within pore confines. In contrast, it appears that the environment within SiO 2 mesopores promotes sorption by inducing formation of ofloxacin–Ca complexes, thus increasing electrostatic attraction to SiO 2 surfaces.
Drowsiness control center by photoplythesmogram

Daytime drowsiness and fatigue lead to decreased driving reliability, lower working efficiency and fatal accidents. According to recent research, heart rate variability (HRV) can be robustly calculated from the photoplethysmogram (PPG) to indicate parasympathetic nervous activity and classify drowsiness level. In this paper, a low power wireless PPG sensor has been designed. N-back M-pitch, a working memory cognitive test has been used to correlate HRV, extracted from the new sensor, with mental fatigue, indicated by lower accuracy in the test. Signal processing algorithms have been designed, which are being implemented into real time software running on Intel Tunnel Creek Atom board, to function as the drowsiness control center.
Trauma Exposure and Sexual Revictimization Risk Comparisons Across Single, Multiple Incident, and Multiple Perpetrator Victimizations

Although research demonstrates a link between child sexual abuse and sexual revictimization in adolescence or adulthood, less is known about specific mechanisms that increase women’s vulnerability to reassault. This study examined experiential and outcome differences between survivors of a single assault, survivors of ongoing abuse by a single perpetrator, and survivors of multiple assaults by different offenders. Multiply victimized women differed from survivors of a single assault or of ongoing abuse on psychological distress, health, and nonsexual trauma variables. Revictimization by new perpetrators was predicted by an earlier age during a first sexual assault and by nonsexual trauma in childhood.
Effects on Funding Equity of the Arizona Tax Credit Law

This article examines the results from the first year (1998) of the Arizona Education Tax Credit program. The tax credit law allows individuals a dollar- for-dollar tax credit of $500 for donations to private schools and a dollar-for-dollar tax credit of $200 for donations to public schools. Although one justification for this statute was that it would help lower income students, the primary beneficiaries of this program tend to be the relatively well off. The author concludes that Arizona's tax credit law increases educational funding inequity in Arizona. Data for 1999, only recently made available, show a 159.1 percent increase in total contributions and an exacerbation of the trends noted here.
Design of a quiet-comfort headboard

This paper presents the design of quiet-comfort headboard that uses an active noise control (ANC) system to reduce low-frequency environmental and snoring noises, thus enables the consumers to sleep in a serene environment. The ANC system uses adaptive feedback ANC algorithm with error microphones and loudspeakers mounted on the headboard. MATLAB simulations using the measured transfer functions from the experimental setup are used for designing adaptive algorithm. Real-time experiments using a floating-point digital signal processor demonstrate the designed headboard is effective for reducing snore and other undesired noises.
Persistence of Leukemia-Initiating Cells in a Conditional Knockin Model of an Imatinib-Responsive Myeloproliferative Disorder

Summary Despite remarkable responses to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, CML patients are rarely cured by this therapy perhaps due to imatinib refractoriness of leukemia-initiating cells (LICs). Evidence for this is limited because of poor engraftment of human CML-LICs in NOD-SCID mice and nonphysiologic expression of oncogenes in retroviral transduction mouse models. To address these challenges, we generated mice bearing conditional knockin alleles of two human oncogenes: HIP1/PDGFβR (H/P) and AML1-ETO (A/E). Unlike retroviral transduction, physiologic expression of H/P or A/E individually failed to induce disease, but coexpression of both H/P and A/E led to rapid onset of a fully penetrant, myeloproliferative disorder, indicating cooperativity between these two alleles. Although imatinib dramatically decreased disease burden, LICs persisted, demonstrating imatinib refractoriness of LICs.
Faking "turn-ons" and "turn-offs". The effects of competitory covert imagery on penile tumescence responses to diverse extrinsic sexual stimulus materials.

This report describes a single-case study of the differential effects of neutral, moderately aversive, or highly aversive covert images used in covert sensitization on physiological arousal to homosexual stimuli in a bisexual male. During the experiment, data became confounded after it was revealed that the patient had begun using aversive scenes from treatment sessions to block his sexual arousal in assessment sessions. Subsequent investigation determined that this patient could block sexual arousal to extrinsic stimuli presented in laboratory assessment by covertly attending to neutral or aversive stimuli. He could attain sexual arousal with 90% or greater erection in the presence of sexually neutral stimuli by covertly attending to sexually evocative imagery. Implications for treatment and assessment of sexual deviation are discussed.
Market Data Dissemination Policies: What is Important?

Even though the market data has a vital importance for the price discovery and the risk management for the aggregators and algorithms as well as for exchanges as an additional income source, the economics of data dissemination is quite new. This first academic attempt to understand the market data policies compares approaches to market data in selected exchanges (namely NASDAQ OMX, London Stock Exchange-LSE, Deutsche Borse, BOVESPA, Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing-HKEx, Russian Trading System-RTS, Warsaw Stock Exchange-RTS, SIX Swiss Stock Exchange) to address the important components. The results show that in order to improve the market data revenues exchanges should have standard data dissemination policies based on product and price discrimination incorporating various types of counting the data as well as separate strategic approaches to reference, non-display and derived data.
Preface to Symposium on Teaching Business Ethics

This work is a preface to a symposium issue regarding current developments in the inclusion of ethics within the Business Law discipline. Abstracts of each article are included detailing arguments and recommendations for inclusion of theory, practice and interdisciplinary teaching and research in the field of business ethics.
An Investigation of the Robustness of Physical and Numerical Vanishing Interfacial Tension Experimentation in Determining CO2 + Crude Oil Minimum Miscibility Pressure

Different experimental and theoretical methods are used for predicting the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of complex CO2
The role of qualitative knowledge in the formulation of compartmental models

Compartmental modeling is an approach to dynamic systems analysis that has proven useful in enhancing the understanding of biological and ecological systems. The compartmental approach emphasizes model conceptualization and is especially appropriate in applications in which quantitative behavioral data are difficult or expensive to obtain and in which qualitative understanding is the primary goal. In these applications, models are often developed by interdisciplinary teams. Domain experts contribute their understanding of component behaviors and interactions, while systems engineers guide the modeling process and insure the rigor of subsequent model-based analyses. The success of these applications clearly demands efficient and effective methods for transferring qualitative knowledge across disciplinary boundaries. The paper examines the expanded roles of knowledge acquisition, verification, and interpretation in the formulation of compartmental models. The objective is to illustrate that knowledge engineering, as currently practiced in the development of expert systems, is an essential ingredient in the compartmental approach to dynamic systems.
The mating system of Liatris helleri (Asteraceae), a threatened plant species

Multilocus outcrossing rates were estimated for seven populations of Liatris hellen, a rare insect-pollinated composite. The mean multilocus outcrossing rate was 0.97 (SE = 0.02). None of the populations examined had multilocus outcrossing rates that differed significantly from 1.00, suggesting that the species is self-incompatible. Seed set was insignificant for 770 bagged floral heads, lending further support for this view. A small but significant amount of biparental inbreeding was detected in three of the seven populations.
Reflected Shock Tunnel Noise Measurement by Focused Differential Interferometry

A series of experiments is conducted where a quantitative non-intrusive optical technique is used to investigate disturbances in the free-stream of T5, the free-piston driven reflected shock tunnel at Caltech. The optical technique, focused laser differential interferometry (FLDI), measures fluctuations in density. In the test matrix, reservoir enthalpy is varied while the reservoir pressure is held fixed. The results show the perturbations in density are not a strong function of the reservoir enthalpy. During one experiment, exceptional levels of noise were detected; this unique result is attributed to non-ideal operation of the shock tunnel. The data indicate that rms density fluctuations of less than 0.75% are achievable with attention to tunnel cleanliness. In addition, the spectral content of density fluctuation does not change throughout the test time.
TROCHANTERIC BONE GRAFTS IN FOOT AND ANKLE SURGERY

Eighty-five patients who underwent trochanteric bone graft harvest in association with foot and ankle surgery were studied retrospectively by patient questionnaire. The average follow-up was 49 months (range, 14–101 months). Ninety-five percent of the patients expressed satisfaction with the procedure, in that they would choose to accept the trochanteric bone graft again if required to make the choice. However, 31 % of the patients acknowledged some degree of hip discomfort and 4% reported some daily pain.Nineteen of 85 patients (22%) were treated for trochanteric pain. Most patients responded to strengthening/stretching and heat/ice. Four patients (5%) had failed or delayed union of the arthrodesis in which trochanteric bone graft was utilized.The greater trochanter may be considered as an alternative for major bone graft when the iliac bone is not available and when weightbearing is restricted for at least 6 weeks after surgery. As with the use of iliac bone graft, patients should be alerted to the poss...
Escaping the Propositional Prison

Publication de l'echange par e-mail entre P. Humphreys, J. H. Fetzer et P. Dlugos sur le theme de la representation dans la philosophie electronique. Soulevant le probleme de la transformation des activites philosophiques sous l'influence de la communication electronique, en general, et la question de l'approche non-propositionnelle des processus de la pensee, en particulier, l'A. presente sa theorie semiotique de l'esprit inspiree de Peirce et repond aux remarques qui lui sont faites concernant la visualisation graphique des signes symboliques
Model-driven Convergence Service Creation Approach and Key Technologies

Service creation is an important technology for various value-added services provision in NGN.Model driven architecture(MDA) is an advanced software development methodology.In order to enhance the reusability and technical neutral of service logic model,one model-driven convergent service creation approach is presented by applying MDA technology.The key theory and technologies involved are addressed.The method enhances the abstraction level of service development and the reusability of application.
Research on prevalence of hypothyroidism among registered permanent residents living in the severe iodine excess area

Objective To investigate the prevalent and detective rate of hypothyroidism among registered permanent residents living in the severe iodine excess area.Methods Investigation was performed on status of thyroid diseases prevalence both in the severe iodine excess and the normal iodine area.Among those who were suspected to have thyroid diseases,thyroid palpation,B-ultrasonic,epidemiologieal survey,blood serum test for FT_3,FT_4,TSH,TPO-antibody and TG-antibody were performed.Results The calculated iodine intake was 1961μg/d in iodine excess area,16.3 folds compare with the daily iodine intake recommended by WHO.In the same area,67 hypothyroidism patients were found,in a prevalent rate up to 36.2 per 10 000 people,which was 10.6 fold of the controls.Among females,hypothyroidism prevalent rate was 63.4 per 10 000,2.9 fold more than males in severe iodine excess area.Higher prevalent rates were seen among two groups including teenage and 40 to 50 years. The rates of all groups were higher than those in control area.Detective rate of hypothyroidism was up to 5.8% in iodine excess group,remarkably higher than 1.6% in normal iodine areas.Among these patients,22.4% induced by auto-immune thyroiditis,a little lower than the figure of 40.0% in control group,but without statistical significance (P0.05).Conclusions Long-term ingestion of excessive iodine is correlated with increasing prevalence of hypothyroidism in severe iodine excess area.We should reduce daily intake of iodine.
The State of Practice and Use of Digital Collections: The Digital Public Library of America as a platform for research

In 2016, Digital Public Library of America is celebrating the third year of its cultural heritage metadata aggregator service. Since its launch, the DPLA collection has grown to represent over 13 million objects and over 1900 institutions, from small historical societies to large research libraries. With onramps, or hubs, in over 20 states, DPLA is well on its way to complete the coverage map by the end of 2017. As it continues to build this amazing dataset, DPLA is taking the time to examine what lessons are to be learned from this unprecedented resource, as the organization's sustainability is directly tied to how the collection grows, how it measures use, and proving its value to the communities it serves. What does this collection data tell us about the state of bibliographic holdings information, and the knowledge and skills and abilities of those who create records, not just for local use, but for use in other environments and contexts? How well does the metadata perform when it leaves its original context? Working with colleagues at Europeana, DPLA has begun investigating and addressing the problematic issues regarding access and reuse of digital objects in the collective by examining current ways rights are expressed in the metadata, working towards standardization of this information. Ms. Frick will discuss DPLA's rights work, as well as other potential areas of research and DPLA's strategy for future growth.
Angular distributions of N 2 ( 2 σ u ) − 1 photoelectrons including the effects of coupling to the N 2 ( 3 σ g ) − 1 channel

We have performed a fixed-nuclei two-state coupled-channel calculation for the photoionization of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ leading to the ${(2{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{u})}^{\ensuremath{-}1} B^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{u}^{+}$ and ${(3{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{g})}^{\ensuremath{-}1} X^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}^{+}$ states of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}^{+}$, using the Pad\'e-approximant $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{C}$-functional formalism. We have found quantitative agreement with vibrationally unresolved experimental data for the photoelectron asymmetry parameter. Of particular interest is the good agreement of the asymmetry parameter in the ${(2{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{u})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ channel in the photon energy range of 25-35 eV where there are strong channel-coupling effects due to the shape resonance in the ${(3{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{g})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ channel.
Higher‐Order Defeat is Object‐Independent

Higher-order defeat occurs when one loses justification for one's beliefs as a result of receiving evidence that those beliefs resulted from a cognitive malfunction. Several philosophers have identified features of higher-order defeat that distinguish it from familiar types of defeat. If higher-order defeat has these features, they are data an account of rational belief must capture. In this article, I identify a new distinguishing feature of higher-order defeat, and I argue that on its own, and in conjunction with the other distinguishing features, it favors an account of higher-order defeat grounded in non-evidential, ‘state-given reasons’ for belief.
Optimal mode-switching and control synthesis for floating offshore wind turbines

This paper proposes a multi-objective optimal control and switching strategy for floating offshore wind turbines when the wind speed can be approximately predicted. The system is modeled as a hybrid automaton with two modes corresponding to the turbine operation in low- and high-speed wind profiles. The main control objective in the low-speed wind mode is to maximize the total captured power in a finite time horizon, whereas in the high-speed mode, it is desired to regulate the generator torque and speed around predefined rated values even under gust loads. The problem is formulated as a constrained mixed-integer bilinear program in a model predictive control framework. The posed constraints correspond to the electrical/mechanical limitations of the blade actuators and generators. Various practical considerations, such as minimizing the number of switching occurrences and mechanical fatigue prevention, are explicitly considered in the optimization problem. The proposed control method is applied to the dynamical model of a real wind turbine and simulation results are presented.
Controlling the Residual Life Distribution of Parallel Unit Systems Through Workload Adjustment

Complex systems often consist of multiple units that are required to work together in parallel to satisfy a specific engineering objective. As an example, in manufacturing processes, several identical machines may need to operate together to simultaneously fabricate the same products in order to meet the high production demand. This parallel configuration is often designed with some level of redundancy to compensate for unexpected events. In this way, when only a small portion of units fail to operate due to either unexpected machine downtime or scheduled maintenance, the remaining units can still achieve the engineering objective by increasing their workloads up to the designed capacities. However, the workload of a unit apparently impacts the unit's degradation rate as well as its failure time. Specifically, this paper considers the case that a higher workload assignment accelerates the unit's degradation and vice versa. Based on this assumption, we develop a method to actively control the degradation as well as the predicted failure time of each unit by dynamically adjusting its workloads. Our goal is to prevent the overlap of unit failures within a certain time period through taking advantage of the natural redundancy of the parallel structure, which may potentially lead to a better utilization of maintenance resources as well as a consistently ensured system throughput. A numerical study is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method under different scenarios.