cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Holocene climate and glacier variability at Hallet and Greyling Lakes, Chugach Mountains, south-central Alaska

Evidence from lake sediments and glacier forefields from two hydrologically isolated lake basins is used to reconstruct Holocene glacier and climate history at Hallet and Greyling Lakes in the central Chugach Mountains of south-central Alaska. Glacial landform mapping, lichenometry, and equilibrium-line altitude reconstructions, along with changes in sedimentary biogenic-silica content, bulk density, and grain-size distribution indicate a dynamic history of Holocene climate variability. The evidence suggests a warm early Holocene from 10 to 6 ka, followed by the onset of Neoglaciation in the two drainage basins, beginning between 4.5 and 4.0 ka. During the past 2 ka, the glacial landforms and lacustrine sediments from the two valleys record a remarkably similar history of glaciation, with two primary advances, one during the first millennium AD, from ~500 to 800 AD, and the second during the Little Ice Age (LIA) from ~1400 to 1900 AD. During the LIA, the reconstructed equilibrium-line altitude in the region was no more than 83 ± 44 m (n = 21) lower than the modern, which is based on the extent of glaciers during 1978. Differences between the summer temperature inferred from the biogenic-silica content and the evidence for glacial advances and retreats suggest a period of increased winter precipitation from 1300 to 1500 AD, and reduced winter precipitation from 1800 to 1900 AD, likely associated with variability in the strength of the Aleutian Low.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Band-Limited Power Law Spectrums

Power law spectrums are frequently used to model complex nonlinear systems, with their parameters estimated empirically from measured data. This letter derives a maximum likelihood estimator and Cramer-Rao bound for power law spectrums. An empirical study illustrates that the maximum likelihood estimator outperforms traditional Fourier transform based estimators, and achieves the Cramer-Rao bound. A simple correction to the periodogram linear regression is proposed and is shown to nearly match the maximum likelihood estimator's performance.
Time-resolved photocarrier generation in conjugated polymers

We demonstrate ultrafast (100 fs) carrier generation in poly(phenylene vinylene), PPV, and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2- ethyl-hexyloxy)-(phenylene vinylene)], MEH-PPV, by using femtosecond transient spectroscopy in the mid-IR in order to probe the infrared active vibrational active (IRAV) modes. The 10% carrier generation quantum efficiency in MEH-PPV with no electric field applied, implies primary photogeneration of charge carriers. The recombination dynamics in PPV and MEH-PPV indicate that the carrier lifetime is sensitive to the strength of the interchain interaction.
Small-signal modulation of the Pacific HVDC intertie

Recent undamped oscillations in the Western U.S. power system have indicated the need to improve system damping. The development of a control algorithm for small-signal modulation of the Pacific HVDC Intertie is described. The control signal which would be applied to the current regulator at the sending end of the dc intertie is based on rate of change of ac-intertie power. Results from simulation studies are presented which show that modulation will produce considerable damping.
Phase equilibria and chemical potentials in infinite dilution of non-ideal fluid mixtures from perturbation theory

Abstract Shukla, K.P., 1991. Phase equilibria and chemical potentials in infinite dilution of non-ideal fluid mixtures from perturbation theory. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 67: 151-171. A recently developed first-order hard sphere perturbation theory, in combination with the random phase approximation, is applied to calculate phase equilibria and chemical potentials in infinite dilution of several simple binary fluid mixtures. Results are reported for Lennard-Jones mixtures in which the components differ significantly in their molecular size and energy parameters. Detailed comparisons of theoretical predictions with recent simulation results show the perturbation theory to be highly reliable in varying non-ideal conditions.
Modulation of Protein Kinase C-Related Signal Transduction by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Exhibits Cell Cycle Dependence

Abstract The modulation of protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated protein phosphorylation in quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) exhibits a discrete temporal pattern in which early reductions of kinase activity are followed by marked increases in activity. This profile may be accounted for by transcriptional- and/or cell cycle-related effects of TCDD. To test this hypothesis, experiments were conducted to examine the influence of TCDD on PKC activity during different phases of the cell cycle in vascular (aortic) SMCs. Increased PKC activity was observed in the cytosolic and particulate fractions of randomly cycling SMC cultures derived from female rats treated in vivo with 10 μg/kg TCDD relative to corn oil. Treatment of cycling naive SMC cultures with TCDD (0.1 to 1000 n M ) for 0.5 h caused a concentration-dependent increase of particulate PKC activity and no changes in cytosolic counterparts. Extended challenge of SMCs with TCDD for 24 h increased PKC activity in both cellular fractions. Incubation of SMCs with various concentrations of fetal bovine serum for 72 h to differentially regulate cell cycling followed by challenge with 10 n M TCDD for 24 h reduced cytosolic and particulate PKC activity in quiescent cells, but enhanced activity in cycling cells. To determine if this serum-related profile was strictly dependent upon cell cycle-related events, SMCs were synchronized in the G 0 phase and then pulsed with 10 n M TCDD during different phases of the cell cycle. Differential profiles were observed where reduced C-kinase activity occurred during the G 0 /G 1 transition followed by increases during G 1 /S and no changes during S. Western blot analysis confirmed the patterns of PKC activity observed during the G 0 /G 1 and G 1 /S transitions. PKCα, βII, and δ isoforms were reduced during G 0 /G 1 , while only PKCβII and δ were increased during G 1 /S. These data show that modulation of PKC by TCDD in vascular SMCs exhibits cell cycle dependence and isoform specificity.
Effect of monensin on myoblast fusion

Abstract Monensin, at a concentration of 0.5–10 μM, completely (100%) and reversibly inhibits fusion of embryonic chick myoblasts in vitro . At the same time, monensin administration leads to a marked accumulation of glycopeptides inside the cells and a decrease of those secreted into the medium. Chromatography of the intracellularly retained glycopeptides on Con A-Sepharose shows that the increase is most pronounced in the high-mannose fraction. Mild proteolysis of cells labeled with [2-3H]mannose releases less radioactivity from the surface of monensin-treated than from control cells, although the amount of total radioactivity is almost four times higher than in the control cells. Since it has now been established that monensin interferes with the intracellular transport of newly synthesized glycoproteins it is assumed that its inhibitory effect is the result of the inability of glycoprotein(s) essential for myoblast fusion to reach the cell surface.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients with chronic cough.

Study objectives Cough is the most common complaint for which patients in the United States seek medical attention. Although the significant effect of cough on quality of life has been reported, the association of chronic cough with depressive symptomatology has not previously been investigated. Design Prospective, nonrandomized evaluation. Setting Outpatient department of academic medical center. Patients Representative sample of patients presenting to a specialty center seeking evaluation and treatment of chronic cough. Interventions Participants completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), a 20-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure depressive symptomatology and risk for clinical depression, on initial evaluation and again after 3 months. Patients also provided subjective cough scores reflecting the severity of their cough. Measurements and results Of 100 patients undergoing initial evaluation, 53% scored positive (≥ 16) on the CES-D. Mean CES-D score was 18.3 ± 13.2 (± SD). Among 81 subjects followed up at 3 months, mean CES-D score fell to 7.4 ± 10.4, and subjective cough score decreased from 10 to 4.9 ± 3.1. There was a statistically significant improvement in both cough and depression scores after 3 months (p Conclusion Depressive symptomatology is very common in patients with chronic cough. Physicians and other caregivers must be aware of the significant risk of clinical depression in this patient population.
Inclusion Body Disease, A Worldwide Infectious Disease of Boid Snakes: A Review

Abstract A disease called inclusion body disease (IBD) is seen worldwide in snakes that are members of the families Boidae and Pythonidae. Snakes affected by this disease often have neurological signs. A diagnosis is based on light microscopic examination of tissues for the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions that consist of a unique protein that has been termed inclusion body disease protein (IBDP). In some cases, inclusions are found exclusively in the central nervous system, whereas in others they may be diffusely disseminated in multiple tissues. In a few cases, the IBD inclusions have overlapped in appearance with other types of nonviral intracytoplasmic inclusions. The specific etiologic agent of IBD remains unknown. Because the underlying cause of IBD is unknown, recent research has focused on understanding the formation and nature of IBDP. A monoclonal antibody has been developed against IBDP and is currently being used in immunodiagnostic assays to develop a reliable diagnostic test for IBD. This monoclonal antibody is going through rigorous validation testing and will provide more specificity and sensitivity than currently available routine histological diagnostics. Because large numbers of boas and pythons are being bred and sold for the pet trade, better diagnostic tests are needed to help develop IBD-free breeding colonies of these snakes. Further, because IBD is one of the few worldwide diseases of captive snakes, there is concern in many countries (e.g., Australia, where it has been identified in captive pythons) that it will become established in native wild populations. Thus, there is conservation value in developing better diagnostic tools for screening snakes intended for release as part of reintroduction programs.
ONE FIRM, TWO LABOR MARKETS: THE CASE OF McDONALD'S IN THE FAST-FOOD INDUSTRY

Students of industrial sociology have noted theoretical and empirical inadequacies in dual-economy and dual-labor market theories, and have called for revisions in these perspectives. A single case, McDonald's in the fast-food industry, is analyzed as a vehicle towards reformulation. It is argued that, as a center retailer, McDonald's contains elements of both primary and secondary labor markets, and that this dualism is a partial function of its economic structure that contains both core and peripheral elements. The job hierarchies, hiring practices, compensation, training, and control systems all evidence elements of both primary and secondary markets. The external validity of these findings is explored, and implications for dual-economy and dual-labor market theories and research are developed.
In vitro Labeling of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have demonstrated the ability to restore the injured myocardium. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as one of the predominant imaging modalities to assess the restoration of the injured myocardium. Furthermore, ex-vivo labeling agents, such as iron-oxide nanoparticles, have been employed to track and localize the transplanted stem cells. However, this method does not monitor a fundamental cellular biology property regarding the viability of transplanted cells. It has been known that manganese chloride (MnCl(2)) enters the cells via voltage-gated calcium (Ca(2+)) channels when the cells are biologically active, and accumulates intracellularly to generate T(1) shortening effect. Therefore, we suggest that manganese-guided MRI can be useful to monitor cell viability after the transplantation of hESC into the myocardium. In this video, we will show how to label hESC with MnCl(2) and how those cells can be clearly seen by using MRI in vitro. At the same time, biological activity of Ca(2+)-channels will be modulated utilizing both Ca(2+)-channel agonist and antagonist to evaluate concomitant signal changes.
A Stochastic Sensor Selection Scheme for Sequential Hypothesis Testing With Multiple Sensors

We study the problem of binary sequential hypothesis testing using multiple sensors with associated observation costs. An off-line randomized sensor selection strategy, in which a sensor is chosen at every time step with a given probability, is considered. The objective of this work is to find a sequential detection rule and a sensor selection probability vector such that the expected total observation cost is minimized subject to constraints on reliability and sensor usage. First, the sequential probability ratio test is shown to be the optimal sequential detection rule in this framework as well. Efficient algorithms for obtaining the optimal sensor selection probability vector are then derived. In particular, a special class of problems in which the algorithm has complexity that is linear in the number of sensors is identified. An upper bound for the average sensor usage to estimate the error incurred due to Wald’s approximations is also presented. This bound can be used to set a safety margin for guaranteed satisfaction of the constraints on the sensor usage.
Disparate matrimonial: A Bleak Future for an Enlightened Society

(2007). Disparate matrimonial: A Bleak Future for an Enlightened Society. Romance Quarterly: Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 25-30.
Peer relations of youth with pediatric conditions and health risks: promoting social support and healthy lifestyles.

ABSTRACT.Peer relations and close friendships play important roles in youngsters’ emotional development and take on special significance when a child or adolescent has a chronic disease. This article reviews the key ways that peer relations have been examined in youth with chronic pediatric conditio
Parabolic Trough Receiver Thermal Testing

NREL has fabricated a parabolic trough receiver thermal loss test stand to quantify parabolic receiver off-sun steadystate heat loss. At an operating temperature of 400°C, measurements on Solel UVAC2 and Schott PTR70 receivers suggest off-sun thermal losses of approximately 370 W/m receiver length. For comparison, a receiver from the field with hydrogen in its annulus loses approximately 1000 W/m receiver length. The UVAC2 heat loss results agree within measurement uncertainty to previously published data, while the PTR70 results are somewhat higher than previously published data. The sensitivity of several receiver performance parameters is considered and it is concluded that differences in indoor and outdoor testing cannot account for the difference in PTR70 thermal loss results.
Staining yeast cells for electron microscopy by growth in copper-containing nutrient broth.

Copper attaches to the nucleoli and the chromosomes of yeast cells. Lindegren and Zink (1969) showed that lipolated mitochondria contain fat and inferred that fat was an energy source. The present study shows that fat is present in the nucleolus and fat is inferred to be an energy source for nucleolar metabolism. The extrusion of nucleoprotein from the nucleolus into the cytoplasm is demonstrated for the first time by electron microscopy. The copper-stained chromosomes are about 90 a in diameter and tightly packed in the nuclear vacuole.
The Facts and Fictions of Qualitative Inquiry

William Foote Whyte's defense of the methodology used in Street Corner Society is used as an occasion to examine the work of the New Journalists who struggled to redefine the fact-fiction distincti...
Daniel J. Elazar and the Covenant Tradition in Politics

This article assesses the ambitious four-volume study by DanielJ. Elazar on The Covenant Tradition in Politics, which was the central occupation of thefinal decade of his life. The content of the work is an examination from Hebrew antiquity to the American present of the interpenetrating of theological beliefs and political structures. The context of the work is an effort to seek linkages of the American Revolution with both Protestant reformation and scriptural revelation. In this way, Elazar converted the two great national passions of his life and career-the founding of the United States alongfederalist lines and the refounding of Israel as a modern Jewish state-into a unified vision of politics. Even if one grants the imperfection and incompleteness of Elazar's synthesis, the monumental character of the enterprise offers us one of the towering achievements of the twentieth century-one that demands the attention and respect of those working in both normative political theory and empirical religious history.
System-Level Retiming and Pipelining

In this paper, we examine retiming and pipelining in the context of system-level optimization techniques. Our main contributions are: (a) functionally equivalent retiming and delay balancing as necessary techniques for pipelining and retiming system-level graphs while maintaining numerical fidelity, and (b) clock-rate pipelining, as a new technique that leverages the knowledge of multi-rate design spec to pipeline multi-cycle paths. All these techniques have been implemented within HDL Coder, a tool that generates synthesizable HDL code from Simulink® and MATLAB®.
Signalling for increased cytoskeletal actin in neutrophils

Abstract The addition of fMet-Leu-Phe, platelet-activating factor, leukotriene B 4 or sodium propionate to rabbit neutrophils causes an increase in the amount of actin associated with the cytoskeletal actin. The increase is rapid, transient and inhibitable by pertussis toxin. On the other hand, the addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or NH 4 Cl causes a pertussis toxin-insensitive increase in cytoskeletal actin. The effects of the phorbol ester and fMet-Leu-Phe are additive, and in the presence of the phorbol ester, the fMet-Leu-Phe induced effect declines to the level produced by the phorbol ester. These results suggest that: (i) one of the signalling pathways for actin polymerization involves a guanine-nucleotide binding protein; actin polymerization mediated through this pathway is rapid, transient and inhibitable by pertussis toxin, and (ii) a second signalling pathway is independent of this guanine-nucleotide binding protein; actin polymerization, mediated by this second pathway, is somewhat slower, sustained and insensitive to pertussis toxin. These results are discussed in terms of a model which includes gelsolin, profilin and the pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine-nucleotide binding protein.
Longitudinal study of the impact of incident organ manifestations and increased disease activity on work loss among persons with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective—There is increasing evidence of the impact of SLE on employment, but few studies have had sufficient sample size and longitudinal follow-up to estimate the impact of specific manifestations or of increasing disease activity on employment. Methods—Data derive from the UCSF Lupus Outcomes Study, a longitudinal cohort of 1204 persons with SLE sampled between 2002 and 2009. Of the 1204, 484 were working at baseline and had at least one follow-up interview. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate the time between onset of thrombotic, neuropsychiatric, or musculoskeletal manifestations or of increased disease activity and work loss, and Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the risk of work loss associated with the onset of specific manifestations, the number of manifestations, and increased activity, with and without adjustment for sociodemographic, employment, and SLE duration. Results—By four years of follow-up, 57%, 34%, and 38% of those with thrombotic, musculoskeletal, and neuropsychiatric manifestations, respectively, had stopped working as had 42% of those with increased disease activity. On a bivariable basis, the risk of work loss was significantly higher among persons 55–64, and those with increased disease activity and each kind of manifestation. In multivariable analysis, older age, shorter job tenure, thrombotic and musculoskeletal manifestations, greater number of manifestations, and high levels of activity increased the risk of work loss. Conclusions—Incident thrombosis and musculoskeletal manifestations, multiple manifestations, and increased disease activity are associated with the risk of work loss in SLE.
Wolf presence in the ranch of origin: impacts on temperament and physiological responses of beef cattle following a simulated wolf encounter.

This experiment evaluated temperament, vaginal temperature, and plasma cortisol in beef cows from wolf-naive and wolf-experienced origins that were subjected to a simulated wolf encounter. Multiparous, pregnant, nonlactating Angus-crossbreed cows from the Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center located near Burns, OR (CON; n = 50), and from a commercial operation near Council, ID (WLF; n = 50), were used. To date, grey wolves are not present around Burns, OR, and thus CON were naive to wolves. Conversely, wolves are present around Council, ID, and WLF cows were select- ed from a herd that had experienced multiple confirmed wolf-predation episodes from 2008 to 2012. Following a 50-d commingling and adaptation period, CON and WLF cows were ranked by temperament, BW, and BCS and allocated to 5 groups (d 0; 10 CON and 10 WLF cows/group). Groups were individually subjected to the experimental procedures on d 2 (n = 3) and d 3 (n = 2). Before the simulated wolf encounter, cow temperament was assessed and blood samples and vaginal tempera- tures (using intravaginal data loggers) were collected (presimulation assessments). Cows were then sorted by origin, moved to 2 adjacent drylot pens (10 WLF and 10 CON cows/pen), and subjected to a simulated wolf encounter event for 20 min, which consisted of 1) cot- ton plugs saturated with wolf urine attached to the drylot fence, 2) continuous reproduction of wolf howls, and 3) 3 leashed dogs that were walked along the fence perim- eter. Thereafter, WLF and CON cows were commingled and returned to the handling facility for postsimulation assessments, which were conducted immediately after exposure to wolf-urine-saturated cotton plugs, wolf howl reproduction, and 20-s exposure to the 3 dogs while being restrained in a squeeze chute. Chute score, temper- ament score, and plasma cortisol concentration increased (P ≤ 0.01) from pre- to postsimulation assessment in WLF but did not change in CON cows (P ≥ 0.19). Exit velocity decreased (P = 0.01) from pre- to postsimula- tion assessment in CON but did not change (P = 0.79) in WLF cows. In addition, WLF cows had a greater (P = 0.03) increase in temperature from pre- to postsimulation assessments compared with CON cows. In conclusion, the simulated wolf encounter increased excitability and fear-related physiological stress responses in cows that originated from a wolf-experienced herd but not in cows that originated from a wolf-naive herd.
Chiral stationary phases for the gas--liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers

f . 2 Development of optxally actwe stationary phases 2 1 PeptIde phases 2 2 Dlanxde phases 2 3 Urelde phases 3 Separation me.chamsm and structural effects of substrate and chwal stationary phases 4 Apphcatlons 5 summary References
Photoinduced multielectron charge transfer processes in Group 8 - Platinum cyanobridged supramolecular complexes

Abstract Mixed valence compounds have attracted considerable attention because of their capability for photoinduced electron transfer, which has potential applications in energy conversion and photocatalysis. In such applications, the ability to transfer multiple electrons with a single photon is desirable. Symmetric, multinuclear complexes of the form [L(NC) 4 M(II) CN Pt(IV)(NH 3 ) 4 NC M(II)(CN) 4 L] 4− (where M is a Group 8 metal and L is a CN − or a σ-donor ligand) provide for such photoinduced multielectron charge transfer processes. These complexes exhibit intense metal–metal charge transfer (MMCT) bands in the blue portion of the spectrum (350–450 nm). In the case where M=Fe, irradiation into the MMCT band centered at 425 nm produces a net two electron charge transfer with a quantum yield of 0.01. The observed reaction is found to yield only two electron products. Well defined oligomers and polymers of the iron based system can be synthesized either as soluble materials or adherent films on electrode surfaces. The photochemical reactivity and photophysics of these species are found to be a function of molecular geometry. In the case of the polymeric systems, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and network materials can be synthesized, using electrochemical techniques, to control the polymer reactivity sites. Polymer modified electrodes exhibit a photocurrent response which is diagnostic for the photochemistry occurring within the film. The redox potential of the primary photoproducts are found to be very sensitive to the number of bridging cyanide ligands per iron center and thus, to the degree of branching of the polymer. Correctly selected polymer morphologies lead to primary photoproducts on the electrode surface which are capable of oxidizing chloride to chlorine. This chemistry can be used to produce a photochemical energy conversion cycle in which visible light induces the oxidation of halides to energy rich halogens.
IMPLEMENTING FOCUS AT THE POINT OF CARE: IS CARDIAC KNOWLEDGE A NECESSITY?

FOCUS is an ACC quality improvement initiative based on Appropriate Use Criteria. Using it results in reduced inappropriate radionuclide tests ordered, however, little is known about using FOCUS at the point of care. Although it could be used by non-physicians, the association between level of
On the use of 13C13C coupling in establishing intramolecular versus intermolecular CO ligand reaarangement processes in metal carbonyl derivatives

Abstract 13 C 13 C spinspin coupling between axial and equatorial CO ligands in M(CO) 5 L(M = Group VIB metal) derivatives is employed in establishing intramolecular versus intermolecular axialequatorial carbon monoxide ligand exchange pathways.
Preparation and culture of chicken auditory brainstem slices.

The chicken auditory brainstem is a well-established model system that has been widely used to study the anatomy and physiology of auditory processing at discreet periods of development 1-4 as well as mechanisms for temporal coding in the central nervous system 5-7. Here we present a method to prepare chicken auditory brainstem slices that can be used for acute experimental procedures or to culture organotypic slices for long-term experimental manipulations. The chicken auditory brainstem is composed of nucleus angularis, magnocellularis, laminaris and superior olive. These nuclei are responsible for binaural sound processing and single coronal slice preparations preserve the entire circuitry. Ultimately, organotypic slice cultures can provide the opportunity to manipulate several developmental parameters such as synaptic activity, expression of pre and postsynaptic components, expression of aspects controlling excitability and differential gene expression This approach can be used to broaden general knowledge about neural circuit development, refinement and maturation.
Surface modification of interconnected porous scaffolds.

Surface properties of scaffolds play an important role in cell adhesion and growth. Biodegradable poly(- hydroxy acids) have been widely used as scaffolding mate- rials for tissue engineering; however, the lack of functional groups is a limitation. In this work, gelatin was successfully immobilized onto the surface of poly(-hydroxy acids) films and porous scaffolds by a new entrapment process. The surface composition and properties were examined using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spec- troscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and contact angle measurements. Control over the amount of entrapped gelatin was achieved by varying the solvent composition, the duration of soaking, the concentration of gelatin in solution, and chemical crosslinking. The amount of entrapped gelatin increased with the ratio of dioxane/ water in the solvent mixture used. Chemical crosslinking after physical entrapment considerably increased the amount of retained gelatin on the surface of poly(-hydroxy acids). Osteoblasts were cultured on these films and scaf- folds. The surface modification significantly improved cell attachment and proliferation. Cell numbers on the surface- modified films and scaffolds were significantly higher than those on controls 4 h and 1 day after cell seeding. The osteoblasts showed higher proliferation on surface-modified scaffolds than on the control during 4 weeks of in vitro cultivation. More collagen fibers and other cell secretions were deposited on the surface-modified scaffolds than on the control scaffolds. This novel surface treatment strategy provides a convenient and universal way to modify the surface properties of three-dimensional scaffolds and thus promote cell adhesion and proliferation for tissue engineer- ing. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 74A: 84 -91, 2005
Eye contact and the perception of intelligence

The perception of intelligence as a function of nonverbal cues was investigated in college students. Thirty undergraduate psychology majors estimated the GPAs of 20 upper division undergraduates based on their nonverbal behavior during a videotaped, career objectives interview. Significant relationships were found between estimated GPAs and two nonverbal behaviors: duration of eye contact and frequency of eye shifts. These nonverbal behaviors appear to be substantive mediators of the perception of an individual’s intellectual facility during an interview.
Conclusions: Implications for policy reform and policy research

This chapter summarizes the findings from the studies presented in this volume, examines the broader lessons for research on leavers, and identifies next steps for policymakers and researchers.
Motherhood, reasons for living, and suicidality among African American women.

This report examines the protective role of motherhood against suicidal ideation among low-income African American women with a history of suicide attempts. Findings from previous studies examining the relations between family factors and suicide risks are inconsistent in this population, indicating that family could both exacerbate and reduce risks. Research on the link between motherhood-status specifically and suicide risk is rare, but family and child-related concerns have been identified as unique reasons for living associated with reduced risk of suicide attempt. Self-identified African American women (N = 146), ages 18-64, who attempted suicide within the previous 12 months were recruited from a large urban public hospital. A bootstrapping mediation model was tested using motherhood status from the demographics measure as the predictor, the Reasons for Living (RFL) scales as the mediator, and the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale as the outcome. The model accounted for 41% of the variance in suicidal ideation and the indirect effect of RFL was statistically significant. These findings provide empirical support for the hypothesis that motherhood is protective against suicidal ideation among African American women with a history of suicide attempts. Future research should seek to determine how incorporating the protective function of motherhood status in clinical interventions with this high-risk population might help to improve treatment effectiveness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Role of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in the vibrational excitation of molecules by electrons

The role of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in the resonant vibrational excitation of diatomic molecules by electrons is reexamined in the light of a recent paper on the hybrid theory and calculation of $e+{\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ scattering by Chandra and Temkin. It is pointed out that it is not necessary to resort to a nonadiabatic vibrational close-coupling expansion to reproduce the substructure seen in the resonant vibrational excitation cross section of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ by electrons. Finally, comment is made on the reasons for the slow convergence of the vibrational close-coupling treatment from a compound-state point of view of the scattering process.
An EMG-level muscle model for a fast arm movement to target

A model of human muscle action is presented for a maximally fast, large-amplitude forearm movement to target. the inputs to the model are approximately the biceps and triceps EMG envelopes over a single movement. The model's output gives the corresponding displacement angle of the forearm about a fixed elbow position as a function of time. The idea of the model is to conceive of both EMG input drives as successions of millisecond input pulses, with each pulse resulting in a muscle tension twitch. Every twitch is amplitude-scaled, parametrically-shaped, and duration-limited as a function of the muscle's contractile history thus far in the movement. The muscle tension at any time t is the sum of the residual tension levels of all twitches begun before t. The model was developed and tested with special reference to two subjects: one, according to the model dynamics, was a comparatively slow-twitch type, and the other modelled as a fast-twitch type. Good agreement was found between model output and subject response data whenever the subject's EMG's were "synchronous". The model can be used to characterize each subject's responses by a suite of twitch characteristics. This will enable us to check the accepted but now suspect correlation between muscle biopsy-and performance-determined muscle twitch type.
Indomethacin inhibits endothelial cell proliferation by suppressing cell cycle proteins and PRB phosphorylation: a key to its antiangiogenic action?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro, but the mechanism of this action is unclear. Angiogenesis-formation of new capillary vessels-requires endothelial proliferation, migration, and tube formation. It is stimulated by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The cell cycle is regulated positively by cyclins and negatively by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) and the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). Since the effects of NSAIDs on cell cycle-regulatory proteins in endothelial cells remain unknown, we examined the effect of indomethacin on bFGF-stimulated endothelial cell proliferation and on cell cycle regulatory proteins in rat primary aortic endothelial cells (RAEC). Indomethacin significantly inhibited basal and bFGF-stimulated endothelial cell proliferation. This inhibition correlated significantly with reduced cyclin D1 and increased p21 protein expression. Furthermore, indomethacin reduced pRb phosphorylation. These findings suggest that indomethacin arrests endothelial cell proliferation essential for angiogenesis by modulating cell cycle protein levels.
Effects of temperature and injection level on the photovoltage generated at a rhodium to p-silicon contact☆

Abstract A direct comparison between photovoltages generated at low- and high-level injection in 2000 Ω-cm p-type silicon is made by using both a tungsten and a spark light source. The low-level and the high-level photovoltage profiles are very dissimilar at a specimen temperature of 298°K. The photovoltages of the low-level profile are all of the same polarity and of magnitude between 500 and 750 μV. The polarity of the high-level profile changes sign from one end of the sample to the other, with the maximum values occurring at the two rhodium contacts (+16 mV and −17 mV). As the specimen temperature is lowered, the low-level photovoltage profile becomes similar to the high-level profile at 298°K. An explanation of these observations is given based on the following assumptions: (a) the specimen has a small lengthwise concentration gradient; (b) the rate of recombination of hole-electron pairs increases rapidly with temperature; (c) at 298°K, the recombination rate at the rhodium-silicon contacts is orders of magnitude higher than in the bulk semiconductor.
Drug-induced liver disease.

: All cases of diagnosed drug-induced hepatitis were identified in a series of 66,995 hospitalized medical and surgical patients. There were 11 cases which resulted from drugs taken for the first time in hospital and an additional nine cases resulting from drugs taken by patients prior to admission. Liver damage occurred relatively often after the use of antitumor drugs and anabolic steroids, but it was otherwise rare.
Spectral representation of semistable processes, and semistable laws on banach spaces

Abstract We introduce the notion of semistable processes and semistable random measures; and give a characterization of semistable laws on Banach spaces. Using this charcterization, we discuss the existence of semistable random measures, define the stochastic integrals with respect to these measures, and obtain the spectral representations of arbitrary (not necessairly symmetric) semistable and stable processes. In addition, we give a criterion of independence for stochastic integrals.
The female menopause--now and in the millennium: new treatment options for a better quality of life.

Estrogen has traditionally been the only agent effective for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Estrogen's positive effects are often outweighed by negative ones. Newer agents provide safer alternatives that should increase compliance and improve quality of life.
Identification of cis- and trans-Active Factors Regulating Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Gene Expression in Pancreatic β-Cells *

Islet amyloid polypeptide is expressed almost exclusively in pancreatic β- and δ-cells. Here we report that β cell-specific expression of the human islet amyloid polypeptide gene is principally regulated by promoter proximal sequences. The sequences that control tissue-specific expression were mapped between nucleotides −2798 and +450 of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) gene using transgenic mice. To localize the cis-acting elements involved in this response, we examined the effects of mutations within these sequences using transfected islet amyloid polypeptide promoter expression constructs in pancreatic β cell lines. The sequences between −222 and +450 bp were found to be necessary for β cell-specific expression. Linker-scanning mutations of the 5′-promoter proximal region defined several key distinct control elements, including a negative-acting element at −111/−102 base pairs (bp), positive-acting elements like the basic helix-loop-helix-like binding site at −138/−131 bp, and the three A/T-rich, homeobox-like sites at −172/−163, −154/−142, and −91/−84 bp. Mutations within any one of these elements eliminated transcriptional expression by the promoter. Gel mobility shift assays revealed that the PDX-1 homeobox factor, which is required for insulin gene transcription in β cells, interacted specifically at the −154/−142- and −91/−84-bp sites. Since PDX-1 is highly enriched in β and δ cells, these results suggest that this factor plays a principal role in defining islet β cell- and δ cell-specific expression of the IAPP gene.
A dynamic analysis of the joint forces and torques during rising from a chair

A method of calculating the net forces and torques on human joints using inverse dynamics and an 11 segment model of the human body is presented. This method was used to analyze 20 chair-rise trials performed by ten normal adult subjects. Representative force and torque curves are given, and a quantitative comparison of the relative importance of segmental dynamics on joint loads is presented. The results of this study suggest that the effects of segmental dynamics can be neglected for the ankle and knee joints, as they contribute to less than 1% of the total ankle and knee forces and torques. The segmental dynamic contributions to hip forces and torques were less than 10%, which may or may not be acceptable, depending on the need for accuracy in a particular study. For the back and neck joints, segmental dynamics should not be neglected as they were responsible for more than 15% of the total forces and torques on these joints. The effect of ascent speed on segmental dynamics is also addressed by comparing three slow chair-rise trials with three fast chair-rise trials, all performed by one normal adult subject. >
Role of acid lipase in cholesteryl ester accumulation during atherogenesis. Correlation of enzyme activity with acid lipase-containing macrophages in rabbit and human lesions.

Summary Purified acid lipase was previously shown to hydrolyze the artificial substrate, cY-naphthyl palmitate, as well as triglycerides and cholesteryl esters and to form cholesteryl esters. To determine to what extent these activities are associated with acid lipase-containing cells in atherosclerotic plaques, we examined rabbit aortas at different stages of experimental lesion induction and human atherosclerotic arteries. Assays of cholesteryl ester formation, and a-naphthyl palmitate and cholesteryl ester hydrolysis were performed on homogenates of lesions and the hydrolysis of the artificial fatty acid ester was used as a histochemical marker to identify acid lipase positive foam cells in sections of the same lesions. The volume of lesions occupied by cells stained for acid lipase correlated strongly with the enzyme activities of the arterial homogenates. These results suggest that acid lipase-containing cells may mediate the accumulation of cholesteryl ester during atherogenesis. Since acid lipase activity marks macrophages, these methods may be useful for relating macrophage distribution and function to lesion progression, regression, and complication.
A prolonged and exaggerated wound response with elevated ODC activity mimics early tumor development

Induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, in ODC transgenic skin stimulates epidermal proliferation but not hyperplasia, activates underlying stromal cells and promotes skin tumorigenesis following a single subthreshold dose of a carcinogen. Because chronic wounds are a well-recognized risk factor for skin cancer, we investigated the response to a tissue remodeling event in normal skin that is abraded to remove only the epidermal layer in K6/ODC transgenic (follicular ODC expression) and in inducible ODCER transgenic mice (suprabasal ODC expression). When regenerative epidermal hyperplasia was resolved in normal littermates following abrasion, ODC transgenic mice exhibited progressive epidermal hyperplasia with formation of benign tumor growths and maintained an increased epidermal proliferation index and activation of translation-associated proteins at abrasion sites. The epidermal hyperplasia and tumor-like growth was accompanied by activation of underlying stromal cells and prolonged infiltration of inflammatory cells. Treatment with the anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone did not reduce the high proliferative index in the regenerated epidermis but dramatically reduced the epidermal hyperplasia and prevented the wound-induced tumor growths in abraded ODCER skin. Treatment with α-difluoromethylornithine, a specific inhibitor of ODC activity, normalized the wound response in transgenic mice and decreased wound-induced inflammation if administered from the time of abrasion but not if initiated 4 days following abrasion. These results suggest a role for polyamines in prolonging wound-associated inflammation in addition to stimulating proliferation both of which are sufficient to sustain epidermal hyperplasia and benign tumor growth even in the absence of genetic damage.
Satisfaction and Regret after Open Retropubic or Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy

Abstract Background To counsel patients adequately, it is important to understand the variables influencing satisfaction and regret following prostatectomy. Objective To identify independent predictors for satisfaction and regret after radical prostatectomy. Design, setting, and participants Patients who had undergone retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) or robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) between 2000 and 2007 were mailed cross-sectional surveys composed of sociodemographic information, the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC), and questions regarding satisfaction and regret. Measurements Sociodemographic variables, perioperative complications, type of procedure, length of follow-up, and EPIC scores were evaluated as independent predictors of satisfaction and regret in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results and limitations A total of 400 patients responded (response rate 61%) of whom 84% were satisfied and 19% regretted their treatment choice. In multivariate analysis, lower income (odds ratio [OR], 0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03–0.23), shorter follow-up (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41–0.98), having undergone RRP versus RALP (OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 1.90–10.4)], urinary domain scores (OR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.60–4.54), and hormonal domain scores (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.30–3.12) were independently associated with satisfaction ( p ≤0.039). In terms of regret, RALP versus RRP (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.50–6.07), lower urinary domain scores (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37–0.91) and hormonal domain scores (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45–0.98), and years since surgery (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.13–2.36) were again predictive ( p ≤0.041). African American race (OR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.52–8.43) and lower bowel domain scores (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55–0.97) were also independently associated with regret ( p ≤0.028). Conclusions Sociodemographic variables and quality of life were important variables associated with satisfaction and regret. Patients who underwent RALP were more likely to be regretful and dissatisfied, possibly because of higher expectation of an "innovative" procedure. We suggest that urologists carefully portray the risks and benefits of new technologies during preoperative counseling to minimize regret and maximize satisfaction.
Design, implementation, and assessment of clinical debate as an active learning tool in two elective pharmacy courses: Immunizations and Pediatrics

Abstract Objective The purpose of this article is to describe the clinical debates implemented in two elective courses and to discuss the results of a quality improvement assessment of student attitudes regarding the debate. Design Students enrolled in the electives using the debate format were asked to complete a survey regarding their attitudes toward their achievement of the goals of the assignment (e.g., improvement in knowledge of the topic, self-confidence, and literature evaluation skills). Assessment At least 50% of the students surveyed responded positively (i.e., agree or strongly agree) to seven of the 13 objectives measured. Overall, 87% of the students responded positively to the primary outcome of improving knowledge of the topic. Conclusion Overall, the clinical debate was well received by the students surveyed. Due to the successful implementation of the clinical debate in our elective courses, this technique has been adopted by other courses at our institution.