cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A note on the calculation of rotational distortion constants for axially symmetric ZX3Y molecules

Abstract A previous paper on the calculation of rotational distortion constants for some axially symmetric ZX3Y molecules is extended to include molecules in which the interbond angles are not tetrahedral.
Motivational patterns observed in Sixth‐Grade science classrooms

Drawing on theories of student motivation to learn and conceptual change learning in science, this article describes five patterns of student motivation observed in sixth-grade science classrooms: (a) intrinsically motivated to learn science; (b) motivated to learn science; (c) intrinsically motivated but inconsistent; (d) unmotivated and task avoidant; and (e) negatively motivated and task resistant. These motivational patterns were related in theoretically predictable ways with the learning strategies and other behaviors that the students exhibited in the classrooms. The study highlights the value of distinguishing motivation to learn from intrinsic motivation, and of distinguishing general motivational traits from situation-specific motivational states. The study also highlights the importance of considering subject-matter content in classroom motivation. Implications for motivation research and classroom practices are discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In search of trust for newly formed virtual disaster recovery teams

This research explores the potential determinants of trust in newly formed virtual teams to better inform the choice of communication media for virtual disaster recovery groups for whom interpersonal trust is crucial. Using a laboratory experiment, we examine the various ways that communicants view their teammates and themselves as part of the team and find that they are significantly correlated with the level of intra-team trust that is experienced. Specifically, impression formation, public self-awareness, perceived social presence, and self-disclosure are all found to have significant correlations with trust among ad hoc teammates. It is therefore recommended that the design of emergency response communication systems include features to foster these feelings thereby promoting trust among teammates. Our results are applicable to ad hoc emergency teams who interact for a period of time to address relief and recovery efforts after a major disaster or emergency.
Challenges for multinational corporations

Abstract The author presents some thoughts about multinational corporations, traces the evolution of the multinational operations of his organization, and outlines some of the broad challenges ahead for multinational companies.
Incorporating a Malaysian Nation

What value remains in the concept of economic nationalism? As Michael Heilperin defined it in 1960, economic nationalism referred to "the desire to plan the economic life of the country as independently as possible of the condition of the world economy" (19£0:20). Heilperin's analysis echoes back to old battles between mercantilists and the liberal economists, whose arguments over trade and tariffs Eric Hobsbawm has summarized (1990:24-31). The concept of economic nationalism reached a particular florescence after World War I, sufficient to warrant its own volume in publisher H. W. Wilson's 1933 series of "timely topics" called The Reference Shelf (Hodgson 1933). Through the depths of the 1930s depression and the return of substantial tariff barriers, to the import substitution policies followed by many of the postcolonial new nations, the considerable literature concerned with "economic nationalism" describes the shifting alignments of economic and political borders (Burnell 1986; Johnson 1967; Simonds and Emeny 1935). Tracing these debates outlines an international history of the possibilities for social affiliation during the age of nation-states . Economic nationalism takes on a particular importance in a society like
The relative contribution of fluctuations in relative humidity and particulate concentrations to the variability of the scattering coefficient over the North Atlantic

Abstract Measurements of relative humidity, dry aerosol characteristics and the aerosol scattering coefficient in the visible were made in the marine boundary layer of the North Atlantic during a cruise of the USNS Hayes in Ma2-June 1977. An analysis of these measurements showed that fluctuations in the concentration of dry aerosol particles made a greater contribution to the variability of the scattering coefficient than did fluctuations in relative humidity. An aerosol growth curve was inferred from the variation in the scattering coefficient with relative humidity over a 2-h period during which the dry aerosol characteristics were quite constant This curve was found to be in reasonable agreement with the growth curves of large and giant marine aerosol particles obtained by Winkler (1977).
Fotonovelas: Message Creation and Reception

Like the comic book, which is examined elsewhere in this volume-see the articles by Hinds and Tatum-the fotonovela is widely disseminated in certain countries in Latin America, thus making it an appropriate subject for a study of mass culture. Cornelia Butler Flora discusses the production of the fotonovela in Colombia, focusing on the messages it contains and how these messages interact with the readers. She contrasts an independent production system of creating this popular genre with a multinational publication house which primarily reproduces Mexican fotonovelas. Her methodologies-interviews, quantitative and structural content analysis, of the readers' letters, and in-depth interviews-serve as a model to others undertaking research in this and related areas. Her description of the production and producers o f fotonovelas is both informative and interesting, giving the reader an insight into the inner workings of the popular publishing business. Flora concludes that, in general, the independent Colombian producers are more responsive to their readers' comments than the multinational producer. She also raises a disturbing question regarding the accuracy of most studies of mass culture that assume how the reader is interpreting the symbols and the content and that within a particular country the audience is homogeneous in its response.
Long-lived NMR echoes in solids

A new type of long-lived NMR echo in solids with homogeneously broadened dipolar spectra is discussed. The echo can be generated by a simple two-pulse Hahn sequence in solid samples, where dipolar-coupled nuclei have different chemical shifts. We present general considerations and simple theoretical models which explain some features of this phenomenon.
Ultrastructural features of cellular maturation and aging in human trophoblast.

Ultrastructural examination of human trophoblast has shown a characteristic pattern of changes which are attributable to cell maturation and aging. A dense population of free polysomes, multiple extensive Golgi zones, and sparse, apparently nonfunctional, profiles of granular reticulum filled the cytoplasm of cytotrophoblasts in early and term placenta. The free polysomes appeared to attach subsequently to endoplasmic reticulum as the cytotrophoblasts fuse with the syncytium. Rough-coated vesicles apparently derived from the terminals of Golgi lamellae evidenced fusion with granular reticulum. Fixation with an osmium-zinc iodide solution yielded dense precipitates indicative of biosynthetic activity in cisternae of ER and the nuclear envelope and in Golgi lamellae of the syncytium but only in Golgi lamellae of the cytotrophoblasts. Vesicular nuclei which contained dispersed chromatin in cytotrophs contrasted with the notched or irregular nuclei which contained abundant heterochromatin and often lay in closely gathered groups within the syncytium. The prevalence and size of nucleoli was similar in cytotrophoblasts of both early and term placenta. Prevalence remained nearly constant but size decreased after conversion from cyto- to syncytiotrophoblast in early placenta. However, in term syncytium both the prevalence and size of nucleoli decreased markedly. The extensive maturational changes observed in nucleoli in term syncytial cells included loss of most of the channels forming the nucleolonemal pattern, presence of presumed heterochromatin in the few retained channels, and decrease of dense component. Antimonate deposits in large foci in the scarce nucleoli of term syncytiotrophoblast confirmed the morphologic observations that these nucleoli typically possessed a large consolidated focus of pars amorpha.
Preface for Special Issue of Photosynthesis Research “Photosynthetic Water Oxidation”

Oxygenic photosynthesis is vital to the maintenance of heterotrophic, aerobic life on Earth. This process supplies both energy, in the form of carbohydrates, and molecular oxygen. Molecular oxygen is derived from the light-induced oxidation of substrate water molecules. Photosynthetic oxygen production takes place within the Photosystem II (PSII) complex, a collection of proteins, pigments, and inorganic metal ions, which function together to oxidize water and release molecular oxygen to the atmosphere. One-electron transfer reactions in the chlorophyll-containing photosystem II reaction center are coupled to the four-electron oxidation of water in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). The OEC contains a tetramanganese-calcium cluster (Mn cluster) (Fig. 1A), and chloride plays an important role in facilitating catalysis. Four successive photooxidations are required for the splitting of two water molecules to produce molecular
Political and Economic Influences in Japan’s Relations with China since 1978

Political and economic relations are inextricably intertwined. This axiomatic proposition represents a core concern in international political economy1 and provides a useful basis from which to examine the nature and structure of China’s economic relationship with Japan. Since the conclusion of the Long-Term Trade Agreement (LTTA) in 1978, Sino-Japanese economic relations have expanded rapidly, from a value of $5 billion to a high of $18.8 billion in 1985, greatly exceeding expectations on both sides. Sino-Japanese relations are now characterised by an intricate interplay of political and economic considerations. Japan’s initial euphoria over the China market has been replaced by more sober attitudes. The Chinese, on the other hand, are increasingly fearful of economic dependence on Japan. China lists trade imbalances, Japanese restrictions on technology transfer and lack of Japanese investment as major problems in Sino-Japanese economic relations. Together with China’s perceived economic dependence on Japan, these problems remain as pressing public policy issues for the PRC. The trade between the two countries makes up approximately 20 per cent of China’s foreign trade but less than 3 per cent of Japan’s. Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) in China is only US $1.7 billion, or 1.2 per cent of Japan’s world-wide aggregate FDI in 1987. Today, two of the most salient tasks of China’s foreign economic policy remain contradictory: to diminish trade dependence on Japan and, at the same time, to increase Japanese investment in China.
Validation of [57Co]cyanocobalamin as an extracellular fluid marker and measurement of albumin exclusion from the interstitium in the rabbit.

Abstract The use of [ 57 Co]cyanocobalamin as an extracellular marker has been validated. Its simultaneous use with 51 Cr-labeled erythrocytes and 125 I-human serum albumin allows quantitative measurement of tissue water and the fractional exclusion of albumin from the interstitial compartment. The extravascular extracellular spaces of rabbit tissue are lung, 32 ± 4%; heart, 25 ± 2%; gut, 24 ± 4%; and muscle, 13 ± 1%. The fractional excluded albumin spaces are lung, 0.78 ± 0.05; heart, 0.37 ± 0.03; gut, 0.69 ± 0.05; and muscle 0.58 ± 0.03. The oversimplification that the extravascular extracellular space is a homogeneous region defined by a small tracer molecule and has the composition of lymph must be reconsidered. Albumin has a vastly different distribution in the interstitial spaces of different organs. Use of the three tracers reported here allows efficient measurement of blood volume, interstitial space, and interstitial albumin exclusion in whole tissues and organs, and thus can lead to further understanding of the in vivo changes occurring in various physiologic and disease states.
The LSP/SNI test facility

Vendors who are implementing the Standard Network Interconnection (SNI) protocols for computer to computer communications can now test their implementation against the LSP/SNI Test Facility, which has been developed by the Library of Congress. The facility is intended to verify the correct functioning of the SNI protocols for the Open System Interconnection (OSI) layers. The development and use of the Test Facility are discussed.
Health Insurance for Low-Income, Working Families: Impact on the Delivery of Immunizations to Preschool Children ♦ 569

Background. Out-of-pocket cost for immunization is a cause for referral to public health clinics and is associated with delayed immunization. In 1991, New York State started an insurance program, Child Health Plus(CHPlus), that covered ambulatory care and immunization services for children of families earning less than 222% of the poverty level. Objective. To determine the impact of CHPlus on immunization delivery. Settings. All area primary care practices (n=164) and public health clinics (n=6). Subjects. Children (n=1,730), age less than six years, who enrolled in CHPlus. Design. Retrospective cohort study, using a before-and-after design to compare the year immediately prior to joining CHPlus to the initial year on CHPlus. A mixed model analysis of variance was used to control for the effects of age. Measures. Number of immunization visits to public health clinics and to primary care providers; series-complete coverage; and days of delay in immunization.
Monogamy in Mammals: Expanding the Perspective on Hylobatid Mating Systems

The words monogamous and pair-bonded are widely used in the literature, yet the lack of agreement on a definition has generated misunderstanding and ambiguity. Wittenberger and Tilson (1980: 198) define a monogamous mating system as “a prolonged association and essentially exclusive mating relationship between one male and one female” (see also Komers and Brotherton 1997; Kappeler and van Schaik 2002). Several terms have been offered to better identify the specific characteristics of “monogamous groups” (Fuentes 1999; Fuentes 2000; Sommer and Reichard 2000; Kappeler and van Schaik 2002). Data presented in this review reveal that EPPs are widespread across purportedly monogamous species, and that in many species there is a high degree of individual behavioral plasticity. An overly strict definition of monogamy, therefore, while correct from a formal point of view, presents the same practical inconveniences that it was meant to solve: restricting the term monogamous (or pair-bonded) to lifelong genetically exclusive relationships rules out the great majority of species. Moreover, alternative terms such as primarily two-adult group (Fuentes 1999) do not remove subjectivity, since the point of the matter is how much flexibility, if any, is allowed, when we are considering how often extrapair individuals co-reside in the group or are involved in sexual interactions. Tolerating sporadic EPCs in a monogamous mating system seems more practical than conforming to an excessively stringent definition that applies to very few mammal (or bird) species. In any case, a basic distinction that should always be made explicit is that between social monogamy (or a monogamous social system: an adult male and female sharing a territory), genetic monogamy (an adult male and female sharing parentage of all offspring), and sexual monogamy (or a monogamous mating system: an adult male and female mating exclusively) (Kappeler and van Schaik 2002).
WHAT YOU ALWAYS WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT MYOPIA-BUT NEVER DARED TO ASK*

For the past 25 years it has been possible to measure ail of the major elements that contribute to the total refractive state of the eye. Measurements of the elements of refraction on large numbers of people have contributed to our understanding of myopia. The refractive state of the eye is not normally distributed, the frequency distribution being leptokurtic, negatively skewed, and demonstrating an irregularity (hump) in the myopic tail of the curve. Analysis of the distribution curves show that there is some correlation between some pairs of elements, and that the distribution curve for axial length Is ieptokurtic and skewed. The best explanation for the observed deviations from normality of the curves is that there are two populations — one of subjects whose eyes grow relatively slowly and whose axial growth is compensated by growth of other elements; the other population consisting of subjects whose eyes grew at a more rapid rate during childhood. Although the cause of this rapid growth is not known, current research is tending to suggest that febrile disease or collagen disease may be involved — for some subjects at least. The next breaklhrough in our understanding of myopia will likely come from clinical research in which the elements of refraction are measured and considered In the light of the subject's visual and general health history.
An Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use Comparison of Lesbian, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Undergraduate Women

Background: Little research has focused specifically on alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use of lesbian and bisexual women in general or the college subgroup specifically. Previous research shows sexual minority women at increased risk when compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to compare ATOD use of lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual undergraduate college women. Methods: A secondary analysis of three fall semesters (2009–2011) of American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA-II) data was conducted. Women who self-identified as gay/lesbian (N = 538), bisexual (N = 1579), and heterosexual (N = 40,869) were compared on ATOD use. Chi-square Tests were used to analyze differences between the groups and logistic regression determined odds ratios of ATOD use. Results: Bisexual women had greater odds of using alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana than heterosexual women and lesbians. They also had greater odds of using ...
Melatonin reverses the profibrillogenic activity of apolipoprotein E4 on the alzheimer amyloid Aβ peptidet

Inheritance of apoE4 is a strong risk factor for the development of late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several lines of evidence suggest that apoE4 binds to the Alzheimer Abeta protein and, under certain experimental conditions, promotes formation of beta-sheet structures and amyloid fibrils. Deposition of amyloid fibrils is a critical step in the development of AD. We report here that addition of melatonin to Abeta in the presence of apoE resulted in a potent isoform-specific inhibition of fibril formation, the extent of which was far greater than that of the inhibition produced by melatonin alone. This effect was structure-dependent and unrelated to the antioxidant properties of melatonin, since it could be reproduced neither with the structurally related indole N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine nor with the antioxidants ascorbate, alpha-tocophenol, and PBN. The enhanced inhibitory effects of melatonin and apoE were lost when bovine serum albumin was substituted for apoE. In addition, Abeta in combination with apoE was highly neurotoxic (apoE4 > apoE3) to neuronal cells in culture, and this activity was also prevented by melatonin. These findings suggest that reductions in brain melatonin, which occur during aging, may contribute to a proamyloidogenic microenvironment in the aging brain.
Transfusion in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting is Associated with Reduced Long-Term Survival

Background Perioperative red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion has been associated with early risk for morbid outcomes, but risk related to long-term survival has not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, we examined the influence of PRBC transfusion and component therapy on long-term survival after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting after controlling for the effect of demographics, comorbidities, operative factors, and the early hazard for death. Methods The US Social Security Death Index was used to ascertain survival status for 10,289 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting from January 1, 1995 through June 28, 2002. The outcome measure was all-cause mortality during the follow-up period. Unadjusted survival estimates were performed using the Kaplan-Meier techniques. Survival curves for transfusion status were compared with the log-rank test. The parametric decomposition model was used for risk-adjusted survival. A balancing score was calculated for each patient and forced into the final model. Results Survival among transfused patients was significantly reduced as compared with nontransfused patients. The instantaneous risk of death displayed a biphasic pattern: a declining hazard phase from the time of the operation (early hazard) up until 6 months postoperatively and then a late hazard that continued out until about 10 years. Transfusion of red cells was associated with a risk-adjusted reduction in survival for both the early (0.34 ± 0.02, p 0.0001) and late phases (0.074 ± 0.016, p 0.0001). Conclusions Perioperative PRBC transfusion is associated with adverse long-term sequela in isolated CABG. Attention should be directed toward blood conservation methods and a more judicious use of PRBC.
Phosphorylation sites required for regulation of cardiac calcium channels in the fight-or-flight response

L-type Ca2+ currents conducted by CaV1.2 channels initiate excitation–contraction coupling in the heart. Their activity is increased by β-adrenergic/cAMP signaling via phosphorylation by PKA in the fight-or-flight response, but the sites of regulation are unknown. We describe the functional role of phosphorylation of Ser1700 and Thr1704—sites of phosphorylation by PKA and casein kinase II at the interface between the proximal and distal C-terminal regulatory domains. Mutation of both residues to Ala in STAA mice reduced basal L-type Ca2+ currents, due to a small decrease in expression and a substantial decrease in functional activity. The increase in L-type Ca2+ current caused by isoproterenol was markedly reduced at physiological levels of stimulation (3–10 nM). Maximal increases in calcium current at nearly saturating concentrations of isoproterenol (100 nM) were also significantly reduced, but the mutation effects were smaller, suggesting that alternative regulatory mechanisms are engaged at maximal levels of stimulation. The β-adrenergic increase in cell contraction was also diminished. STAA ventricular myocytes exhibited arrhythmic contractions in response to isoproterenol, and up to 20% of STAA cells failed to sustain contractions when stimulated at 1 Hz. STAA mice have reduced exercise capacity, and cardiac hypertrophy is evident at 3 mo. We conclude that phosphorylation of Ser1700 and Thr1704 is essential for regulation of basal activity of CaV1.2 channels and for up-regulation by β-adrenergic signaling at physiological levels of stimulation. Disruption of phosphorylation at those sites leads to impaired cardiac function in vivo, as indicated by reduced exercise capacity and cardiac hypertrophy.
A Theory of Causal Learning in Children: Causal Maps and Bayes Nets.

We propose that children employ specialized cognitive systems that allow them to recover an accurate causal map of the world: an abstract, coherent, learned representation of the causal relations among events. This kind of knowledge can be perspicuously understood in terms of the formalism of directed graphical causal models, or Bayes nets. Children's causal learning and inference may involve computations similar to those for learning causal Bayes nets and for predicting with them. Experimental results suggest that 2- to 4-year-old children construct new causal maps and that their learning is consistent with the Bayes net formalism.
Fiber-Optic Biosensor Employing Alexa-Fluor Conjugated Antibody for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Ground Beef in Four Hours

Fiber optic biosensor has a great potential to meet the need for rapid, sensitive,and real-time microbial detection systems. We developed an antibody-based fiber-opticbiosensor to rapidly detect low levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells in ground beef. Theprinciple of the sensor is a sandwich immunoassay using an antibody which is specific forE. coli O157:H7. A polyclonal antibody was first immobilized on polystyrene fiberwaveguides through a biotin-streptavidin reaction that served as a capture antibody. AnAlexa Fluor 647 dye-labeled antibody to E. coli O157:H7 was used to detect cells andgenerate a specific fluorescent signal, which was acquired by launching a 635 nm laser-lightfrom an Analyte-2000. Fluorescent molecules within several hundred nanometers of thefiber were excited by an evanescent wave, and a portion of the emission light fromfluorescent dye transmitted by the fiber and collected by a photodetector at wavelengths of670 to 710 nm quantitatively. This immunosensor was specific for E. coli O157:H7compared with multiple other foodborne bacteria. In addition, the biosensor was able todetect as low as 103 CFU/ml pure cultured E. coli O157:H7 cells grown in culture broth.Artificially inoculated E. coli O157:H7 at concentration of 1 CFU/ml in ground beef couldbe detected by this method after only 4 hours of enrichment.
The learning experience: A literature review of the role of mobile technology

In this paper, we present key findings from a literature review on the use of mobile phones in learning (m-learning). As mobile technologies have become more widely adopted, society's communication practices have morphed accordingly. The literature review presented here examines the benefits and challenges associated with m-learning. The benefits of m-learning include a blending of formal and informal learning environments that open up new avenues of self service through experiential learning, while facilitating teamwork and community. While these benefits are intriguing, it is important to recognize that m-learning also poses challenges for educators and students alike. We examine educator and student buy-in, interface issues, and cost and infrastructure issues tied to cultural differences that present hurdles to the adoption of m-learning. We close with conclusions and suggestions for future research on m-learning.
Automated time activity classification based on global positioning system (GPS) tracking data

Background Air pollution epidemiological studies are increasingly using global positioning system (GPS) to collect time-location data because they offer continuous tracking, high temporal resolution, and minimum reporting burden for participants. However, substantial uncertainties in the processing and classifying of raw GPS data create challenges for reliably characterizing time activity patterns. We developed and evaluated models to classify people's major time activity patterns from continuous GPS tracking data.
Blinding Trust The Effect of Perceived Group Victimhood on Intergroup Trust

Four studies investigate how perceptions that one's social group has been victimized in society-that is, perceived group victimhood (PGV)-influence intergroup trust. Jewish and politically conservative participants played an economic trust game ostensibly with "partners" from their ingroup and/or a salient outgroup. Across studies, participants dispositionally or primed to be high in PGV revealed greater trust behavior with ingroup than outgroup partners. Control participants and those dispositionally low in PGV did not display such bias. Study 3 revealed, moreover, that high PGV enhanced ingroup trust even after an overt betrayal by an ingroup partner. Results were not explained by fluctuations in group identification, highlighting the novel, independent role of PGV in shaping an important aspect of intergroup relations-that is, trust. Implications of PGV for intergroup relations are discussed.
Religion and Support for Adoption by Same-Sex Couples: The Relative Effects of Religious Tradition, Practices, and Beliefs

This article examines the relative impact of religious factors on Americans’ attitudes toward adoption by same-sex couples. Drawing upon national survey data, we fit logistic regression models and compute standardized logistic regression coefficients to estimate the relative net effects of religious tradition, practices, and beliefs about the Bible on support for same-sex adoption. Findings reveal that religious factors are among the strongest predictors of opposition to same-sex adoption, but that religious tradition has no significant effect on support for same-sex adoption once frequency of religious practice and beliefs about the Bible are held constant. Americans who more frequently engage in practices such as religious service attendance and sacred text reading are less supportive of same-sex adoption, and compared to biblical literalists, those who believe the Bible requires interpretation, contains human error, or is a book of history/legends are all more likely to support same-sex adoption. Findi...
The prevalence, diagnosis, and management of voice disorders in a National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) cohort

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence, presentation, and treatment of voice complaints (VC) using a national cohort of ambulatory care patients and describe how this care conforms to guidelines for the treatment of vocal disorders. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 2005–2007 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) database. Results: Of 87,835 outpatient encounters, 0.26% and 3.2% of total and otolaryngology visits, respectively, were for VC. Patients with a VC were more likely to be female, have a history of asthma and tobacco use, present with acute symptoms, and have been referred to a specialist than those without VC. As recommended in national guidelines, the most common diagnostic procedure was endoscopic laryngoscopy (22%) with few other diagnostic imaging modalities performed (8%). Laryngeal diagnoses were more common than infectious or gastrointestinal diagnoses and were more likely to be chronic in presentation and associated with a diagnostic laryngoscopy evaluation (P = .02, <.001). They were not associated with gender, age, or tobacco use (P = .51, .35, .07). The most common intervention was antireflux medication (27%), with 13% receiving antibiotics, usually from primary care physicians. Only 8% were referred for voice therapy, despite strong national recommendations to consider this intervention for those with voice disorders. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that nationally a significant proportion of diagnostic and treatment plans for patients with VC are consistent with published guidelines. However, physicians from all specialties should be aware of these guidelines to improve care for patients with voice disorders. Laryngoscope, 2011
Nanoparticles Formed by Microbial Metabolism of Metals and Minerals

Microorganisms produce a wide variety of metallo-nanoparticles. These are deposited in the cytoplasm, periplasm, extracellular area, or on the surface of the cell. These nanoparticles may be the result of energy-conserving dissimilatory metal reduction processes, cell-building assimilatory activities, or co-metabolism. This formation of metal or metalloid nanoparticles from soluble cations and anions generally result in the lowering of the concentration of toxic chemicals in the environment. While the reduction of metals and metalloids is observed with growing cultures, the reduction also occurs with bacteria in the stationary growth phase, or with enzymes isolated from bacteria. As the industrial use of metallo-nanoparticles increases, the use of microorganisms is preferred over some of the chemical processes, as they can have a lower impact on the environment. This chapter focuses on the cellular systems, enzymes, and electron transport proteins of microorganisms contributing to the production of metallo-nanoparticles.
Temperature-Dependent Chemical-Specific Emission Rates of Aromatics and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Bitumen Fume

Chemical-specific emission rates for simple aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) from bitumens during hot mix asphalt (HMA) production and placement activities were evaluated using a headspace gas chromatography method. Temperature-dependent headspace concentrations of the EPA listed aromatic and polycyclic aromatic compounds were measured in the laboratory using headspace gas chromatographs equipped with a variety of detectors. The methodology has previously been calibrated and verified by a program of simultaneous laboratory and field tests, and is accurate in identifying field inhalation exposure potential to individual compounds in asphalt fumes. The results indicated that chemical-specific emission rates of aromatic and PAHs are strongly linked to both the performance grade of the asphalt binder and the binder temperature. Individual chemical compounds were quantified for 22 paving grade bitumen sources from throughout the United States. Chemical-specific emission rates from ...
Cortisol response to inoculation in 4-year-old children

This study examined whether there was a cortisol response to inoculation or if pre-inoculation levels were already elevated due to an anticipatory response to going to the doctors' office. For 4-year-old children, a base saliva sample was obtained in the home on a non-stress day, and a pre-inoculation saliva sample was obtained in the doctors' office prior to the stress. Doctors' office pre-inoculation cortisol was higher than home-based cortisol, suggesting the occurrence of an anticipatory cortisol response to the impending stress. Post-inoculation cortisol levels (+20 min) were comparable to home-based cortisol, indicating that there was no cortisol response to the inoculation itself. While there was no mean increase in cortisol, individual differences in cortisol response existed. Cortisol increases were related to important aspects of child behavioral functioning, including internalizing and externalizing behavior ratings.
Nuclear localization of IkappaB alpha is mediated by the second ankyrin repeat: the IkappaB alpha ankyrin repeats define a novel class of cis-acting nuclear import sequences.

The ability of the Ikappa Balpha protein to sequester dimeric NF-kappa B/Rel proteins in the cytoplasm provides an effective mechanism for regulating the potent transcriptional activation properties of NF-kappa B/Rel family members. Ikappa Balpha can also act in the nucleus as a postinduction repressor of NF-kappa B/Rel proteins. The mechanism by which Ikappa Balpha enters the nucleus is not known, as Ikappa Balpha lacks a discernible classical nuclear localization sequence (NLS). We now report that nuclear localization of Ikappa Balpha is mediated by a novel nuclear import sequence within the second ankyrin repeat. Deletion of the second ankyrin repeat or alanine substitution of hydrophobic residues within the second ankyrin repeat disrupts nuclear localization of Ikappa Balpha . Furthermore, a region encompassing the second ankyrin repeat of Ikappa Balpha is able to function as a discrete nuclear import sequence. The presence of a discrete nuclear import sequence in Ikappa Balpha suggests that cytoplasmic sequestration of the NF-kappa B/Rel-Ikappa Balpha complex is a consequence of the mutual masking of the NLS within NF-kappa B/Rel proteins and the import sequence within Ikappa Balpha . Nuclear import may be a conserved property of ankyrin repeat domains (ARDs), as the ARDs from two other ARD-containing proteins, 53BP2 and GABPbeta , are also able to function as nuclear import sequences. We propose that the Ikappa Balpha ankyrin repeats define a novel class of cis-acting nuclear import sequences.
Synchronous Big Data analytics for personalized and remote physical therapy

With gigabit networking becoming economically feasible and widely installed at homes, there are new opportunities to revisit in-home, personalized telehealth services. In this paper, we describe a novel telehealth eldercare service that we developed viz., "PhysicalTherapy-as-a-Service" (PTaaS) that connects a remote physical therapist at a clinic to a senior at home. The service leverages a high-speed, low-latency network connection through an interactive interface built on top of Microsoft Kinect motion sensing capabilities. The interface that is built using user-centered design principles for wellness coaching exercises is essentially a 'Synchronous Big Data' application due to its: (i) high data-in-motion velocity (i.e., peak data rate is ? 400 Mbps), (ii) considerable variety (i.e., measurements include 3D sensing, network health, user opinion surveys and video clips of RGB, skeletal and depth data), and (iii) large volume (i.e., several GB of measurement data for a simple exercise activity). The successful PTaaS delivery through this interface is dependent on the veracity analytics needed for correlation of the real-time Big Data streams within a session, in order to assess exercise balance of the senior without any bias due to network quality effects. Our experiments with PTaaS in an actual testbed involving senior homes in Kansas City with Google Fiber connections and our university clinic demonstrate the network configuration and time synchronization related challenges in order to perform online analytics. Our findings provide insights on how to: (a) enable suitable resource calibration and perform network troubleshooting for high user experience for both the therapist and the senior, and (b) realize a Big Data architecture for PTaaS and other similar personalized healthcare services to be remotely delivered at a large-scale in a reliable, secure and cost-effective manner.
Exotic quantum critical point on the surface of three-dimensional topological insulator

In the last few years a lot of exotic and anomalous topological phases were constructed by proliferating the vortexlike topological defects on the surface of the $3d$ topological insulator (TI) [Fidkowski et al., Phys. Rev. X 3, 041016 (2013); Chen et al., Phys. Rev. B 89, 165132 (2014); Bonderson et al., J. Stat. Mech. (2013) P09016; Wang et al., Phys. Rev. B 88, 115137 (2013); Metlitski et al., Phys. Rev. B 92, 125111 (2015)]. In this work, rather than considering topological phases at the boundary, we will study quantum critical points driven by vortexlike topological defects. In general, we will discuss a $(2+1)d$ quantum phase transition described by the following field theory: $\mathcal{L}=\overline{\ensuremath{\psi}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}({\ensuremath{\partial}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{-}i{a}_{\ensuremath{\mu}})\ensuremath{\psi}+|({\ensuremath{\partial}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{-}ik{a}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}){\ensuremath{\phi}|}^{2}+{r|\ensuremath{\phi}|}^{2}+g{|\ensuremath{\phi}|}^{4}$, with tuning parameter $r$, arbitrary integer $k$, Dirac fermion $\ensuremath{\psi}$, and complex scalar bosonic field $\ensuremath{\phi}$, which both couple to the same $(2+1)d$ dynamical noncompact U(1) gauge field ${a}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$. The physical meaning of these quantities/fields will be explained in the text. Making use of the new duality formalism developed in [Metlitski et al., Phys. Rev. B 93, 245151 (2016); Wang et al., Phys. Rev. X 5, 041031 (2015); Wang et al., Phys. Rev. B 93, 085110 (2016); D. T. Son, Phys. Rev. X 5, 031027 (2015)], we demonstrate that this quantum critical point has a quasi-self-dual nature. And at this quantum critical point, various universal quantities such as the electrical conductivity and scaling dimension of gauge-invariant operators, can be calculated systematically through a $1/{k}^{2}$ expansion, based on the observation that the limit $k\ensuremath{\rightarrow}+\ensuremath{\infty}$ corresponds to an ordinary $3d XY$ transition.
Information Flow, Incentives, and the Optimal Assignment of Responsibilities

In this paper, I study how to best assign responsibilities and design reward structures to take advantage of available information for a two-stage production process. Two alternative assignments compete. One resembles the American style push assignment where the responsibility for initiating production rests with initial stage agent, while the other assignment is similar to the Japanese style pull where initiating production is the responsibility of the final stage agent. I show that the key distinguishing feature between these assignments is the output under the pull allows for inference about quality enhancing activities where output under the push assignment does not. The ability to take advantage of such information to provide incentives for quality enhancement in turn dictates the choice between these two assignments. Based on this, I provide insights into the choice of an optimal assignment and the implications of the choice for product quality, productivity, and process improvement.
Information seeking for instructional planning: An exploratory study

AbstractAlthough the amount and range of educational resources on the Internet is vast, finding appropriate materials for a given instructional situation is often problematic. This research study explored the information-seeking and Internet-searching patterns of prekindergarten through 12th-grade educators as part of the Gateway to Educational Materials project funded by the U.S. Department of Education. Some results indicate that educators tend to search for lesson plans more than other types of instructional resources and use parts of an instructional resource or adapt a resource to their specific situations rather than use the resource “as is.” Some differences in information-seeking patterns among various educator groups were also found.
Volatilization of organotin species from municipal waste deposits: novel species identification and modeling of atmospheric stability.

Organotin compounds are used as pesticides and fungicides as well as additives in plastics. This study identifies the de novo generation of novel volatile organotins in municipal waste deposits and...
Sexual Counseling in Student Health

Student counseling is of particular interest to many counsellors because we feel close to students chronologically and often in fantasy. At times, we eagerly enter and romanticize the events in students’ lives, without tempering our view with a realistic perspective on the particular developmental issues for the student.As students enter adulthood, they are often conflicted. They experience ambivalence regarding identity, autonomy, relationships, and their future life goals. They have reached the point in their lives where they are struggling to separate from primary relationships and to leave home in order to find their own directions and establish their own life-style. They are often unaccustomed to the degree of personal freedom they experience, nor have they had the experience of making decisions for which they must assume final responsibility. The fact that there are no longer authority figures on whom to depend may increase insecurity, although it often brings a welcome relief.
Structural Benefit Transfer Using Bayesian Econometrics

In many instances, applying benefit transfer can be interpreted as an inherently Bayesian process. It typically requires the analyst to form beliefs (priors ) about the values of interest, using evidence from the literature, and then update these beliefs with specific information about the policy site of interest. The analyst’s benefit predictions are then based on this updated summary. Despite this methodological connection, relatively few benefit transfer studies have employed the Bayesian paradigm. In this chapter we describe a Bayesian approach using a structural benefit transfer model, meaning we use prior information and locally available data to estimate the parameters of a defined preference function. We demonstrate the approach through a recreation site choice application, which is based on (a) a prior distribution on marginal WTP for the recreation site attribute of interest (beach width ); (b) a small amount of policy site choice micro data ; and (c) an estimate of the aggregate proportion of times each alternative in the choice set is selected. Based on this experience, we conclude with observations regarding the advantages and challenges associated with the Bayesian approach.
Study on natural vegetation regeneration from over maturity plantation of China fir

The natural vegetation regenation from the over maturity planted China fir forest in Zhangjiajie national forest park was investigated.Results show that the initial vegetation regeneration layer is formed and 55 tree species involved.The vegetation grows well,has high landscape value,but has the uneven distribution and low density.To insure the future forest landscape value,it is suggested to carry out as soon as possible in the aera of forest sanitation,genetic material artifical induction and population competitive mechanism.
Studies on High Voltage Ride through Technologies in Wind Turbines

For the efficient and stable operation of the power system integrated with large scale of wind power,the response of the wind turbine generation system to the voltage swells of the power grid and technical principles of HVRT have gradually become a focus of studies at home and abroad.This paper introduces and interprets the high voltage ride-through(HVRT)concept by analyzing the large-scaled off-grid event,and presents different technical principles based on the current domestic and foreign HVRT standards and the transient process of the wind turbine under the voltage swell.The paper can provide useful reference for the research and application of the high voltage ride through technology for the wind turbine.
The politics of evaluation and the evaluation of politics

A little over 20 years ago, an editor from SAGE contacted several people to ask if the publisher should start a new evaluation journal located in London. Some said, no, there were too many evaluation journals already. I said, yes, we could use another journal, depending on what it did. The existing journals were mostly North American. They were good journals, but they had a particular style and sense of content that excluded many ideas. I had spent time in Britain, Sweden, Norway, and Spain. It seemed to me that some interesting evaluation ideas in those places were unlikely to be published in the existing journals. After 20 years of Evaluation, I believe my assessment was correct. Many quality articles would not have been published. Based on this criterion, the journal has been highly successful. A second beneficial outcome has been that the journal has led to more interdisciplinary and international exchanges. Many authors would have published solely in the journals of their home disciplines, countries, and languages. Mixing ideas can lead to new combinations, some of which may be useful. A third positive outcome has been the furtherance of on-going debates. These debates can (sometimes) clarify issues. I attribute this last feature to an active editor who is unafraid of controversy. To illustrate these claims, I’ll discuss two streams of ideas that would not have received as much attention without the journal. One stream is from Britain and the other from Sweden. I present these ideas drawing on journal history as well as personal reflections.