cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Semantics-Based Approach for Speech Annotation of Images

Associating textual annotations/tags with multimedia content is among the most effective approaches to organize and to support search over digital images and multimedia databases. Despite advances in multimedia analysis, effective tagging remains largely a manual process wherein users add descriptive tags by hand, usually when uploading or browsing the collection, much after the pictures have been taken. This approach, however, is not convenient in all situations or for many applications, e.g., when users would like to publish and share pictures with others in real time. An alternate approach is to instead utilize a speech interface using which users may specify image tags that can be transcribed into textual annotations by employing automated speech recognizers. Such a speech-based approach has all the benefits of human tagging without the cumbersomeness and impracticality typically associated with human tagging in real time. The key challenge in such an approach is the potential low recognition quality of the state-of-the-art recognizers, especially, in noisy environments. In this paper, we explore how semantic knowledge in the form of co-occurrence between image tags can be exploited to boost the quality of speech recognition. We postulate the problem of speech annotation as that of disambiguating among multiple alternatives offered by the recognizer. An empirical evaluation has been conducted over both real speech recognizer's output as well as synthetic data sets. The results demonstrate significant advantages of the proposed approach compared to the recognizer's output under varying conditions.
Focus on Critical Thinking Skills Across The Curriculum

Little progress has been made in educating young people to think holistically, to use both hemispheres of the brain. But to prepare stu dents for the world of the future, educators must awak en their students' critical thinking skills and teach them to question.
Assessing the cost-effectiveness of postmastectomy radiation therapy

Abstract Purpose: To assess the cost-effectiveness of postmastectomy local-regional radiation therapy (RT) for patients with breast cancer with regard to local-regional relapse (LRR) and quality-adjusted life years (QALY). Methods and Materials: Data from the literature are used to estimate the risk of LRR, and the impact of RT on the risk of LRR and survival. The risk of LRR is related linearly to the number of positive axillary nodes [% rate of LRR = 10 + (4 × number of positive nodes)]. RT reduces the risk of LRR by 67%. LRRs are treated with excision or biopsy followed by RT; half being controlled locally and half receiving additional salvage surgery and chemotherapy. Absolute improvements in 10-year overall survival due to RT are assumed to vary between 1 and 12%; and accrue linearly during the initial 10-year follow-up period. Professional and technical charges are used as a surrogate for costs. Money spent and benefits recognized in future years are discounted to 1997 values using a 3% annual rate. Quality factors are used to adjust for treatment, disease, and toxicity status. Results: The cost per LRR prevented with the addition of routine postmastectomy RT is highly dependent upon the number of positive axillary nodes and ranges from $100,000–$200,000 for patients with 0–2 nodes, and $25,000–$75,000 for ≥ 4 nodes. The cost per QALY gained at 10 years is $10,000–$110,000 for survival benefits ≥ 3%. Conclusions: The cost per LRR prevented decreases with increasing numbers of positive axillary nodes. There is not a sharp cutoff at the ≤3 vs. ≥4 lymph node number, suggesting that using this cutoff for recommending or not recommending RT following mastectomy is not economically logical. The cost per QALY of $10,000–$100,000 compares favorably to that of other accepted medical procedures. Modest changes in the quantitative assumptions do not qualitatively alter the results. Concerns regarding costs should not generally preclude the use of postmastectomy RT.
POLSCAT Ku-band Radar Remote Sensing of Terrestrial Snow Cover

Characteristics of the POLSCAT data acquired from five sets of aircraft flights in the winter months of 2006-2008 for the second Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX-II) in Colorado are described in this paper. The data showed the response of the Ku-band radar echoes to snowpack changes for various types of background vegetation in the study site in north central Colorado. We observed about 0.15 to 0.5 dB increases in backscatter for every 1 cm of snow water equivalent (SWE) accumulation for areas with short vegetation. Based on a simplified radiative transfer model, the change detection technique is used to convert the temporal change of radar backscatter into SWE accumulation for dry snow conditions. The resulting SWE accumulation estimates are consistent with the in-situ SWE measurements, with about 2 to 3 cm Root-Mean-Square (RMS) difference for regions with sagebrush or pasture.
Anatomy of a Modal Construction

Languages can express the existence of an easy way of achieving a goal in a construction we call the sufficiency modal construction (SMC), which combines a minimizing/exclusive operator like only or ne … que and a goal-oriented necessity modal like have to or need to, asin To get good cheese, you only have to go to the North End. We show that the morphosyntactic makeup of the SMC is crosslinguistically stable. We show that the semantics of the construction poses a severe compositionality problem. We solve the problem by giving the negation and the exclusive operator differential scope. For only, this means decomposing it into negation and an exclusive other than component.
Cooling, heating, and power energy performance for system feasibility

AbstractBuildings with heating and cooling energy requirements are usually supplied by separated systems such as furnaces or boilers for heating, and vapour compression systems for cooling. For these types of buildings, the use of cooling, heating, and power (CHP) systems is an alternative for energy savings. Different investigations have claimed that the use of CHP systems reduces the energy consumption related to transmission and distribution of energy. However, most of these analyses are based on the reduction of operating cost without measuring the actual energy use reduction. In this study, the definition of building primary energy ratio (BPER) is introduced as a new parameter to evaluate the CHP energy performance. BPER measures the variation of the building primary energy (BPE) when the building is operated without a CHP system versus the BPE when a CHP system is used. Results show that using the thermal efficiency alone is not the best approach to describe the CHP system energy performance and tha...
School and community influences on adolescent alcohol and drug use

Introduction Social environmental risk factors present in schools and communities have not been thoroughly investigated. This study crosssectionally examined the social environments of schools and communities, and their influence on adolescent alcohol and drug use. Survey responses of eighth grade students (N = 2309), a random half of their parents (n = 943), community leaders (n = 118), school principals (n = 30), school counselors (n = 30) and chemical health providers (n = 14) were pooled to create indices of social environmental norms, role models, social support and opportunities for non-use of alcohol. Each index was examined for its association with prevalences from 30 schools of alcohol use onset, last-month alcohol use, heavy alcohol use and last-year marijuana use in univariate and stepwise regression analyses. Increases in the levels of norms, role models and opportunities for non-use predicted decreases in alcohol use prevalences. The explanatory power of the examined constructs in multivariate analyses was acceptably high (R2: 38-53%). These findings further support the notion that community-wide efforts need to be launched to affect changes in the normative, role model and opportunity structures of adolescents' social environments in order to curb adolescent alcohol and drug use.
Characterization of polyisobutylene-based model urethane networks

Polyisobutylene-based model urethane networks have been prepared by crosslinking liquid α, ω-di(hydroxyl)polyisobutylenes, i.e., PIB-diols carrying exactly two CH2OH functions, Fn = 2.0 ± 0.1, and rather narrow molecular weight distributions, Mw/Mn = 1.5−1.6, with tritriphenylmethyl isocyanate . Networks prepared with Mn = 1400 and 7500 PIB-diols, and with 90/10 and 80/20 mixtures of these PIB-diols (bimodal networks), have been characterized by extraction, by the Flory–Rehner swelling method, and by the Mooney–Rivlin equilibrium modulus method, and tested by stress–strain measurements. Mc values of the Mn = 1400 PIB-diol network obtained by swelling (1550) and by equilibrium modulus studies (1500) were in excellent agreement with the Mn of the prepolymer. Also the C2 parameter was negligible in comparison to C1, suggesting the absence of interchain entanglements. This is the first hydrocarbon-based polyurethane network that exhibits a negligible C2 value by stress–strain measurements of unswollen samples. The Mc values of the Mn = 7500 PIB-diol were also in good agreement with the Mn of the prepolymer; however, C2 was larger than C1, indicating interchain entanglements. Evidence for strain-induced toughening was observed with both networks prepared with the Mn = 1400 and 7500 PIB-diols. The ultimate properties of the two bimodal networks did not show improvement over those of the individual constituents; however, the Mn's of the constituents were not very different.
Modifiable lifestyle factors affecting bone health using calcaneus quantitative ultrasound in adolescent girls

One hundred and fourteen girls were measured for calcaneus QUS (stiffness index score), calcium intake, weight, and total hours spent in physical activity (moderate to high-impact activities and low to no-impact activities). Multiple regression analysis indicated that hours spent in moderate to high-impact activities, current calcium intake, and weight significantly predicted SI. To determine the influence of modifiable lifestyle factors on adolescent girls’ bone health measured by calcaneus quantitative ultrasound (QUS). One hundred and fourteen girls, ages 14–18 (15.97 ± .7), enrolled in high school physical education classes, were measured for calcaneus QUS (stiffness index score), height, weight, current calcium intake from 2–3 day food records, and estimated total hours spent in physical activity from kindergarten to present. Cumulative physical activity hours were separated into two classifications (according to their estimated strain from ground reaction force): moderate to high-impact activities and low to no-impact activities. Pearson correlations between stiffness index (SI) and age, height, weight, current calcium intake, and hours spent in moderate to high-impact versus low to no-impact activities indicated a positive relationships between SI and weight (r = .259, p = .005), current calcium intake (r = .286, p = .002), and hours spent in moderate to high-impact activities (r = .451, p < .001). Multiple regression between SI and the above independent variables indicated that collectively, hours spent in moderate to high-impact activities, current calcium intake, and weight (r 2 = .363, p = <.001) significantly predicted SI. Our data indicate that moderate to high-impact activities, current calcium intake, and weight positively influence bone properties of the calcaneus in adolescent girls.
Mechanisms regulating blood pressure in the conscious rat: investigation by Wigner-Ville analysis

Wigner-Ville (WV) analysis was used to investigate rapidly varying spectral characteristics of blood pressure variability in rats following sinoaortic deafferentation (SAD). SAD abolished the 0.5 Hz peak attributed to the baroreflex while increasing low-frequency power by 10-100 times, and a prominent peak appeared at the observed frequency of respiration (1.5-2.0 Hz). In sham-operated rats, small amplitude rapid fluctuations in power at the lower frequencies apparently represent baroreflex activity. SAD removed these rapid fluctuations, and caused a dramatic increase in the amplitude of low frequency power fluctuations. After SAD, the mechanisms mediating low and high frequency oscillations may compensate for the abolished baroreflex by increasing their sensitivity. >
1F-5 Detection of Echoes from Adherent Targeted Microbubbles

A challenging task in ultrasonic molecular imaging is to detect the echoes from microbubbles that are tethered to a vessel wall by targeting ligands, and distinguish them from echoes from flowing agents and tissue. By combining optical and acoustical experimental systems, a protocol was developed to force targeted microbubbles to bind to a phantom vessel wall with the binding verified optically and the echo recorded acoustically. Differences in the acoustical response between free and bound contrast agents were observed and mechanisms for these differences were proposed. The observed acoustical difference can be utilized for a new selective detection method for adherent microbubbles
Horizontal shear surface waves on corrugated surfaces

Experiments have been performed on horizontal shear surface-wave propagation along a corrugated surface. The results are in agreement with approximate theories used in analogous electromagnetic problems.
Atomic data from the Iron Project - XXXV. Relativistic fine structure oscillator strengths for Fe XXIV and Fe XXV

The rst large-scale calculations of relativistic radiative transition probabilities from the Iron Project is reported for dipole allowed and intercombination (E1) transitions in Li-like Fe XXIV and He-like Fe XXV. The ab intio calculations are carried out in the close coupling approximation using the Breit-Pauli R-matrix method in intermediate coupling characterized by SLJ, with total (2S + 1) = 2,4, L =7 , J =1 = 2 11= 2e ven and odd parity, for Fe XXIV, and with total (2S + 1) = 1,3, L =9 , and J =0 4 for Fe XXV. The eigenfunction expansions for the target ions include 13 levels up to the n =3f or Fe XXV, and 16 levels up to the n = 4 for Fe XXVI, respectively. The calculated number of bound levels, 83 for Fe XXIV and 138 for Fe XXV, is much larger than experimentally observed. The level energies are in good agreement for the common levels. All dipole and inter- combination ne structure transitions involving the cal- culated bound levels up to n =1 0 and '= 5 or 6 are con- sidered. Oscillator strengths, line strengths, and Einstein A-coecients are tabulated for 802 transitions in Fe XXIV and 2579 transitions in Fe XXV. The results compare well with limited subsets of transitions considered in previous works including fully relativistic and QED corrections. Additional comparisons between the length and the ve- locity formulations indicate an overall accuracy between 1 10%. The range of uncertainty is indicative of the relatively small influence of atomic eects, such as the two-body Breit interaction terms and nite nuclear mass term, that are not included in the Breit-Pauli approxima- tion employed in the present calculations. The extensive set of data is expected to be useful in the analysis of X-ray and XUV spectra from astrophysical sources 1 .
Regulation of G2/M Transition in Mammalian Cells by Oxidative Stress

The regulation of the G2 /M transition for the mammalian cell cycle has been modeled using 19 states to investigate the G2 checkpoint dynamics in response to oxidative stress. A detailed network model of G2 /M regulation is presented and then a “core” subsystem is extracted from the full network. An existing model of Mitosis control is extended by adding two important pathways regulating G2 /M transition in response to DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. Model predictions indicate that the p53 dependent pathway is not required for initial G2 arrest as the Chk1/Cdc25C pathway can arrest the cell in G2 right after DNA damage. However, p53 and p21 expression is important for a more sustained G2 arrest by inhibiting the Thr161 phosphorylation by CAK. By eliminating the phosphorylation effect of Chk1 on p53, two completely independent pathways are obtained and it is shown that it does not affect the G2 arrest much. So the p53/p21 pathway makes an important, independent contribution to G2 arrest in response to oxidative stress, and any defect in this pathway may lead to genomic instability and predisposition to cancer. Such strict control mechanisms probably provide protection for survival in the face of various environmental changes. The controversial issue related to the mechanism of inactivation of Cdc2 by p21 is addressed and simulation predictions indicate that G2 arrest would not be affected much by considering the direct binding of p21 to Cdc2/Cyclin B given that the inhibition of CAK by p21 is already present if the binding efficiency is within a certain range. Lastly, we show that the G2 arrest time in response to oxidative stress is sensitive to the p53 synthesis rate.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
A Metabolic Substrate-Based Approach to Engineering New Chemical Reactivity into Cellular Sialoglycoconjugates

Current examples of cellular engineering, the “purposeful modification of intermediary metabolism” (Cameron and Tong, 1993) or the “improvement of cellular activities” (Bailey, 1991), share two common features. First is the reliance on recombinant DNA technology to modulate the proteome of the cell. Advances in protein design and engineering, genomics, and proteomics (Hatzimanikatis et al., 1999; Kao, 1999; Schilling et al., 1999), coupled with sophisticated mathematical algorithms and computer modeling (Gombert and Nielsen, 2000; Schuster et al., 2000), promise to provide the cellular engineer of the future with exquisite recombinant DNA-based tools for manipulation of the metabolic machinery and architecture of a cell. The sheer complexity of biological macromolecules, however, has encouraged the exploration of alternate technologies. One such alternative is an emerging substrate-based approach where small-molecule metabolites, instead of the enzymes that process these compounds, are manipulated to effect changes in cellular properties. More specifically, substrate-based cellular engineering exploits the naturally occurring biosynthetic pathways of the cell to incorporate unnatural metabolic intermediates into cellular components (Figure 1). The emerging field of substrate-based cellular engineering differs from established approaches not only in methodology, but also in applications and aims. In addition to a reliance on recombinant DNA techniques, most current examples of cellular engineering share the common goal of enhancing the ability of a cell to produce metabolic products, ranging from small-molecule metabolites to recombinant proteins, deemed useful to humankind. This objective, the production of a useful biomolecule, typically reduces secondary effects on the cellular metabolism to a matter of minor concern. By contrast, the primary goal of substrate-based cellular engineering, so far, has been to alter the composition of the cellular architecture in a precise manner for a defined purpose. An attractive feature of substrate-based cellular engineering is the ability to mediate exact metabolic changes amidst an overwhelmingly complex cellular environment. By selecting the properties of the unnatural metabolic intermediate carefully, it is possible to target a particular biosynthetic pathway to the exclusion of all other thereby specifically engineering the designated cellular component.
The Adhesin Hwp1 And The First Daughter Cell Localize To The a/a Portion Of The Conjugation Bridge During Candida albicans Mating

The cell wall protein Hwp1 was originally demonstrated to be expressed exclusively in hyphae of Candida albicans and cross-linked to human epithelium by mammalian transglutaminase. Hwp1 is expressed on the walls of hyphae formed by a/α, a/a, and α/α cells. Hence, it is expressed on hyphae independently of mating type. However, Hwp1 is selectively expressed on the wall of conjugation tubes formed by a/a cells, but not α/α cells, in the mating process. This was demonstrated in all possible crosses between four unrelated natural a/a strains and four unrelated α/α strains. In zygotes, Hwp1 is restricted to that portion of the wall of the conjugation bridge contributed by the a/a parent cell. Hwp1 staining further revealed that the first daughter bud that emerges from the conjugation bridge does so from the a/a-contributed portion. Hwp1 expression and localization during the mating process is, therefore, mating type specific, opaque phase specific, and α-pheromone induced. These results indicate that the mating type-specific contributions to the conjugation bridge during the mating process in C. albicans are qualitatively and functionally distinct and that the a/a portion of the bridge, which selectively contains Hwp1, bears the first daughter cell in the mating process.
Anesthesia and Its Constraints in Monitoring Motor and Sensory Systems

Personnel who perform intraoperative monitoring are not involved in delivering anesthesia, but anesthesia affects the most common recordings that are made in intraoperative monitoring, and it can jeopardize intraoperative monitoring if not coordinated appropriately with the monitoring. The person who is responsible for monitoring should communicate with the anesthesiologist to obtain information regarding the type of anesthesia that is to be used, if there are changes made in the anesthesia during the operation, and, if so, what other drugs may be administered during the operation. In order to communicate and interact effectively with the anesthesia team, people who do intraoperative monitoring must have a basic understanding of anesthesia, know which agents are used, and how the different agents exert their actions. To accomplish this, the anesthesia and monitoring teams must understand each other’s language. It is important that the person who is performing intraoperative neurophysiology and monitoring understands the basic principles of anesthesia.
Long-term follow-up of children with chronic myeloid leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare malignancy in the pediatric population, accounting for less than 2% of pediatric leukemia.[1] Before the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), a...
White fear, dehumanization, and low empathy: Lethal combinations for shooting biases.

OBJECTIVES: A growing number of studies have documented the existence racial shooting biases against Black versus White targets (Correll et al., 2002). Little is known about individual differences that may moderate these biases. The goals of this study were to examine (a) whether White participants' fear of racial/ethnic minorities is associated with racial shooing biases, and (b) whether dehumanization and empathy moderate this effect. METHOD: Participants (N = 290) completed a dehumanization implicit association test and simulated shooting task, then reported their fear of racial minorities (i.e., White fear) and empathic ability. RESULTS: We found that (a) individuals high in White fear showed a shooting bias, such that they had a lower threshold for shooting Black relative to White and East Asian targets, (b) Dehumanization moderated the White fear and shooting bias relation, such that individuals high in White fear and high in dehumanization had a significantly more liberal shooting threshold for Black versus White targets, and (c) Empathy moderated the White fear and shooting bias relation, such that people who were high in White fear and low in empathic ability had a more liberal shooting threshold for Black versus White targets. In sum, fearing racial/ethnic minorities can have devastating shooting bias outcomes for Black individuals, but this effect is stronger when people also dehumanize Black individuals, and weaker when people have high empathy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings contribute to the literature by identifying theory driven moderators that identify both risk and protective factors in predicting racial shooting biases. (PsycINFO Database Record Language: en
Turbulence Modeling for Scramjet Applications

A variable turbulent Schmidt number model suited for reacting flows is developed. The model is used to study supersonic mixing and combustion of H2-Air mixtures. Predictions of the model are compared with the experiments of Burrows and Kurkov. Calculations were carried out in the presence and absence of turbulence chemistry interactions. A multivariate β-PDF for the mass fractions is employed. The results show that use of such a PDF is highly dissipative and thus limits the extent of mixing. As a result, use of such a PDF is not suited for combustion calculations. Better agreement with experiment is noted, when turbulence/chemistry interactions are not taken into consideration. In general, the variable Schmidt number formulation works well for both reacting and non-reacting flows.
A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIORAL DIVERGENCE AMONG CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES OF ENDEMIC HAWAIIAN DROSOPHILA.

Endemic Hawaiian species of Drosophila are speciating rapidly (Carson, 1970), a phenomenon correlated with distinct morphological and behavioral divergence, even among closely related species. In turn, the morphology and behavior underlying species differences usually have reproductive functions (Carson et al., 1970). Some species of Hawaiian Drosophila mate at arenas, or leks (Spieth, 1968). Such specialized mating habits may have given rise to marked behavioral differentiation, leading to the evolution of ritualized aggression, territorial displays, visual and olfactory signals to attract females, and hypertrophied courtship (Spieth, 1966, 1974; Ringo, 1976). Considerable qualitative information about Hawaiian Drosophila behavior has contributed significantly to taxonomic studies (Carson et al., 1970; Spieth, 1966, 1968), but no published quantitative, comparative ethological studies exist for these animals. This research was undertaken to initiate quantitative measurement of behavioral patterns in Hawaiian Drosophila with the aims of (1) describing populations and species, and (2) determining how much behavioral differentiation has accompanied speciation. Three stocks, representing three separate populations of the grimshawi subgroup in the picture-winged species group were studied. Two stocks represent morphologically different biological species: Drosophila crucigera (from Oahu) and grimshawi (from Molokai), while the third stock, grimshawi from Oahu, may represent a sibling species of grimshawi from Molokai. These three stocks were chosen for study because they are readily available and represent rapidly evolving, closely related entities which exhibit lekrelated displays.
Heterochromatin and genetic conflict

Meiosis is a dangerous business. The two alleles in diploid organisms share an evolutionary interest in the survival and reproduction of their host individual; however, as soon as they segregate into haploid gametes, these alleles find themselves competing for transmission to the next generation (1). In males, the development of all four meiotic products into functional gametes fosters the evolution of alleles that disrupt the development or viability of gametes carrying the alternate allele. Systems that distort Mendelian segregation (hence, segregation distorters) typically comprise at least two loci: a trans-acting drive locus (such as a gene that encodes a poison) that targets alleles that are sensitive to the poison at a second, linked locus (2). A major impediment to the evolution of segregation distorters is the requirement that the poisonous allele be tightly linked to resistant alleles at the target locus; otherwise, distorters will commit suicide when paired with a sensitive allele (3). As a result, segregation distorters on autosomes are invariably associated with inversions that suppress recombination between the distorter and target loci. In contrast, heteromorphic sex chromosomes, where the Y chromosome is highly degenerated, can facilitate the evolution of segregation distorters because the X and Y frequently share little homologous sequence and do not recombine along most or all of their length. Thus, sex-chromosome segregation distorters that distort the sex ratio of the progeny of males that carry them (hence, sex-ratio distorters) are predicted to evolve frequently (4). The presence of sex-ratio distorters in populations selects for resistant Y chromosomes and autosomal suppressors that restore male fertility and a balanced sex ratio, and may lead to either balanced polymorphisms or open-ended arms races between loci that function in the male germ line (5). A recent study in PNAS has identified a gene required for sex-ratio distortion in Drosophila simulans (6), providing novel insight into the genetic and molecular mechanisms used by these selfish elements and their effects on genome evolution and species formation.
Epidemiological Analysis of Notifmble infect ious Diseases in Yuechi From 2004 to 2008

Objective The present study was conducted to get insight into the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of notifiable infectious diseases in the latest 5 years in Yuechi.Sichuan.Methods Statistical analysis was made on the data of the National Disease Surveillance Information Management System in Yuechi from 2004 to 2008.Results There is no class-A infectious disease report in 2004-2008 in Yuechi,reported 15 140 23 kinds of B class-C infectious diseases together,average annual morbidity 259.06/100000,the onset presents the downward trend;The number that the onset occupies the first 5 is successively pulmonary tuberculosis,virus hepatitis,infective diarrhoea,mumps,measles;Men and women's sex ratio is 1.93:1;Onset age most high in order to to regard 0-9 years old(4 351) as,account for,have illness coming on 28.80%of the total number;Job distribute,take peasant(7 011,accounts for 46.31%) as the core,student(2 583,account for 17.06%) secondly,live scattered children(2 460,accounts for 16.25%);The onset peak is January and March-August; Respiratory tracts infectious disease account for A class-B 48.17%of infectious disease,rely mainly on pulmonary tuberculosis,the blood source and spreading through sex intercourse to take 37.03%of A class-B infectious disease,rely mainly on hepatitis B.Conclusion The trend of of infectious diseases is downward in the past five years in Yuechi,the most important thing in infectious disease prevention work is to increase the prevention of the focused people and focused disease,in the future.
Structure-activity relationships of anthracyclines relative to effects on macromolecular syntheses.

The anthracyclines studied may be divided into two classes on the basis of their effects on DNA and RNA syntheses. Class I anthracyclines-adriamycin, carminomycin, and pyrromycin-inhibit DNA, whole cell RNA, and nucleolar RNA syntheses at approximately comparable concentrations. Class II anthracyclines-aclacinomycin, marcellomycin, and musettamycin-inhibit whole cellular RNA synthesis at 6-7-fold lower concentrations than those required to inhibit DNA synthesis, and nucleolar RNA synthesis at 170-1250-fold lower concentrations than necessary to inhibit DNA synthesis. Structure-activity relationship studies suggest that the presence of di- or trisaccharides confers nucleolar RNA synthesis-inhibitory specificity on anthracyclines. None of the anthracyclines studied had demonstrable effects on processing of preribosomal RNA.
The Oneida Community

In the early decades of the 19th century, much of the intellectual curiosity, social experimentation, and moral fervor of the inhabitants of the fledgling American republic focused on questions of religion. New economic and political structures sought stable form through the test of speculative ideas and ventures. The traditional issues and methods of faith and salvation faced continual and passionate critical reexamination. As Robert Parker observed: Revivals swept the country like prairie fires. Strange, uncouth evangelists scattered the pollen of myths and harsh doctrines in remote villages, backwoods settlements, forest clearings. They were gifted with rudimentary dramatic power and showmanship, and they tapped an almost bottomless reservoir of credulity.1
Contextual Identity among Liberian Refugees in Ghana: Identity Salience in a Protracted Refugee Situation

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of a protracted refugee situation on identity among Liberian refugees in Ghana. A strong national identity was observed among Liberians within the context of Buduburam Refugee Camp, despite previous ethnic divisions in their home country during the two Liberian civil wars. According to social identity theory, individuals may hold several identities at one time, but the expression of these identities are dependent on context. Using a grounded theory approach, I find three theoretical explanations for this phenomenon. Three identity primes heightened the salience of being Liberian. First, identity discontinuity resulting from trauma focused awareness on shared past experiences, creating a shared generational identity among residents at Buduburam. Second, a shared refugee status, and third, shared perceptions of difference between the Liberians and Ghanaians, played key roles in activating and sustaining a collective national identity among Liberian refugees in Ghana. Related Articles Byrne, Jennifer, and Gregory C. Dixon. 2013. “Reevaluating American Attitudes toward Immigrants in the Twenty-First Century: The Role of a Multicreedal National Identity.” Politics & Policy 42 (1): 83-116. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12002/abstract Catalinac, Amy L. 2007. “Identity Theory and Foreign Policy: Explaining Japan's Responses to the 1991 Gulf War and the 2003 U.S. War in Iraq.” Politics & Policy 35 (1): 58-100. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00049.x/abstract Simon-Kumar, Rachel, and Catherine Kingfisher. 2011. “Beyond Transformation and Regulation: Productive Tensions and the Analytics of Inclusion.” Politics & Policy 39 (2): 271-294. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00291.x/abstract Related Media Buduburam. n.d. “Home for Homeless People.” http://buduburam.com/ CCTV Africa. 2014. “Liberian Refugees in Ghana.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k85CJe5JWAw
Concurrent Atomistic-Continuum Simulation of Defects in Polyatomic Ionic Materials

This chapter reviews a concurrent atomistic-continuum (CAC) method for studying the dynamic behavior of defects in polyatomic materials. The CAC method combines a unified atomistic and continuum formulation of balance laws and a modified finite element method. In this chapter, we show that in the dynamic simulations of strontium titanate (SrTiO3), the CAC method allows the passages of defects, including dislocations and cracks, from the atomistic to the continuum domain without the need for any special numerical treatment. Then the CAC simulation results of the dynamics of defects in single-crystal, bi-crystal, and polycrystalline SrTiO3 are presented. Simulation results show that CAC successfully reproduces crack propagations, dislocation migrations, and the interplay between cracks, dislocations, and grain boundaries in SrTiO3, with a significant reduction in the degrees of freedom compared with atomistically resolved molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Most importantly, the essential atomistic features of defects, such as the propagation paths of cracks and dislocations, the dissociation of dislocations, the atomic-scale grain boundary (GB) structures, and atomic details for GB interactions with other defects, are retained in the CAC simulations.
Convection heat transfer of closely-spaced spheres with surface blowing

A validated computer simulation model has been developed for the analysis of colinear spheres in a heated gas stream. Using the Galerkin finite element method, the steady-state Navier-Stokes and heat transfer equations have been solved describing laminar axisymmetric thermal flow past closely-spaced monodisperse spheres with fluid injection. Of interest are the coupled nonlinear interaction effects on the temperature fields and ultimately on the Nusselt number of each sphere for different free stream Reynolds numbers (20 ≤Re ≤ 200) and intersphere distances (1.5 ≤dij ≤ 6.0) in the presence of surface blowing (0 ≤vb 100). Heat transfer is also reduced at small spacings especially for the second and third sphere. A Nusselt number correlation for each interacting (porous) sphere has been developed based on computer experiments.
Complete affine connection in the causal boundary: static, spherically symmetric spacetimes

The boundary at $$\mathcal {I}^+$$ , future null infinity, for a standard static, spherically symmetric spactime is examined for possible linear connections. Two independent methods are employed, one for treating $$\mathcal {I}^+$$ as the future causal boundary, and one for treating it as a conformal boundary (the latter is subsumed in the former, which is of greater generality). Both methods provide the same result: a constellation of various possible connections, depending on an arbitrary choice of a certain function, a sort of gauge freedom in obtaining a natural connection on $$\mathcal {I}^+$$ ; choosing that function to be constant (for instance) results in a complete connection. Treating $$\mathcal {I}^+$$ as part of the future causal boundary, the method is to impute affine connections on null hypersurfaces going out to $$\mathcal {I}^+$$ , in terms of a transverse vector field on each null hypersurface (there is much gauge freedom on choice of the transverse vector fields). Treating $$\mathcal {I}^+$$ as part of a conformal boundary, the method is to make a choice of conformal factor that makes the boundary totally geodesic in the enveloping manifold (there is much gauge freedom in choice of that conformal factor). Similar examination is made of other boundaries, such as timelike infinity and timelike and spacelike singularities. These are much simpler, as they admit a unique connection from a similar limiting process (i.e., no gauge freedom); and that connection is complete.
The Land Rights of Women in Deuteronomy: In Memory of John J. Pilch (1937–2016)

This article continues my work in my recently published Social World of Deuteronomy: a New Feminist Commentary (2015). My thesis here is that elite males designated heirs to their land, but to exercise their rights heirs were required to marry women whom Yhwh and their tribes or states recognized as holding legal title to those rights. A better understanding of these rights contributes to a better understanding of the roles of the women in Deuteronomy on honoring both father and mother (Deut 5:7–21), on female prisoners of war (Deut 21:10–14), on terminating heirs (Deut 21:18–21), on re-marriage (Deut 24:1–4), and perhaps the significance of divorce and re-marriage policies imposed on Israel and Judah by Assyria, Babylon and Ezra-Nehemiah.
New Developments in Diagnosis of Myofascial Pain and Fibromyalgia

New criteria for quantitative diagnosis of myofascial trigger points and tender spots are proposed based on experimental data. A pentad (complex of five signs) of a vicious cycle of discopathy-radiculopathy-paraspinal muscle spasm is described. The pentad also includes sprain of the supraspinous ligament, which usually is a strong irritative focus, and wider spaces between spinous processes. Manifestation of segmental sensitization are described. The importance of treating not only the trigger point but also the irritative force that causes it is illustrated by electromyographic recording of agonist/antagonist activity after injection of bursitis.
Notariatsdienste zum nachweisbaren Austausch personenbezogener Daten

Die Ungewissheit jedes Adressais uber die Integritat und Originaritat der empfangenen Informationen last sich durch den Einsatz von elektronischen Unterschriften seitens der Absender beseitigen. Die elektronische Unterschrift eroffnet dem Empfanger die Moglichkeit zur Uberprufung der Unversehrtheit der Information und der Identitat des Absenders. In kommerziellen Anwendungen ist eine verlassliche Nachweisbarkeit von Aktionen notwendig und im Streitfall fur die Geschaftspartner unabdingbar; daruber hinaus ist sie beim Transfer von personenbezogenen Informationen sogar vom Gesetzgeber vorgeschrieben. Ein von allen Geschaftspartnern akzeptierter unbeteiliger Dritter — ein elektronischer Notar — ist fur die Protokollierung von Vorgangen verantwortlich. Zu seinen Aufgaben gehort auch die Verwaltung dieser Informationen entsprechend den gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Die vom Notar erfasten Daten uber die Geschaftsvorgange werden von den Partnern als bindend und unabstreitbar angesehen.
On Cyclic Steiner Systems S(3, 4, 20)

A Steiner quadruple system of order n is said to be cyclic if it has an n-cycle as an automorphism. In this paper we enumerate all cyclic Steiner quadruple systems of order 20. As a necessary prelude to this enumeration, a number of results are established, including a new characterization of the existence problem in terms of hypergraphs. It is also shown that the necessary conditions for an S-cyclic SQS (n) is that n=2, 4, 10 or 20 mod 24, and that there does exist an infinite class of cyclic Steiner quadruple systems, thus answering a question posed by Lindner and Rosa [16].
Inductive Energy Storage Using High Voltage Vacuum Circuit Breakers

Controlled thermonuclear fusion experiments currently being planned require large amounts of pulsed energy. Inductive energy storage systems (IES) appear to be attractive for at least two applications in the fusion research program: high beta devices and those employing turbulent heating. The well known roadblock to successful implementation of IES is the development of a reliable and cost-effective off-switch capable of handling high currents and withstanding high recovery voltages. The University of Texas at Austin has a program to explore the application of conventional vacuum circuit breakers designed for use in AC systems, in conjunction with appropriate counter pulse circuits, as off-switches in inductive energy storage systems. The present paper describes the IES employing vacuum circuit breakers as off-switches. Since the deionization property of these circuit breakers is of great importance to the design and the cost of the counter-pulse circuit, a synthetic test installation to test these breakers has been conceived, designed and is being installed in the Fusion Research Center, University of Texas at Austin. Some design aspects of the facility will be discussed here. Finally, the results of the study on a mathematical model developed and optimized to determine the least cost system which meets both the requirements of an off-switch for IES Systems and the ratings of circuit breakers used in power systems has been discussed. This analysis indicates that the most important factor with respect to the system cost is the derating of the circuit breakers to obtain satisfactory lifetimes.
Altered ErbB4 splicing and cortical parvalbumin interneuron dysfunction in schizophrenia and mood disorders

Working memory requires the activity of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Impaired working memory and lower PV expression in the DLPFC are reported in schizophrenia and to a lesser degree in mood disorders. We previously proposed that activity-dependent PV expression is lower in schizophrenia due to a shift in the splicing of erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4) transcripts from major to inactive minor variants that reduces excitatory drive to PV interneurons. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the degree of major-to-minor shift in ErbB4 splicing predicts the level of PV expression across schizophrenia and mood disorders. Levels of ErbB4 splice variants and PV mRNA were quantified by PCR in the DLPFC from 40 matched tetrads (N = 160 subjects) of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and unaffected comparison subjects. Relative to unaffected comparison subjects, the magnitude of increases in minor variant levels and decreases in major variant levels was greatest in schizophrenia, intermediate in BD, and least in MDD. The same rank order was present for the magnitude of increases in the composite splicing score, which reflects the degree of major-to-minor shift across all ErbB4 splice loci, and for the magnitude of deficient PV expression. Finally, the composite splicing score negatively predicted PV expression across all subject groups. Together, these findings demonstrate a shared relationship between ErbB4 splicing and PV expression and suggest that scaling of the major-to-minor shift in ErbB4 splicing may influence the severity of deficient PV interneuron activity across diagnoses.
Photoluminescence Quenching in Single-Layer MoS$_{2}$ via Oxygen Plasma Treatment

By creating defects via oxygen plasma treatment, we demonstrate optical properties variation of single-layer MoS2. We found that, with increasing plasma exposure time, the photoluminescence (PL) evolves from very high intensity to complete quenching, accompanied by gradual reduction and broadening of MoS2 Raman modes, indicative of distortion of the MoS2 lattice after oxygen bombardment. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study shows the appearance of the Mo6+ peak, suggesting the creation of MoO3 disordered regions in the MoS2 flake. Finally, using band structure calculations, we demonstrate that the creation of MoO3 disordered domains upon exposure to oxygen plasma leads to a direct-to-indirect bandgap transition in single-layer MoS2, which explains the observed PL quenching.
Silo Placement for Gastroschisis

This chapter describes the surgical procedure for silo placement for gastroschisis. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps, needed equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure in question. This is followed by a template operative dictation, which provides the reader with an operative report, such as is found in a patient chart or electronic medical record. A description is provided of the following critical concepts for this procedure: ensure adequate sedation and analgesia, decompress the colon to express meconium, choose a silicone spring-loaded silo with the diameter chosen based on the size of the defect, place the eviscerated intestines in the bag and place the ring inside the abdomen underneath the fascia, reduce over several days.
Sex differences in the relationship between child maltreatment, recent bereavement, and average heart rate

The study explores the sex differences in cardiovascular outcomes among bereaved individuals. In addition, the study differentiates the impact of child maltreatment and recent loss on the physical ...