cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Origin of Red-Banded Early Cenozoic Deposits in Rocky Mountain Region

Red-banded early Cenozoic formations in the Rocky Mountain region are principally fluviatile, piedmont and valley-flat deposits which accumulated in a warm, humid lowland environment that prevailed in the tectonic basins. Differential thermal analyses of the clay complex of twenty-two red and drab mudstone and sandstone layers reveal that illite is the predominant clay mineral group in most of the tested specimens; kaolinite is the principal clay mineral group in four. A small amount of montmorillonite is commonly present. Chemical analyses of red and drab layers show a higher Fe2O3 content in the red beds. Presumably the red pigment is hematite. Inasmuch as brown hydrated ferric oxide is not known to dehydrate to hematite under conditions prevailing at the earth's surface, the hematite in the red layers is interpreted as primary, derived either from older red formations exposed at the basins' margins or from red soil developed on the surrounding uplands. A review of the lithologic characteristics and stratigraphic relationships of the variegated formations, together with the paleobotanical evidence of a warm, humid early Cenozoic climate, suggests that red upland soil was transported into the basins. Hence, it is postulated that in deposits which accumulated in more open country of a savanna environment the primary red color was preserved, while in sediments accumulating in heavily forested areas drab colors resulted from reduction of the hematite by incorporated plant debris. As the aggrading streams meandered across the basin floors the sites and environments of deposition constantly shifted, thus producing the alternation of lenticular red and drab strata.
Kidney Infection with HIV-1 Following Kidney Transplantation

As HIV has evolved to a chronic condition as a result of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), an increasing number of HIV-infected patients with well-controlled disease are progressing to ESRD secondary to comorbidities associated with HIV. Reports from both the United States and Europe have
Three Transcription Factors, HFR1, LAF1 and HY5, Regulate Largely Independent Signaling Pathways Downstream of Phytochrome A

Among signaling components downstream of phytochrome A (phyA), HY5, HFR1 and LAF1 are transcription factors that regulate expression of phyA-responsive genes. Previous work has shown that FHY1/FHL distribute phyA signals directly to HFR1 and LAF1, both of which regulate largely independent pathways, but the relationship of HY5 to these two factors was unclear. Here, we investigated the genetic relationship among the genes encoding these three transcription factors, HY5, HFR1 and LAF1. Analyses of double and triple mutants showed that HY5, a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) factor, HFR1, a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) factor, and LAF1, a Myb factor, independently transmit phyA signals downstream. We showed that HY5 but not its homolog, HYH, could interact with HFR1 and LAF1; on the other hand, FHY1 and its homolog, FHL did not interact with HY5 or HYH. Together, our results suggest that HY5 transmits phyA signals through an FHY1/FHL-independent pathway but it may also modulate FHY1/FHL signal through its interaction with HFR1 and LAF1.
Growth control and polarization

Filamentous fungi and yeasts both undergo polar growth. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where the mechanisms for polar growth are well-understood, polarity requires three steps: establishment of cortical markers specifying the site of bud emergence; relaying the bud site information via the Cdc42 Rho GTPase module; and recruitment of the morphogenetic machinery needed to remodel the cell surface to the specified site. Comparison of the genomes of Aspergillus fumigatus, A. nidulans and A. oryzae with that of S. cerevisiae show that the cortical markers are absent or poorly conserved, while the RhoGTPase signaling module and the morphogenetic machinery are highly conserved in the aspergilli. Genetic approaches to polarity using A. nidulans polarity mutants with defects in germ tube emergence (swo mutants) or branching (ahb mutants) will also be discussed.
Pointwise control of dynamical systems using an optimal decision strategy with neural network trajectory learning

Pointwise control algorithms termed optimal decision strategies (ODSs) have proven effective for the control of nonlinear dynamical systems having control variable magnitude constraints. The authors propose a specific neural network structure and, through application of a certain ODS algorithm, show the stabilization of otherwise unstable systems. External decision strategies provide an alternative to potentially difficult function space optimization by controlling the system on a pointwise basis. That is, at each instant of time, a preferred velocity is selected from a set of permissible or achievable velocities. It is the relation of the achievable velocity to the desired velocity that determines the performance of the controlled system. The use of a neural network for providing desired velocity vectors is explored. >
Ambient air pollution as a risk factor for lung cancer

Epidemiologic studies over the last 40 years have observed that general ambient air pollution, chiefly due to the by-products of the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, is associated with small relative increases in lung cancer. The evidence derives from studies of lung cancer trends, studies of occupational groups, comparisons of urban and rural populations, and case-control and cohort studies using diverse exposure metrics. Recent prospective cohort studies observed 30-50% increases in the risk of lung cancer in relation to approximately a doubling of respirable particle exposure. While these data reflect the effects of exposures in past decades, and despite some progress in reducing air pollution, large numbers of people in the US continue to be exposed to pollutant mixtures containing known or suspected carcinogens. These observations suggest that the most widely cited estimates of the proportional contribution of air pollution to lung cancer occurrence in the US, based largely on the results of animal experimentation, may be too low. It is important that better epidemiologic research be conducted to allow improved estimates of lung cancer risk from air pollution in the general population. The development and application of new epidemiologic methods, particularly the improved characterization of population-wide exposure to mixtures of air pollutants and the improved design of ecologic studies, could improve our ability to measure accurately the magnitude of excess cancer related to air pollution.
Thermal dependence of the positions and widths of the fluorescence lines of Cr3+ and Er3+ in YAG

We have investigated the thermal dependence of the positions and widths of the fluorescence (R) lines of Cr3+ in YAG, and the thermal dependence of the widths of some fluorescence lines of Er3+ in YAG. The Cr3+ lines correspond to the transition2E →4A2 and are located at 6863.2 and 6872.6 A at 77 °K; they were investigated in the temperature region 4 to 310 °K. The line shifts with temperature are due to the ahsorption and emission of virtual phonons; the lino widths are explained in terms of microscopic strains and Raman scattering of phonons. A Debye model of phonons is used with a Debye temperature of 550 °K ±5%. This temperature agrees with that found by Burnset al. which was based only on line shift data. The Er3+ lines correspond to the transition4S3/2 →4I 13/2 and are located at ∼ 8700 A. We were able to measure the widths of two lines located at 8627 and 8685 a at 4 °K, in the temperature region (4/600) °K and to explain their broadening in terms of microscopic strains and Raman scattering of phonons. The Debye model of phonons was used with a Debye temperature of 550 °K ±7%. This temperature agrees with that which was found, based upon the thermal effects on the fluorescence of Cr3- in the same host lattice.
Michael Polanyi and the politics of science studies

Tacit knowledge is today a key concept in history and sociology of science and, primarily because of the significance of this concept, Michael Polanyi is regarded, alongside other figures such as Ludwig Fleck, Karl Mannheim, Robert K. Merton, and Thomas Kuhn as a forerunner of contemporary social studies of science. And yet, Polanyi’s major book, Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy (1958), with its invocation of St. Augustine’s idea of knowledge as a ‘‘gift of grace,’’ its Christian existentialism, its conservative moralism, and its often tortuously complex style of reasoning is much less accessible and amenable to increasingly specialized academics than Thomas Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Much of Personal Knowledge seems tangential to today’s social studies of science: for example, its moralistic anti-Communism and teleological conception of the evolution of human intelligence as the ‘‘awakening of the world’’ (Polanyi 1962: 405). A view of Polanyi as contributing to the idea of the social construction of science is paradoxical because of his outright opposition to the sociology of knowledge, which he expressed in correspondence with Mannheim. He paradoxically combined an emphasis on embodied scientific practice with absolute opposition to materialism. He also saw sociology as more generally pernicious, writing disapprovingly in Personal Knowledge that the public is ‘‘taught by the sociologist to distrust its traditional morality’’ (Polanyi 1962: 234; see also Nye: 279). Polanyi’s philosophy of science opposed justifications of scientific truth by logical positivist notions of scientific method and pointed toward a sociological view of the trust-dependence, presupposition-laden, and inherently communal character of scientific practice, themes developed in the sociology of scientific knowledge (Shapin 1994; Collins 1992). But can these aspects of Polanyi’s work be extracted from the overall framework of his thought or do they carry with them
Humanistic Theory and Personal Constructs

It often is contended that prior to the 1960’s there were two main movements in psychology: psychoanalytic and behavioristic. Sociologists of science suggest that the development of both these theoretical perspectives was greatly influenced by cultural factors. Psychoanalytic theory originated in the supposedly repressive society of Vienna around the beginning of the twentieth century. This social milieu, in part, may have accounted for the psychoanalytic emphasis upon repression, conflict, and neurosis. On the other hand, behaviorism was spawned in turn-of-the-century America. It embraced Darwin’s concern with adaptation and function, as well as the belief that behavior is completely modifiable. Sociologists of science point out that this latter assumption was consistent with the optimistic psychological climate in America at that time.
Emissions from Diesel-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles in Southern California

Few real-worid data exist to describe the contribution of diesel vehicles to the emissions inventory, although it is widely acknowledged that diesel vehicles are a significant contributor to oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) andparticulate matter (PM) in Southern California. New data were acquired during the Gasoline/Diesel PM Split Study, designed to collect emissions data for source profiling of PM emissions from diesel- and gasoline-powered engines in the South Coast (Los Angeles) Air Basin in 2001. Regulated gases, PM and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) were measured from 34 diesel vehicles operating in the Southern California area. Two were transit buses, 16 were trucks over 33,000 Ibs. in weight, 8 were 14,001 Ibs. to 33,000 Ibs. in weight and 8 were under 14,001 Ibs. in weight. The vehicles were also grouped by model year for recruiting and data analysis. Emissions were measured in Riverside, CA, using West Virginia University's (WVU) Transportable Medium-Duty and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions Testing Laboratories. The trucks were all exercised through a CSHVR, a Highway cycle, and an Idle period. In addition, selected vehicles were tested under cold start idle, cold start CSHVR, and the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS). All data were computed in units of g/mile except for idle tests, which were recorded in g/cycle. Repeat runs on the same test schedule demonstrated that data were consistent from run to run. This paper presents the data for the trucks over 33,000 Ib. in weight. Data for these trucks showed conclusively that PM levels are higher for older vehicles: this may be due to vehicle age, but more likely is associated with the improved technology for later model years and implied compliance with later standards. In contrast, emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) have not fallen in the same way with respect to model year. The data provide new insight into real-world diesel truck emissions and will provide information for emissions source profiles for PM source apportionment in Los Angeles. The data reported in this presentation are a portion of the GasolinelDiesel PM Split Study, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of anti-HIV Drug Interactions: Effect of Zidovudine on 2′-3′-Dideoxyinosine Kinetics in Monkeys

The current investigation was conducted to determine if zidovudine (AZT) altered the pharmacokinetics of dideoxyinosine (ddl) in non-human primates, an appropriate animal model for AZT and ddl pharmacokinetics in human. Each of nine animals received 20 mg kg −1 of ddl intravenously in the absence and presence of two different dosage regimens of AZT. For each combination regimen, AZT was administered as a combined i.v. bolus-constant rate infusion regimen for 30 min that produced AZT plasma concentrations of about 4 μg ml −1 in six animals (low dose group) and 11 μg ml −1 in three others (high dose group). Serial blood samples were collected, and pharmacokinetic parameters for ddl were calculated based on plasma ddl concentrations measured by HPLC techniques
The fluorescent antibody technique applied to titration and identification of antigens in solutions or antisera.

SummaryCellulose acetate discs or agar are useful supporting media for titration or identification of antigen or antibody. The cellulose acetate fluorescent spot (CAFS) method is simple to perform and read and requires only a few lambda of antiserum or antigen; the fluorescent impregnated agar (FIA) method is essentially the same as the fluorescent antibody technique applied to tissue. In the titration of ABSA, AHGG and AHS both fluorescent methods were more sensitive than the ring precipitin test, when the indirect staining was used. In addition the methods permitted selection of proper fixatives for a given antigen and determination of the proper concentration of labelled antisera for demonstration of tissue antigen.
Effects of Riblets on Skin Friction and Heat Transfer in High-Speed Turbulent Boundary Layers

Direct numerical simulations of spatially developing turbulent boundary layers over riblets are conducted to examine the effects of riblets on skin friction and heat transfer at high speeds. Zero-pressure gradient boundary layers under two flow conditions (Mach 2.5 with Tw/Tr = 1 and Mach 7.2 with Tw/Tr = 0.5) are considered. Simulations are conducted for boundary-layer flows over a clean surface and symmetric V-groove riblets. The DNS results at Mach 2.5 confirm the few existing experimental observations and show that a drag reduction of approximately 7% can be achieved for riblets with proper spacing. The comparisons in turbulence statistics and flow visualizations between a drag-reducing configuration (s + � 20) and a drag-increasing configuration (s + � 40) demonstrate that drag reduction mechanisms proposed for incompressible flows can still apply for highspeed boundary layers. DNS studies at Mach 7.2 further show that riblets remain effective in reducing drag in the hypersonic regime. The Reynolds analogy holds with 2Cf/Ch approximately equal to that of flat plates for the drag-reducing configuration.
Surveillance on Disinfection in Medical Institutions of Dao County

Objective To investigate the status of disinfection hygiene among medical institutions of Dao County,to analyze the existing problems,and to provide the evidence for further enhancing the effectiveness and quality of disinfection. Method According to the Standard of Disinfection Technology,published in 2002,GB15982-1995 the Standard of Hospital Disinfection and Sanitation,GB15980-1995 the Sanitation Standard of Disposable Medical Appliance,and GB15979-1995 the Sanitation Standard of Disposable Hygienic Appliance,all medical institutions in Dao County were sampled and examined. Results The sample's qualified rate was 69.7%,73.6%,80.5%,and 84.6% in turn from 2005 to 2008. The qualified rate of the medical institutions under the jurisdiction of county was 81.8%,the country public health centers' qualified rate was 75.1%,and the individual clinics and village clinics' qualified rate was 72.8%. Conclusion The disinfection effect of medical institutions in Dao County is worried about. Supervision and monitoring for the sanitation should be strengthened,and the quality of disinfection should be improved further,too.
Characterizing Active and Inactive Brown Adipose Tissue in Adult Humans Using PET-CT and MR Imaging

Activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in thermogenesis and whole body metabolism in mammals. Positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) imaging has identifie...
Sitcoms may Make you Laugh and Change your Behavior

More than 75 percent of consumers considering themselves to be “environmentalists” (Osterhus 1997); however, an estimated 160 million consumers have yet to purchase a green product this year (Stengel 2009). A general concern for the environment does not translate into green purchasing behavior (Kaiser et al 1999), thus indicating an attitude-behavior gap is evident in consumers’ green behaviors, a topic not addressed in the academic literature. This study addresses this gap by providing insight into whether behaviors seen on television are mimicked by consumers, or whether they are influenced by messages imbedded in the storyline of popular TV shows. The conceptual model is proposed to better understanding consumers’ attitudes towards the behaviors portrayed on television through a unique form of product placement (PPL) called a behavior placement and whether viewing green efforts lead consumers to embrace those behaviors.
Prenatal programming: adverse cardiac programming by gestational testosterone excess

Adverse events during the prenatal and early postnatal period of life are associated with development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Prenatal exposure to excess testosterone (T) in sheep induces adverse reproductive and metabolic programming leading to polycystic ovarian syndrome, insulin resistance and hypertension in the female offspring. We hypothesized that prenatal T excess disrupts insulin signaling in the cardiac left ventricle leading to adverse cardiac programming. Left ventricular tissues were obtained from 2-year-old female sheep treated prenatally with T or oil (control) from days 30-90 of gestation. Molecular markers of insulin signaling and cardiac hypertrophy were analyzed. Prenatal T excess increased the gene expression of molecular markers involved in insulin signaling and those associated with cardiac hypertrophy and stress including insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K), Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), nuclear factor of activated T cells -c3 (NFATc3), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) compared to controls. Furthermore, prenatal T excess increased the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR. Myocardial disarray (multifocal) and increase in cardiomyocyte diameter was evident on histological investigation in T-treated females. These findings support adverse left ventricular remodeling by prenatal T excess.
The Archaeology of Urbanism in Ancient Egypt : From the Predynastic Period to the End of the Middle Kingdom

In this book, Nadine Moeller challenges prevailing views on Egypt's non-urban past and argues for Egypt as an early urban society. She traces the emergence of urban features during the Predynastic period up to the disintegration of the powerful Middle Kingdom state (c.3500–1650 BC). This book offers a synthesis of the archaeological data that sheds light on the different facets of urbanism in ancient Egypt. Drawing on evidence from recent excavations as well as a vast body of archaeological data, this book explores the changing settlement patterns by contrasting periods of strong political control against those of decentralization. It also discusses households and the layout of domestic architecture, which are key elements for understanding how society functioned and evolved over time. Moeller reveals what settlement patterns can tell us about the formation of complex society and the role of the state in urban development in ancient Egypt.
Challenging the Groupthink of the Guild

The fall in global nominal GDP growth from the precrisis period to the post-crisis period is alarming. Economic policymakers, including central bankers, failed to deliver the economic outcomes that they promised. Monetary policy, in particular, is not readily reducible to a set of immutable truths. Too many in the professoriate rely to our detriment on the outputs of their preferred models. I am troubled by Fed fine-tuning of policy and overpromising of benefits. Measurement challenges are growing faster than our understanding of inflation dynamics. The Fed is preoccupied with its vaunted forecasts. Instead, it should focus its considerable energies on more troubling contemporaneous developments in the real economy.
Effect of Monomer Structure on the CuAAC Polymerization To Produce Hyperbranched Polymers

A series of AB2-R monomers that were composed of one alkynyl group (A), two azido groups (B2), and a dangling group (R) were applied in the copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) polymerization for synthesis of hyperbranched polymers. Several structural variables, including the linker between the alkynyl group and the diazido unit (S1), the linker between the two azido groups (S2), and the composition of R group, were systematically changed to study their effects on the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weights, and the degree of branching (DB) of the hyperbranched polymers. Within the investigation, all polymerizations eventually showed chain-growth features although their starting moments when exhibiting linear increase of molecular weights based on conversions were delayed by the increased length of S1 linker, but little influenced by S2 and R groups. The AB2-R monomer with longer S1 linker, due to slower hopping of Cu catalysts between neighboring structural units, resulted in more l...
Risk, Sociological Study of

Concerns over risk, while seeded in the ancient past, have taken root only in the modern era. The twentieth century began with nearly boundless popular enthusiasm about conquering the scourges of the ages, but despite substantial increases in life expectancies, the century ended with significant doubts. Serious social science involvement in risk issues began near mid-century, with work that sought to improve human responses to natural hazards. By the end of the century, the greater concern involved human-caused hazards that knew no natural solutions. In recent decades, sociologists have studied risk at the level of the individual, the community/organizational, and increasingly, the societal. Despite important variations, the work is characterized by agreement that both the ‘real’ and the socially constructed implications of risks create important societal consequences, being worthy of sociological investigation as well as policy attention. In the years ahead, work is likely to grapple with a paradoxical question that was nearly unthinkable a century earlier—whether the capacity to generate risks may be expanding even more rapidly than the societal capacity to manage them.
Toward Achieving Environmental Sustainability in the Computer Industry

The computer industry has come under increasing scrutiny in terms of energy consumption, the carbon emissions and e-waste. Shipment of e-waste to developing countries where it is often disposed of in unsafe ways is another major issue. Organizations and individuals have a tendency to throw away or store their aging computer technology assets which is not environmentally sustainable and or cost effective. Implementation of an end-to-end computer and related products' sustainability management strategy by incorporating the reuse of existing technology can make a major impact on the environment. Computer industry sustainability management includes design and development of energy efficient computer products, refurbishing of computer assets, purchasing of green or refurbished components and providing sustainability metrics procedures. By implementing sustainability programs, organizations can contribute in reducing the amount of energy spent to develop new computer technology products, help in reducing carbon emission, keep e-waste out of landfills and recycle them. This paper discusses different aspects of sustainable computer industry program and proposes that computer makers take ownership of disposing of e-waste by following safety standards. The paper also proposes adopting reverse supply chain process for possible reuse, recycle or disposal of computers.
OUTCOME OF ANTICOAGULATION THERAPY FOR BIOPROSTHETIC VALVE THROMBOSIS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Background: Limited data exist about bioprosthetic valve thrombosis (BPVT). Methods: Prospective study of patients with suspected BPVT and treated with warfarin at Mayo Clinic, 2013-2016. The study objective was to determine response to anticoagulation therapy defined as a 50% reduction in
Self-Control: Essence and Development

The paper surveys practical knowledge about the act of self-control, particularly how to cultivate it. The discussion is organized around four totally interrelated components: awareness, intervention, sense of self, and sense of will.
Quasi-palindrome effects on DNA sequence evolution

Quasi-palindromes can be harmful or helpful, but most of this functionality is attributed to the formation of cruciforms. Unfortunately, the general properties a sequence must have to facilitate cruciform formation are poorly understood, as most research has focused on case studies of the unusual secondary structures of a few specific sequences. In this work, we investigate the general sequence properties leading to the formation of cruciforms by exploiting the fact that cruciforms lead to an increased mutation rate. We use evolutionary divergences in protein-coding sequences to calculate the mutation rates in quasi-palindromes with different degrees of self-complementarity. We perform this calculation to test different quasi-palindrome properties, then compare the observed patterns with the expected results. The most promising trials indicate that quasi-palindromes must be 10–30bp long with a self-complementarity at least 94% to form cruciforms, and that nucleotides near the center of the sequence are protected from mutation.
Understanding and Controlling the Emission Brightness and Color of Molecular Cerium Luminophores.

Molecular cerium complexes are a new class of tunable and energy-efficient visible- and UV-luminophores. Understanding and controlling the emission brightness and color are important for tailoring them for new and specialized applications. Herein, we describe the experimental and computational analyses for series of tris(guanidinate) (1–8, Ce{(R2N)C(NiPr)2}3, R = alkyl, silyl, or phenyl groups), guanidinate-amide [GA, A = N(SiMe3)2, G = (Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2], and guanidinate-aryloxide (GOAr, OAr = 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide) cerium(III) complexes to understand and develop predictive capabilities for their optical properties. Structural studies performed on complexes 1–8 revealed marked differences in the steric encumbrance around the cerium center induced by various guanidinate ligand backbone substituents, a property that was correlated to photoluminescent quantum yield. Computational studies revealed that consecutive replacements of the amide and aryloxide ligands by guanidinate ligand led to less nonradia...
Associations Between Perceived Stress and Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and Otoxicity in Adult Cancer Survivors

Abstract Context The most common adverse effects from neurotoxic chemotherapy are chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIPN), hearing loss, and tinnitus. Although associations between perceived stress and persistent pain, hearing loss, and tinnitus are documented, no studies have examined these associations in cancer survivors who received neurotoxic chemotherapy. Objectives In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated for associations between perceived stress and the occurrence of CIPN, hearing loss, and tinnitus, in 623 adult cancer survivors who received platinum and/or taxane compounds. Methods Survivors completed self-report measures of hearing loss, tinnitus, and perceived stress (i.e., Impact of Events Scale—Revised [IES-R]). Separate logistic regression analyses were done for each neurotoxicity to evaluate whether each of the IES-R subscale (i.e., intrusion, avoidance, hyperarousal) and total scores made a significant independent contribution to neurotoxicity group membership. Results Of the 623 survivors in this study, 68.4% had CIPN, 34.5% reported hearing loss, and 31.0% reported tinnitus. Older age, higher body mass index, poorer functional status, being born prematurely, cancer diagnosis, and higher intrusion (P = 0.013), hyperarousal (P = 0.014), and total (P = 0.047) IES-R scores were associated with CIPN. Older age, being male, poorer functional status, a worse comorbidity profile, and a higher IES-R hyperarousal (P = 0.007) score were associated with hearing loss. Being male, having less education, a worse comorbidity profile, and a higher IES-R hyperarousal (P = 0.029) score were associated with tinnitus. Conclusion These findings suggest that increased levels of perceived stress are associated with the most common chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicities.
Poor quality reporting of screening mammography is associated with lower rates of diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer in minority-underserved women

5260 We previously demonstrated that lower rates of diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer in minority-underserved women, is in part due to inadequate screening practice, with a need for increased repeat mammography (AACR 2003). In an ongoing study, we retrospectively evaluated the quality of screening mammography reports in 439 consecutive patients with breast cancer, treated at the John Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Minority-Based Community Clinical Oncology Program, which serves the medically-indigent in Chicago. A total of 233 women (53%) had screening mammograms. Significantly more patients with early-stage breast cancer (AJCC stage 0-1) had at least one prior mammogram (74% versus 43% for 2-4; Chi-square p
Historical Trends in Breast Cancer Litigation: A Clinician’s Perspective

If clinical situations frequently leading to the missed diagnosis of breast cancer could be predicted, they could be avoided more easily. Therefore, the focus of a policy of risk prevention in breast cancer diagnosis depends upon an understanding, of which patients and physicians fall into a high-risk profile for frequent diagnostic errors. Drawing upon recent analyses of errors in diagnosis of breast cancer that were derived from three recent clinical studies with distinct viewpoints (including an analysis of civil court litigation, a large insurers claims survey, and a physician survey of individual malpractice claims), a profile of high risk for misdiagnosis is created and analyzed. In particular, a triad of error is discussed, involving (1) young patients, with (2) self-discovered breast masses, and (3) negative mammograms.
Dynamic Ischiofemoral Impingement: Case-Based Evidence of Progressive Pathophysiology from Hip Abductor Insufficiency: A Report of Two Cases.

Case We describe 2 patients with no historical, examination, or imaging evidence of ischiofemoral impingement; they both developed hip abductor insufficiency and subsequent ischiofemoral impingement with progression that was confirmed by examination and advanced imaging. Conclusion Hip abductor insufficiency may lead to dynamic progressive ischiofemoral impingement. Hemipelvic instability from hip abductor weakness results in a Trendelenburg gait, narrowing the ischiofemoral space and impinging the quadratus femoris muscle. Treatment options for dynamic ischiofemoral impingement potentially can focus on treatment of the underlying cause of the hemipelvic instability, preventing additional ischiofemoral-space narrowing and quadratus femoris damage by minimizing the Trendelenburg gait.
LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS WITH OSTEOCHONDRAL ALLOGRAFTS: A Correlation Between Immunologic Responses and Clinical Outcome

This article confirms immunologic responses in humans to histocompatibility antigens (Class I and II) presented by frozen osteochondral allografts. These observations include a correlation of immune responses with long-term clinical outcome. As found in animal models, matching of histocompatibility antigens, particularly to Class II, improves clinical and, presumably, biologic success following implantation of massive frozen bone allografts in humans. The presence of sensitization clearly does not preclude a satisfactory outcome, nor have other reconstructive alternatives (e.g., metallic implants) been shown to be superior in their long-term results.
The asymmetric Ullmann reaction III. Application of a first-order asymmetric transformation to the synthesis of C2-symmetric chiral, non-racemic biaryls

Abstract Heating a diastereomeric mix of (62:38) chiral biaryls with Cu-ion resulted in a (93:7) mix of diastereomers.
Congruence subgroups and twisted cohomology of SL_n(F[t])

Let F be a field of characteristic zero and let V be an irreducible representation of SL_n(F). In this paper, we compute the first cohomology of SL_n(F[t]) with coefficients in V. It agrees with H^1(SL_n(F),V) if V is not the adjoint representation, while if V = Ad, the two groups differ by an F-vector space X. We show that if n=2, X is infinite dimensional, while if n>2, dim X = 1. We also study the abelianization of the kernel of the map SL_n(F[t])-->SL_n(F) given by setting t=0, where now F is any field. We conjecture that this abelianization is the adjoint representation sl_n(F) if n>2 and F is finite, and prove this in the case n=3, F=F_2, F_3.
A Structural Equation Model of Sexual Satisfaction and Relationship Functioning Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals Assigned Female at Birth in Diverse Relationships

While there is a sizeable literature on sexual satisfaction among male-female mixed-sex couples, research examining other types of relationships (e.g., same-sex) is limited. The current study aimed to broaden our understanding of sexual satisfaction across the diverse relationships of sexual and gender minority individuals assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB) and inform models of sexual satisfaction for this population. We examined: (1) differences in sexual satisfaction and characteristics of sexual activity (frequency of sex, frequency of orgasm, duration of sex) by relationship type (same-sex, mixed-sex, gender-diverse) among SGM-AFAB; (2) a model of sexual satisfaction and its correlates; and (3) differences in this model by relationship type. Results indicated cisgender women in relationships with cisgender women (same-sex) reported higher duration of sex, frequency of orgasm, and sexual satisfaction compared to cisgender women in relationships with cisgender men (mixed-sex). There were few differences in characteristics of sexual activity between SGM-AFAB in gender-diverse relationships (involving one or more gender minority partners) and those in same- or mixed-sex relationships. Results indicated similarities across relationship types in a model of sexual satisfaction and its correlates. For all relationship types, more frequent and longer duration of sexual activity predicted higher orgasm frequency, more frequent orgasm predicted higher sexual satisfaction, and higher sexual satisfaction predicted better relationship functioning. Only the association between orgasm frequency and sexual satisfaction varied by relationship type. As one of the first studies examining sexual satisfaction among SGM-AFAB in mixed-sex and gender-diverse relationships, findings substantially further our understanding of sexual satisfaction in this population.
Outer Radial Glia-like Cancer Stem Cells Contribute to Heterogeneity of Glioblastoma

Summary Glioblastoma is a devastating form of brain cancer. To identify aspects of tumor heterogeneity that may illuminate drivers of tumor invasion, we created a glioblastoma tumor cell atlas with single-cell transcriptomics of cancer cells mapped onto a reference framework of the developing and adult human brain. We find that multiple GSC subtypes exist within a single tumor. Within these GSCs, we identify an invasive cell population similar to outer radial glia (oRG), a fetal cell type that expands the stem cell niche in normal human cortex. Using live time-lapse imaging of primary resected tumors, we discover that tumor-derived oRG-like cells undergo characteristic mitotic somal translocation behavior previously only observed in human development, suggesting a reactivation of developmental programs. In addition, we show that PTPRZ1 mediates both mitotic somal translocation and glioblastoma tumor invasion. These data suggest that the presence of heterogeneous GSCs may underlie glioblastoma’s rapid progression and invasion.
Biological Variation: From Principles to Practice. Callum G. Fraser. Washington, DC: AACC Press, 2001, 151 pp., $38.00 ($30.00 AACC members). ISBN 1-890883-49-2.

The preface states that this book provides a simple, but comprehensive, guide on how to produce data on biologic variation, locate them in available literature, and use them in everyday laboratory practice. The book comprises six chapters: “The Nature of Biological Variation”, “Quality Specifications”, “Changes in Serial Results”, “The Utility of Population-based Reference Values”, “Other Uses of Data on Biological Variation”, and “Next Steps”. These are complemented by an index, a four-page glossary, and two supplements entitled “Data on Components of Biological Variation” and “Quality …
Scalable and Adaptive KNN for Regression Over Graphs

The family of $k$ -nearest neighbor ( $k$ NN) schemes comprises simple and effective algorithms that can be used for general machine learning tasks such as classification and regression. The goal of linear $k$ NN regression is to predict the value of an unseen datum as a linear combination of its $k$ neighbors on a graph, which could be found via certain distance metric. Despite the simplicity and effectiveness of $k\mathrm{NN}$ regression, a general problem facing this approach is the proper choice of $k$ . Most of the conventional $k$ NN algorithms simply apply the same $k$ for all data samples, meaning that the data samples are assumed to lie on a regular graph wherein each data sample is connected with $k$ neighbors. However, a constant choice may not be optimal for data lying in a heterogeneous feature space. On the other hand, existing algorithms for adaptively choosing $k$ usually incur high computational complexity, especially for large training datasets. In order to cope with this challenge, this paper introduces a novel algorithm which can adaptively choose $k$ for each data sample; meanwhile it is capable of greatly reducing the training complexity by actively choosing training samples. Real data tests corroborate the efficiency and effectiveness of the novel algorithm.
DNA vaccines: prime time is now

Recently newer synthetic DNA vaccines have been rapidly advanced to clinical study and have demonstrated an impressive degree of immune potency and tolerability. Improvements in DNA delivery over prior needle and syringe approaches include jet delivery, gene gun delivery, among others. Among the most effective of these new delivery methods, advanced electroporation (EP), combined with other advances, induces robust humoral and cellular immunity in both preventative as well as therapeutic studies. Advancements in the design of the DNA inserts include leader sequence changes, RNA and codon optimizations, improved insert designs, increased concentrations of DNA, and skin delivery, appear to complement newer delivery strategies. These advances also provide a framework for the in vivo production of synthetic DNA biologics. In this review, we focus on recent studies of synthetic DNA vaccines in the clinic for the prevention or treatment of infectious diseases with a focus on adaptive electroporation for delivery, and briefly summarize novel preclinical data advancing the in vivo delivery of DNA-encoded antibody-like biologics.
Nitric oxide and the brain. Part 2: Effects following neonatal brain injury-friend or foe?

Nitric oxide (NO) has critical roles in a wide variety of key biologic functions and has intricate transport mechanisms for delivery to key distal tissues under normal conditions. However, NO also plays important roles during disease processes, such as hypoxia–ischemia, asphyxia, neuro-inflammation, and retinopathy of prematurity. The effects of exogenous NO on the developing neonatal brain remain controversial. Inhaled NO (iNO) can be neuroprotective or toxic depending on a variety of factors, including cellular redox state, underlying disease processes, duration of treatment, and dose. This review identifies key gaps in knowledge that should prompt further investigation into the possible role of iNO as a therapeutic agent after injury to the brain.
Production of Stable and Unstable Nuclei and Hyperfragments in 11.5 A GeV/c Au+Pb collisions

We present measurements of the production of stable light nuclei for mass number A<=7, of strongly decaying states He(5) and Li(5) and of the hypernucleus H(3,lambda). We also examine trends in the production of these multibaryon states as a function of kinematic variables and properties of these states including strangeness content.
Tongue and hypoglossal morphology after intralingual cholera toxin B-saporin injection.

Introduction We recently developed an inducible model of dysphagia using intralingual injection of cholera toxin B conjugated to saporin (CTB-SAP) to cause death of hypoglossal neurons. In this study we aimed to evaluate tongue morphology and ultrastructural changes in hypoglossal neurons and nerve fibers in this model. Methods Tissues were collected from 20 rats (10 control and 10 CTB-SAP animals) on day 9 post-injection. Tongues were weighed, measured, and analyzed for microscopic changes using laminin immunohistochemistry. Hypoglossal neurons and axons were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Results The cross-sectional area of myofibers in the posterior genioglossus was decreased in CTB-SAP-injected rats. Degenerative changes were observed in both the cell bodies and distal axons of hypoglossal neurons. Discussion Preliminary results indicate this model may have translational application to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases resulting in tongue dysfunction and associated dysphagia.
Bond pricing with a time-varying price of risk in an estimated medium-scale Bayesian DSGE model1

A New-Keynesian model in which households have Epstein-Zin preferences with time-varying risk aversion and the central bank has a time-varying inflation target can match the dynamics of nominal bond prices in the US economy well. The model generates a large steady-state term spread and its fitting errors for bond yields are comparable to those obtained from a non-structural three-factor model, and one third smaller than in models with a constant inflation target or risk aversion. Including data on interest rates has large effects on variance decompositions, making investment technology shocks much less important than found in other recent papers.
Controlling martensitic transformation characteristics in defect-free NiTi shape memory alloys fabricated using laser powder bed fusion and a process optimization framework

Abstract Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) was utilized to fabricate fully dense, near-equiatomic (Ni50.1Ti49.9) and Ni-rich NiTi (Ni50.8Ti49.2) shape memory alloy (SMA) parts which exhibited tensile ductility up to 16%, shape memory strain of 6%, and tensile superelasticity up to 4%. Annealing heat treatments marginally improved the superelasticity of the as-fabricated Ni-rich NiTi parts due to the formation of a small volume fraction of Ni4Ti3 precipitates. The selection of optimum processing parameters that yielded fully dense parts was guided by a process optimization framework based on a computationally inexpensive analytical model used to predict the melt pool dimensions. The framework also included single-track experiments to validate the model predictions and a criterion for the maximum allowable hatch spacing to prevent the formation of lack of fusion porosity. This framework allowed for constructing L-PBF processing maps for the present NiTi SMAs and revealed that fully dense parts could be printed over a wide range of process parameters. By controlling the L-PBF process parameters, in particular laser power, laser scan speed, and volumetric energy density, in the processing space that result in fully dense parts, it was demonstrated systematically that the composition of the printed parts could be precisely changed by controlling the evaporation of Ni. The flexibility of parameter selection to print defect-free NiTi SMAs and composition control by preferential evaporation of Ni opens the possibility to print functional NiTi SMA parts or devices without post-processing.
The Impact of Burn Survivor Pre-injury Income and Payer Status on Health-Related Quality of Life.

INTRODUCTION The costs required to provide acute care for patients with serious burn injuries are significant. In the US, these costs are often shared by patients. However, the impacts of pre-injury finances on health-related quality of life (HRQL) have been poorly characterized. We hypothesized that lower income and public payers would be associated with poorer HRQL. METHODS Burn survivors with complete data for pre-injury personal income and payer status were extracted from the longitudinal Burn Model System National Database. HRQL outcomes were measured with VR-12 scores at 6, 12, and 24 months post-injury. VR-12 scores were evaluated using generalized linear models, adjusting for potential confounders (e.g., age, gender, self-identified race, burn injury severity). RESULTS 453 participants had complete data for income and payer status. More than one third of BMS participants earned less than $25,000/year (36%), 24% earned $25,000-49,000/year, 23% earned $50,000-99,000/year, 11% earned $100,000-149,000/year, 3% earned $150,000-199,000/year, and 4% earned >$200,000/year. VR-12 mental component (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) scores were highest for those who earned $150-199k/year (55.8 and 55.8), and lowest for those who earned <$25,000/year (49.0 and 46.4). After adjusting for demographics, payer, and burn severity, 12-month MCS and PCS and 24-month PCS scores were negatively associated with Medicare payer (p<0.05). Low income was not significantly associated with lower VR-12 scores. CONCLUSION There was a peaking relationship between HRQL and middle-class income, but this trend was not significant after adjusting for covariates. Public payers, particularly Medicare, were independently associated with poorer HRQL. The findings might be used to identify those at risk of financial toxicity for targeting assistance during rehabilitation.
Social inequalities, reproductive bodies, and technological interventions

In this commentary, I argue that attention to intersecting social inequalities is crucially important for any scholarly analysis of the relationship between transhumanism, markets, and consumption....