cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photoluminescence Properties of Conjugated Phenylacetylene Monodendrons in Thin Films

We report the absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and time-dependent PL of thin films of conjugated phenylacetylene monodendrons at both room temperature and at cryogenic temperature. We find that the PL properties of the monodendron thin films are significantly different from their fluorescence in dilute solution due to the presence of interactions between monodendrons in the thin film. These interactions lead to aggregate species in the thin films, which result in broader PL spectra and lower PL quantum yields than for monodendrons in dilute solution. Evidence for excimer-like aggregates in the monodendron thin films is found from time-resolved PL spectra.
Physiological properties of intradental mechanoreceptors

A major role of tooth receptors in signaling overt or impending tissue damage (nociception) has been previously established by substantial evidence from mechanical, thermal and chemical stimulation of exposed dentin. We report evidence showing that some intradental receptors in canine teeth of the cat detect mechanical transients applied to intact enamel. This new finding suggests that dental innervation may play an important non-nociceptive role in oral function such as detecting tooth contact during mastication and swallowing.
ENERGY PLANNING FOR PUERTO RICO: A SYSTEMS MODELING APPROACH

Abstract This study presents various models for energy planning for the year 2000 in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico depends on imported oil for 99% of its energy needs. The island has many promising energy sources such as biomass (sugar cane bagasse), photovoltaics (solar energy), ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), and wind power systems (WPS). These energy sources present some trade-offs in costs, pollution level, and fuel importation, which are studied. Uncertainty in future demand is taken into account. Integer variables representing the possible electricity generation plants are defined. The best compromise solution using the global criterion method for multiple objectives is presented. The proven alternatives such as coal-steam plants, nuclear plants, and biomass steam plants could have political constraints. New technologies such as photovoltaics, OTEC, and WPS possess many uncertainties. Should the cost of these alternatives be less than the electricity generated using oil, a combination of these en...
cDNA cloning, expression pattern, genomic structure and chromosomal location of RAB6KIFL, a human kinesin-like gene.

Abstract Kinesin-like proteins are microtubule-associated motors that play important roles in intracellular transport and cell division. We report here the characterization of a new human kinesin-like protein, Rabkinesin6 (RAB6KIFL). The composite cDNA sequence is 2957 bp, and encodes a protein of 890 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 100 kDa. It has high homology (93% similarity) with the mouse kinesin-like protein, Rab6kifl, indicating that it is the human homologue of the mouse gene. RAB6KIFL has all of the structural characteristics required to function as a microtubule-associated motor. Unlike the mouse gene which is ubiquitously expressed, RAB6KIFL expression appears to be tissue specific. It is widely expressed in fetal tissues, abundantly expressed in adult thymus, bone marrow and testis, and is expressed at low levels in heart, placenta and spleen. The RAB6KIFL gene is mapped to human chromosome 5, band q31, spans ∼8.5 kb of genomic DNA, and contains 19 exons. RAB6KIFL maps within the smallest commonly deleted segment in myeloid leukemias characterized by a deletion of 5q; however, we detected no mutations of RAB6KIFL in malignant myeloid disorders with loss of 5q. The description of this human kinesin-like protein may provide a better understanding of the diversity of this large family of proteins.
Measuring pain in persons with spinal cord injury

Reliable and valid pain assessment is a prerequisite for effective pain treatment. This article reviews the psychometric strengths and weaknesses of available measures of pain intensity, pain affect, pain quality, pain location, pain’s temporal characteristics, and pain interference and makes specific recommendations regarding which measures of these domains should be used in persons with spinal cord injury and chronic pain.
First Lady of the Confederacy: Varina Davis's Civil War

First Lady of the Confederacy: Varina Davis's Civil War JOAN E. CASHIN Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008 Pp. 403, $18.95 (pbk), ISBN 978 0 6740 3037 4 There is a saying that well-behave...
Purification of thiogalactoside transacetylase by affinity chromatography

Thiogalactoside transacetylase, the product of the lacA gene of the lactose operon of Escherichia coli, has been purified by an improved procedure. The enzyme binds tightly to immobilized Cibacron Blue F3GA columns and can be eluted by potassium chloride in high concentrations. Final purification was obtained by affinity chromatography on an agarose-coenzyme A column followed by gel filtration.
Imaging salt creep by autoradiography of36Cl−-tagged salt grains

The surfaces of crushed salt /NaCl/ grains were equilibrated with36Cl− to produce a radioactive rim that was imaged by autoradiography. The tagged salt was compacted at pressures up to 138 MPa /20 000 psi/ for as long as 5 d to induce flow. Autoradiographs of the pressed salt show that plastic deformation /creep/ rather than pressure dissolution was the dominant compaction process under these short duration experimental conditions.
Magnetic resonance imaging of cystic meningiomas and its surgical implications

ABSTRACTOUR PURPOSE WAS to document the incidence and imaging features of cystic meningiomas, to correlate the imaging features of cystic meningiomas with the histopathological findings, and to analyze the surgical implications of the imaging features of cystic meningiomas. The imaging studies, clin
Unified Model in Intermediate Coupling Applied to the Odd-Mass Isotopes of Indium

The unified model in intermediate coupling has been applied to the odd-mass isotopes of indium ${\mathrm{In}}^{109\ensuremath{-}117}$. Using three free parameters: the dimensionless interaction parameter, $\ensuremath{\xi}$; the effective ${2}^{+}$ phonon energy of the core, $\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}$; and the single-particle energy separations, ${E}_{j}$, theoretical energy spectra were fitted to the experimental spectra. The wave functions obtained during the diagonalization of the Hamiltonian were used in calculating magnetic dipole moments for the ground and first excited states, the quadrupole moments of the ground states, and $M1$ and $E2$ reduced transition probabilities for transitions between the second and first excited states. In reproducing the observed values of the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments, effective values of the spin $g$ factor and interaction strength parameter were employed. These were found to vary remarkably smoothly with the mass number $A$. The following values for the hitherto unmeasured properties of the indium isotopes are predicted: magnetic moment of the ground state of ${\mathrm{In}}^{117}$, $5.516{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{N}$; the quadrupole moment of the ground state of ${\mathrm{In}}^{117}$; 1.057\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$; and the $B(M1)$ and $B(E2)$ values for ${\mathrm{In}}^{113}$ for the decay of the second excited state to the first excited, $0.708{e}^{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and $0.149{e}^{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{({10}^{\ensuremath{-}24} {\mathrm{cm}}^{2})}^{2}$, respectively. The results compare favorably with those obtained by other investigators using other models.
The kinetics and equilibria of the platinum-chlorine system

Abstract The kinetics and vapor-solid equilibria of the platinum-chlorine system have been studied between 470° and 880°C at chlorine pressures of 152–760 torr. Three kinetic regions, differentiated by separate controlling mechanisms, were found. Correlations were made between the kinetic factors and equilibria involving 1. (1) the vapor pressure of Pt 6 Cl 12 , 2. (2) chlorine and Pt 6 Cl 12 vapor in equilibrium with platinum, 3. (3) chlorine and Pt 3 Cl 3 vapor over platinum.
Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by codelivery of disease associated Peptide and dexamethasone in acetalated dextran microparticles.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that can cause loss of motor function and is thought to result, in part, from chronic inflammation due to an antigen-specific T cell immune response. Current treatments suppress the immune system without antigen specificity, increasing the risks of cancer, chronic infection, and other long-term side effects. In this study, we show treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, by coencapsulating the immunodominant peptide of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) with dexamethasone (DXM) into acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) microparticles (DXM/MOG/MPs) and administering the microparticles subcutaneously. The clinical score of the mice was reduced from 3.4 to 1.6 after 3 injections 3 days apart with the coencapsulated microparticulate formulation (MOG 17.6 μg and DXM 8 μg). This change in clinical score was significantly greater than observed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), empty...
Neutral metalloendopeptidase associated with the smooth muscle cells of pregnant rat uterus

The pregnant rat uterus contains a membrane-bound metalloendopeptidase that is biochemically and immunologically similar to kidney enkephalinase (E.C.3.4.24.11). The uterus enzyme readily cleaved specific neutral endopeptidase substrates and oxytocin as well as the synthetic elastase substrate, Suc(Ala)3-pNA, yet did not digest native elastin. Using specific inhibitors, the uterus endopeptidase was identified as a metallopeptidase and not a serine protease, having an absolute requirement for zinc and perhaps calcium for maximal activity. The uterus endopeptidase cross-reacted with polyclonal antiserum to kidney microvillar endopeptidase and a monoclonal antibody to common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen. Immunohistochemical localization of the enzyme in a 17 day pregnant uterus indicated that the enzyme was localized on the smooth muscle bundles of the myometrium and the endometrial epithelium. Total enzyme activity was 25 times higher in the late-term pregnant uterus (17th day of pregnancy) than in the nonpregnant uterus. Enzyme levels dropped rapidly prior to parturition and within 4 days after delivery the enzyme activity had returned to control levels. Inhibition of NEP in uterine strips with phosphoramidon resulted in a marked potentiation of oxytocin-induced contractions. Our results suggest that the uterine endopeptidase may have an important role in regulating uterine smooth muscle cell contraction during the later stages of pregnancy through its action on oxytocin and perhaps other biologically active peptides.
Menstrual disturbances in various thyroid diseases

The prevalence of menstrual disturbances, including secondary amenorrhea, hypomenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, hypermenorrhea, polymenorrhea and irregular menstrual cycle were prospectively examined in 586 patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease, 111 with hypothyroidism, 558 with euthyroid chronic thyroiditis, 202 with painless thyroiditis and 595 with thyroid tumor. In the overall patient group, the prevalence did not different from that in 105 healthy controls. However, patients with severe hyperthyroidism showed a higher prevalence of secondary amenorrhea (2.5%) and hypomenorrhea (3.7%) than those (0.2% and 0.9%, respectively) with mild or moderate hyperthyroidism. Moreover, patients with severe hypothyroidism had a higher prevalence (34.8%) of menstrual disturbances than mild-moderate cases (10.2%). Menstrual disturbances in thyroid dysfunction were less frequent than previously thought.
Fringing-field dielectrophoretic assembly of ultrahigh-density semiconducting nanotube arrays with a self-limited pitch

One key challenge of realizing practical high-performance electronic devices based on single-walled carbon nanotubes is to produce electronically pure nanotube arrays with both a minuscule and uniform inter-tube pitch for sufficient device-packing density and homogeneity. Here we develop a method in which the alternating voltage-fringing electric field formed between surface microelectrodes and the substrate is utilized to assemble semiconducting nanotubes into well-aligned, ultrahigh-density and submonolayered arrays, with a consistent pitch as small as 21±6 nm determined by a self-limiting mechanism, based on the unique field focusing and screening effects of the fringing field. Field-effect transistors based on such nanotube arrays exhibit record high device transconductance (>50 μS μm(-1)) and decent on current per nanotube (~1 μA per tube) together with high on/off ratios at a drain bias of -1 V.
Variability in Puccinia melanocephala Pathogenicity and Resistance in Sugarcane Cultivars

Brown rust, caused by Puccinia melanocephala, is an important disease of sugarcane worldwide, controlled primarily with host plant resistance. Disease response shifts from resistant to susceptible have been repeatedly observed for cultivars. However, information is limited concerning pathogen variability related to host reactions. To evaluate variability in the pathogen population and characterize resistance responses in different host genotypes, seven cultivars were inoculated with four urediniospore collections from three cultivars. Greenhouse-grown plants were inoculated under controlled conditions favorable for infection and disease development. Severity assessed as leaf area occupied by lesions, lesion density, and lesion size was determined and compared. Three cultivars that shifted from resistance to high susceptibility while under cultivation exhibited differential disease severity when inoculated with spore collections from two of the respective cultivars. Two cultivars exhibited consistent moderate to high levels of quantitative resistance against all spore collections and two cultivars, including one with the Bru1 resistance gene, were highly resistant to all collections. Differential reactions were best revealed by assessing percent leaf area. Pathogenic variability related to host genotype was confirmed, and quantitative resistance was detected that could be useful to improve breeding and selection for effective, durable resistance to brown rust.
Use of the drug-binding protein from electric tissue to explain the action of neurotropic agents

Abstract The drug-binding protein from the electric organ of the electric eel forms precipitate with local anesthetics, chlorpromazine, benadryl, banthine, D -tubocurarine, chlorisondamine and protamine. The strength of interaction of these drugs, as shown by a quantitative precipitation procedure and equilibrium dialysis, is greater with this protein than with others examined. The protein combines weakly in solution and fails to precipitate with acetylcholine, carbamylcholine, decamethonium, and prostigmine. The potency of blockade of the lipoid-soluble drugs on squid axon is predictable from their strength of binding to the protein. After cobra venom, D -tubocurarine, chlorisondamine and protamine block squid axon whereas ACh, carbachol, decamethonium and prostigmine were inactive. These results suggest that the drug-binding protein may be used as a model for explaining the action of neurotropic compounds on nerve.
Geochemistry and isotopes of fluids from sulphur springs, Valles Caldera, New Mexico

Abstract Detailed geochemistry supported by geologic mapping has been used to investigate Sulphur Springs, an acid-sulfate hot spring system that issues from the western flank of the resurgent dome inside Valles Caldera. The most intense activity occurs at the intersection of faults offsetting caldera-fill deposits and post-caldera rhyolites. Three geothermal wells in the area have encountered pressures 4 ⩽8000 mg/l. These conditions cause argillic alterations throughout a large area. Non-condensible gases consist of roughly 99% CO 2 with minor amounts of H 2 S, H 2 , and CH 4 . Empirical gas geothermometry suggests a deep reservoir temperature of 215 to 280°C. Comparison of 13 C and 18 O between CaCO 3 from well cuttings and CO 2 from fumarole steam indicates a fractionation temperature between 200 and 300°C by decarbonation of hydrothermally altered Paleozoic limestone and vein calcite in the reservoir rocks. Tritium concentrations obtained from steam condensed in a mudpot and deep reservoir fluids (Baca #13, ∼278°C) are 2.1 and 1.0 T.U. respectively, suggesting the steam originates from a reservoir whose water is mostly >50 yrs old. Deuterium contents of fumarole steam, deep reservoir fluid, and local meteoric water are practically identical even though 18 O contents range through 4‰, thus, precipitation on the resurgent dome of the caldera could recharge the hydrothermal system by slow percolation. From analysis of D and 18 O values between fumarol steam and deep reservoir fluid, steam reaches the surface either (1) by vaporizing relatively shallow groundwater at 200°C or (2) by means of a two-stage boiling process through an intermediate level reservoir at roughly 200°C. Although many characteristics of known vapor-dominated geothermal systems are found at Sulphur Springs, fundamental differences exist in temperature and pressure of our postulated vapor-zone. We propose that the reservoir beneath Sulphur Springs is too small or too poorly confined to sustain a “true” vapor-dominated system and that the Sulphur Springs system may be a “dying” vapor-dominated system that has practically boiled itself dry.
Binding of the Adhesive Protein Complex (LFA-1/Mac-1/p150,95) to Concanavalin A

At least 30 proteins from human PMNL plasma membranes capable of binding concanavalin A (Con A), can be identified after surface labeling with 125I and subsequent sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Immunoprecipitation of the labeled proteins after solubilization in non-ionic detergents, with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against a family of leukocyte membrane proteins (LFA-1, Mac-1, p150,95, and the beta subunit these glycoproteins share), indicated that Mac-1 and p150,95 were bound by Con A. Dissociation of the alpha and beta subunits with sodium dodecyl sulfate, electrophoresis, transfer to nitrocellulose paper, and subsequent binding of these proteins by Con A demonstrated Con A retention by Mac-1-alpha, p150,95-alpha, and the common beta subunit. Affinity of Con A for LFA-1-alpha from human peripheral blood PMNL could not be confirmed by direct binding or electroblotting. Similar experiments in a patient deficient in LFA-1, Mac-1, p150,95, and the beta subunit confirmed that Mac-1-alpha and the beta subunit were important Con A-binding proteins.
Imaging the tongue and vocal tract.

ABSTRACTSThe internal structures of the vocal tract are difficult to measure without impinging upon their normal movement patterns. Imaging techniques overcome that difficulty because they measure internal movement indirectly, without direct contact with the structures. This paper examines four well-known imaging techniques: X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound. Tongue and vocal tract researchers have employed all of these techniques. Imaging systems provide very different articulatory information from flesh point tracking systems. They provide information about the shape and position of the entire imaged structure, rather than a single point on the structure. In addition, images usually can be made in multiple planes, providing midsagittal, parasagittal, coronal, transverse and oblique sections of the structure. However, these systems have several limitations. CT and MRI create static images only. Ultrasound cannot image hard tissue. Radiation exposure limits t...
Comparison of Statistical Methods to Classify Environmental Genomic Fragments

“Binning” (or taxonomic classification) of DNA sequence reads is an initial step to analyzing an environmental biological sample. Currently, a homology-based tool, BLAST, is one of the most commonly used tools to label DNA reads, but it is argued that BLAST will quickly lose its classification ability as the genome databases grow. In this paper, we compare the accuracies of a naive Bayes classifier (NBC) and statistical language model to BLAST for binning reads and demonstrate that NBC obtains good performance for the low cost of computational complexity. On the other hand, the back-off n-gram language model can improve accuracy when only partial training data is available (such as in-progress sequencing projects). NBC demonstrates comparable performance to BLAST and can also be optimized on partial training datasets by adjusting the word feature size. A fivefold cross validation is conducted to compare each method's accuracy for determining novel genomes at different taxonomic levels, with NBC outperforming BLAST for species-level classification but BLAST outperforming NBC for genus-level and phyla-level classification. In conclusion, the NBC is a competitive taxonomic classifier, and language models can improve performance when only partial training data is available.
Critical issues in the management of information systems in Nigeria: an empirical study

This is an empirical study that surveyed information managers in Nigeria to determine issues that are critical to managers of information systems in a developing economy. Information managers, like their counterparts in developed nations where similar studies of key issues had been studied, face many challenges. A sample survey strategy is used with a questionnaire requesting managers to rank issues from the most important to the least important issues. The questionnaires containing 29 issues are evaluated. One hundred questionnaires are distributed. Seventy-six questionnaires are returned. The top three issues critical to the managers are infrastructure and power supply, information and data security and availability of skill human resources. The top critical issue is contrary to results of similar studies in developed countries that show that the critical issue is improving the link between information systems strategy and business strategy. The paper discusses those issues considered important for proper perspectives of management of information systems in a developing nation.
father absence and cross‐sex identity: the puberty rites controversy revisited

This paper re-examines the puberty rites controversy associated with the work of John Whiting. Whiting explains the cross-cultural association between severe male puberty rites and low salience of father in the early socialization process by means of the intervening variable of ambivalence in sex (gender) identity in the growing male. The authors of this paper investigated this intervening variable directly in a polygynous community in the United States. Their findings did not support the Whiting hypothesis. Furthermore, a review of the recent literature on the subject also did not support this hypothesis. Finally, a discussion of cognitive theory as it applies to the problem of male identity suggests alternative ways of viewing this issue.
Proton irradiation effects on 2Gb flash memory

We report total ionizing dose and single event effects on 2 Gb Samsung flash memory devices after exposure to 200 MeV protons to various doses up to 83 krad(Si). We characterize observed failures and single event upsets on 22 devices from two different lots. Devices from both lots are robust to greater than 20 krad(Si) although we see evidence for lot-to-lot variation where only one lot appears robust up to about 50 krad(Si). Single event upsets are observed at a relatively low rate and are consistent with single isolated bit flips within registers that transfer bits to and from the flash memory cells.
Efficient generation of far-infrared radiation from a periodically poled LiNbO_3 waveguide based on surface-emitting geometry

We investigate efficient generation of far-infrared (far-IR) radiation in 13–30 μm based on difference-frequency generation in a periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide. The efficient conversion is made possible by utilizing a surface-emitting geometry under which the two incoming optical waves propagate along a waveguide, whereas the far-IR radiation is emitted from the waveguide surface. Under such a configuration, we can exploit the enhancements to the second-order nonlinear coefficients due to polariton resonances in the far-IR region. Based on our estimates, the average output power is expected to reach 2.1 mW.
Cover cropping affects soil N2O and CO2 emissions differently depending on type of irrigation

Agricultural management practices such as subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and winter legume cover cropping (WLCC) influence soil water dynamics as well as carbon and nitrogen cycling, potentially changing emission rates of soil CO2 and N2O, principal greenhouse gases. A split plot tomato field trial in California’s Central Valley was used to evaluate the use of SDI and WLCC on event-based CO2 and N2O emissions. SDI and WLCC were compared to the region’s more conventional practices: furrow irrigation (FI) and no cover crop (NCC). Our results indicate that SDI offers the potential to manage cover crops without the significant increases in greenhouse gas production during the growing season as seen under FI cover-cropped systems. The highest N2O emissions occurred during the beginning of the rainy season in November in the FI–WLCC treatment (5 mg m−2 h−1) and the lowest in August in the SDI–NCC treatments (4.87 gm −2 h −1 ). CO2 emissions ranged from 200 mg m −2 h −1 during the rainy season (winter) and >500 m−2 h−1 during the growing season. Though no differences were detected in CO2 emissions between irrigation practices, mean CO2 emissions under WLCC were 40% and 15% greater compared to NCC under FI and SDI, respectively. The treatment with the greatest effect on CO2 and N2O emissions was WLCC, which increased average growing season N2O and CO2 emissions under FI by 60 gN 2 Om −2 h −1
Oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids enhance receptor-mediated uptake of low density lipoproteins in Hep-G2 cells.

Abstract In the present study, the binding, internalization and degradation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was investigated in Hep-G2 cells treated with 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3. In non-treated control cells, the surface binding (heparin-releasable) of 125I-LDL progressed in a saturable manner reaching equilibrium within 2 h, amounting 24.0 ± 1.1, 29.5 ± 1.3 and 31.4 ± 2.8 (ng/mg cell protein) at 1, 2 and 4 h, respectively. The cells rapidly internalized 125I-LDL reaching a plateau at 2 h (72.4 ± 6.3/1 h, 96.7 ± 4.3/2 h and 100.8 ± 4.6 ng/mg protein/4 h, respectively). The degradation of internalized LDL progressed slowly during the first hour of incubation reflecting the time required to an uptake and delivery of LDL to the cellular lysosomes. The levels of degraded LDL discharged into the medium then increased rapidly in a linear manner after the initial lag period, amounting 16.8 ± 1.2, 51.8 ± 7.0 and 118.2 ± 5.7 ng/mg protein at 1, 2 and 4 h, respectively. The treatment of cells with of 1.0 mM of fatty acids for 4 h resulted in a significant increase in the surface binding of 125I-LDL compared to the control (34.9 ± 3.0), but it was significantly lower in cells exposed to 18:0 (48.2 ± 2.0) than to 18:1 (56.8 ± 5.1), 18:2 (56.0 ± 3.5) and 18:3 (57.8 ± 6.0 ng/mg protein/4 h) (P
Eye Movements and Strategy Shift in Skill Acquisition: Adult Age Differences

Objectives. The current article explores age differences in skill acquisition. We validated strategy self-reports, evaluated whether eye movements may be automatic as well as information seeking, and considered the contribution of eye movements to age differences in overall performance. Methods. Young and older adults performed the noun-pair lookup (NP) task. With practice, pairs (e.g., IVY-BIRD) in a lookup table can be verified by memory rather than by visual search. Trials used (1) standard stimuli, (2) memory tests without the lookup table, or (3) memory tests with a table filled with uninformative placeholders. Results. For standard trials, reported scanning was associated with more table gazes, relative to reported retrieval. The lookup table was occasionally fixated during reported retrieval, particularly by older adults, but the table target pair was no more likely to be gazed than other table pairs. For memory probes, older adults also gazed the lookup table when filled with placeholders, indicating that eye movements can represent attentional capture rather than information seeking. Discussion. Strategy self-reports in the NP task can be considered valid measures of strategy use. However, unnecessary automatic eye movements that appear to influence older adults’ NP task performance cannot be identified by strategy reports alone.
North African Historiography and the Westerner: The Maghrib as Seen by David Gordon

For the people of the Third World, nationhood in the twentieth century frequently demands the solution of a dual complexity: on the one hand, a search for an identity long suppressed by colonialism; and on the other hand, an effort to come to terms with the problems engendered by often violent entry into modernity. The challenge presented by this quest for self-identity and self-determination is at once paradoxical and parallel. Under foreign domination the colonized is denied his past, his real history; in addition he is forbidden any role in the making of his future. No wonder then that modern revolutionary movements stress the necessity for recovering the colonized's indigenous background — his roots — as a necessary corollary to independence and the eradication of colonialism. In a sense the student of history also shares in the problem. Particularly is this true of students in North African history for in the pursuit of knowledge about the Maghrib's past and present, where does one turn historiographically? For purposes of organization only, three prospective “schools” of historical analysis are considered here: colonialist, nationalist, and Western. In suggesting these three “schools,” I make no attempt to be inclusive; many other variations are possible. The model used here is presented simply as a guide to complement the discussion which follows. The aspiring historian may first seek truth in history as written by the colonialist. In most instances, however, this will prove inadequate because the colonizer usually relegates the pre-colonial past to obscurity; history under dynamic colonialism or protectionism is inevitably seen as forever enlightened whereas independence is chaotic and despotic, if the colonizer bothers to write about the reborn nation at all.
Relationships Among Positive Emotions, Coping, Resilience and Mental Health‡

The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions suggests that positive emotions can widen the range of potential coping strategies that come to mind and subsequently enhance one's resilience against stress. Studies have shown that high stress, especially chronic levels of stress, strongly contributes to the development of anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, researchers have also found that individuals who possess high levels of resilience are protected from stress and thus report lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Using a sample of 200 postdoctoral research fellows, the present study examined if (a) positive emotions were associated with greater resilience, (b) coping strategies mediated the link between positive emotions and resilience and (c) resilience moderated the influence of stress on trait anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results support the broaden-and-build theory in that positive emotions may enhance resilience directly as well as indirectly through the mediating role of coping strategies-particularly via adaptive coping. Resilience also moderated the association of stress with trait anxiety and depressive symptoms. Although stress is unavoidable and its influences on anxiety and depressive symptoms are undeniable, the likelihood of postdocs developing anxiety or depressive symptoms may be reduced by implementing programmes designed to increase positive emotions, adaptive coping strategies and resilience.
CEO Replacement and Compensation Around Dividend Omissions

Agency theory suggests that to motivate a firm’s managers to act in the best interests of the firm’s shareholders, managerial compensation should be directly tied to firm performance. In this study, the measure of firm performance used to test this theory is the decision by a firm to omit its common stock dividend. A dividend omission is taken to indicate that the firm’s management and board of directors believe that the current and future earnings prospects (performance) of the firm are poor. In a sample of firms that omitted their dividend sometime during the years 1987 through 1992, we find that, on average, the CEOs (Chief Executive Officers) of these firms experienced significant decreases in total compensation (wealth) around the time of the dividend omission. Not surprisingly, the CEOs who experienced the greatest compensation loss were the 61.4% of CEOs who lost their jobs. The probability that a CEO would be replaced around the time of the dividend omission was found to be directly related to the CEO’s age and inversely related to the firm’s performance and CEO share ownership.
Use of belimumab throughout pregnancy to treat active systemic lupus erythematosus—A case report

Abstract Background Pregnancy can lead to flares in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the presence of SLE in pregnancy could lead to a poor outcome for the mother and the fetus. Objective To describe a patient whose active SLE (including lupus nephritis) was managed with the use of belimumab throughout pregnancy. Methods A case report and review of relevant literature is presented. Results A 38-year-old Caucasian woman with SLE was seen for advice regarding planning a pregnancy and management of her active lupus (cutaneous lupus, angioedema, lupus nephritis, leukopenia, and anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome) that could only be controlled by mycophenolate, a drug contraindicated in pregnancy. Azathioprine, hydroxychloroquine, rituximab, and moderate doses of prednisone were either unable to control her disease or led to unacceptable toxicity. After detailed discussions, she was treated with belimumab, which controlled her SLE and allowed withdrawal of mycophenolate. Belimumab was continued throughout the pregnancy, leading to well-controlled SLE and uneventful course, albeit with the presence of mild Ebstein׳s anomaly in the baby. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first case report of belimumab use throughout pregnancy for controlling active SLE. Data from the belimumab pregnancy registry would be useful to confirm our findings and to further assess safety of this agent for use in pregnancy.
Profiles of Hepatic Cellular Protein Adduction by Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxynonenal

The peroxidative degradation of membrane lipids is initiated by free radicals originating from oxygen or in certain cases, the metabolism of xenobiotics. It is generally agreed that the peroxidation of polyunsaturated membrane lipids is a well-controlled, ongoing event associated with normal cell turnover and the overall process of aging. Conversely, the process of uncontrolled lipid peroxidation is a biochemical event associated with hepatic injury as a result of exposure to halogenated hydrocarbons, excessive alcohol ingestion, and acute or chronic iron overload (Comporti, 1985). Consistent with the auto-catalytic nature of lipid peroxoidation, each of these chemical agents can result in the production of a radical species capable of initiating lipid peroxidation.
Cancer Risk Factors: An Analysis of Utah Mormons and Non-Mormons

In a comparison of Mormons and non-Mormons in Utah, more Mormon men and women married spouses of the same faith, were religiously active, were of Northern Europe ancestry, lived in rural areas, had fewer exposures to occupational hazards, were less likely to smoke cigarettes or drink coffee, tea, and alcohol, used fats in cooking, and were more often married that was the cohort of other religions. No differences existed in occupation, but Mormon men had completed more years of schooling. Mormon women were less likely to be college graduates, had fewer sexual partners, had more pregnancies, were older at first pregnancy, were less likely to use birth control pills, had fewer miscarriages and hysterectomies, examined their breasts more often, and had more breast X-rays. For women, there was only a small difference by religion for age at first intercourse and no difference for age at which they began using birth control pills. Religious activity was examined for Mormons, and in most instances inactive Mormons were more like the non-Mormon population in respect to the variables measured.
Are Prophylactic Postoperative Antibiotics Necessary for Immediate Breast Reconstruction? Results of a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background Closed-suction drains, implants, and acellular dermal matrix (ADM) are routinely used in tissue expander-based immediate breast reconstruction (TE-IBR). Each of these factors is thought to increase the potential for surgical site infection (SSI). Although CDC guidelines recommend only 24 hours of antibiotic prophylaxis after TE-IBR, current clinical practices vary significantly. This study evaluated the difference in SSI between 2 different prophylactic antibiotic durations. Study Design A noninferiority randomized controlled trial was designed in which TE-IBR patients received antibiotics either 24 hours postoperatively or until drain removal. The primary outcome was SSI, as defined by CDC criteria. Operative and postoperative protocols were standardized. Secondary endpoints included clinical outcomes up to 1 year and all implant loss, or reoperation. Results There were 112 TE-IBR patients (180 breasts) using ADM who were randomized into 2 study arms, with 62 patients in the 24-hour group and 50 in the extended group. Surgical site infection was diagnosed in 12 patients in the 24-hour group and 11 in the extended group (19.4% vs 22.0%, p = 0.82). The extended group had 7 patients who required IV antibiotics and an overall implant loss in 7 patients (14.0%). The 24-hour group had 4 patients who required IV antibiotics, with 3 requiring removal (4.8%). Patients with diabetes, postoperative seroma, or wound dehiscence were all more likely to develop SSI (p Conclusions In a randomized controlled noninferiority trial, 24 hours of antibiotics is equivalent to extended oral antibiotics for SSI in TE-IBR patients. Additional multicenter trials will further assess this important aspect of TE-IBR postoperative care.
Residential addiction treatment for injection drug users requiring intravenous antibiotics: a cost-reduction strategy.

Objectives Injection drug users (IDUs) are prone to developing infections and complications requiring prolonged intravenous (IV) antibiotic treatment. Our institution's unique multidisciplinary approach provides special consideration and successful management of IDUs in a residential addiction treatment facility with nurse-administered IV antibiotics. Our hypothesis is that hospital costs can be reduced by providing both IV antibiotics and addiction treatment in a community residential treatment setting outside the hospital. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for inpatients requiring prolonged antibiotic treatment who were admitted to the university teaching hospital between January 2006 and December 2011 and were treated at the residential addiction treatment facility. Data were gathered to characterize this population of patients and estimate cost savings. Results A total of 205 patients were sent to the residential addiction treatment facility from 2006 to 2011. The majority were African American, men, and in their early forties. Heroin was the most popular injected substance, but most patients were polysubstance users, including alcohol and tobacco. The most common infections were osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. There was a 73% completion rate of antibiotic treatment in this program. The relapse rate for return to illicit drug use was at least 32%. This program has resulted in a significant cost savings of $2.43 million in a 6-year period. Conclusions The program saved $2.43 million over 6 years for the health care system by reducing hospital length of stay with safe and appropriate discharge planning for IDUs with infections requiring long-term IV antibiotics.
Results From a Full-Scale Propeller Icing Test

Tests to investigate and document leading-edge and runback propeller ice accretions in Appendix C icing conditions, as well as an attempt to approximately duplicate a propeller ice accretion from a Mitsubishi MU-2B flight test propeller which experienced full-span ice accretion in suspected supercooled large drop (SLD) icing conditions were conducted in the McKinley climactic chamber, Eglin AFB, in November 2006. This paper reviews the test objectives, setup, and resulting data.
Diverse hematological phenotypes of β-thalassemia carriers

Most β-thalassemia carriers have mild anemia, low mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and elevated hemoglobin α2 (HbA2 ). However, there is considerable variability resulting from coinheritance with α- and/or δ-globin gene mutations, dominant inheritance of β-thalassemia mutations, highly unstable variant globin chains, large deletions removing part or all of the β-globin gene cluster, loss of heterozygosity of the β-globin gene cluster during development, or concomitant erythroid enzyme or membrane protein abnormalities. Recognition of the specific abnormality and correct diagnosis can allay anxiety and unnecessary investigation, help formulate treatment programs, and deliver appropriate genetic and family counseling.
Clinical analysis of xiyanping in the treatment of severe handfoot-and-mouth disease

Objective To summarize the experience of clinical diagnosis and treatment and etiologic analysis of severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease.Methods 71 children with severe HFMD selected in our hospital from October 2012 to December 2012 were given mannite dehydration therapy,hormone short-term therapy,and Xiyanping antiviral therapy.All cases with hypertension were given phentolamine antihypertensive treatment actively,44 cases of them were given phentolamine 20μg/(kg.min),hypertension still not controlled intravenous drip sodium nitroprusside.EV71 and CoxA16 were detected by faecal RT-PCR nucleic acid detection.Results Through positive and effective treatment,70 cases with clinical symptoms disappearing discharged,and 1 case with double lower limbs paralysis improved significantly,discharged and cured after haif month of follow-up treatment.The faecal detection results of 63 cases(88.73%) were positive,56 cases(88.89%) of them with EV71 positive,3 cases(4.76%) with mixed infection,4 cases(6.35%) with EV positive.Conclusion HFMD has become a more common and important pediatrics infectious disease that seriously endangers children's health now.EV71 infection is the most main cause of severe cases.All cases happen hypertension,and the severity of hypertension is proportional to the condition.All cases control hypertension actively at the time of treatment of viral encephalitis,reduce the cases number and dosage of intravenous gamma globulin,shorten length of hospital stay,reduce the medical cost,and obtain satisfactory curative effect.Paying attention to and early detecting,diagnosing,curing the children with severe HFMD and controlling hypertension are one of the most important measures for HFMD,and the key to reduce the mortality and disability rates of severe HFMD furthest.
SOD2 (MnSOD) does not suppress tumorigenicity or metastasis of human melanoma C8161 cells.

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, encoded by the SOD2 gene mapping to chromosome 6q25) has been implicated as a tumor suppressor and as a metastasis suppressor in some tumor cell lines. We showed that introduction of an intact chromosome 6 into the metastatic melanoma cell line C8161 completely suppressed metastasis but did not affect tumorigenicity (Welch et al., (1994) Oncogene 9 :255). The purpose of this study was to test whether SOD2 is the gene responsible for metastasis suppression. MnSOD protein levels of C8161 (measured by Western blot), before and after transfer of chromosome 6, showed no correlation with metastatic potential. To determine whether the lack of correlation was due to mutant, nonfunctional SOD2, a highly metastatic subclone of C8161 (C8161cl.9) was transfected with functional SOD2 or vector control (pSFFV). Metastatic potential and tumorigenicity were unchanged. Southern and Northern blots confirmed the presence of the transfected SOD2 ; however, total MnSOD protein and antioxidant activity were not significantly altered. These results suggest that levels of MnSOD are highly regulated within C8161 melanoma cells and that SOD2 does not suppress tumor formation nor metastatic potential in all human melanomas.
Survivorship, development, and fecundity of buck moth (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) on common tree species in the Gulf Coast urban forest

Hemileuca maia maia (Drury), the buck moth, is abundant in urban areas of the Gulf Coast region where it defoliates oaks. However, the extent to which the buck moth can survive on other tree specie...
Altered redox mitochondrial biology in the neurodegenerative disorder fragile X-tremor/ataxia syndrome: use of antioxidants in precision medicine.

A 55–200 expansion of the CGG nucleotide repeat in the 5′-UTR of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) is the hallmark of the triplet nucleotide disease known as the “premutation” as opposed to those with >200 repeats, known as the full mutation or fragile X syndrome. Originally, premutation carriers were thought to be free of phenotypic traits; however, some are diagnosed with emotional and neurocognitive issues and, later in life, with the neurodegenerative disease fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Considering that mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in fibroblasts and post-mortem brain samples from carriers of the premutation, we hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result in cumulative oxidative-nitrative damage. Fibroblasts from premutation carriers (n = 31, all FXTAS-free except 8), compared with age- and sex-matched controls (n = 25), showed increased mitochondrial ROS production, impaired Complex I activity, lower expression of MIA40 (rate-limiting step of the redox-regulated mitochondrial-disulfide-relay-system), increased mtDNA deletions and increased biomarkers of lipid and protein oxidative-nitrative damage. Most of the outcomes were more pronounced in FXTAS-affected individuals. Significant recovery of mitochondrial mass and/or function was obtained with superoxide or hydroxyl radicals’ scavengers, a glutathione peroxidase analog, or by overexpressing MIA40. The effects of ethanol (a hydroxyl radical scavenger) were deleterious, while others (by N-acetyl-cysteine, quercetin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate) were outcome- and/or carrier-specific. The use of antioxidants in the context of precision medicine is discussed with the goal of improving mitochondrial function in carriers with the potential of decreasing the morbidity and/or delaying FXTAS onset.