cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Refinement of the marketing culture scale and the relationship between marketing culture and profitability of a service firm

Abstract An instrument for assessing the marketing culture of a service firm is refined by analyzing new data from two independent samples. The scale's reliability, factor structure, and validity are evaluated and the dimensions and 34 items are presented and discussed. Analysis is also performed to determine the relationship between a service firm's marketing culture and profitability. Potential applications of the scale are outlined.
Quantum coherence in semiconductor superlattices.

Using photocurrent spectroscopy, we have demonstrated that the quantum coherence in GaAs-${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$As superlattices increases with decreasing superlattice period D, and that it is maintained for at least eight periods when D=60 A\r{}. The coherence length was determined from the number of observed interband transitions between the valence- and conduction-band Stark ladders, formed when an electric field was applied along the superlattice direction. As an additional manifestation of the Stark ladder, the photocurrent showed strong oscillations, periodic in the reciprocal of the electric field, which gave rise to regions of pronounced negative differential resistance.
Quantifying the role of atmospheric rivers in the interior western United States

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) have increasingly been recognized for their contribution to high-impact weather and climate variability. A recent investigation based on observations located primarily in lowland valleys and basins of the western United States suggests that 10–50% of the total cool season (November to April) precipitation between water years 1998 and 2008 occurred on the day of and day following AR landfall (hereafter the AR fraction), as identified using Special Sensor Microwave Imager data. However, these results are based only on ARs crossing the North American west coast between 32.5°N and 52.5°N, which excludes those crossing the west coast of the Baja Peninsula. Here, we identify ARs in the ERA-Interim reanalysis and examine the AR fraction at high-elevation observational sites and in the NOAA/CPC Unified Daily Precipitation Analysis. At high-elevation snowpack telemetry sites, we find good agreement with the AR fraction obtained previously for valley and basin locations. We also show that including ARs crossing the west coast of the Baja Peninsula (as far south as 24°N) substantially increases the AR fraction over the southwestern United States. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
in situ FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Absorbed Species on Carbon Electrode, Part II: TCNE Anion Radical from Acetonitrile Solution

Abstract The reduction of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) to its anion radicals on glassy carbon has been studied using in situ FTIR spectroscopy. In contrast to its adsorption behavior on a platinum electrode, TCNE was found to adsorb on a carbon surface not only as the dianion but also as the tricyanovinyl alcoholate (TVA) ion. A mechanism for the formation of the TVA ion involving the presence of surface functional groups on the carbon electrode is proposed.
Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic Patients with Portal Hypertension: Relevance of Hagen-Poiseuille's Law.

Background: Hepatic decompensation in cirrhosis heralds an accelerated course with poor survival. An increase in hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), rather t
READABILITY OF THE ARTICLES USED BY GOLDBERG

During the past few years, the study of the evaluation of feminine professional competence has become of interesc in psychology. A traditional method of investigation has been the procedure devised by Goldberg (1968). This procedure involves the submission of articles from various professional fields, contained in booklets, to subjects for evaluation. The articles are from fields of differential association, i.e., traditionally female, traditionally male, neutral, which ate identical between the booklets. The experimental manipulation involves the sex of the presumed author of the article. This is accomplished by changing the author's name, that is, in one set of booklets the author is portrayed as a female, e.g., Jane Smith, while in the other set of booklets the identical article has the name of a male author, e.g., John Smith. Dependent measures are the evaluation scores, based on the questions which follow each article on which subjects rate the author and the article. "Bias" in evaluation is demonstrated when the mean evaluation scores given to a particular article ate significantly different when the presumed author is designated as a male or female. Goldberg (1968), using this procedure, reported female college students evaluated the articles allegedly written by males more positively than the identical articles attributed to a female. The work of females was not only devalued in fields traditionally associated with males (city planning and law) and fields of neutral association (art history and linguistics) but also in fields traditionally associated with women (dietetics and elementary education). Using Goldberg's procedure, others have not been able to replicate his 1968 work (Baruch, 1972; Chobot, Goldberg, Abramson, & Abrarnson, 1974; Levenson, Buford, Bonno, & Davis, 1975; Mischel, 1974; Panek, Deitchman, Burkholder, Speroff, & Haude, 1976). This failure to replicate the findings of Goldberg (1968) has been attributed to factors such as, a change in society's view of feminine work due to the impact of the feminist movement, differences in subjects tested, differences in the articles used, or to a possible interaction of two or more of these factors. Researchers using chis procedure interpret their results on the assumption
Databases in the cloud: a status report

This paper updates an earlier paper on the use of cloud computing in database curriculum. That paper described a curricular initiative in cloud computing initially intended to keep our information technology (IT) curriculum at the forefront of technology and to give students the flexibility to work at any location, not just our labs. Currently, our IT degrees offer extensive database concentrations at both the undergraduate (BS-IT) and graduate (MS-IT) levels. This paper reports on the results of two years of operation using a cloud provider for lab exercises in our Database Architecture and Implementation course. It discusses the benefits gained and concludes with an overview of a new cloud deployment strategy that improves disaster planning for our curricular infrastructure and provides an extension to another campus. We discuss how the Cloud Vendor Selection Model, proposed in our previous paper, shows the ways in which the different layers of cloud services interact with each other. Plus we show how the different categories of cloud users in this model can be supported by different educational tools to meet course objectives. Finally, we discuss the various issues and challenges that we have experienced when implementing cloud solutions in an educational environment.
Selective Intercalation of Cs+ in the “V”-Shaped Cavity of a Bichromophoric Anion Radical: Cs+ Assisted π−s−π-Delocalization of an Electron

EPR studies in tetrahydrofuran, reveal that the one electron reduction of 1-(9-methyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)-4-methylbenzene via electron transfer from cesium metal produces an anion radical that has a large affinity for the cesium cation. The affinity of this anion radical for Cs+ is so great that it will actually “suck” the Cs+ (but not Na+ or K+) right out of the grasp of 18-crown-6, leading to a cation-assisted π-stacked complex, where the s-orbital of the metal cation is simultaneously overlapped with the π-clouds of the phenyl and fluorenyl moieties. At ambient temperature, proton− and cesium−electron coupling constants are rapidly (on the EPR time scale) modulated as a result of the simultaneous existence of two interconverting conformers having an averaged cesium splitting (aCs) of about 1.6 G. The π−s−π-electronic coupling can be turned on or off via the addition or removal of cesium cations. Analogous π−s−π-electronic coupling is observed in the 1,4-bis(9-methyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)benzene-cesium system.
The potential risk of carotid injury in cochlear implant surgery.

Background The advent of cochlear implantation has revolutionized the options afforded to the deaf population. With the increase in the prevalence of this procedure have come larger experiences in the associated technical challenges and complications. Results We present the evaluation and management of a patient with an unusual complication of improper placement of the implant electrode into the carotid canal and its management. We discuss the anatomy of the carotid artery and its proximity to the cochlea to emphasize the potential risk to this large vessel. Conclusions Damage to the carotid canal and the carotid artery is a potential risk of cochlear implant surgery. When available, we recommend intraoperative electrical testing of the cochlear implant be performed. If there is doubt as to the placement of the electrode, a radiograph should be obtained before the patient is taken out of the operating room to avoid this complication.
Interventions to Improve Late Life.

At the time of publication of the 1994 National Research Council’s Demography of Aging, the expert contributors to that volume were hungry for more information (Martin and Preston 1994). Over the last 15 years, population researchers focusing on aging have made great strides in describing the status and experiences of older people, especially in the United States, identifying factors influencing those outcomes, and understanding the societal consequences of aging. A particularly important development has been the growth in the availability of survey data. For example, at the time of writing the 1994 book, the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) had only recently started. Another key development has been the growth of interdisciplinarity in the study of the demography of aging. Certainly the US National Institute on Aging’s fostering of aging centers has been critical. But individual scholars also have recognized that they can learn from other disciplines. Most social scientists have learned some biology, and many economists in particular have learned some psychology. Overall, there has been an enormous increase in our knowledge about the older population and the process of population aging. Of course, there is much more to be done in the description and modeling of aging. To highlight just a few areas, we need to know more about individual trajectories in outcomes over multiple periods, trends in outcomes at the population level over time and their explanations, disparities in outcomes, and cross-national comparisons. At the same time, we need to begin to move on. In other domains of population research (e.g., fertility), besides describing the demographic process and investigating both the determinants and the consequences of the phenomenon, a major focus has been the design and evaluation of policies and programs that may influence determinants and mitigate consequences. But thus far in the demography of aging in the United States, except perhaps for work on Social Security, policy and program development has not been a major focus of population researchers. Albert Hermalin made this point in his 1993 presidential address at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America (Hermalin 1993). In his intriguingly titled talk, “Fertility and family planning among the elderly in Taiwan,” he highlighted the integral role of family planning program research in the broader study of fertility and argued for the considerable potential of population experts to evaluate programs designed for the elderly. In the following commentary, I build on Hermalin’s suggestion by illustrating the potential role of demographers in working on interventions in two domains critical for the older population: saving and disability. My focus is on the United States, where as a result of analysis of the HRS and other surveys, we now know much more about the dimensions of these issues among the elderly, and we can potentially use that information to design interventions that improve outcomes.
Pheromone-Based Monitoring of Pseudococcus maritimus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Populations in Concord Grape Vineyards

The grape mealybug, Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn), is the dominant mealybug in Washington's Concord grape vineyards (Vitis labrusca L.). It is a direct pest of fruit clusters and a vector of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses. Using traps baited with the sex pheromone of Ps. maritimus, we determined the optimal trap density for monitoring Ps. maritimus, with the goal of providing a more rapid monitoring method for Ps. maritimus than visual surveys. Varying densities of pheromone-baited traps (one, four, and eight traps per 12.14 ha) were deployed in Concord vineyards to monitor Ps. maritimus seasonal phenology in 2010 and 2011. In both years, flights of adult males were detected in early May and captures peaked twice per season in mid-June and mid-August, indicating two generations each year. Trap data were analyzed using Taylor's Power Law, Iwao's patchiness regression, and the K parameter of the negative binomial model to determine optimal sample size. The formula using the K parameter provided the lowest required sample size, showing that four to eight traps per 12.14 ha were needed to provide 30% sampling precision efficiency throughout the entire season. Fewer traps were needed during flight peaks when trap capture numbers were great. Only one pheromone-baited trap per 12.14 ha was sufficient to provide Ps. maritimus flight phenology data to make informed management decisions. Species-specific pheromone-baited traps deployed for Planococcus ficus (Signoret), Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), and Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) did not detect any of these species in the vineyards sampled.
Chemie und Biochemie der Pflanzenstoffe, XXIV1) Synthesen von di‐ und tetrasubstituierten Ellagsäure‐Derivaten

Die Titel-Verbindungen 1–8 werden dargestellt und papierchromatographisch untersucht (Tab. 1). Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Constituents, XXIV1). Syntheses of Di- and Tetrasubstituted Derivatives of Ellagic Acid The title compounds 1–8 are prepared and submitted to paper chromatography (table 1).
Resolving two-dimensional kinetics of the integrin αIIbβ3-fibrinogen interactions using Binding-Unbinding Correlation Spectroscopy

Using a combined experimental and theoretical approach named binding-unbinding correlation spectroscopy (BUCS), we describe the two-dimensional kinetics of interactions between fibrinogen and the integrin αIIbβ3, the ligand-receptor pair essential for platelet function during hemostasis and thrombosis. The methodology uses the optical trap to probe force-free association of individual surface-attached fibrinogen and αIIbβ3 molecules and forced dissociation of an αIIbβ3-fibrinogen complex. This novel approach combines force clamp measurements of bond lifetimes with the binding mode to quantify the dependence of the binding probability on the interaction time. We found that fibrinogen-reactive αIIbβ3 pre-exists in at least two states that differ in their zero force on-rates (kon1 = 1.4 × 10−4 and kon2 = 2.3 × 10−4 μm2/s), off-rates (koff1 = 2.42 and koff2 = 0.60 s−1), and dissociation constants (Kd1 = 1.7 × 104 and Kd2 = 2.6 × 103 μm−2). The integrin activator Mn2+ changed the on-rates and affinities (Kd1 = 5 × 104 and Kd2 = 0.3 × 103 μm−2) but did not affect the off-rates. The strength of αIIbβ3-fibrinogen interactions was time-dependent due to a progressive increase in the fraction of the high affinity state of the αIIbβ3-fibrinogen complex characterized by a faster on-rate. Upon Mn2+-induced integrin activation, the force-dependent off-rates decrease while the complex undergoes a conformational transition from a lower to higher affinity state. The results obtained provide quantitative estimates of the two-dimensional kinetic rates for the low and high affinity αIIbβ3 and fibrinogen interactions at the single molecule level and offer direct evidence for the time- and force-dependent changes in αIIbβ3 conformation and ligand binding activity, underlying the dynamics of fibrinogen-mediated platelet adhesion and aggregation.
Auger analysis of hydrogen embrittled grain boundaries in a boron containing AISI 1520 steel

Etude, par microsonde Auger, a balayage, des causes possibles de rupture intergranulaire, en examinant les possibilites de segregation du bore aux joints de grains. Augmentation par le bore de la fragilisation intergranulaire induite par H 2 , aux joints de grains d'austenite, cet effet etant associe a la formation de nitrure de bore
Infrared Absorption of Indium Antimonide

Indium antimonide samples of a wide range of carrier concentrations were measured from \ensuremath{\sim}5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 500\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, over a wavelength region of 3 to 35 microns. Experimental results on the shift of the absorption edge in degenerate $n$-type samples are presented and discussed. Both $n$-type and $p$-type samples show the same absorption at long wavelengths, after becoming intrinsic at elevated temperatures. At lower temperatures, the absorption in $n$-type samples increases with wavelength, whereas in $p$-type samples it remains practically constant over a wide wavelength region. The absorption coefficient in different samples, $n$-type or $p$-type, does not increase proportionately with the carrier concentration. Possible mechanisms for the absorption are discussed.
The Impacts of State Capital Management Programs on State Economic Performance

Although the normative literature advocates systematic capital management practices, empirical studies investigating the tangible benefits of these practices are rare. Based on previous findings that public investment affects economic growth, this study extends the model of government spending and economic growth to investigate the effect of systematic capital management programs on state economic performance. Using panel data from 1997 to 2004 and the Government Performance Project's data on state capital management practices, the empirical results indicate that highly systematic capital management programs positively alter the relationship between the state's capital spending levels and the state's economic growth rate.
Stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering threshold induced by velocity turbulence.

Numerical integration of the time-dependent propagation equations for a turbulent medium shows that velocity turbulence introduces a threshold for small-angle stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering. The threshold can be expressed in terms of a formula relating the limit on absorbed power to the rms amplitude of the velocity fluctuations. Above threshold, light scattered by thermal fluctuations at the start of the path is amplified. After only a few waves of phase distortion have accumulated, the stimulated scattering amplitude reaches saturation. Below threshold, stimulated scattering is suppressed, but there is a slow increase in the level of the index turbulence caused by incoherent heating of the propagation medium.
Large strain variable stiffness composites for shear deformations with applications to morphing aircraft skins

Morphing or reconfigurable structures potentially allow for previously unattainable vehicle performance by permitting several optimized structures to be achieved using a single platform. The key to enabling this technology in applications such as aircraft wings, nozzles, and control surfaces, are new engineered materials which can achieve the necessary deformations but limit losses in parasitic actuation mass and structural efficiency (stiffness/weight). These materials should exhibit precise control of deformation properties and provide high stiffness when exercised through large deformations. In this work, we build upon previous efforts in segmented reinforcement variable stiffness composites employing shape memory polymers to create prototype hybrid composite materials that combine the benefits of cellular materials with those of discontinuous reinforcement composites. These composites help overcome two key challenges for shearing wing skins: the resistance to out of plane buckling from actuation induced shear deformation, and resistance to membrane deflections resulting from distributed aerodynamic pressure loading. We designed, fabricated, and tested composite materials intended for shear deformation and address out of plane deflections in variable area wing skins. Our designs are based on the kinematic engineering of reinforcement platelets such that desired microstructural kinematics is achieved through prescribed boundary conditions. We achieve this kinematic control by etching sheets of metallic reinforcement into regular patterns of platelets and connecting ligaments. This kinematic engineering allows optimization of materials properties for a known deformation pathway. We use mechanical analysis and full field photogrammetry to relate local scale kinematics and strains to global deformations for both axial tension loading and shear loading with a pinned-diamond type fixture. The Poisson ratio of the kinematically engineered composite is ~3x higher than prototypical orthotropic variable stiffness composites. This design allows us to create composite materials that have high stiffness in the cold state below SMP Tg (4-14GPa) and yet achieve large composite shear strains (5-20%) in the hot state (above SMP Tg).
The origin of the Marquesas fracture zone ridge and its implications for the nature of hot spots

Abstract The Marquesas Island chain departs by 20–30° from the trends of other late Tertiary hot-spot traces and appears more intermittent in activity than most others in having produced volcanos only in the period 1.4–6.4 Ma. In order to explain the Marquesas data, it has been proposed that hot spots can move relatively rapidly with respect to one another and that most plumes are episodic phenomena. We reevaluate these hypotheses based on geophysical data from the Marquesas fracture zone ridge collected during a recent oceanographic expedition to the Marquesas Islands. Our preferred explanation based on analysis of Seabeam bathymetric, seismic, gravity, and magnetic data across the ridge is that it is a young volcanic construct, 20 km wide and almost 2 km high, formed recently as the Marquesas hot spot encountered the Marquesas fracture zone. Examination of regional bathymetric maps reveals that topographically identical ridges also appear along the Galapagos fracture zone and the Nova-Canton Trough at positions corresponding to the predicted trace of the Marquesas plume based on the trends of the Hawaiian and Society island chains. Using these observations, we conclude that the Marquesas hot spot is not moving rapidly with respect to the other Pacific hot spots, nor is it intermittent in nature. We prefer a model in which the Marquesas plume is simply too weak to penetrate normal oceanic lithosphere unless given an easy conduit to the surface, such as a fracture zone. The surface expression of weak plumes such as the Marquesas is therefore strongly controlled by the thermal and mechanical state of the overlying oceanic lithosphere, an effect which must be taken into account before interpreting hot-spot traces in terms of intrinsic plume properties.
Fiber Optic Sensor For Static Pressure Measurements

A new type of pressure sensor, using fiber optic measurement techniques, has been designed and tested for biomedical applications. It has the advantage of being able to avoid kinetic errors when measuring static pressure under flow conditions. The sensor consists of two parts, a diaphragm which converts the pressure into mechanical displacement, and a fiber optic displacement sensor which converts the mechanical displacement into a light intensity change. The fiber optic displacement sensor is composed of two fibers which are polished at their endfaces, aligned and attached to the diaphragm. A theoretical analysis shows that a small displacement generated by the diaphragm is linearly related to the transmitting light intensity loss, and this relationship has been experimentally obtained with a linearity of ±1.796, and a slope of 2.36mV/um. Regression analysis yielded a 0.9983 correlation coefficient. The complete fiber optic pressure sensor has a sensitivity of 2.03mV/mmHg with a linearity of ±1.3%, and the correlation coefficient of 0.9991. The results suggest that this kind of sensor may have very promising applications for catheter based in vivo static pressure measurements.
Reading Echoes in Baudelaire: Between Philosophic and Genetic Approaches

Abstract This essay examines points of intersection between philosophic and genetic approaches to poetry, using Baudelaire's 'Chant d'automne' as a test case. The guiding concept is that of the echo, which operates on both a local and a global level to invoke, on the one hand, the ways the poem functions as an overlapping series of systems of meaning and, on the other hand, the larger aesthetic and philosophical context of the text. My analysis considers visual and phonetic echoes before addressing the role of the poetic voice and the myth of Echo as they pertain to 'Chant d'automne'. The article gives attention to the particular ontological status that philosophical critics have afforded to poetry, whose space lies at the intersection of the conceptual and the sensory, the cultural and the material, and the textual and metaphysical.
Expression of the BMP antagonist Dan during murine forebrain development

Abstract Dan ( D ifferential screening-selected gene a berrative in n euroblastoma, also known as N03) is a member of a class of glycoproteins shown to be secreted inhibitors of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein pathways. We examined Dan expression during murine forebrain development from embryonic day 10.5 to postnatal day 14 and found that Dan was expressed in highly specific spatiotemporal patterns. In early telencephalic development, Dan is highly expressed in the fibroblasts covering the cortex. From E12.5–E14.5, Dan is also weakly expressed in a region of neuroepithelium at the medial margin of the telencephalon called the cortical hem. From E17.5 on, Dan is expressed strongly in CA3 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus as well as in the developing thalamus and amygdala. To determine if Dan expression is correlated with the expression of any of its known ligand targets, we examined the expression of GDF-5, -6 and -7 in the forebrain and found that GDF-5 is expressed in Cajal-Retzius cells in Layer I of cortex, immediately adjacent to the expression of Dan in the meninges.
In-Service Inspection Ultrasonic Testing of Reactor Pressure Vessel Welds for Assessing Flaw Density and Size Distribution Per 10 CFR 50.61a, Alternate Fracture Toughness Requirements for Protection Against Pressurized Thermal Shock

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) completed a research program that concluded that the risk of through-wall cracking of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) due to a pressurized thermal shock (PTS) event is much lower than previously estimated. The NRC subsequently developed a rule, §50.61a, published on January 4, 2010, entitled “Alternate Fracture Toughness Requirements for Protection Against Pressurized Thermal Shock Events.” The §50.61a rule, which is optional, requires licensees to analyze the results from periodic volumetric examinations required by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code. These analyses are intended to determine if the actual flaw density and size distribution in the licensee’s reactor vessel beltline welds are bounded by the flaw density and size distribution values used in the PTS technical basis. Under a contract with the NRC, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has been working on a program to assess the ability of current inservice inspection ultrasonic testing (UT) techniques, as qualified through the ASME Code to detect small fabrication or inservice-induced flaws located in RPV welds and adjacent base materials. As part of this effort, the investigators have pursued an evaluation, based on the available information, of the capability of UT to provide flaw density/distribution inputs for making RPV weld assessments in accordance with §50.61a. This paper presents the results of an evaluation of data from the 1993 Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant, Unit 3, “Spirit of Appendix VIII reactor vessel examination,” a comparison of the flaw density/distribution from this data with the distribution in §50.61a, possible reasons for differences, and plans and recommendations for further work in this area.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Characterization of parallel-plate Kiil dialysers

The local (distributed) behavior of a Kiil dialyser is discussed with the aim of showing the interrelation between the two fluid streams and thus the importance of modeling the system as an interrelated multistream system. A characterization of the dialyser's performance is presented in terms of both an overall log-mean resistance and an effectiveness factor. The effectiveness factor approach gives information on the internal mechanisms and therefore is a better means of both characterizing of Kiil and comparing the performance of different dialysers.
The Predictive Accuracy of Verbal, Quantitative, and Nonverbal Reasoning Tests: Consequences for Talent Identification and Program Diversity

Effective talent-identification procedures minimize the proportion of students whose subsequent performance indicates that they were mistakenly included in or excluded from the program. Classification errors occur when students who were predicted to excel subsequently do not excel or when students who were not predicted to excel do. Using a longitudinal sample, we assessed the accuracy of measures of verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, nonverbal reasoning, and current achievement for predicting later achievement. We found that seemingly small differences in predictive validity substantially changed the number of students erroneously included or excluded from the program. Surprisingly, nonverbal tests not only led to more classification errors but also failed to identify more English language learners and minority students. To increase equity and maintain fairness, practitioners should carefully evaluate claims that scores from alternative assessments are as valid as scores from conventional ability ...
Retrieval of nouns and verbs in agrammatism and anomia

The ability of five agrammatic and five anomic aphasic patients to produce nouns and verbs was assessed in four tasks. Target words were form class unambiguous, frequency and length matched nouns and verbs, elicited as single words in picture naming and naming-to-definition tasks. The same unambiguous verbs were targets in an action description task. Narrative speech was obtained from each patient using a story elicitation procedure. Agrammatic aphasics produced significantly fewer verbs than nouns, relative to other groups, in all tasks. Anomic aphasics reliably produced more verbs than nouns in naming to definition. These results replicate previous findings for Italian-speaking patient groups, and for several individual cases. In addition, these results extend the relative verb deficit among agrammatic patients to connected speech tasks. Results are interpreted in light of current models of lexical and sentence production.
The Introduction of Non-Dispatchable Technologies as Decision Variables in Long-Term Generation Expansion Models

Non-dispatchable technologies (solar, wind, run-of-the-ri ver hydro, cogeneration) affect the cost of electricity production in a complex manner by modifying the probability distribution of demand for conventional generation. The lack of an appropriate methodology to efficiently derive this modification has prevented inclusion of non-dispatchable technologies as decision variables in capacity expansion models. This paper develops a stochastic approach to load modification which explicitly models two types of interdependencies between load and non-dispatchable generation: through time of day and through weather. If more than one non-dispatchable generation technology is considered, the dependency among them is also modeled. Furthermore, the total as well as the marginal impact of non-dispatchable capacity on system reliability and operating cost is derived. This allows us to model non-dispatchable generation in the context of two broad classes of optimization algorithms. Dynamic programming and mathematical decomposition are considered in this paper as characteristic examples of algorithms in each class. Load modification models already in use derive total cost impact only, and are based on hourly chronological simulation which is a computationally cumbersome method. The methodology developed here provides marginal impact in addition to total impact values, is computationally efficient and is applicable to future demand projections at almost any level of detail. Finally, its accuracy proved very satisfactory when tested on 1975 Miami load and insolation data.
COERCION TO RESTITUTION: Criminal Processing of Civil Disputes

Growing efforts to achieve social control through noncoercive means need to be evaluated for the role played by the implicit threat of coercion. This article examines restitutive settlements of selected criminal violations through the active efforts of a county prosecutor's office. The study reveals that it is the threat of coercion underlying the execution of remedies that facilitates efficient processing of commercial disputes in the criminal justice system.
Transnational schooling and the new immigrants: developing dual identities in the United States

This essay examines education as a critical link to minority integration – one often lost in the debate over immigration on both sides of the Atlantic. It suggests that western European countries, ...
Improving the Academic Performance of Hispanic Youth: A Community Education Model

Abstract This paper examines the creation of the Oakwood Family Education Center, a community-based education center created using the principles of liberation theology as the change strategy to attempt to improve the educational achievement of Hispanic students through community involvement and empowerment. Results from interviews with 16 parents show that lay leadership was activated at the center and that parents believe their children have benefitted academically by having the opportunity to get assistance with homework in a nurturing, community-based environment. Results suggest that Hispanic parents are willing to become active participants in educational improvements, provided that appropriate opportunities are created.
A Human Drug Metabolism Database: Potential Roles in the Quantitative Predictions of Drug Metabolism and Metabolism-Related Drug-Drug Interactions

Previous attempts to predict drug metabolism and drug-drug interaction possibilities by deploying databases that house established drug metabolism results have been only marginally successful. Consideration of some of the key issues and concerns derived from these efforts suggests that three major hurdles loom in front of using xenobiotic metabolism databases more effectively in the future. These hurdles include: the need for an improved treatment of chemical structure in three-dimensions (3D); a better quantitative accounting of competitive and complementary biotransformation pathways; and, the critical need for a comprehensive, human drug metabolism database (hDMdb) that can serve as a bio/chemoinformatic resource pertaining to drug metabolism and drug metabolism-related drug-drug interactions in general. Approaches that might be taken to traverse each of these hurdles are discussed herein where: the first involves maturation of chemical structures from simple 2D entries into more sophisticated 3D displays that can also account for interactions with relevant biological surfaces; the second involves a systematic, pair-wise comparison of various metabolic options in a statistically driven manner relative to chemical structure descriptors; and, the third involves mounting a hDMdb on the Internet in a user-friendly manner that it is available via a non-profit format.
Spectral methods for solution of the boundary-layer equations

The basic principles of spectral methods are reviewed, and their application to the two-dimensional incompressible boundary-layer equations is discussed. It is shown that spectral collocation methods provide an accuracy sufficient for engineering applications on extremely coarse grids, and the machine time requirements are small. Although for a given stream-wise discretization, the fully spectral scheme requires more computational effort than the marching scheme, the higher accuracy of the former yields a large net gain in efficiency when considered at equivalent error levels.
A Comparison of Infant Formula and Human Milk Fortifier with Human Milk in the Protection of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function ♦ 598

A Comparison of Infant Formula and Human Milk Fortifier with Human Milk in the Protection of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function ♦ 598
Current transport in modulation doped (Al,Ga)As/GaAs heterostructures: Applications to high speed FET's

Current voltage characteristics of single period modulation doped (Al,Ga) As/GaAs heterostructures are reported. The measurements were performed in a lattice temperature range of 10-300 K and up to an electric field of 2 kV/cm. While no nonlinearity was observed at 300 K, a substantial nonlinearity was encountered at lattice temperatures below 170 K. Compared to bulk GaAs FET's, the results indicate that a speed performance improvement of 60% at 300 K and four times at 78 K can be obtained in modulation doped FET's operating at a field strength of 2 kV/cm. Modulation doped GaAs/n- (Al,Ga) As FET's with 1 µm gate lengths exhibited a gain of 12 dB at 10 GHz. This represents the best result reported to date.
Partitioning of Eu and Sr between coexisting plagioclase and K + feldspar

Minerals were separated by an EM approach and with the aid of liquids of great density. An analysis of K, Rb, Ca, Sr, Ha, and rare earth elements was conducted by means of a mass spectrometer isotope dilution technique. The behavior of the divalent europium ions during the partition process was found to be very similar to that of divalent strontium ions, taking into consideration data of the partition coefficients between coexisting feldspars in acidic rocks.
Localization of collagen XVIII and the endostatin portion of collagen XVIII in aged human control eyes and eyes with age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE. Endostatin, a C-terminal fragment of collagen XVIII (coll XVIII) formed by proteolysis, specifically inhibits endothelial cell migration and proliferation in vitro and potently inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. The purpose of this study was to examine the immunolocalization of endostatin and coll XVIII in the retina and choroid of human donor tissue sections from aged control donor eyes and to determine whether the localization or relative levels are changed in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS. Ocular tissues were obtained from six aged control donors (age range, 75‐ 86 years; mean age, 80.5 years) without evidence or history of chorioretinal disease and from nine donors with AMD (age range, 74 ‐105 years; mean age, 88.6 years). Tissues were cryopreserved, and streptavidin alkaline phosphatase immunohistochemistry was performed with goat anti-human and mouse anti-human endostatin antibodies and rabbit anti-mouse coll XVIII. Blood vessels were identified with mouse anti-human CD-34 antibody in adjacent sections. Pigment in RPE and choroidal melanocytes was bleached. Three independent observers scored the immunohistochemical reaction product. RESULTS. In aged control eyes, coll XVIII and endostatin (the endostatin portion of coll XVIII) immunoreactivity was observed in large retinal blood vessels and in capillaries in some individuals, but the internal limiting membrane (ILM) had the most intense retinal immunostaining. There was no significant difference in immunoreactivity to both antibodies in retinal blood vessels in aged control eyes. In the choroid, endostatin and coll XVIII were localized to blood vessels, Bruch’s membrane, and RPE basal lamina. AMD retina and choroid had a similar pattern and intensity of coll XVIII immunostaining, as observed in control eyes but reaction product was more diffuse in the choroid. Endostatin immunoreactivity was significantly higher in ILM (P 0.037) in AMD retina and significantly lower in the choriocapillaris, Bruch’s membrane, and RPE basal lamina of AMD choroids (P 0.05) and completely negative in some areas of AMD choroids. CONCLUSIONS. These data suggest that reduced levels of the endostatin portion of coll XVIII in Bruch’s membrane, RPE basal lamina, intercapillary septa, and choriocapillaris in eyes with AMD may be permissive for choroidal neovascularization. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:1544‐1552) DOI:10.1167/iovs.03-0862
Linear porokeratosis of Mibelli and DSAP.

Summary Linear porokeratosis and disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) are clinical variants of porokeratosis. We report the rare coexistence of these two variants. Porokeratosis is a genodermatosis which has at least five different clinical variants; Mibelli, linear, DSAP, plantaris palmaris et disseminata, and punctate (Wade & Ackerman, 1980). All of these manifest the distinctive peripheral keratotic ridge which histologically corresponds to the cornuid lamella. Although lesions of porokeratosis of Mibelli and linear porokeratosis are sometimes seen together in individuals, the coexistence of other porokeratotic variants is rare.
Toxicological evaluation of aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid in broiler chickens.

The individual and combined effects of aflatoxin (AF) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) were evaluated in day-old Petersen x Hubbard broiler chickens to 3 wk of age. Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial with levels of 0 and 3.5 mg AF/kg of feed, and 0 and 50 mg CPA/kg of feed. Production performance, serum biochemistry, and gross pathological observations were evaluated. Body weight gain was significantly (P less than .05) reduced by AF, CPA, and the AF-CPA combination at the end of 3 wk. Aflatoxin significantly increased the relative weight of the kidney and serum concentration of blood urea nitrogen and decreased serum concentrations of protein, albumin, cholesterol, phosphorus, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase. The toxicity of CPA was expressed through increased relative weights of the liver, kidney, and proventriculus, increased levels of uric acid and cholesterol, and decreased serum phosphorus. The activity of AF-CPA combination was characterized by increased relative weight of the liver, kidney, pancreas, and proventriculus, decreased concentrations of serum albumin and phosphorus, increased concentrations of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and blood urea nitrogen, and decreases in the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius. Post-mortem examination revealed that the chickens fed CPA and the AF-CPA combination had thickened mucosa and dilated proventricular lumens, hard fibrotic spleen, and atrophy of the gizzard. The data from the present study demonstrate that both AF and CPA alone and the AF-CPA combination can limit broiler performance and adversely affect broiler health. In most cases the effects of AF and CPA were additive.
Unsuspected systemic amyloidosis diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration of the salivary gland: Case report

Amyloidosis of the head and neck region may represent a local amyloidoma or a manifestation of systemic disease. Involvement of major salivary glands by either primary or secondary forms of amyloidosis is very rare. We describe a case of systemic amyloidosis that initially presented as submandibular gland mass and was diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). A 69-year-old male presented with submandibular mass. His past medical history was significant for left forearm melanoma that was excised 6 years ago and tricuspid valve endocarditis after valvular replacement 3 months prior to FNA of the submandibular gland. The patient had no symptoms or clinical and laboratory data suggestive of amyloidosis. FNA specimen showed salivary gland tissue and abundant amorphous material, which stained positive for amyloid with Congo red stain and showed typical birefringence when examined by polarized microscopy. Further workup of the patient revealed generalized amyloidosis with multiorgan involvement by the disease. This case demonstrates that FNA can be a useful technique in the diagnosis of unsuspected amyloidosis.
The early Black press in America, 1827 to 1860

Introduction The Editors and Their Ideals To Kill the Messengers' Spirit In the Spirit of American Democracy Toward Public Interest and Social Responsibility Messages of the Black Press Women Soirees and Style Social Morality Youth: The Ultimate Outsiders Coda Appendix Bibliography
THE VOLUME DEPENDENCE OF THERMAL PRESSURE IN SOLIDS

Abstract I investigate the conditions under which the thermal pressure, PTH, is independent of volume in solids. When PTH is independent of V, the equation of state (EoS) reduces from P(V,T)=P 1 (V,0)+P TH (V,T) to P(V,T)=P 1 (V,0)+P TH (V 0 ,T) and thus is separated into two independent functions. P1(V, T) is the isothermal EoS. It is shown that PTH is independent of volume at ambient conditions for NaCl and Mg2SiO4, but not for MgO, gold, or Al2O3. The approach is to establish the differential equation relating αKT and V, V ∂(αK T ) ∂V =αK T (δ T −K ′ ). and then find the V, T conditions under which δT = K′. Here α is the thermal expansivity; KT is the isothermal bulk modulus; δT is a thermoelastic parameter known as the Anderson-Gruneisen parameter, δT = −(1/αKT)(∂KT/∂T)P = (∂ ln α/∂ ln V)T; and K′ is (∂KT/∂T)T. The main effort is used in finding the V, T dependence of the dimensionless quantities, δT and K′ and especially the difference, δT − K′ in terms of V and T. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
The role of motor processes in three-dimensional mental rotation: Shaping cognitive processing via sensorimotor experience

Abstract An extensive body of literature has explored the involvement of motor processes in mental rotation, yet underlying individual differences are less documented and remain to be fully understood. We propose that sensorimotor experience shapes spatial abilities such as assessed in mental rotation tasks. Elite wrestlers' and non-athletes' mental rotation accuracy and response times were measured in three different conditions: mental rotation (a), mental rotation with visual (b) and movement (c) interference. Results showed that both groups were equally affected by the visual interference task, as hypothesized from previous literature. However, the movement interference task impacted tremendously more wrestlers' mental rotation performance. These findings suggest that experts in motor activities rely heavily on motor processes in three-dimensional mental rotation problems solving, thus performing more poorly when simultaneously holding movements. The implications of this work in providing further evidence for the close tie between perceptive, motor and cognitive processes are discussed.
Bringing the state back in … again

Previous scholarship on states’ autonomy from the interests of society has focused primarily on nondemocratic societies, raising the question of whether “state theory” is relevant to modern states....