cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depression in lung cancer patients: the role of perceived stigma

Objective: Previous research has shown that lung cancer patients are at an increased risk for depressive symptomatology; however, little is known about the factors contributing to depression in these patients. This study focused on the possible association between perceived stigma related to a lung cancer diagnosis and depressive symptomatology. It was hypothesized that greater perceived stigma would be related to greater depressive symptomatology and that perceived stigma would account for variance in depressive symptomatology above and beyond that accounted for by relevant clinical, demographic, and psychosocial variables. Method: A sample of 95 participants receiving chemotherapy for stage II–IV non-small cell lung cancer was recruited during routine outpatient chemotherapy visits. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and self-report measures assessing perceived stigma, depressive symptomatology, and other psychosocial variables. A medical chart review was conducted to assess clinical factors. Results: As hypothesized, there was a positive association between perceived stigma and depressive symptomatology, r = 0.46, p<0.001. Perceived stigma also accounted for significant unique variance in depressive symptomatology above and beyond that accounted for by relevant demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors, β = 0.19, p<0.05. Conclusions: Future research should aim to replicate and extend these findings in longitudinal studies and explore whether lung cancer patients' depressive symptomatology can be ameliorated by targeting perceived stigma. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ETK2 receptor tyrosine kinase promotes survival of factor-dependent FDC-P1 progenitor cells

Abstract Objective By virtue of its high expression in both developing hematopoietic tissues and many myeloid leukemia cells lines, the embryonic tyrosine kinase receptor ETK2 (also known as Tyro3, Sky, and Rse) has been postulated to play a role in early hematopoiesis. To investigate this role, we expressed murine ETK2 in the interleukin 3 (IL-3) dependent myeloid progenitor cell line FDC-P1 and examined its effect on growth factor dependence. Materials and Methods ETK2 cDNAs encoding full-length or kinase domain-deleted receptor were retrovirally transduced into murine FDC-P1 cells. Survival, cell cycle status, and proliferative responses of ETK2 expressing clones were studied at normal and reduced growth factor concentrations. Results ETK2 was expressed as a functional tyrosine kinase of 110 and 150 kDa. This proto-oncogene altered the growth of FDC-P1 cells, allowing survival at reduced growth factor concentrations and delaying apoptosis after IL-3 withdrawal. ETK2-expressing clones contained a higher fraction of cells in the S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle, both after cytokine withdrawal and in the presence of IL-3. Furthermore, these cells had a modestly enhanced proliferative response to IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, suggesting that ETK2 intracellular signaling may converge with that of hematopoietic growth factors. The effects of ETK2 expression on viability and proliferation were largely dependent on a functional intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. Conclusion These results support a role for ETK2 in the survival and/or expansion of primitive hematopoietic cells and suggest that this tyrosine kinase may be implicated in myeloid leukemogenesis as well.
The Effects of a Cognitive-Behavioral Program for At-Risk Youth: Changes in Attitudes, Social Skills, Family, and Community and Peer Relationships

Abstract The study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral program in assisting juvenile probationers to change their attitudes, improve social skills, develop positive family relationships, and improve community and peer relationships. A total of 86 medium- to high-risk juvenile probationers in the program were compared with a matched sample of 86 youths who did not participate in the program. Results showed that males in the program showed significant improvements in overall attitudes and family relationships compared to their nonprogram counterparts. The results provide support to existing research that cognitive-behavioral programs, when implemented correctly, show positive changes among high-risk youth.
Experimental Investigation of the Response of the Human Lower Limb to the Pedestrian Impact Loading Environment

Three limbs were taken from post mortem human subjects and impacted on the lateral aspect by a free-flying (30 km/h) impactor below the knee joint. Tri-axial MHDs and tri-axial accelerometers were used to determine the kinematics of the limb; strain gages were used to measure surface strain on the tibia and femur; and acoustic sensors were used to identify the onset and timing of injury. This data set was analyzed to compute the response of the knee joint to a bumper impact. Post-test necropsy results showed that the primary injury mechanism in each case was complete avulsion of the Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL).
ProModel tutorial

ProModel is a powerful yet easy-to-use simulation tool for modeling all types of manufacturing systems ranging from small job shops and machining cells to large mass production and flexible manufacturing systems. ProModel is a Windows based system with an intuitive graphical interface and object-oriented modeling constructs that eliminate the need for programming. It combines the flexibility of a general purpose simulation language with the convenience of a data-driven simulator. This tutorial provides an overview of ProModel and presents its modeling and analysis capabilities.
The LBNE 35 Ton Prototype Cryostat

The 35 Ton Prototype Cryostat was built to demonstrate that a commercial membrane-cryostat technology could achieve the performance necessary for the operation of a large multi-kiloton liquid argon detector for the Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE). A concluded Phase 1 run has confirmed both the thermal stability and leak tightness of this technology that is necessary to achieve extremely pure liquid argon. Measured electron drift times in excess of 2.5 ms infer impurity concentrations in the liquid argon of less than 140 ppt (O2 equivalent). These purity levels were attained and held for sustained periods. Details of the cryostat operation, measurements, and analysis of the Phase 1 run are given. A future Phase 2 run, that will include a reduced-scale LBNE-style Time Projection Chamber with integral photon detectors is briefly described.
Nuclear Configuration of Thalamus of Macacus Rhesus

The thalamic nuclei of the rat, armadillo, Tupaia, Carnivora, Lemur catta, and Cercopithecus have been identified from cell stained preparations by various authors. These studies are of interest because they form a basis for a comparative study of the thalamus, because a knowledge of the. nuclei is necessary for an accurate study of the connections of the thalamus with other portions of the nervous system, and because a knowledge of both the nuclei and fiber connections is necessary for carrying out and interpreting experimental work on the thalamus. For these three reasons the present investigation has been made.Five monkey brains were fixed in trichloracetic acid and stained with toluidine blue, according to the technic of Huber.1 Two were sectioned frontally, 2 transversely, and one sagittally. The cell groupings and arrangements, their separation by fiber masses, and outstanding differences in cell types were used as criteria for designating nuclei.The nuclei were divided into anterior, middle, midlin...
Surgical Site Infections following Spine Surgery for Non-idiopathic Scoliosis.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) following spine surgery in children and adolescents with nonidiopathic scoliosis are associated with increased morbidity and health care costs. Potentially modifiable risk factors for SSIs merit additional study in this population. A single-center, retrospective cohort study was performed from August 2008 through December 2013 in children and adolescents undergoing surgery for nonidiopathic scoliosis to determine the trends in SSI rate and causative microorganisms. A standardized perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis regimen was developed from September-October 2008. Potential risk factors for SSIs were assessed by multivariable analysis using Poisson regression models. Fusion procedures and growing construct procedures were analyzed separately. In all, 268 patients underwent 536 surgical procedures of whom 192 underwent 228 fusion procedures, 89 underwent 308 growing construct procedures, and 13 underwent both procedures during the study period. Twenty-one SSIs (3.9% of surgical procedures and 7.8% of patients) occurred within 90 days of surgery, 17 SSIs occurred after fusion procedures (4.5% of procedures and 8.9% of patients), and 4 SSIs occurred after growing construct procedures (1.3% of procedures and 4.5% of patients). There were 9 polymicrobial SSIs (42.9%). Of the 31 bacterial pathogens isolated, 48% were Gram-negative organisms. Among patients undergoing fusion procedures, SSIs were associated with underdosing of preoperative cefazolin [relative risk (RR)=4.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.89-17.43; P=0.012] and tobramycin (RR=5.86; 95% CI, 1.90-18.06; P=0.002), underdosing of intraoperative (RR=5.65; 95% CI, 2.13-14.97; P=0.001) and postoperative (RR=3.86; 95% CI, 1.20-12.40; P=0.023) tobramycin, and any preoperative or intraoperative underdosing (RR=4.89; 95% CI, 1.70-14.12; P=0.003), after adjustment for duration of surgery. No factors were associated with SSIs in those undergoing growing construct procedures. During the study period, the SSIs rate declined (P<0.0001). Underdosing of tobramycin and preoperative cefazolin were associated with an increased SSI risk among patients undergoing fusion procedures. Future multicenter studies should further investigate the generalizability of these findings. Level II—retrospective study.
Tremor as a Cause of Pseudo–Ventricular Tachycardia

Figure 1. An 84-year-old woman with a history of falling was found on the ground unable to get up. On admission to the hospital for evaluation of syncope, she had a normal pulse and blood pressure. Examination revealed a masklike face, bradykinesia, gait instability, and a pill-rolling tremor. An electrocardiogram showed the 4-to-6-Hz tremor associated with Parkinson's disease. The QRS complexes are indicated by the arrows. Postural instability associated with Parkinson's disease was the most likely cause of the patient's falls.
Fluid‐Structure Interaction and Structural Analyses using a Comprehensive Mitral Valve Model with 3D Chordal Structure

Summary Over the years, three-dimensional models of the mitral valve have generally been organized around a simplified anatomy. Leaflets have been typically modeled as membranes, tethered to discrete chordae typically modeled as one-dimensional, non-linear cables. Yet, recent, high-resolution medical images have revealed that there is no clear boundary between the chordae and the leaflets. In fact, the mitral valve has been revealed to be more of a webbed structure whose architecture is continuous with the chordae and their extensions into the leaflets. Such detailed images can serve as the basis of anatomically accurate, subject-specific models, wherein the entire valve is modeled with solid elements that more faithfully represent the chordae, the leaflets, and the transition between the two. These models have the potential to enhance our understanding of mitral valve mechanics and to re-examine the role of the mitral valve chordae, which heretofore have been considered to be ‘invisible’ to the fluid and to be of secondary importance to the leaflets. However, these new models also require a rethinking of modeling assumptions. In this study, we examine the conventional practice of loading the leaflets only and not the chordae in order to study the structural response of the mitral valve apparatus. Specifically, we demonstrate that fully resolved 3D models of the mitral valve require a fluid–structure interaction analysis to correctly load the valve even in the case of quasi-static mechanics. While a fluid–structure interaction mode is still more computationally expensive than a structural-only model, we also show that advances in GPU computing have made such models tractable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biochemical and Pharmacologic Profiling of a Novel Dual Acting Antithrombin Agent with Antiprotease and Antiplatelet Actions. Hematologic Implications.

Background: The pathogenesis of thrombosis involves both cellular and humoral processes. Most antithrombotic drugs exhibit either anti-protease or anti-platelet effects. A combination of anti-protease and anti-platelet drugs provides better efficacy in the management of thrombotic disorders. A series of synthetic low molecular weight serine protease inhibitors with varying anti-platelet effects (Medicure Inc.) are being assessed for antithrombotic properties. Materials and Methods: This investigation reports on a compound with low antithrombin/high anti-platelet activity MC 45301 (A) and a compound with high antithrombin/low anti-platelet activity MC 45308 (B) activity in in-vitro and in-vivo settings used to profile antithrombotic drugs. Results: A exhibited strong anti-platelet actions as measured using ADP as an agonist (IC50=1.1 g/ml), whereas B had a higher IC50 (9.4 g/ml). In the antithrombin titration assay A (>100 μg/ml) showed a relatively higher IC50 than B (45 μg/ml). In the global anticoagulant assays, A exhibited somewhat weaker effects than B. In the Xa generation assay, both compounds exhibited similar effects. However, in the thrombin generation assays B exhibited stronger effects. In whole blood assays both compounds produced anticoagulant and anti-platelet effects. Intravenous administration of these compounds to rabbits over a dose range of 50–500 g/kg produced strong dose dependent antithrombotic actions. In comparison to direct antithrombin agents such as argatroban, at a comparable dose, B produced identical antithrombotic actions, which were disproportional to the systemic anticoagulant effects. A produced modest antithrombotic actions with minimal ex vivo clotting effects. This data is highly suggestive that compounds with dual targets are able to produce stronger antithrombotic actions relative to monotherapeutic agents. Additional studies in arterial thrombosis may provide newer insights into the antithrombotic actions of compounds with dual sites of action. Moreover, these agents may be more effective in thrombotic conditions where both platelets and the coagulation system are involved.
Pharmacotherapy of Obesity: Clinical Trials to Clinical Practice.

This review provides an overview of the current state of drug therapy for obesity, with a focus on four new drug therapies—lorcaserin, phentermine/topiramate, naltrexone/bupropion, and liraglutide 3.0 mg—which have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for long-term management of obesity since 2012. Topics discussed in this paper include rationale for pharmacotherapy, history of antiobesity drugs, and efficacy and safety data from randomized controlled trials with implications for clinical practice. Weight loss achieved by currently approved drugs ranges from approximately 3 to 9%, above and beyond weight loss with lifestyle counseling alone, after a year. Response and attrition rates in clinical trials indicate that the benefits of pharmacotherapy range from substantial for some patients, modest for others, and no benefits for others still. Decisions regarding selection of a suitable drug from the available pharmacotherapy options and duration of treatment should be based on the expected and observed benefit-to-risk balance and tailored to the needs of each individual patient using the principles of shared decision-making.
Pathologic Outcomes of Architectural Distortion on Digital 2D Versus Tomosynthesis Mammography

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to compare the risk of malignancy associated with architectural distortion detected on 2D digital mammography (DM) versus digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). MATERIALS AND METHODS. We performed a retrospective review of architectural distortion cases recommended for biopsy from September 2007 to February 2011, the period before DBT integration (hereafter known as the DM group), and from January 2013 to June 2016, the period after DBT integration (hereafter known as the DBT group). Medical records were reviewed for imaging findings and pathology results. RESULTS. Architectural distortion was more commonly detected in the DBT group than the DM group (0.14% [274/202,438 examinations] vs 0.07% [121/166,661 examinations]; p < 0.001). The positive predictive value of architectural distortion for malignancy was significantly lower in the DBT group than the DM group (50.7% [139/274 cases] vs 73.6% [89/121 cases]; p < 0.001). Radial scar was the most common nonmalignant find...
The Difficult Pain Patient

The “difficult pain patient” is often a two-way street, and the provider can be just as much at fault. Understanding the reasons behind the behavior can often defuse the situation before it escalates into a crisis. However, there are times when the line must be drawn with continuing unacceptable or threatening behavior. Even when this occurs, rationale approaches are effective in terminating the situation calmly.
Designing a pain management protocol for craniotomy: A narrative review and consideration of promising practices.

Background: Craniotomy is a relatively common surgical procedure with a high incidence of postoperative pain. Development of standardized pain management and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are necessary and crucial to optimize outcomes and patient satisfaction and reduce health care costs.
Mathematics in Industrial Problems. Parts 1-4

(1993). Mathematics in Industrial Problems. Parts 1-4. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 100, No. 6, pp. 597-599.
Artificial Intelligence is Philosophy

Artificial intelligence is philosophical explication turned into computer programs. Historically, what we think of as artificial intelligence arose by taking the explications provided by philosophers, and finding computable extensions and applications of them. Developments in artificial intelligence programming technology have tended to make the process of transforming certain sorts of philosophical explications into programs nearly automatic. Production rule systems, for example, exploit the ambiguity between conditional sentences and procedural rules, and permit one to turn theories consisting of a collection of conditionals into a simple program, with little explicit worry about control structure or algorithm design. Nowadays, most of the philosophical theories used in artificial intelligence are not taken from the philosophical literature directly, but that does not make them any the less philosophical. Computer science teaches us that there is more to philosophy than we might have thought, and it contains new and interesting philosophical contributions.
Determination of state-dependent processing in Thalamus by single neuron properties and neuromodulators

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the state-dependent processing in thalamus by single neuron properties and neuromodulators. It reviews the relevant experimental data obtained from thalamic neurons and describe a computational model of this data. The chapter also discusses some of the functional consequences of different modes of action potential generation in central neurons. Thalamic relay neurons occupy a position in the nervous system, for nearly all sensory/motor information that reaches the neocortex which must first pass through the thalamus by forming synaptic connections with relay neurons. The generation of rhythmic burst firing appears to result from the interaction of the low-threshold Ca++ current and a pacemaker current, the hyperpolarization-activated cation current known as Ih. It is also indicated by computer simulation of thalmic neurons, that alterations in either of these currents will not only affect the ability of thalamicneurons to oscillate, but also the frequency of oscillation.
Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are

What separates your mind from an animal's? Maybe you think it's your ability to design tools, your sense of self, or your grasp of past and future-all traits that have helped us define ourselves as the planet's preeminent species. But in recent decades, these claims have eroded, or even been disproven outright, by a revolution in the study of animal cognition. Take the way octopuses use coconut shells as tools; elephants that classify humans by age, gender, and language; or Ayumu, the young male chimpanzee at Kyoto University whose flash memory puts that of humans to shame. Based on research involving crows, dolphins, parrots, sheep, wasps, bats, whales, and of course chimpanzees and bonobos, Frans de Waal explores both the scope and the depth of animal intelligence. He offers a firsthand account of how science has stood traditional behaviorism on its head by revealing how smart animals really are, and how we've underestimated their abilities for too long. People often assume a cognitive ladder, from lower to higher forms, with our own intelligence at the top. But what if it is more like a bush, with cognition taking different forms that are often incomparable to ours? Would you presume yourself dumber than a squirrel because you're less adept at recalling the locations of hundreds of buried acorns? Or would you judge your perception of your surroundings as more sophisticated than that of a echolocating bat? De Waal reviews the rise and fall of the mechanistic view of animals and opens our minds to the idea that animal minds are far more intricate and complex than we have assumed. De Waal's landmark work will convince you to rethink everything you thought you knew about animal-and human-intelligence.
Larviciding Culex spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in Catch Basins and Its Impact on West Nile Virus Transmission in Urban Parks in Atlanta, GA

In urban environments, road-side catch basins are common larval habitats of Culex spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes and important targets of larval control in areas subject to West Nile virus (WNv) transmission. We quantified the impact of larviciding basins on Culex spp. populations and WNv infection prevalence by treating basins in and around urban parks in Atlanta, GA, using Mosquito Dunks and Bits (active ingredient, a.i., Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. isrealensis, Dunks-10.31%, Bits-2.86%) and Altosid 30-Day Briquets (a.i., S-methoprene 8.62%) in two separate seasons. Treatments were coupled with WNv surveillance using gravid traps and aspiration of adults resting in basins. Larviciding led to >90% reductions in Culex spp. larval and pupal collections (Dunks/Bits) and >90% pupal mortality (Briquets) in treated sites during treatment periods; however, we did not observe significant reductions in Culex spp. collections in gravid traps (general linear mixed-effects model [GLMM] result, P > 0.1) or in adults collected resting in basins (GLMM, P > 0.5). In addition, WNv infection prevalence in Culex spp. mosquitoes was similar between treated and untreated sites (GLMM, P > 0.05). Larval control remains important for controlling WNv in Atlanta; however, at the scale and frequency applied in our study, larval control alone may not lead to meaningful reductions in adult populations and WNv infection prevalence. A greater understanding of the annual dynamics of Culex spp. breeding and the importance of basins as Culex spp. larval habitats are needed to meaningfully affect WNv in cities such as Atlanta.
The effect of a personalized approach to patient education on heart failure self-management

Personalized tools relevant to an individual patient’s unique characteristics may be an important component of personalized health care. We randomized 97 patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure to receive a printout of an ultrasound image of their inferior vena cava (IVC) with an explanation of how the image is related to their fluid status (n = 50) or to receive no image and only generic heart failure information (n = 47). Adherence to medications, low-sodium diet, and daily weight measurement at baseline and 30 days after discharge were assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Specific Adherence Scale, modified to a three-item version for heart failure (HF), (MOSSAS-3HF, maximum score = 15, indicating adherence all of the time). The baseline MOSSAS-3HF scores (mean ± standard deviation (SD)) were similar for intervention and control groups (7.4 ± 3.4 vs. 6.4 ± 3.7, p = 0.91). The MOSSAS-3HF scores improved for both groups but were not different at 30 days (11.8 ± 2.8 vs. 11.7 ± 3.0, p = 0.90). Survival without readmission or emergency department (ED) visit at 30 days was similar (82.6% vs. 84.1%, p = 0.85). A personalized HF tool did not affect rates of self-reported HF treatment adherence or survival without readmission or ED visit.
Novel Power Control of Voltage-Controlled Inverters for Grid Inertia Support

Nowadays, the voltage-controlled inverter for grid-connected application has been paid great attentions due to its advantages. The power control is important for the voltage-controlled grit-tied inverter to realize advanced function, such as the droop control or virtual-synchronous-generator control. For the power control purpose, this paper proposed a design method for the inertia support control. Compared with the conventional power control, the inertia time and the power amplitude can be customized when grid frequency changes. The detailed design method is provided and verified by the experiment results.
SP0083 MOLECULAR AND METABOLIC EVENTS WHICH UNDERWRITE T CELL PHENOTYPES IN AUTOIMMUNITY

The distribution and function of T cell subsets in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is aberrant. Distinct molecular and metabolic event dictate the numbers and function of T cells. Specifically, the transcriptional repressor cyclic AMP response element modulator alpha (CREMα), which is increased in cells from patients with SLE, accounts for the decreased expression of interleukin (IL)-2 and the increased expression of IL-17 through distinct epigenetic processes. CREMα promotes Th17 cell expansion by promoting the expression of Gls1, the first enzyme in glutaminolysis and by suppressing the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 2 that enables entry of pyruvate in to the Krebs cycle. In parallel, calcium calmodulin kinase 4 which is responsible for the increased binding of CREMα to cAMP response elements of the IL-2and IL-17 loci, promotes the activity of pyruvate kinase M2 and promotes glycolysis and TH17 generation while suppressing the numbers of regulatory T cells. Understanding the exact molecular and metabolic processes that control T cell function in SLE enables therapeutic considerations. Disclosure of Interests: George Tsokos Grant/research support from: Janssen Research & Development, LLC
Dislocation of Lattice Points for Impedance Matching of a Photonic Bandgap Cavity Resonator

A photonic bandgap (PBG) cavity resonator encompassing a metamaterial with a sparsely populated array of metallic rods has been arrived at for potential application in future generations of particle accelerators. The star-shape array was evolved from a two-dimensional triangle lattice with certain lattice points vacant. Optimized for the TM 01 – like mode with the electric field concentrated at the center while the higher-order modes (HOMs) are constrained from the center, the cavity is excited by a standard rectangular waveguide. Input matching is accomplished by fine tuning in the positions of selected metal rods in the two outer layers. The cavity-waveguide assembly was fabricated with copper and cold tested for resonance characteristics. A return loss of over 20 dB at the designed resonance frequency of 11.41 GHz was measured. A bead pull experiment was performed to confirm the uniformity of the field along the axis of the cavity resonator.
Safety Planning Using Control Barrier Function: A Model Predictive Control Scheme

This paper presents a control barrier function-based model predictive control (MPC) scheme which trades off between safety and performance. The control barrier function and the control Lyapunov function are unified in an unconstrained time-invariant MPC framework which not only guarantees safety but also performs look-ahead optimal planning. This approach provides a smooth transition in interior points of the set of feasible states and ensures safety for a broader class of feasible sets for which the safety criteria is a function of possibly all state variables. Compared to existing methods, it addresses the case of conflict between safety and optimality and safe set does not necessarily contain the origin. Also, the proposed barrier function candidate does not need a zeroing factor to ensure stability. In addition, it can be applied to the cases where the feasible sets are open or do not have a global minimizer. Moreover, a tuning parameter is incorporated to specify the required level of conservativeness of the controller depending on the application. The provided simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Chapter 8 – Operating Criminal Justice Agencies Under a Consent Decree

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act, and Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act. The chapter describes how these two pieces of legislation operate and affect criminal justice agencies. The issue of police misconduct and prisoner abuse is clearly a matter of social policy and legislation requiring assessment. These laws have had a significant impact on the criminal justice system and represent a major federal government intervention into the operations of criminal justice agencies. Legislation affects policy, and administrators and officers should be aware of the mechanics of these two statutes and address changes in their agency's operations as appropriate.
Assessing the Jurisdictional Model of Topicality.

Debate theorists have argued that topicality is a jurisdictional issue. While the term “jurisdictional” is used freely in this context, few understand the actual implications of using jurisdiction ...
History of Scientific Journals

Scholars who investigate the history of journals come from multiple disciplines and perspectives. Like those who have written about the history of professions and higher education. Mainly the fields that investigate the history of magazines are: the history of science, the history of the book, communications and information studies. Academics in all these fields would probably agree that the research article is an important artifact that is produced from the larger socialization and bureaucratization trends of universities. Research articles became an exclusive writing genre for professional scientists. Despite the importance of the research article in so many different fields of scientific research, few scholars have investigated its origins.DOI: https://doi.org/10.33571/revistaluciernaga.v11n22a1
Multifocal Calcifying Fibrous Tumor at Seven Intrathoracic Sites in One Patient

Calcifying fibrous tumors are rare lesions that occur throughout the body. A 35-year-old man presented with exertional dyspnea. Computed tomography showed a polypoid mass abutting pericardium, diaphragm, and left chest wall, and a pleural-based lesion adjacent to T12. Thoracoscopy revealed a large mass with diaphragmatic stalk, two pleural-based nodules, and four diaphragmatic nodules. Pathologic analysis of resected lesions showed calcifying fibrous tumors. Three lesions contained heterogenous mutations associated with this tumor type. The patient is disease free 1 year later. Calcifying fibrous tumors should be recognized as rare multifocal pleural and diaphragmatic-based tumors. Complete resection leads to excellent survival for patients with this uncommon disease.
Global Competitiveness of U.S. Advanced-Technology Manufacturing Industries: Large Civil Aircraft

The analysis presented in this study focuses primarily on the LCA manufacturing industries in the United States and Western Europe. It also includes some discussion of Russia’s LCA industry, which is beginning to produce aircraft for export. Although Japan is not a producer of LCA, it is examined in the context of its aeronautical R&D.
Do You Fit the Alloy Mold? The Homogenization of Structure and Audience in the Television Adaptations of 'Gossip Girl,' 'Pretty Little Liars,' and 'The Vampire Diaries'

iv Introduction 1 Alloy Entertainment and a Focus on Girls 5 Structural Homogenization and an Emphasis on Consumption 11 Consumption and Class 20 African Americans as Invisible, Outsiders, and Antagonists 43 Conclusions 59 Works Cited 61
Decline in Pediatric Shelf Examination Performance During COVID-19.

Background Medical student education has been impacted by the ongoing coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Medical students were removed from clinical settings, and the censuses in pediatric hospitals decreased. While there have been studies starting to evaluate these effects on medical students training in surgical subspecialties, the literature in pediatrics is limited. Objective This study analyzed third-year medical students' National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Clinical Science Pediatrics Shelf Exam scores at the conclusion of their core pediatric clerkship. We compared the exam scores before COVID-19 pandemic to those during the pandemic. We hypothesized that the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic would have a negative impact on NBME shelf exam scores and that shelf exam failure rates would increase. Methods Institutional Review Board approval was obtained prior to initiation of this study. We conducted a retrospective review of medical student pediatric shelf exam scores from June 2017 to December 2020 from one large, single institution. We adjusted scores for block schedule timing and standardized them based on national norms published for the year prior. We compared two groups: those who completed their pediatric clerkship experiences before pandemic (predominantly in-person learning) vs. those who completed it during the pandemic (predominantly virtual learning). Groups were compared using chi-square and analysis-of-variance testing. Results We included 991 medical students, 772 before COVID-19 and 219 during COVID-19. Of these, 19 of 772 (2.5%) students failed the exam prior to COVID-19 compared to 19 of 219 (8.7%) during COVID-19 (p < 0.001). Students who completed their pediatric clerkship during COVID-19 were 3.77 times more likely to fail their end-of-clerkship NBME shelf exam (p < 0.001). Conclusions Students who completed their core pediatric clerkship in a predominantly virtual platform during the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly more likely to fail their end-of-clerkship NBME shelf exam. Increased failure rates may suggest issues with acquisition and retainment of pediatric medical knowledge throughout the clerkship, creating knowledge gaps in the foundation of their pediatric experience. Long-term effects of virtual learning platforms will need to be studied further.
Decoherence and Quantum Error Correction

One of the biggest problems in building a quantum computer is noise or decoherence. Qubits are coupled to other systems whether we want them to be or not, e.g., atoms couple to the electromagnetic field and spins couple to other spins via dipole–dipole interactions. These unwanted couplings can cause errors, and we need to protect quantum information against these errors.
Uterine mass and uterine blood volume in mice selected 21 generations for alternative criteria to increase litter size.

Lines of mice, selected for 21 generations using alternative criteria to increase litter size, were evaluated for uterine mass and uterine blood volume to help explain differences in uterine capacity. For this study, mice were sampled from Generation 27, the sixth generation after relaxation of selection. Mice came from all four criteria of selection (LS = selection on number born to unaltered females; IX = selection on index of ovulation rate and ova success; UT = selection on uterine capacity; and LC = unselected control) in each of three replicates (a total of 12 lines). Measurement was at one of two stages, either 3 d or 6 d of gestation. Matings were at 10 wk of age, and a total of 508 mice (17 to 26 per line-day of pregnancy subclass) were measured. The mean of the three selected groups exceeded the control in uterine mass (P < .001), uterine blood volume (P < .002), uterine mass/body mass (P < .03), and uterine blood volume/body mass (P < .04) but not in uterine blood volume/uterine mass. Greater uterine mass and concomitantly greater uterine blood volume may have been partly responsible for greater uterine capacity resulting from LS, IX, and UT selections.
Airborne Radar-Based Collision Detection and Risk Estimation for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Airborne collision detection is a difficult problem due to inherent noise, errors in prediction, and challenges associated with modeling the dynamics of the intruder aircraft. Moreover, onboard limited computational resources, fast closing speeds, and unanticipated maneuvers make it challenging to detect collision without creating too many false alarms. In this paper, an innovative approach is presented to quantify likely intruder trajectories and estimate the probability of collision risk for a pair of aircraft flying at the same altitude and in close proximity given the state estimates provided by an airborne radar sensor. The proposed approach is formulated in a probabilistic framework using the reachable set concept and the statistical data contained in the uncorrelated encounter model developed by Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Monte-Carlo-based simulation is used to evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed approach with linearly extrapolated collision-detectio...
Systematic studies of chromogenic reagents for detecting organic compounds on thin-layer chromatograms

Abstract Seven chromogenic reagents for detecting primary, secondary, and tertiary amines on thin-layer chromatograms have been evaluated systematically. The reagents are p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, salicylaldehyde, furfural, copper sulfate, 2-thiobarbituric acid, and o-tolidine. All were screened for usefulness on at least three amines; the first four were further evaluated on 28 amines and 24 other organic compounds. 2,3-Dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone is the most generally useful reagent, although it also reacts with classes of compounds other than amines. p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde will detect most aromatic amines and a few aliphatic amines and gives the best sensitivity of any of the tests. Salicyladehyde is useful only for detecting primary amines.
The Possibility of Chemonuclear Reactors Producing Ozone for Water Treatment

Ozone produced by irradiation of air or oxygen is proposed for use in water purification and pollution control. Nuclear reactor requirements for typical water-treatment situations are presented, an...
Space diversity of CPM over fading channels with interfering signals

Coherent detection of signals transmitted over a slow Rayleigh fading channel with additive white Gaussian noise with interference is considered. A simulation technique for evaluating the degradation in performance due to the cochannel in interference and adjacent channel interference over Rayleigh fading channels is introduced and the improvement in performance that can be obtained by using space diversity with different numbers of branches. The use of maximum ratio diversity combiner as an alternative to improve the error probability is also considered using a modified Monte Carlo simulation technique. >
Radioactive Origin of Emissions Observed from Uranium Compounds and Their Silica Cells.

Uranyl ion fluorescence at 520 nm has been recorded from solutions that were excited only by radioactive emanations from trace concentrations of a 232U impurity or added 225actinium nitrate. This fluorescence had also been observed by others from 233UO4·2H2O, but was attributed to a nuclear origin. Atomic oxygen emission was observed for a 233UO4·2H2O sample, as was a broad visible emission originating from the fused silica tube that contained the radioactive sample.
Registry studies of long-term multiple sclerosis outcomes Description of key registries

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) registries can provide valuable insights into the natural history of MS. Key observational findings of the registries include MS patient disability progression rate, predictors of increased disability, and changes in lifespan. MS registries have been established in Canada, the United States, and Europe, some of which have existed for decades. Recommendations for registry use and improvement based on a review of a selection of MS registries from these countries are presented. Methods: A panel of experts analyzed the current status of a number of the established MS registries and made recommendations on their usefulness and on improvements for the creation of future MS registries. Results: Improved inter-registry consistency in order to better compare and contrast the results of different registries was advocated. To follow the course of MS, the initiation of a prospective, complete, verifiable database of patients with clinically isolated syndrome was also recommended. Time to Expanded Disability Status Scale 6 was supported over mortality as the central endpoint of a registry study, because it can be detected earlier in the course of the disease than mortality. Conclusions: The data collected from registries are considered valuable in understanding MS, despite difficulties with registries such as a lack of consistency between their databases.
BISC: A bitmap itemset support counting approach for efficient frequent itemset mining

The performance of a depth-first frequent itemset (FI) miming algorithm is closely related to the total number of recursions. In previous approaches this is mainly decided by the total number of FIs, which results in poor performance when a large number of FIs are involved. To solve this problem, a three-strategy adaptive algorithm, bitmap itemset support counting (BISC), is presented. The core strategy, BISC1, is used in the innermost steps of the recursion. For a database D with only s frequent items, a depth-first approach need up to s levels of recursions to detect all the FIs (up to 2s). BISC1 completely replaces these recursions with a special summation that directly calculates the supports of all the possible 2s candidate itemsets. With BISC1 the run-time is entirely independent of the database after one database scan, and the per-candidate cost is only s. To offset the exponential growth of cost (both time and space) with BISC1 as s increases, a second strategy, BISC2, is introduced to effectively double the acceptable range of s. BISC2 divides an itemset into prefix and suffix and improves the performance by pruning all the itemsets with infrequent prefixes. If the total number of frequent items in D is high, the classic database projection strategy is used. In this case for the first s items a single run of BISC (1 or 2) is applied. For each of the remaining items, a projected database is created and the mining process proceeds recursively. To achieve optimal performance, BISC adaptively decides which strategy to use based on the dataset and minimum support. Experiments show that BISC outperforms previous approaches in all the datasets tested. Even though this does not guarantee that BISC will always perform the best, the result is impressive given the fact that most existing algorithms are only efficient in some types of datasets. The memory usage of BISC is also comparable to those of other algorithms.
In Vivo Biliary Function in the Adult Rat: The Effect of Parenteral Glucose and Amino Acids

Parenteral glucose and glucose-amino acid mixtures are used in the nutritional support of infants, children, and adults when enteral feedings are precluded for any reason. During the first week of such nutritional support, the total energy intakes are generally low and glucose and electrolytes are the only nutrients provided. To assess the effects of such "hypocaloric" regimens, we determined the hepatic responses to parenteral infusions of either glucose or glucose-amino acid mixtures in rats. Further, to illustrate the magnitude of these changes in comparison to normally fed animals, we included a group of sham-operated, chow-fed rats. Bile flow, biliary bile acid output, bile osmolarity, serum bile acids, and plasma amino acids were measured in adult rats following 5 days of the respective dietary regimens. Liver histology was also assessed. Bile acid output, but not bile flow, was significantly decreased by the infusion of glucose compared to glucose-amino acid mixtures. However, in comparison to the chow-fed rats, bile acid output was significantly reduced in both groups of parenterally fed animals, whereas bile flow was significantly reduced only in the glucose-infused animals. Plasma amino acids were markedly different between the groups; concentrations of essential amino acids were greater in the glucose-amino acid infused animals than in the glucose infused animals. Nonessential gluconeogenic amino acids were significantly higher in the glucose-infused animals compared to the other groups; plasma valine was significantly lower in the glucose-infused animals reflecting the lack of protein intake. Liver histology was markedly abnormal in all of the glucose-infused animals, whereas only half the glucose-amino acid infused animals had abnormal pathology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Carrier-envelope phase controlled ultrashort light pulses for nonlinear optics

Broadband Ti:sapphire lasers based on double-chirped mirror pairs deliver 5fs-pulses with octave-spanning spectra for direct carrier-envelope phase locking. Further development of these lasers in terms of higher repetition rates and broader output spectra is discussed.
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction and Barrett's esophagus☆

Abstract Background & Aims Barrett's esophagus is associated with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. Methods Consecutive, freshly resected surgical esophagogastrectomy specimens were examined, and multiple histological sections were made around the tumor periphery. Barrett's esophagus was defined as specialized columnar epithelium above the esophagogastric junction. Tumors centered ≤2 cm from the junction were defined as junction cancers. Results Barrett's esophagus was found in 9 of 9 (100%) esophageal adenocarcinomas compared with 0 of 8 (0%) squamous carcinoma controls ( P ⩽ 0.001). Ten of 24 (42%) junction adenocarcinomas had a Barrett's esophagus. A Barrett's esophagus was found in 8 of 12 (67%) junction cancers ≤6 cm in length but only 2 of 12 (17%) larger tumors ( P ⩽ 0.05). Barrett's esophagus was significantly associated with junction tumors P ⩽ 0.02). In 5 specimens with junction cancer, the length of Barrett's esophagus was