cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lymph Node Ratio Is Less Prognostic in Melanoma When Minimum Node Retrieval Thresholds Are Not Met.

Lymph node ratio (LNR), positive nodes divided by nodes examined, has been proposed for prognostication in melanoma to mitigate problems with low node counts. However, it is unclear if LNR offers superior prognostication over total counts of positive nodes and nodes examined. Additionally, the prognostic value of LNR may change if a threshold number of nodes are examined. We evaluated whether LNR is more prognostic than positive nodes and nodes examined, and whether the prognostic value of LNR changes with minimum thresholds. Using the National Cancer Data Base Participant User File, we identified 74,692 incident cases with nodal dissection during 2000–2006. We compared LNR versus counts of examined and positive nodes based on Harrell’s C, a measure of predictive ability. We then stratified by total nodes examined: greater versus fewer than ten for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and greater versus fewer than five for inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND). Overall, LNR had a Harrell’s C of 0.628 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.625–0.631). Examined and positive nodes were not significantly different from this, with a Harrell’s C of 0.625 (95 % CI 0.621–0.630). In ALND, LNR had a Harrell’s C of 0.626 (95 % CI 0.610–0.643) with ≥10 nodes versus 0.554 (95 % CI 0.551–0.558) < 10 nodes. In ILND, LNR had a Harrell’s C of 0.679 (95 % CI 0.664–0.694) with ≥5 nodes versus C of 0.601 (95 % CI 0.595–0.606) < 5 nodes. LNR provides no prognostic superiority versus counts of examined and positive nodes. Moreover, the prognostic value of LNR diminishes when minimum node retrieval thresholds are not met.
Differentiation of pernicious anemia from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: The clinical value of subtle pathologic findings

Abstract Background Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia that requires emergent treatment with plasma exchange and is one of the most important conditions for which apheresis service professionals are consulted. Careful interpretation of initial laboratory values and the peripheral blood smear is a critical first step to determining the need for plasma exchange because other conditions can show deceptively similar red cell morphology, and ADAMTS13 levels are often not rapidly available. Case Report We report a case of a patient who was initially diagnosed with TTP and treated with plasma exchange based on preliminary laboratory data and a peripheral blood smear that contained bizarre microcytic red blood cells presumed to be schistocytes. The peripheral blood smear was later interpreted by the hematopathologist to be inconsistent with TTP, and further workup led to a diagnosis of severe vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to pernicious anemia. Results and Conclusion This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of thrombotic microangiopathies and the importance of a critical evaluation of the blood smear and presenting laboratory data when there is a concern for TTP.
Risk Management Strategies Among African-American Slaves at Locust Grove Plantation

African Americans faced a variety of risks under the institution of slavery. The theory of risk management is used as a context for understanding the lives of slaves at Locust Grove Plantation in Kentucky and for deconstructing the common myth that slavery was unusually mild there. African Americans used a diversity of means at Locust Grove to cope with risk, including generalized reciprocity, food storage, religion, and strong kinship/community bonds.
Assessing the effects of riboflavin/UV-A crosslinking on porcine corneal mechanical anisotropy with optical coherence elastography.

In this work we utilize optical coherence elastography (OCE) to assess the effects of UV-A/riboflavin corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) on the mechanical anisotropy of in situ porcine corneas at various intraocular pressures (IOP). There was a distinct meridian of increased Young’s modulus in all samples, and the mechanical anisotropy increased as a function of IOP and also after CXL. The presented noncontact OCE technique was able to quantify the Young’s modulus and elastic anisotropy of the cornea and their changes as a function of IOP and CXL, opening new avenues of research for evaluating the effects of CXL on corneal biomechanical properties.
Abstract 306: Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, A Therapeutic Target In Post-myocardial Infarction Heart Failure In Diabetes

Development of heart failure (HF) and pathological remodeling occurs after myocardial infarction (MI). However, in diabetic patients the prognosis is far worse. Hyperglycemia leads to accumulation of reactive aldehydes like 4-hydroxy-2 nonenal (4-HNE) in the heart. 4-HNE impairs cellular function and causes organ damage by forming adducts with critical proteins. In this study, we hypothesized that 1) 4-HNE-induced impairment of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) i.e. ALDH2 contributed to myocardial ischemia-induced HF in diabetes mellitus (DM) and 2) pharmacological activation of ALDH2 by Alda-1 prevent post-MI cardiac damage in DM. To test these hypotheses, first 8-week old C57BLC/6J male mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (150 mg/Kg). After 8 weeks of STZ, mice were infused with isoproterenol (Iso) (45 mg/Kg) for 2 weeks by mini pumps to induce chronic myocardial ischemia and HF. Cardiac dysfunction was assessed in conscious mice by echocardiography periodically until sacrifice (16 weeks after STZ). We had normal control (Con), DM control (DM), DM + Iso and non-diabetic Iso control (Iso) with n 6 in each group. Fractional shortening (FS) was reduced in DM + Iso group (47 ± 1.2%) compared to Con (53 ± 0.9 %) and DM (55 ± 1.6 %) P
Machine-learned and codified synthesis parameters of oxide materials

Predictive materials design has rapidly accelerated in recent years with the advent of large-scale resources, such as materials structure and property databases generated by ab initio computations. In the absence of analogous ab initio frameworks for materials synthesis, high-throughput and machine learning techniques have recently been harnessed to generate synthesis strategies for select materials of interest. Still, a community-accessible, autonomously-compiled synthesis planning resource which spans across materials systems has not yet been developed. In this work, we present a collection of aggregated synthesis parameters computed using the text contained within over 640,000 journal articles using state-of-the-art natural language processing and machine learning techniques. We provide a dataset of synthesis parameters, compiled autonomously across 30 different oxide systems, in a format optimized for planning novel syntheses of materials.
Data Science: Transformation of Research and Scholarship

The emergence of data science as a practice and discipline is revolutionizing research potential in all disciplines, but healthcare science has the potential to affect the health of individual lives. The use of existing data provides fertile ground for healthcare professionals to conduct research that will maximize quality outcomes, develop algorithms of care to increase efficiency and safety, and create predictive models that have the ability to prevent illness events and reduce healthcare expenditures. Data science can change practice through using existing and growing amounts of data to conduct research and build scholarship. Clinical trials, in some cases, may no longer be required to examine interventions. The pragmatic and efficient use of existing large cohort datasets has the ability to generate sample and control groups to determine efficacy. The collection of data from electronic medical records can provide substantial data to determine trends, construct algorithms, and consider disease and health behaviors modeling that alter patient care. Digital research incorporating vast amounts of data and new analytics has the ability to influence global healthcare.
Micronutrient Dietary Intake in Latina Pregnant Adolescents and Its Association with Level of Depression, Stress, and Social Support

Adolescent pregnant women are at greater risk for nutritional deficits, stress, and depression than their adult counterparts, and these risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes are likely interrelated. This study evaluated the prevalence of nutritional deficits in pregnant teenagers and assessed the associations among micronutrient dietary intake, stress, and depression. One hundred and eight pregnant Latina adolescents completed an Automated Self-Administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24) in the 2nd trimester. Stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale and the Prenatal Distress Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale. Social support satisfaction was measured using the Social Support Questionnaire. More than 50% of pregnant teenagers had an inadequate intake (excluding dietary supplement) of folate, vitamin A, vitamin E, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous. Additionally, >20% of participants had an inadequate intake of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, copper, and selenium. Prenatal supplement inclusion improved dietary intake for most micronutrients except for calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous, (>50% below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)) and for copper and selenium (>20% below the EAR). Higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher energy, carbohydrates, and fats, and lower magnesium intake. Higher social support satisfaction was positively associated with dietary intake of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, iron, and zinc. The findings suggest that mood and dietary factors are associated and should be considered together for health interventions during adolescent pregnancy for the young woman and her future child.
Femtosecond laser transverse mode conversion by an achromatic volume phase mask

Ultrafast femtosecond laser systems have enabled many breakthroughs in the fields of science and technology. However due to the large spectral bandwidth necessary for creating short pulses, it is quite difficult to manipulate their transverse mode structure. Here we present successful femtosecond transverse mode conversion from the fundamental mode TEM00 to modes TEM01, TEM10, and TEM11 with the use of an achromatic phase mask based on diffractive optics. The femtosecond source had ~12.8 nm of bandwidth and pulse duration of <100 fs.
The effects of early trauma and the FKBP5 gene on PTSD and the HPA axis in a clinical sample of Gulf War veterans.

Abstract Previous research indicates that interactions between FKBP5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and child abuse are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood. We examined the relationship between the T-allele of the rs1360780 FKBP5 SNP and child abuse on PTSD and the HPA axis in a clinical sample of Gulf War veterans. Genotyping was completed on 266 veterans and 174 veterans additionally participated in a low dose dexamethasone suppression test (DST). The CAPS was used to determine PTSD status and the THQ was used to determine child abuse operationalized as either childhood physical or sexual abuse. Hierarchical regression models were used to assess FKBP5 × child abuse interactions on PTSD, basal cortisol levels, and post DST cortisol levels. The FKBP5 risk allele and child abuse were separately associated with PTSD diagnosis. The risk allele was also associated with significantly lower cortisol levels at baseline. However, no significant FKBP5 × child abuse interaction on PTSD diagnosis, basal cortisol levels, or greater cortisol suppression was observed. Our results suggest that FKBP5 may be a viable biomarker for PTSD. Nonetheless, further work will be required to reconcile our findings with previous reports of an FKBP5 × child abuse interaction on posttraumatic stress response.
A QCM-D study of the concentration- and time-dependent interactions of human LL37 with model mammalian lipid bilayers.

Abstract The human antimicrobial peptide LL37 is promising as an alternative to antibiotics due to its biophysical interactions with charged bacterial lipids. However, its clinical potential is limited due to its interactions with zwitterionic mammalian lipids leading to cytotoxicity. Mechanistic insight into the LL37 interactions with mammalian lipids may enable rational design of less toxic LL37-based therapeutics. To this end, we studied concentration- and time-dependent interactions of LL37 with zwitterionic model phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayers with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). LL37 mass adsorption and PC bilayer viscoelasticity changes were monitored by measuring changes in frequency (Δf) and dissipation (ΔD), respectively. The Voigt-Kelvin viscoelastic model was applied to Δf and ΔD to study changes in bilayer thickness and density with LL37 concentration. At low concentrations (0.10–1.00 μM), LL37 adsorbed onto bilayers in a concentration-dependent manner. Further analyses of Δf, ΔD and thickness revealed that peptide saturation on the bilayers was a threshold for interactions observed above 2.00 μM, interactions that were rapid, multi-step, and reached equilibrium in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Based on these data, we proposed a model of stable transmembrane pore formation at 2.00–10.0 μM, or transition from a primarily lipid to a primarily protein film with a transmembrane pore formation intermediate state at concentrations of LL37 > 10 μM. The concentration-dependent interactions between LL37 and PC bilayers correlated with the observed concentration-dependent biological activities of LL37 (antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and non-cytotoxic at 0.1–1.0 μM, hemolytic and some cytotoxicity at 2.0–13 μM and cytotoxic at >13 μM).
Switching-State Dynamical Modeling of Daily Behavioral Data

Emerging wearable and environmental sensor technologies provide health professionals with unprecedented capacity to continuously collect human behavioral data for health monitoring and management. This enables new solutions to mitigate globally emerging health problems such as obesity. With such outburst of dynamic sensor data, it is critical that appropriate mathematical models and computational methods are developed to translate the collected data into accurate characterization of the underlying health dynamics, enabling more reliable personalized monitoring, prediction, and intervention of health status changes. In addition to addressing common analytic challenges in analyzing sensor behavioral data, such as missing values and outliers, we focus on modeling heterogeneous dynamics to better capture health status changes under different conditions, which may lead to more effective state-dependent intervention strategies. We implement switching-state dynamic system models with different complexity levels on real-world daily behavioral data. Evaluation experiments of these models are conducted to demonstrate the importance of modeling the dynamic heterogeneity, as well as simultaneously conducting missing value imputation and outlier detection in achieving interpretable health dynamic models with better prediction of health status changes.
ASLI ÇIRAKMAN, From the “Terror of the World” to the “Sick Man of Europe”: European Images of Ottoman Empire and Society from the Sixteenth Century to the Nineteenth (New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2002). Pp. 246. $15.95

In From the “Terror of the World” to the “Sick Man of Europe”: European Images of Ottoman Empire and Society from the Sixteenth Century to the Nineteenth Asli Cirakman argues that European attitudes towards the Ottoman Empire were extremely variable in the 16th and 17th centuries, hardening into a simpler picture as Europeans became more self-confident and more self-critical: “one can observe that in the eighteenth-century images of Ottomans there is more agreement than controversy as to the nature of this peculiar form of government and people” (p. 108). The author seeks to challenge Edward Said's arguments in Orientalism, stating flatly that Said oversimplified early modern attitudes to smooth the way for a teleological argument that European attitudes started out reflexively hostile and only became more so with the rise of imperialist and colonialist agendas in the region. Specifically, she argues that earlier travelers and essayists displayed a more wide-ranging curiosity and therefore produced more diverse perspectives on the Ottoman Empire than did their counterparts in the 18th century.
Der Interkulturelle Dialog: Ein zentrales Element des Internationalen Managements

In der Zeitschrift fur Betriebswirtschaft (ZfB) sind in den letzten rund 20 Jahren nur drei Aufsatze zu dem Thema „Internationales Management“ erschienen (siehe Ringlstetter/Skrobarcyk 1994, Koller et al. 1998, Eriksson et al. 2001).1 Nur ein einziges Mal erscheint das Wort „Internationales Management“ im Stichwortverzeichnis der ZfB (siehe Ringlstetter/Skrobarcyk 1994). Die Anzahl der betriebswirtschaftlichen Lehrbucher zum Internationalen Management hat dagegen in den letzten Jahren erfreulich zugenommen (u. a. Hermanns et al. 1995, Perlitz 1995, Dulfer 1997, Mead 1998, Welge/Holtbrugge 1998, Hill 2000, Kuemmerle 2005, Sollner 2007, Kutschker/Schmid 2008).2 Vor allem empirische Untersuchungen und Vergleiche sind verstarkt zu finden. Man wird jedoch konstatieren durfen, dass empirische Analysen der Erfolgsfaktoren fur die interkulturelle Kommunikation im international tatigen Unternehmen nach wie vor Mangelware sind.3 Von diesen Faktoren hangt jedoch der Erfolg internationaler Wettbewerbsstrategien von Unternehmen aus unterschiedlichen Kulturkreisen entscheidend ab.
Triamterene Nephrolithiasis: Renewed Attention is Warranted

AbstractAlthough triamterene has been known to contribute to urinary calculus formation, it has been presumed to be a rare phenomenon. Our review of stone analyses performed during the last decade by a single laboratory reveals an increasing incidence of triamterene stones. Awareness of the calculogenic potential of triamterene-containing medications should be re-emphasized.
Canonical and Non-Canonical Hedgehog Signaling Pathways: Role of G Proteins

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has received a great deal of attention in the past decade due to its involvement in cancer, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Several inhibitors of the pathway were developed which target the 7-transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo), core component of the canonical pathway that controls Gli-dependent transcriptional activity. However, recent studies revealed that the Hh pathway has other transcription-independent functions, collectively known as “non-canonical signaling.” This review describes the role and function of each Hh pathway component in canonical and non-canonical signaling, with emphasis on the role of Smo as a GPCR that selectively activates heterotrimeric Gi proteins.
Square blocks and equioscillation in the Padé, walsh, and cf tables

It is well known that degeneracies in the form of repeated entries always occupy square blocks in the Pade table, and likewise in the Walsh table of real rational Chebyshev approximants on an interval. The same is true in complex CF (Caratheodory-Fejer) approximation on a circle. We show that these block structure results have a common origin in the existence of equioscillation-type characterization theorems for each of these three approximation problems. Consideration of position within a block is then shown to be a fruitful guide to various questions whose answers are affected by degeneracy.
Utility of Radar in Measuring Areal Rainfall

Areal rainfall distribution over a 50-square-mile area was observed by 3-cm radar and by a rain-gage network of 33 rain gages. Isohyetal maps were prepared from both rain-gage and radar observation...
DEMENTIA BIASES AMONG INTERNATIONAL HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Healthcare providers are not exempt from implicit biases and beliefs that affect attitudes and behaviors. Biases and beliefs about dementia can be a barrier to appropriate dementia care and require exploration. In January 2018, we examined the research literature to identify what is known about healthcare providers, biases, beliefs, and dementia-related stigma. Search included Pubmed, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and Cochrane Database using keywords and subject terms: doctor, physician, provider, clinician, healthcare provider, nurse, physician assistant, patient care team; AND treatment, patient care, delivery of healthcare, doctor patient relation*; AND bias, implicit bias, stigma, discrimination, healthcare disparit*, attitude of health personnel, stereotyp*, sexism, racism, ageism; AND dementia, Alzheimer*. Results were limited to English and publication 2014 or later. Commentaries, case studies, and non-peer reviewed articles were excluded. Reference lists of articles and literature reviews were searched. Eligibility criteria focused on dementia biases and stigma. We identified 1750 citations. After removing duplicates, we screened 1652 titles and abstracts, selecting 74 articles for full-text review. Of the twenty-four (24) that met eligibility criteria and were included, 13 were qualitative, 8 quantitative, and 3 mixed-methods. Studies represented providers from the UK (7), USA (3), Sweden (3), the Netherlands (2), Australia (2), Finland, Belgium, France, Japan, China, Nepal, Israel. We found the following themes: implicit biases; (ageism, therapeutic nihilism) and structural biases (insufficient education, insufficient time). Biases affecting care included use of restraints, communication, dementia screening, and diagnosis. Implications of these findings for education, practice, and future research will be presented.
Prevention of Breast Cancer by Food Bioactives in Relation to Cancer Subtypes: Epigenetic Mechanisms

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of mortality among women worldwide. Aberrations in epigenetic regulation of tumor-suppressor genes contribute to hereditary and sporadic breast cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for dietary compounds as epigenetic modifiers of breast cancer risk. However, given that breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, it is important to consider variations in the epigenetic profile and potential response to food compounds across breast cancer subtypes. In this chapter, we first summarize research evidence regarding differences in epigenotype across breast tumor subtypes with emphasis on changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the expression of noncoding RNA. Second, we discuss the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the silencing of breast cancer 1 (BRCA1), selected as a prototype early-onset breast cancer gene and epigenetic target by environmental and endogenous compounds that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Third, we highlight research evidence about food components (e.g., resveratrol and genistein) as dietary preventatives against epigenetic repression of BRCA1 by AhR agonists and the development of estrogen receptor-negative and triple-negative breast cancer.
Characterization of power-law creep in the solid-acid CsHSO 4 via nanoindentation

A high-temperature nanoindentation system was used to examine the steady state indentation creep behavior of CsHSO4. This high proton conductivity solid-acid material is a candidate for use as a solid-state electrolyte in intermediate temperature fuel cells. Constant strain rate indentation creep tests yielded a stress exponent and a creep activation energy in close agreement with results obtained from previous uniaxial compression testing. The large penetration depths reached during creep testing necessitated validating an indenter area function well beyond depths measurable in fused silica. The developed methodology is material agnostic meaning it can be used for indentation creep measurements in other high creep rate materials. In addition, it is shown how an analysis developed by Bower et al. (Proc. Royal Soc. 441, 97–124, 1993) can be successfully used to convert the indentation creep parameters into the more common material parameters measured in uniaxial creep tests.
Exploring brain mechanisms underlying Gulf War Illness with group ICA based analysis of fMRI resting state networks

Around 200,000 veterans (up to 32% of those deployed) of the 1991 Gulf War (GW) suffer from GW illness (GWI), which is characterized by multiple deficits in cognitive, affective, sensory and nociception domains. In this study we employed resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) to map impairments in brain function in GWI with advanced network analysis. RsfMRI data was obtained from 60 GWI veterans and 30 age-matched military controls. Group independent component analysis (GICA) was conducted to probe the functional connectivity networks in all 90 subjects. GICA revealed impaired functional connectivity (FC) in GWI veterans between a number of brain function networks consistent with their self-reported symptoms. GWI veterans exhibited impaired FC between language networks, and sensory input networks of all modalities as well as motor output networks. GWI veterans also exhibited impaired FC between different sensory perception and motor networks, and between different networks in the sensorimotor domain. These FC impairments provide putative mechanism of central nervous system dysfunction in GWI.
Introduction: studying political violence while indicted – against objectivity and detachment

Knowledge construction should seek to embrace empiricism – the deriving of knowledge from data and experience – while not confusing this with a false notion of objectivity. As a truly objective app...
Numerical study for European option pricing equations with non-levy jumps

We numerically study partial integro-differential equations that arise from the pricing of options under jump-diffusion processes using finite difference methods. Two kinds of jump-diffusion models...
Integrating Modern Immunology into Medicine

The field of immunology is undergoing a seismic shift, from a predominant focus on inbred mice, and relatively poorly predictive models of human diseases, to new paradigms and methods to analyze human diseases directly. Thus, it should become a much more significant factor in medical practice, where it is currently not considered seriously outside of a few specialities such as oncology and rheumatology.
Differentiating tic electrophysiology from voluntary movement in the human thalamocortical circuit.

Objectives Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder commonly associated with involuntary movements, or tics. We currently lack an ideal animal model for Tourette syndrome. In humans, clinical manifestation of tics cannot be captured via functional imaging due to motion artefacts and limited temporal resolution, and electrophysiological studies have been limited to the intraoperative environment. The goal of this study was to identify electrophysiological signals in the centromedian (CM) thalamic nucleus and primary motor (M1) cortex that differentiate tics from voluntary movements. Methods The data were collected as part of a larger National Institutes of Health-sponsored clinical trial. Four participants (two males, two females) underwent monthly clinical visits for collection of physiology for a total of 6 months. Participants were implanted with bilateral CM thalamic macroelectrodes and M1 subdural electrodes that were connected to two neurostimulators, both with sensing capabilities. MRI scans were performed preoperatively and CT scans postoperatively for localisation of electrodes. Electrophysiological recordings were collected at each visit from both the cortical and subcortical implants. Results Recordings collected from the CM thalamic nucleus revealed a low-frequency power (3–10 Hz) increase that was time-locked to the onset of involuntary tics but was not present during voluntary movements. Cortical recordings revealed beta power decrease in M1 that was present during tics and voluntary movements. Conclusion We conclude that a human physiological signal was detected from the CM thalamus that differentiated tic from voluntary movement, and this physiological feature could potentially guide the development of neuromodulation therapies for Tourette syndrome that could use a closed-loop-based approach.
Tropical and Subtropical North Atlantic Vertical Wind Shear and Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Activity

AbstractGiven recent insights into the role of anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking (AWB) in driving subseasonal and seasonal North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity, this study further examines...
Configuration mixing upon reorganization of dihedral angle induces rapid intersystem crossing in organic photoredox catalyst

A long excited state lifetime is a desirable quality of photocatalysts because it enables a higher probability of energy or electron transfer from the photocatalyst to a substrate. However, achieving a long lifetime in organic (metal-free) catalysts is challenged by competing rapid nonradiative relaxation from excited states and relatively slow intersystem crossing into long-lived states with different spin multiplicity. In this work, we propose an intersystem crossing mechanism in heavy-metal free photocatalyst that results from reorganization of a dihedral angle between moieties. The relaxation of orthogonality of the dihedral angle and increasing the orbital overlap between the two components of the molecule changes the coupling between the configurations of singlet and triplet states, which in turn results in larger spin orbit coupling between the two manifolds as the molecule twists. We predict that this enables intersystem crossing to outcompete the singlet state lifetime.
The Book Review Landscape in American History: Specialization, Segmentation, Value, and History Journals

Book reviews constitute an important component in the communication ecology driving and sustaining historical scholarship. This examination frames the discussion of the book review as artifact of communication. Within the context of its perceived value, its significance to historians, and its position within this ecosystem, the book review is further contextualized within a discussion of subject specialization. Additionally, the intellectual and professional position the book review occupies in this ecology, is broached, and tempered by historians’ observations concerning its relative status, purpose, and necessity for the historical profession. Further observations are articulated by university press directors within the context of the influence that book reviews exert within this communication ecology.
The moral challenges of health care providers brain drain phenomenon

The migration of health-care professionals has often produced morally charged discussions among ethicists, politicians, and policy makers in the migrant-sending and migrant-receiving countries beca...
Blind signal decomposition of various word embeddings based on join and individual variance explained.

In recent years, natural language processing (NLP) has become one of the most important areas with various applications in human's life. As the most fundamental task, the field of word embedding still requires more attention and research. Currently, existing works about word embedding are focusing on proposing novel embedding algorithms and dimension reduction techniques on well-trained word embeddings. In this paper, we propose to use a novel joint signal separation method - JIVE to jointly decompose various trained word embeddings into joint and individual components. Through this decomposition framework, we can easily investigate the similarity and difference among different word embeddings. We conducted extensive empirical study on word2vec, FastText and GLoVE trained on different corpus and with different dimensions. We compared the performance of different decomposed components based on sentiment analysis on Twitter and Stanford sentiment treebank. We found that by mapping different word embeddings into the joint component, sentiment performance can be greatly improved for the original word embeddings with lower performance. Moreover, we found that by concatenating different components together, the same model can achieve better performance. These findings provide great insights into the word embeddings and our work offer a new of generating word embeddings by fusing.
Using Admission Karnofsky Performance Status as a Guide for Palliative Care Discharge Needs.

Objective: To examine the relationship between admission Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) and discharge disposition. Background: Little is known about the relationship between functional status before hospitalization and discharge disposition. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study of patients seen by Mount Sinai Hospital Medicine Primary Palliative Care Program (HPPC), we used demographic and clinical data to compare discharge disposition by patients' functional status before admission into the hospital. Results: Overall, 596 patients received HPPC consults (286 [48%] female, mean age 68.4 years, median admission KPS 40% [requires hospital level care]). Of the 33 patients with a KPS ≥60% (unable to work) 30 (91%) were discharged home, whereas those 262 patients with KPS ≤30% (severely disabled) 52 (20%) were discharged home, 40 (15%) enrolled in hospice, 130 (49.5%) discharged to a facility, and 32 (12%) died in hospital. Conclusions: Worse functional status was associated with a hospice or facility discharge and better functional status was associated with discharge home. Key Message: This retrospective cohort study examined the relationship between KPS before hospital admission and discharge disposition in hospitalized seriously ill patients admitted to the hospital medicine service who received a HPPC consultation. The results suggest that those with a higher admission KPS (more functional) are more likely to be discharged home, whereas those with a lower KPS (less functional) are more likely to be discharged to a facility or hospice. KPS before hospital admission could guide palliative care resource allocation and discharge needs.
Simultaneous and continuous characterization of reversible and irreversible heat of lithium-ion battery using wavelet transform technique

Abstract Entropy coefficient and internal resistance of lithium-ion batteries are the key thermal properties needed for an optimal design of thermal management systems. Currently, these two parameters are measured separately with either potentiometric or calorimetric method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) or hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) method, respectively, which requires different equipment and extra experimental time. In addition, both results are discrete at given state of charge (SOC) points, which does not provide the values in-betweens. In this paper, we proposed a fast and highly efficient calorimetric method based on an isothermal calorimeter that allows for simultaneous and continuous characterization of these two parameters. The method is developed using the wavelet analysis technique, where a sinusoidal AC current with a small DC current offset is used as an input for battery and the heat generation rate is measured as an output using the calorimeter. Then, the two parameters are determined simultaneously in time-frequency domain. The results are compared with those measured by the potentiometric method and EIS analysis, respectively with respect to measurement time and accuracy. The saved time is 95%, and the proposed method maintains the accuracy. In addition, the obtained parameters are used to calculate the total heat generation, which shows a good agreement with the experimental measured one both in the shape and tendency.
Exogenous ketone salts inhibit superoxide production in the rat caudal solitary complex during exposure to normobaric and hyperbaric hyperoxia.

Exposure of rat medullary tissue slices to levels of O2 that mimic those that cause seizures in rats stimulates cellular superoxide (•O2−) production to varying degrees. Cellular •O2− generation in...
Management of Spine SBRT Adverse Effects

Toxicities secondary to spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) have been extensively reported resulting from institutional experiences but are generally considered uncommon. Acute toxicities such as pain flares are typically self-limiting and can be effectively managed with supportive care even in relatively severe cases. On the other hand, late toxicities such as vertebral compression fractures and particularly radiation myelopathy are of greater concern and have been subject to a significant amount of research with the goal of developing safe practices for spine SBRT. In this chapter, we outline current strategies and active areas of research at preventing and treating serious toxicities secondary to SBRT.
Modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and evidence for preventive behavioral interventions

COVID-19 is a novel disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. During the global vaccination rollout, it is vital to thoroughly understand the modes of transmission of the virus in order to prevent further spread of variants and ultimately to end the pandemic. The current literature suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted among the human population primarily through respiratory droplets and, to a lesser extent, via aerosols. Transmission appears to be affected by temperature, humidity, precipitation, air currents, pH, and radiation in the ambient environment. Finally, the use of masks or facial coverings, social distancing, and hand washing are effective public health strategies in reducing the risk of exposure and transmission. Additional research is needed to further characterize the relative benefits of specific nonpharmaceutical interventions.
Blockchain-Based Decentralized Replay Attack Detection for Large-Scale Power Systems

Large-scale power systems are composed of regional utilities with assets that stream sensor readings in real time. In order to detect cyberattacks, the globally acquired, real-time sensor data needs to be analyzed in a centralized fashion. However, owing to operational constraints, such a centralized sharing mechanism turns out to be a major obstacle. In this article, we propose a blockchain-based decentralized framework for detecting coordinated replay attacks with full privacy of sensor data. We develop a Bayesian inference mechanism employing locally reported attack probabilities that is tailor made for a blockchain framework. We compare our framework to a traditional decentralized algorithm based on the broadcast gossip framework both theoretically as well as empirically. With the help of experiments on a private Ethereum blockchain, we show that our approach achieves good detection quality and significantly outperforms gossip-driven approaches in terms of accuracy, timeliness, and scalability.
Correlation Of Executive Dysfunction And Delusions Or Hallucinations With Autoimmune And Paraneoplastic Antibodies In Elderly Presenting With Memory Complaints (P3.221)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of autoimmune/paraneoplastic markers in elderly presenting with executive dysfunction as the sole or co-morbid symptom in Alzheimer9s disease/MCI. BACKGROUND: Alzheimer9s disease (AD) is diagnosed by synthesizing clinical and neuropsychiatric symptoms, neuropsychological profile, and biomarker data. In addition to the amnestic variant, an executive variant has been described in which executive dysfunction is predominant. Although Alzheimer9s pathology may be present, it doesn9t necessarily rule out the contributions of comorbid conditions. Autoimmune and paraneoplastic conditions also increase with aging and when present also lead to executive and neuro-psychiatric symptoms. Due to amyloid protein’s role in immunity, up-regulation of amyloid pathology could be fostered by systemic autoimmunity and contribute to clinical and biomarker manifestations of AD. The aim of this study was to identify the potential role of autoimmune mechanisms in explaining executive dysfunction by obtaining a paraneoplastic profile in cognitively impaired individuals presenting with executive dysfunction alone or in combination with other symptoms suggestive of AD and correlating with clinical or CSF biomarker evidence for AD. DESIGN/METHODS: Study population included 100 consecutive patients presenting to one of 4 behavioral neurology clinicians for evaluation of cognitive impairment who after a standardized comprehensive history, modified CERAD neuropsychological evaluation, and NPI assessment had executive dysfunction (impaired digit span, Trails A/B, clock drawing, and/or phonemic fluency) as a predominant or comorbid finding. Hallucinations and delusions were noted. All underwent serum paraneoplastic evaluation through Mayo Clinic. When insurance allowed, CSF tau/A-beta was determined. RESULTS: 18/100 (18%) of patients with executive dysfunction alone or in combination with an amnestic syndrome had evidence of autoimmune/paraneoplastic markers: 8 acetylcholine receptor; 4 striational; 3 voltage-gated K+ channel; 3 N type/3 P/Q type Ca++ channel; 1 GAD. Five had >1 antibody. AD biomarkers present in 6/8; 2/8 were borderline. Hallucinations and delusions present in 5/18. CONCLUSIONS: Executive dysfunction alone or in combination with typical AD neuropsychological or CSF biomarkers may be indicative of autoimmune/paraneoplastic biomarkers. Disclosure: Dr. Shatz has received research support from Janssen Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Lemere has nothing to disclose. Dr. Etters has nothing to disclose. Dr. Novikova has nothing to disclose.
Dynamic association of L-selectin with the lymphocyte cytoskeletal matrix

L-selectin mediates lymphocyte extravasation into lymphoid tissues through binding to sialomucin-like receptors on the surface of high endothelial venules (HEV). This study examines the biochemical basis and regulation of interactions between L-selectin, an integral transmembrane protein, and the lymphocyte cytoskeleton. Using a detergent-based extraction procedure, constitutive associations between L-selectin and the insoluble cytoskeletal matrix could not be detected. However, engagement of the L-selectin lectin domain by Abs or by glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule-1, an HEV-derived ligand for L-selectin, rapidly triggered redistribution of L-selectin to the detergent-insoluble cytoskeleton. L-selectin attachment to the cytoskeleton was not prevented by inhibitors of actin/microtubule polymerization (cytochalasin B, colchicine, or nocodozole) or serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase activity (staurosporine, calphostin C, or genistein), although L-selectin-mediated adhesion of human PBL was markedly suppressed by these agents. Exposure of human PBL or murine pre-B transfectants expressing full-length human L-selectin to fever-range hyperthermia also markedly increased L-selectin association with the cytoskeleton, directly correlating with enhanced L-selectin-mediated adhesion. In contrast, a deletion mutant of L-selectin lacking the COOH-terminal 11 amino acids failed to associate with the cytoskeletal matrix in response to Ab cross-linking or hyperthermia stimulation and did not support adhesion to HEV. These studies, when taken together with the previously demonstrated interaction between the L-selectin cytoplasmic domain and the cytoskeletal linker protein alpha-actinin, strongly implicate the actin-based cytoskeleton in dynamically controlling L-selectin adhesion.
Effect of prostaglandin F2α on the luteal phase of the cycle in nonpregnant women

Abstract Eleven healthy nonpregnant female volunteers were treated with prostaglandin F 2α as the THAM salt in aqueous solution administered intravaginally. Human chorionic gonadotropins (HCG) was also administered to 9 of these women prior to or following the prostaglandin therapy to simulate secreting trophoblast. It was considered that luteolysis occurred if serum progestin declined to preovulatory levels, if there was no increase of serum progestin levels following HCG, and if there was shortening of the menstrual cycle by at least three days. Plasma LH, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 20α-dihydroprogesterone, and prostaglandin were measured by radioimmunoassay techniques. When administered early in the luteal phase, PGF 2α did not alter the length of the cycle. When administered in midluteal phase followed by HCG, there was an increase in cycle length and in serum progesterone levels. If no HCG was given, the cycle length was increased after PGF 2α . When administered late in the cycle, the progesterone levels rose, but the cycle length remained unaltered despite HCG. The prostaglandin plasma levels varied significantly among the patients despite a uniform route/dose administration. However, with low plasma levels, there was evidence of increased progesterone production, while with high plasma levels, progesterone output rapidly diminished. The side effect accompanying elevated PGF 2α plasma levels were pronounced.
Abstract 280: Cancer risk in World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate cancer incidence in responders during the first 7 years after 11 September 2001. Methods: Cancers among 20,984 consented participants in the WTC Health Program were identified through linkage to state tumor registries in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. The follow-up lasted until 2008. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to compare cancers diagnosed in responders to predicted numbers for the general population. Multivariate regression models were used to estimate associations with degree of exposure. Results: A total of 575 cancers were diagnosed in 552 individuals. Increases above registry-based expectations were noted for all cancer sites combined (SIR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.25), thyroid cancer (SIR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.70, 3.27), prostate cancer (SIR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.44), combined hematopoietic and lymphoid cancers (SIR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.71), and soft tissue cancers (SIR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.05). When restricted to 302 cancers diagnosed ≥ 6 months after enrollment, the SIR for all cancers decreased to 1.06 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.18), but thyroid and prostate cancer diagnoses remained greater than expected. All cancers combined were increased in very highly exposed responders and among those exposed to significant amounts of dust, compared with responders who reported lower levels of exposure. Conclusion: Estimates should be interpreted with caution given the short follow-up and long latency period for most cancers, the intensive medical surveillance of this cohort, and the small numbers of cancers at specific sites. However, our findings highlight the need for continued follow-up and surveillance of WTC responders. The follow-up of the cohort is currently being updated and efforts are being made to improve the assessment of exposure to carcinogens related to WTC experience. Citation Format: Paolo Boffetta, Samara Solan, Sylvan Wallenstein, Roberto Lucchini, Philip Landrigan. Cancer risk in World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 280. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-280