cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of Selected Strains of Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin) Using AFLP and Microsatellite Markers

Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellite markers were used to examine genetic variation and divergence in 4 selected strains (DBH, NEH, FMF, and CTS) and 1 wild population (DBW) of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin. Eighty-six AFLP markers (from 3 primer pairs) and 5 microsatellite loci were used for the analysis of 30 oysters from each of the 5 populations. Microsatellite loci were considerably more variable than AFLPs. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.560 to 0.640 across populations for microsatellites, and from 0.186 to 0.207 for AFLPs. Both Fst and phiPT of microsatellite data and phiPT statistics of AFLP data revealed significant divergence between all pairs of populations. There was no significant reduction in heterozygosity in all 4 selected strains; however, the number of alleles per locus was considerably lower in the selected strains than in the wild population. Two strains subjected to long-term selection for disease resistance shared frequency shifts at a few loci, which deserve further analysis to determine if they are linked to disease-resistance genes.
Scintillation properties of K2LaBr5:Ce3+ crystals for gamma-ray spectroscopy

ABSTRACT In this paper, we report on the growth of a relatively new scintillator from the crystal K 2 LaX 5 family (X=Cl, Br, I), K 2 LaBr 5 :Ce 3+ , and its scintillation properties for -ray spectroscopy. The material was synthesized by reacting stoichiometric amounts of LaBr 3 and KBr. Prior to synthesis, the material was heated under dynamic vacuum to remove water molecule from the starting material. The synthesized material was then mixed with 10 mol % CeBr 3 , subsequently sealed in an ev acuated quartz ampule. The crystals were grow n by vertical Bridgman growth technique. An energy resolution of ~ 5% (FWHM) for the 662 KeV gamma ray was obtained with an encapsulated K 2 LaBr 5 :Ce 3+ scintillator. The light yield non-proportionality achieved versus the energy range of 31 KeV to 1333 KeV was about 3%. Keywords: potassium lanthanum bromide, cerium activated scintillator, crystal growth 1. INTRODUCTION In search for novel efficient scintillators, the compounds belonging to the binaries KX and LaX
High pressure resistivity results on mixed valent systems in which magnetic order is important

We discuss high pressure resistivity results on mixed valent cerium and europium systems in which magnetic order plays an important role. In the CeMn2Si2-based systems the magnetic order is due to the manganese sublattice, and the cerium mixed valent/heavy fermion effects persist at least in the antiferromagnetically ordered phase of these systems. In the EuO system, the europium ferromagnetic order is dramatically enhanced precursive to a high pressure hybridization-gap-mixed-valent phase.
Family Centered Child Care: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?

The emerging idea of family centered child care as a distinct program model is considered in this paper. An historical overview of the family as a child care component of quality is discussed along with past efforts in parent education and involvement. A conceptual framework for family centered child care is outlined with implications for policy.
The effects of bisantrene on human platelets.

Bisantrene, (9,10-anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis [(4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2yl)hydrazone] dihydrochloride) is one of a series of anthracene dicarboxaldehyde compounds in Phase II trials. Preliminary studies suggested that bisantrene has anti-platelet activity. Therefore, in vitro studies of its effects on platelets were undertaken. Bisantrene in clinically attainable concentrations of 0.625 – 10 μM, caused a 95 ± 1% decrease in maximal platelet aggregation to collagen (1 μg/ml), and epinephrine (5–40 μM) and 90 ± 10% inhibition of arachidonic acid (50 μg/ml) induced aggregation. Collagen induced platelet shape change was not affected. Aggregation to calcium ionophore A23187 was inhibited by 10–30%. No effect on ADP induced aggregation was seen at clinically relevant bisantrene concentrations. This inhibition was time dependent, reaching a maximum when platelets were preincubated with bisantrene for 10 minutes before exposure to agonist. Inhibition persisted after bisantrene was removed by washing. To determine the mechanism of platelet inhibition, platelet prostaglandin metabolism, oxygen consumption and release reaction were measured. In the presence of drug: 1. normal cyclooxygenase activity was demonstrated by O2 consumption studies and normal secondary wave ADP (3.2 μM) aggregation; 2. lipoxygenase activity, by O2 consumption was also normal. 3. There was 30–50% inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis induced by arachidonic acid or collagen; 4. ADP, collagen and AA induced release of serotonin was decreased by 30–60% but was never abolished; 5. No effect on basal platelet cAMP levels nor additive effect on PGE1 induced elevation of platelet cAMP was detectable. These data demonstrate that bisantrene has potent antiplatelet activity probably mediated by several different mechanisms. The inhibition may have important clinical and theoretical consequences.
Ossicular Chain Reconstruction Using Titanium versus Hydroxyapatite Implants

Objectives. Compare the efficacy of total and partial ossicular chain reconstruction using hydroxyapatite (HA) implants versus titanium (Ti) implants.Design. Case series with chart review.Setting. ...
Comparison of accessing techniques with priority

Abstract As the information rate of LANs and MANs increases, they are required to carry a wide range of traffic types, voice, data, video. A device for accommodating different classes of traffic, each with different performance requirements, is a priority mechanism. Traffic with more stringent delay-throughput requirements is given higher priority. In this paper, the performance of three media accessing techniques which allow priorities to be granted are compared to one another. Since they are the most common accessing techniques, both CSMA/CD and token passing have been studied. Three different implementations of CSMA/CD are considered. Under token passing three service disciplines are considered: exhaustive, gated and limited service. These techniques would be commonly applicable to bus systems. For purposes of explanation, it is assumed that there are only two priority classes, although the techniques can accommodate as many as is necessary in a particular application. The results demonstrate the range of techniques that are available to the designer to adjust levels of priority. For example, it is shown that in token passing, the limited service discipline shows lower discrimination among the different priority classes. In CSMA/CD there is rapidly increasing discrimination among the priority classes.
HEURISTIC CLASSIFICATION OF OFFICE DOCUMENTS

Document Processing Systems (DPSs) support office workers to manage information. Document classification is a major function of DPSs. By analyzing a document’s layout and conceptual structures, we present in this paper a sample-based approach to document classification. We represent a document’s layout structure by an ordered labeled tree through a procedure known as nested segmentation and represent the document’s conceptual structure by a set of attribute type pairs. The layout similarities between the document to be classified and sample documents are determined by a previously developed approximate tree matching toolkit. The conceptual similarities between the documents are determined by analyzing their contents and by calculating the degree of conceptual closeness. The document type is identified by computing both the layout and conceptual similarities between the document to be classified and the samples in the document sample base. Some experimental results are presented, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
The Effect of Oxygen Crossover on the Anode of a Li–O2 Battery using an Ether‐Based Solvent: Insights from Experimental and Computational Studies

Crosstown traffic: Further development of Li-O(2) batteries may eventually lead to their use in transportation applications. One problem that needs to be addressed is electrolyte decomposition, which has been partially mitigated by using ether- rather than carbonate-based solvents. The influence of oxygen crossover from the cathode to the anode on electrolyte, and lithium anode, decomposition in ether-based Li-O(2) batteries is investigated.
Illnesses Associated with Extreme Elevation of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Children

The laboratory and hospital records were reviewed for the 156 children seen at Milwaukee Children's Hospital over a thirty-one month period with erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) greater than or equal to 100 mm/hr. Fifty-five per cent of the children had an underlying infectious disease, 25 per cent had a collagen or renal disease, 13 per cent had neoplasms, and 6 per cent had miscellaneous disease processes. Patients with infectious diseases and high ESRs were significantly younger, significantly more febrile, and had higher leukocyte and absolute band counts than did patients in the other groups. Patients with malignancy had significantly lower hemoglobin levels, leukocyite and absolute PMN counts. Some patients did die during the 30-month study period but not during the particular hospitalization in which the ESR was obtained.
Linguistically Mediated Visual Search

During an individual's normal interaction with the environment and other humans, visual and linguistic signals often coincide and can be integrated very quickly. This has been clearly demonstrated in recent eye tracking studies showing that visual perception constrains on-line comprehension of spoken language. In a modified visual search task, we found the inverse, that real-time language comprehension can also constrain visual perception. In standard visual search tasks, the number of distractors in the display strongly affects search time for a target defined by a conjunction of features, but not for a target defined by a single feature. However we found that when a conjunction target was identified by a spoken instruction presented concurrently with the visual display, the incremental processing of spoken language allowed the search process to proceed in a manner considerably less affected by the number of distractors. These results suggest that perceptual systems specializedfor language and for vision interact more fluidly than previously thought.
Glimepiride: Role of a New Sulfonylurea in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

OBJECTIVE:To review the clinical pharmacology data regarding the sulfonylurea glimepiride, and to summarize the clinical trials of glimepiride efficacy and safety alone and in combination with insulin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE database search (English language, January 1985–April 1997) was performed to identify relevant published articles, including reviews and abstracts; the manufacturer (Hoechst Marion Roussel, Kansas City, MO) provided unpublished data.STUDY SELECTION:Pharmacology information was taken from representative original research articles. Eight clinical studies were selected for analysis on the basis of large enrollment, appropriate study design, and publication of results.DATA EXTRACTION:All clinical trials, published and unpublished, were reviewed.DATA SYNTHESIS:Glimepiride is a sulfonylurea that is pharmacologically distinct from other sulfonylureas because of differences in receptor-binding properties and potentially selective effects on ATP-sen...
Mitochondria: gateway for cytoprotection.

Tissues with high-energy turnover, such as heart muscle, heavily depend on ATP produced by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and therefore display particular vulnerability to insults induced by deprivation of oxygen and/or metabolic substrates.1,2 Along with oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria are central in regulating Ca2+ signaling, free radical production, and release of apoptosis-inducing factors.3–7 Through dynamic feedback communication, mitochondrial functions are tightly integrated with cellular processes securing ionic and energetic homeostasis.2,8 In particular, phosphotransfer relays have emerged as mechanisms responsible for efficient coupling of mitochondrial ATP production with cellular sites of ATP utilization and/or ATP sensing.9–12 In this way, mitochondria can orchestrate vital processes throughout the cell, ultimately supporting cellular life and determining cell longevity.4,6,13 In fact, mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts cellular energy metabolism precipitating progression of degenerative disease states.13,14 Thus, preservation of mitochondria and associated energetic pathways has paramount significance in the ability of cardiomyocytes to withstand metabolic injury. Yet, little is known about mechanisms that would enhance mitochondrial tolerance to stress and induce cellular protection. Recently, it has become apparent that mitochondria harbor sufficient functional plasticity to respond to metabolic challenge.15 By virtue of their ability to generate and accommodate stress-induced signals, mitochondria could serve as triggers and/or end-effectors in the cycle of events protecting mitochondrial integrity, transfer, and utilization of ATP and ultimately cell survival.2,7,13–17 Such new developments in our understanding of mitochondrial biology provide an exciting opportunity in enhancing cellular tolerance to stress by exploiting …
How many IRT parameters does it take to model psychopathology items

The authors compared the fit of the 2- and 3-parameter logistic models (2PLM; 3PLM) on 15 unidimensional factor scales derived from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory--Adolescent item pool. Log-likelihood chi-square deviance tests indicated that a 3PLM provided an improved fit. However, residual statistics indicated that the difference in fit between the 2 models was negligible. An unexpected finding was that from 10% to 30% of the items had substantial lower asymptote parameters (c > or = .10) when the scales were scored in the pathology or nonpathology directions. The authors argue that the large lower asymptote parameters are attributable to item-content ambiguity possibly caused by item-level multidimensionality. These findings suggest that the direction of scoring can critically affect an item response theory analysis.
Dispersion-compensated 333-km 10-Gb/s transmission using mid-span spectral inversion in an injection-locked InGaAsP V-groove laser

We have demonstrated a 1.5-/spl mu/m, 333-km, 10-Gb/s transmission system in conventional 1.3-/spl mu/m zero-dispersion-wavelength single-mode fiber, using mid-span spectral inversion In a multi-mode semiconductor laser. The inverted spectrum was generated via cavity-enhanced highly-nondegenerate four-wave mixing, for which the resonant gain in the injection-locked V-groove laser yields higher conversion efficiencies relative to those of travelling-wave amplifiers. The bit-rate/spl times/distance product of 3330 Gb-km/s is more than an order of magnitude better than the best previous result employing a semiconductor conjugator. >
Economic Dualism and Employment Stability

Summary Factor analysis of the three-digit census industry characteristics data for mining, construction, manufacturing, and communication, transportation, and public utilities reveals a sharp core-periphery dichotomy in industrial structure. Regression analysis of four different measures of employment stability over four different time periods supports the contention that the circumstances of employment in core industries foster employment stability. These results are quite robust, holding for various different measures of employment stability and phases of the business cycle. They constitute strong evidence of the existence of industrial dualism and of its importance for theories of labor turnover and unemployment and for policies aimed at promoting employment stability.
Aspergillus ficuum Extracellular Phytase Immobilization on Glutaraldehyde-activated Silicate

Technique d'immobilisation de l'enzyme 3-phytase de Aspergillus ficuum, et construction d'un bioreacteur a lit de garnissage. Caracteristisation des cinetiques de l'enzyme immobilisee
Echocardiographic Examination of the Aortic Arch: Anomalies Presenting in the Neonatal Period

Congenital anomalies of the aortic arch that present in the first 30 days of life include clinically significant lesions such as coarctation of the aorta and interruption of the aortic arch. Other anomalies of aortic arch position may present as part of a larger congenital complex. Knowledge of the embryology and anatomy of these structures is essential to the understanding of this class of defects. A systematic and careful two-dimensional echocardiographic examination of the arch structures from suprasternal and high parasternal views should reveal the anatomy. A careful Doppler examination using pulsed- and continuous-wave Doppler, as well as color flow imaging, is used to delineate the presence and severity of obstructive lesions. This review discusses the anatomy and echocardiographic techniques that may be used to demonstrate this group of lesions. Noninvasive echocardiographic examination of the aortic arch complex in the neonate should be sufficient to make the diagnosis of most aortic arch anomalies. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 8, July 1991)
Ultrasonic Doppler vibrometry: novel method for detection of left ventricular wall vibrations caused by poststenotic coronary flow.

Background: A diastolic coronary flow murmur has been reported for patients with coronary stenoses, yet is rarely appreciated during routine auscultation. We hypothesized that an ultrasonic Doppler method can detect the epicardial vibrations associated with this murmur. Ultrasonic Doppler vibrometry is a pulsed wave echocardiography phase demodulation technique designed for detecting vibrations. We correlated the vibration characteristics measured using vibrometry with the angiographic severity of coronary artery stenosis. Methods: In a prospective pilot study, 49 patients were recruited for an ultrasound examination before coronary arteriography. An ultrasound instrument was customized to acquire the raw pulsed wave Doppler echocardiographic data from a range gate placed on the left ventricular myocardium near the path of the epicardial coronary arteries. Results: Patients with angiographically minor stenosis (tightest stenosis 50%, N 24) (P 70%) (R 2 0.21, P < .0002). Conclusions: Preliminary evidence indicates that diastolic left ventricular wall vibrations measured using ultrasonic Doppler vibrometry are related to the severity of coronary artery stenoses. With further refinement and validation, this noninvasive and low-cost method could lead to an early screening and monitoring test for coronary artery stenosis. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2007;20:1386-1392.)
Embodied Eloquence, the Sumner Assault, and the Transatlantic Cable

Hanlon's essay depicts South Carolina Congressman Preston Brooks's 1856 assault on Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner as a flashpoint for 1850s controversies over the laying of transatlantic telegraphic cable between the United States and England. Widely treated by both Northern and Southern commentators as a form of political discourse, Brooks's caning of Sumner also reverberated with a broad set of concerns over telegraphic communication. Many noted that the cane with which Brooks assaulted Sumner was constructed of gutta-percha, the substance that was used to insulate the transatlantic cable and that served, over the course of the decade, as a metonym for advanced telecommunications technology. In Congress, Brooks's assault was depicted by Senator Andrew Butler as a rejoinder to Sumner's speech as an improper-because prepublished and internationally distributed-abolitionist diatribe. The Brooks-Sumner affair, in which a Southern legislator smote his abolitionist colleague using a fragment of the era's most salient symbol for global peace and goodwill, called forth a set of anxieties concerning the telegraphic disembodiment of the voice, the unchecked proliferation of speculation and rumor, and the globalization of the American cotton trade.
Substitutions- und Oxydationsreaktionen des N-Dichlorphosphanyl-triphenylphosphazens, Ph3P=N-PCl2

Die Titelverbindung (1) reagiert mit den protischen Nucleophilen MeOH, EtOH, PhOH, EtSH und Wasser zu Phosphanyl- bzw. Phosphinoylphosphazenen, Ph3PNPX2 (X OPh (8), SEt (9)) bzw. Ph3PNPH(O)X (X Cl(3), OH(4), OMe(5), OEt(7)). Die Reaktion von 1 mit P(NEt2)3 ergibt Ph3PNP(NEt2)2 (10) und durch Chlor-Fluor-Austausch werden Ph3PNPF2 (11) und Ph3PNPH(O)F (12) erhalten. Die N-Phosphanylverbindungen 1, 8, 9 und 11 werden durch NO2 zu den entsprechenden N-Phosphorylderivaten Ph3PNP(O)X2 (X Cl(2), OPh(13), SEt (14), F(15)) und die Verbindungen 1, 8 und 11 durch Schwefel zu Thiophosphorylverbindungen (Ph3PNP(S)X2(X Cl(16), OPh(17), F(18)) oxydiert. Replacement and Oxidation Reactions of N-Dichlorophosphanyl Triphenylphosphazene, Ph3PNPCl2 The title compound (1) reacts with MeOH, EtOH, PhOH, EtSH, and water forming N-phosphanyl or N-phosphinoyl phosphazenes, resp., Ph3PNPX2 (X OPh(8), SEt(9)) or Ph3PNPH(O)X (X Cl(3), OH(4), OMe(5), OEt(7)). The reaction of 1 with P(NEt2)3 yields Ph3PNP(NEt2)2 (10). Ph3PNPF2(11) and Ph3PNPH(O)F (12) are obtained by chlorine-fluorine exchange. The N-phosphanyl compounds 1, 8, 9 and 11 are oxidized by NO2 yielding the corresponding N-phosphoryl derivatives, Ph3PNP(O)X2 (X Cl(2), OPh(13), SEt (14), F(15)). The thiophosphoryl compounds, (Ph3PNP(S)X2 (X Cl(16), OPh(17), F(18)) are obtained by oxidizing 1, 8, and 11 with sulfur.
Energy policy and social development: notes on Trinidad-Tobago and Venezuela

Abstract Trinidad-Tobago and Venezuela both show lop-sided development with high wages existing alongside high unemployment. The authors propose the promotion of these countries as ‘energy havens’ as a modest solution to this problem. The aim would be to attract industries more labour intensive than the petroleum industry — which dominates their economies at present — by offering cheap energy supplies.
Loss of anteroposterior intralobar attenuation gradient of the lung: Correlation with pulmonary function.

Rationale and Objectives Since the initial description of an intralobar attenuation gradient by Webb et al, it has been suggested that departure from the intralobar attenuation gradient could indicate early lung diseases. However, its significance has not been determined in detail. We aimed to quantify the anteroposterior intralobar attenuation gradient on volumetric end-inspiratory and end-expiratory high-resolution computed tomography (CT) in patients with emphysema and to correlate the gradient values with pulmonary function. Materials and Methods The study population consisted of 21 consecutive patients with emphysema evaluated with volumetric expiratory high-resolution CT and 6 patients with normal high-resolution CT findings. The anteroposterior intralobar attenuation gradient values were quantified on end-inspiratory and end-expiratory sagittal reformations using a lung analysis software program and were correlated with pulmonary function tests results. Results The intralobar attenuation gradient values in patients with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) ≤70% were significantly smaller compared with those in patients with FEV 1 >70% in bilateral lower lobes at end-expiration ( P = .0061, P = .047, respectively, unpaired t -test). The FEV 1 values in patients with attenuation gradient values ≤0.02 were significantly lower than in those with attenuation gradient values >0.02 (right lower lobe: P = .024; left lower lobe: P = .0034; chi-squared test). The intralobar attenuation gradient values in bilateral lower lobes at end-expiration were significantly correlated with FEV 1 and FEV 1 /forced vital capacity (right: P = .031, P = .039, respectively; left: P = .036, P = .030, respectively, Pearson correlation). Conclusions The quantitative measurement of the anteroposterior intralobar attenuation gradient values of the lung showed that these gradients at end-expiration in both lower lobes correlate with obstructive physiology.
Fast pattern-based throughput prediction for TCP bulk transfers

The ability to quickly predict the throughput of a TCP transfer between a client and a server, or between peers, has wide application in scientific computing and commercial computing. This paper presents a new approach to fast prediction of overall throughput of a large TCP file transfer. The method constructs the time series of windows of segments arriving at the receiver, and predicts future throughput by exploiting knowledge of how TCP manages transfer window size. When the file transfer time series resembles a known TCP pattern, this information is utilized for prediction, otherwise simple heuristics are used. We have compared TCP pattern based prediction against traditional methods like a simple moving average, exponential weighted moving average, and aggregate measured throughput on a large suite of real life TCP traces. Our results show that TCP pattern based prediction generally performs as well or better than the best of other methods in any given scenario.
Surgery of Metastatic Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma in Five Dogs

Objective— To identify survival and morbidity information after surgery for metastases from apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinomas (AGACA). Study Design— Retrospective study. Animals— Five dogs with AGACA. Methods— Medical records of dogs that had surgery for treatment of metastatic AGACA between 1993 and 2003 were reviewed. Criteria for inclusion required that dogs had lymphadenectomy, with or without further debulking, as part of their treatment for metastatic AGACA and that the tissue was histologically confirmed as consistent with the primary AGACA. Signalment, history, physical examination findings, clinicopathologic data, imaging findings, surgical complications, number of surgeries, survival times, and cause of death were recorded. All dogs had a complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, serum electrolytes, 3-projection thoracic radiographs, abdominal radiographs and/or abdominal ultrasonography, and histologic confirmation of metastatic AGACA invading the regional lymph nodes and caudal abdomen. Results— No surgical complications occurred. Three dogs were euthanatized; median survival, 20.6 months. One dog was alive for 19 months postoperatively. One dog had 5 sequential surgical procedures: 1 iliac lymphadenectomy and 4 debulking procedures of metastatic neoplastic tissue around and dorsal to the iliac vessels extending into the pelvic cavity, and was alive 54 months after initial surgery. Conclusion— Dogs with anal sac adenocarcinoma metastases to the iliac lymph nodes can experience long-term survival after surgical excision of the metastatic lesion. Clinical Relevance— Lymphadenectomy may afford long-term survival to patients with metastatic anal sac adenocarcinoma.
Digital adaptive phase noise reduction in coherent optical links

Coherent optical links enable high-density constellations and, consequently, a higher throughput. However, the phase noise associated with the transmitter and the receiver lasers is a challenging issue in coherent lightwave systems. The authors present an approach that relies on using digital signal processing techniques to compensate for the laser phase-noise effects. The proposed approach exploits the digital processing power to address the problems arising from optical imperfections. The authors present an adaptive filtering scheme that reduces the effect of the laser phase noise and, consequently, relaxes the laser linewidth requirement. The proposed approach shows how the signal processing techniques can be exploited to compensate for the optical impairments by utilizing the continuing scale down in size and power in very large scale integration (VLSI) technology
Neighborhood Factors During Adolescence: Modest Effects On Cardiovascular Risk, Small Impact On Obesity And Depression

Researchers increasingly recognize the importance of neighborhoods as a potential cause of noncommunicable disease, although the long-term impacts of early neighborhood exposures are not well under...
Crossability ofSolanum tuberosum haploids with diploidSolanum species

1. Twenty-four tuber-bearing diploid (2n 24)Solanum species, embracing 5 taxonomic series, were hybridized with haploids (2n 24) of the common potato. 2. Crossability of the haploids appears to be similar to the crossability of the cultivated diploid species. 3. Most of the haploid-diploid species hybrids were vigorous plants.
Structure and property of Cu-16.9%Fe semi-solid solidification with high magnetic field

The influence of high magnetic field on structure and property of Cu-16.9%Fe by semi-solid solidification was investigated. The results under high magnetic field showed that the crystal lattices of Cu were distorted. Moreover, the morphology of Fe-rich phases became more irregular and finer. The directions of Fe-rich phases were trended to be elongated along the magnetic field. The conductivity of Cu-16.9%Fe were increased. The analysis showed it was owing to the solubility decreasing of Fe in Cu, which decreased the impurity scattering resistivity.
An Exemplar-Retrieval Model of Short-term Memory Search: Linking Categorization and Probe Recognition

Abstract Exemplar-retrieval models such as the exemplar-based random walk (EBRW) model have provided good accounts of response time (RT) and choice-probability data in a wide variety of categorization paradigms. In this chapter, I review recent work showing that the model also accounts accurately for RT and choice-probability data in a wide variety of probe-recognition, short-term, memory-search paradigms. According to the model, observers store items from study lists as individual exemplars in memory. When a test probe is presented, it causes the exemplars to be retrieved. The exemplars that are most readily retrieved are those that are highly similar to the test probe and that have the greatest memory strengths. The retrieved exemplars drive a familiarity-based evidence-accumulation process that determines the speed and accuracy of old–new recognition decisions. The model accounts for effects of memory-set size, old-new status of test probe, and study-test lag; effects of the detailed similarity structure of the memory set; and the role of the history of previously experienced memory sets on performance. Applications of the model reveal a quantitative law of how memory strength varies with the retention interval. In addition, the model provides a unified account of how probe recognition operates in cases involving short and long study lists. Furthermore it provides an account of the classic distinction between controlled versus automatic processing depending on the types of memory-search practice in which observers engage. In short the model brings together and extends prior research and theory on categorization, attention and automaticity, short- and long-term memory, and evidence-accumulation models of choice RT to move the field closer to a unified account of diverse forms of memory search.
Homodimer and heterodimer subunits of human prostate acid phosphatase.

Human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) isoenzymes, designated PAP-A and PAP-B, were isolated from human seminal plasma by sequential affinity chromatography on concanavalin A and L(+)-tartrate, a classic inhibitor of PAP. Both the major PAP-A and the minor PAP-B isoenzymes exhibited a similar molecular mass (100 and 105 kDa respectively), multiple pI values (5.05-5.35 and 5.05-5.12), and substrate and inhibitor specificity. Immunological characterization revealed that PAP-B possesses distinct antigenic determinants, in addition to the common sites shared with PAP-A. SDS/PAGE indicated that both isoenzymes are composed of two subunits of 50 kDa each. At high salt concentration, PAP-B dissociated completely into single subunits of 50 kDa, whereas PAP-A remained intact at 100 kDa. PAP-B was resolved by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. into three components, designated alpha, beta and gamma, each of 50 kDa, at a molar ratio of approx. 2:1:1. PAP-A contained a single component of molecular mass 50 kDa. The single component of PAP-A and the alpha component of PAP-B possessed identical amino acid compositions and N-terminal sequences, which were different from those of the beta and gamma components. These results indicate that human PAP contains three isoforms, alpha 2, alpha beta and alpha gamma. PAP-A, the major isoenzyme, is a homodimer consisting of two identical subunits (alpha 2), and PAP-B, the minor isoenzyme, is a mixture of two heterodimers, consisting of non-identical subunits (alpha beta and alpha gamma).
Efficient coupling between Gaussian cavity mode and metal nanoaperture

Using semi-analytical approach, we demonstrate efficient coupling of light from a metal nanoaperture surrounded by periodic corrugations to the fundamental Gaussian mode of a macroscopic cavity.
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu disease, was the subject of an NIH workshop, organized by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, on July 10-11, 1997.
578. microRNA Inhibition Through Gapmer Activated RNase H-Mediated Degradation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (20-24 nucleotide) non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miRNAs induce gene silencing through a conserved pathway requiring a complementary base pairing interaction between the miRNA and its target mRNA. This mode of post-transcriptional gene regulation is essential for processes such as cellular differentiation, development and metabolism. While the number of identified human miRNAs is greater than 1000, the function of most of these has yet to be characterized. A common method to assign function to a particular miRNA is to block its activity with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). These molecules contain nucleic acid modifications that in addition to enhancing their stability allow for increased affinity and specificity against their corresponding miRNA. The traditional and most commonly used inhibitory miRNA ASOs are 16-30 base pairs long, contain a phosphorothioate backbone and locked nucleic acids (LNAs) interspersed throughout the sequence to block RNase H-mediated cleavage. In this case, the LNA inhibits miRNA function by interfering with recognition of the target mRNA. Conversely, gapmer ASOs trigger degradation of the miRNA-ASO duplex by RNase H due to a longer stretch of DNA bases flanked by several LNAs on both ends. In recent studies, we compared miRNA inhibition through the use of different ASOs that function by either sequestration (mixmer ASOs) or degradation (gapmer-mediated RNase-H cleavage) while maintaining the identical sequence. Using these two types of iso-sequential ASOs we measured the dose response in cultured cells. We quantified the reduction in the miRNA using two independent methods— (1) directly by northern blot and (2) indirectly by monitoring the level of targeted mRNA. Surprisingly, our preliminary data shows that miRNA repression occurs at a lower IC50 with the gapmers compared to mixmers. We are currently investigating if the observed differences in ASO-mediated miRNA inhibition occur by differential activity against the mature miRNA species or miRNA processing and whether differential on- and off-targeting rates are associated with each. These results will have important implications for designing the most effective ASO strategies for inhibiting miRNAs for biologic discovery and therapeutics.
Barriers to the diagnosis of depression in primary care

Approximately 50% of people treated for depression receive treatment in primary care settings. However, studies have demonstrated that specific factors interfere with recognition of this disorder in the primary care setting and decrease the likelihood of an accurate diagnosis. Variables that relate to the patient include lack of awareness and understanding of the nature of the disease and its symptoms so that they can be accurately reported to the physician. Variability in clinical presentation and the presence of comorbid medical disorders also make detection difficult. Complaints of physical symptoms confuse the clinical picture. In addition, patients are ashamed to admit to psychological symptoms of depression and fear the stigma attached to it. Interfering factors that relate to the physician include a lack of knowledge about the disease and lack of training in its management that reduce the physician's ability to render a diagnosis and undermine confidence in the capacity to treat the illness successfully. Reluctance on the part of the physician to inquire frankly about depression also plays a role. Barriers that stem from the system include financing of care under capitated systems, other reimbursement issues, time available to care for patients, and continuity of the physician/patient relationship. A variety of tools are available to assist primary care physicians in the recognition and accurate diagnosis of depression. Use of these tools would increase the recognition and effective management of depression.
Signal Transduction in Ischemic Preconditioning

Signaling In Preconditioning. Ischemic preconditioning is a phenomenon whereby exposure of the myocardium to a brief episode of ischemia and reperfusion markedly reduces tissue necrosis induced by a subsequent prolonged ischemia. Therefore, it is hoped that elucidation of the mechanism of preconditioning will yield therapeutic strategies capable of reducing myocardial infarction. In the rabbit, the brief period of preconditioning ischemia and reperfusion releases adenosine, bradykinin, opioids, and oxygen radicals that summate to induce the translocation and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC appears to be the first element of a complex kinase cascade that is activated during the prolonged ischemia in preconditioned hearts. Current evidence indicates that PKC activates a tyrosine kinase that leads to the activation ofp38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase or JNK, or possibly both. The stimulation of these stress-activated protein kinases ultimately induces the opening of mitochondrial KATP channels that may be the final mediator of protection by ischemic preconditioning.
Discussion of “Emmy Grant: Immigration as Repetition of Trauma and as Potential Space”: Commentary on Paper by Veronica Csillag

This commentary is a response to Veronica Csillag’s exploration of the influence of historical and transgenerational trauma on the lives of immigrants, and on the psychoanalytic process (this issue...
Communicating the Importance of Music in Early Childhood

In this column, I encourage early childhood professionals to clearly and intentionally communicate the importance of music in their programs to parents, administrators, and other stakeholders. I su...
Molecular-level insight of gas transport in composite poly (4-methyl-2-pentyne) and nanoparticles of titanium dioxide

Abstract Composites are employed to treat gas mixtures and brilliant performance is observed, but few researchers have performed in-depth exploration of both bulk and interface behavior of penetrants in composites or given equations to correlate cavity size distribution, chain oscillation flexibility and transport properties. In the work, molecular dynamics (MD) method was employed to study the bulk and interface behavior of gas molecules in composite poly (4-methyl-2-pentyne) (PMP) and TiO2 nanoparticles (PMPT). The amplitude of the chain oscillation and the cavity size distribution of PMPT and PMP were determined. Simulation results show that in PMPT penetrants have shorter residence time and jump length, than they do in PMP. Penetrants have higher diffusivity in PMPT than they do in PMP, because of higher amplitudes of chain oscillation and accessible cavity fraction for penetrans. In both PMPT and PMP, n-butane has larger permeability than methane, though the selectivity of n-butane over methane in PMPT is higher than that in PMP. Nonequilibrium MD simulation was performed to explore the interface property and gas molecules behavior in the interface region. The equations to predict diffusivity and permeability according to accessible cavity fraction and average amplitude of chain oscillation were developed successfully.
Backscattering enhancement due to weakly damped, leaky, guided waves on cylinders and associated images

In this work, distinct but related targets were studied using a circular synthetic aperture sonar system. Backscattering data from a solid brass cylinder were recorded. The response of the target was significantly spread out in time because leaky guided waves were weakly radiation damped. They gave significant backscattering contributions for a range of tilt angles. The associated meridional and helical wave contributions are also obvious in the frequency domain. (For comparison helical contributions are relatively weak for aluminum cylinders.) The second target is a bi-metallic cylinder made of a 1:1 brass cylinder bonded to a 3:1 aluminum cylinder. For a single-material cylinder, only 90 degrees of data are necessary due to symmetry. This target breaks that symmetry and requires a full 180 degrees of rotation. The distinction between the brass and aluminum ends is discernible in both the time and frequency domain. The join between the two metals affects the timing of certain guided waves that no longer travel the whole length of the compound cylinder. Image reconstruction was performed using Fourier based algorithms for both targets. The location of the compound cylinder joint is deducible from the location of features in the image domain. [Research supported by ONR.]In this work, distinct but related targets were studied using a circular synthetic aperture sonar system. Backscattering data from a solid brass cylinder were recorded. The response of the target was significantly spread out in time because leaky guided waves were weakly radiation damped. They gave significant backscattering contributions for a range of tilt angles. The associated meridional and helical wave contributions are also obvious in the frequency domain. (For comparison helical contributions are relatively weak for aluminum cylinders.) The second target is a bi-metallic cylinder made of a 1:1 brass cylinder bonded to a 3:1 aluminum cylinder. For a single-material cylinder, only 90 degrees of data are necessary due to symmetry. This target breaks that symmetry and requires a full 180 degrees of rotation. The distinction between the brass and aluminum ends is discernible in both the time and frequency domain. The join between the two metals affects the timing of certain guided waves that no longer ...
Extensions of Stable Population Theory

The developments and results of the previous chapters can be summarized by the following statement: Given a population
Effects of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Function in Short and Long-Term Kidney Function.

Background Pulmonary hypertension is not uncommon in patients with renal disease and vice versa; therefore, it influences treatments and outcomes. There is a large body of literature on pulmonary hypertension in patients with kidney disease, its prognostic implications, economic burden, and management strategies. However, the converse, namely the hemodynamic effects of pulmonary hypertension on kidney function (acute and chronic kidney injury) is less studied and described. There is also increasing interest in the effects of pulmonary hypertension on kidney transplant outcomes. The relationship is a complex phenomenon and multiple body systems and mechanisms are involved in its pathophysiology. Although the definition of pulmonary hypertension has evolved over time with the understanding of multiple interplays between the heart, lungs, kidneys, etc; there is limited evidence to provide a specific treatment strategy when kidneys and lungs are affected at the same time. Nevertheless, available evidence appears to support new therapeutics and highlights the importance of individualized approach. There is sufficient research showing that the morbidity and mortality from PH are driven by the influence of the pulmonary hemodynamic dysfunction on the kidneys. Conclusion This concise review focuses on the effects of pulmonary hypertension on the kidneys, including, the patho-physiological effects of pulmonary hypertension on acute kidney injury, progression of CKD, effects on kidney transplant outcomes, progression of kidney disease in situations such as post LVAD implantation and novel diagnostic indices. We believe a review of this nature will fill in an important gap in understanding the prognostic implication of pulmonary hypertension on renal disease, and help highlight this important component of the cardio-reno-pulmonary axis.
Epoxide ring opening with alcohols using heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysts: Regioselectivity and mechanism

Abstract Lewis acidic catalytic materials are investigated for the regioselective ring opening of epoxides with alcohols. For ring opening epichlorohydrin with methanol, the catalytic activity shows a strong dependence on the type of support and Lewis acidic species used. While Sn-SBA-15 is catalytically active, significantly higher catalytic activity can be achieved with hydrothermally synthesized zeolites of which Sn-Beta is 6 and 7 times more active than Zr-Beta or Hf-Beta, respectively. Sn-Beta is determined to be more active and more regioselective for epoxide ring opening of epichlorohydrin with methanol than Al-Beta. For Sn-Beta, the activation energy for the reaction between epichlorohydrin and methanol is determined to be 53 ± 7 kJ mol−1. For epichlorohydrin, the activation energy barrier and experimentally observed regioselectivity are found using DFT to be consistent with a concerted reaction mechanism involving activation of the epoxide on an alcohol adsorbed on the catalytic site and nucleophilic attack by a second alcohol. The epoxide is shown to impact the regioselectivity and the mechanism since isobutylene oxide is selectively ring opened by methanol to form the terminal alcohol. DFT calculations indicate the mechanism for isobutylene ring opening involves epoxide activation and ring opening on an alcohol adsorbed onto the catalytic site. Finally, catalyst reuse testing indicates that Sn-Beta can be used for multiple reactions with no decrease in activity and limited to no leaching of the tin site, demonstrating Sn-Beta is a promising catalytic material for epoxide ring opening reactions with alcohols.