cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sp1- and Krüppel-like transcription factors

Sp1-like proteins and Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are highly related zinc-finger proteins that are important components of the eukaryotic cellular transcriptional machinery. By regulating the expression of a large number of genes that have GC-rich promoters, Sp1-like/KLF transcription regulators may take part in virtually all facets of cellular function, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and neoplastic transformation. Individual members of the Sp1-like/KLF family can function as activators or repressors depending on which promoter they bind and the coregulators with which they interact. A long-standing research aim has been to define the mechanisms by which Sp1-like factors and KLFs regulate gene expression and cellular function in a cell- and promoter-specific manner. Most members of this family have been identified in mammals, with at least 21 Sp1-like/KLF proteins encoded in the human genome, and members are also found in frogs, worms and flies. Sp1-like/KLF proteins have highly conserved carboxy-terminal zinc-finger domains that function in DNA binding. The amino terminus, containing the transcription activation domain, can vary significantly between family members.
Extensive spinal epidural abscess treated with “apical laminectomies” and irrigation of the epidural space: report of 2 cases

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare but often devastating infection of the epidural space around the spinal cord. When an SEA is widespread, extensive decompression with laminectomy is often impossible, as it may subject the patient to very long operative times, extensive blood loss, and mechanical instability. A technique called “skip laminectomy” has been described in the literature, in which laminectomies are performed at the rostral and caudal ends of an abscess that spans 3–5 levels and a Fogarty catheter is used to mechanically drain the abscess, much like in an embolectomy. In this report of 2 patients, the authors present a modification of this technique, which they call “apical laminectomies” to allow for irrigation and drainage of an extensive SEA spanning the entire length of the vertebral column (C1–2 to L5–S1). Two patients presented with cervico-thoraco-lumbar SEA. Laminectomies were performed at the natural apices of the spine, namely, at the midcervical, midthoracic, and midlumbar spin...
Developmentally regulated expression of a unique small heat shock protein in Brugia malayi.

Abstract A screen of an expression library from the fourth larval stage (L4) of the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi resulted in the identification of a 727 bp full-length cDNA with 29–40% identity to members of the small heat shock family of proteins ( Bm - hsp -s1). The open reading frame encoded a protein of approximately 18 kDA ( Bm -HSP-s1). An alignment of the Bm -HSP-s1 sequence with the sequences of small HSPs from vertebrate and invertebrate species demonstrated that a majority of the identity was concentrated in the central α-crystallin domain. Bm -HSP-s1 was constitutively produced by L4 and adult parasites and at low levels by third-stage larvae (L3), but not by first-stage larvae (microfilariae). In adult parasites, Bm -HSP-s1 was localized to the body wall muscle cells and to the cells of the hypodermis/lateral cord. Bm -HSP-s1 production was induced in adult and L3 incubated at 42°C and in L3s during the developmental transition from vector-stage to vertebrate-stage parasites at 37°C. Neither increased nor decreased temperatures induced Bm -HSP-s1 production in microfilariae. Nitric oxide induced low-level, transient Bm -HSP-s1 synthesis in adults, but not in microfilariae. Bm -HSP-s1 did not function as a molecular chaperone to prevent heat-induced aggregation of a test substrate. The developmentally regulated expression and inducable nature of Bm -HSP-s1 suggests that it may have a stage-restricted role in maintaining parasite homeostasis.
Mass transfer in a horizontal rotating cylinder with applications to the oxygenation of blood

The horizontal rotating cylinder blood oxygenator has been developed to minimize shear, eliminate bubbles, reduce holdup, and provide for rapid change of the controlled temperature of the blood. To aid in the development of this apparatus a detailed mathematical model was formulated. A simplified model was also developed which yielded an analytical expression relating the amount of material transferred between the gas and liquid in the apparatus to operating variables. In developing these models an attempt was made to include a realistic mechanism for oxygen absorption in blood. Preliminary experiments were carried out by absorbing carbon dioxide into distilled water in the horizontal rotating cylinder. These preliminary results were found to be in good agreement with previous theoretical predictions and calculations that indicated that the equipment should be adequate to act as a lung substitute for a dog. When it was employed in this manner during open-heart surgery, insufficient oxygen was transferred to support the dog. It is concluded that the most probable reason for failure of the horizontal cylinder to act satisfactorily as a blood oxygenator is poor mixing in the blood pool.
DEWEY’S EPISTEMOLOGY: AN ARGUMENT FOR WARRANTED ASSERTIONS, KNOWING, AND MEANINGFUL CLASSROOM PRACTICE

Abstract In an effort to navigate the treacherous path between professionalism and social relevancy, this essay takes up an area of professional philosophy — epistemology — with the intention of reclaiming the integrative role John Dewey held for philosophy and classroom practice. Deron Boyles asserts that epistemology can and should represent an area of inquiry that is relevant and useful for philosophy of education, especially as it develops classroom practices that foster inquiry. He specifically seeks to revive Dewey’s conception of warranted assertibility in an effort to show the value of fallibilist epistemology in practical and social teaching and learning contexts. By highlighting the distinctions between traditional epistemology and Dewey’s conception of knowing, Boyles demonstrates that epistemology has value insofar as it highlights a more useful, instrumentalist theory of knowing that is applicable to classroom practice.
Sequence, conservation, and quantitative expression of rainbow trout Myf5.

Abstract The success of rainbow trout as an aquaculture species is dependent on the ability to produce fish with large amounts of high-quality lean muscle. It is therefore important to understand not only the best conditions under which to raise the fish but also the molecular control of muscle growth. Vertebrate muscle growth is initiated by the specification of myogenic precursor cells into myoblasts. The myoblasts proliferate and fuse to form multinucleated myotubes, which mature into myofibers. A family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, the Myogenic Regulatory Factors (MRFs), controls these events. In trout, two MRF-encoding genes, TMyoD (of which there are two) and Tmyogenin , have been identified. However, the primary MRF-encoding Myf5 is not yet sequenced. Here, using degenerate PCR and 5′ and 3′ RACE, the cDNA sequence of trout Myf5 ( TMyf5 ) is identified. Translation of the cDNA reveals that TMyf5 is a bHLH protein with homology to Myf5 and MRFs in other organisms. It is expressed mainly in red and white muscle, suggesting that it shares functional homology to Myf5 in other species. The molecular control of muscle growth has been well-characterized in mammals, but there are differences in the growth of fish muscle, highlighting the need for characterization of MRFs in fish species, particularly those in which understanding muscle growth will have a positive impact on the economic potential of the species.
Heavy-quark bound states in lattice QCD

We present a new technique for analyzing heavy-quark bound states in lattice QCD. The method is based upon a nonrelativistic reformulation of the heavy-quark dynamics that is systematically developed starting from the Dirac theory. It is far superior to traditional relativistic techniques, as we illustrate in a numerical study of the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}$ and $\ensuremath{\psi}$ meson families.
The association of smoking with medical treatment adherence in the workforce of a large employer

Purpose Prior descriptive epidemiology studies have shown that smokers have lower compliance rates with preventive care services and lower chronic medication adherence rates for preventive care services in separate studies. The goal of this study was to perform a more detailed analysis to validate both of these findings for current smokers versus nonsmokers within the benefit-covered population of a large US employer. Patients and methods This study involved the analysis of incurred medical and pharmacy claims for employee and spouse health plan enrollees of a single US-based employer during 2010. Multivariate regression models were used to compare data by active or never-smoker status for preventive care services and medication adherence for chronic conditions. Analysis controlled for demographic variables, chronic condition prevalence, and depression. Results Controlling for demographic variables and comorbid conditions, smokers had significantly lower cancer screening rates, with absolute reductions of 6%-13%. Adherence to chronic medication use for hypertension was also significantly lower among smokers, with nearly 7% fewer smokers having a medication possession ratio of ≥80%. Smokers were less adherent to depression medications (relative risk =0.79) than nonsmokers (P=0.10). While not statistically significant, smokers were consistently less adherent to all other medications than nonsmokers. Conclusion Current smokers are less compliant with recommended preventive care and medication use than nonsmokers, likely contributing to smoking-related employer costs. Awareness of these care gaps among smokers and direct management should be considered as part of a comprehensive population health-management strategy.
Local commitment to state-mandated planning in coastal North Carolina

A consistent finding from recent work on the evaluation of planning outcomes has been that local commitment to planning plays a vital role in explaining those outcomes, especially when planning is promoted as a way to address regional development management concerns. While the importance of local commitment is not surprising, many questions remain, such as what “local commitment” means, what motivates it, and how it operates to affect local planning efforts and outcomes. This article presents results from a study of state-mandated local planning in coastal North Carolina during the mid-1990s, focusing on the factors that appear to motivate local elected officials’ commitment to planning and the influence of their commitment on planning outcomes. Taken altogether, coastal localities generally failed to address coastal resource protection through their local planning beyond complying with minimum state resource protection rules. This was largely because of resistance to the imposition of state-level policie...
Sudden motility reversal indicates sensing of magnetic field gradients in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 strain.

Many motile unicellular organisms have evolved specialized behaviors for detecting and responding to environmental cues such as chemical gradients (chemotaxis) and oxygen gradients (aerotaxis). Magnetotaxis is found in magnetotactic bacteria and it is defined as the passive alignment of these cells to the geomagnetic field along with active swimming. Herein we show that Magnetospirillum magneticum (AMB-1) show a unique set of responses that indicates they sense and respond not only to the direction of magnetic fields by aligning and swimming, but also to changes in the magnetic field or magnetic field gradients. We present data showing that AMB-1 cells exhibit sudden motility reversals when we impose them to local magnetic field gradients. Our system employs permalloy (Ni80Fe20) islands to curve and diverge the magnetic field lines emanating from our custom-designed Helmholtz coils in the vicinity of the islands (creating a drop in the field across the islands). The three distinct movements we have observed as they approach the permalloy islands are: unidirectional, single reverse and double reverse. Our findings indicate that these reverse movements occur in response to magnetic field gradients. In addition, using a permanent magnet we found further evidence that supports this claim. Motile AMB-1 cells swim away from the north and south poles of a permanent magnet when the magnet is positioned less than ∼30 mm from the droplet of cells. All together, these results indicate previously unknown response capabilities arising from the magnetic sensing systems of AMB-1 cells. These responses could enable them to cope with magnetic disturbances that could in turn potentially inhibit their efficient search for nutrients.
Group Contribution Values for the Thermodynamic Functions of Hydration at 298.15 K, 0.1 MPa. 3. Aliphatic Monoethers, Diethers, and Polyethers

A compilation of experimental values of the infinite dilution partial molar Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and heat capacity of hydration, together with partial molar volumes in water at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa is presented for aliphatic monoethers, diethers, and polyethers. These data are treated in the framework of the first- and second-order group additivity methods. However, third- and higher-order effects (i.e., interactions expressed beyond the nearest neighbors) are clearly present in aqueous ethers. The effects can be accounted for by the introduction of a number of corrections. For the second-order group contribution method, numerical values are determined for the following groups: C−(C)2(H)(O)ether, C−(C)3(O)ether, O−(C)2, C−(H)2(O)2, C−(C)(O)2(H), and corrections: a “ethoxyalkane” correction, {CH3−CH2−O−CH2}, and a “diether” correction, {O−(CH2)2−O}. For the first-order group contribution method, in addition to the “ether” O group, a large number of corrections appears to be necessary for accurate repr...
Shock‐Compression Experiments and Reflectivity Measurements in Deuterium up to 3.5 Mbar using the Nova Laser

We report on measurements of the equation of state and optical reflectivity at 1064 nm wavelength of a high pressure shock front propagating through a sample of liquid deuterium. We find that the shock front reflectivity increases from a low value (< 3.5%) to a saturation level of 65% in the pressure range of 0.22 - 0.55 Mbar. The pressure range where this metallization transformation takes place coincides with the pressure range where high compressibilities were observed on the principal Hugoniot.
Use of pump-assisted hemofiltration in children with acute renal failure.

In critically ill children, acute renal failure (ARF) is associated with a high mortality. To assess the outcome and complications of pump-assisted hemofiltration (PAHF) using a standard volumetric pump to regulate blood flow, we retrospectively reviewed our experience in 52 patients with ARF treated with PAHF from 1989 to 1995. These patients ranged in age from <1 month to 19 years and in weight from 2 to 125 kg. The most common underlying diagnoses were congenital heart disease and infection. The duration of PAHF averaged 9±8 days (range 24 h to 43 days). Hemodiafiltration for solute control was required in 40 patients. Total fluid intake while on PAHF was 136±95 ml/kg per day, while urine output and ultrafiltration averaged 15±24 ml/kg per day and 89±58 ml/kg per day, respectively. Management of laboratory abnormalities was efficient with only 4 patients requiring 1 or 2 additional treatments of hemodialysis for control of uremia. Complications included hyponatremia in 13 patients, hypokalemia in 14 patients, hypovolemia in 8 patients, hyperglycemia in 6 patients, and bleeding in 9 patients. No complications specifically related to use of the volumetric infusion pump for PAHF were noted. PAHF using a volumetric infusion pump for blood flow regulation in critically ill children with ARF is a practical and efficient therapy.
Fourier transform of a polygonal shape function and its application in electromagnetics

The shape function s(x, y) of a planar aperture \Sigma is defined ashaving value one inside \Sigma and zero outside. The two-dimensional Fourier transform of s(x, y) when \Sigma is an N -sided polygon is considered, and a closed-form exact solution is presented. Applications of these results are described for 1) the calculation of the secondary pattern of a reflector antenna with a noncircular aperture, and 2) high-frequency transmission through a periodic frequency selective surface.
Volume expansion-induced changes in renal tubular membrane protein phosphorylation

Abstract The influence of volume expansion (VE) on the in vitro phosphorylation of membrane protein in the proximal brush border membrane (BBM) of the thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rat was studied in the presence and absence of cyclic AMP and the results were compared to those obtained in control TPTX and intact animals. The results indicate that the cyclic AMP-independent phosphorylation of a protein band (Mr = 72,000) was stimulated both by VE and by the presence of parathyroid hormone in the circulation, whereas the cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of membrane proteins (Mr = 40,000, 52,000 and 87,000) was inhibited by the same maneuvers. These findings, taken together with data previously available, which demonstrate inhibition of BBM phosphate transport following VE, may provide a link between alterations in phosphate transport in renal BBM vesicles and the phosphorylation of membrane proteins. The results further suggest that membrane protein phosphorylation may be a common mechanism by which a number of agents and maneuvers induce an inhibition of renal tubular phosphate transport.
Human monoclonal antibody SK1-mediated cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells

PURPOSE: Human monoclonal antibody (HuMAb) SK1, a human monoclonal IgM, has previously been shown to react selectively with a wide range of human carcinomas. In this study, the complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) mediated by the HuMAb SK1 was investigated. METHODS: The presence of AgSK1 on the two studied cell lines, HT29 and PANC-1, was evaluated by the immunocytochemical staining. The intracellular and surface locations of the targeting antigen of HuMAb SK1 were further characterized by the study of flow cytometry. The specific lysis of target cells by the HuMAb SK1 in the CDC assay was studied. RESULTS: In the presence of human complement, the HuMAb SK1 was shown to be effective in the lysis of cultured human gastrointestinal cancer cells as well as the fresh colon cancer cells derived from the patient's specimens. In addition, our data suggested that HuMAb SK1 activated the mouse complement in a similar magnitude. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that HuMAb SK1 showed some promise for future clinical trials. Thein vitroCDC effect of HuMAb SK1 with mouse complement suggested that the antitumor effect of HuMAb SK1 might be successfully studied in the nude mouse model bearing xenografts of human colon cancer as a part of the preclinical evaluation.
A new measurement of the ω(784) width

Abstract A measurement of the ω(784) decay width has been performed using a neutron counter missing mass spectrometer. A value of Γω = (7.7 ± 1.0) MeV is obtained. The quoted error does not include systematic errors.
The president's commission: The need to be more philosophical

This paper argues, contrary to what has sometimes been claimed, that public commissions need to be more philosophical than they have been in analyzing crucial bioethical issues. It argues (a) that the failure of the President's Commission to develop and use even simple distinctions between life and personhood led to flaws in both its discussion of death and its discussion of persistent vegetative patients, and (b) that its treatment of access to health care fails to develop a coherent approach precisely because it is based on no serious philosophical reflections about justice in health care.
Wouldn't have happened to a Limey.

![Figure][1] An elderly recluse gentleman was brought to the medical clinic for an assessment. He had pallor, a smooth tongue, a palpable spleen, and petechiae adjacent to hair follicles (left panel). Laboratory work showed a moderate macrocytic anemia and leukopenia and minimal
Left Posterior Parietal Cortex Participates in Both Task Preparation and Episodic Retrieval

Optimal memory retrieval depends not only on the fidelity of stored information, but also on the attentional state of the subject. Factors such as mental preparedness to engage in stimulus processing can facilitate or hinder memory retrieval. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to distinguish preparatory brain activity before episodic and semantic retrieval tasks from activity associated with retrieval itself. A catch-trial imaging paradigm permitted separation of neural responses to preparatory task cues and memory probes. Episodic and semantic task preparation engaged a common set of brain regions, including the bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS), left fusiform gyrus (FG), and the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). In the subsequent retrieval phase, the left IPS was among a set of frontoparietal regions that responded differently to old and new stimuli. In contrast, the right IPS responded to preparatory cues with little modulation during memory retrieval. The findings support a strong left-lateralization of retrieval success effects in left parietal cortex, and further indicate that left IPS performs operations that are common to both task preparation and memory retrieval. Such operations may be related to attentional control, monitoring of stimulus relevance, or retrieval.
An approach to a neurobiophysical interpretation of motivational interactions

Some problems of the interaction between two individuals are considered in terms of the theory of neural nets. Among these are: the effect of individual differences on the total output of two individuals who share equally the results of their effort; the problem of stability of the equilibrium effort; the problem of the division of the results of a cooperative effort, and the effect of individual differences in the parameters on the results; the case in which two types of activity are possible—one cooperative, the other solitary; and the effect of certain parameters on the fraction of effort spent in each kind of activity.
Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Molybdenum Metal

The $^{95}\mathrm{Mo}$ and $^{97}\mathrm{Mo}$ nuclear spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation rates in molybdenum metal have been studied in the temperature range $1\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}4$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The transverse relaxation process is found to have an exponential time dependence (corresponding to a Lorentzian line shape) with characteristic times ${T}_{2}(^{95}\mathrm{Mo})=10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ msec and ${T}_{2}(^{97}\mathrm{Mo})=14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ msec which are independent of temperature. At 4.0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K the longitudinal relaxation times are ${T}_{1}(^{95}\mathrm{Mo})=8.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ sec and ${T}_{1}(^{97}\mathrm{Mo})=7.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ sec. The ratio $\frac{{T}_{1}(^{95}\mathrm{Mo})}{{T}_{1}(^{97}\mathrm{Mo})}=1.17\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$ is larger than the square of the nuclear moment ratio, ${(\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{97}}{{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{95}})}^{2}=1.0424$. This anomaly is attributed to an electric quadrupole process due to $d$-band conduction electrons. This process contributes significantly to the relaxation rate of $^{97}\mathrm{Mo}$ but not to that of $^{95}\mathrm{Mo}$ because of the large difference in nuclear quadrupole moments ($\frac{{Q}^{97}}{{Q}^{95}}=9.2$). The known moment ratios are used to partition the observed rates into nuclear magnetic dipole (${R}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$) and nuclear electric quadrupole (${R}_{Q}$) contributions. The resulting values of ${R}_{Q}$ yield quadrupole moment estimates ${Q}^{95}=(0.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and ${Q}^{97}=(1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. An approximate separation of ${R}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ into contact, core-polarization, and orbital rates has been achieved. The principal contribution to the Knight shift and to the conduction-electron susceptibility is shown to arise from the orbital magnetization of the $d$ band. The results of this study provide an upper-limit estimate of about 3 for the electron-phonon enhancement of the $s$-electron specific heat.
“More Justice”: The Role of Organized Labor in Educational Reform

This article explores the potential role of low-wage service sector unions in engaging in equity-minded school reform. The members of many such unions are parents of children attending poorly resourced public schools. In seeking to address the interests of their members, labor unions can draw upon resources, organizing strategies, and political relationships to contribute to grassroots campaigns for educational equity. Data gathered in Los Angeles from labor and civic leaders, as well as janitors belonging to the Service Employees International Union Local 1877, reveal possibilities for low-wage service sector unions to build alliances around educational reform issues and support their members' individual capacities to advocate for their own children in schools. At the same time, low-wage service sector unions face challenges to participating in school reform efforts, including prioritizing education issues among other competing interests and identifying common ground with teachers' unions.
Castration reduces human platelet TXA2 receptor density and aggregability

Background Exogenous testosterone T upregulates platelet TXA2 receptors and enhances aggregation response to TXA2 mimetics in healthy men. Aim Investigate the impact of reduction in plasma testosterone on platelet TXA 2 receptors. Methods Design A cross sectional study. Subjects: surgically castrated men with prostate cancer n= 8, aged 71±8yrs and age-matched urologic cases n=7, 67±9yrs, Setting: tertiary referal hospital Radioligand binding studies for platelet TXA2 receptors using 125 I-BOP, and platelet aggregation studies using I-BOP and thrombin were undertaken. Results Castrated patients had reduced plasma T,16± 5, compared to controls 308 ng/dl (p< 0.001). Platelet TXA2 receptor Bmax but not Kd was reduced in castrated (0.50±0.12 pmol/mg protein) compared to controls(1.01±0.17pmol/mg protein) p= 0.03. The Emax of platelet aggregation but not EC50 to 1-BOP was reduced in the castrated (53±2%) compared to control patients (63±2%)[p=0.003ANOVA. In vitro, hydroxyflutamide at high concentration 100uM, did not affect I-BOP binding, but competitively inhibited U46619 aggregation (p< 0.05 ANOVA). Conclusion Endogenous testosterone genomically regulates human platelet TXA2 Bmax and aggregation response to TXA2 mimetic I-BOP, and thrombin. Inhibition of androgen production or receptor blockade may reduce platelet aggregation. There is indirect evidence that there are functional androgen receptors on human platelets, which regulate TXA2 receptor expression. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P53–P53; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.12.093
Chlorsulfuron inhibition of cell cycle progression and the recovery of G1 arrested cells by Ile and Val

Cultured pea root tips were treated with 14 nM chlorsulfuron (CS) for up to 60 h. The progression of cells from G1 into S was monitored by measuring3H-thymidine (3H-Thy) incorporation into DNA. Chlorsulfuron treatment decreased the amount of3H-Thy incorporated; however, this amount never reached zero. Short-term labeling experiments indicate that the cells are arrested in a narrow band within G1. Cell progression recovered from the CS treatment when roots were transferred to either White's medium or White's supplemented with isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val). Lag time before recovery began in the White's or White's plus Ile and Val medium was 12 and 4 h, respectively. The initial slope of the recovery curves was similar irrespective of the type of recovery media. Increasing the duration of CS treatment did not change the length of the lag or initial slopes of the recovery curves. The level of3H-Thy incorporation decreased with increasing duration of CS treatment for root segments transferred to Ile and Val recovery medium.
Power-aware data retrieval protocols for indexed broadcast parallel channels

In pervasive and mobile computing environments, ''timely and reliable'' access to public data requires methods that allow quick, efficient, and low-power access to information to overcome technological limitations of wireless communication and access devices. The literature suggests broadcasting (one-way communication) as an effective way to disseminate the public data to mobile devices. Within the scope of broadcasting, the response time and energy consumption of retrieval methods have been used as the performance metrics for measuring the effectiveness of different access methods. The hardware and architecture of the mobile units offer different operational modes that consume different energy levels. Along with these architectural and hardware enhancements, techniques such as indexing, broadcasting along parallel channels, and efficient allocation and retrieval protocols can be used to minimize power consumption and access latency. In general, the retrieval methods attempt to determine the optimal access pattern for retrieving the requested data objects on parallel broadcast channels. The employment of heuristics provides a methodology for such ideal path planning solutions. Using informative heuristics and intelligent searches of an access forest can provide a prioritized cost evaluation of access patterns for requested data objects and, hence, an optimal path for the access of requested data on broadcast air channels. This paper examines two scheduling methods that along with a set of heuristics generate and facilitate the access patterns for retrieving data objects in the presence of conflicts in an indexed parallel broadcast channel environment. A simulation of the proposed schemes is presented for analyzing the relationship between response time and power consumption.
Experimental test of Weyl's gauge-invariant geometry

Weyl's gauge-invariant geometry predicts that the periods of clocks are affected by their previous history in electromagnetic fields. We have used the M\"ossbauer effect to search for such an effect with negative results.
An extension of Kieras' general experiment programming system

An extension of Kieras' general experiment programming system for computer-aided experimentation is described. The extension includes a support system for program preparation and data recovery and an efficient experiment control system. The result is a system that can run multiple subjects independently with a minimal amount of effort expended in preparation for the experiment. The implementation procedure for this system is outlined, and the p.aper concludes with a discussion of the type of facility which could make best use of the system. This paper describes an extension of the programming describe the type of facility for which the system is language and operating system described by Kieras appropriate. It is fitting to both begin and end with the (1973) for computer-aided experimentation. Kieras' latter topic. The first questions which come to the mind general experiment programming system (GEPS) was of a potential user probably concern the kind of initially implemented on an IBM 1800 to control human experiments that can be run by the system. experimentation at a number of CRT/keyboard Unfortunately, a full discussion of these questions hinges terminals. There are two basic features of Kieras' original on a more complete knowledge of the system itself. We system: An assembler translates programs written in a can, however, give some examples of experiments that high-level source code into a compact object code. An have been run with GEPS. At Michigan, GEPS has operating system then runs multiple terminals controlled research in psychophysics, problem solving, independently through the use of a simple monitor computer-assisted instruction, and, no doubt, in other which schedules an object-code interpreter to the various / areas. At Illinois, GEPS has been in service for about 20 terminals.
An improved synthesis of substituted [11C]toluenes via Suzuki coupling with [11C]methyl iodide

Toluene derivatives are often found in drug-like molecules, and are therefore desirable as radiolabelled moieties. The desire for an alternate to the Stille coupling led us to investigate the feasibility of the Suzuki coupling. We have found the Suzuki coupling route to be a robust alternative to the Stille coupling for the synthesis of functionalized [11C]toluene derivatives from [11C]methyl iodide. The avoidance of potentially toxic tin-containing by-products is an added advantage. The products synthesized via Suzuki coupling with [11C]methyl iodide were isolated in generally high yields (56–92%), with high radiochemical purity (>95%) and specific radioactivity (>4000 Ci/mmol) in less than 20 min following production of [11C]methyl iodide. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting behavior problems in children with epilepsy: Child factors, disease factors, family stress, and child-mother interaction.

This study examines the relative role of parent-child relationships, family stress, and disease factors in predicting behavior problems in children with epilepsy. It extends existing literature on parent-child relationships and behavior problems by examining children with biological risk. Child-mother interaction was observed for 51 children with epilepsy ages 7–13 years and related to teacher- and parent-reported behavior problems. Child's self-reliance correlated with parent-reported problems; expression of affect related to teacher-reported externalizing problems. A child self-reliance factor accounted for behavior problems after partialing age, gender, IQ, epilepsy variables, and family stress. The term child gender × quality of mother-child interaction predicted teacher-reported externalizing problems, with mother-child interaction correlated with behavior problems for boys. Child-parent relationships predict the development of behavior problems over and above the influence of disease-related factors, even for children at considerable biological risk.
Poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) block copolymers and ionomers therefrom: morphology as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy

Abstract Solvent-cast films of poly(styrene- b -isobutylene- b -styrene) (PS–PIB–PS) block copolymers and block ionomers were analyzed using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Four block copolymer samples with center block molecular weights of 52,000 g mol −1 and PS volume fractions ( φ PS ) ranging from 0.17 to 0.31 were studied. Block ionomers were produced by lightly sulfonating the PS outer blocks of the PS–PIB–PS block copolymers. Sulfonation levels were 1.5 and 3.4 mol%, and sodium and potassium counterions were studied. All samples exhibited hexagonally packed cylinders of PS within the PIB matrix. Cylinder spacing was in the range 32–36 nm for most samples, while cylinder diameters varied from 14 to 21 nm. Porod analysis of the scattering data indicated the presence of isolated phase mixing and sharp phase boundaries.
Surgery of acute pancreatitis

Within the past two generations, changing indications for surgical intervention, coupled with improvements in surgical techniques, have led the way to remarkable reductions in the morbidity and mortality of acute pancreatitis and its complications. Moreover, parallel advances in supportive intensive care and an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis also have contributed significantly to increased patient survival. Now that the pancreas has finally emerged from the dim recesses of the retroperitoneum to gain its rightful place of importance among the other organs, we may anticipate a rapid increase in our knowledge of the gland, ultimately leading to cures of its conditions and one day, perhaps even to the final goal of all medicine: prevention of disease.
Chromodynamic lensing and transverse single spin asymmetries

Abstract We illustrate, in a simple physical picture, how an axial asymmetry in impact parameter dependent parton distributions, in combination with final state interactions, can give rise to an axial asymmetry for the transverse momentum of the leading quark in the photo-production of hadrons. The effect is related to the asymmetry originating from the Wilson-line phase factor in gauge invariant Sivers distributions. We also explain the correlation between the sign of the anomalous magnetic moment and the sign of the Sivers asymmetry.
Recurrent myoglobinuria and muscle carnitine palmityltransferase deficiency

A 16-year-old boy with a two-year history of recurrent attacks of myalgia, muscle cramps without weakness, and myoglobinuria was shown to have a deficiency in muscle carnitine palmityltransferase. Serum concentrations of creatinine phosphokinase, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, and aldolase were elevated. An electromyogram was consistent with a nonspecific myopathy as were microscopic and ultrastructural examinations of biopsied muscle. Venous lactic acid response to ischemic exercise was compatible with paroxysmal idiopathic myoglobinuria. Activities of muscle phosphorylase A and B, phosphofructokinase, muscle palmityl CoA synthetase, carnitine, and serum carnitine were normal as was the glycogen content. Activity of muscle carnitine palmityltransferase (2.7 μ M/minute/mg protein), as measured by a spectrophotometric method and by radioactive assay, was significantly reduced when compared to normal control subjects (14.5 μ M/minute/mg protein) and ischemic control subjects (13.8 μ M/minute/mg protein). Muscle carnitine acetyltransferase (13.4 μ M/minute/mg protein) was approximately 50% of normal control values (25.5 μ M/minute/mg protein). This is the third reported case of myoglobinuria in a patient associated with a deficiency of muscle carnitine palmityltransferase activity.
Formation of Cystic Ovarian Follicles Associated with Elevated Luteinizing Hormone Requires Estrogen Receptor-β

Stringent regulation of LH secretion from the pituitary is vital to ovarian function in mammals. Two rodent models of LH hypersecretion are the transgenic LH-C-terminal peptide (LHCTP) and estrogen receptor- (ER)-null (ERKO) mice. Both exhibit ovarian phenotypes of chronic anovulation, cystic and hemorrhagic follicles, lack of corpora lutea, interstitial/stromal hyperplasia, and elevated plasma estradiol and testosterone. Because ER is highly expressed in granulosa cells of the ovary, we hypothesized the intraovarian actions of ER may be necessary for full manifestation of phenotypes associated with LH hyperstimulation. To address this question, we generated female mice that possess elevated LH, but lack ER, by breeding the LHCTP and ER-null (ERKO) mice. A comparison of LHCTP, ERKO, and ERKO LHCTP females has allowed us to elucidate the contribution of each ER form to the pathologies and endocrinopathies that occur during chronic LH stimulation of the ovary. ERKO ovaries respond to elevated LH by exhibiting an amplified steroidogenic pathway characteristic of the follicular stage of the ovarian cycle, whereas wild-type LHCTP and ERKO LHCTP females exhibit a steroidogenic profile more characteristic of the luteal stage. In addition, the hemorrhagic and cystic follicles of the LHCTP and ERKO ovaries require the intraovarian actions of ER for manifestation, because they were lacking in the ERKO LHCTP ovary. In turn, ectopic expression of the Leydig cell-specific enzyme, Hsd17b3, and male-like testosterone synthesis in the ERKO ovary are unique to this genotype and are therefore the culmination of elevated LH and the loss of functional ER within the ovary. (Endocrinology 145: 4693– 4702, 2004)
A reflectarray design with reduced crosspolarization for polarimetric radar

Polarimetric weather radar provides more accurate information about precipitation rates. As the precipitation detection in dual-polarimetric measurements relies on complete isolation of orthogonal components of the fields, a low crosspolarization radiation is desirable. In this article, a reflectarray with gapped double-ring elements was designed to suppress the crosspolarization level at and around broadside. In this design, gaps are cut on the double-ring elements to change the directions of the surface currents, so the crosspolar components will cancel each other along the broadside direction, and thus a low crosspolarization level can be achieved. Both simulation and measurements were carried with the new design, and a crosspolarization level of -44 dB at broadside and less than -33 dB for all azimuth ranges (-90 degrees<<90 degrees) was achieved in measurements. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1879-1883, 2014
Absolute frequency stabilization of diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG lasers to hyperfine transitions in molecular iodine

Diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG lasers were frequency stabilized by locking their frequency-doubled output to Doppler-free absorption lines of the (127)I(2) molecule. The successive two-sample deviation of the beat frequency between two independent iodine-stabilized lasers is less than 650 Hz, or 2.3 x 10(-12) of the laser frequency, for averaging times between 24 and 80 s.
A technique for interpretation of high resolution electron micrographs

Een instrument voor quantitatieve analyse van elektronenmicroscopische foto's wordt besproken.
Forced primer selection modulates HIV-1 replication and stability of the PBS

HIV-1 exclusively selects tRNALys3 as the primer to initiate the reverse transcription. To further study the mechanism of HIV-1 primer selection, the primer binding site (PBS) was modified to pair with tRNAPhe, tRNATyr, tRNAThr or tRNASer. The PBS stability and replication of these mutants were studied in the SupT1 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Virus with PBS complementary to tRNAThr grew slightly slower than the wild type virus and maintained the PBS for extended culture time but ultimately reverted to use tRNALys3. In contrast, viruses with the PBS complementary to tRNAPhe or tRNASer rapidly reverted to utilize tRNALys3 during growth in SupT1 and PBMCs. HIV-1 with the PBS complementary to tRNATyr had severely compromised infectivity and did not grow in SupT1 or PBMCs. Previous studies have shown additional changes 5' to the PBS in U5 (the A-loop region) so as to be complementary to the anticodon of certain tRNAs allow HIV-1 to stably use these tRNAs for replication. The A-loop mutation stabilized the continued use of tRNAThr as primer during replication in SupT1 and PBMCs. In contrast, the utilization of tRNASer was not stabilized by A-loop mutation. The A-loop mutation severely impaired the replication of virus with PBS complementary to tRNAPhe and could not rescue the virus with PBS complementary to tRNATyr. The results of these studies demonstrate the forced selection of certain alternative primers can have different effects on HIV-1 replication and PBS stability.
Transtelephonic electrocardiogram and voice signal transmitter-receiver system

A transmitter-receiver communication system is developed to provide simultaneous voice and electrocardiogram (ECG) transmission capability via the public switched telephone network. The basic voice frequency passband of a telephone circuit is approximately 0-4000 Hz, of which the voice actually occupies roughly 200-3400 Hz. For dual-channel signaling (voice and ECG) the voice signal is bandlimited to about 2500 Hz (still providing intelligible speech quality) and is mixed with an ECG signal transported to a 3000-Hz center frequency. The ECG signal is passed through a 250-Hz low-pass filter and is amplitude-modulated on a 3-kHz carrier frequency. On the receiving side these two signal channels are separated, and the ECG signal is demodulated to the baseband using a phase-locked-loop technique. The ECG signal is displayed on a monitor. The hard copy of the ECG signal can also be obtained using a strip chart recorder. >
Our Divorce Culture: A Durkheimian Perspective

Comparative studies of children from divorced and intact families consistently find that children of divorced marriages have more short- and long-term psychological and social issues than children from intact marriages. This has led to the need for an evaluation of our divorce culture. The purpose of this research is to analyze the general population's attitudes on divorce involving children by gender, race, age, socioeconomic status, and participation in religious activities to see if our opinion of divorce is corresponding to the reality of its effect on children. Research-based divorce education programs have been shown to produce positive results in social and psychological readjustment for both children and adults. The findings of this study allow research-based divorce education programs to identify where to focus their services for children and adults. In addition, these findings support the implementation of policy to mandate the development of research-based divorce education programs in each state.
Application of the Multivariate Runs Test to Compositional Data

The graph median has recently been proposed (Sharp, 2006) as an alternative measure of central tendency in those instances when the arithmetic average is not a part of the data set. This property was illustrated with ternary diagrams by using a series of five three-component compositional data sets all of which had the same mean, but greatly differing patterns in their compositions. For these sets, a comparison of their means and, except for the case in which all compositions (hongite2) fell on the same line, a comparison of their variance would be of no value. Contemplation of this fact, suggested the need for a simple method that determines the extent to which two data sets with several components are coincident. Suppose one visualizes each component of a composition as being plotted along a separate coordinate axis, then an individual compositon can be represented as a point in a space of three or higher dimension and the data set as a whole when plotted would form a cloud of points. If the two data sets are statistically the same, the two clouds of points should be of similar size, shape and internal point distribution. A test for this can be conceived as follows. Merge the two clouds of points into one and then connect each pair of points in the combined cloud with the one set of lines such that the total length of the lines is a minimum. In graph theory, the points are termed nodes, the lines as edges, the set of connected lines as a tree and the set of lines having a minimum total length as a minimum spanning tree (e.g. Reingold, Nievergelt, and Deo, 1977, chap. 8). If the two data
Pairwise probability of error for differential space-time modulation over a time-varying Rician channel

The pairwise probability of error for differential unitary space-time modulation for channels with a constant specular component and time-varying diffuse fading is derived in this paper. We consider the case where the channel varies from sample to sample within a symbol according to a first-order Gauss-innovations model. Our previous results are reviewed which show that the effect of the time-varying diffuse channel can be described by an effective SNR that decreases with time. We derive pairwise probability of error expressions using these effective SNR values, which are shown by simulation to accurately describe performance.