cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Sire on the Response to Pre-Incubation Warming of Turkey Eggs

Abstract THE apparent increase in hatchability of turkey eggs when submitted to a pre-incubation period of warming as reported by Kosin (1956) and of chicken eggs as shown by Jackson (1912) and Becker and Bearse (1958) raises the question as to whether there is a genetic effect on this response. If such an effect exists, it may be a clue as to why certain sire families exhibit higher hatchability than do other families. This study was designed so as to determine if there are sire family differences in the response to pre-incubation warming. PROCEDURE The stock used in this study was the trapnested Station flock of Broad Breasted Bronze turkeys. In 1958 there were 136 females started in 11 single male mating pens, and in 1959 there were 110 females started in 10 single male mating pens. The eggs were all marked in the usual manner with the hen number, pen …
Statement by the Growth Hormone Research Society on the GH/IGF-I Axis in Extending Health Span

Despite the fact that growth hormone (GH) has not been approved for antiaging purposes, its use for this indication is widespread and increasing. The Growth Hormone Research Society (GRS) convened an international workshop to critically review and debate the available evidence related to the use of GH in the older adults and the relationship between the GH/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis and the aging process. This statement presents the conclusions reached and gives recommendations for future studies in this research field regarding the use of GH and growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) for promoting health span. The participants concluded that, until future clinical research in this area is conducted, in particular carefully designed, long-term studies, using validated outcome parameters, the clinical use of GH or GHS in older adults, alone or in combination with testosterone, cannot be recommended. In addition, future basic studies in model systems, to continue to unravel GH/IGF-I effects related to human life span and health span, were advocated.
Structural Analysis of a Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line

Confluent monolayers of epithelial cell lines of intestinal derivation may serve as useful models for studies of intestinal epithelial structure and function. Cells of the T 84 line appear to be a useful model for studies of C1- secretion. We now define the fine structure of this cell line, the structural events that occur during monolayer formation, and the influence of plastic versus collagen substrates and permeable versus impermeable substrates on the structural development of these mono1ayers. When plated on collagen-coated filters at confluency, T 84 cells cover the filter surface and lay down basement membrane-like material within 18 h. Such "monolayers" mu1tifocally display areas with many cell layers alternating with areas composed of a single layer of cells. During this stage of development cell polarization is minimal, ultrastructural discontinuities exist that impart low transepithelia1 resistance, and morphologic features reminiscent of stratified intestinal epithelium during fetal development are present. Within 5 days of plating on collagen- coated filters, true mono1ayers form. These mono1ayers have high transepithelia1 resistance and consist of highly polarized columnar cells with structural similarity to intestinal crypt cells. Cells plated on a plastic substrate are also capable of rapidly producing basement membrane-like material but, unlike those plated on collagen-coated filters, under these conditions the rapid initial spreading of cells over the substrate surface does not occur. As a result, at 5 days monolayers plated on plastic are less uniform than those plated on collagen- coated filters, exhibit areas in which unpo1arized flattened cells abound, and multifocally leak macromolecules. Studies using collagen-coated filters made impermeant with glass backing suggest that the enhancing effect of this substrate on monolayer structural development is not simply due to the greater access that baso1ateta1 membranes have to nutrient media when grown on permeable supports. This study defines the structure and structural development of this useful model epithelium, and demonstrates the importance of substrate selection.
Perceived Magnitudes of Distortion, Secondary Imaging, and Rainbowing in Aircraft Windshields

Distortion, secondary imaging, and rainbowing are perhaps the most critical optical problems inherent to windshields designed for high performance aircraft. Although manufacturers are required to inspect each windshield and render perceptual decisions about the severity of these optical problems, the procedures followed by different observers vary greatly. As a result, visual quality control can be improved significantly. This report describes the successful application of a psychophysical method for scaling visual judgments concerning the apparent magnitudes of distortion, secondary imaging, and rainbowing in current Air Force F-111 windshields.
Signs of Socioeconomic Status A Thin-Slicing Approach

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a primary determinant of health vulnerabilities and social affiliations. To ascertain if SES is signaled in brief patterns of nonverbal behavior, we had participants of varying SES backgrounds engage in a brief interaction with a stranger. Videos of 60-s slices of these interactions were coded for nonverbal cues of disengagement and engagement, and estimates of participants' SES were provided by naive observers who viewed these videos. As predicted by analyses of resource dependence and power, upper-SES participants displayed more disengagement cues (e.g., doodling) and fewer engagement cues (e.g., head nods, laughs) than did lower-SES participants. Results were also consistent with the thin-slicing literature, in that observers' estimates of SES were reliable with each other and accurately predicted targets' family income, maternal education, and subjective SES. Finally, nonverbal displays of disengagement and engagement predicted observers' estimates of SES, which suggests that these cues are systematic signs of SES. These results have implications for understanding the effect of SES on social interactions and patterns of disengagement and engagement in other realms.
EFFECTS OF COCCIDIAL AND MYCOPLASMAL INFECTIONS ON CAROTENOID-BASED PLUMAGE PIGMENTATION IN MALE HOUSE FINCHES

Abstract Carotenoid pigments produce the ornamental red, orange, and yellow integumentary coloration of many species of animals. Among individuals of a population, the hue and saturation of carotenoid-based ornaments can be extremely variable, and studies of fish and birds have shown that females generally prefer males that display the most saturated and reddest coloration. Consequently, there has been a great deal of interest in determining the proximate factors that affect individual expression of carotenoid-based pigmentation. Parasites might affect production of ornamental coloration, and the Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis proposes that parasitized males will show decreased expression of the secondary sexual traits preferred by females. We found that captive male House Finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) experimentally infected with Isospora spp. (coccidians) and/or Mycoplasma gallisepticum produced carotenoid-based plumage coloration that was significantly less red and less saturated than that of noninfected mal...
Lithium Ion is a Competitive Inhibitor of the Na+ Selective Na+/H+ Antiporter from Mitochondria

The existence of an inner membrane Na+/H+ antiporter in mitochondria was predicted by Peter Mitchell (1961) and later demonstrated experimentally by Mitchell and Moyle (1967; 1969). These and subsequent studies by Douglas and Cockrell (1974) and Brierley (1976) led to the conclusions that mitochondria possess one Na+/H+ antiporter and that this porter also catalyzes K+/H+ exchange at a much lower rate. Indeed K+/H+ exchange was so low that some workers (Rosen and Futai, 1980) concluded that mitochondria do not possess such activity.
The Supreme Court Engages in Judicial Activism in Interpreting the Patent Law in eBay, Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.

*Almost a century ago the United States Supreme Court held that a patent owner is generally entitled to permanent injunctive relief to prevent ongoing infringement. Lower courts, such as the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, consistently applied this rule. Nevertheless, in eBay, Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C., the Court overruled this general rule. Justice Thomas, writing for a unanimous Court, unequivocally repudiated almost a century of precedent in a cursory opinion devoid of any explanation or justification for its action. Precedent—a fundamental tenet of our judicial system that facilitates predictable judicial decisions—is undermined by the eBay decision. Chief Justice Roberts, in a concurring opinion, recognized the importance of precedent but failed to explain why he supported rejecting precedent in this dispute. Justice Kennedy, in a second concurring opinion, likewise recognized the importance of precedent. However, he suggested three somewhat dubious reasons for rejecting precedent in this case.
CT Lung Cancer Screening

Welcome to the JACR reprint supplement on CT lung cancer screening! How lung cancer screening came to be an accepted preventive health measure in the United States, reimbursed by insurers, is a remarkable success story for radiologists and their patients. First and foremost, it is a story that validates, as much as any other, the truism that research is essential to the progress of our specialty, that research is critical to our continuing to succeed in developing novel technologies and applications. Although observational studies had suggested a benefit to CT screening, the research was fraught with biases that prevented general acceptance. The status CT lung cancer screening now enjoys is attributable to a large, randomized clinical trial, performed with federal funding and designed and executed by a collaboration of ACRIN and the National Cancer Institute. Known as the National Lung Screening Trial, this clinical trial, involving more than 50,000 subjects, demonstrated a 20% reduction in lung cancerespecific mortality among subjects undergoing CT screening. The results informed and made possible the success of an ACR-led coalition in achieving federal recognition of the benefits of the procedure. This supplement picks up from where the trial and government relations left off. The articles contained in
Pipeline spectroscopy

Pipeline Spectroscopy is a new technique that allows us to measure the cost of each cache miss. The cost of a miss is displayed (graphed) as a histogram, which represents a precise readout showing a detailed visualization of the cost of each cache miss throughout all levels of the memory hierarchy. We call the graphs 'spectrograms' because they reveal certain signature characteristics of the processor's memory hierarchy, the pipeline, and the miss pattern itself. We show that in a memory hierarchy with N cache levels (L1, L2, ..., LN, and memory) and a miss cluster of size C, there are (C+N/C) possible miss penalties. This represent all possible sums from all possible combinations of the miss latencies from each level of the memory hierarchy (L2, L3, ... Memory) for a given cluster size. Additionally, a theory is presented that describes the shape of a spectrogram, and we use this theory to predict the shape of spectrograms for larger miss clusters. Detailed analysis of a spectrograph leads to much greater insight in pipeline dynamics, including effects due to prefetching, and miss queueing delays.
The Prison Rape Elimination Act and Correctional Psychiatrists

Rape and sexual assault are violent crimes that exact severe and lasting emotional and functional tolls. Our society is currently grappling with the pervasiveness of sexual assault in our communities and the development of both preventive interventions and post hoc approaches to effective legal
Validation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in live White Leghorns

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was evaluated for use as a noninvasive tool to monitor skeletal integrity in live laying hens. The objectives of the current study were 1) to validate the use of DEXA in evaluating bone integrity in live birds as compared with excised bones under a normal nutritional regimen as well as in hens fed varying levels of dietary Ca and 2) to correlate densitometric scans with other bone strength criteria and egg traits. Densitometric scans were conducted on the tibia and humerus of live hens at 10-wk intervals from 17 to 67 wk of age. After each scan, bones were excised from euthanized hens to measure breaking strength characteristics and bone ash (experiment 1). Similar measurements were collected at 38, 48, and 58 wk of age from hens fed hypercalcemic (5.4%), control (3.6%), and hypocalcemic (1.8%) diets from 32 to 58 wk of age (experiment 2). The bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) between live and excised bone scans were highly correlated (r = 0.85 and 0.92, respectively, P < 0.0001, experiment 1). Densitometric scans of live birds were positively correlated with bone breaking force and bone ash (r = 0.68 and 0.73, respectively, P < 0.001) with little to no correlation with shell traits. In experiment 2, the excised tibial scan had lower BMD and BMC than the live bird (P < 0.01), whereas no difference was detected in densitometric scans of the humerus. The live and excised BMD and BMC of the tibia (r = 0.87 and 0.82, respectively, P < 0.001) and humerus (r = 0.94 and 0.93, respectively, P < 0.001) were highly correlated. Due to the high correlations between live and excised bone scans and the significant correlations of live scans to more traditional invasive bone measurement tests such as bone breaking force and bone ash, we concluded that DEXA is a useful noninvasive tool for evaluating skeletal integrity in live birds.
Effects of timing of nitrogen application on nitrogen partitioning between vegetative, reproductive, and structural components of mature ‘Comice’ pears

Mature pear (Pyrus communis) trees were fertilized with ammonium nitrate depleted in 15N at various dates. In an initial experiment, N was applied one month before bloom (BB), one month after bloom (AB), or at harvest (HT). Nitrogen applied BB partitioned almost equally among spur leaves, shoot leaves, and fruits, but N applied AB was partitioned preferentially to shoot leaves and fruits. Nitrogen applied at HT remained in the roots during the dormant season. Flower buds sampled in December were high in labelled N when it was applied BB and AB, but not at HT. Soil texture did not influence N partitioning between spur leaves, shoot leaves, and fruits. In subsequent trials, labelled N was applied at five dates from six weeks before harvest to six weeks after harvest. Allocation of N following later-season application was strikingly different from the spring applications. Much less N was partitioned to leaves, fruits, and shoots. The amount of N allocated to above-ground tissues decreased as the season progr...
Selective Effects of Different Antioxidants on Oxidation of Lipoproteins from Rats

Lipoprotein oxidation may contribute to development of atherosclerosis, and supplementation with antioxidants may reduce risk for atherosclerotic events. Genistein, a major isoflavone from soy protein, and catechins from green tea have important antioxidant properties. This study compared the effects of various diets containing antioxidant-rich foods or supplements on serum lipids and lipoprotein oxidation of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The control diet used was devoid of vitamin E. Test diets included these ingredients: green tea powder, 20 g/kg; beta-carotene, 250 mg/kg; a low isoflavone soy protein isolate; a genistein-rich soy protein isolate; and vitamin E, 4000 mg/kg. Ten-week-old rats were acclimatized for 1 week on a special custom diet without vitamin E. Following randomization and allocation to different diet groups, rats were fed the test diets for 3 weeks. Blood was drawn by cardiac puncture, and the plasma was separated by centrifugation. The VLDL-LDL fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugation. Oxidation kinetics of the VLDL-LDL fraction were determined by measuring the lag phase and formation of conjugated dienes, lipid peroxides, and TBARS. The vitamin E diet (P < 0.001) and high-genistein diet profoundly decreased all parameters of lipoprotein oxidation. The following alterations were noted with the high-genistein diet compared to the control diet: the lag phase was 49% longer (P=0.002); conjugated diene formation was decreased by 28% (P=0.01); lipid peroxide formation was decreased 31% (P=0.0059); and TBARS production was 35% lower (P=0.019). The low-isoflavone diet increased the lag phase by 43% (P=0.0019) but did not significantly alter other measures of oxidation. Green tea increased only the lag phase by 33% (P=0.012) compared to the control diet. Beta-Carotene had no significant effect on the oxidation of lipoproteins. The effect of genistein-rich soy protein isolates on lipoprotein oxidation in vitro suggests that either soy isoflavones or other antioxidants derived from soy protein, like vitamin E, may be transported in these lipoproteins. The minimal effects of the isoflavone-poor soy protein isolate suggests that either the small amount of isoflavones present have a potent effect or other components of soy protein are exerting these effects. Further studies are required to examine these results.
Identification and Characterization of Catecholaminergic Neuron B65, Which Initiates and Modifies Patterned Activity in the Buccal Ganglia of Aplysia

Kabotyanski, E. A., D. A. Baxter, and J. H. Byrne. Identification and characterization of catecholaminergic neuron B65, which initiates and modifies patterned activity in the buccal ganglia of Aply...
Correction to "A description of four new species of Clavicornaltica Scherer from Continental Asia"

We recently published descriptions of four species of Clavicornaltica Scherer from Continental Asia (Konstantinov and Duckett 2005). These species were compared to known species including Clavicornaltica australis Konstantinov. Due to an unfortunate event the figure showing the male genitalia of C. australis was omitted. This figure shown below (Fig. 1) is cited in the discussion on page 62 as figure 32.
How Do Early Life Experiences Modulate Sexual Function, Stress, and Pain? The Role of Serotonin in Sexual Function

Healthy sexual functioning is an important contributor to individual and relational health and well-being. Sexual pain disorders can significantly negatively impact sexual function. Childhood maltreatment, especially sexual abuse, is associated with sexual dysfunctions in adulthood. The serotonin system appears to play a role in this association, as evidenced by both relationships with serotonin transporter gene mutations and sexual side effects of antidepressants which target the serotonin system. Recent research has focused on novel and successful treatments for sexual pain, including hormone treatment, physical therapy, surgical intervention, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Diagnosis of sexual pain disorders, however, has been complicated by the discordant terminology advanced by different medical associations. Much research on sexual dysfunction does not discriminate pain from other dysfunctions, and additional research is needed to examine these relationships specifically with sexual pain.
In vitro fertilization in unstimulated cycles: the University of Southern California experience

Objective To describe the clinical experience of our center with in vitro fertilization (IVF) in unstimulated cycles and to provide a comparison to stimulated cycles. Design Spontaneous ovulatory cycles were triggered with human chorionic gonadotropin in the midcycle, and 78 aspirations for IVF were performed, with the remainder of the IVF cycle proceeding in a standard manner. Setting The IVF program of the University of Southern California and the California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California. Patients Spontaneously ovulatory women (n = 46) with predominantly pelvic factor as their principal cause of infertility, under the age of 40, and no male factor. Interventions Human chorionic gonadotropin administration in midcycle, follicle aspiration, IVF, and embryo transfer. Main Outcome Measures Embryo implantation and pregnancy. Results Seventy-eight follicle aspirations resulted in 11 clinical (14%) and 9 ongoing (12%) pregnancies. The per embryo implantation rate was 13% clinical and 11% ongoing. There was no decrease in per cycle pregnancy rates (PRs) for up to three unstimulated cycles. Conclusions Unstimulated IVF is a viable alternative to stimulated cycles with PRs approximately one half those of stimulated cycles. It is reasonable to offer patients up to three cycles of unstimulated IVF without expecting a decrease in PRs.
Blood Bupivacaine Concentrations After Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Neonates: A Prospective Observational Study.

BACKGROUND:Untreated pain can have instant and prolonged consequences to behavioral and neurologic outcomes in neonates. Although the use of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block to minimize postsurgical pain has been demonstrated in neonates, no data regarding the safety of this procedure are ava
Diffuse Fine Nodular Opacities

Diffuse fine nodules are the expected presentation of intravascular dissemination of tuberculosis, which is a life-threatening complication. Perception of the fine nodular opacities is often difficult and may require high resolution CT of the chest for confirmation. Because the tuberculous organisms are in the blood vessels of the lung, sputum cultures may not be positive and biopsy may be required to confirm the diagnosis. Tuberculosis must be distinguished from a number of fungal infections and rarely bacterial or viral infections. Silicosis and coal worker’s pneumoconiosis may produce fine nodular opacities, but the nodules often have an upper lobe distribution and are more variable in size than the nodules of miliary tuberculosis. Small nodular metastases are also more variable in size than miliary tuberculosis.
Dirty Entanglements: Corruption, Crime, and Terrorism

The entangled threat of crime, corruption, and terrorism now deserves high-level policy attention because of its growth trajectory. Using lively case studies, this book analyzes the transformation of crime and terrorism and the business logic of terrorism. Louise I. Shelley concludes that corruption, crime, and terrorism will remain important security challenges in the twenty-first century as a result of economic and demographic inequalities in the world, the rise of ethnic and sectarian violence, climate change, the growth of technology, and the failure of nineteenth- and twentieth-century institutions to respond to these challenges when they emerged.
The preparation of crystalline lactic acid

On account of its importance in intermediary metabolism, lactic acid was among the first compounds chosen in our plan, which we have described in a previous communication (1), to augment the available data on the free energies of formation of substances significant in biological chemistry. It was necessary for this purpose to obtain pure crystalline lactic acid, free of water, anhydride, and lactide. The only description in the literature of the preparation of crystalline lactic acid is that of Krafft and Dyes (2). Table I shows that the product obtained by their method contains relatively large quantities of anhydro impurities. The subject of the present communication is the description of a method which yields the active isomers of lactic acid in a crystalline state, free of water, anhydride, and lactide, supplemented by the description of two methods of separating the active forms from the commercial syrup (1). Lactic acid commercially available at present either is in the form of the U.S.P. syrup, which usually exhibits a low optical activity corresponding to the excess it happens to contain, which is variable, of one or the other optical isomer, or is the expensive zinc sarcolactate. The methods described below now make it possible to obtain easily and quickly and at low cost large quantities of both active isomers in a relatively high degree of purity.
Teaching design with a tinkering-driven robot hack

This work incorporates an open-ended design experience into an introductory circuits laboratory with the intended outcome of increasing self-efficacy for circuit prototyping and design. The authors have implemented a tinkering-based laboratory, in which students spend each lab period building a component of an inexpensive robot. The course culminates in a four week open-ended final hack that adds functionality to the finished robot. This design project prompts students to make connections across disciplines and exercise design thinking in a low-stakes environment. To determine the impact of this design experience on student learning, self-efficacy was measured through optional surveys administered both before and after the final hack. The design project resulted in a significant increase in design self-efficacy for students with some prior electronics experience, as well as an increase in prototyping self-efficacy in less experienced students, indicating that the design requirement had a positive impact on self-efficacy overall. It also showed that undergraduates in this course were ready to engage in a structured open-ended design experience even though they did not have a classical foundation in all the relevant theory, a common justification for the omission of design projects from intermediate-level engineering curricula.
The Presentation of Self in Philanthropic Life: The Political Negotiations of the Foundation Program Officer

This paper explores the negotiations of foundation program officers who aim to challenge structural inequality across regional geographies of poverty. Beyond the limits to confronting capitalist relationships of production as discussed in critical philanthropy literature, this paper shows how the professional “grantor–grantee” relationship reproduces institutional structures of power. Through the lens of Erving Goffman's “presentation of self” and data from archival and ethnographic research on immigrant and farmworker funding in California's Central Valley and recent interviews with program staff at large foundations in New York City, the paper suggests that Goffman's concepts of performance, idealization, negative idealization, and disruption expand upon a Gramscian theorization of hegemony by highlighting a micro-sociology of power. Building consensus among greatly unequal actors and managing idealized stories about poverty and philanthropy, the foundation program officer brokers political opportunity for grassroots organizations and yet more commonly generates consent.
I can’t stand him (or her)

It was another busy night in the emergency department. As I was about to interview the next patient, the nurse came over and said, “He’s back.” I didn’t even have to ask who was back. I felt my blood pressure rise, I muttered an expletive, and then I said, “My night is ruined.” This patient is an example of patients …
Principles of Nutrition in the Critically Ill Patient

Nutrition in the critically ill patient is an important but often overlooked entity. After the initial resuscitation of a patient, enteric feeds should be initiated as soon as technically feasible. Enteral nutrition (EN) has immunologic, anti-infectious, and functional benefits. Parenteral nutrition (PN) should only be considered in patients who do not have a functional gastrointestinal tract and who have pre-existing protein-calorie malnutrition prior to illness. Enteric feeds should not be withheld for gastric residuals or decreased bowel sounds. If a patient cannot tolerate full nutrition, a trophic feeding strategy may be used. Recommendations for caloric and micronutrient goals, as well as ideal composition of tube feed products, necessitate ongoing research. It is thought that patients will have differing individualized requirements based on pre-illness nutritional status and illness severity scoring. It is known, however, that obese patients are often malnourished and should be treated the same as normal- or under-weight patients.
Palynological Characteristics of Near-Shore Shell-Bearing Pliocene Through Holocene Sediments of Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina

Seventeen pollen-bearing samples· from sites in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida were analyzed for their pollen content. The samples range in age from Late Pliocene to Holocene. The initial objective of the study was to use the samples to help define the age of the physiographic feature known as Trail Ridge. All samples were marine sediments, and many were from marine mollusk-dominated strata. Pollen of Pinus and Quercus were abundant in all samples; Taxodium was abundant in about half of them. Carya, Liquidambar, Compositae, Gramineae, and ChenopodiaceaeAmaranthaceae were present as accessory taxa. Dinoflagellate cysts, microforams, and pyrite were present, or abundant, in several of the samples. The only regionally extinct taxa were Pterocarya and Sciadopitys (?), and these were not abundant in any samples. The bio- and chronostratigraphic positions of the samples were established using mollusk, ostracode, and vertebrate fossil data, and radiocarbon dates where possible. In spite of the fact that the samples represent a considerable span of time (back to 2.2 million years) the pollen floras are very uniform. There is, for all practical purposes, no way of distinguishing the sampled Pliocene strata from the Pleistocene or Holocene units on the basis of pollen assemblages. The pollen floras seem to have been strongly influenced by taphonomic factors, such as sorting by wind, currents, and waves. Although this has nearly eliminated their value as biostratigraphic indicators, the pollen assemblages are useful indicators of a distinct kind of depositional setting. The taphonomic interpretation is corroborated by data derived from molluscan and vertebrate paleoecology.
The role of estradiol in modulating LH and FSH response to gonadotropin releasing hormone.

In women, as well as in subhuman primates, it has been suggested that estradiol may be involved in initiating the surge of gonadotropins which occurs at midcycle. This suggestion is based, in part, on the observations that estradiol reaches a peak at or just prior to the midcycle gonadotropin surge (1), and that the administration of estradiol to women and monkeys in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle results in an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) (2–5).
Towards Health Recommendation Systems: An Approach for Providing Automated Personalized Health Feedback from Mobile Data

Personal data acquisition using smartphones has become robust and achievable in recent times: improvements in user interfaces have made manual inputting more straightforward and intuitive, while advances in sensing technology has made tracking more accurate and less obtrusive. Moreover, algorithmic advances in data mining and machine learning has led to better a interpretation and determination factors indicative of health conditions and outcomes. However, these indicators are still under-utilized when providing feedback to the user or a health worker. Mobile health systems that can exploit such indicators could potentially deliver precision feedback personalized to the user’s condition and also lead to increases in adherence and improve efficacy. In this book chapter, we will provide an overview of the state of the art in mobile health feedback systems and then discuss MyBehavior, an example of a feedback system that utilizes individual data streams and indicators. MyBehavior is the first personalized system that provides health beneficial recommendations based on physical activity and dietary data acquired using smartphones. The system learns common healthy and unhealthy behaviors from activity and dietary logs, and then prioritizes and suggests actions similar to existing behaviors. Such prioritization is done to promote a sense of familiarity to the suggestions and increase the likelihood of adoption. We also formulate a basis framework for future systems similar to MyBehavior and discuss challenges with regard to transference and adaptation.
High Glucose Inhibits Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Through Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Maternal diabetes induces neural tube defects by suppressing neurogenesis in the developing neuroepithelium. Our recent study further revealed that high glucose inhibited embryonic stem cell differ...
Producción de bioetanol a partir de diferentes mezclas de los residuos orgánicos generados en una empresa alimentos

Este estudio evalua la produccion de bioetanol a partir de residuos lignocelulosicos generados en una industria de produccion de pulpa de fruta, describe la seleccion y caracterizacion de los residuos y analiza el rendimiento de bioetanol. Inicialmente, la investigacion determino la disponibilidad que en 2015 tuvieron los residuos (cascaras y semillas) de las frutas seleccionadas, lo que permitio establecer que los residuos de mora, limon, maracuya, lulo y mango son los mas convenientes. La similitud en el porcentaje de celulosa de los residuos permitio realizar las siguientes mezclas: limon-lulo, maracuya-lulo, maracuya-limon y mora-mango. Posteriormente, a los residuos se les realizo un pretratamiento con hidroxido de sodio y una hidrolisis empleando la enzima Multifect B; se determino la cantidad de azucares reductores mediante el metodo DNS; se empleo una cepa etanolica para el proceso de fermentacion; se realizo una destilacion simple, y se determino el bioetanol por el metodo de dicromato de potasio. Se establecio que la mezcla de residuos de lulo- limon fue la de mayor concentracion de azucares reductores, con 2.08 g glucosa/L mezcla y un rendimiento de 9.22 g bioetanol/kg de residuos. El rendimiento producto/sustrato fue de 0.87 g bioetanol/g glucosa en promedio, lo que mostro que la produccion de bioetanol de segunda generacion, a partir de residuos lignocelulosicos a nivel de laboratorio, es satisfactoria (comparada con otros estudios) y que podria escalarse para valorizar los residuos y disminuir el impacto ambiental que estos generan.
Effects of Class-Level Vegetation Characteristics on Nesting Success of Bewick's Wrens

Understanding how habitat affects avian nest success is paramount, particularly when nest boxes are used. Once widespread, Thryomanes bewickii (Bewick's Wren) are presently confined to south-central and western North America. Our objective was to determine which vegetation variables influenced Bewick's Wren nesting success in nest boxes in central Texas. Between 2013 and 2014, we estimated nest success for 83 nests and measured vegetation variables surrounding nest boxes. Shrubland perimeter-area ratio negatively impacted nest success, whereas distance to nearest tree had a positive effect. Our results indicate that nests close to trees and in patches with large areas exposed to edge experienced lower nest success; these vegetation variables should be considered when using nest boxes to manage for Bewick's Wrens.
Emerging Technologies: It's Not What "You" Say -- It's What "They" Do.

This paper is provided for OLC 2018 Special Edition from a 2018 Innovate Presentation in Nashville Tennessee. We will explore various emerging technologies at the writing of this article. It is important to note that, the authors believe that learning is not a complete circle when evaluated by what educators do, the technologies we use, nor how we communicate our knowledge to our students. Learning is only successful when we fully assess the impact of our preparations and presentations on student outcomes. Students need the opportunity to actively participate in the doing of learning. Modeling the literacies needed to skillfully enable us to meet the needs of our future world through strong use of technologies in a huetagogical setting enables learning success.
Silencing of high-affinity insulin-reactive B lymphocytes by anergy and impact of the NOD genetic background in mice.

Previous studies have demonstrated that high-affinity insulin-binding B cells (IBCs) silenced by anergy in healthy humans lose their anergy in islet autoantibody-positive individuals with recent-onset type 1 diabetes, and in autoantibody-negative first-degree relatives carrying certain risk alleles. Here we explore the hypothesis that IBCs are found in the immune periphery of disease-resistant C57BL/6-H2g7 mice, where, as in healthy humans, they are anergic, but that in disease-prone genetic backgrounds (NOD) they become activated and migrate to the pancreas and pancreatic lymph nodes, where they participate in the development of type 1 diabetes. We compared the status of high-affinity IBCs in disease-resistant VH125.C57BL/6-H2g7 and disease-prone VH125.NOD mice. Consistent with findings in healthy humans, high-affinity IBCs reach the periphery in disease-resistant mice and are anergic, as indicated by a reduced expression of membrane IgM, unresponsiveness to antigen and failure to become activated or accumulate in the pancreatic lymph nodes or pancreas. In NOD mice, high-affinity IBCs reach the periphery early in life and increase in number prior to the onset of hyperglycaemia. These cells are not anergic; they become activated, produce autoantibodies and accumulate in the pancreas and pancreatic lymph nodes prior to disease development. These findings are consistent with genetic determination of the escape of high-affinity IBCs from anergy and their early contribution to the development of type 1 diabetes.
Freud and the Transformations of Psychology and Philosophy of Mind

Whether mental states are limited to conscious experience or encompass unconscious states was arguably the single most important and divisive question to confront psychology at its inception as a science. Both psychology and philosophy of mind changed radically as a result of the ensuing debate, from understanding mind as synonymous with consciousness in the nineteenth century to the present understanding of mind as unconscious representational states realized in brain tissue. The puzzle is: By what arguments, were these transformations justified? Freud’s philosophical argument for the existence of unconscious mental states, excavated and reconstructed in this book, is proposed as a “missing link” that provides a possible rationale for the transformations of psychology and philosophy of mind.
SHNE: Representation Learning for Semantic-Associated Heterogeneous Networks

Representation learning in heterogeneous networks faces challenges due to heterogeneous structural information of multiple types of nodes and relations, and also due to the unstructured attribute or content (e.g., text) associated with some types of nodes. While many recent works have studied homogeneous, heterogeneous, and attributed networks embedding, there are few works that have collectively solved these challenges in heterogeneous networks. In this paper, we address them by developing a Semantic-aware Heterogeneous Network Embedding model (SHNE). SHNE performs joint optimization of heterogeneous SkipGram and deep semantic encoding for capturing both heterogeneous structural closeness and unstructured semantic relations among all nodes, as function of node content, that exist in the network. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SHNE outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in various heterogeneous network mining tasks, such as link prediction, document retrieval, node recommendation, relevance search, and class visualization.
Criminal Thinking as a Risk Factor for Psychiatric Inpatient Aggression

Thinking styles that predispose offenders to antisocial behavior have been shown to predict violence and aggression among inmates. This study explored this relationship among civil psychiatric inpa...
Rectourethral Fistula: Operative Technique and Outcomes

Rectourethral fistula (RUF) is an infrequent yet distressing pathology that can lead to significant complications for patients. Its management has been debated over the years and physicians have yet to reach a consensus on RUF treatment. In this review, we outline the status of the current literature on RUF from the initial diagnosis to the outcomes, complications, and surgical techniques available for RUF repair. Higher rates of success are achieved on the first surgical attempt. Therefore, when deciding which surgical procedure to use, it is of vital importance to consider both patient characteristics (such as identifying if the fistula is simple or complex) and surgeon-related factors. Overall, many of the papers published reported good outcomes with several surgical techniques. However, most of the reports in the literature are retrospective in nature, reporting only small series with limited statistical merit. Through our analysis of the varying surgical techniques, we were able to identify the following suggestions: Conservative management should be performed with both urinary and fecal diversion, especially for simple fistulas. The transanal approach is an alternative approach for use in small simple fistulas as well as sealant glues. The transperineal approach has shown great results for complex fistulas in some series, but it also increases the risk for stress urinary incontinence. In some cases, the transsphincteric approach has been linked to fecal incontinence. Finally, the transabdominal approach in a robotic fashion may be a reliable technique. However, physicians must consider the high cost and the danger of invasion of the peritoneum before its use. As of yet there is still not enough evidence to determine which surgical techniques are best for the varying scenarios of RUF. However, one point remains true for every RUF case: surgical repairs should only be done by an expert, after proper patient selection, and with the intention of both achieving success in the first repair. In order to advance our understanding of RUF occurrences and treatment, larger prospective and randomized studies are needed.
Association between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Caregiver-Reported Dental Caries in Children.

Introduction:There is evidence that dental caries is both increased and decreased in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Objectives:This study examined the association between ASD and the ...
Genomic epidemiology and forensics of fungal pathogens

Abstract The unique biology and genetic makeup of fungi make them different from all other pathogens and necessitate a different approach to forensic and molecular epidemiologic investigations of fungal infections. Currently, only one fungal genus, Coccidioides, has ever been considered a possible bioterrorism threat, because of the relative ease with which this organism produces spores in the laboratory and the fact that it causes severe mycosis, and as such has been the focus of numerous genomic investigations. In addition, several other genera of fungi, such as Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, Fusarium and others, are also known for causing serious infections that affect thousands of people in the United States. In recent years, several other less-known fungal pathogens have been linked to deadly outbreaks, which triggered forensic epidemiologic responses. An infamous example is the 2012–13 multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis caused by the rare plant pathogen Exserohilum rostratum and associated with contaminated steroids produced by a single compounding pharmacy that killed 72 and sickened over 700 people. The forensic investigation of that outbreak was greatly enhanced by the use of genomic epidemiology. Recent advances in genotyping and next-generation sequencing are improving the fields of biodefense, public health, and mycological research in understanding the evolution and relatedness of fungal populations, knowledge of which is key to understanding fungal forensics and epidemiology.
A role for the locus coeruleus in the modulation of feeding

Noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC-NE) are known to play an important role in arousal, emotion, memory and cognition. In the present study, we use fiber photometry combined with chemogenetic and optogenetic approaches to demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for LC-NE neurons in the modulation of feeding. We show that endogenous activity of LC-NE neurons is enhanced while approaching food and suppressed during feeding. These changes in LC activity during feeding behavior are attenuated as mice approach satiety, demonstrating that nutritional state modulates LC responses to food. Direct activation of LC-NE neurons results in the suppression of feeding. Further, activation of an LC projection to the lateral hypothalamus also suppresses feeding. Together, these findings demonstrate a direct causal role for LC-NE activity in the modulation of feeding.
Abstract B49: Precision targeting of M2-like macrophages by the innate defense regulator RP-182 in pancreatic cancer and noncancerous diseases

Immunologically “cold” tumors are not responsive to current immunotherapies. The impact of T-cell activation with immune checkpoint inhibition or vaccines is limited in these cancers by a lack of intertumoral T cells or an “exhausted” T-cell phenotype, which are frequently induced by abundant immune-suppressive cues from intertumoral innate immune cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major cell population of the tumor microenvironment and play a key role in promoting tumor progression in many solid organ cancers. During cancer progression, tumoral and microenvironmental cues educate TAMs towards a M2-phenotype that nurtures cancer stem cells, accelerates metastasis, and confers resistance to chemotherapy. Current drug development efforts targeting TAMs primarily focus an unselective systemic inhibition of macrophage recruitment to disease sites or modulation of their immuno-cytokine profile. RP-182 is a 10mer striapathic peptide with immunomodulatory function that was derived from a biophysical homology screen of carbohydrate recognition domain patterns and naturally occurring host defense peptides (HDP) and innate defense regulators (IDR). We demonstrate that RP-182 specifically and effectively binds to the mannose receptor MRC1/CD206 expressed on M2-like macrophages, induces a conformational switch of the receptor, and activates in human and murine M2-like macrophages a program of phagocytosis, autophagy, and apoptosis. In genetically engineered murine models of pancreas cancer RP-182 suppressed tumor growth, extended survival, and improved antitumor immunity, findings also seen in other syngeneic cancer models that include variety of murine and human (PDX) cancer models. RP-182 enhanced the effects of chemo- and immune checkpoint therapy. In conclusion, the RP-182 peptide depletes the immune-evasive M2 population of TAMs via engagement with the M2-specific lectin receptor CD206. This is associated with improved clinical outcome in transgenic mice with pancreas cancer. Similarly, RP-182 selectively reduces immune-suppressive M2-like macrophages, a finding also made in a noncancerous murine fibrosis model. Collectively, preclinical findings show that HDPs/IDRs derived from biophysical homology studies effectively reduce innate immune cell subpopulations with therapeutic merit in cancerous and nonmalignant diseases. Citation Format: Rushikesh Sable, Jesse Jaynes, Michael Ronzetti, Wendy Guzman, Zachary Knotts, Natalia de Val, Juan Morgan, Clayton Yates, Baljinnyam Bolormaa, Udo Rudloff. Precision targeting of M2-like macrophages by the innate defense regulator RP-182 in pancreatic cancer and noncancerous diseases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr B49.