cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Student-Performed Point-of-Care Ultrasound on Physician Diagnosis and Management of Patients in the Emergency Department.

Abstract Background Despite the increasing integration of ultrasound training into medical education, there is an inadequate body of research demonstrating the benefits and practicality of medical student–performed point-of-care ultrasound (SP-POCUS) in the clinical setting. Objectives The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects that SP-POCUS can have on physician diagnosis and management of patients in the emergency department, with a secondary purpose of evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of SP-POCUS. Methods SP-POCUS examinations were performed in the emergency department by medical students who completed year one of a 4-year medical school curriculum with integrated ultrasound training. Scans were evaluated by an emergency physician who then completed a survey to record any changes in diagnosis and management. Results A total of 641 scans were performed on the 482 patients enrolled in this study. SP-POCUS resulted in a change in management in 17.3% of scans performed. For 12.4% of scans, SP-POCUS discovered a new diagnosis. SP-POCUS reduced time to disposition 33.5% of the time. Because of SP-POCUS, physicians avoided ordering an additional imaging study for 53.0% of the scans performed. There was 94.7% physician agreement with SP-POCUS diagnosis. Conclusions This study showed that SP-POCUS is feasible and may potentially have a meaningful impact on physician diagnosis and management of patients in the emergency department. In addition, the implementation of SP-POCUS could serve as an ideal method of developing ultrasound skills in medical school while positively impacting patient care.
Formation of bioactive transformation products during glucocorticoid chlorination

Glucocorticoid (GC) release into the environment has led to widespread detection of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity in water resources that has been shown to persist throughout conventional and some advanced wastewater treatment processes. Here, we used high performance liquid chromatography, high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to explore the reaction of natural (cortisone, cortisol) and synthetic (prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone) GCs with free chlorine (HOCl) to simulate their fate during chemical disinfection of water and wastewater. Generally, GCs react slowly (t1/2 ∼ 7–200 h) with HOCl when compared to other steroid classes, but they yield complex mixtures of transformation products, with at times the majority of product mass comprising structurally identifiable and likely bioactive steroids. For example, we frequently observed chlorination at the C-9 position (e.g., 9-chloro-prednisone), a reaction known to increase GC activity 4-fold. We also identified reaction products in the adrenosterone family of androgens produced via cleavage of the C-17 side-chain on many GCs. Another common transformation pathway was the conversion of endogenous GCs to their more potent synthetic analogs via oxidation at the C-1/C-2 positions, with unsaturation reported to increase GR activity 4-fold (e.g., cortisol to prednisolone). Despite identification of such products, in vitro assays generally suggest GR activity decreases with extent of parent decay during chlorination. Cortisol was the exception, with GR activity only decreasing 2-fold in product mixtures (based on measured EC50 values) despite a 95% reduction in parent concentration, a result attributable to formation of the more potent prednisolone during chlorination. Furthermore, our assay likely underestimates product bioactivity as it did not account for the activity of several identified GC byproducts that first require in vivo activation via C-11 reduction, nor did it consider androgen receptor (AR) activity associated with byproducts from the adrenosterone family. To avoid formation of product mixtures with conserved bioactivity, advanced chemical oxidation processes may represent a more promising approach; we show that GCs react much more rapidly with ozone (t1/2 ∼ 0.4–1.3 min) and produce no observable UV-active products. This suggests disruption of the GC conjugated π-electron and ring systems, thereby likely mitigating biological activity.
Neonatal Presentations of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a variable, rapidly expanding group of genetic metabolic disorders. Glycosylation is fundamental to the processing of proteins and lipids, and as such, disorders in these pathways can cause multisystemic effects. Symptoms can be evident as early as the prenatal period and should be suspected in an infant with multisystemic disease. Biochemical screening and confirmatory molecular genetic tests are available; however, their sensitivity is imperfect and some patients are now being diagnosed by whole exome sequencing. Early diagnosis is important, because treatment options are available for some subtypes.
Regenerative Polymeric Coatings Enabled by Pressure Responsive Surface Valves

Protective coatings safeguard the underlying substrate material from environmental attack and are critical for operating in harsh conditions. Self-healing materials have been developed for the autonomous repair of damage in coatings. This work demonstrates a regenerative coating system that is a simplified synthetic analog of skin. A protective UV curable coating reforms with properties identical to the native coating after complete removal. An integrated surface valve prevents premature curing of healing agent contained within a vascular substrate prior to damage-triggered release, facilitating recovery from repeat damage. The protective coating reforms when exposed to simulated sunlight.
Methodological Artifacts in Subception Research: A Reply to Chun and Sarbin

The analysis and alternative method of controlling for response effects offered by Chun and Sarbin in their critique of the Lazarus and McCleary subception experiment are wholly fallacious, and the experiment they report, although interesting, is quite irrelevant as a test of the empirical phenomenon of subception. The logical-methodological issues involved and the data reported are analyzed.
Interval-based memory reclamation

In this paper we present interval-based reclamation (IBR), a new approach to safe reclamation of disconnected memory blocks in nonblocking concurrent data structures. Safe reclamation is a difficult problem: a thread, before freeing a block, must ensure that no other threads are accessing that block; the required synchronization tends to be expensive. In contrast with epoch-based reclamation, in which threads reserve all blocks created after a certain time, or pointer-based reclamation (e.g., hazard pointers), in which threads reserve individual blocks, IBR allows a thread to reserve all blocks known to have existed in a bounded interval of time. By comparing a thread's reserved interval with the lifetime of a detached but not yet reclaimed block, the system can determine if the block is safe to free. Like hazard pointers, IBR avoids the possibility that a single stalled thread may reserve an unbounded number of blocks; unlike hazard pointers, it avoids a memory fence on most pointer-following operations. It also avoids the need to explicitly "unreserve" a no-longer-needed pointer. We describe three specific IBR schemes (one with several variants) that trade off performance, applicability, and space requirements. IBR requires no special hardware or OS support. In experiments with data structure microbenchmarks, it also compares favorably (in both time and space) to other state-of-the-art approaches, making it an attractive alternative for libraries of concurrent data structures.
Gender Differences in the Association Between Alcohol Use and Sedentary Behavior Among Adults.

Purpose:We examined differences in the association between alcohol use and sedentary behavior by gender among adults.Design:Cross-sectional study that employs a complex, multistage stratified proba...
A case study and a meta-analysis of seasonal variation in fish mercury concentrations

Mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems is a concern due to health risks of consuming fish. Fish mercury concentrations are highly variable and influenced by a range of environmental factors. However, seasonal variation in mercury levels are typically overlooked when monitoring fish mercury concentrations, establishing consumption advisories, or creating accumulation models. Temporal variation in sampling could bias mercury concentration estimates of accumulation potential. Thus, the objectives of this study were to first evaluate seasonal variation of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) axial muscle mercury concentration from two Iowa, USA impoundments. Second, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate if seasonal variation in mercury concentration is dependent upon mean mercury concentration, waterbody type, or fish trophic level or mean length. Largemouth bass were collected four times between May and October (24–36 fish per month) from Twelve Mile (2013) and Red Haw (2014) lakes. Largemouth bass axial muscle mercury concentrations were variable within and between lakes, ranging from undetectable ( < 0.05 mg/kg) to 0.54 mg/kg. Largemouth bass mercury concentrations were similar across months in Twelve Mile but varied temporally in Red Haw and were highest in July, intermediate in May and September, and lowest during October. Results of the meta-analysis suggest that seasonal variation in mercury concentrations is more likely to occur as mean mercury concentration of the population increases but is unrelated to waterbody type, trophic status, and fish size. Understanding seasonal variation in fish mercury concentrations will aid in the development of standardized sampling programs for long-term monitoring programs and fish consumption advisories.
Chronic Wasting Disease

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease of free-ranging and farmed ungulates (deer, elk, and moose) in North America and South Korea. First described by the late E.S. Williams and colleagues in northern Colorado and southern Wyoming in the 1970s, CWD has increased tremendously both in numerical and geographical distribution, reaching prevalence rates as high as 50% in free-ranging and >90% in captive deer herds in certain areas of USA and Canada. CWD is certainly the most contagious prion infection, with significant horizontal transmission of infectious prions by, e.g., urine, feces, and saliva. Dissemination and persistence of infectivity in the environment combined with the appearance in wild-living and migrating animals make CWD presently uncontrollable, and pose extreme challenges to wild-life disease management. Whereas CWD is extremely transmissible among cervids, its trans-species transmission seems to be restricted, although the possible involvement of rodent and carnivore species in environmental transmission has not been fully evaluated. Whether or not CWD has zoonotic potential as had Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has yet to be answered. Of note, variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) was only detected because clinical presentation and age of patients were significantly different from classical CJD. Along with further understanding of the molecular biology and pathology of CWD, its transmissibility and species restrictions and development of methods for preclinical diagnosis and intervention will be crucial for effective containment of this highly contagious prion disease.
Efficient high-precision CCD-field lens alignment and integration process of mass-produced fast astronomical spectrograph cameras with VIRUS as an example

Spectrographs in high-multiplex fiber integral-field spectroscopy tend to have fast large field-of-view camera systems in order to meet the desire of packing as many spatial elements and wide a spectral bandpass as possible, thereby maximizing the use of detector real estate. This, very often, leads to a camera design with a field flattening lens very close to the detector active area with tight tolerances in the relative alignment between those two, on the order of a few hundredths of a degree and millimeter. This requires dedicated optical metrology process, particularly in cases where a large number of spectrographs, on the order of 100 or more, need to be accurately and reliably aligned and integrated. We have developed such a metrology process for the 156 camera systems in the VIRUS instrument. We detail the working principle of this metrology process, the implementation for the VIRUS camera systems, and how it can be applicable to multi-lens camera system alignment and integration.
Complete Dopant Substitution by Spinodal Decomposition in Mn-Doped Two-Dimensional CsPbCl3 Nanoplatelets

The introduction of dopants plays a key role in the physical properties of semiconductors for optoelectronic applications. However, doping is generally challenging for nanocrystals (NCs), especially for two-dimensional (2D) NCs, due to the self-annealing effect and high surface energies required for dopant addition. Here, we report an efficient doping strategy for Mn-doped 2D CsPbCl3 (i.e., Mn:CsPbCl3) nanoplatelets (NPLs) through a postsynthetic solvothermal process. While the original lightly doped 2D Mn:CsPbCl3 NPLs were obtained from growth doping, higher Mn doping efficiencies were achieved through diffusion doping under pressure-mediated solvothermal conditions, resulting in enhanced Mn photoluminescence (PL). Surprisingly, a new CsMnCl3 phase with complete dopant substitution by spinodal decomposition was observed with extended solvothermal treatment, which is confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption fine structure, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Compared with Mn:CsPbCl3 NPLs,...
Systematic review and meta-analysis of community pharmacy error rates in the USA: 1993-2015.

Importance While much is known about hospital pharmacy error rates in the USA, comparatively little is known about community pharmacy dispensing error rates. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the rate of community pharmacy dispensing errors in the USA. Methods English language, peer-reviewed observational and interventional studies that reported community pharmacy dispensing error rates in the USA from January 1993 to December 2015 were identified in 10 bibliographic databases and topic-relevant grey literature. Studies with a denominator reflecting the total number of prescriptions in the sample were necessary for inclusion in the meta-analysis. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate an aggregate community pharmacy dispensing error rate. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic prior to analysis. Results The search yielded a total of 8490 records, of which 11 articles were included in the systematic review. Two articles did not have adequate data components to be included in the meta-analysis. Dispensing error rates ranged from 0.00003% (43/1 420 091) to 55% (55/100). The meta-analysis included 1 461 128 prescriptions. The overall community pharmacy dispensing error rate was estimated to be 0.015 (95% CI 0.014 to 0.018); however, significant heterogeneity was observed across studies (I2=99.6). Stratification by study error identification methodology was found to have a significant impact on dispensing error rate (p Conclusion and relevance There are few published articles that describe community pharmacy dispensing error rates in the USA. Thus, there is limited information about the current rate of community pharmacy dispensing errors. A robust investigation is needed to assess dispensing error rates in the USA to assess the nature and magnitude of the problem and establish prevention strategies.
Walking the Way: Transforming Being in Transit

In an age in which the distance between states, nations, and continents is often informally measured by the time that it takes to fly from one to another, I will begin with a mode of transit that now seems increasingly and hopelessly quaint, namely, walking. The first part of my essay will be comparative and intercultural in nature, bringing two thinkers from East Asia (the early Daoist Zhuangzi and the great Kamakura Period Zen master Eihei Dōgen) into dialogue with three western thinkers (Thoreau, Muir, and Nietzsche). After working out a complex but mutually illuminating description of walking as a practice of being and thinking, I will then attempt to bring my encomium on peripatetic practice to bear upon our contemporary age of flight. It is not my intent to be a reactionary Luddite. Rather I hope to show how walking illumines both the pitfalls and the ecstatic possibilities of our new “being in transit.”
The effects of experimental design on mating preferences and reproductive isolation in killifish

Bluefin killifish mate preference is best detected using mating behaviors, such as the number of courting bouts or the number of eggs produced with a mate. Using these measurements, we found that female bluefin killifish that co-occur with a close evolutionary relative have stronger mate preferences for their own species than their male counterparts, and even show increased mate preference for individuals from their own population.
Path Tracing and Vote Counting.

path. He always travels in the most direct fashion (moving down or to the right, in our diagram), but disliking repetition, he tries to avoid taking the same route twice. How many mornings will it take him to travel every possible path from to Q ex actly once? Problem 2. In an election, the winner receives A votes and the loser receives votes. Assuming the votes are counted one at a time, what is the probability that the winner is leading after each vote is counted?
The Black Esophagus in the Renal Transplant Patient

Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) is an uncommon disease characterized by gastrointestinal bleeding and endoscopic findings of circumferential black-colored necrosis of the distal esophagus. Patients at risk include elderly males over the age of 65, who typically have multiple chronic medical issues including vascular disease and diabetes. Mortality is reported to be 32%. Here, we present a case of AEN in a renal transplant patient and describe potential inciting factors such as immunosuppression and opportunistic diseases.
Similar, Different or Somewhere in Between? The Police Officer and Citizen Views on Police Misconduct

This study examined if the police and citizen views of police misconduct are similar, different, or somewhere in between with the three sets of survey data: the Klockars (Police corruption in thirty agencies in the United States, 1997. ICPSR version. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1999) data, the data administered to police officers from 2009 to 2010 in Texas, and the student survey data collected from 2013 to 2017 at the three 4-year public universities located in Midwestern and Southern regions of the United States. Results showed that the views of police officers were similar but also different on certain misconduct by their rank. Middle- and high-rank officers seem to share some common ground on assessments of police misconduct, but their views were significantly different from the views of line officers. Interestingly, line officers’ perceptions of the seriousness of police misconduct were somewhat similar to the views of university students. However, their perceptions of police misconduct differed by their academic majors, CJ majors vs. non-CJ majors. The results demonstrated the existence of a significant gap in the assessments of police misconduct provided by students and police officers.
Consuelo Triviño narra las vicisitudes de los inmigrantes colombianos en España

Entrevista con la escritora colombiana Consuelo Trivino sobre su novela mas reciente, Transterrados (2018), que explora la vida de colombianos inmigrados en Espana. Interview with the Colombian Author Consuelo Trivino about her recent novel Transterrados (2018), a book that explores the lives of Colombian immigrants in Spain.
Low-Cost Open-Source Solution to Optimize Emergency Medical Services in Developing Communities by Tracking, Dispatching, and Simulating

Cloud-based technology can optimize logistical operations of emergency medical services (EMS) for health-care providers in developing communities. However, existing products are financially inaccessible for health-care organizations with limited resources. This paper describes our joint efforts with the Red Cross of Tijuana (RCT), the primary medical aid provider in Tijuana, Mexico, to improve the management and delivery of their emergency services. The RCT is primarily funded by donations and operates less than 20 ambulances to support around 2 million people. This paper presents an open-source, cloud-based solution to conduct ambulance tracking, dispatching, and regional simulation. This work was developed as a collaboration between the RCT and the Global TIES program from the University of California San Diego. Goals for the project include ease of adoption and low maintenance costs to lower the barrier of entry for under-resourced healthcare organizations. Our project enables dispatchers to monitor and dispatch ambulances in real time. Time-sensitive data such as location are transmitted instantaneously and saved for future analysis. We aim to expand the usage of these tools to a worldwide scale and improve access to healthcare for millions of people in the developing world.
User-friendly computer programs so econometricians can run the a priori procedure

In the 2019 special issue of Econometrics on significance testing and alternatives, Trafimow (2019) provided an alternative, termed the a priori procedure (APP). The APP involves finding the necessary sample size to meet prior specifications for precision and confidence and Trafimow reviewed equations for performing the APP. But the Trafimow article is limited in two important ways. Most important, the crucial equations must be solved by iteration, thereby rendering them impractical without the aid of relevant programming. The present work addresses the limitation by providing links to user-friendly programs, along with instructions, so even researchers unsophisticated in mathematics or statistics can use the APP. An additional limitation is that the APP bears a surface resemblance to power analysis. Although Trafimow had explained qualitatively why the APP and power analysis differ, there were no quantitative demonstrations. In contrast, the present article provides quantitative demonstrations to increase the clarity of the distinction. A conclusion that comes out of the quantitative demonstrations is that power analysis, as it is conventionally used, causes researchers to use insufficient sample sizes; an ironic conclusion as an important reason for researchers to perform power analyses is to address the problem of insufficient sample sizes. Thus, the present work is a follow-up piece to the previous Econometrics article because it addresses two important limitations of that article.
Patient with progressive chest pain and dyspnea after aortic valve replacement

A 45-year-old man presented to the emergency department (ED) with progressive chest pain and dyspnea 3 months after aortic valve replacement. He had been evaluated by his primary care physician and cardiologist and no diagnosis had been made. On arrival, the emergency physicians performed point-of-care ultrasonography, which showed a large hypoechoic collection compressing the right ventricle. This prompted further workup, including a computed tomography of the chest, which revealed a large fluid collection in the anterior mediastinum. Subsequently, cardiothoracic surgery was consulted and the patient was taken to the operating room for a sternal washout with evacuation of the collection.
Introduction to Electrochemical Energy Storage

Among the various methods that can be used for the storage of energy that are discussed in this text, electrochemical methods, involving what are generally called batteries, deserve the most attention. They can be used for a very wide range of applications, from assisting the very large scale electrical grid down to tiny portable devices used for many purposes. Battery-powered computers, phones, music players, etc. are everywhere, and one of the currently hot topics involves the use of batteries in the propulsion of vehicles, hybrid autos, plug-in hybrids, and fully electric types.
Bras for Breast Support After Sternotomy: Patient Satisfaction and Wear Compliance.

Background For women undergoing median sternotomy, especially those with a bra cup size C or larger, breast support can reduce pain, wound breakdown, and infection. This study addressed a gap in research, identifying the best bra after sternotomy in terms of patient satisfaction and wear compliance. Objectives To evaluate larger-breasted women's satisfaction and compliance with wearing 3 commercially available front-closure bras-with a hook-loop closure (the hospital's standard of care), a zipper closure, or a hook-eye closure-after cardiac surgery. Methods This study used a posttest-only, 3-group randomized controlled design. A convenience sample of participants were sized and randomly assigned a product that was placed immediately postoperatively. Participants agreed to wear the bra at least 20 h/d until the provider cleared them for less wear. At inpatient day 5 or discharge, and at the follow-up outpatient visit, subjects completed investigator-developed surveys. Data were analyzed from 60 participants by using the χ2 test and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance; also, patterns were identified within written comments. Results Participants were most satisfied with the hook-eye front-closure product before (P = .05) and after (P = .02) discharge. Participants recommended the hook-eye and zipper products over the hook-loop bra (H = 8.39, P = .02). Wear compliance was strongest in the group wearing the hook-eye bra. Conclusions The hook-eye closure product had the most satisfaction and greatest wear compliance, and it received the highest recommendation. A practice change was made to fit and place the hook-eye bra in the operating room immediately after surgery.
The Generators, Relations And Type Of The Backelin Semigroup

We present an explicit minimal set of generators for the defining ideal of the family of Backelin semigroups and find its Betti numbers. In particular, we compute the type of the semigroup as well,...
Market Conditions for Impact Investments as a Subsidiary of the Social Finance Model

In this paper, the author presents an overview of the development of socially oriented impact investing in country-specific markets as a development of the social finance model. This analysis focuses on socially responsible investing (SRI) or impact investing, which has experienced continuous growth in certain countries, including European (UK, particular Scandinavian) and US markets. The equity of social impact mutual fund markets has grown both in the number of funds and in the differentiation of the securities under the social finance model. Despite the fact that socially responsible investments or impact investments still lack a uniform definition under social finance, it mainly refers to investments that emphasize social/ecological/ethical value over monetary return. In the academic literature, it is not clear whether the behavior of impact investors will be sustainable toward the social finance paradigm, as their investment decision about the monetary return should be motivated by their economic behavior. The author analyzes the economic conditions of the capital market that provide long-term institutional support for socially oriented investments.
Overestimating coastal urban resilience: The groundwater problem

Abstract Climate vulnerability assessments of coastal cities rarely include groundwater flooding induced by sea level rise. Unlike surface flooding from tides or storm surge, groundwater flooding is not prevented by seawalls. In cities where the underlying geology is relatively impermeable, groundwater can be drained and pumped over floodwalls as a defensive measure, as is done in the Netherlands. In areas where the underlying geology is highly permeable, managed retreat may be the only practical option. Considering the impacts of groundwater flooding is essential to improving urban vulnerability assessments and formulating realistic resilience strategies.
Power Supply Noise-Aware At-Speed Delay Fault Testing of Monolithic 3-D ICs

Monolithic 3-D (M3-D) integration is an emerging technology that offers significant power, performance, and area benefits for an integrated circuit (IC) design. However, a problem with the 3-D power distribution network in such ICs is that it can lead to high power supply noise (PSN) during the capture cycles in at-speed scan testing for transition delay faults. Therefore, the failure of good chips (i.e., yield loss) resulting from the PSN-induced voltage droop is a major concern for M3-D designs. In this article, we first assess the PSN and voltage droop problems and their impact on path delays for at-speed testing of benchmark M3-D designs. Next, we present an analysis framework to identify test patterns that are most likely to lead to yield loss. We describe a test-pattern reshaping solution based on integer linear programming to make appropriate changes to the test patterns that cause yield loss. Simulation results for four M3-D benchmarks highlight the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Kraken: Adaptive Container Provisioning for Deploying Dynamic DAGs in Serverless Platforms

The growing popularity of microservices has led to the proliferation of online cloud service-based applications, which are typically modelled as Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) comprising of tens to hundreds of microservices. The vast majority of these applications are user-facing, and hence, have stringent SLO requirements. Serverless functions, having short resource provisioning times and instant scalability, are suitable candidates for developing such latency-critical applications. However, existing serverless providers are unaware of the workflow characteristics of application DAGs, leading to container over-provisioning in many cases. This is further exacerbated in the case of dynamic DAGs, where the function chain for an application is not known a priori. Motivated by these observations, we propose Kraken, a workflow-aware resource management framework that minimizes the number of containers provisioned for an application DAG while ensuring SLO-compliance. We design and implement Kraken on OpenFaaS and evaluate it on a multi-node Kubernetes-managed cluster. Our extensive experimental evaluation using DeathStarbench workload suite and real-world traces demonstrates that Kraken spawns up to 76% fewer containers, thereby improving container utilization and saving cluster-wide energy by up to 4x and 48%, respectively, when compared to state-of-the art schedulers employed in serverless platforms.
Speech Materials and Instrumentation

To a certain extent recording of speech samples and analysis of exemplars depends on the quality and contents of the material prepared for experiments. Therefore, preparing speech materials seems an important part of the research methodology. For this particular case study, various texts have been prepared in Standard Hindi using devnagri script, including the words or phrases commonly found in telephonic interception of criminal acts. Later, these prepared texts were transliterated into each dialect chosen for the study considering the accent as well as the uses.
Shoulder function following reconstruction with the supraclavicular artery island flap.

Objectives/Hypothesis The supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) is a pedicled fasciocutaneous flap used for head and neck reconstruction. In recent years, its use has significantly increased as a result of several advantageous characteristics, including pliability, an excellent color and texture match, ability to reconstruct a variety of skin and aerodigestive tract defects, and short harvest times. Clinical experience suggests that donor site complications are relatively infrequent and typically self-limiting, and there have been no documented cases of prolonged or permanent shoulder dysfunction. However, formal studies have not been performed to assess this outcome. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of SCAIF flap harvest on postoperative shoulder strength and flexibility. Study Design Prospective cohort pilot study. Methods Data was gathered prospectively during routine follow-up and surveillance. The Penn Shoulder Score and Constant Shoulder Scale were used to measure subjective and objective outcomes. Physical therapists performed testing for strength and flexibility. Results Ten patients were evaluated from January to July, 2013. Subjective self-reporting of shoulder function and satisfaction was good to excellent in most patients. The majority of patients demonstrated limitations in range of motion for one or more shoulder movements. Muscle strength was preserved postoperatively. Conclusion Harvest of the SCAIF appears to have limited postoperative morbidity. Postoperative shoulder strength and function appears to be very good; however, some limitation of range of motion was observed. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 124:2478–2483, 2014
Isolation and Characterization of Actinomyces propionicus

Three cultures of Actinomyces have been identified as Actinomyces propionicus. Two of these strains are recent isolates, one, 427, from a case of cervico-facial actinomycosis, and one, 439, from a case of lacrimal canaliculitis. The third strain, 346, was described by F. Lentze as A. israelii serological type II. These three strains were compared with the type strain of A. propionicus ATTC 14157 and with known strains of five other Actinomyces species. Morphologically and biochemically the three new cultures of A. propionicus were identical with the type strain but closely resembled A. israelii. In serological tests making use of fluorescent antibody, all four A. propionicus strains gave negative results with antisera for A. israelii, A. bovis, A. naeslundii, and A. eriksonii, but gave positive results with antisera for A. propionicus 14157 and strain 346. The A. propionicus antisera did not stain other Actinomyces species. A. propionicus contains diaminopimelic acid (DAP) in its cell wall and produces propionic acid from glucose. All three new isolates were shown to contain DAP and to produce propionic acid. By use of the presence of DAP in the cell wall and serological tests as the differential criteria, the three cultures described in the report were specifically identified as A. propionicus.
A Movement Approach to Teaching Folk Dance

(1981). A Movement Approach to Teaching Folk Dance. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 52, No. 6, pp. 54-57.
A Review of “Uncle Sam Wants You: World War I and the Making of the Modern American Citizen”

In Uncle Sam Wants You, Christopher Capozzola, associate professor of history at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, argues that, during World War I, the US “wartime state, especially as it ...
Genome packaging in viruses

Genome packaging is a fundamental process in a viral life cycle. Many viruses assemble preformed capsids into which the genomic material is subsequently packaged. These viruses use a packaging motor protein that is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP to condense the nucleic acids into a confined space. How these motor proteins package viral genomes had been poorly understood until recently, when a few X-ray crystal structures and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures became available. Here we discuss various aspects of genome packaging and compare the mechanisms proposed for packaging motors on the basis of structural information.
A circuit for the limitation of discharge in G-M counters☆

Abstract A simple two tube feedback arrangement to limit the discharge in a counter to a small segment of its length subsequently restoring all but a small portion of the tube to full sensitivity in about a microsecond, has been achieved. The procedure results in a marked reduction in dead-time, and a correspondingly large increase in life. For example, a 20-cm. counter may be operated at a rate of 20,000 counts per second with a loss no greater than that normally encountered at 1000 counts per second. Counting rate data are given along with studies of the discharge distribution with and without the cut-off procedure. Alteration in the dead-time picture is illustrated by oscillograms.
Blood loss during radical retropubic prostatectomy: relationship to morphologic features on preoperative endorectal magnetic resonance imaging

Objectives. To determine whether morphologic features at preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are related to intraoperative blood loss during radical retropubic prostatectomy. Methods. Endorectal MRI was performed in 143 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer before radical retropubic prostatectomy. Two independent readers rated the prominence of the periprostatic veins (on the basis of number and size) at four anatomic sites on a 3-point scale. Other features analyzed were prostate volume and interspinous diameter. Results. A prominence of the anterior and posterior apical periprostatic veins was positively associated with blood loss (correlation coefficient = 0.22 and 0.17 and P <0.01 and <0.05, respectively). Blood loss was not related to prostate volume (correlation coefficient = 0.02, P = 0.8) or interspinous diameter (correlation coefficient = 0.01, P = 0.9). The site-specific scores of both readers demonstrated positive agreement, with Pearson’s correlation coefficients of 0.51 to 0.65 (P <0.01). Conclusions. A marked prominence of the apical periprostatic veins on preoperative MRI is associated with greater intraoperative blood loss during radical retropubic prostatectomy. Other morphologic factors appear unrelated to the amount of intraoperative blood loss.
Creativity: An interdisciplinary perspective

Abstract A number of research traditions have contributed to an emerging picture of creative individuals, processes, and achievements. Psychometric instruments have documented the absence of correlations, above a threshold, between measured intelligence and creativity; computer simulations and “on‐line” studies of human subjects indicate that creative problem solving draws on the same information‐processing skills as everyday problem solving; case studies reveal that creative individ‐uals pursue a network of interrelated enterprises over the course of their productive lives and that most creative insights emerge gradually. Creative individuals exemplify a predictable set of personality traits and are motivated chiefly by intrinsic factors. Sociological and historiometric approaches document the conditions under which creative products are likely to emerge within a given society, and neurobiological perspectives suggest that certain neural structures and processes may be particularly associated with creati...
Intussusception following jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity: report of a case.

A man who had undergone jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity had cramping abdominal pains for which no cause could be found, despite repeated clinical examinations and numerous investigations. Only during anesthesia could the large mass formed by the intussusception be palpated. following reduction of the intussusception and refixing to the anterior abdominal wall, all symptoms abated.
Predicting peak kinematic and kinetic parameters from gait speed.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the predictability of the relationships between gait speed and common peak sagittal plane parameters in order to provide a set of reference parameter values. Design: Lower extremity biomechanical data were collected in 64 healthy adults while walking barefoot at his/her comfortable walking speed, then at self-selected fast, slow and very slow speeds. Twenty seven peak joint parameter values were plotted and regressed as a function of gait speed. Discussion: While most parameters change with increasing gait speed, in general, the kinetic parameters had better predictability than the kinematic parameters. Most of the power parameters were found to have a quadratic relationship with gait speed. Of the moment parameters, four had a linear relationship with gait speed, while four had a quadratic one. These relationships shown in the tables and graphs here can be used as a reference for ‘normal’ gait parameter values.
Complete Encasement of the Peroneal Tendons by the Peroneal Tubercle

The peroneal tubercle is an osseous structure on the lateral side of the calcaneus present in 90% of individuals. Hypertrophy of the peroneal tubercle resulting in stenosing peroneal tenosynovitis has been well described in the literature. Repair of this condition involves operative treatment to remove the hypertrophied peroneal tubercle and repair any resulting tendon pathology. The authors report a unique case of a hypertrophied peroneal tubercle with an associated tarsal coalition, resulting in complete bony encasement of the peroneal tendons. In this case, a 50-year-old white man presented with worsening bilateral foot and ankle pain for several years. On examination, he had fixed hindfoot varus and bilateral equinocavovarus feet. Magnetic resonance imaging and weight-bearing radiographs showed a calcaneonavicular coalition. Intraoperatively, the authors discovered complete bony encasement of the peroneal longus and brevis tendons. On examination, the peroneal longus and brevis were severely stenotic, with the peroneal brevis to the point of near laceration. This painful condition was repaired by takedown of the calcaneonavicular coalition, the peroneal tubercle was resected, and the peroneal tendons were freed from their bony encasement. Tenodesis of the peroneus brevis to longus was performed and the hindfoot varus was corrected with wedge osteotomy of the calcaneus. The patient reported excellent postoperative results. At 3 months postoperatively, he was pain-free and his calcaneal osteotomy was well healed. This case appears to be the first of its type to be reported in the literature. The details of the case are presented along with a review of the relevant literature.
Quantification of dopaminergic supersensitization using apomorphine-induced behavior in the mouse

Dose-response curves for apomorphine-induced behavior were determined in C57BL/6J mice with and without a 30 day treatment with 2.5 mg/kg/day haloperidol. The effect of the chronic neuroleptic, whether assessed by the dose-response curve for total ratings or by a multiple logistic method determining ED50's for transitions between individual stereotype ratings, was to shift the curve to the left by a factor of slightly less than 2. This estimate is considerably different from those using the rotational model and denervation as the supersensitizing stimulus. There was no indication of selective effects of the neuroleptic treatment on individual components of the behavioral response.
The utility of population-based surveys to describe the continuum of HIV services for key and general populations.

Monitoring the cascade or continuum of HIV services – ranging from outreach services to anti-retroviral treatment – has become increasingly important as the focus in prevention moves toward biomedical interventions, in particular, ‘Treatment as Prevention.’ The HIV continuum typically utilises clinic-based care and treatment monitoring data and helps identify gaps and inform programme improvements. This paper discusses the merits of a population-based survey-informed continuum of services. Surveys provide individual-level, population-based data by sampling persons both in and outside the continuum, which facilitate the estimation of population fractions, such as the proportion of people living with HIV in care, as well as the examination of determinants for being in or outside the continuum. Survey-informed cascades of services may especially benefit key populations at increased risk for HIV infection for who social marginalisation, criminalisation, and stigma result in barriers to access and retention in...
Some factors affecting tactile pattern recognition.

Tactile patterns were generated by means of a 6 × 24 array of vibrating pins. The ability of subjects to recognize these patterns presented to their fingertips was shown to be affected by a number of factors, including the display time of the pattern, the mode of generating the tactile patterns, the temporal relationship between the pattern to be identified and a masking stimulus, the type of masking stimulus, and temporal integration. Word recognition was also shown to be affected by some of these factors. Parallels are drawn between the factors that affect vibrotactile pattern recognition and visual pattern recognition
Dynamics and Noise Emission of Laser Induced Bubbles in a Vortical Flow Field

The sound produced by the collapse of discreet cavitation bubbles was examined. Laser-generated cavitation bubbles were produced in both a quiescent and a vortical flow. The sound produced by the collapse of the cavitation bubbles was recorded, and its spectral content was determined. It was found that the rise time of the sound pulse produced by the collapse of single, spherical cavitation bubbles in quiescent fluid exceeded that of the slew-rate of the hydrophone, which is consistent with previously published results. It was found that, as the collapsing bubbles were deformed by the vortical flow, the acoustic impulse of the bubbles was reduced. Collapsing non-spherical bubbles often created a sound pulse with a rise time that exceeded that of the hydrophone slew-rate, although the acoustic impulse created by the bubbles was influenced largely by the degree to which the bubbles became non-spherical before collapse. The noise produced by the growth of cavitation bubbles in the vortex core was not measurable. These results have implications for the interpretation of hydrodynamic cavitation noise.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Renal magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose of reviewCurrent magnetic resonance imaging systems allow the visualization of normal and diseased kidney, with exquisite resolution of renal structures. Dynamic contrast magnetic resonance imaging has the potential, unique among all noninvasive modalities, to differentiate diseases that aff
A Hadamard Inequality for the Second Immanant

Abstract Denote by H n the convex cone of n-by-n positive semi-definite hermitian matrices. Let d2 be the normalized immanant afforded by Sn and the partition (2, 1n−2). Then h(A) + (Δ − 1) det(A) ⩾ Δd2(A), AϵHn, where h(A) is the main diagonal product of A and Δ is approximately (n − 1) e .
Best Practice in School Speech Language Assessment: Using Early Intervention Results

This study investigated the degree to which a large urban inner city school district implemented the recommendations of an early intervention program that fed into its schools. Fifty-two African-American children who received early intervention services were followed through a parent questionnaire. Results showed that the assessment and identification information provided by the early intervention team was highly accurate. The recommendations from competent early intervention teams can be an effective assessment method for children entering school with speech/language delays.
A comparison of saline tolerance and sporulation in marine and clinical isolates of Allescheria boydii Shear.

Two marine and 14 clinical isolates ofA. boydii and its byssoid phase,M. apiospermum, were compared with respect to their saline tolerance, morphological development, and sporulation on various commercial and compounded media. Isolates from sea-water and human infections were morphologically alike, and possessed similar saline tolerance. Most strains had salinity optima near 9‰, about the salinity of blood. Only marine isolates fruited well on Sabouraud's dextrose agar and other routine mycological media. On a medium containing wood and sea-water, and few soluble organics, 12 strains formed mature ascocarps or synnemata, or both. Low nutrient level media containing wood or cellulosic paper, with or without sea-water, were recommended for the propagation and conservation of sporulating cultures of many saprobic Ascomycetes and synnematous Fungi Imperfecti.