cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fusion Materials Research and Neutron Activation

It is a pleasure to participate in the Fifth ASTM Euratom Conference on Reactor Dosimetry. This is my first opportunity to participate in one of the conferences, but I have been hearing most interesting stories of these conferences for some time, especially of the first meeting that took place in Europe in 1975, My colleagues in our laboratories brought back documentary evidence of the very creative time they had in their post-conference travels.
Photosensitizing drugs and their possible role in enhancing ocular toxicity. Parker Heath memorial lecture.

Abstract During the past decade there has been a considerable resurgence of interest in the photochemical effects of ultraviolet radiation capable of penetrating through the cornea (300–400 nm), on the intraocular tissues. The ocular lens and retina have received the most attention. The last few decades have also witnessed the development of a new therapeutic regimen, namely photomedicine (phototherapy), in which the patients are given known photosensitizing agents and exposed to nonionizing radiation (ultraviolet, and on occasion, visible radiation). Such therapy has caused some ocular side effects, which in most cases could have been prevented. Drugs that are known photosensitizers and are capable of intraocular penetration through the blood-aqueous and blood-retina barrier are discussed with respect to their known or potential photosensitizing and/or photoxic effects on intraocular tissues.
CYTOTOXINS OF SOME MARINE INVERTEBRATES

ABSTRACT The lower marine invertebrate phyla are a particularly rich source of new cytotoxins. Current investigations by several laboratories aimed at the characterization of these toxins and elucidation of their mechanisms of action upon model lipid and cell membrane systems are reviewed herein. The few toxins which have been purified sufficiently for such studies were found to interact with specific membrane lipids: (1) basic protein cytotoxins from the sea anemone Stoichactis and the nemertine Cerebratulus were inhibited by small amounts of sphingolipids, (2) phospholipase A's and a protein colytic factor from the nematocyst venom of the sea anemone Aiptaisia synergistically promoted cell lysis by attacking glycerophosphatides, and (3) the Metridium (sea anemone) cytotoxin and echinoderm saponins displayed high binding affinities for cholesterol. The cytolytic sequence activated by membrane-active cytotoxins consists of three major steps: (1) toxin binding to the cell membrane, (2) alteration of the membrane by the bound toxin, and (3) the release of cytoplasmic solutes. Techniques permitting concurrent measurement of both toxin binding and efficacy are crucial for analyzing cytolytic mechanisms. A bioassay method was used to measure the relative importance of these two parameters for understanding the large differences in the sensitivities of erythrocytes from six mammalian species to Stoichactis and Cerebratulus toxins. Liposomes prepared with pure lipids were useful for initially determining if a cytotoxin preferentially interacted with specific lipids and also for spectroscopic analyses of cytotoxic protein-membrane lipid interactions.
PAX6 Alone and Synergistically with PTEN Suppresses the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Glioblastoma Cells

1057 Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor. High expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) has been a hallmark of GBM. However, the regulation of VEGF expression in malignant gliomas is not well understood. We have previously reported that the transcription factor PAX6 suppresses the tumorigenecity of glioblastoma cells. In addition, there is a reverse correlation between the expression level of PAX6 and VEGF when human glioma tumors and the surrounding normal tissues were compared, suggesting that PAX6 might regulate VEGF expression. In this study, several techniques such as real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate if PAX6 regulates VEGF expression in glioma cell lines. Our results showed a significant reduction of VEGF expression in the PAX6 stable-transfected glioma cell line U251HF grown both in vitro and in subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. We further demonstrated in two glioma cell lines (U251HF and U87) that VEGF expression was markedly suppressed by adenoviral-mediated overexpression of PAX6, as well as PTEN. Interestingly, in cells when both genes were overexpressed together, VEGF expression was further suppressed. Co-immunoprecipitation identified the existence of physical association between PAX6 and PTEN in the situation where the enhanced suppression of VEGF expression occurred. This discovery revealed a novel mechanism underlying the tumor-suppression functions of both PAX6 and PTEN in malignant gliomas. Data from this study are consistent with our previous finding in which patients with malignant gliomas have significantly more favorable outcomes when their tumors have high PAX6 and PTEN expression levels compared to patients with low expression values for either or both genes.
Laparoscopic Approaches to Chronic Postoperative Inguinal Pain

Chronic postoperative inguinal pain refractory to medical management is a challenging condition with significant costs and impact on a patient’s quality of life and limited options for remediation and pain relief. Laparoscopic approaches to inguinal neurectomy are a valuable, highly effective adjunct in dealing with neuropathic postoperative inguinal pain. Safe and effective mesh removal may be facilitated by laparoscopic or hybrid techniques that allow for greater visualization and dissection of mesh from the posterior wall. Orchialgia may be improved with laparoscopic paravasal neurectomy. There is no one size fits all, as each approach needs to be tailored to the patient’s initial repair, pain symptoms and distribution, physical exam, imaging, and shared decision-making. A solid understanding of the anterior and posterior anatomy, mechanisms of injury, and laparoscopic and open routes to access pathology provides a broad range of options to tailor treatment and improve outcomes.
Enzymatic Transition States and Drug Design

Transition state theory teaches that chemically stable mimics of enzymatic transition states will bind tightly to their cognate enzymes. Kinetic isotope effects combined with computational quantum chemistry provides enzymatic transition state information with sufficient fidelity to design transition state analogues. Examples are selected from various stages of drug development to demonstrate the application of transition state theory, inhibitor design, physicochemical characterization of transition state analogues, and their progress in drug development.
Acute Hepatic Porphyrias: Review and Recent Progress

The acute hepatic porphyrias (AHPs) are a group of four inherited diseases of heme biosynthesis that present with episodic, acute neurovisceral symptoms. The four types are 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase deficiency porphyria, acute intermittent porphyria, hereditary coproporphyria, and variegate porphyria. Their diagnoses are often missed or delayed because the clinical symptoms mimic other more common disorders. Recent results indicate that acute intermittent porphyria, the most severe of the more common types of AHP, is more prevalent than previously thought, occurring in about 1 in 1600 Caucasians, but with low clinical penetrance (approximately 2%-3%). Here we provide an updated review of relevant literature and discuss recent and emerging advances in treatment of these disorders. Symptomatic attacks occur primarily in females between 14 and 45 years of age. AHP is diagnosed by finding significantly elevated levels of porphyrin precursors ALA and porphobilinogen in urine. Acute attacks should be treated promptly with intravenous heme therapy to avoid the development of potentially irreversible neurologic sequelae. All patients should be counseled about avoiding potential triggers for acute attacks and monitored regularly for the development of long-term complications. Their first-degree relatives should undergo targeted gene testing. Patients who suffer recurrent acute attacks can be particularly challenging to manage. Approximately 20% of patients with recurrent symptoms develop chronic and ongoing pain and other symptoms. We discuss newer treatment options in development, including small interfering RNA, to down-regulate ALA synthase-1 and/or wild-type messenger RNA of defective genes delivered selectively to hepatocytes for these patients. We expect that the newer treatments will diminish and perhaps obviate the need for liver transplantation as treatment of these inborn metabolic disorders.
The Role of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Thoracolumbar Compression Fractures.

Background Because of concerns about radiation exposure, some centers consider magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) the preferred imaging modality for pediatric thoracic and/or lumbar compression fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) and MRI in diagnosing thoracolumbar compression fractures and the utility of MRI in their management. Methods Retrospective review identified 52 patients aged 0 to 18 years with 191 thoracic and/or lumbar compression fractures who had both CT and MRI during the initial trauma evaluation. The decision to perform CT and/or MRI was made by the attending pediatric spine surgeon. In all cases the CT scan was performed before the MRI. All imaging studies were reviewed by a board-certified pediatric radiologist and attending pediatric spine surgeon. Results Only 10 patients (19%) had a single-level injury. Of 42 with multiple compression fractures, 34 (81%) had fractures in contiguous levels, and 8 had noncontiguous injuries. Comparing CT and MRI, there was complete agreement in the number and distribution of fractures in 23 patients (44%). MRI identified additional levels of fracture in 15 patients (29%); 14 (27%) had fewer levels fractured on MRI than CT. Only one patient (2%) had fractures seen on MRI after a normal CT scan. Complete correlation between CT and MRI was seen in 59% (17/29) of patients aged 11 to 18 years, compared with 26% (6/23) of patients younger than 11. Conclusions In pediatric patients with mild thoracic or lumbar compression fracture(s), CT scan demonstrates a high sensitivity in determining the presence or absence of a fracture compared with MRI. Although some variability exists between the 2 modalities in the exact number of spinal levels involved, the definitive treatment and outcome were not changed by the addition of MRI. The information that may be obtained from an MRI must be weighed against the increased time and expense of the study, as well as the risks associated with sedation when necessary. Level of evidence Level II-diagnostic study.
Antecedent North Pacific Jet Regimes Conducive to the Development of Continental U.S. Extreme Temperature Events during the Cool Season

AbstractThis study considers the development of continental U.S. extreme temperature events (ETEs) during the cool season (September–May), where extreme temperatures are defined in terms of percent...
Protein-Derived Acetaminophen-Cysteine Can Be Detected After Repeated Supratherapeutic Ingestion of Acetaminophen in the Absence of Hepatotoxicity.

Generation of protein-derived acetaminophen-cysteine (APAP-CYS) is reported after ingestion of large and therapeutic dosages of acetaminophen in healthy and in liver-damaged patients. The incidence of protein-derived APAP-CYS adducts in repeated supratherapeutic dosages of APAP is not known. Methods: for 12 months, a standardized and comprehensive questionnaire was used to interview every consecutive patient at a pain management clinic. Patients found to ingest more than 4 g of APAP per day for a minimum of 14 consecutive days at the time of the encounter were invited to have blood drawn for hepatic transaminases and APAP-CYS adduct levels. Twelve subjects out of 990 interviewees met inclusion criteria. Ten of the 12 had measurable protein-derived APAP-CYS, none had evidence of liver injury. Patients that ingest repeated supratherapeutic amounts of APAP over several weeks may generate APAP-CYS protein adducts in the absence of hepatic injury.
Scattering Theory in Many-Body Quantum Systems. Analyticity of the Scattered Matrix

The aim of this paper is to formulate the result on and discuss the proof of the analytic properties of the S-matrix for the many-body quantum scattering. On a way to it we review the basic mathematical results and important methods of the many-body scattering theory. The statements are formulated and explained carefully and the proofs are outlined in sufficient detail to give a complete picture of the methods used. Complete proofs together with a rigorous discussion of related questions can be found in a paper of the author [21].
Toward Data Discovery in Dynamic Smart City Applications

A smart city leverages the IoT capabilities to ensure the well-being of the inhabitants and their activities in the city. IoT based data collection and data analytics are the fundamental technologies to achieve the goal. Due to the wide varieties of environment conditions and activities that are to be monitored for the urban environment, a large number of sensors of all sorts are deployed across the city and the number of different data streams collected from these sensors can be tremendous. At the same time, different analysis tasks and dynamic queries may be issued and, correspondingly, the relevant data need to be efficiently discovered, retrieved, and analyzed in order to provide the desired answers. As can be seen, how to manage all the IoT data streams to facilitate data discovery can be highly challenging. In this paper, we discuss a set of scenarios to show the importance of data management and discovery in the smart city environment. Then, we present a semantic model for smart city data specification to facilitate data discovery. Finally, we discuss an edge-centric architecture and the data discovery approach for enabling efficient and effective dynamic smart city data analytics.
A Defense of First-Personal Phenomenological Experience: Responses to Sticker and Saunders

In this paper, I respond to questions Sticker and Saunders raise about integrating third-personal interactions within my phenomenological first-personal account of moral obligatedness. Sticker argues that third-personal interactions are more central for grounding moral obligatedness than I admit. Saunders turns things around and suggests we might not even be able to access third-personal interactions with others at the level one would need to in order to secure proper moral interactions with them. I argue in response that both these challenges misunderstand something about my phenomenological first-personal account of the grounding of moral obligation. Sticker assumes that I make absolutely no room for third-personal interactions as important for morality, but that is not the case. And Saunders assumes that first-, second- and third-personal interactions demand phenomenological access to oneself and others as transcendentally free, but I deny that claim. I will consider each of these challenges in turn.
Prescription Drugs and the US Workforce: Results from a National Safety Council Survey.

Background The cost of chronic pain in the United States is extremely high. Opioids are one of the most common medications prescribed for the treatment of chronic pain, and their misuse and addiction have been of concern. It has been found that opioids are frequently abused and negatively impact the American workforce. Objectives The objective of this study was to obtain data on US employers' concerns and priorities, perceptions of prescription drug abuse, perceived impact of prescription drug use on the workplace, identification of and response to drug abuse, perceived ability to handle prescription drug abuse in the workplace, and workplace initiatives, employee assistance programs, employee drug testing, workplace prescription drug training, insurance coverage of alternative treatment, and overall preparedness to deal with the issue. Study design This research used an employer proprietary questionnaire created by members of the National Safety Council in cooperation with market research experts at B2B International. Setting Employers surveyed via an online survey represent diverse industries and geographical areas. Methods The research was conducted using a proprietary questionnaire. Participants were recruited from a sample of verified panelists through Research Now, and fieldwork was conducted online by B2B International. This report is on 501 interviews that each represent a US employer with 50 or more employees. The employers sampled are extremely diverse in not only size and industry, but also geography and centralization. Results Our results showed that 67% of employers reported concerns related to prescription drug misuse, which was comparable to workplace violence and more concerning than the use of illegal drugs. Sixty-one percent reported concerns related to prescription opioids, which was a higher concern than using anti-anxiety medications, stimulants, and even heroin. Limitations Survey study with descriptive analysis with limited sample. Conclusions Prescription drug misuse and abuse concern American employers. Their side effects are clear, but employers are less likely to acknowledge their detrimental business effect. Employers report being unprepared for dealing with issues related to this; however, the firms with programs in place feel more prepared to deal with misuse and abuse. Key words Prescription drugs, US workforce, chronic pain.
Microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in the house fly (Musca domestica L.): Biochemical changes associated with pyrethroid resistance and phenobarbital induction

Abstract Differences in the microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system and its inducibility by sodium phenobarbital (PB) were investigated in insecticide-susceptible (S+) and pyrethroid-resistant (LPR) house fly strains. In comparison to the S+ strain, LPR had higher levels of total cytochrome P450s, cytochrome b 5 , NADPH-cytochrome c (P450) reductase, and six monooxygenase activities: aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylation (AHH), aldrin epoxidation (AE), 7-ethoxycoumarin O -deethylation (ECOD), p -chloro- N -methylaniline N -demethylation (PCMA), ethoxyresorufin O -deethylation (EROD), and methoxyresorufin O -demethylation (MROD). The largest differences between strains were noted for MROD (64×) and EROD (56×) activities, and these appeared to be correlated with the monooxygenase-mediated pyrethroid resistance in the LPR strain. Comparisons between susceptible and resistant strains by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed that the LPR strain showed a marked increase in the 54,400-Da protein band, suggesting this may be a cytochrome P450 isozyme involved in conferring part of the monooxygenase-mediated pyrethroid resistance. In vivo administration of 0.25% PB in sugar water to S+ flies induced higher levels of three components of the microsomal monooxygenase system, as well as increased levels of all six monooxygenase activities. In contrast, PB treatment had no significant effect on the level of cytochrome P450 or on EROD, AHH, or AE activity in LPR flies. Additionally, PB caused a decrease in the level of cytochrome b 5 and MROD and PCMA activities, while ECOD activity and the level of NADPH-cytochrome c (P450) reductase were significantly increased. SDS-PAGE indicated that induction of S+ flies with PB caused an increase in at least seven proteins with apparent molecular masses of 47,400; 49,400; 51,500; 52,200; 54,400; 56,000; and 57,500 Da. However, no observable difference was noted in PB-induced LPR flies. Differences in monooxygenase activities, in conjunction with the changes in turnover numbers of ECOD and AE activities in S+ flies and ECOD and MROD activities in LPR flies, suggest that PB treatment induced both quantitative and qualitative changes in the S+ and LPR cytochrome P450 monooxygenases.
ARTHROSCOPIC SHOULDER STABILIZATION IN HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL PLAYERS: RECURRENT INSTABILITY WITH RETURN TO CONTACT SPORT:

Background:The etiology of recurrent shoulder instability after arthroscopic surgery in the high school American football population remains unknown.Purpose/Hypothesis:To determine the risk of recu...
Of Heroes and Cowards.

Of Heroes and Cowards The same viral fear that has now widely metastasized throughout public life has engulfed our hospital hallways. It’s a fear that dominates my every conversation and punctuates...
The Thatcherite Bildungsroman

In 1987, Margaret Thatcher said ‘there is no such thing as society’. If the classic Bildungsroman moves toward integration into the social order, how does the genre register the British 1980s’ valo...
COVID-19 Precipitating Euglycaemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis with SGLT2 Inhibitor Use.

Objective To describe a patient who developed euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in the setting of SGLT2 inhibitor use precipitated by COVID-19. Patient and methods A 52-year-old male with type II diabetes on empagliflozin and no history of DKA presented with symptoms of COVID-19 as well as laboratory findings consistent with euglycaemic DKA. His hospital course was complicated by recurrent episodes of euglycaemic DKA as well as hyperglycaemic DKA. Conclusion SGLT2 inhibitors should be held as early as possible in COVID-19 cases due to the risk of euglycaemic DKA. These patients should also have more intense glucose monitoring. Learning points COVID-19 can precipitate euglycaemic DKA in diabetic patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors.Clinicians should be cognizant that the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors can persist for more than 72 hours after the last dose.Diabetic patients with COVID-19 require closer strict glucose monitoring to reduce the risk of DKA.
Th17 cells provide direct protective effects that limit stomach parasite burden following orogastric mucosal Trypanosoma cruzi infection

Abstract Trypanosoma cruzi is the intracellular parasite of Chagas disease, a chronic condition characterized by cardiac and gastrointestinal morbidity. Protective immunity requires CD4+ T cells, and Th1 cells and IFN-γ are important players in host defense. More recently, Th17 cells and IL-17 have been shown to exert protective functions in systemic T. cruzi infection. However, it remains unclear whether Th17 cells and IL-17A protect against mucosal infection, which is an important cause of human outbreaks. We found that IL-17RA knock-out (KO) mice are highly susceptible to orogastric infection, indicating an important function for this cytokine in mucosal immunity to T. cruzi. To investigate the specific role of Th17 cells for mucosal immunity, we reconstituted RAG1 KO mice with T. cruzi-specific T cell receptor transgenic Th17 cells prior to orogastric T. cruzi challenges. We found that Th17 cells provided protection against gastric mucosal T. cruzi infection, indicated by significantly lower stomach parasite burdens. In vitro macrophage infection assays revealed that protection by Th17 cells is reversed with IL-17A neutralization or loss of macrophage NADPH oxidase activity. Consistent with this, in vivo, mice lacking functional NADPH oxidase were not protected by Th17 cell transfer. These data are the first report that Th17 cells protect against mucosal T. cruzi infection, and identify a novel protective mechanism involving the induction of NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages by IL-17A. These studies provide important insights for Chagas vaccine development, and more broadly, increase our understanding of the diverse roles of Th17 cells in host defense.
The Role of Mentoring and Tutoring

Mentoring and tutoring are vital components to the personal and professional development of any young physician. For IMGs, these roles are exceptionally important as they face more complex barriers and challenges when integrating into a new healthcare system and often a new culture.
Understanding Traditional Chinese Law in Practice: The Implementation of Criminal Law in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD)

UNDERSTANDING TRADITIONAL CHINESE LAW IN PRACTICE: The Implementation of Criminal Law in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) Norman P. Ho * Abstract The Tang dynasty (618-907 AD) is regarded as one of China’s most powerful and cosmopolitan dynasties. Its numerous achievements in the areas of literature, culture, economic development, and empire-building have influenced subsequent dynasties. The area of legal development is also not an exception. The Tang Code, a penal code which was promulgat- ed in its finalized form in 653 AD and is the oldest imperial Chinese legal code to survive to the present-day in its entirety, is regarded as an apex in the development of traditional Chinese law. Indeed, the Tang Code served as a model penal code for later Chinese dynasties, and the philosophical spirit animating some its provisions continues to influence modern Chi- nese criminal law today. Given the importance of the Tang Code and the Tang dynasty more generally, it is not surprising that much has been written about the Tang Code and Tang law. Most scholarship, however, has tended to focus on the history of codification and, more specifically, the Tang Code itself. For example, most scholarship has studied its various provisions, the philosophical bases and justifications behind its various provisions, and so forth. Less research has been dedicated to actually understanding how the Tang Code was implemented and applied in society and to answer ques- tions such as whether the application of justice (as mandated by provisions of the Tang Code) was applied consistently. Drawing on and introducing various selected historical sources (many of which have never been trans- lated to English), this article attempts to address these questions and to discuss the implementation of law in traditional China as viewed through * Assistant Professor of Law, Peking University School of Transnational Law. I would like to thank my colleagues at the Peking University School of Transnational Law and the National University of Singapore Faculty of Law for their helpful com- ments. Many thanks especially to Professor Andrew Harding of the National Univer- sity of Singapore Faculty of Law for his invitation to present the research reflected in this article at the Center for Asian Legal Studies of the National University of Singa- pore. (Contact: nph225@nyu.edu) © 2015 Norman P. Ho. All rights reserved.
The dark side of transparency in developing countries: The link between financial reporting practices and corruption

Abstract This paper examines the impact of financial reporting practices on corruption obstacles for about 150,000 firms across 143 mostly developing countries from 2006 to 2019. We document a strong positive relationship between the production of audited financial statements (AFS) and corruption obstacles (CO) faced by the firm. We argue that in a corrupt business environment, rent-seeking bureaucrats use the credible financial information to optimize their bribe demands. Our baseline results remain robust after addressing endogeneity concerns. We further show that country-level institutional quality has a moderating effect on the AFS-CO relation. The evidence from surveying entrepreneurs also provides qualitative support for our empirical findings. Our study sheds light on a previously under-explored adverse consequence of transparency - exposure to corrupt bureaucrats where institutions are weak.
OutFin, a multi-device and multi-modal dataset for outdoor localization based on the fingerprinting approach

In recent years, fingerprint-based positioning has gained researchers' attention since it is a promising alternative to the Global Navigation Satellite System and cellular network-based localization in urban areas. Despite this, the lack of publicly available datasets that researchers can use to develop, evaluate, and compare fingerprint-based positioning solutions constitutes a high entry barrier for studies. As an effort to overcome this barrier and foster new research efforts, this paper presents OutFin, a novel dataset of outdoor location fingerprints that were collected using two different smartphones. OutFin is comprised of diverse data types such as WiFi, Bluetooth, and cellular signal strengths, in addition to measurements from various sensors including the magnetometer, accelerometer, gyroscope, barometer, and ambient light sensor. The collection area spanned four dispersed sites with a total of 122 reference points. Each site is different in terms of its visibility to the Global Navigation Satellite System and reference points' number, arrangement, and spacing. Before OutFin was made available to the public, several experiments were conducted to validate its technical quality.
Miller-Fisher Syndrome (MFS) with Delayed Bilateral Facial Nerve Palsy: Imaging and Electrodiagnostic Findings, Treatment and Outcome (2789)

Objective: Report the unusual MRI brain findings and outcome after treatment with maintenance dose of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in MFS with a delayed bilateral facial nerve palsy. Background: MFS is defined by the clinical triad of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and areflexia. There is limited data on the efficacy of repeated doses of IVIG and imaging characteristics in MFS with a delayed bilateral facial nerve palsies. Design/Methods: 20 year-old African American female presented with a four day history of left eyelid heaviness, horizontal diplopia, and gait instability. Examination was significant for dysarthria, near complete ophthalmoplegia, upper and lower extremity hyperesthesia, intraoral hyperesthesia, arreflexia, and ataxia. Cerebrospinal fluid studies demonstrated elevated protein (60 mg/dL), no nucleated cells, and glucose of 61 mg/dL. She was diagnosed with MFS and underwent treatment with IVIG 2g/kg. On day ten, she developed right sided facial droop, which quickly progressed to near total facial paralysis bilaterally, despite her presenting symptoms improving. MRI brain revealed enhancement of cranial nerves III and VII bilaterally. The patient was subsequently treated with maintenance IVIG 1g/kg every four weeks after the initial loading dose. GQ1B antibody titers on days three and ninety-one demonstrated titers of 1:12800 and 1:300, respectively. Serial facial nerve conduction studies on days one, fourteen, and seventy-five revealed normal, absent, and near normal responses, respectively. Clinically, the patient had near complete recovery in eighty-five days of her initial symptoms. Results: The patient demonstrated delayed onset of bilateral facial nerve palsies with corresponding MRI findings of enhancement of multiple cranial nerves. Conclusions: Delayed onset facial nerve palsy in MFS with corresponding MRI brain findings has been reported previously. However, MRI brain in our case demonstrated demyelination not only in bilateral facial, but also bilateral oculomotor nerves. There was a correlation of clinical improvement with GQ1B antibody titers. Disclosure: Dr. Port has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mehrabyan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lin has nothing to disclose.
Behind the Legend: A New and Comprehensive Biography of Charles Todd

In 2017 a new biography, Behind the Legend - The Many Worlds of Charles Todd, by Denis Cryle, was published. The biography seeks to provide a more complete understanding of Charles Todd beyond the single achievement for which he became most famous – the building of the Overland Telegraph Line linking Darwin and Adelaide in 1872. The biography lives up to its promise and sets out in considerable detail the contribution that Todd made in many fields during his long lifetime and period of public service. Those fields include astronomy, meteorology, telegraphy, telecommunications more generally, public administration, and contribution to the processes of federal coordination and cooperation. Todd’s fame and legacy have been heavily bound up with the construction of the Overland Telegraph Line. As Cryle notes, he was dubbed ‘Telegraph Todd’ by the media of the day. It is the stated purpose of Cryle’s biography to do justice to Todd across the full range of his achievements. I think that Cryle succeeds admirably. He has written an engaging book that is thoroughly researched and referenced. It will appeal both to historians and to the general reader without expertise in any of the scientific or technical fields inhabited by Todd.
The Self-efficacy for Parenting Adolescents Scale: Development and Initial Validation

Adolescence can be a difficult developmental period for children and their parents. During this time, parents need to develop new skills, and their perceived self-efficacy for parenting their adolescent may decrease. However, few measures exist that assess self-efficacy for parenting adolescents, and of those that do, none have been demonstrated to be psychometrically sound. The purpose of this study was to develop the Self-Efficacy for Parenting Adolescents Scale (SEPA), a measure that assesses confidence in enacting behaviors representative of successful adolescent parenting. A preliminary version of the self-efficacy scale was developed in Study 1, which was completed by 305 parents of adolescents. An EFA was conducted and a four-factor model with reduced items was recommended. In Study 2, a CFA was conducted on a revised version of SEPA which provided further support for a four-factor model and initial evidence of convergent and incremental validity. We conclude that SEPA is a promising new measure for assessing self-efficacy for parenting adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18.
Holding pharmacy educators accountable in the wake of the anti-racism movement: A call to action.

Abstract Introduction The recent murders of Black Americans has forced our society to reevaluate how the various systems in our nation view race and to attempt to dismantle and rebuild the structures that reinforce and perpetuate racial group inequity. Perspective Cultural awareness education has been broadly integrated into pharmacy curricula across the country to comply with accreditation standards. Health disparities are currently addressed in the context of race and ethnicity but lack the connection to racism. Cultural awareness education should focus more on racism and its impact on healthcare. Implications In order to properly address racism in cultural awareness education, there has to be a deliberate curricular integration of anti-racism education addressing historical factors that have set the foundation of structural racism in this country. The current manifestations and impact on healthcare can be connected to this history. As a primary influencer of one of the most accessible healthcare professionals, pharmacy educators are at the forefront to educate and equip the next generation to strive for health equity in the context of racism.
Pathogenesis of Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity

The effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics on the kidneys has been the subject of considerable interest, not only because of its clinical importance,(1) but also because of the useful acute renal failure model produced by these compounds. Although the pathogenesis of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity remains incompletely defined, the work of numerous investigators has produced much information from a variety of diverse sources. The contributions of pharmacologists, physiologists, biochemists, pathologists, and clinicians provide a framework that should encourage further investigations of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in particular, and the pathogenesis of acute renal failure in general.
Biological constraints on instrumental and classical conditioning: implications for general process theory

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the empirical and theoretical analyses of the phenomena that have taken place because of the issue of biological constraints. Recent studies of biological constraints on instrumental and classic conditioning have stimulated the modifications of previously accepted ideas about learning. They have greatly increased the range of factors that are considered to be relevant to predicting learning in various situations. However, such studies have not required abandonment of the pursuit of general theories of learning. Recent experiments discussed in the chapter illustrate that a detailed empirical investigation of a biological constraint on learning often leads to the formulation of new general principles of behavior. Although positive reinforcement is remarkably effective in increasing the probability of a variety of responses, notable exceptions to this general rule have been evident from the inception of research on instrumental conditioning. Some of the most dramatic examples of constraints on instrumental conditioning are found in avoidance learning. Depending on the kind of response that is required to prevent aversive stimulation, avoidance learning may occur very rapidly, at an intermediate rate, or very slowly.
Definition of Programming Language Semantics Using Grammars for Hierarchical Graphs

machine states and state transitions. An H-graph that represents the state of an abstract machine during execution of a program in a high-level programming language may contain thousands of nodes and hundreds of graphs. For example, HAL/S is a complex high-level language similar to PL/I with extensions for real-time programming. The HAL/S abstract machine contains 19 top-level nodes representing the various system data structures required for control of program execution, such as queues of active and waiting processes, stacks of activation records, lists of inputoutput channels, etc. Thus most of these top-level nodes contain graphs whose nodes themselves represent complex structures, such as processes, each modeled by many further levels of graph structure. All of the modeling power of H-graphs must be used to provide an intelligible, analyzable model of such a complex machine state. The situation is made more difficult by the fact that each step in program execution results in a transformation of the state H-graph, and program execution may involve thousands of execution steps. Most of the analysis that one wishes to do of the abstract machine involves
Islamic Fundamentalism as a Signifier of the Sixth Phase of Globalization

This article examines Islamic fundamentalism through a historical perspective on globalization offered by Roland Robertson, the theory of Islamic fundamentalism and its relation to the involvement of youth in Indonesia. In theory, Islamic fundamentalism is divided into two classifications. First is the "continuity and change", the development of fundamentalism in Islam is both continuity and change in Islamic history. The second theory is the "challenges and opportunities". The basic assumption of this theory is that the crisis in the modern Muslim world, accumulation social, political, and cultural are consider the main factors influence Islamic fundamentalism. Advanced technology in communications, information, and the country's transportation networks around the world; variety of shows, events, and the phenomenon will spread rapidly from one country to another.
The g-Factor Anomalies of the Electron and Positron

Since the last meeting of this conference four years ago there has been a great deal of progress on both the theoretical and experimental fronts of Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), particularly as related to the lepton g-factor anomalies (1). In this paper we will summarize the most recent work on the electron-positron anomalies and in addition we will try to assess the potential for future progress in the field.
Quercetin Glucosides Interact With the Intestinal Glucose Transport Pathway

Flavonols are efficient antioxidants with the potential to protect biological macromolecules from oxidative damage in vivo, and if absorbed into the circulation they may protect against cardiovascular disease. Although flavonol aglycones are present in foods at low concentrations, their glycosides are abundant in onions, apples, beans and tea, and are thought to be stable under the conditions of the human stomach and small bowel. There is, however, recent evidence to suggest that intact glycosides of quercetin may be absorbed from the small intestine by a mechanism involving the glucose transport pathway. In the present study we tested this hypothesis by measuring the effect of quercetin glycosides on the rate of efflux of galactose from the jejunal mucosa. Everted sacs of rat jejunum preloaded with 14C-galactose were exposed to quercetin glycosides isolated from onions. Quercetin mono- and diglucosides were shown to accelerate the carrier-mediated efflux of galactose via a sodium-dependent pathway. HPLC analysis confirmed the stability of the glycosides under conditions simulating those in the upper alimentary tract. These studies suggest that purified quercetin glucosides are capable of interacting with the sodium dependent glucose transport receptors in the mucosal epithelium and may therefore be absorbed by the small intestine in vivo.
Seeds of change: can replicating model projects work? [engineering education]

Many new initiatives in engineering education are supported, if not prompted, by the National Science Foundation and other funding organizations committed to improving the quality of programs and instruction developing the professionals involved in teaching and learning, and seeding new initiatives. These funding organizations support principal investigators as change agents, and generally would like to see that the initiatives they "seed" through grants are widely disseminated and replicated in other locations. Grant proposal guidelines often request proposed principal investigators to undertake activities to disseminate their work so that its effects will offer benefits more broadly than one individual's students, classroom, or institution. After thoughtful design, peer review, success in funding competitions, implementation, formative evaluation, improvements, and summative evaluation, many successful initiatives in engineering education should theoretically be able to be widely adopted by others in new locations. But can such replication be deliberately planned and encouraged, or is it exclusively dependent upon the serendipity of ensuring that program descriptions and results reach the right people at the right time? Using the example of "Partners in Engineering Problem Solving," (PEPS) an experimental program funded by the National Science Foundation, this paper and discussion considers to what extent planned replication is possible, and what factors appear to support or inhibit such replication.
Email shape analysis

Email has become an integral part of everyday life. Without a second thought we receive bills, bank statements, and sales promotions all to our inbox. Each email has hidden features that can be extracted. In this paper, we present a new mechanism to characterize an email without using content or context called Email Shape Analysis. We explore the applications of the email shape by carrying out a case study; botnet detection and two possible applications: spam filtering, and social-context based finger printing. Our in-depth analysis of botnet detection leads to very high accuracy of tracing templates and spam campaigns. However, when it comes to spam filtering we do not propose new method but rather a complementing method to the already high accuracy Bayesian spam filter. We also look at its ability to classify individual senders in personal email inbox's.
Rap1A is a substrate for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in human neutrophils

The Ras-related protein, Rap1B, has previously been shown to serve as a PKA substrate in vitro and to be phosphorylated by cAMP elevating agents in human platelets. We have purified a Rap1 protein that serves as a PKA substrate from human neutrophils, and we now identify this protein as Rap1A. A 23-kDa protein that co-migrated with recombinant Rap1A was phosphorylated in electroporated human neutrophils upon stimulation by cAMP in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP. This protein could be immunoprecipitated by the Rap1A/B-specific antibody, R61. The 23-kDa phosphoprotein was monitored during the purification of Rap1 from neutrophil membrane extracts and was shown to copurify with Rap1 during the DEAE Sephacel, heptylamine Sepharose, and MonoQ chromatography steps utilized. The purified protein was phosphorylated to an extent of 1 mol phosphate/mol GTP gamma S bound. This protein was identified as Rap1A by: 1) amino acid sequence analysis; and 2) immunoblotting with a Rap1A-specific antibody. The amino acid phosphorylated on Rap1A by PKA was a serine residue. The site of phosphorylation was indicated by carboxypeptidase digestion and confirmed using a mutant recombinant Rap1A lacking the relevant serine (serine-180). Rap1A, not Rap1B, appears to be the major 23-kDa PKA substrate in human neutrophils. It is possible that Rap1A plays a role in human neutrophils in mediating the inhibitory effects of cAMP-elevating agents upon chemoattractant-stimulated cell activation.
Other movement disorders

Drug-induced movement disorders remain a common and under-recognized problem. Blockade of the dopaminergic system results in multiple syndromes and will be the main focus of this discussion. These syndromes are often referred to as extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE) and include tardive dyskinesia, acute dystonic reactions, akathisia, drug-induced parkinsonism and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (Figure 6.1). Serotonin syndrome and drug-induced tremor are also briefly discussed.
Cardiovascular disease in the very elderly

Clinical and necropsy observations are described in 40 patients (29 women) aged 90 years and older. The majority (21 patients [57%]) died during the 4 coldest months, and 12 (30%), during the 4 warmest months. At necropsy, 39 had ≥1 major cardiac abnormalities, the most frequent being calcific deposits in the major epicardial coronary arteries in 37 (92%). In 28 patients (70%), 1 or more of the 4 major arteries was narrowed 76 to 100% in cross-sectional area (XSA) by atherosclerotic plaques, an average of 1.9/4.0 per patient: the 12 patients with clinical events compatible with myocardial ischemia (angina pectoris or myocardial infarction) had an average of 2.2/4 and the other 28 patients an average of 1.0/4.0. In 36 patients, a histologic section was examined from each 5 mm long segment from each of the 4 major coronary arteries: of the 1,789 segments, only 6 ( Calcific deposits were present in ≥1 aortic valve cusps in 22 patients (55%), causing aortic valve stenosis in 2, and in the mitral anulus in 19 (47%), probably causing mitral valve stenosis in 1. Amyloid deposits were present in the heart in at least 9 patients; they were grossly visible and caused fatal cardiac dysfunction in 4, and microscopically visible only in 5, causing no cardiac dysfunction. Eight patients (20%) had chronic congestive heart failure; 27 of 39 (69%) had either a history of systemic hypertension or blood pressure >140/90 mm Hg during their final year of life. Precordial murmurs were recorded in 25 (62%) patients—systolic only in 24 and both systolic and diastolic in 1. Data from electrocardiograms were available in 30 patients: 12 (40%) had atrial fibrillation; 12 (40%), abnormal axis; 12, complete bundle branch block; 1, criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (despite increased cardiac mass in 67%); and 1, low voltage. All patients had fairly extensive atherosclerosis of the aorta, with aneurysmal formation in 5 with fatal rupture in 3. Five had strokes, which were fatal in 4. At least 5 had leg claudication. Two had massive pulmonary emboli superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thus, cardiovascular disease was present at necropsy in 39 of our 40 patients, but frequently it was not diagnosed clinically.