cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Manipulation of Translation as a Therapeutic Target for Chronic Pain

Dysfunction in regulation of mRNA translation is an increasingly recognized characteristic of many diseases and disorders, including cancer, diabetes, autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, and chronic pain. Approximately 50 million adults in the United States experience chronic pain. This economic burden is greater than annual costs associated with heart disease, cancer, and diabetes combined. Treatment options for chronic pain are inadequately efficacious and riddled with adverse side effects. There is thus an urgent unmet need for novel approaches to treating chronic pain. Sensitization of neurons along the nociceptive pathway causes chronic pain states driving symptoms that include spontaneous pain and mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. More than a decade of preclinical research demonstrates that translational mechanisms regulate the changes in gene expression that are required for ongoing sensitization of nociceptive sensory neurons. This review will describe how key translation regulation signaling pathways, including the integrated stress response, mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinases, impact the translation of different subsets of mRNAs. We then place these mechanisms of translation regulation in the context of chronic pain states, evaluate currently available therapies, and examine the potential for developing novel drugs. Considering the large body of evidence now published in this area, we propose that pharmacologically manipulating specific aspects of the translational machinery may reverse key neuronal phenotypic changes causing different chronic pain conditions. Therapeutics targeting these pathways could eventually be first-line drugs used to treat chronic pain disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Translational mechanisms regulating protein synthesis underlie phenotypic changes in the sensory nervous system that drive chronic pain states. This review highlights regulatory mechanisms that control translation initiation and how to exploit them in treating persistent pain conditions. We explore the role of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin and mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinase inhibitors and AMPK activators in alleviating pain hypersensitivity. Modulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α phosphorylation is also discussed as a potential therapy. Targeting specific translation regulation mechanisms may reverse changes in neuronal hyperexcitability associated with painful conditions.
ArCode: A Tool for Supporting Comprehension and Implementation of Architectural Concerns

Integrated development environments (IDE) play an important role in supporting developers during program comprehension and completion. Many of these supportive features focus on low-level programming and debugging activities. Unfortunately, there is less support in understanding and implementing architectural concerns in the form of patterns, tactics and/or other concerns. In this paper we present ArCode, a tool designed as a plugin for a popular IDE, IntelliJ IDEA. ArCode is able to learn correct ways of using frameworks’ API to implement architectural concerns such as Authentication and Authorization from two sources, sample programs that practice the framework, and the byte code of that framework. Analyzing a program under development, this tool is able to find deviations from correct implementation and provide fix recommendations alongside with graphical demonstrations to better communicate the recommendations with the developers. We showcase how programmers can benefit from ArCode by providing an example of API misuse detection and API recommendation for a popular Java framework, Java Authentication and Authorization (JAAS) security framework.
Robotic Subtotal Cholecystectomy in a Geriatric Acute Care Surgery Patient with Super Obesity

Introduction. Unique challenges exist with conventional laparoscopic operations in patients with super obesity (BMI > 50). Limited literature is available regarding use of the robotic platform to treat patients with super obesity or acute care surgery patients. This case describes an interval robotic subtotal cholecystectomy in an elderly patient with super obesity and multiple comorbidities. Case Description. A 74-year-old male with a BMI of 59.9 developed acute cholecystitis. He was deemed excessively high risk for operative intervention due to concurrent comorbid conditions and underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy. After a few months, a cholangiogram demonstrated persistent cystic duct occlusion. The patient expressed interest in tube removal and elective interval cholecystectomy. After preoperative risk stratification and optimization, he underwent a robotic subtotal cholecystectomy with near infrared fluorescence cholangiography. The patient was discharged on postoperative day one and recovered without complications. Discussion. Obesity is a risk factor for acute cholecystitis, which is most commonly treated with conventional laparoscopy (CL). CL is technically restraining and difficult to perform in patients with super obesity. The body habitus of patients with super obesity can impair proper instrumentation and increase perioperative morbidity. In this case, robotic assisted cholecystectomy console improved surgeon ergonomics and provided support for proper instrumentation. Robotic, minimally invasive cholecystectomy approaches may reduce perioperative morbidity in patients with super obesity. Further studies are necessary to address the role of robotic surgery in acute care surgery patients with super obesity.
The Transport of Water in Erythrocytes

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the considerations of water movements of red blood cells, particularly to the explanation of existing experimental results. Investigations of the water permeability of the red blood cell not only have intrinsic value but have made substantial contributions to the understanding of the function and even the structure of the plasma membrane. These cells are also convenient biological material, easily available, and can be maintained in essentially in vivo conditions in vitro. Red blood cells have a small volume in relation to their water permeability, however, so that water exchanges are complete in several seconds at physiological temperatures. Therefore, special rapid-reaction apparatus is required to follow the volume changes of the cells. Although there are errors in the experimental techniques used to measure rapid exchanges across the red blood cell membrane, even with proper rapid-reaction techniques, the influence of such phenomena as unstirred layers outside or inside the membrane should not be great enough to influence the general conclusions. The unidirectional diffusion flux across the thin red blood cell membrane is so much greater than any net osmotic volume flux, yet produced so as to render experimentally undetectable at present any possible drag of volume flux on diffusing molecules. The overall results indicate that there is an exchange of momentum between water and water-soluble solutes within the membrane. At the same time, there is no unambiguous evidence for bulk flow, hydrodynamic flow, or the necessary presence of continuous water-filled channels in the membrane.
Fictions in Fiction: Henriette and Cécile in Michel Butor's A Change of Heart

While over time a novel stays the same, we, its readers, change. Ten years ago as a student, when I first wrote about Michel Butor's La Modification, 1957 (A Change of Heart) my paper differed greatly from the one that follows. In those days I enjoyed the optimism of having most of my career and personal life before me. I believed (as only someone who had written many essay exams on the subject could) that good men repeatedly face an existentially crazy world, and I was adept at keeping separate my feminist and non-feminist criticism. Leon Delmont, I wrote in that paper, dwells in a chaotic world off the train. During a journey between Paris and Rome, he bravely faces issues of values and life-style. He decides not to bring his Roman mistress, Cecile, to live with him in Paris and not to separate from his longtime wife, Henriette. Although I noted that Leon's decision seems to him "morally and psychologically healthy," I added—sorrowfully accepting Leon's view of his problem—that it condemns him "to what may be a dissatisfying existence in Paris with Henriette."
Solvent entropy effects in the formation of protein solid phases.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses solvent entropy effects in the formation of protein solid phases. Water, the native solvent for proteins and the one from which the formation of most solid phases of interest occurs, is often viewed as an inert medium holding the protein molecules. This chapter illustrates the opposing concept, that zooming in and tracking the water attached to the protein molecules in the solution and in the solid phases (crystal, polymer, amorphous and aggregate.) provide insight that may suggest novel means to control the protein phase transitions. Moreover, it is important to realize that the release, trapping, and rearrangement of the water also have a significant entropy effect. The sign of this effect may be positive— that is, entropy is gained that favors the phase transition or negative, indicating entropy loss that favors the free protein molecules in the solution. Finally, this chapter concludes by discussing the two types of interactions: the hydrophobic attraction that is enhanced by electrolytes in concentrations of the order of a few moles per lite and the hydration repulsion build-up of hydrated ions at the surface of the protein molecules.
Design of flexible layouts for manufacturing systems

In this paper, the authors address the problem of designing flexible plant layouts for manufacturing facilities where product demands are subject to variability. A flexible layout is one that maintains low material handling costs despite fluctuations in the product demand levels. The authors extend existing procedures for design of flexible layouts by: (1) explicitly capturing the stochastic nature of product demands and the resulting material variability in flows between different processing departments; (2) allowing for the possibility of multiple processing departments of the same type in the same facility; and (3) letting material flows between pairs of individual departments be determined simultaneously with the layout and as function of the demand scenarios. Optimal and heuristic methods are presented for generating flexible layouts and determining flow allocations under various design and operation assumptions.
MESOSCALE HETEROGENEITY OF FLUVIAL‐LACUSTRINE RESERVOIR ANALOGUES: EXAMPLES FROM THE EOCENE GREEN RIVER AND COLTON FORMATIONS, UINTA BASIN, UTAH, USA

The Eocene Uinta Basin of Utah is a dominantly lacustrine basin that affords the opportunity to survey analogue sandstone reservoirs developed within and adjacent to the lacustrine system. From its SW to NE margin, Eocene strata in the Uinta Basin record fluvial, deltaic, profundal lacustrine, and wave-dominated shallow-lacustrine environments. Of these depositional systems, analogue sandstone reservoirs are well-exposed in outcrop in the fluvial-deltaic and wave-dominated intervals. Field and petrographic examination of selected fluvial-lacustrine reservoir analogues are used to document the mesoscale facies architecture and heterogeneity. Complex depositional geometries and heterogeneity exist at a variety of scales, both within single subenvironments and between opposite sides of the basin. Three outcrops in the Uinta Basin were studied. Outcrops One and Two are located in the SW portion of the basin in Nine Mile Canyon, and represent the interface between fluvial rocks of the Colton Formation and dominantly lacustrine strata of the Green River Formation. Outcrop Three is located at Raven Ridge in the NE of the basin, a shallow wave-dominated lacustrine margin. Photomosaics and multiple vertical measured sections were described for each outcrop, and were utilized to document lithofacies assemblages, bounding surfaces, and sandbody architecture and heterogeneity. Sandstone samples from each outcrop were analyzed petrographically to capture the small-scale heterogeneity characteristic of the three outcrops. Sedimentary rocks at Outcrops One and Two consist of lenticular, tabular, or undulatory channel, distributary channel, and bar deposits that are partially to entirely compartmentalized, or encased, by mudstone units. These sandstone units, analogous to reservoir intervals in lacustrine basins, show various types of lateral and vertical connectivity which are dependent on the degree of amalgamation and the sand:mud ratio. Within these sandbodies, mud chip lags, large mud clast horizons, discontinuous finer-grained beds, accretion sets and amalgamation surfaces represent internal heterogeneity which could be expected to affect transmissibility in an actual reservoir. The complex geometry and heterogeneity characteristic of these reservoir analogues confirms the need for detailed reservoir characterization studies on all scales in order to improve production efficiency in such systems. Outcrop Three is dominated by tabular and laterally extensive offshore bar and sandsheet deposits which are separated by thick mudstone units. Large-scale heterogeneity is minimized within these reservoir analogues, in that sandbodies exhibit excellent lateral continuity and less complex amalgamation. Therefore, documentation of heterogeneity at the bed- and petrographic-scale is necessary to better address production potential in these types of reservoirs.
Influence of marine denitrification on atmospheric N2O variability during the Holocene

[1] Oceanic denitrification centers are thought to be important marine sources for atmospheric N 2 O. To consider Holocene variability in this source, we reconstruct the Holocene paleo-denitrification history of the Peru margin, a major marine denitrification center, using high-resolution sedimentary δ 15 N data. This record along with a contemporaneous one from the western Arabian Sea (Altabet et al., 2002) shows similarities with the recently available high-resolution atmospheric N 2 O record (Fliickiger et al., 2002). While the role of terrestrial processes in the observed N 2 O changes remains uncertain, these results suggest that variability in marine denitrification in major upwelling centers such as the Peru margin and the Arabian Sea contributed significantly to atmospheric N 2 O evolution during the Holocene.
Passing the Baton

On New Year’s Eve, the current editors of The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism will hand to our successors a publication that is more selective and disciplined; more useful, accessible, and responsive; and more attractive than ever before. Five years ago, we were inspired by the vision of my predecessor, John Bilezikian, who said, “JCEM will be the journal that every clinical endocrinologist must read every month.” With the support of our readers and authors, editorial board and reviewers, and The Society’s leadership and staff, we’ve made substantial changes in the Journal’s policies, process, and appearance to advance that mission. JCEM has become more selective—now accepting only one fourth of submitted papers and shedding 1000 pages of published material per year. Our goal has been to make every paper in the Journal novel and important to our readership. Our success has been reflected in this year’s substantial increase in our impact factor; our clear leadership in total 2008 citations among all endocrinology publications (see Fig. 1); and the Journal’s recognition as one of the “Top 100 Journals in Biology and Medicine.” JCEM has also become more disciplined with article word limits to encourage conciseness, three reviewers for more than 90% of submissions, a requirement for clinical trials registration, and more transparent conflict of interest disclosures. JCEM is more useful to our readership, with the addition of“TheEndocrinologyandMetabolismNews,”“Approach to the Patient,” and “Update” special features, and with peer reviewed publication of The Society’s clinical practice guidelines. We’ve solidified the Journal’s position as the first place to look for advances that will affect the direction of our discipline’s clinical science and practice. JCEM has become more accessible by implementing precis in our table of contents, structured abstracts, a listing-byinterest index, and an electronic edition that is now the manner in which the majority of our readers acquire our publications. The Journal has also become more responsive to its authors, who—believe it or not—were required to submit all papers electronically just 5 years ago, and who now receive a first decision with a mean 25 days and see their accepted work online within 1 month. And JCEM has become more attractive—slimmer, adorned with an enticing cover image, and sporting a
Prolonged symptom-free survival in a patient with persistent primary peritoneal carcinoma and a rising CA-125: a note of caution.

Abstract Background. The optimal management of patients with ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinomas who experience an elevation of the serum CA-125 antigen level following the completion of therapy, and who remain without other clinical evidence of recurrent/progressive disease, remains controversial. Case. A patient with primary peritoneal carcinoma cared for in the Gynecologic Cancer Program of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation has experienced prolonged symptom-free survival (>4 years) after a documented tripling of her persistently elevated postchemotherapy serum CA-125 without the reinstitution of cytotoxic therapy. Conclusion. This case emphasizes that caution must be exercised when electing to initiate second-line treatment solely on the basis of an abnormal tumor antigen level.
GROWTH-OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO RESTRICTIONS ON ASSET PRICING MODELS

We show that absence of arbitrage in frictionless markets implies a lower bound on the average of the logarithm of the reciprocal of the stochastic discount factor implicit in asset pricing models. The greatest lower bound for a given asset menu is the average continuously compounded return on its growth-optimal portfolio. We use this bound to evaluate the plausibility of various parametric asset pricing models to characterize financial market puzzles such as the equity premium puzzle and the risk-free rate puzzle. We show that the insights offered by the growth-optimal bounds differ substantially from those obtained by other nonparametric bounds.
Pressure drop predictions for laminar flows of extended modified power law fluids in rectangular ducts

Abstract This paper reports on a numerical study of the friction factor-modified Reynolds number product, f × ReM, for fully developed, laminar flows of pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids in rectangular ducts. Constitutive equations for the apparent viscosity that span from the low shear rate Newtonian region through the high shear rate Newtonian region were utilized, and a shear rate parameter was defined that determines the flow regime where the duct is operating. Numerical results for f × ReM in all flow regimes are included along with correlation equations. Errors associated with applying power law solutions to flows of weakly non-Newtonian fluids are discussed.
Postintubation tracheal stenosis in an 11‐year‐old boy: a surgical and anaesthetic challenge

We present a case of postintubation tracheal stenosis in an 11-year-old boy occurring after a relatively short period of intubation. He had been intubated and ventilated in a paediatric intensive care unit after a road traffic accident. Clinical symptoms manifested by oxygen desaturation and wheeziness, finally leading to deterioration of the level of consciousness, occurred a few hours after the first attempt at extubation after 48 h requiring reintubation. Endoscopic examination performed a few weeks later revealed a tracheal stenosis. Consequently, he underwent an initial period of conservative treatment consisting of balloon dilatation and intralesional injection of steroids, followed by a tracheal resection and reconstruction. The anaesthetic management of patients with tracheal stenosis presenting for laryngo-tracheobronchoscopy and balloon dilatation is discussed.
Mischoxidsysteme von lanthaniden und actiniden elementen III. Röntgen untersuchung im System Neptuniumoxid-Europiumoxid

Resume Von Mischoxidpraparaten mit bekanntem Gehalt an Neptunium- und Europiumoxid wurden rontgenographisch die Gitterkonstanten mit hoher Genauigkeit bestimmt. Im System Neptuniumoxid-Europiumoxid treten im Bereich 0–45 Mol% EuO 1.5 zwei Phasen, A und B, auf. Phase A, die kubisch im Fluoritgitter mit a 0 =5.432 A kristallisiert, ist NpO 2 . Phase B ist eine Mischoxidphase, die ebenfalls im Fluoritgitter kristallisiert und deren Gitterkonstante im Bereich 0–45 Mol % EuO 1.5 um ca. 0.005 A abnimmt. Der Homogenitatsbereich dieser Phase liegt bei 45–50 Mol% EuO 1.5 und verbreitert sich etwas mit steigender Temperatur. Oberhalb von 50 Mol% EuO 1.5 geht die Fluoritphase uber einen stark gittergestorten Zwischenbereich in den C-Typ des Eu 2 O 3 uber. Aus vergleichenden Betrachtungen der bei 50 Mol% EuO 1.5 vorliegenden Phasen (Eu 0.5 M 0.5 )O 2 mit M = Th , Pa, U, Np und Pu, die nunmehr luckenlos bekannt sind, werden Schlusse auf die Valenz der Aktinidenionen im Gitter gezogen. Im Falle des Neptuniums scheint die Valenz ≅ +5 vorzuliegen.
Self-pulsating and bistable VCSEL with controllable intracavity quantum-well saturable absorber

The authors report the first demonstration of a VCSEL with GHz-range self-pulsations using a quantum-well saturable absorber. Negative differential resistance in the saturable absorber was observed, which can lead to bistable operation or self-pulsations under a range of user-controlled conditions. Self-pulsation frequencies up to 2 GHz with an RF linewidth <10 MHz FWHM were measured.
Nonresponders to pharyngeal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea: insights from drug-induced sleep endoscopy

Objectives/Hypothesis To examine DISE findings in nonresponders to previous pharyngeal OSA surgery
Effects of hypercapnia on blood acid-base status, NaCl fluxes, and trans-gill potential in freshwater blue crabs,Callinectes sapidus

1. The time course of acid-base changes in the blood of blue crabs,Callinectes sapidus, in response to hypercapnia has been studied, along with changes in Na+ and Cl− fluxes and trans-gill electrical potentials. 2. Hypercapnia causes fairly severe respiratory acidosis, compensated gradually by an increase in blood HCO3− at constant\(P_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} } \). 3. During the first 2h of hypercapnia, there is a marked reduction in the influx of Na+ and Cl−, and no change in the efflux rates of either ion. 4. During the second 2h of hypercapnia, when active compensation begins to appear in the blood, the rates of Na+ and Cl− influx rise toward the resting rate, and there is a significant increase in the ratio of Na+ to Cl− uptake. 5. The reduction in ion influxes is not less when the pH change in the water due to hypercapnia is reduced with buffers, and does not appear to be related to the small change in trans-gill potential. 6. The significance of the flux changes is discussed in relation to the hypothesis that acid-base regulation is carried out mainly by the gills via Na+/H+ (or NH4+) and Cl−/OH− (or HCO3−) exchange mechanisms
Blocking two-level factorial experiments

Blocking is commonly used in experimental design to eliminate unwanted variation by creating more homogeneous conditions for experimental treatments within each block. While it has been a standard ...
Prevention strategies in child maltreatment.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Child maltreatment remains a prevalent problem for which notable best practices such as home visitation can be effective; however, most eligible families do not receive these beneficial services. Additionally, there are other promising prevention interventions to effectively address child maltreatment. This review focuses on the recent advances and strategies for child maltreatment prevention. RECENT FINDINGS: Although home visiting does not have a single clearly defined methodology of providing service to children and families, the general supportive framework to improve maternal, child, and family factors makes this intervention the most widely studied and accepted prevention strategy. However, there has been limited effectiveness for most models. The Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) has provided consistently positive results by targeting families with many risk factors by using highly trained professionals when implementing a research-based intervention. A promising public health approach to parent training (Triple P) may reduce maltreatment and out-of-home placement. Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), while a treatment model, is becoming an increasingly important approach to child maltreatment prevention. There may be an opportunity to reduce child maltreatment by enhancing care in the pediatric medical home setting. SUMMARY: Effective child maltreatment prevention efforts exist; however, not all programs provide the same effectiveness, or target the same maltreatment issues. Pediatricians are in a key position to offer support to families in their own practice, as well as to direct families to the appropriate resources available. Language: en
Restoration of DSCR1 to disomy in the trisomy 16 mouse model of down syndrome does not correct cardiac or craniofacial development anomalies

The Down syndrome critical region 1 (DSCR1) gene is located in syntenic regions of human chromosome 21 and mouse chromosome 16 and encodes a regulatory protein in the calcineurin/NFAT pathway. DSCR1 expression in the embryonic brain, craniofacial structures, and heart is consistent with a role in contributing to Down syndrome developmental anomalies. In the trisomy 16 (Ts16) murine model of Down syndrome, expression of DSCR1 isoforms is elevated and NFAT transcriptional activity is decreased in the developing heart and brain. The individual contribution of DSCR1 to Down syndrome-related anomalies was examined by specific restoration of DSCR1 to disomic levels in Ts16 embryos. However, genetic restoration of DSCR1 did not rescue major morphological abnormalities in cardiac or craniofacial development. These data demonstrate that trisomy of DSCR1 alone does not significantly contribute to developmental defects in Ts16 mice and underscore the complexity of developmental anomalies associated with Down syndrome.
Teaching as Highlighted by Mothering: A Narrative Inquiry

There is little research that investigates the relationship between mothering and teaching. Even less has been revealed about teaching and the mothering experience of women who are also teachers. Here we examine how the learning gained from teaching is highlighted and clarified by studying stories of mothering. By examining stories of motherhood, we observe the specific impact of mothering on teaching beliefs and how also being a mother profoundly influences teaching. Our stories reveal at least four recurring themes. Firstly, the stories explored moments of feeling inadequate, giving us the opportunity to question and evaluate our teaching and mothering. Secondly, our stories reveal our care toward students and therefore our vulnerability to students' willingness to learn. Thirdly, our stories show the great value that we place on building relationships with our students, with our children, and with each other. Lastly, the act of writing, reading, and sharing our stories helps us soften our hearts and al...
Effect of white noise on attention as a function of manifest anxiety.

The effect of white noise on attention-task performance was examined as a function of the manifest-anxiety level of 30 male undergraduates with concurrent physiological recordings made. Noise interacted with manifest anxiety on two of the four attention tasks such that Ss low in anxiety improved with noise while moderately anxious Ss deteriorated with noise and highly anxious Ss remained the same. Noise had no lasting effect on heart race, skin potential, or attentional performance in general, leading to the conclusion that noise may function either as a distractor or as a behavioral arouser. Some support was gained for the inverted-U hypothesis relating arousal to performance.
TUBELESS GASTRIC ANALYSIS AS A TOOL TO MEASURE GASTRIC SECRETORY ACTIVITY

Summary This report discusses the tubeless techniques available to evaluate the capability of the gastric mucosa to secrete acid, pepsinogens, and intrinsic factor. The presence of gastric acid can be determined by proper application of the azure A ion-exchange resin technique. Pepsinogen and intrinsic factor activity may be inferred from measurement of the urinary pepsinogens and the absorption of an oral dose of radioactive vitamin B12 with or without added intrinsic factor, respectively. A normal serum vitamin B12 level may be present in a patient with a recent failure of intrinsic factor secretion: however, a decreased level is suggestive of the absence of intrinsic factor in individuals who have no evidence for malabsorption. The value of the rapid charcoal method developed in Herbert's laboratory for measuring serum vitamin B12 is discussed. The results of the tubeless tests have clinical significance in the diagnosis of gastritis and vitamin B12 deficiency, in the management of a patient with a gastric ulcer niche, and in suggesting further studies for early detection of gastric malignancy.
Phase identification in smart grids

Electricity is distributed throughout the electrical power network in 3-phase voltage. This power reaches households as a single-phase voltage, generally 115vac or 240vac. This is achieved by allocating households with either phases A, B, or C of the final 3-phase power distributed to the street through a low voltage transformer. A present problem confronting the electrical power industry is identification of which particular phase a household is connected to. This information is often not tracked and the mechanisms for identifying phase require either manual intervention or costly signal injection technologies. Phase information is important as it is a foundation for the larger problem of balancing phase loads. Unbalanced phases lead to significant energy losses and sharply reduced asset lifetimes. In this paper we propose a new approach to compute household phase. Our techniques are novel as they are purely based upon a time series of electrical power measurements taken at the household and at the distributing transformer. Our methods involve the use of integer programming and solutions can be retrieved using branch and bound search algorithms implemented by MIP solvers such as CPLEX. Furthermore, as the number of measurements increase, continuous relaxations of integer programs may also be used to retrieve household phase efficiently. Simulation results using a combination of synthetic and real smart meter datasets demonstrate the performance of our techniques and the number of measurements needed to uniquely identify household phase.
InfoPuzzle: exploring group decision making in mobile peer-to-peer databases

As Internet-based services and mobile computing devices, such as smartphones and tablets, become ubiquitous, society's reliance on them to accomplish critical and time-sensitive tasks, such as information dissemination and collaborative decision making, also increases. Dependence on these media magnifies the damage caused by their disruption, whether malicious or natural. For instance, a natural disaster disrupting cellular and Internet infrastructures impedes information spread, which in turn leads to chaos, both among the victims as well as the aid providers. Decentralized and ad-hoc mechanisms for information dissemination and decision making are paramount to help restore order.We demonstrate InfoPuzzle, a mobile peer-to-peer database that utilizes direct device communication to enable group decision making, or consensus, without reliance on centralized communication services. InfoPuzzle minimizes the system's resource consumption, to prolong the lifetime of the power constrained devices by minimizing communication overhead, computational complexity, and persistent storage size. Due to user mobility and the limited range of point-to-point communication, knowing the exact number of participants is impossible, and therefore traditional consensus or quorum protocols cannot be used. We rely of distinct counting techniques, probabilistic thresholds, and bounded time based approaches to reach agreement. In this demo, we will explore various challenges and heuristics in estimating group participation to aid users in reconciling consensus without centralized services.
Family Leave and Law Enforcement: A Survey of Parents in U.S. Police Departments

The women of United States police departments challenge traditional gender role expectations by exhibiting equal competence in a job with a masculine identity. Women also modify police culture in a myriad of ways, one of which is through the special work-related needs that accompany motherhood. Results from a survey of police officers suggest that gendered perceptions regarding work and family persist indicating that a value shift within police departments has occurred. Findings derived from qualitative responses suggest that women’s entry in policing, along with shifting societal attitudes about work and family, could transform the institution’s “hegemonic masculinity,” an enduring characteristic of many police departments.
A Byzantine attack defender: The Conditional Frequency Check

Collaborative spectrum sensing is vulnerable to the Byzantine attack. Existing reputation based countermeasures will become incapable when malicious users dominate the network. Also, there is a scarcity of methods that fully explore the Markov property of the spectrum states to restrain sensors' statistical misbehaviors. In this paper, a new malicious user detection method based on two proposed Conditional Frequency Check (CFC) statistics is developed with a Markovian spectrum model. With the assistance of one trusted sensor, the proposed method can achieve high malicious user detection accuracy in the presence of arbitrary percentage of malicious users, and thus significantly improves collaborative spectrum sensing performance.
Unique Best Deserver Theory and Arguments From Misclassification

It is a core commitment of Epistemic Two-Dimensionalism (E2D) that an utterance is 1-necessary iff it is a priori. But Jeff Speaks's Argument from Misclassification proves that, on a natural interpretation, E2D assigns necessary 1-intensions to many utterances that speakers deem a posteriori. Given that 1-intensions are meant to formalize a speaker's own understanding of the words she utters, this proof raises serious difficulties for E2D. In response, Elliott, McQueen, and Weber point out that the Argument from Misclassification presupposes a controversial theory of reference-fixation for proper names and argue that E2Dists ought to reject this theory. They discuss three alternatives to the theory that render E2D immune to the Argument from Misclassification. I demonstrate here that each of these alternatives either (i) replicates the faults of the original theory by assigning necessary 1-intensions to a posteriori utterances, or (ii) makes 1-intensions creatures of darkness. I argue that, although the A...
Tandem Pairing in Heavy-Fermion Superconductors

We consider the internal structure of a d-wave heavy-fermion superconducting condensate, showing that it necessarily contains two components condensed in tandem: pairs of quasiparticles on neighboring sites and composite pairs consisting of two electrons bound to a single local moment. These two components draw upon the antiferromagnetic and Kondo interactions to cooperatively enhance the superconducting transition temperature. This tandem condensate is electrostatically active, with an electric quadrupole moment predicted to lead to a superconducting shift in the nuclear quadrupole resonance frequency.
Intracellular RNA synthesis directed by temperature-sensitive mutants of simian rotavirus SA11.

Abstract The kinetics of intracellular synthesis of single-stranded (ss) RNA and double-stranded (ds) RNA directed by prototype temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants representing the 10 mutant groups of rotavirus SA11 were examined. Cells were infected with individual mutants or wild type under one-step growth conditions and maintained at permissive temperature (31°) or nonpermissive temperature (39°). At various times postinfection, infected cells were pulse-labeled, ssRNA and dsRNA were purified, RNA species were resolved by electrophoresis and autoradiography, and RNA synthesis was quantitated by computer-assisted densitometry. The mutants representing all groups synthesized significantly less ssRNA and dsRNA at both 31° and 39°, when compared to wild type. When the ratio of synthesis at 39° 31° was determined for ssRNA and dsRNA of each mutant, three RNA synthesis phenotypes were evident. The tsB(339), tsC(606), and tsE(1400) mutants synthesized both ssRNA and dsRNA in a temperature-dependent manner. The group G mutant, tsG(2130), synthesized ssRNA in temperature-independent fashion but was temperature-dependent for the synthesis of dsRNA. The remaining mutants, tsA(778), tsD(975), tsF(2124), tsH(2384), tsI(2403), and tsJ(2131), synthesized both ssRNA and dsRNA in a temperature-independent fashion. The RNA synthesis phenotypes of the ts mutants are discussed in terms of what is known of the function(s) of the protein species to which is lesions have been assigned.
A three-dimensional mathematical model for liquid-fed direct methanol fuel cells

A three-dimensional, single-phase, multi-component mathematical model has been developed for a liquid-fed direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The traditional continuity, momentum, and species conservation equations are coupled with electrochemical kinetics in both the anode and cathode catalyst layer. At the anode side, the liquid phase is considered, and at the cathode side only the gas phase is considered. Methanol crossover due to both diffusion and electro-osmotic drag from the anode to the cathode is taken into consideration and the effect is incorporated into the model using a mixed-potential at the cathode. A finite-volume-based CFD technique is used to develop the in-house numerical code and the code is successfully used to simulate the fuel cell performance as well as the multi-component behavior in a DMFC. The modeling results of polarization curves compare well with our experimental data. Subsequently, the model is used to study the effects of methanol crossover, the effects of porosities of the diffusion layer and the catalyst layer, the effects of methanol flow rates, and the effects of the channel shoulder widths.
Quantum potts gauge-matter systems at finite temperature☆

A systematic large-N expansion for gauge-matter Potts systems at finite temperature is presented. This allows us to explore the interior of the phase diagrams, taking into account all terms in the hamiltonian. Calculations are carried out in 3 + 1 and 2 + 1 dimensions and the expansion parameter is 1/N1d, where d is the number of space dimensions. For singly charged matter the Higgs-confinement phase is analytically connected to a high-temperature plasma phase. When the matter fields are multiply charged, both Higgs and confinement phases undergo a finite-temperature phase transition. The free charge phase may or may not undergo a phase transition depending on the number of space-time dimensions. Implications for other models, both abelian and non-abelian are discussed. We also comment on applications to quantum spin systems.
Control-oriented modeling of thermal behaviors for a Diesel oxidation catalyst

Diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) have become standard components in Diesel engine aftertreatment systems to reduce carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. Intensive studies have been focused on improving the performance of DOCs which has been found to be influenced significantly by its thermal behaviors. The objective of this research is to develop a control-oriented thermal model for a DOC in a DOC/DPF integrated aftertreatment system for real-time control purposes. The control-oriented model is established by considering both the thermal inertia and chemical reactions inside it. The engine-out and DOC-out emissions have been analyzed before simplified empirical models were proposed for the prediction of cared emissions. Experimental validation results show that the control-oriented model is capable of capturing both the gas phase and the solid phase thermal dynamics of a DOC. The control-oriented modeling of the thermal behaviors will be beneficial in integrated engine and aftertreatment system controls.
Leveraging natural diversity: back through the bottleneck

Plant breeders have long recognized the existence of useful genetic variation in the wild ancestors of our domesticated crop species. In cultivated rice (Oryza sativa), crosses between high-yielding elite cultivars and low-yielding wild accessions often give rise to superior offspring, with wild alleles conferring increased performance in the context of the elite cultivar genetic background. Because the breeding value of wild germplasm cannot be determined by examining the performance of wild accessions, a phylogenetic approach is recommended to determine which interspecific combinations are most likely to be useful in a breeding program. As we deepen our understanding of how genetic diversity is partitioned within and between cultivated and wild gene pools of Oryza, breeders will have increased power to make predictions about the most efficient strategies for utilizing wild germplasm for rice improvement.
Thromboembolic events in patients with malignant superior vena cava syndrome and the role of anticoagulation

In patients with superior vena caval obstruction resulting from malignancy, the importance of vena caval thrombosis and the role of anticoagulation are incompletely understood. The authors discuss this aspect of the management of 25 patients with malignant superior vena cava syndrome. Ten patients were retrospectively reviewed after having been clinically diagnosed without venography, and treated without anticoagulation. Five thromboembolic complications occurred, two of which proved fatal. Fifteen patients were prospectively evaluated by angiography and then treated with anticoagulants. Angiographic evidence of intraluminal subclavian vein or superior vena caval thrombosis was found in five of these patients, and no thromboembolic complications occurred. Of the 20 patients ultimately anticoagulated, two fatal intra-cranial hemorrhages developed. The authors suggest the need for randomized prospective trials if the role of venography and anticoagulation in this syndrome is to be determined.
A parallel algorithm for constrained concave quadratic global minimization

The global minimization of large-scale concave quadratic problems over a bounded polyhedral set using a parallel branch and bound approach is considered. The objective function consists of both a concave part (nonlinear variables) and a strictly linear part, which are coupled by the linear constraints. These large-scale problems are characterized by having the number of linear variables much greater than the number of nonlinear variables. A linear underestimating function to the concave part of the objective is easily constructed and minimized over the feasible domain to get both upper and lower bounds on the global minimum function value. At each minor iteration of the algorithm, the feasible domain is divided into subregions and linear underestimating problems over each subregion are solved in parallel. Branch and bound techniques can then be used to eliminate parts of the feasible domain from consideration and improve the upper and lower bounds. It is shown that the algorithm guarantees that a solution is obtained to within any specified tolerance in a finite number of steps. Computational results are presented for problems with 25 and 50 nonlinear variables and up to 400 linear variables. These results were obtained on a four processor CRAY2 using both sequential and parallel implementations of the algorithm. The average parallel solution time was approximately 15 seconds for problems with 400 linear variables and a relative tolerance of 0.001. For a relative tolerance of 0.1, the average computation time appears to increase only linearly with the number of linear variables.
An exhaustive steam-distillation and solvent-extraction unit for pesticides and industrial chemicals.

on techniques use an external steam generator that jets steam into the sample and collects the chemicals by condensing the steam and volatile chemicals in a cooled flask. Although steam distillation is commonly used in flavor and drug analysis (NIELSON and KRYGER 1969; SIEK and LINDSAY 1968; TAMSMA et al. 1969), the large surface areas of the glassware and the low collection efficiency of conventional apparatus have prevented the use of steam distillation as a quantitative technique in the analysis of trace amounts of less volatile organic chemicals. Despite the apparent shortcomings of steam distillation, this technique offers unique possibilities in trace analysis. The vapor pressures of many pesticides and industrial chemicals are appreciably greater than those of water-soluble chemicals in wastewaters and sediments (MACKAY and WOLKOFF 1973; STORHERR et al. 1971). Moreover, the vapor pressures of many trace chemicals are greater than those of the high molecular weight triglyceride lipids in fish and warm-blooded animals. Because exhaustive solvent-extracti on technique~ remove lipids, waxes, and related natural products, as well as the trace contaminants, extensive chromatographic separations are necessary before the extracts can be analyzed for the trace chemicals. We have developed a modified Nielsen-Kryger steam-distillati on apparatus that provides exhaustive distillation of pesticides and industrial chemicals from water, sediments, and tissue and the simultaneous extractior of the distillate by a small volume of organic solvent. The extract is generally suitable for direct gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis without the time-consuming concentration and cleanup procedures.
A porous silicon thermally tunable optical filter

Porous silicon (PSi) is a promising material for the creation of optical components for chip-to-chip interconnects because of its unique optical properties, flexible fabrication methods and integration with conventional CMOS material sets. In this paper, we present a novel active optical filter made of PSi to select desired optical wavelengths. The tunable membrane type optical filter is based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer employing two Bragg reflectors separated by an adjustable air gap, which can be thermally controlled. The Bragg reflectors contain alternating layers of high and low porosities. These layers were created by electrochemical etching of p+ type silicon wafers by varying the applied current during etching process. Micro bimorph actuators are designed to control the movement of the top DBR mirror, which changes the cavity thickness. By varying the applied current, the proposed filter can tune the transmitted wavelength of the optical signal. Various geometrical shapes and sizes ranging from 100μm to 1mm of the active filtering region have been realized for specific applications. The MOEMS technology-based device fabrication is fully compatible with the existing IC mass fabrication processes, and can be integrated with a variety of active and passive optical components to realize inter-chip or intra-chip communication at the system level at a relatively low cost.
Acute scrotal bleeding

We report a case of acute scrotal hemorrhage from multiple angiokeratomas on scrotum, because of the rarity of the condition and to emphasize the importance of considering this condition in the evaluation of acute scrotal bleeding.