cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Examining the Continuity of Juvenile Sex Offending Into Adulthood and Subsequent Patterns of Sex and General Recidivism

Current sex offending legislation and public opinion present an image of sexual offenders as specialized predators who are likely to exhibit continued sexually deviant behavior over the life-course. Although sex offending continuity and post-release recidivism has been independently assessed in prior research, the potential link between sex offending continuity and post-release recidivism has yet to be investigated. Using data collected at two different time points from a sample of sex offenders who served a prison sentence for an adult sex offense, the present study examines the prevalence of sex offending continuity, and its potential linkages with subsequent sex and general recidivism as well as identifying risk factors related to these outcomes. The multivariate results indicate a low rate of sex offending continuity in general but suggest the presence of identifiable risk factors that predict sex offending continuity. Specifically, non-sexual juvenile offending is the most notable of the numerous risk factors found to be associated with those displaying sex offending continuity from adolescence into adulthood. Subsequent analyses also reveal a significant association between sex offending continuity and sexual recidivism but not general recidivism. Policy implications, study limitations, and directions for future research are also discussed.
Photoelectric lightcurves of asteroids 42 Isis, 45 Eugenia, 56 Melete, 103 Hera, 532 Herculina, and 558 Carmen

Abstract Photoelectric observations of six asteroids are presented. The following synodic periods of rotation and amplitudes of variation are reported: 42 Isis, P = 13 h .59, Δm = 0.32; 45 Eugenia, P = 5 h .70, Δm = 0.30; 56 Melete, P = 13 h .7 or 19 h .0, Δm = 0.06; 532 Herculina, P = 9 h .408, Δm = 0.15; 558 Carmen, P ≈ 10 h , Δm ≈ 0.25. The asteroid 103 Hera exhibited no periodic variation in excess of about 0.03 magnitude. The period found for 532 Herculina is one half that previously reported by other observers.
The Traditions of the Early Kings of Buganda: Myth, History, and Structural Analysis

In the pages which follow, the traditions surrounding the first eight (of a total of thirty-five) kings of Buganda's traditional history will be investigated from a perspective that has not been utilized before. I hope to demonstrate that these traditions—beginning with the establishment of the first king, Kintu, in Buganda proper and ending with the death of the eighth king, Nakibinge, at the hands of the Banyoro—form an interrelated set which can be analyzed structurally as myth. While so doing, I do not wish to imply that the traditions in question demand this type of analysis and no other; different perspectives have been and will be useful for understanding early Buganda and its traditions. But I do want to show that such a structure can be discerned in the traditions and that the existence of this structure should be taken into account regardless of the type of analysis to be undertaken.One task which will further these ends will be a discussion of the reasons for setting off the particular traditions chosen from the larger context of the set of traditions surrounding all the kings of Buganda. Following this, the selected traditions will be subjected to a structural analysis. In the process, however, I will digress frequently from the dominant mode of analysis to discuss: (1) variant or additional traditions which seem to remain outside the particular structural themes dominating the traditions as a set; and (2) alternative interpretations of the traditions, especially historical ones, which have been or might be offered. Finally, the structural themes discussed in the body of the paper will be represented in a comprehensive chart.
I spy alloreactive T cells

High-throughput sequencing of the T cell receptor Vβ CDR3 region allowed longitudinal tracking of alloreactive T cells in kidney transplant patients, revealing clonal deletion as a mechanism of transplantation tolerance (Morris et al., this issue).
Helical carbon nanotube arrays: mechanical properties

An investigation of the effective mechanical properties of large arrays of carbon nanotubes assembled in helical geometries of circular cross-section is undertaken following two approaches. The first is a traditional textile-mechanics approach wherein the nanotube is treated as a continuous textile fiber, and the second utilized anisotropic elasticity theory to examine the behavior of a layered cylinder with layers consisting of discontinuous carbon nanotubes embedded in a polymeric matrix with the collimation direction in each layer following a helical path prescribed by a linear variation in the tangent of the helix angle with radial position. Stress distribution and effective elastic property results are presented for the two approaches.
Aspirin Use Is Low Among United States Outpatients With Coronary Artery Disease

Background—The goal of the present study was to assess national trends and patterns of aspirin use among outpatients with coronary artery disease. Although there is strong evidence that the use of aspirin reduces the risk of death and recurrent events in patients with coronary artery disease, current national patterns of aspirin use are unknown. Methods and Results—We used data from the 1980 to 1996 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys. These surveys provide a nationally representative sample of physician activities during patient visits to physician offices. We evaluated the report of aspirin as a new or continuing medication in 10 942 visits to cardiologists and primary care physicians by patients with coronary artery disease. We evaluated trends in the use of aspirin for 1980 to 1996 and used logistic regression to identify independent predictors of aspirin use for 1993 to 1996. Aspirin use in outpatient visits by persons with coronary artery disease without reported contraindications increased fro...
β3 Integrin-mediated ubiquitination activates survival signaling during myocardial hypertrophy

Identifying the molecular mechanisms activated in compensatory hypertrophy and absent during decompensation will provide molecular targets for prevention of heart failure. We have previously shown enhanced ubiquitination (Ub) during the early growth period of pressure overload (PO) hypertrophy near intercalated discs of cardiomyocytes, where integrins are important for mechanotransduction. In this study, we tested the role of integrins upstream of Ub, whether enhanced Ub contributes to survival signaling in early PO, and if loss of this mechanism could lead to decreased ventricular function. The study used a beta(3) integrin (-/-) mouse and a wild-type mouse as a control for in vivo PO by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and for cultured cardiomyocytes in vitro, stimulated with the integrin-activating peptide RGD. We demonstrate beta(3) integrin mediates transient Ub of targeted proteins during PO hypertrophy, which is necessary for cardiomyocyte survival and to maintain ventricular function. Prosurvival signaling proceeds by initiation of NF-kappaB transcription of the E3 ligase, cIAP1. In PO beta(3)(-/-) mice, absence of this mechanism correlates with increased TUNEL staining and decreased ventricular mass and function by 4 wk. This is the first study to show that a beta(3) integrin/Ub/NF-kappaB pathway contributes to compensatory hypertrophic growth.
Cellulose Submicron Fibers

In order to manufacture cellulose submicron fibers, electrospinning of cellulose was tried with different solvents. Alpha-cellulose did not dissolve in 6% (w/w) sodium hydroxide/4%urea aqueous solution. Alpha-cellulose solution in 85% phosphoric acid was not spinnable at an applied voltage between 15kV to 25 kV and at a spin length of 4 to 6 inches. Electrospinning of alpha-cellulose in Nmethylmorpholine-N-oxide/N-methylpyrrolidinone/water solvent mixture could be performed at an applied voltage of 28 kV and at a spin length of seven inches during spinning and at an ambient temperature of 38 0 C. The degree of crystallinity of the cellulose submicron fibers was found to be 37.88%. The number average fiber diameter of cellulose submicron fibers from 1.25% (w/w) cellulose solution in the N-methylmorpholineN-oxide/N-methyl-pyrrolidinone/water solvent was found to be 207 nm and the number average fiber diameter of cellulose submicron fibers from 2.5% (w/w) cellulose solution in the N-methylmorpholineN-oxide/N-methyl-pyrrolidinone/water solvent mixture was found to be 243 nm.
2. Vibrations in Overlayers

Publisher Summary This chapter describes research into the static and dynamic properties of the surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts. It discusses one of the most important areas of current scientific research that is unquestionably the general field of surface and interfacial science. The reason for this significance is that the applications of research in this field are both diverse and extremely important to modern technology. A very appealing aspect of research in surface chemistry is its application to a wide variety of important technological problems. Fundamental research, in heterogeneous catalysis, is similar in its intent to the early research in homogeneous chemistry. Its purpose is to enable the chemist to predict reaction pathways and relative rates for heterogeneously catalyzed surface reactions. Thus, much current research in this field is directed toward the identification of molecular structures present on solid surfaces during reaction and relating the observed species to reaction mechanisms. However, a heterogeneously catalyzed chemical conversion, occurring under realistic industrial conditions, is very complicated indeed. The research discussed in this chapter is primarily concerned with the adsorptive and catalytic properties of the surfaces of metallic single crystals that are well characterized chemically and structurally. An understanding of a well-defined, well-controlled catalytic surface is obviously a necessary fundamental step toward understanding the vastly more complex surface of a real operating catalyst.
Participation of natural resource managers on editorial boards of conservation and applied natural resource journals

A gap between research and management exists in numerous natural resource fields. This can lead to management actions that are based on experience rather than evidence and may be less effective as a result. The gap may be partly attributable to research not being relevant, timely or accessible for managers. Editorial boards of peer-reviewed journals are responsible for determining the relevance of submitted manuscripts for a journal's readership. Limited representation of natural resource managers on editorial boards may make it more difficult for journals to identify the topics and findings of most relevance for management, thus contributing to the research–management gap. We quantified the representation of natural resource managers on the editorial boards of 79 conservation and applied natural resource journals. We found that 65% of editors were affiliated with universities, 13% with research institutions, 12% with government agencies and 3% with NGOs. On average, 9% of editors were affiliated with an agency or organization responsible for managing or regulating natural resources. The proportion of managers on editorial boards did not differ significantly between natural resource fields or with journal impact factor. Potential benefits of greater integration of managers into the research and publishing process include selection of research topics with greater relevance for management, clearer statements of the management implications of research studies, and more frequent publication of research evaluating the effectiveness of management interventions. Further study is needed to evaluate whether greater participation of managers in the editorial review process may contribute to achieving these benefits.
Monitoring RNA-ligand interactions using isothermal titration calorimetry.

Abstract Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a biophysical technique that measures the heat evolved or absorbed during a reaction to report the enthalpy, entropy, stoichiometry of binding, and equilibrium association constant. A significant advantage of ITC over other methods is that it can be readily applied to almost any RNA-ligand complex without having to label either molecule and can be performed under a broad range of pH, temperature, and ionic concentrations. During our application of ITC to investigate the thermodynamic details of the interaction of a variety of compounds with the purine riboswitch, we have explored and optimized experimental parameters that yield the most useful and reproducible results for RNAs. In this chapter, we detail this method using the titration of an adenine-binding RNA with 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP) as a practical example. Our insights should be generally applicable to observing the interactions of a broad range of molecules with structured RNAs.
Living Between Myths: Experiences at Wells Fargo Bank

What are the myths that circulate in organizations? What is their role? How they connect to the experience of the people belonging to such organizations? They [Wells Fargo] have a videotape that gives you all the … when we first converted to Wells Fargo I remember we had to watch this 20 minutes video with all the history, and all the things they did and where they have been. (A)
MicroTCA for space applications

Micro Telecommunications Computing Architecture (MicroTCA) is a commercial standard widely used in the telecommunications industry. MicroTCA is a simplified adaptation of the Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) standard written by the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group (PICMG). MicroTCA uses the Advanced Mezzanine Cards (AMCs) and FPGA Mezzanine Cards (FMCs) from ATCA but in a smaller enclosure with lower overhead. There is a wide ecosystem of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components from many manufacturers that are compatible and interoperable with the standard. The form factor for this standard is physically smaller than 6U VPX, which allows it to fit into space-constrained volumes. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has developed a low-cost, quick-turn platform of reusable printed circuit boards, software, firmware, and mechanicals such as conduction-cooled frames and enclosures that leverages and interoperates with these standards. LANL has leveraged the commercial MicroTCA.0 and ruggedized MicroTCA.3 standards and extended them for application in space flight environments without compromising the compatibility with low-cost COTS hardware. As a result, LANL engineers can rapidly prototype and develop systems with a mix of commercial-and flight-grade hardware.
Serving to Heal and Honored to Serve: An Insight Into Military Cardiovascular Fellowship.

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) reports that there are 193 cardiovascular disease training programs in the United States, including 3 military training programs [(1)][1]. Today, fellows-in-training (FITs) are faced with the challenge of balancing cardiovascular
Does Cleft Palate Width Correlate With Veau Classification and Outcome

PURPOSE Wider cleft palates are thought to be associated with increased complications and poorer outcomes following cleft palate repair. Objective cleft palate photographic measurement and assessment of complications have not been previously performed. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively characterize a series of cleft palate dimensions and to investigate possible correlations with Veau classification and intra-, peri-, and postoperative outcomes. METHODS The analytic sample included primary cleft palate repairs performed by the senior author over a 2-year period. Standard photographs of clefts taken at the time of repair were analyzed using Image-J software. Demographic, intraoperative, perioperative, and postoperative information were collected. Width measurements were correlated with Veau classification, intraoperative variables, perioperative variables, and adverse outcomes. Statistical tests performed included simple regression analyses and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Out of 70 patients, 50 had adequate photographic documentation for inclusion in the study; 44% of patients were classified as Veau I with an average cleft width of 5.4 mm, 28% Veau II with an average of 8.9 mm, 16% Veau III with an average of 11.3 mm, and 12% Veau IV with an average of 10.0 mm. No patients exhibited postoperative bleeding, dehiscence, airway problems, infection, fistula formation, or return to the operating room. The authors found that increasing cleft width significantly predicts increasing Veau classification (P < 0.01), increasing operating time (P < 0.05), increased hypernasality (P < 0.05), and speech delay (P < 0.001). Additionally, the presence of an intentional alveolar fistula (Veau III or Veau IV clefts) significantly predicts fluid emission (P < 0.001) but cleft width did not predict fluid emission. Increased cleft width did not significantly predict length of stay. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that wider preoperative cleft palates correlate with Veau classification, increased operating time, and slightly worsened postoperative sequela. There were no perioperative instances of bleeding, dehiscence, respiratory complications, infection, fistula formation, and return to operating room. Hypernasality and speech delay were associated with increased cleft palate width. Length of stay did not correlate with cleft palate width.
A clinical trial design using the concept of proportional time using the generalized gamma ratio distribution

Traditional methods of sample size and power calculations in clinical trials with a time-to-event end point are based on the logrank test (and its variations), Cox proportional hazards (PH) assumption, or comparison of means of 2 exponential distributions. Of these, sample size calculation based on PH assumption is likely the most common and allows adjusting for the effect of one or more covariates. However, when designing a trial, there are situations when the assumption of PH may not be appropriate. Additionally, when it is known that there is a rapid decline in the survival curve for a control group, such as from previously conducted observational studies, a design based on the PH assumption may confer only a minor statistical improvement for the treatment group that is neither clinically nor practically meaningful. For such scenarios, a clinical trial design that focuses on improvement in patient longevity is proposed, based on the concept of proportional time using the generalized gamma ratio distribution. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proportional time method and to identify the situations in which such a design will be beneficial as compared to the standard design using a PH assumption, piecewise exponential hazards assumption, and specific cases of a cure rate model. A practical example in which hemorrhagic stroke patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms in a putative clinical trial demonstrates the usefulness of this approach by drastically reducing the number of patients needed for study enrollment.
Thanks Coefficient Alpha, We Still Need You!.

This note discusses the merits of coefficient alpha and their conditions in light of recent critical publications that miss out on significant research findings over the past several decades. That earlier research has demonstrated the empirical relevance and utility of coefficient alpha under certain empirical circumstances. The article highlights the fact that as an index aimed at informing about multiple-component measuring instrument reliability, coefficient alpha is dependable then as a reliability estimator. Therefore, alpha should remain in service when these conditions are fulfilled and not be abandoned.
Diagnostic Evaluation of the Knee in the Office Setting Using Small-Bore Needle Arthroscopy

Arthroscopy is currently the gold standard for diagnosing intra-articular knee pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be a clinical adjunct for diagnosis; however, it is not without its shortcomings. Although highly accurate, even advanced imaging misdiagnoses the condition in 1 in 14 patients with regard to anterior cruciate ligament pathology. Previous studies have indicated that MRI fails to identify meniscal pathology when one exists in 1 of every 10 cases, and diagnoses pathology when pathology truly does not exist in 1 of every 5 patients. In-office arthroscopy offers an alternative to formal diagnostic arthroscopy, with reduced cost and risk of complications. This is a technique article that discusses the use of small-bore needle arthroscopy in the office setting.
Abstract #3765: Induction of uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) in human cancer cells in response to antimetabolites combined with methoxyamine

Antimetabolites are used in cancer therapy to disrupt nucleic acid, RNA and DNA production. We have previously reported that methoxyamine (MX), which inhibits BER by binding and stabilizing abasic (AP) sites after glycosylase removal of an abnormal base, enhances the cytotoxicity of the antimetabolite fludarabine, a purine analog, in human leukemia cells. The MX-potentiated cytotoxicity was also observed in lung, breast and colon cancer cells after treatment with pemetrexed, an antifolate antimetabolite. Cytotoxicity of pemetrexed has been attributed to thymidylate synthetase (TS) inhibition which causes reduction of dTTP levels with a concomitant rise in dUTP. In this milieu, uracil is aberrantly incorporated into the genome, removed by uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG), and reincorporated during DNA replication. To determine the role of base excision repair (BER) in fludarabine and pemetrexed activity, we examined the effects of antimetabolite therapy in combination with MX on the induction of BER proteins and BER protein activity in established human cancer cell lines. Human leukemia cells (Jurkat) were treated with fludarabine (5uM) alone or in combination with MX treatment (3mM). Immunoblot results indicated modest enhancement of UDG protein level following fludarabine treatment (~1.5 fold) and more significant enhancement with MX adjunct therapy (2-3 fold). RT-PCR similarly revealed induction of UDG transcript level (2-3 fold) in response to fludarabine and MX treatment. Human lung cancer cells (H460 and A549) were treated with pemetrexed (100-400uM) alone and in combination with MX (6mM) for 24 hr. Significant induction of UDG protein was observed in cells treated with pemetrexed and MX, resulting in a 2-fold increase in UDG enzymatic activity measured by UDG cleavage assay. Meanwhile, a concomitant increase in level of \#947;H2AX and cleaved PARP was seen in the cells. Therefore, UDG induction was a compensatory mechanism of cell protection from DNA damage when BER was blocked by MX. However, increased UDG activity was capable of producing more AP sites, which were bound by MX. In this way, pemetrexed induced imbalance of nucleotide pool results in futile cycles between incorporation of uracil and the removing process by UDG, leading to cell death. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 3765.
Big Brothers Are Watching: the Retinoblastoma Family and Growth Control

Multicellular organisms consist of numerous types of cells and each of these cells has characteristic properties in its pattern of gene expression, its degree of multiplication rate, its state of differentiation, and its life span. The cellular programs are guided by both inner- and extracellular signals converging onto various molecular pathways. Dependent on this information, the cell decides whether to respond with proliferation, differentiation, quiescence, or apoptosis in gene-directed processes to maintain homeostasis. Loss of genetic integrity affecting either growth-promoting (proto oncogenes) or growth-inhibiting (tumor suppressor genes) sources could be the initial step in the multistep development of neoplasia. While heterozygous mutations of proto oncogenes can be sufficient for cellular transformation, only homozygous mutations of tumor suppressor genes, such as the retinoblastoma protein pRB, have been reported to cause cancer in mammalian cells to date. The tumor suppressor p53 is an exception, as dominant negative mutants have been shown to elicit cellular transformation (Bishop 1991). The majority of cells in a developed mammalian organism are in a non-proliferative, either differentiated or quiescent state, and the commitment to become a particular specialized cell necessitates its withdrawal from the cell cycle. The retinoblastoma protein family members pRB, p 107, and RB2/p 130 have in the past been shown to play a major role for cells to keep these commitments and prevent cells from improperly reentering or improperly staying in the cell-division cycle. In fact, inactivation of the RB family is an integral event for a large number of diverse growth promoting pathways.
Beta-adrenergic stimulation of Na+, K+, Cl- cotransport in fetal nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells.

Purpose. The effects of adrenergic agonists and antagonists on Na + ,K + ,Cl - cotransport in fetal human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells were investigated. Methods. 86 Rb + as a marker for K + was used to study ouabain-insensitive, bumetanide-sensitive 86 Rb + uptake in cultured NPE monolayers. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation in NPE cells was determined by radioimmunoassay. Results. 1 μM isoproterenol caused a 1.65-fold stimulation in Na + ,K + ,Cl - cotransport measured as bumetanide-sensitive, ouabain-insensitive 86 Rb + uptake. The half-maximal concentration for this effect was 6.4 nM, with maximal stimulation at 100 nM isoproterenol. Epinephrine stimulated Na + ,K + ,Cl - cotransport similarly to isoproterenol, whereas norepinephrine stimulated at much higher concentrations (half-maximal effective concentration = 1.4 μM). Stimulation of Na + ,K + ,Cl - cotransport by 1 μM isoproterenol was inhibited completely by the β 2 -adrenergic antagonist ICI-118,551 at 100 nM, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 5 nM. Neither atenolol, a β 1 -specific adrenergic antagonist, prazosin, an α 1 -adrenergic antagonist, nor yohimbine, an α 2 -specific antagonist, was as effective. These four antagonists inhibited isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP formation with potencies similar to those observed against stimulated Na + ,K + ,Cl - cotransport. The hypotensive adrenergic antagonists timolol, propranolol, and betaxolol also inhibited Na + ,K + ,Cl - cotransport stimulated by isoproterenol in the order timolol > propranolol > betaxolol. Na + ,K + ,Cl - cotransport could be maintained in a stimulated state for at least 2 hours in the presence of agonist, but activity returned to basal levels within 20 minutes of isoproterenol removal. Adrenergic stimulation of Na + ,K + ,Cl - cotransport was blocked 80% to 85% by 70 μM H-89, a protein kinase A inhibitor. Conclusions. These data suggest that β 2- adrenergic receptor activation results in increased cAMP formation and sustained stimulation of Na + ,K + ,Cl - cotransport in fetal human NPE cells. Protein kinase A activation is required for maximal stimulation of Na + ,K + ,Cl - cotransport by adrenergic agonists.
Going Concern Decisions and Auditor Switches: An Economic Perspective

This research examines the effects of economic incentives on the strategic interaction between an auditor and client when a potential going concern situation exists. This experimental economics investigation has the following game structure. The auditor first obtains information relevant in predicting the client's viability and then conveys to the client an intention to express a clean or going concern opinion. A client can switch auditors in an attempt to avoid a going concern opinion and the potential, self-fulfilling nature of the auditor's prediction of business termination. This incentive to switch auditors poses a credible threat to the incumbent auditor. Conducting the test in the laboratory enables us to vary 1) the likelihood the successor auditor will issue a clean opinion and 2) the presence of the self-fulfilling prophecy effect. By varying the levels of these treatments, we are able to test the predicted effect on the audit partner's reporting decision and the client's switching decision. The results strongly indicate that treatments 1) and 2) both had a significant effect on subject behavior. However, contrary to the equilibrium predictions, auditors did not sacrifice their independence as 1) and 2) increased. Clients, on the other hand, did respond opportunistically by switching auditors more frequently as 1) and 2) increased. The effect was strongly significant and was directionally consistent with the analytical predictions.
Gram-Negative Opportunistic Anaerobes: Friends and Foes

Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, such as Bacteroides spp., Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp., and Fusobacterium spp., are normally innocuous and even protective components of the human microbiota. If, however, they escape from the site they normally colonize, they can cause serious infections ranging from abscesses to bacteremia. In the sites they normally occupy, they can contribute to shifts in the composition of the microbiota that result in disease. Periodontal disease is the best example of this type of disease, but other diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease have been linked to shifts in the microbiota (dysbiosis). The Gram-negative anaerobes of the human body are consummate opportunists that do not have well-defined virulence factors. In blood and tissue, they survive a low oxygen concentration until they reach areas of damaged tissue that can be quite anoxic due to the lack of blood supply. Such sites are also somewhat protected from the cells of the host’s defense system. The complex associations between the Gram-negative anaerobes and the human body arise from the fact that these bacteria are members of the normal microbiota of such sites as the mouth and colon. Bacteroides spp. are one of the numerically predominant groups in the human colon. Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp., and Fusobacterium spp. are normally found in the mouth in low numbers, but can become predominant in the gum area if periodontal disease occurs. Thus, the ability to colonize a body site also contributes to their ability to cause disease. In recent years, resistance to antibiotics has increased in all of these genera. In fact, the Gram-negative anaerobes may serve as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes by acquiring resistance genes from other bacteria and passing them on to still other recipients.
Developing library bioinformatics services in context: the Purdue University Libraries bioinformationist program.

Setting: Purdue University is a major agricultural, engineering, biomedical, and applied life science research institution with an increasing focus on bioinformatics research that spans multiple disciplines and campus academic units. The Purdue University Libraries (PUL) hired a molecular biosciences specialist to discover, engage, and support bioinformatics needs across the campus. Program Components: After an extended period of information needs assessment and environmental scanning, the specialist developed a week of focused bioinformatics instruction (Bioinformatics Week) to launch system-wide, library-based bioinformatics services. Evaluation Mechanisms: The specialist employed a two-tiered approach to assess user information requirements and expectations. The first phase involved careful observation and collection of information needs in-context throughout the campus, attending laboratory meetings, interviewing department chairs and individual researchers, and engaging in strategic planning efforts. Based on the information gathered during the integration phase, several survey instruments were developed to facilitate more critical user assessment and the recovery of quantifiable data prior to planning. Next Steps/Future Directions: Given information gathered while working with clients and through formal needs assessments, as well as the success of instructional approaches used in Bioinformatics Week, the specialist is developing bioinformatics support services for the Purdue community. The specialist is also engaged in training PUL faculty librarians in bioinformatics to provide a sustaining culture of library-based bioinformatics support and understanding of Purdue's bioinformatics-related decision and policy making.
Specimen Collection, Handling, and Processing

Specimen collection handling and processing are key to the pre-analytic phase of clinical laboratory testing. In computer jargon, there is an acronym “GIGO” that stands for garbage in equals garbage out. It is also applicable to clinical laboratory testing. If the proper sample is not collected from the individual to be tested and if the sample is not handled and transported to the laboratory in an efficient and efficacious manner, there will not be usable diagnostic information provided. This chapter deals with the pre-analytic process of sample collection, handling, and processing for diagnostic molecular testing.
Cancer pain in the emergency department: A multicenter study of the Comprehensive Oncologic Emergencies Research Network.

6541Background: Despite initiatives to improve cancer analgesia, patients with cancer frequently present to the emergency department (ED) with pain related issues. To our knowledge, no previous stu...
CT of Cardiac Function and Wall Motion

Functional evaluation is an important component of cardiovascular imaging, contributing to diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) are the most commonly used techniques for cardiac functional evaluation. Cardiac CT, which is primarily used in the evaluation of coronary arteries, is a reliable alternative in the evaluation of cardiac function, particularly in circumstances where echocardiography does not provide adequate information or CMR cannot be performed due to contraindications or artifacts. Functional evaluation with cardiac CT requires retrospective ECG gating, which allows reconstruction of multiple phases of the cardiac cycle. Cine images can then be reconstructed in multiple planes which are used for qualitative assessment of global and regional cardiac function. Quantification of ventricular volumes, mass, and function can be obtained by either drawing endocardial and epicardial contours or using threshold-based segmentation technique in end-diastolic and end-systolic phases. Global and regional ventricular functional abnormalities are seen in a variety of cardiomyopathies, including ischemic heart disease, nonischemic cardiomyopathies, pulmonary embolism, and congenital heart diseases. CT quantification of the left atrial volumes and function can also be performed in atrial fibrillation and mitral disease. In this chapter, we review the role and technique of CT in the evaluation of ventricular and atrial function.
Strategies for Starting a Job After It’s Been Vacant for a Year

This article, based on a lightning talk held at the 2019 North Carolina Serials Conference, outlines strategies for starting a job after it’s been vacant for a period of time. The author details ex...
Dynamics of ABC Transporter P-glycoprotein in Three Conformational States.

We used hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to obtain a comprehensive view of transporter dynamics (85.8% sequence coverage) occurring throughout the multidrug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in three distinct conformational states: predominantly inward-facing apo P-gp, pre-hydrolytic (E552Q/E1197Q) P-gp bound to Mg+2-ATP, and outward-facing P-gp bound to Mg+2-ADP-VO4−3. Nucleotide affinity was measured with bio-layer interferometry (BLI), which yielded kinetics data that fit a two Mg+2-ATP binding-site model. This model has one high affinity site (3.2 ± 0.3 µM) and one low affinity site (209 ± 25 µM). Comparison of deuterium incorporation profiles revealed asymmetry between the changes undergone at the critical interfaces where nucleotide binding domains (NBDs) contact intracellular helices (ICHs). In the pre-hydrolytic state, both interfaces between ICHs and NBDs decreased exchange to similar extents relative to inward-facing P-gp. In the outward-facing state, the ICH-NBD1 interface showed decreased exchange, while the ICH-NBD2 interface showed less of an effect. The extracellular loops (ECLs) showed reduced deuterium uptake in the pre-hydrolytic state, consistent with an occluded conformation. While in the outward-facing state, increased ECL exchange corresponding to EC domain opening was observed. These findings point toward asymmetry between both NBDs, and they suggest that pre-hydrolytic P-gp occupies an occluded conformation.
Modification of a pilot-scale continuous flow reactor for hydrothermal liquefaction of wet biomass.

Abstract A pilot-scale continuous flow reactor (CFR) was modified for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of algae slurry under subcritical conditions to investigate the feasibility of scaling up from batch to continuous processing. Modifications included a novel dual filter system that can remove solids at system pressure and temperature, and undergo in-situ cleaning. Commissioning was carried out to address potential particle settling and clogging problems, and to estimate reactor transport characteristics. CFR performance was evaluated by running 31.4 L algae slurry with solids loadings of 3−5 wt.% under 325−350 °C and 18 MPa for 7 h. C and N elemental yields in HTL aqueous phase reached 39.0 wt.% and 61.8 wt.%, respectively. Future improvements to the CFR system will focus on higher solids loading and addition of in-line HTL liquid upgrading capabilities following the filtration system. • A high-temperature, high-pressure filtration system was designed to remove solids from HTL liquid/gaseous products at near reaction conditions to keep heavy oils in the liquid phase. • Uninterrupted reactor operation was achieved by cycling between the dual filter systems and performing in-situ filter cleaning. • Measured reactor residence time distributions were narrow and close to the calculated theoretical mean time.
Exploiting Symmetries of Small Prime-Sized DFTs

Small prime-sized discrete Fourier transforms appear in various applications from quantum mechanics, material sciences and machine learning. The typical implementation of the discrete Fourier transform for such problem sizes is done as a cyclic convolution using algorithms like Rader or Bluestein. However, these approaches exhibit extra computation and expensive data movement. In this work, we present an alternative method by casting the Fourier transform as a direct symmetric matrix-vector multiplication. Exploiting the symmetries of the Fourier matrix and using knowledge from dense linear algebra, we present an implementation that reduces the amount of computation and requires less memory usage. We show that this approach achieves up to 2x performance gains on Intel and AMD architectures, compared to implementations offered by Intel MKL and FFTW that use Rader and Bluestein.
Staple-Plate Plus Screw vs Screw Alone in Talonavicular Arthrodesis: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study:

Background:This study evaluated whether the addition of a nitinol staple-plate to a single cannulated screw increased the mechanical stability for a talonavicular fixation construct.Methods:Twenty ...
Evaluating how Swedish hunters determine which species belong in nature

Understanding whether people view non-native species as belonging in a place will help guide important conservation efforts ranging from eradications of exotics to re-introduction of extirpated species. In this manuscript we describe the degree to which Swedish hunters perceive key wildlife species as belonging in Swedish nature. We surveyed 2014 Swedish hunters randomly selected from a database of all registered hunters with a 47.5% response rate. We measured hunters’ perceptions of the belonging of 10 key species on the Swedish landscape, compared them with confidence intervals for proportions, and predicted them using regression models. Construct validity was assessed through pretesting and focus groups. Our results suggest Swedish hunters consider species introduced wholly by humans as less likely to belong in Sweden compared with species that evolved in situ, species with negative socio-economic impact as less likely to belong in Sweden compared with species with no impact or positive economic impacts, and species with wide distributions to be seen as more likely to belong in Sweden compared with those with narrow distributions. Perceptions of wolves, fallow deer, and European rabbits differed from these broad trends potentially due to unique cultural constructions of belonging for the species and the duration since anthropogenic introductions for the latter species. Age was generally negatively related with considering species as belonging in Swedish nature, whereas few effects were detected for other demographic variables. This study suggests multiple drivers of perceived belonging for species exist, and may include where species evolved, socio-economic impacts of species, breadth of distribution, cultural naturalization, and age of stakeholders making assessments. These findings highlight the importance of managing invasive species before they become culturally naturalized or gain broad geographic distribution.
The place of the Zheltozem-Gley Soils of Azerbaijan in the International System WRB

The aim of the study. The aim of the research was obtaining new information about the genesis, current status, diagnostic features and properties of the Zheltozem-Gley Soils of the Lankaran region of Azerbaijan and to perform the taxonomic attribution of those soils in accordance with the International Classification of Soils in compliance with the Reference Base for soil resources (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2014). Location and time of the study. Zheltozem-Gley Soils of the Lankaran region of Azerbaijan were the objects of the study. Methodology. Field experiments (relief, vegetation, laying of soil profiles, their description, selection of soil samples and establishment of a preliminary classification name of the soils) and physico-chemical analyzes of soil samples (humus and total nitrogen content, ratio of C:N in soil organic matter, soil pH, cation exchange capacity, grain-size analysis, water extract composition) were carried out by standard methods. Results. It was established that the most characteristic features of the irrigated zheltozem-gley soils were as following: blocky angular-subangular structure of the upper horizon, clayiness of the entire soil profile, the presence of iron-manganese concretions and ferruginous mottles. A gradual decrease in the content of humus (from 2.15-3.28 to 0.18-1.24%), nitrogen (from 0.17-0.24 to 0.05-0.24%), the ratio of C:N (from 6.64-7.18 to 1.89-5.91) was found. The cation exchange capacity increased down the profile (from 33.37-37.13 to 34.31-40.89 cmol (eq)/kg). The reaction of the soil environment was weakly acidic, and varied within 5.8-6.0. Under the influence of irrigation, the removal of the silt fraction from the upper horizons and its accumulation in the middle horizons of the soil were observed (42-96 cm – 42.4%, 48-87 cm – 28.8%). According to the granulometric composition, these soils were medium-light-heavy loamy. The soils were not saline. Conclusion. For the first time, an attempt was made to carry out the taxonomic attribution of Zheltozem-Gley soils (irrigated Zheltozem-Gley merged, ordinary Zheltozem-Gleyic, irrigated Zheltozem-Gley, irrigated residual calcareous Zheltozem-Gley) according to the international classification of soils based on the Reference Base for soil resources (WRB). With the different principal and supplementary qualifiers, all soils were classified as Lixisols.
Horner Syndrome Secondary to Osteochondroma of the First Rib: A Case Report

Osteochondroma is the most common benign tumor of bone that often produces no symptoms unless the enlarged mass affects nearby structures. Rarely, Horner syndrome can be caused by an osteochondroma. A five-year-old female with a past medical history of seizure-like activity presented to the emergency department on three separate occasions within one month. She exhibited neurological deficits, including miosis and ptosis, resulting in the diagnosis of Horner syndrome. Computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated a calcified and ossified lesion arising from the right first rib and transverse process that was suspicious for an osteochondroma or chondrosarcoma with neuroblastoma lower on the differential diagnosis. Given the patient's escalating clinical symptomatology and suspicious features of the lesion, a CT guided-bone biopsy was performed. Pathology revealed an osteochondroma that was eventually resected by neurologic and orthopedic surgeries. In this case report, we review the sympathetic innervation to the head, eye, and neck, the most common etiologies of Horner syndrome, and elucidate imaging modalities useful for diagnosing osteochondroma. Horner syndrome secondary to osteochondroma of the first rib has been documented only once before.
Endogenous Mechanisms of Craniomaxillofacial Repair: Toward Novel Regenerative Therapies

In the fields of oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery, regeneration of multiple tissue types - including bone, skin, teeth, and mucosal soft tissue - is often a desired outcome. However, limited endogenous capacity for regeneration, as well as predisposition of many tissues to fibrotic healing, may prevent recovery of normal form and function for patients. Recent basic science research has advanced our understanding of molecular and cellular pathways of repair in the oral/craniofacial region and how these are influenced by local microenvironment and embryonic origin. Here, we review the current state of knowledge in oral and craniomaxillofacial tissue repair/regeneration in four key areas: bone (in the context of calvarial defects and mandibular regeneration during distraction osteogenesis); skin (in the context of cleft lip/palate surgery); oral mucosa (in the context of minimally scarring repair of mucosal injuries); and teeth (in the context of dental disease/decay). These represent four distinct healing processes and outcomes. We will discuss both divergent and conserved pathways of repair in these contexts, with an eye toward fundamental mechanisms of regeneration versus fibrosis as well as translational research directions. Ultimately, this knowledge can be leveraged to develop new cell-based and molecular treatment strategies to encourage bone and soft tissue regeneration in oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery.
Feasibility of Utilizing PREMM Score for Lynch Syndrome Identification in an Urban, Minority Patient Population:

The PREMM5 model is a web-based clinical prediction algorithm that estimates the gene-specific risk of an individual carrying a Lynch syndrome germline mutation based on targeted family history que...
Stability on {0, 1, 2, …}S: Birth-Death Chains and Particle Systems

A strong negative dependence property for measures on {0, 1} n - stability - was recently developed in [5], by considering the zero set of the probability generating function. We extend this property to the more general setting of reaction-diffusion processes and collections of independent Markov chains. In one dimension the generalized stability property is now independently interesting, and we characterize the birth-death chains preserving it.
Reliability and Integrity of Large Computer Programs

Abstract : The report discusses the reliability and correctness of computer programs. Methods for decreasing costs, increasing efficiency, improving security, and testing of large computer programs are presented.