cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ABNORMAL IMAGING FINDINGS OF THE FEMORAL THIRD TROCHANTER IN 20 HORSES

Injuries involving the femoral third trochanter are an uncommon but important source of equine lameness; however, clinical localization can be challenging. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe ultrasonographic and scintigraphic findings in a group of horses with presumed third trochanter injury. Medical records of an equine referral hospital were searched from 2004-2014, and 20 horses met the inclusion criteria. Lesions consistent with third trochanter fracture were identified with ultrasound in 14/20 horses. Onset of lameness was acute (11), insidious (2), or unknown (1). All but one horse was lame at presentation, ranging from Grade 2-4/5. Ultrasound was the primary diagnostic modality in 5/14 horses with fragmentation, while scintigraphic findings of intense (3), moderate (5), and mild (1) increased radiopharmaceutical uptake (IRU) prompted ultrasonographic examinations in 9/14 fractured horses. A nondisplaced fracture was suspected in an additional horse with intense IRU and negative ultrasound findings. In the remaining five horses, imaging findings included only mild IRU. Lameness was localized to other regions in these cases. Six of 12 fractured horses with available outcome data were returned to function after a prolonged rehabilitation of 8-18 months. Scintigraphic findings helped to direct focused ultrasound exams in the majority of fracture cases. Horses with evidence of third trochanter fracture had similar clinical characteristics to that reported for pelvic fractures and authors therefore recommend ultrasonographic examination of both regions, especially when scintigraphy is unavailable. Prognosis for return to function in horses of the current study was less favorable than previously reported.
Development and test of a cognitive rules model of interaction goals

Although scholars frequently describe communication as goal oriented, they offer limited detail about how people form interaction goals in situations. This paper presents a “Cognitive Rules” model which specifies assumptions about the structures and processes underlying goal formation. According to the model, people represent their knowledge about goals within an associative network model of memory, which contains cognitive rules linking situational features and desired outcomes. People's likelihood of forming a goal depends on the accessibility of relevant cognitive rules as well as the fit between perceived situational features and rules. An experiment testing these assumptions is reported. As predicted, a priming manipulation influenced interaction goals in attributionally ambiguous but not in attributionally clear compliance‐gaining situations. Unexpectedly, the effect of priming on goals occurred only for people high in construct differentiation. Implications of these findings for accounts of goal fo...
High performance air-cooled temperature margining thermal tools for silicon validation

Thermal tools provide temperature margining capability by varying the case temperature at silicon thermal design power (TDP). They are used for process, voltage, temperature and frequency (PVTF) testing by Intel's post-silicon validation customers across servers, desktops, mobile and graphics segments. Thermal margining tools are widely used in silicon debug validation by varying the case temperature over a wide operating range of specifications of the Silicon to i) validate the silicon, ii) accelerate fault detection, and iii) reduce escapes and identify bugs. Thermal tool is controlled by a thermal controller to provide a temperature set-point based on the device under test's (DUT's) case or junction diode temperature. Air cooled thermal tool (AC-TT) employs a controller card to achieve the margining capability by running the tool's thermoelectric cooler (TEC), a Peltier device, within the optimal temperature range. AC-TT has an active heat sink design to remove the heat dissipated by the TEC and the silicon. Although AC-TT is expected to provide narrower range of margining capability due to the limitations of air cooling, they still can be an excellent solution for some specific thermal margining applications. Therefore, a new line of AC-TTs were developed for validation customers whose needs can be addressed without requiring costly controllers and noisy chillers while enhancing the user-experience. This paper presents the design improvement strategies implemented for developing the new line of CPU, Chipset and ASIC AC-TTs. Improved designs provide wider margining capability by using i) high performance active heat sink designs, ii) high power thermo-electric cooler (TEC), iii) cold plate designs compatible to keep out volume (KOV), iv) new choice of thermal interface material (TIM), and v) new retention design. This paper discusses the details of the design process and how multiple design strategies are implemented to finalize the design and to achieve the overall performance improvement while keeping the cost of the AC-TT low. The new line of AC-TT designs have performance improvement of 44% (∼25C) for 130W CPU TT compared to existing CPU AC-TT, of 32% (∼19C) for 60W chipset compared to existing chipset AC-TT, and of 41% (∼8C) compared to existing 15W PCH (Peripheral Component Hub) AC-TT. Design strategies provided here can be easily adapted to develop future generation of low-cost CPU, chipset, and ASIC AC-TTs with a wider margining capability.
Can Vaccines Cause Cancer

The allegation that vaccines cause cancer pits science and evidence against Internet mythology and out-of-context information. Theories espoused on the Internet flourish suggesting a link between rises in cancer rates with an increase in the distribution of vaccines. None of the theories are based on scientific evidence. Every day we know more about what actually causes cancer, how vaccines can prevent cancer and sometimes even treat cancer, and how vaccines are studied carefully for any adverse effects and continue to be improved. This chapter will describe the infectious causes of cancers, discuss vaccines that can prevent infections and thereby prevent cancer, describe vaccines used to treat cancer, and finally, provide facts to dispute the controversies and myths associating vaccines with the development of cancers.
Visualization and empowerment

Data visualization, commonly used to make large sets of numerical data more legible, also has enormous potential as a storytelling tool to elicit insights on long-standing social problems. It can help to synthesize diverse personal narratives about history, causes and impacts, and thereby give a voice to populations seeking to create change.In this work, we explore the potential for using data visualization as a vehicle for social change through creative engagement. Our intent is to design and deploy an interactive visualization of development in the Dominican Republic which brings empathy to the society's cultural psychology, helps frame limitations and challenges, and highlights opportunities for progress. Some of the major challenges in designing this work lie in layering both the "big picture" perspective - historical events and statistical trends - with personal narratives - vivid stories that illuminate the current state of the society. We discuss how this work can foster conversations and promote creative thought, motivating actions that can transform the current state of the country.
Coping With Life Events Through Possible Selves1

This study examines the integration of life events into the possible-selves repertoire and explores the potential relationship between event-related possible selves and coping. The sample consisted of 198 participants between 18 and 84 years old. Participants were given the Possible Selves Interview, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, and the Ways of Coping Checklist–Revised. The results indicate that a positive correlation exists between the stress level of a life event and the degree to which that event integrates into the possible-selves repertoire. A life event that demonstrates a high degree of integration results in a positive impact on coping. This study paves the way for prevention programs aimed at promoting an individual's well-being while facing challenging life events across adulthood.
A field investigation of the relationship between oscillation ripple spacinng and the near-bottom water orbital motions

ABSTRACT Measurements of oscillation ripples have been obtained in the high-energy wave environment off the Oregon coast, and in the relatively mild summer-wave environment near Fisher's Island, New York. Scuba-equipped divers measured ripple characteristics while the simultaneous causative near-bottom orbital motions were determined from a wave pressure transducer and electromagnetic current meter mounted near the bottom. The data collected in this study, together with previously published field measurements of oscillation ripples, are compared with empirical relationships for ripple geometry based on laboratory data. As expected, the field data are more scattered than the laboratory data. Reasons for this scatter include several wave spectral effects, ocean waves in the study areas having wi e spectra in contrast to the simple harmonic motions of the laboratory devices. Any selected trend that relates the ripple spacing to the wave orbital motions must take into consideration this spectrum and the manner in which the orbital parameters are defined. Orbital parameters calculated from a significant wave height were found to give the best comparison with the laboratory results.
A system for disaggregating residential electricity consumption by appliance

THERE are many oppotunities for reducing electricity consumption in buildings, but identifying and quantifying them is often perceived to be too time-consuming or too expensive to justify. The average consumer currently receives a monthly bill as a signal of their consumption. Most building owners don't have a good sense of how much energy different appliances and activities consume. In fact, people consistently over-estimate the impact of less-energy-consuming appliances and less-effective conservation activities, and under-estimate the impact of more-energy-consuming appliances and more-effective conservation activities [1].
Construction of a yeast artificial chromosome library of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and identification of clones from the Bs2 resistance locus

A yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library was constructed using high-molecular-weight DNA isolated from pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaf protoplasts. Insert DNA was prepared by partial digestion using EcoRI and subjected to electrophoretic fractionation before in-gel ligation to the pJS97/98 YAC vector. Prior to transformation of yeast spheroplasts, ligation products were subjected to a second electrophoretic size selection. The library consists of about 19 000 clones with an average insert size of 500 kb, thus representing approximately three haploid genome equivalents. Three PCR-based markers tightly linked to the pepper Bs2 resistance gene were used to assess the utility of this library for positional cloning. Three YAC clones containing pepper genomic DNA from the Bs2 resistance locus were isolated from the library. The clones ranged in size from 270 kb to 1.2 Mb and should prove useful for the cloning of the Bs2 gene.
Legal Process and the Discovery of Better Policies for Fostering Innovation and Growth

Our chapter concerns how legal process can lead to efficient policies for fostering innovation and growth. Future innovation will depend at least as much on how laws are made as on a priori analyses of the optimal content of those laws. Of particular importance is whether U.S. choice of law and choice of forum rules promote an efficient market for law. Our analysis supports three suggestions for improving the law to support growth. First, the rules governing the selection of the jurisdiction whose law governs productive activity can significantly affect growth and innovation. Second, any proposal aimed at increasing growth through a change in law or legal institutions should take account of the existence of multiple jurisdictions and parties’ ability to choose the jurisdiction whose law controls their transactions. Third, we suggest harnessing the power of jurisdictional competition among the states through a federal law enforcing contracting parties’ choice of law except to the extent states legislatively override the choice of law and regulate local transactions. We apply this analysis to several areas of the law that are critical to growth and innovation: non-competition clauses, business associations, the legal profession, internet law, insurance, property law, products liability, and franchise regulation.
Getting Away with the Stolen Vehicle: An Investigation of Journey-after-Crime∗

Analyses of criminals' travel patterns can provide significant suggestions to improve crime management. This study extends the investigation of criminals' travel behavior from journey-to-crime to journey-after-crime. Moreover, new methods are developed to examine the spatial patterns of location pairs when restricted by the underlying geographical process. The methods are employed to investigate criminals' journey-after-auto-theft in the city of Buffalo, New York. The analyses reveal that auto thieves' trips from vehicle-theft locations to the corresponding vehicle-recovery locations are local in nature. The travel distances are significantly shorter than the randomly simulated trips; the travel directions are biased from the random directions as well.
Exercise ECG analysis and measurement using an expert system approach

The difficulties of computerized analysis and measurement of the ECG (electrocardiogram) during exercise testing are compounded by the increases in noise and signal complexity at higher workloads and heart rates. By incorporating a hybrid expert-system structure in the analysis approach, information from the serial exercise ECG records are submitted to statistical and heuristic decision-logic to improve the accuracy of detection and measurement algorithms. Thus, in a manner similar to an expert cardiologist, the ECG analysis utilizes findings from previous records to aid in its determinations during each current record as the exercise test progresses. >
More than half of patients in a large fibromyalgia study have a depressive trait style and report more severe symptom profiles

In this issue of the Scandinavian Journal of Pain, Toussaint and coworkers [1] report on the relationship between different affective trait styles and severity of fibromyalgia symptoms. Understanding the interaction between pain pathophysiology and dispositional affect has long been the holy grail of clinical pain research, especially since effective treatment for long-term pain is limited and the psychiatric comorbidity is high. In addition to enhanced management of chronic pain, increased knowledge about pain and affective trait styles could potentially lead to prevention of disease, as negative mood may not only be the consequence of long-term pain, but also a catalyst in the vicious circle that transforms acute pain into long-term pain and disability [2].
Improving Fairness With Novel Adaptive Routing in Optical Burst-Switched Networks

In most existing studies of optical burst-switched networks, adaptive routing is based on deflection routing and/or feedback from the past intervals which often introduces excessive transmission delay and architectural complexity. Our proposed novel adaptive routing schemes, however, consider the transient link congestion at the moment when the bursts arrive and have potential to reduce the overall burst loss probability. Moreover, they can utilize the same offset times for the same node pairs implying zero additional transmission delay and simplicity. The proposed hop-by-hop routing schemes also aim to address the intrinsic unfairness defect of existing popular signaling protocols by increasing the effective link utilization. The results show that the proposed schemes generally outperform shortest path routing and depending on the routing strategy involved, the network topology and the traffic load, this improvement can be substantial. We develop analytical loss models to demonstrate the need for such an adaptive routing scheme at each hop and show its effectiveness. We also verify the analytical results by simulation.
Optimum error nonlinearities for LMS adaptation

An examination is made of the effect of a memoryless nonlinearity acting upon the error in LMS (least-mean-square) adaptation. Results for E(e/sup 2K/) minimization are extended to general nonlinear error adaptation, and equations expressing bounds on step size, time constants, and misadjustment are derived. A general performance factor expressing the improvement in misadjustment over standard LMS adaptation for a given convergence rate is presented. Using the calculus of variations, it is shown that the optimum nonlinearity to minimize misadjustment is -p'(x)/p(x), where p(x) is the probability density function of the uncorrelated plant noise. Comparisons of this result with the Cramer-Rao bound indicate that choice of this nonlinearity yields an asymptotically optimal stochastic gradient algorithm. Simulations verify the result that the optimum nonlinearity for minimizing misadjustment for Laplacian plant noise is sgn(x), and a 3-dB improvement is obtained under these conditions. >
Blinkered objections to bioethics: a response to Benatar

In a recent commentary, S R Benatar criticised the debates over organ donation and kidney selling for being located within a "narrow and inadequate framework". Benatar levels four charges against those who engage in the current organs debate: that they myopically focus on saving lives; that they accept the dominance of market orientated approaches to health care; that they reify individualism, and that they engage in limited moral arguments. Given the importance of the organs debate it is imperative that the misunderstandings of it on which Benatar's criticisms are based are dispelled. Accordingly, I will consider and reject each of his objections in turn.
Tunable Nonlinear Transmission Lines with switched varactors

Nonlinear Transmission Lines (NLTLs) have been used in many applications for waveform shaping and impedance engineering. To minimize insertion loss and jitter, adaptive impedance is desirable. Here we propose to use switched varactors on NLTL to achieve impedance-tuning. We present an analytical model to examine the impact of switch parasitics on the performance of the NLTL. We find that for a narrow range of switch series resistance, the NLTL can be made to compress the opposite edge of the input pulse. We report the first observation of this reverse-edge sharpening phenomenon in NLTLs fabricated with 0.18µm SOI technology.
Optimum routing of multicast streams

The authors show that the problem of optimally routing multicast streams can be formulated as an integer programming problem. They propose an efficient solution technique, composed of two parts: (i) an extension to the decomposition principle, to speed up the linear relaxation of the problem, and (ii) enhanced value-fixing rules, to prune the search space for the integer problem. They characterize the reduction in run time gained using these techniques. Finally, they compare the run times for the optimum multicast routing algorithm and for existing heuristic algorithms. >
An Investigation Into the Preparation, Properties, and Processing of SiC/AIN and Si3N4/AIN Solid Solutions from Organometallic Precursors.

Solid solutions of SiC and AIN have been prepared by the co-pyrolysis of polysilanes and organoaluminum amides. In the presence of ammonia. Si3N4 and AIN are formed. These materials are fully characterized by TEM, SAD, SEM, XRPD, and elemental analyses. The influence of reaction conditions, as well as precursor properties and reactivity, on the composition and morphology of these materials is addressed.
Parameter identification for the electrical modeling of semiconductor bridges.

Semiconductor bridges (SCBs) are commonly used as initiators for explosive and pyrotechnic devices. Their advantages include reduced voltage and energy requirements and exceptional safety features. Moreover, the design of systems which implement SCBs can be expedited using electrical simulation software. Successful use of this software requires that certain parameters be correctly chosen. In this paper, we explain how these parameters can be identified using optimization. We describe the problem focusing on the application of a direct optimization method for its solution, and present some numerical results.
A new structurally dissolvable self-reproducing loop evolving in a simple cellular automata space

We constructed a simple evolutionary system, "evoloop," on a deterministic nine-state five-neighbor cellular automata (CA) space by improving the structurally dissolvable self-reproducing loop we had previously contrived [14] after Langton's self-reproducing loop [7]. The principal role of this improvement is to enhance the adaptability (a degree of the variety of situations in which structures in the CA space can operate regularly) of the self-reproductive mechanism of loops. The experiment with evoloop met with the intriguing result that, though no mechanism was explicitly provided to promote evolution, the loops varied through direct interaction of their phenotypes, smaller individuals were naturally selected thanks to their quicker self-reproductive ability, and the whole population gradually evolved toward the smallest ones. This result gives a unique example of evolution of self-replicators where genotypical variation is caused by precedent phenotypical variation. Such interrelation of genotype and phenotype would be one of the important factors driving the evolutionary process of primitive life forms that might have actually occurred in ancient times.
Carbon Nanotube-Enhanced Growth of Silicon Nanowires as an Anode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Advanced lithium-ion batteries with high energy density, highrate capability, and excellent cycling performance are critically important for automotive and stationary energy storage applications such as electric vehicles, portable electronics, power tools, and energy storage for many types of renewable energy sources.[1–3] From the materials point of view, silicon is one of the most promising candidates as an anode material for these lithium-ion batteries owing to its abundance in nature, relatively low working potential, and highest known theoretical charge capacity of 4200 mAh g−1, 11 times higher than that of commercialized graphite.[4,5] One major challenge is that the dramatic volume change (>300%) for Si during lithium insertion and extraction processes causes capacity fading due to severe pulverization and electrical disconnection from the current collector, thus hindering practical applications.[5–8] In order to overcome these drawbacks, it is highly desirable to explore nanostructured silicon anodes with more robust architectures.[9–13] So far, silicon nanostructures (and their composites) with a variety of different dimensionalities, including nanoparticles,[14–18] nanospheres,[19] nanowires,[8,20–29] nanotubes,[30–32] nanoscale thin films,[7,33–35] and three-dimensional porous particles[36] have been reported to provide improved electrochemical performance over bulk silicon materials. These results are encouraging for the development of Si nanomaterials as potential building blocks for high-performance anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. Yet, scale-up and industrial implementation of these silicon nanostructures still lag behind and further improvements in overall performance, scalability, and cost are critically required. For example, silicon thin films exhibit highly improved cycling performance,[33,34] thanks to the anisotropy of their volume change. However, the optimized film thickness is usually a few hundred nanometers, which results in an areal capacity of ≈0.1 mAh cm−2, which is insufficient for application. Anodes made from one-dimensional silicon-based nanostructures can provide open space while remaining electrically connected to current collectors, allowing designs[8,12,13,30] which accommodate the volume change of silicon during lithium insertion. These nanostructures offer good contact with the current collectors at medium charge/discharge rate without
Influence of Interacting Factors on the Growth and Mortality of Juniperus Seedlings

The influence of environmental factors on Juniperus seedling growth and mortality in Juniperus woodlands and their role in community replacement or succession is poorly understood. A full factorial field experiment was set up to investigate the influence of adult tree canopies, light levels and water and nutrient additions on Juniperus ashei seedling growth and mortality. Relative growth rates calculated from basal diameter, height and number of seedling branches were used as response variables in a four- way multivariate analysis of variance, using canopy, light levels, water and nutrient manipulations as factors. The pattern of seedling growth in the experiment was best explained with two significant three- way interactions between the canopy, light level and water treatments (F = 2.21, P = 0.04) and light level, water and nutrient treatments (F = 3.01, P = 0.03). Greatest seedling relative growth rates occurred with modified light levels associated with canopies removed, with supplemental water and nutrients. Mortality was increased by shading with supplemental water, added nutrients or a combination of supplemental water and nutrients. Conversely, mortality was not affected by canopy treatment, but it was reduced with high light levels, the additions of nutrients, water or combinations of nutrients and water. Evidence suggests that growth of J. ashei seedlings and eventual replacement of the adults is most strongly influenced by light levels, and at higher light levels, both water and nutrients interact to support continued growth.
Cash Balance Pension Plans: Good News or Bad News?

Modification of defined benefit plans and conversion of defined contribution plans into Cash Balance Pension Plans (CBPs) has attracted a lot of attention recently. A comparison of the three plans and an examination of 10 companies reveal a significant financial incentive in favor of CBPs. The “good news” for a younger employee is level accrual of benefits and plan portability, and for stockholders, a smaller impact on net income. CBPs bear “bad news” for older and/or less mobile employees and the stockholders when the plan assets perform poorly.
OSAS in Specific Pediatric Populations

h T ere are a variety of pediatric patient groups that are at higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea due to a combination of factors that include craniofacial anatomy, muscular weakness, dysfunction in central control of breathing, medication use, and weight gain. In the next sections, we will discuss the pathophysiologic characteristics of specific pediatric populations that place these patients at risk of OSAS.
Coming, Going, and Staying: Mobility and Obstruction in Niamey, Niger

This paper explores the interactions between various migration flows that define contemporary Niamey. Throughout the past century, Niamey has been simultaneously a city of migrants from throughout Niger and a key staging ground for Nigeriens seeking to leave Niger. In the past decade, Niamey has also become a zone of “migration transition” (Castles and Miller 2009); that is, this traditional land of emigration has become a place of international migration and immigration as well. For example, in contrast with the desires of Nigeriens to leave the country, many West and Central Africans that have sought trans-Saharan migration en route to Europe have either become stranded in Niamey or found opportunities in the city and have decided to stay. Furthermore, recent conflicts in Cote d’Ivoire, Libya, Northern Nigeria, and Mali have to varying degrees closed these long-popular destinations to Nigerien emigrants, and have led tens of thousands of Nigeriens and others to flee these countries and move to Niamey and elsewhere in Niger.
Analysis on LI Na's Report Constructed by Mainstreamed Foreign Media

Sports news report becomes a more and more important way to cross-cultural communication in this globe era. This paper studied on theme,keywords and information source of the reports,which published by The Times, New York Times and Times of India,about LI Na won the woman's Grand Slam title in 2011 French Open. The Times spread out a classic woman tennis star image which with powerful and charming personality. But New York Times showed a modern female image with pursuit of independed and freedom,beyond tennis circle,whereas Times of India created a image of decisive and quick-witted in job and a traditional oriental female who depended on her husband in family. These indicated that because of different geographical locations,social regulations,interest groups and political tendencies of journalist,different medias cannot avoid discrepancy when report a person or an event.
Analysis and Control of Ethyl Carbamate in Chinese Rice Wine

Ethyl carbamate(EC) is one of the carcinogenic substances in rice wine.The content of ethyl carbamate in 42 yellow rice wines from Guangdong market were analyzed by GC/MS in this paper.28 samples contained EC of more than 30 μg/kg,being 66.67% of the total sample tested,7 samples showed high EC content of more than 100 μg/kg(standard for EC content in Japanese sake),with the maximum value of up to 1210 μg/kg.The effect of urease on content of EC was studied.It was found that that adding urease into the yellow rice wine can reduce the content of urea and break the main pathway for the production of EC.So the content of EC can be reduced.Based on the single element experiment,the conditions for urease treatment in wine were optimized by orthogonal experiment as follows: urease concentration 150 mg/L,treatment temperature 25 ℃,pH 3.5 and treatment time 10 days.Under these conditions,the content of ethyl carbamate could reduce by 45.83%.
Application of the bundle care in premature infants with mechanical ventilation

Objective To explore the effects of bundle care in premature infants with mechanical ventilation. Methods Totally,109 premature infants with mechanical ventilation were received bundle care and 97 cases were received routine care. Results After application of bundle care management,the incidence of pneumonia infection of premature infants was decreased,the duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stays were shorted( P 0. 01).Conclusion Bundle care management in premature infants with mechanical ventilation can promote recovery of premature infants,which is worthy of clinical popularization and application.
A Quality Improvement Program for Hemodialysis Vascular Access

The effective delivery of dialysis requires repeated reliable access to the central circulation capable of providing rapid extracorporeal blood flow. Unfortunately, this access to the circulation continues to be the "weak link" in the effective delivery of long-term hemodialysis therapy. This will likely become an even greater problem in the future as increasing numbers of patients with limited access sites secondary to advanced age and atherosclerosis enter the end-stage renal program. Therefore, the preservation of these limited vascular access sites is imperative. Vascular access thrombosis is the leading cause of graft loss and venous stenosis is the major cause of graft thrombosis. Early detection of venous stenosis through careful inspection of the graft combined with measurements of venous outflow pressure and urea recirculation can identify venous access stenosis. Identification of these lesions combined with preemptive repair improves dialysis efficiency and preserves vascular access. When these techniques are used, a dramatic impact on dialysis fistula patency and function can be seen.
Influence of Cells and Plasma on In vitro Survival of Malaria Sporozoites.

SummaryIn a study of the role of cells and plasma in retention of infectivity of sporozoites of P. cathemerium 3H2 in canary blood and the failure of such retention in hen blood, it was found that (a) survival occurs in hen whole blood provided a small amount of canary whole blood is present; (b) it does not occur in either canary or hen plasma alone; (c) it occurs in either canary or hen plasma if canary cells are present whether or not hen cells are simultaneously present but does not occur in either plasma if only hen cells are present; (d) it occurs in canary plasma to a greater extent if canary white cells (somewhat contaminated with canary red cells) are present than if canary red cells (somewhat contaminated with white cells) are present. The possible significance of the findings is discussed.
Propranolol inhibits bile acid and fatty acid stimulation of cyclic AMP in human colon.

Diarrhea resulting from the action on the colon of excess bile acids and fatty acids appears to be mediated by cyclic AMP (cAMP) in animal experiments. Propranolol, an adenyl cyclase inhibitor, prevents this colonic secretion in rabbits in vivo. The aim was to determine in human colonic mucosa the effect on cAMP of bile acids, fatty acids, catecholamines, and propranolol. In normal colonic mucosa obtained at surgery, the effects on cAMP synthesis of deoxycholic acid, 10− 5 m, cholic acid, 10− 5 m, 9,10-hydroxystearic acid, 10− 5 m, oleic acid, 10− 5 m, epinephrine, 10− 4 m, and norepinephrine, 10− 4 m, were studied in six experiments. In tissue incubated with deoxycholic acid or 9,10-hydroxystearic acid, 10− 5 m, six more experiments studied the effect on cAMP of propranolol, 10− 6 m, with and without epinephrine, 10− 4 m, or norepinephrine, 10− 4m. Results: Deoxycholic acid, 10− 5 m, increased adenylate cyclase (AC) activity 203% (P Conclusions: (1) Deoxycholic acid and 9,10-hydroxystearic acid stimulate AC in human colonic mucosa, suggesting that bile acid- and fatty acid-induced diarrhea are mediated by the cAMP system. (2) Because propranolol prevents this AC stimulation, propranolol should be investigated as a possible treatment for these diarrheal conditions.
Preclinical pharmacology of sertraline: A potent and specific inhibitor of serotonin reuptake.

Specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors constitute a new class of psychotherapeutic agents that promote enhanced central serotonergic neurotransmission in animal studies. Sertraline, a member of this class, exhibits considerable potency and specificity in inhibiting serotonin neuronal reuptake in preclinical studies. Thus, it is likely to exert antidepressant activity without significant anticholinergic, cardiovascular, and sedative side effects. Other animal studies demonstrating decreases in food intake and body weight and reduction in voluntary alcohol consumption after sertraline administration suggest a potential for wider clinical application.
Effects of space allocation and temperature on periparturient maternal behaviors, steroid concentrations, and piglet growth rates

Preparturient sows were randomly assigned to either a farrowing crate (n = 12) or farrowing pen (n = 12) across cool and hot seasons (with or without drip cooling) to study space allocation and temperature effects on periparturient maternal behaviors, steroid concentrations, and piglet growth rates. Concentrations of estradiol-17β (E 2 β), progesterone (P 4 ), and cortisol were quantified in blood collected from surgically implanted vena cava cannulas. Sows were videotaped from 2 h before to 2 h after farrowing. Similar periparturient behaviors were displayed by all sows, regardless of farrowing environment. Sows in pens had lower (P <.05) prepartum P 4 concentrations from d -6 to the day preceding farrowing and a reduced (P <.05) piglet birth interval compared with sows in crates (12.95 ± 1.35 min vs 18.31 ± 2.21 min, respectively). Additionally, compared with multiparous sows in crates, multiparous sows in pens weaned heavier piglets (P <.05). Estradiol-17β concentrations were lower (P <.01) throughout lactation during hot weather for sows with or without drip cooling, averaging 9.30 pg/mL and 8.57 pg/mL, respectively, compared with 18.65 pg/mL for sows during cool weather. This decrease in E 2 β concentration in sows during hot weather was correlated with an extended (P <.05) interval from weaning to first estrus for the sows in hot weather compared to sows during cool weather. Cortisol concentrations decreased progressively during lactation and were not associated with litter weight gains or the interval between weaning and first estrus.
Stromal Progenitor Cells in Mitigation of Non-hematopoietic Radiation Injuries

Therapeutic exposure to high doses of radiation can severely impair organ function due to ablation of stem cells. Normal tissue injury is a dose-limiting toxicity for radiation therapy (RT). Although advances in the delivery of high-precision conformal RT has increased normal tissue sparing, mitigating and therapeutic strategies that could alleviate early and chronic radiation effects are urgently needed in order to deliver curative doses of RT, especially in abdominal, pelvic, and thoracic malignancies. Radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury is also a major cause of lethality from accidental or intentional exposure to whole-body irradiation in the case of nuclear accidents or terrorism. This review examines the therapeutic options for mitigation of non-hematopoietic radiation injuries. We have developed stem cell-based therapies for the mitigation of acute radiation syndrome and radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome. This is a promising option because of the robustness of standardized isolation and transplantation of stromal cell protocols, and their ability to support and replace radiation-damaged stem cells and stem cell niche. Stromal progenitor cells (SPC) represent a unique multipotent and heterogeneous cell population with regenerative, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. SPC are also known to secrete various key cytokines and growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factors, keratinocyte growth factor, R-spondins, and may consequently exert their regenerative effects via paracrine function. Additionally, secretory vesicles such as exosomes or microparticles can potentially be a cell-free alternative replacing the cell transplant in some cases. This review highlights the beneficial effects of SPC on tissue regeneration with their ability to (a) target the irradiated tissues, (b) recruit host stromal cells, (c) regenerate endothelium and epithelium, (d) and secrete regenerative and immunomodulatory paracrine signals to control inflammation, ulceration, wound healing, and fibrosis.
Laurenz Lütteken and Elmar Weingarten, Der entfesselte Prometheus: Der antike Mythos in der Musik um 1900

Greek and Roman mythology’s potent influence is evident throughout the history of Western art music. The first and almost all later generations of opera composers set librettos derived from classic...
Topology optimization of composite structures with data-driven resin filling time manufacturing constraint

This paper presents a framework for modeling the data-driven manufacturing constraints and integrating them into the structural topology optimization. The empirical surrogate model of manufacturing constraints is constructed by mining the results of numerical process simulations of massively sampled topologies, using statistical learning. During optimization, the manufacturing constraints are modeled as additional objectives to the structural performance objective, and the multi-objective topology optimization is solved by the Kriging-interpolated level-set (KLS) approach and the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). The resulting Pareto frontiers offer opportunities to select the designs with some sacrifice in structural performance, yet improved manufacturability. An example of topology optimization of composite structures considering resin filling time showed the process of the proposed framework, and demonstrated its feasibility. Due to the proposed abstract topology features inspired by underlying physics of the filling process, the surrogate model of resin filling time is far more generalizable than the traditional surrogate models based on, e.g., bitmap and local feature representation. In particular, the model can reasonably be applied to the situations with the different inlet gate locations and initial bounding boxes from the training set, while the traditional surrogate models fail in such situations. Three case studies for composite structure topology optimization are discussed with different inlet gate locations and initial bounding boxes in order to show the robustness of the data-driven resin filling time predictive model.
Teaching Mindfulness with Mindfulness of Race and Other Forms of Diversity

At a recent retreat for mindfulness teachers in Europe, one of my fellow attendees, a man who, if asked, we would identify as “white,” who spoke with a European accent, noted that I was the only “Black woman” in the group of more than 200. “I imagine you’re used to that, though,” he said. I nodded, and we continued on without further reflection on these apparent facts. After all, he was right: in over years of experience within a variety of communities focused on practicing and teaching mindfulness, I have more often than not been one of the few, if not the only Black woman in the room. Within and across a variety of mainstream, Western mindfulness communities, people of color across the spectrum remain significantly underrepresented (Kaleem, 2012).
Rates and Predictors of Readmission Following Body Contouring Procedures: An Analysis of 5100 Patients From The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database

Background Hospital readmissions can be a major contributor to increased healthcare costs and are a salient current topic in healthcare. There is a paucity of large, prospective studies that evaluate rates and risk factors of readmission within the aesthetic subset of plastic surgery. Objectives The authors propose to determine the rates of unplanned readmission following body contouring procedures and to analyze the predictors associated with it. Methods The 2011 and 2012 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database was queried for body contouring procedures using the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology codes. The rate of unplanned readmission, preoperative risk factors, comorbidities, and medical and surgical postoperative complications data were analyzed using multivariate regression models to determine predictors of readmission after these procedures. Results We identified 5100 patients who underwent body contouring procedures, of which 142 (2.8%) experienced an unplanned readmission. Forty-eight per cent of readmitted patients experienced at least one surgical complication, and 23.9% experienced at least one medical complication. Multivariate regression analyses identified several independent predictors of unplanned readmission: increasing age (odds ratio [OR] 1.018 per year, P = 0.039), bleeding disorders (OR 3.674, P = 0.039), increased operative time (each additional hour conferring a 20% increased risk), surgical complications (OR 19.179, P < 0.001), and medical complications (OR 10.240, P < 0.001). Conclusions The unplanned readmission rate for body contouring procedures is low overall (2.8%). We identified age, bleeding disorders, operative duration, and postoperative complication as independent risk factors for unplanned readmission. These data can help guide preoperative risk stratification and future interventions in high-risk patient populations. Level of Evidence 2.
DC2 Outcomes of Damage Control Surgery: General

Trauma is one of the leading causes of death in individuals 1–44 years of age. Individuals with major abdominal trauma development of coagulopathy, metabolic acidosis, hemodynamic instability, infections, and pulmonary complications have been shown to significantly increase morbidity and mortality. The development of damage control operative and resuscitative strategies has been monumental in improving outcomes of the severely truncal injured patient. Damage control laparotomy use allows for correction of physiologic derangements and definitive operative intervention under more controlled and ideal circumstances and decrease development of abdominal compartment syndrome. A consequence of increased use of damage control strategies is the increase in need to manage the open abdomen in trauma patients. Advances leading to improved outcomes in damage control and open abdomens have been the increased use of negative-pressure wound therapy systems, improved ICU care, nutritional support, and improved operative techniques. Continued improvement in these areas has led to decrease mortality as well as morbidity from entities such as fistula, ventral hernia, pneumonias, and prolonged ICU stays. Further investigations and well-done studies are required to continue to advance damage control strategies both from operative and resuscitative standpoints.
Disseminated Mycobacterium Avium Complex infection in Acquired Immunedeficiency Syndrome patient

In the United States, the most common non-tuberculous species causing human diseases are slowly growing species; Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium kansasii and rapidly growing species; Mycobacterium abscessus . With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy and MAC prophylaxis, disseminated MAC disease is seen infrequently. We report a case of 33-Year-old HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), non-compliant patient presented with disseminated MAC disease. Sputum AFB smear, culture, and Bone marrow biopsy revealed Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare by DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) probe. Following confirmation, he was initiated on Clarithromycin, Ethambutol and Rifabutin for one year of duration with follow up as outpatient.
Structure and Catalytic Properties of Human DNA Polymerases α and β

In this paper we shall describe some of our recent studies on the structure and catalytic properties of DNA polymerases a and 8 (1) that we have purified from cultured human KB cells and from adult human livers. The principal topics of discussion will be the definition of the polypeptide composition of near homogeneous KB cell DNA polymerase a, the problem of the intracellular localization of polymerase a, and the results of our initial studies on the specific in Vitro replication of human D-loop mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by near homogeneous human DNA polymerase
Prolactin, Fructose, and Zinc Levels Found in Human Seminal Plasma*

Fructose, zinc, and prolactin determinations were performed on the seminal plasma of normospermic (n = 30), oligospermic (n = 30), and azoospermic (n = 30) men to determine whether there was a correlation between any of these substances and seminal quality. None of these azoospermic men had congenital bilateral absence of the vasa, but in a separate group of such men (n = 10) these same studies were performed. Fructose was determined photometrically, zinc by atomic absorption, and prolactin by radioimmunoassay. Zinc and fructose levels in all three groups showed no statistical differences. Prolactin was found to be significantly higher in the seminal plasma of normospermic men than was found in the seminal plasma of oligospermic or azoospermic men. In men with congenital bilateral absence of the vasa and seminal vesicles, zinc was elevated, fructose was absent, and prolactin was markedly depressed.
3D structural-orientation vector guided autotracking for weak seismic reflections: A new tool for shale reservoir visualization and interpretation

AbstractRecognizing and tracking weak reflections, which are characterized by low amplitude, low signal-to-noise ratio, and low degree of lateral continuity, is a long-time issue in 3D seismic inte...