cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The feasibility of a community-based directly administered antiretroviral therapy program

Improved treatment-adherence support programs are needed to help human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons comply with complex highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) regimens. In an experimental directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) program, treatment-naive and treatment-experienced persons who experienced failure of no more than 1 prior regimen were recruited from 3 public HIV/AIDS clinics in Los Angeles County. For 6 months, trained community workers observed ingestion of 1 of 2 daily HAART doses, 5 days per week, and questioned the patient about the second dose, which enabled intense adherence monitoring and real-time intervention. From November 2001 through November 2003, there were 67 DAART patients enrolled (69% Latino, 21% African American, and 9% white; 63% with annual income of <10,000 dollars). Preliminary findings show that a DAART program based in 3 public HIV/AIDS clinics was feasible in a low-income urban population. Effective communication between the DAART staff, the medical providers, and the pharmacy is essential for the successful implementation of this program.
Rememberer: A Tool for Capturing Museum Visits

We report on our experiences implementing and testing Rememberer, a tool for recording visits to museums. We describe field trials at the Exploratorium, an interactive science museum in San Francisco. This challenging environment enabled us to verify that Rememberer interferes little with the social, hands-on nature of Exploratorium visits and has promise as a vehicle for post-visit reflection and communication.
Obtaining the equations of motion for parametrically coupled oscillators or waves

When the equations of motion for any parametric system are written in terms of an appropriate set of normal modes, these equations have a general coupled-mode form which depends on the number of frequency components present and on the order of nonlinearity considered, but not on any other details of the specific system considered. This paper presents a simple procedure, based on a Hamiltonian approach, for obtaining the most general set of parametric coupled-mode equations for any number of frequency components and any order of nonlinearity. The procedure applies to parametrically coupled normal modes which grow in time, or to parametrically coupled waves which grow in distance and/or in time. The general equations obtained in this way are useful for pedagogic purposes and for general discussions of parametric interactions; for checking or even for bypassing detailed derivations on specific physical systems; and for proving the Manley-Rowe relations, which emerge very directly from the resulting general equations.
Evaluation of photodynamic therapy near functional brain tissue in patients with recurrent brain tumors.

Summary Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the selective retention of a photosensitizer that upon activation with light mediates tumor cell destruction via the production of singlet oxygen. This study evaluates the toxicity of PDT and a new light-delivery device based on light-emitting diode (LED) technology in selected patients with brain tumors. Methods: Twenty patients with recurrent malignant brain tumors received 22 treatments with PDT. Sixteen tumors were supratentorial and four tumors were infratentorial. Patients received IV Photofrin ® 24 h prior to light exposure starting at 0.75 mg kg −1 . Laser and LED arrays were used to deliver 100 J cm −2 of light to the sensitized tumors. Fourteen patients received PDT with a laser-balloon adapter, two via interstitial optical fibers and five patients had LED based PDT. At the maximum Photofrin ® dose of 2.0 mg kg −1 five patients received laser-balloon adapter light and five patients received LED light. In addition, three patients received LED light with 0.25 mg kg −1 of Visudine ® , a benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD). Quantitative analysis of toxicity and time to progression was performed. Results: Two patients had toxicity consisting of ataxia and facial weakness after treatment with interstitial fibers. Escalating doses of Photofrin ® were tolerated to the maximum dose of 2.0 mg kg −1 . BPD did not result in additional toxicity. PDT in the posterior fossa or near eloquent brain was tolerated using the LED or laser-balloon adapter. All patients had tumor responses as documented by MRI scan and the mean time to tumor progression after PDT was 67 weeks. Conclusion: PDT with LED balloon adapters (also tunable dye laser) has acceptable toxicity in brain tumor patients. Future studies using more effective photosensitizers could improve local recurrence control.
Nationwide antibiogram analysis using NCCLS M39-A guidelines.

Lack of standardization in antibiogram (ABGM) preparation (the overall profile of antimicrobial susceptibility results of a microbial species to a battery of antimicrobial agents) has not been addressed until recently. The objective of this study was to analyze current antibiograms using the recently published NCCLS M39-A guidelines for preparation of antibiograms to identify areas for improvement in the reporting of antibiogram susceptibility data. Antibiograms from across the United States were obtained by various methods, including direct mailings, Internet searches, and professional contacts. Each ABGM collected was analyzed using prospectively defined elements from the M39-A guidelines. Additionally, seven quality indicators were also evaluated to look for the reporting of any atypical or inappropriate susceptibility data. The 209 antibiograms collected from 149 institutions showed at least 85% compliance to 5 of the 10 M39-A elements analyzed. Clinically relevant elements not met included annual analysis, duplicate isolate notation, and the exclusion of organisms with fewer than 10 isolates. As for the quality indicators evaluated, unexpected results included the 7% of antibiograms that reported 0% ampicillin susceptibility for Klebsiella pneumoniae. These findings suggest that antibiograms should be reviewed thoroughly by infectious disease specialists (physicians and pharmacists), clinical microbiologists, and infection control personnel for identification of abnormal findings prior to distribution.
Perspectives on Women's Development: Instructional Implications in Higher Education

Theories of development typically explain developmental progress as a linear process with individuals moving through stages of development and becoming more independent and autonomous with each stage. While there are several theories of development, all of them suggest that there are gender differences in the way individuals develop. Perspectives on women’s development have become more prevalent with the growing awareness related to gender equity issues in education and the workplace. These theories of development suggest that women have a need to feel connected and that they tend to define themselves in terms of their relationships with others. With women over the age of 25 increasingly represented as students in institutions of higher education, the importance of examining these perspectives and understanding the instructional implications associated with them is becoming all the more important. This paper contains reviews of contemporary and emerging theories of human development as they relate to women. In addition, the author analyzed responses of two women, one a traditional student, and the other non-traditional with regard to their college experiences. There are two general instructional recommendations. The first is that educators working with adult learners should always focus on individual growth. The second is they should incorporate educational practices that support student
Intensity dependent geminate recombination in water

Abstract We have observed an intensity dependent geminate recombination of electrons in neat water. Since the recombination dynamics occurs on a time scale comparable to the solvation dynamics, the kinetics characteristic of an isosbestic wavelength are obscured. We have hypothesized that this intensity-dependent geminate recombination is due to the existence of two mechanisms for electron production with different characteristic thermalization distances. These results clarify the discrepancy between experiments at higher intensities and those at lower intensities.
Divergent Thinking in the Construction of Architectural Models

The article examines one little understood but ubiquitous form of divergent thinking achieved intermittently during the act of drawing or modeling. It is argued that this phenomenon, here called intermittent divergence, is rooted in a special kind of interaction between perception and imagination, and that this interaction has specific experiential requirements. Three requirements are defined. The resulting new theory then provides a framework for the critical analysis of conventional digital modeling and parametric modeling. Conventional modeling methods are shown to satisfy the requirements for intermittent divergence, while parametric modeling methods are shown to undermine them. The article concludes that parametric systems, as currently developed, could inhibit rather than augment this important route to creativity. Additionally, the article questions prevailing beliefs about the computer support of creativity, including the premise that sketching is an ideal creative medium and the premise that ambi...
Explaining U.S. Policy toward the Caribbean Basin: Fixed and Emerging Images

To understand the complex developments in the Caribbean Basin and the U.S. response to them, one needs an image, an interpretive framework. A review of the current literature suggests two clear and coherent images: the security thesis, best articulated by the Reagan administration, views the crisis in the region as orchestrated by the Soviet Union, and the U.S. as playing a beneficial role historically and currently; and the neodependency antithesis, more prevalent in the literature, views the U.S. as the major historical and contemporary problem for the region. Scholars, questioning assumptions that underlie the two theses, have contributed insights on the impact of local actors and middle powers on U.S. policy. A new “interactive perspective” is constructed from these insights; it differs from both the other images in viewing the region as composed of actors, not passive objects. Though U.S. power is disproportionate, local actors have other means of leverage, which makes their actions crucial in understanding the patterns and possibilities of U.S. policy.
Barriers to the use of genetic information for the development of new epilepsy treatments

Genetic analysis is providing new information on the biological basis of epilepsy at a rapid pace; this article identifies factors acting as major barriers to use of these data for therapy development. Disease heterogeneity is a primary obstacle since so many genes can cause or predispose to epilepsy and the clinical presentation of epilepsy is so diverse, thus making it difficult to define the most therapeutically relevant targets. Further, many epilepsy genes affect brain development, an observation that represents a barrier unto itself given the challenge of reversing or preventing genetically mediated alterations of brain pathway formation. Finally, the lack of appropriate models for testing new therapies is also recognized as a fundamental limitation. Overcoming these barriers will be aided by full characterization of the genetic landscape of epilepsy, elucidation of key pathway points for therapeutic intervention and creation of unique experimental models to validate results.
Adenosine deaminase and adenosine attenuate ventricular arrhythmias caused by norepinephrine.

Twenty-five beagles weighing 9.1 +/- 0.4 kg were used to investigate the arrhythmogenic effects of divided doses of intracoronary norepinephrine (50-200 ng.kg-1.min-1) in the absence and the presence of adenosine deaminase (5 U.kg-1.min-1). A dose of norepinephrine (100 ng.kg-1.min-1) that caused 66 +/- 17% ectopy in the absence of adenosine deaminase caused only 16 +/- 14% ectopy (P less than 0.05) in the presence of the enzyme. Ventricular tachycardia caused by 200 ng.kg-1.min-1 norepinephrine was reduced from 1.2 +/- 0.3 to 0.1 +/- 0.1 bouts/10 cardiac cycles (P less than 0.05) by adenosine deaminase. In five additional dogs, intracoronary adenosine (0.11 mumol/min) terminated sustained norepinephrine-induced (200 ng.kg-1.min-1) ventricular tachycardia within 23 +/- 9 s (P less than 0.05). As long as the adenosine infusion was maintained, a normal sinus rhythm was observed. We conclude that both adenosine and adenosine deaminase significantly attenuate norepinephrine-induced ventricular arrhythmias. A common element beyond the deamination of adenosine, quite possibly ammonia, appears to account for these results.
Neurotoxicity Mediated by Aberrant Patterns of Synaptic Activity Between Rat Hippocampal Neurons in Culture

McLeod, John R., Jr., Maoxing Shen, Daniel J. Kim, and Stanley A. Thayer. Neurotoxicity mediated by aberrant patterns of synaptic activity between rat hippocampal neurons in culture. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2688–2698, 1998. Reducing the extracellular Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]o) to 0.1 mM evoked an aberrant pattern of glutamatergic activity in the synaptic network formed by rat hippocampal neurons grown in primary culture. This treatment resulted in a significant increase in neuronal death when maintained for 20–24 h; 0.1 mM [Mg2+]o elicited a stable and repetitive series of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) spikes as indicated by indo-1-based microfluorimetry. Fura-2-based digital imaging experiments found that the [Ca2+]i spikes were synchronized for all the neurons in a given field. Thus electrophysiological recordings from individual cells were reasonable representations of the field as a whole, enabling correlation of electrical activity to viability. Underlying each [Ca2+]i spike was an intens...
Hybrid memory cube performance characterization on data-centric workloads

The Hybrid Memory Cube is an early commercial product embodying attributes of future stacked DRAM architectures, namely large capacity, high bandwidth, on-package memory controller, and high speed serial interface. We study the performance and energy of a Gen2 HMC on data-centric workloads through a combination of emulation and execution on an HMC FPGA board. An in-house FPGA emulator has been used to obtain memory traces for a small collection of data-centric benchmarks. Our FPGA emulator is based on a 32-bit ARM processor and non-intrusively captures complete memory access traces at only 20X slowdown from real time. We have developed tools to run combined trace fragments from multiple benchmarks on the HMC board, giving a unique capability to characterize HMC performance and power usage under a data parallel workload. We find that the HMC's separate read and write channels are not well exploited by read-dominated data-centric workloads. Our benchmarks achieve between 66% -- 80% of peak bandwidth (80 GB/s for 32-byte packets with 50--50 read/write mix) on the HMC, suggesting that combined read/write channels might show higher utilization on these access patterns. Bandwidth scales linearly up to saturation with increased demand on highly concurrent application workloads with many independent memory requests. There is a corresponding increase in latency, ranging from 80 ns on an extremely light load to 130 ns at high bandwidth.
Dynamically variable negative stiffness structures.

Variable stiffness structures that enable a wide range of efficient load-bearing and dexterous activity are ubiquitous in mammalian musculoskeletal systems but are rare in engineered systems because of their complexity, power, and cost. We present a new negative stiffness–based load-bearing structure with dynamically tunable stiffness. Negative stiffness, traditionally used to achieve novel response from passive structures, is a powerful tool to achieve dynamic stiffness changes when configured with an active component. Using relatively simple hardware and low-power, low-frequency actuation, we show an assembly capable of fast ( 100×) dynamic stiffness control. This approach mitigates limitations of conventional tunable stiffness structures that exhibit either small (
Implications for late Grenvillian (Rigolet phase) construction of Rodinia using new U-Pb data from the Mars Hill terrane, Tennessee and North Carolina, United States

New data for zircon (external morphology, cathodoluminescence zoning, and sensitive high resolution ion microprobe [SHRIMP] U-Pb ages) from the Carvers Gap granulite gneiss of the Mars Hill terrane (Tennessee and North Carolina, United States) require reevaluation of interpretations of the age and origin of this rock. The new results indicate that the zircon is detrital and that the sedimentary protolith of this gneiss (and related Cloudland gneiss) was deposited no earlier than ca. 1.02 Ga and was metamorphosed at ca. 0.98 Ga. Tectonic models that included the gneiss as a piece of 1.8 Ga Amazonian crust (perhaps as part of the hypothetical Columbia supercontinent) are now untenable. The remarkably fast cycle of exhumation, erosion, deposition, and deep burial also is characteristic of other late Grenvillian (post-Ottawan) Mesoproterozoic paragneisses that occur throughout the Appalachians. These rocks provide new evidence for the duration of the formation of the Rodinia supercontinent lasting until at least 0.98 Ma.
Level structure of 10 C

The level structure of ${}^{10}$C below 7 MeV is discussed. We suggest the spin-parity assignments for the unbound states in ${}^{10}$C. The assignments are based on the observed widths, Coulomb displacement energies, the reported decay modes, the potential model prediction, and the shell-model calculations.
Spiritual Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation

The person who experiences a stroke realizes a change in every area of life. The spiritual life of each individual is affected by stroke and goes through a period of adjustment. It is also the area of life that gives support and strength to cope and hope through the changes, allowing feelings and frustrations to be expressed without recourse. The perceived presence of the Divine gives a sense of love, purpose, power, and belongingness. The spiritual is an integral part in recovery from and rehabilitation following a stroke.
The power law within a metropolitan area

Abstract While theoretical reasoning emphasizes the complexity in metropolitan spatial structures, empirical efforts still focus on measuring spatial structures using employment centers. This paper measures a metropolitan spatial structure as a system of employment clusters for 361 metro areas in the United States. We apply a log-log model to assess the relationship between a cluster's size and its rank in a metro area. We found that among the largest 50 metro areas: (1) cluster sizes in a metro area follow a power law distribution and (2) larger metro areas tend to have evener spatial structures. The results suggest that policymakers can better predict urban growth locations and sizes; may invest in the largest clusters for the biggest economic payoffs; and should consider holistically all elements' (e.g., clusters, infrastructure, socioeconomic interactions) respective scaling laws in the city for its healthy urban growth.
Plan especial de reforma interior de La Chanca. Almería (España)

The district of La Chanca, which was founded in the 10 th century and in a state of abandonment and oblivion since the close of the 19 th century, endured a situation of 'unsustainable misery', as denounced by the writer Juan Goytisolo at the beginning of the sixties in his book 'La Chanca ', forced to be spread secretly and incomplete[y and eventually published in Spain almost twenty years later. The Special Plan for Interior Improvement of La Chanca (PERI), drawn up to meet the demands of social movements in the district of La Chanca and passed in its definite version in 1990, fries to go beyond a mere intervention and improvement of the physical conditions of the neighbourhood and it establishes a proposal with a capacity to intervene in problems of a community of people and in externa1 problems that may cause situations of vulnerability: The Plan was conceived as un integrated Urban Program which not only operates on the habitat -the physical structure- but also on the inhabitants -the people who live there- from the perspective of sustainable development. From the beginning, the Plan was set up to include participation, as it was inspired by the resident association La Traina, which also cooperated actively in its drafting. The PERI plan deals with general action in infrastructure, housing, equipment and free space, while ir maintains the resident population within its own community. Coordinated with urban-development intervention it applies Social Programs which attempt to eradicate poverty, contributing to social and labor integration of groups of people from the neighbourhood at risk of being socially excluded. Likewise, initiatives are set forth which pay attention to social and cultural variety and which promote ethnic equality. dedicated particularly to the gypsy community and Maghrebi immigrants. At the same time, intervention programs are developed for women, health prevention and sexual education. Having access to decent housing, health, will be the first objetive
Technology-Mediated Synchronous Virtual Education: An Empirical Study

Many higher education institutions have used Internet technology to develop virtual education for a new generation of college students. In this research, the authors assessed the relative effectiveness of two technology-mediated learning environments for synchronous higher education compared to a traditional face-to-face learning environment. Specifically, they assessed the effects of these three learning environments on interactivity, perceived learning, and satisfaction when different instructional strategies were used. The authors' findings suggest that learning environments interact with instructional strategies to affect the learners' perception of learning and satisfaction. Their findings also support the proposition that the new generation of college students prefer to interact with others using technology.
Laser-Ablated U Atom Reactions with (CN)2 to Form UNC, U(NC)2, and U(NC)4: Matrix Infrared Spectra and Quantum Chemical Calculations.

Laser-ablated U atoms react with (CN)2 in excess argon and neon during codeposition at 4 K to form UNC, U(NC)2, and U(NC)4 as the major uranium-bearing products, which are identified from their matrix infrared spectra using cyanogen substituted with 13C and 15N and from quantum chemical calculations. The 12/13CN and C14/15N isotopic frequency ratios computed for the U(NC)1,2,4 molecules agree better with the observed values than those calculated for the U(CN)1,2,4 isomers. Multiplets using mixed isotopic cyanogens reveal the stoichiometries of these products, and the band positions and quantum chemical calculations confirm the isocyanide bonding arrangements, which are 14 and 51 kJ/mol more stable than the cyanide isomers for UNC and U(NC)2, respectively, and 62 kJ/mol for U(NC)4 in the isolated gas phase at the CCSD(T)/CBS level. The studies further demonstrate that the isocyano nitrogen is a better π donor, so it interacts with U(VI) better than carbon. Although the higher isocyanides are more stable th...
Hydrostatic and blast initiated implosion of environmentally degraded Carbon-Epoxy composite cylinders

Abstract The underwater collapse mechanics of environmentally degraded filament-wound Carbon-Epoxy composite tubes were investigated in this study. The composite tubes were submerged in an elevated temperature saline water solution for 35 and 70 days. The temperature of the saline bath was held at 65 °C, in which case the 35 and 70 days duration simulates 3.8 and 7.6 years of service life in accordance with Arrhenius’ equation and a reference temperature of 17 °C. Experiments were performed underwater in a pressure vessel designed to simulate a free-field environment by maintaining constant hydrostatic pressure throughout the collapse event. Two cases of implosion were studied: implosion initiated by increasing the hydrostatic pressure in the vessel until the critical collapse pressure was reached; and by detonating an explosive charge while the composite structure was subjected to 80% of its critical collapse pressure. Three-Dimensional Digital Image Correlation was coupled with high-speed photography to obtain the full-field displacements and velocities of the composite tubes during collapse. Moreover, the pressure fields created during the structural collapse were recorded with tourmaline pressure transducers and coupled with the full-field deformations to analyze the collapse mechanics. Mass saturation was reached during the first 35 days of submergence in the saline water bath. For the implosion initiated by hydrostatic pressure, the composite tubes submerged in the saline water bath displayed different behavior in comparison to the tubes with no exposure. The critical collapse pressure decreased by 20% after 35 days of exposure to the elevated temperature water bath when compared to the non-weathered tubes, and 24% after 70 days of exposure to the elevated temperature water bath when compared to the non-weathered tubes. The full-field data showed that the weathered structures collapsed with higher center-point velocities, which arise from substantial cracking and damage accumulation during the collapse event, as well as lower structural stiffness. The aged composite tubes had a lower overpressure pulse due to an increase in damage. For the blast initiated implosions, the reduced structural stiffness resulted in a quicker instability event. Lastly, further weathering after saturation led to a decrease in structural strength and performance.
Low-Cost Sorting Network Circuits Using Unary Processing

Sorting is a common task in a wide range of applications from signal and image processing to switching systems. For applications that require high performance, sorting is often performed in hardware with application-specified integrated circuits or field-programmable gate arrays. Hardware cost and power consumption are the dominant concerns. The usual approach is to wire up a network of compare-and-swap units in a configuration called the Batcher (or bitonic) network. Such networks can readily be pipelined. This paper proposes a novel area-efficient and power-efficient approach to sorting networks, based on “unary processing.” In unary processing, numbers are encoded uniformly by a sequence of one value (say 1) followed by a sequence of the other value (say 0) in a stream of 0’s and 1’s with the value defined by the fraction of 1’s in the stream. Synthesis results of complete sorting networks show up to 92% area and power saving compared to the conventional binary implementations. However, the latency increases. To mitigate the increased latency, this paper uses a novel time-encoding of data. The approach is validated with two implementations of an important application of sorting: median filtering. The result is a low cost, energy-efficient implementation of median filtering with only a slight accuracy loss, compared to conventional implementations.
Routine use of MALDI-TOF MS for anaerobic bacterial identification in clinical microbiology.

Abstract In 2013, we adopted MALDI-TOF MS using the Bruker Biotyper system for identification of anaerobic bacteria into our routine clinical practice. Here, we describe our experience with the use of MALDI-TOF MS for anaerobic bacterial identification, highlighting its value in replacing the more costly and time-consuming 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR plus sequencing-based approach as the primary method of anaerobic bacterial identification. We also describe our more recent experience with the use of early/rapid MALDI-TOF MS for identification of anaerobic bacteria performed on short incubation (4–6 h) plated aerobic media from anaerobic blood culture bottles positive for Gram-negative bacilli.
Tensor and Field

The “physics” in multiphysics refers to classical physical fields and can be described using mathematical languages such as tensors and partial differential equations. In this chapter for tensors and fields, we will first explain scalars, vectors, and tensors from both the physical and mathematical aspects. The explanation of the tensor will start with the definition and understanding of this concept with the assistance of daily examples and end with the operations and changes of tensors. Next, we will discuss the physical field including its definition; relevant concepts such as coordinates, domain, and grid; and the materialization and storage of the physical field in the computer.
Intraspinal narcotics in obstetrics.

It has long been speculated that the intraspinal route might have particular use in obstetrics. While this technique is clearly in the investigational stages, clinical reports are multiplying rapidly. This article reviews the results to date for labor and delivery and for postoperative pain relief after cesarean section, and notes in particular the effects on the mother and neonate, with emphasis on the systemic side effects.
A complete logical system for the equality of recursive terms for sets

This paper presents a sound and complete logical system whose atomic sentences are the equalities of recursive terms involving sets. There are two interpretations of this language: one makes use of non-wellfounded sets with finite transitive closure, and the other uses pointed finite graphs modulo bisimulation. Our logical system is a sequent-style deduction system. The main axioms and inference rules come from the $\mbox{{\it FLR}$_0$}$ -proof system from [6], including the Recursion Inference Rule (but an additional axiom is needed), and also axioms corresponding to the extensionality axiom of set theory.
Measuring the “Unmeasurable”: Assessment of Bone Marrow Response to Therapy Using FDG-PET in Patients with Lymphoma

Rationale and Objectives To determine if anatomically “nonmeasurable” disease in bone marrow (BM) is assessable for response to therapy by [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods FDG PET/CT images of 27 patients with lymphoma, FDG-avid bone marrow (BM) lesions, and ≥1 FDG-avid, tumor-involved lymph node (LN) at baseline were retrospectively reviewed. FDG uptake in target LNs and BM foci was determined pre- and posttherapy using the standardized uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SULmean). Size of the same target LNs was measured pre- and posttherapy on CT. Percentage decreases of LN size and LN and BM SUL were calculated. Response was classified according to revised International Workshop Criteria (IWC) with and without modification for metabolic evaluation of BM and correlated to overall survival. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and z-tests. Results LN size, LN SULmean, and BM SULmean were significantly higher pre- versus posttherapy (2337 mm2 ± 1810 vs. 309 mm2 ± 323; 6.94 ± 4.96 vs. 1.02 ± 1.00; and 6.81 ± 4.58 to 1.84 ± 1.58, all P Conclusion Anatomically “unmeasurable” BM infiltration with lymphoma behaves similarly to LN disease after therapy and is “measurable” by FDG PET/CT. FDG PET/CT is valuable for monitoring tumor response in “measurable” disease and BM, which was previously considered “unmeasurable” by anatomical imaging.
Design and benchtop validation of an autonomous bicycle with linear electric actuators

Autonomous bicycles offer numerous potentials for smart city applications thanks in part to their light weight, safe autonomy, being optionally manned, and last-mile delivery. This paper describes the design of a self-stabilizing autonomous bicycle with electric linear actuators. The high-speed linear actuator is mounted between the seat and the handlebar of the autonomous bicycle, which provides the bicycle with high peak power and energy efficiency. Physical tests are carried out to verify automatic steering and speed regulation capabilities of the autonomous bicycle.
Evaluation of conservation status, distribution, and reproductive characteristics of an endemic Gulf Coast freshwater mussel, Lampsilis australis (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

The southern sandshell, Lampsilis australisSimpson, 1900, is a rare freshwater mussel endemic to the Escambia, Yellow, andChoctawhatchee river drainages in Alabama and Florida. Laboratory observationsconfirmed L. australis as a superconglutinate producer.Superconglutinate and glochidial morphology are similar to those of othersuperconglutinate producers. The current distribution of L.australis, as determined from recent surveys (1995–2000) andfield notes (1990–2000), is compared with its historical distribution asdefined by museum collections and field notes made between 1900 and 1989. Thecurrent distribution of L. australis is reduced by76% compared to its historical distribution, although L. australis waslocated at new sites in the recent surveys. Relative abundance of L.australis was low at all but two sites. Based on reproductivestrategy, range reductions, low relative abundance, and potential threats withinthe Escambia, Yellow, and Choctawhatchee river drainages, we believeL. australis should be considered for protection under theEndangered Species Act.
Utility of videolaryngoscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in head and neck surgery.

Abstract Background Videolaryngoscopy is commonly used by anesthesiologists to manage difficult airways. Recently otolaryngologists have reported use in select procedures; to date there is limited evaluation in head and neck surgery. Materials and methods Patients who underwent direct laryngoscopy (DL) with use of GlideScope videolaryngoscopy (GVL) were retrospectively identified from a tertiary care Veterans Affairs hospital. GVL was used to assist or replace traditional laryngoscopes for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Results Nineteen patients (48–83 years old) underwent 21 procedures. Difficult endotracheal intubation was reported in 53% of patients. GVL replaced traditional DL in 76% of cases, assisted evaluation prior to traditional DL in 10%, and rescued failed traditional DL in 14%. No complications occurred. Three indications for GVL were identified. Discussion GVL was safe in our experience and provides unique benefits in selected scenarios in head and neck surgery. Otolaryngologists can consider videolaryngoscopy as a complement to traditional DL.
Integrated High-frequency Reference Clock Systems Utilizing Mirror-encapsulated BAW Resonators

This work introduces an integrated reference clock system using a 2.5 GHz mirror-encapsulated BAW (bulk acoustic wave) resonator as the frequency source. With acoustic mirrors also placed on top of the resonator, this symmetrical DBAR (dual-Bragg acoustic resonator) structure offers extra design freedoms to alter the resonator’s acoustic properties. A DBAR requires no cavity on either side of the resonator yet still immune to mass loading effect from contamination and assembly. This advantage enables cost-effective system integration by directly marrying a DBAR and a CMOS die in a plastic package. System chips utilizing DBAR as the high-frequency reference clocks are demonstrated here. With compensation algorithm and careful design of the package, these DBAR-based clocking systems can achieve ±25 ppm stability over the entire operation temperature range (including aging, solder shift, etc.), resulting industry’s first crystal-less BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) radio chip.
PREDICTORS OF WORSENING TRICUSPID REGURGITATION FOLLOWING PERICARDECTOMY FOR CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS

Worsening tricuspid regurgitation (TR) may occur after pericardiectomy surgery for constrictive pericarditis, and has been reported to be associated with adverse outcomes such as death and heart failure events, although mechanisms and predictors are not well established. We aimed to evaluate the
Examining Links Between Diet and Lead Exposure in Young Children: 2009 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract Objective : Despite recommendations to consume iron-, calcium-, and vitamin C-rich foods for managing blood lead levels (BLLs), limited evidence exists on how specific foods affect children's BLLs. Using data from 12-36 month-olds (n=992) from the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we assessed how foods rich in these nutrients associate with BLLs, and with potential inadvertent exposures to cadmium and mercury. Methods : Food intake was assessed from one 24-hour dietary recall. Foods were categorized into 10 energy-adjusted groups, with intake categorized as none (reference) and tertiles. BLLs were natural log-transformed. Linear regressions tested associations between food groups and BLLs. Logistic regressions were conducted for blood cadmium and mercury. Results : Median (5%, 95% range) BLLs were 1.01 (0.39, 3.21) µg/dL. Majority of food groups (7 of 10) showed little association with BLLs. Compared to no intake, cereal [tertile 3: β (95% CI) = -0.22 (-0.41, -0.02)] and milk (Ptrend 0.11 µg/dL [tertile 3 OR: 0.05 (0.01, 0.36)]. No associations were observed with blood mercury. Conclusions : Among young children, consumption of iron-, calcium-, and vitamin C-rich foods showed weak or no association with BLLs. Few associations were observed for blood cadmium or mercury. Food-based approaches to BLL management may have limited utility when exposure is low.
Classic Problems III

Abstract This is a survey of four problems that are “classics” in many different senses of the word, and of several related problems associated with each one. The numbering of the Classic Problems picks up where that of a similar article left off about four decades ago: IX. Is every point of ω ⁎ a butterfly point? X. Is there a nonmetrizable perfectly normal, locally connected continuum? XI. Is there a normal space with a σ-disjoint base that is not paracompact? XII. Is there a regular symmetrizable space with a non- G δ point? Several related problems are given for each classic problem. Consistency results are summarized, and there is a discussion of each problem that explains various implications among the related problems and justifies calling certain problems equivalent. For each classic problem, an appendix goes deeper into some implications and/or includes reminisces. There is a purely set-theoretic problem related to Classic Problem IX. Call a filter on a set D nowhere maximal if it does not trace an ultrafilter on any subset of D. Related Problem D. Is every free ultrafilter the join of two nowhere maximal filters? It is shown that the special case of ultrafilters on ω is actually equivalent to Classic Problem IX.
Design and control of an automatic high-viscosity sealant filling system:

In this article, a novel vision-based automatic liquid filling control system is proposed. The method can be used for many high-viscosity liquid filling applications, especially for packaging of fu...
Cell competition between wild-type and JAK2V617F mutant cells in a murine model of a myeloproliferative neoplasm.

The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by overproduction of mature blood cells and increased risk of transformation to frank leukemia. The acquired kinase mutation JAK2V617F plays a central role in a majority of patients with these diseases. As MPNs are clonal stem cell disorders (i.e. arise from a single stem cell which eventually expands), the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment in MPNs is heterogeneous with the presence of both JAK2 wild-type and JAK2V617F mutant cells. Mechanisms responsible for the mutant stem cell expansion in MPNs are not fully understood. Utilizing in vitro co-culture assays and in vivo competitive transplantation assays, we show that the presence of wild-type cells alters both the gene expression profile and cellular function of JAK2V617F mutant HSPCs and inhibits the expansion of co-existing JAK2V617F mutant cells in a normal microenvironment. In contrast, we found that a microenvironment bearing the mutant kinase promotes JAK2V617F mutant HSPC expansion over wild-type cells due in part to altered CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling the competitive interactions between normal and JAK2V617F mutant cells, and how these mechanisms break down during MPN disease progression hold great potential for advances in treating patients with these diseases.
The impact of room location on time reversal focusing amplitudes

Time reversal (TR) is a signal processing technique often used to generate focusing at selected positions within reverberant environments. This study investigates the effect of the location of the focusing, with respect to the room wall boundaries, on the amplitude of the focusing and the uniformity of this amplitude when focusing at various room locations. This is done experimentally with eight sources and two reverberation chambers. The chambers are of differing dimensions and were chosen to verify the findings in different volume environments. Multiple spatial positions for the TR focusing are explored within the rooms' diffuse field, against a single wall, along a two-wall edge, and in the corners (three walls). Measurements of TR focusing at various locations within the room show that for each region of study, the peak amplitude of the focusing is quite uniform, and there is a notable and consistent increase in amplitude for each additional wall that is adjacent to the focal location. A numerical model was created to simulate the TR process in the larger reverberation chamber. This model returned results similar to those of the experiments, with spatial uniformity of focusing within the room and increases when the focusing is near adjacent walls.
On Logic Programming Representations of Lambda Terms: de Bruijn Indices, Compression, Type Inference, Combinatorial Generation, Normalization

We introduce a compressed de Bruijn representation of lambda terms and define its bijections to standard representations. Compact combinatorial generation algorithms are given for several families of lambda terms, including open, closed, simply typed and linear terms as well as type inference and normal order reduction algorithms. We specify our algorithms as a literate Prolog program. In the process, we rely in creative ways on unification of logic variables, cyclic terms, backtracking and definite clause grammars.
Thermal simulations in support of multi-scale co-design of energy efficient information technology systems

Purpose – Information technology (IT) systems are already ubiquitous, and their future growth is expected to drive the global economy for the next several decades. However, energy consumption by these systems is growing rapidly, and their sustained growth requires curbing the energy consumption, and the associated heat removal requirements. Currently, 20-50 percent of the incoming electrical power is used to meet the cooling demands of IT facilities. Careful co-optimization of electrical power and thermal management is essential for reducing energy consumption requirements of IT equipment. Such modeling based co-optimization is complicated by the presence of several decades of spatial and temporal scales. The purpose of this paper is to review recent approaches for handling these challenges. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors illustrate the challenges and possible modeling approaches by considering three examples. The multi-scale modeling of chip level transient heating using a combi...
A Review of “When Gay People Get Married: What Happens When Societies Legalize Same-Sex Marriage.”

When Gay People Get Married offers a fascinating and meticulous review of the societal factors associated with legal marriage, though it is immediately apparent when reading this book just how quic...
Collective Remittances and Development in Rural Mexico: a View from Chicago's Mexican Hometown Associations

This paper addresses the changing agendas of US-based hometown associations (HTAs) in rural Mexico and the impact that these changes have on local government decisions to finance community development. The evidence that is offered in this paper confirms that local governments at the subnational state, municipal, and village levels are interested in maintaining the economic attachments of emigrant populations. These governments have created innovative state–society partnerships to reduce conflict with HTAs, maintain loyalties, and preserve the flow of remittances. Thus, one of the objectives of local governments is to sustain migrant collective remittance efforts in those sending regions that already have a critical mass of US-based HTAs that demand government funds for development. The inclusion of organised migrant voices in community development debates has the potential to increase transnational democratic participation. However, when the allocation of public funds is based on an approach that privileges diaspora-driven demands, this generates inequalities between international migrants and stay-at-home communities because it forces local sending communities to find HTAs across borders to solve infrastructure needs. As new hierarchies of place-based citizen participation become more prevalent, the voices of stay-at-home communities risk being ignored by local government officials. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using dependent types to certify the safety of assembly code

There are many source-level analyses or instrumentation tools that enforce various safety properties. In this paper we present an infrastructure that can be used to check independently that the assembly output of such tools has the desired safety properties. By working at assembly level we avoid the complications with unavailability of source code, with source-level parsing, and we certify the code that is actually deployed. The novel feature of the framework is an extensible dependently-typed framework that supports type inference and mutation of dependent values in memory. The type system can be extended with new types as needed for the source-level tool that is certified. Using these dependent types, we are able to express the invariants enforced by CCured, a source-level instrumentation tool that guarantees type safety in legacy C programs. We can therefore check that the x86 assembly code resulting from compilation with CCured is in fact type-safe.
Outside-of-school time obesity prevention and treatment interventions in African American youth

Outside-of-school time (OST; i.e. before/after-school hours, summer time), theory-based interventions are potential strategies for addressing increased obesity among African American youth. This review assessed interventions across multiple settings that took place during OST among African American youth aged 5-18 years old. Seven databases were searched for studies published prior to October 2013; 28 prevention and treatment interventions that assessed weight or related behaviours as a primary or secondary outcome were identified. Overall, these studies reported heterogeneous intervention length, theoretical frameworks, methodological quality, outcomes, cultural adaption and community engagement; the latter two attributes have been identified as potentially important intervention strategies when working with African Americans. Although not always significant, generally, outcomes were in the desired direction. When examining programmes by time of intervention (i.e. after-school, summer time, time not specified or multiple time periods), much of the variability remained, but some similarities emerged. After-school studies generally had a positive impact on physical activity, fruit/vegetable consumption and caloric intake, or body composition. The single summer time intervention showed a trend towards reduced body mass index. Overall findings suggest that after-school and summer programmes, alone or perhaps in combination, offer potential benefits for African American youth and could favourably influence diet and physical activity behaviour.