cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Integration and Sleep Disturbance: A Gene-Environment Interaction Study

Objective: Low levels of perceived social integration, or loneliness, are associated with increased risk for a range of poor health outcomes. Sleep disturbance plays a central role in the evolutionary theory of loneliness, which provides a mechanistic account of how low levels of social integration may negatively impact health. No studies, however, have examined whether the association between social integration and sleep disturbance is consistent with a causal effect after accounting for genes that are common to both variables. Method: Using twin data ( N = 905 twin pairs) from the nationally-representative Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey, I evaluated a series of bivariate twin models exploring whether the phenotypic association between low social integration and sleep disturbance can be explained by shared genetics. In addition, the current study specified a series of quantitative models for studying gene x environment (G X E) interactions to determine whether the genetic and environmental influences on sleep disturbance differ as a function of social integration. Results: The phenotypic association between social integration and sleep disturbance was fully accounted for by genes that are common between the two variables, suggesting that within-twin pair differences in social integration do not exert a causal influence on sleep disturbance. Social integration, however, moderated the non-shared environmental influence on sleep disturbances, with the greatest environmental influences observed at the lowest levels of social integration. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that an essential feature of the evolutionary model of loneliness may need refinement or elaboration. The moderation findings are discussed in terms of the fit with a stress-buffering model of social support in which environmental influences on sleep disturbance are strongest when social resources are low.
The Presentation of Reference Information to Facilitate Search, Retrieval and Utilization

Reference knowledge is very important for both personal expertise development and the development and viability of an organization. For reference material to be utilized effectively however, it must be organized and displayed in a way that facilitates the task goals of the user. Due to the complex interactions of the human-task-context relationship, evaluation of reference knowledge displays must involve studying how its effectiveness changes as these parameters are varied. As the Internet becomes a more prevalent way of providing reference information to the general public, great care must be used to ensure that the website structure facilitates the different information retrieval goals of the various users. This paper discusses an ongoing study that investigates the efficiency of information retrieval for two different types of task goals in two different website structures.
HCC tumor dose response characterization following 90Y-microsphere therapy

298 Objectives 90Y-microsphere therapy is used in treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We calculated 3D dose distributions based on post-therapy quantitative 90Y SPECT/CT to assess the efficacy of voxel-based absorbed doses (AD) as predictors of HCC tumor response. The tumor dose response model predictions were validated using independent data. Normal liver AD were also computed and correlated with incidence of radio-embolization induced liver disease (REILD). Methods 90Y activity for 34 HCC patient therapies was prospectively calculated using package insert dosimetry. Voxel dosimetry for AD to tumor and non-tumoral liver volumes was performed retrospective using 90Y activity and tissue/density distributions based on quantitative post-therapy 90Y SPECT/CT. Tumor (D>2.5cm; N=53) segmentation was performed by an interventional radiologist using diagnostic CT/MRI of the liver registered to 90Y SPECT/CT. AD maps were generated using the radiation transport code DOSXYZnrc/EGSnrc. Tumor volume coverage metrics (10% to 100% volume) were extracted from cumulative AD volume histograms (ADVH). Tumor response was evaluated using mRECIST, WHO, and RECIST with binary outcome; non-responders (NR=PD+SD) and responders (R=PR+CR). Correlation of tumor AD metrics with response status was explored. Logistic regression was used to calculate tumor dose-response probability curves. Threshold mean AD to tumor for 50% probability of response using mRECIST (D50p) was computed. Logistic regression analysis was performed for all (N=53) and two independent halves (N1=27 and N2=26) of the tumor population. The validity and robustness of the predicted accuracy, positive-predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of tumor dose response was assessed using the two independent N1 and N2 populations. Fractional non-tumoral liver volumes receiving AD>30 Gy (V30Gy) were calculated for all patients. Distribution of V30Gy and its correlation with incidence of REILD (e.g., ascites) were assessed. Results Response fractions were 30/53, 14/53, and 15/53 for mRECIST, WHO, and RECIST, respectively. ADVHs (10-90%) were significantly correlated (p Conclusions For HCC tumors voxel-based AD statistically separated mRECIST responders. The tumor dose response probability curves calculated appear robust and are statistically consistent when response predictions were compared to independent data. Tumor dose response probability curves can now confidently be used to prospectively plan therapies. Additional data will be needed to correlate non-tumoral AD with REILD. Research Support: NIH/NCI R01 CA138986
Lessons from a Rose: Sociological Reflections on Eight Years of Long-Term Care

As aging Americans expand in unprecedented numbers and need for health care, much attention is focused on state and federal policies and legislation, growing corporate/conglomerate control of elder care, efficiency of operation, and cost control. Too often, the individual experience is lost. Rose, an elder individual with dementia, is observed through eight years of an ongoing participant observation study by her son, a sociologist who assists in her care. The study argues for research on the fact and consequences of ageism in doctors. Certified nursing aides/assistants (CNAs) are seen as a critical and growing challenge to providers and receivers of nursing home care. Breaking with common assumptions, quality of life for many aging dementia patients can be joyous and fulfilling. Family involvement can have extraordinarily positive effects on the nursing home patient.
Autoxidation of N(III), S(IV), and other Species in Frozen Solution - A Possible Pathway for Enhanced Chemical Transformation in Freezing Systems

Freezing dilute aqueous solutions of certain oxidizable species such asnitrite and sulfite can promote the rate of autoxidation, instead of retardingit. Experiments show that nitrite and sulfite undergo rapid oxidation tonitrate and sulfate, respectively, in high yield (> 90% under certainconditions) when their dilute (100 μM) aqueous solutions are frozen for10–60 min. at −10 to −40○C. For example, thepseudo-second-order rate constant for nitrite autoxidation,k′, defined in d[NO3 −]/dt =2k′ [HNO2]2, reaches a maximum valueof 117± 14 M−1s−1 at−15.5^C. This counterintuitive result is hypothesized tobe the result of a freeze-concentration effect that occurs when reactants areconcentrated into liquid micropockets ahead of the advancing ice front.Oxidation by hydrogen peroxide is also accelerated upon freezing. Since theyields and rates may be high compared to other competing pathways, thisprocess may be significant where freeze/thaw cycles occur naturally, e.g., inglaciating clouds, snow packs, glaciers, and melt ponds on polar sea ice.
RSFT: A realistic high dimensional sparse fourier transform and its application in radar signal processing

We propose a realistic high dimensional sparse Fourier transform (RSFT) algorithm, which detects frequencies in multidimensional data, provided that the data is sparse in the frequency domain. Although sparsity has been exploited before to reduce the complexity of the Discrete Fourier Transform, unlike previous approaches, the RSFT allows for off-grid frequencies. We provide a concrete application example on short range ubiquitous radar signal processing, and verify the feasibility of the RSFT in that scenario via simulations.
Craniofacial Growth and Its Interaction with the Maxillary Anchor Molars

In the orthodontics of the twenty-first century, many clinicians look to the mandible, both as a cause of Class II malocclusion and a cure, presumably by way of some sort of “growth modification.” Indeed, some go so far as to say that the maxilla is the “wrong” jaw. In truth, there is little evidence that mandibular growth can be modified. No matter: the long-term pattern of mandibular growth is usually favorable in both Class I and Class II subjects. Unfortunately, whether normal or therapeutically augmented, maxillary dentoalveolar compensation would prevent any mandibular excess from changing the occlusion. Thus, in view of the ways that Class II malocclusions develop and are corrected, it is clear that control of maxillary anchorage is an important, rational component of both processes. This short chapter argues that regardless of label—fixed or functional; early or late—the final expression at the occlusion is in large measure a prevention, reduction, or reversal of maxillary dentoalveolar compensation. All roads lead to Rome; all roads to a normal molar relationship lead to the midface by way of maxillary anchorage control.
Parameter Estimation for Diagonal SPDEs

Let U = U(t, x) be the temperature of the top layer of a body of water such as lake, sea, or ocean. Various historical data provide information about the long-time average value \(\bar{U}\) of U.
Host-Directed Therapeutic Strategies for Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. Currently, the standard treatment for TB involves multiple antibiotics administered for at least 6 months. Although multiple antibiotics therapy is necessary to prevent the development of drug resistance, the prolonged duration of treatment, combined with toxicity of drugs, contributes to patient non-compliance that can leads to the development of drug-resistant Mtb (MDR and XDR) strains. The existence of comorbid conditions, including HIV infection, not only complicates TB treatment but also elevates the mortality rate of patients. These facts underscore the need for the development of new and/or improved TB treatment strategies. Host-directed therapy (HDT) is a new and emerging concept in the treatment of TB, where host response is modulated by treatment with small molecules, with or without adjunct antibiotics, to achieve better control of TB. Unlike antibiotics, HDT drugs act by directly modulating host cell functions; therefore, development of drug resistance by infecting Mtb is avoided. Thus, HDT is a promising treatment strategy for the management of MDR- and XDR-TB cases as well as for patients with existing chronic, comorbid conditions such as HIV infection or diabetes. Functionally, HDT drugs fine-tune the antimicrobial activities of host immune cells and limit inflammation and tissue damage associated with TB. However, current knowledge and clinical evidence is insufficient to implement HDT molecules as a stand-alone, without adjunct antibiotics, therapeutic modality to treat any form of TB in humans. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on small molecule HDT agents that target autophagy, vitamin D pathway, and anti-inflammatory response as adjunctive agents along with standard antibiotics for TB therapy. Data from recent publications show that this approach has the potential to improve clinical outcome and can help to reduce treatment duration. Thus, HDT can contribute to global TB control programs by potentially increasing the efficiency of anti-TB treatment.
Designing for and with a Community of Designers: Minority Disciplines and Communities of Practice

This "work in progress" describes our research into the diversity of working relations and identities of designers at Lotus Development Corporation. Designers are an example of a minority discipline - that is, a discipline whose members are often isolated in their work teams among coworkers with different training, backgrounds, and career paths. The research will be used to develop social and technological bases for a community of practice through which designers can support one another and their work.
Long-Term Survival Prediction for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Validation of the ASCERT Model Compared With The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality

Background The recently developed American College of Cardiology Foundation–Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Collaboration on the Comparative Effectiveness of Revascularization Strategy (ASCERT) Long-Term Survival Probability Calculator is a valuable addition to existing short-term risk-prediction tools for cardiac surgical procedures but has yet to be externally validated. Methods Institutional data of 654 patients aged 65 years or older undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting between 2005 and 2010 were reviewed. Predicted survival probabilities were calculated using the ASCERT model. Survival data were collected using the Social Security Death Index and institutional medical records. Model calibration and discrimination were assessed for the overall sample and for risk-stratified subgroups based on (1) ASCERT 7-year survival probability and (2) the predicted risk of mortality (PROM) from the STS Short-Term Risk Calculator. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate additional perioperative variables contributing to death. Results Overall survival was 92.1% (569 of 597) at 1 year and 50.5% (164 of 325) at 7 years. Calibration assessment found no significant differences between predicted and actual survival curves for the overall sample or for the risk-stratified subgroups, whether stratified by predicted 7-year survival or by PROM. Discriminative performance was comparable between the ASCERT and PROM models for 7-year survival prediction ( p Conclusions The ASCERT survival probability calculator was externally validated for prediction of long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting in all risk groups. The widely used STS PROM performed comparably as a predictor of long-term survival. Both tools provide important information for preoperative decision making and patient counseling about potential outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting.
A phase I trial of escalating doses of cixutumumab (IMC-A12) and sorafenib in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway is activated in hepatocarcinogenesis. Cixutumumab is a monoclonal antibody against human insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). Given the cross-talk between the IGF and VEGF pathways, we performed a phase I study of the combination of cixutumumab and sorafenib in hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Eligible patients with no prior systemic therapy for advanced HCC and Child–Pugh A to B7 were treated with sorafenib 400 mg BID and escalating doses of cixutumumab (2, 4, or 6 mg/kg IV weekly) in a 3 + 3 design. Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as treatment-related grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic toxicity (except for a subset of manageable toxicities) or any grade 4 hematologic toxicities. In 21 patients enrolled, there were 3 DLTs; grade 3 hyperglycemia, grade 3 hypophosphatemia, and grade 5 peritonitis. The maximum tolerated dose of cixutumumab was 4 mg/kg IV weekly with standard dose sorafenib. Eighteen of 21 (86%) patients had grade 3 or above toxicities attributed to treatment. One patient also experienced grade 4 colonic perforation and grade 5 peritonitis. The median number of cycles completed was 4 (0–26). Of 16 patients evaluable for response, 81% achieved stable disease. The median progression free survival was 6.0 months (95% CI 3.6–undefined) and the median overall survival was 10.5 months (95% CI 7.1–undefined). While the combination of cixutumumab and sorafenib had a toxicity profile similar to that of sorafenib monotherapy, it manifested limited clinical efficacy in unselected patients with HCC.
Examining Caregivers’ Independence in Early Intervention Home Visit Sessions:

The purpose of this study was to examine how a delineated coaching process affected the ability of caregivers to take the lead in promoting their children’s learning in the context of daily activit...
The enzymes of microbial nicotine metabolism.

Because of nicotine’s toxicity and the high levels found in tobacco and in the waste from tobacco processing, there is a great deal of interest in identifying bacteria capable of degrading it. A number of microbial pathways have been identified for nicotine degradation. The first and best-understood is the pyridine pathway, best characterized for Arthrobacter nicotinovorans, in which the first reaction is hydroxylation of the pyridine ring. The pyrrolidine pathway, which begins with oxidation of a carbon–nitrogen bond in the pyrrolidine ring, was subsequently characterized in a number of pseudomonads. Most recently, a hybrid pathway has been described, which incorporates the early steps in the pyridine pathway and ends with steps in the pyrrolidine pathway. This review summarizes the present status of our understanding of these pathways, focusing on what is known about the individual enzymes involved.
Steric and electronic effect of secondary phosphines in reactions with cyclopalladated complexes

Abstract Reactions of secondary phosphines HPR1R2 [R1 = R2 = p-MeOC6H4 (b), p-CF3C6H4 (c), mesityl (Mes, d) or 1-adamantyl (Ad, e); R1 = t-Bu, R2 = Ph (f)] with cyclopalladated complexes (CPCs) derived from N,N-dimethylbenzylamine (1), l -fenchone methyloxime (3), (S)-N,N-dimethylbenzylamine (9), and (S)-di-2,4-tert-butyloxazoline (11) were studied. Phosphination of the cyclopalladated ligands in complexes 1 and 3 was observed using either 4.5:1 or 9:1 molar ratios of HPAr2 (b,c) to CPC in the presence of 9 equiv. Cs2CO3. The corresponding N,P ligands 2b,c and 4b,c were isolated in 44–59% yields. Reactions of the sterically hindered HPMes2 with CPCs 1 and 3 provided the phosphination product, 4d′, only for the latter complex (32% yield). Attempts to synthesize N,P ligands with HPAd2 were unsuccessful with either palladacycle. Major products of the reactions of complexes 1 and 3 with bulky HPMes2 and HPAd2 were either rare mononuclear complexes 5d,e (up to 90%) and 7d,e (81 and 86%) with an ancillary secondary phosphine ligand or dinuclear monophosphido, monochloro-bridged complexes 6d (98%) and 8d,e (69% and 66%) depending on the HPR2:CPC molar ratio used. Enantiopure CPC 3 reacted with racemic HPt-BuPh to give a single diastereomer of the phosphination product 4f in 12% yield. Attempts to use the racemic phosphine in transformations with two other enantiopure CPCs, 9 and 11, to form a C Pt-BuPh bond were unsuccessful. Instead, reactions of these two complexes with racemic HPt-BuPh provided monophosphido, monochloro-bridged CPCs 11f and 13f in 32 and 76% yield, respectively. Analysis of 1H, 13C{1H} and 31P{1H} NMR data of all new Pd(II) complexes and N,P ligands is provided. An X-ray crystallographic study of complex 7d proved its trans-N,P geometry.
Weight stigma and its impact on paediatric care

Purpose of reviewThis review aims to evaluate current research findings relevant to weight stigmatization, to acknowledge the deleterious impact it has on the health of the paediatric population and to provide insight to optimize future guidelines for the treatment of individuals with overweight and
Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District (2017): Implications for Educating Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders:

In 2017, the Supreme Court ruled on a special education case Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District. In this important case, the High Court addressed the degree of educational benefit necessar...
Effects of construction-related land use change on streamflow and sediment yield

Abstract Observations from four small watersheds by the Reedy River in upstate South Carolina, USA, were used to evaluate the effects of urban development due to residential construction on streamflow and sediment yield, and to assess the effectiveness of Best Management Practices (BMPs). Paired watershed studies were used to quantify changes in flow magnitudes and sediment outputs at the watershed scale. A novel method based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation was developed to quantify the contribution from each land use to watershed sediment yield. Area-normalized stormflows and peak flows in developed watersheds were 2–9 times greater than those from an undeveloped reference watershed. Sediment yield (SY) and event mean concentration (EMC) were 6 times greater in a developed watershed that had no ongoing construction. In actively developing watersheds, however, SY and EMC were 60–90 times greater compared to the reference. Sediment contribution factor (10−2 kg h MJ−1 mm−1), defined as SY per unit rainfall erosivity, for each land use with 95% confidence interval was: Forest = 4 ± 2, Pasture = 2 ± 2, Full Development = 18 ± 11, Active Development = 440 ± 120. These values can be used to predict long-term change in sediment yield due to a future land-use change. Significant increases in flow and sediment occurred despite the use of BMPs, so improvements to their implementation and/or proper maintenance may be necessary to ensure that their protective goals are met.
Progressive cardiorespiratory dysfunction in Kv1.1 knockout mice may provide temporal biomarkers of pending sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): The contribution of orexin

Objective Immediately preceding sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), patients experienced a final generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS), rapid ventilation, apnea, bradycardia, terminal apnea, and asystole. Whether a progressive pathophysiology develops and increases risk of SUDEP remains unknown. Here, we determined (a) heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen saturation (SaO2 ) in low-risk and high-risk knockout (KO) mice; and (b) whether blocking receptors for orexin, a cardiorespiratory neuromodulator, influences cardiorespiratory function mice or longevity in high-risk KO mice. Methods Heart rate and SaO2 were determined noninvasively with ECGenie and pulse oximetry. Respiration was determined with noninvasive airway mechanics technology. The role of orexin was determined within subject following acute treatment with a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA, 100 mg/kg). The number of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus was determined with immunohistochemistry. Results Intermittent bradycardia was more prevalent in high-risk KO mice, an effect that may be the result of increased parasympathetic drive. High-risk KO mice had more orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Blocking of orexin receptors differentially influenced heart rate in KO, but not wild-type (WT) mice. When DORA administration increased heart rate, it also decreased heart rate variability, breathing frequency, and/or hypopnea-apnea. Blocking orexin receptors prevented the methacholine (MCh)-induced increase in breathing frequency in KO mice and reduced MCh-induced seizures, via a direct or indirect mechanism. DORA improved oxygen saturation in KO mice with intermittent hypoxia. Daily administration of DORA to high-risk KO mice increased longevity. Significance High-risk KO mice have a unique cardiorespiratory phenotype that is characterized by progressive changes in five interdependent endpoints. Blocking of orexin receptors attenuates some of these endpoints and increases longevity, supporting the notion that windows of opportunity for intervention exist in this preclinical SUDEP model.
Killing cancer cells by rupturing their lysosomes.

Nanoparticles covered with a mix of positively and negatively charged ligands aggregate into supraparticles in the lysosomes of cancer cells, disrupting the integrity of the lysosomal membrane and killing the cells without involving any anticancer drugs.
Perspectives of Region II OSHA Authorized Safety and Health Trainers About Initial COVID-19 Response Programs.

In this cross-sectional survey-based study conducted in early fall 2020, we attempted to measure and ascertain the extent of whether employers in New York and New Jersey were prepared to manage and follow occupational safety and health (S&H) regulations and industry risk processes in developing an exposure control response program to COVID-19, the disease caused by exposure to the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. We focused on Region II of the U.S. Department of Labor (USDOL)-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). In addition, we examined possible explanations for lack of compliance and uniformity across the region in various USDOL-OSHA regulatory aspects like training, respiratory protection program administration and proper task-specific application of occupational S&H hazard controls through risk management systems. We suggest opportunities for employer and governmental interventions to reduce potential worker exposures and better control future worksite biological hazards and infectious disease transmission. Overall, data suggested prevalent inconsistencies, noncompliance and a less than uniform approach to implementing COVID-19 response programs.
Cutting Edge: Reduced Adenosine-to-Inosine Editing of Endogenous Alu RNAs in Severe COVID-19 Disease.

Severe COVID-19 disease is associated with elevated inflammatory responses. One form of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome caused by inactivating mutations in ADAR results in reduced adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of endogenous dsRNAs, induction of IFNs, IFN-stimulated genes, other inflammatory mediators, morbidity, and mortality. Alu elements, ∼10% of the human genome, are the most common A-to-I-editing sites. Using leukocyte whole-genome RNA-sequencing data, we found reduced A-to-I editing of Alu dsRNAs in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Dendritic cells infected with COVID-19 also exhibit reduced A-to-I editing of Alu dsRNAs. Unedited Alu dsRNAs, but not edited Alu dsRNAs, are potent inducers of IRF and NF-κB transcriptional responses, IL6, IL8, and IFN-stimulated genes. Thus, decreased A-to-I editing that may lead to accumulation of unedited Alu dsRNAs and increased inflammatory responses is associated with severe COVID-19 disease.
Precision conservation for a changing climate

Landscape diversity is critical to enhance agricultural sustainability and resilience. A realistic and achievable route towards adding complexity and biodiversity into agricultural landscapes may be through precision conservation.
A Novel 3-Way Dual-Band Doherty Power Amplifier for Enhanced Concurrent Operation

This article presents the architecture and design methodology for a new type of dual-band Doherty power amplifier (DB-DPA), referred to as 3-Way DB-DPA, which consists of a main amplifier for each band and an auxiliary amplifier handling both bands. The 3-Way DB-DPA improves the average drain efficiency in concurrent dual-band operation compared to the traditional 2-Way DB-DPA, by avoiding early clipping in the main amplifiers, while benefiting from load—pulling from the auxiliary power amplifier (PA). This improvement is verified in theory and simulation at the current-source reference planes and in measurement with a fabricated 1.5- and 2-GHz dual-band PA. A statistical analysis using 2-D continuous-wave (CW) signals with long-term evolution (LTE) probability distribution functions (PDFs) is performed and demonstrated an improvement in the concurrent average efficiency by 15 percentage points compared to the conventional 2-Way DB-DPA. In nonconcurrent operation, the measured CW drain efficiency in the lower band (1.5 GHz) is 82.8% at peak and 66.6% at 9.6-dB backoff, and the measured CW drain efficiency in the upper band (2.0 GHz) is 70.0% at peak and 48.4% at 9.4-dB backoff. The CW concurrent-balanced drain efficiency reaches 66.2/52.0% in the 3-Way DB-DPA at 3-/6-dB backoff. In single-band operation at 1.5/2.0 GHz, the average power and average drain efficiency after linearization by digital predistortion (DPD) are 35.1/37.4 dBm and 65.0/53.7%, respectively, for an LTE signal with 10-MHz bandwidth and 6.1-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In concurrent operation, the 3-Way DB-DPA is driven by two 10-MHz LTE uncorrelated signals at 1.5 GHz with 6.86-dB PAPR and at 2.0 GHz with 6.26-dB PAPR, and the average total power and average concurrent drain efficiency after DPD are 37.5 dBm and 54.24%, respectively.
Musculoskeletal Pain and Cardiovascular Risk in Hispanic/Latino Meatpacking Workers.

BackgroundMost meatpacking workers have pain affecting their back, arms, and/or wrists from work-related repetitive motions, forceful exertion, and awkward positioning. Chronic musculoskeletal pain...
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Mevidalen (LY3154207), a Centrally Acting Dopamine D1 Receptor-Positive Allosteric Modulator, in Patients With Parkinson Disease.

Mevidalen (LY3154207) is a positive allosteric modulator of the dopamine D1 receptor that enhances the affinity of dopamine for the D1 receptor. The safety, tolerability, motor effects, and pharmacokinetics of mevidalen were studied in patients with Parkinson disease. Mevidalen or placebo was given once daily for 14 days to 2 cohorts of patients (cohort 1, 75 mg; cohort 2, titration from 15 to 75 mg). For both cohorts, the median time to maximum concentration for mevidalen plasma concentration was about 2 hours, the apparent steady-state clearance was 20-25 L/h, and mevidalen plasma concentrations were similar between the 1st and 14th administration in cohort 1, indicating minimal accumulation upon repeated dosing. Mevidalen was well tolerated, and most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild. Blood pressure and pulse rate increased when taking mevidalen, but there was considerable overlap with patients taking placebo, and vital signs normalized with repeated dosing. In the Movement Disorder Society-United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, all patients taking mevidalen showed a better motor examination sub-score on day 6 compared to only some patients in the placebo group. These data support examining mevidalen for symptomatic treatment of patients with Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia.
Compound eye formation in the termite Incisitermes minor (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)

The postembryonic development and caste differentiation patterns of lower termites have been described multiple times in a variety of different species. However, most of these studies focused on gross ontogeny, without carefully describing the maturation of any particular organ or organ system. The few studies that have attempted to correlate caste development and organ differentiation have produced somewhat inconsistent results, especially in the area of eye formation. Therefore, in order to help further elucidate the relationship between eye formation and postembryonic differentiation in lower termites, we studied eye development in the termite, Incisitermes minor (Hagen). Eye formation in I. minor began in the earliest larvae, with only an eye primordium. However, in all later larval stages, characteristic eye structures were observed and were shown to progressively differentiate through larval and nymphal stages. Curiously, pigmentation began with three to eight groups of cells in early larvae and the number of these pigmented groups increased along the developmental time course. Ultimately, a uniformly pigmented eye area was formed by the early nymphal stage. The overall eye area also gradually increased along with normal caste development, but the characteristic lenses seen in a prototypical insect compound eye did not completely form until after the final nymphal stage. Electrophysiological measurements provided clear evidence that eyes were indeed functional at all stages of development where pigment was present. Based upon this data, the eye development pattern in I. minor appeared to follow a divergent pathway from holometabolous insects and an intermediate pathway between typical hemimetabolous eye development and the heterochronic shift observed in other termite species.
Creating social change in and through intercollegiate sport.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the work included in the special issue: Creating Social Change in and Through Intercollegiate Sport. In doing so, the author develops a multilevel conceptual model, demonstrating how the research included in the special issue addresses the antecedents and outcomes of social change initiatives in intercollegiate sport at the macro (i.e., institutionalized practices, cultural norms), meso (i.e., support of others, compelling narratives, collaborations) and microlevel (i.e., perspective-altering experiences, attitudes toward role of sport) of analysis. In addition, the author suggests ways to overcome barriers and increase the success of future social change initiatives. Based on this collection of scholarship, the author encourages researchers and practitioners to consider the multilevel factors that influence social change and the subsequent outcomes of such actions.
Simulating Forest Recovery Following Disturbances: Vegetation Dynamics and Biogeochemistry

Forest recovery immediately following disturbance is a critical period that dictates successional trajectories at stand and landscape scales. Models designed to capture forest recovery processes can vary widely in complexity depending on the number, types, and intensity of the triggering disturbances, and the questions being addressed. At a minimum, simulations must capture the process of stand re-initiation whereby vegetation becomes re-established, especially in terms of composition, rate, and spatial pattern. Additional considerations can include changes in vegetative composition, recovery of stand biomass or leaf area index (LAI), changes in soil carbon stores and nutrient availability, water yield and water chemistry, and biological legacies. Truly connecting forest recovery to landscape-scale processes requires integration via spatial processes, particularly dispersal and colonization, fuel connectivity, and density-dependent herbivory (ungulate or insect). A myriad of approaches have been developed with progress on many fronts but substantial challenges remain. In this chapter, we briefly review the current state of knowledge, provide examples that demonstrate the range of model complexity, and discuss the remaining challenges in simulation modeling of forest recovery following disturbance.
What Develops in Language Development

Publisher Summary This chapter considers the question of how language might develop in an individual learner. Any adequate theory of language development must also take a position on how language development in individuals is related to linguistic ability in our species. The chapter also considers both the human learner as a biological and psychological entity and human language as a species characteristic with particular formal properties and distributional characteristics and focuses primarily on the child learner, which is a typical domain of psychologists and others taking behavioral approaches to language development. It reviews that learners store a great deal of the input to which they are exposed, yet they generalize beyond that input, and studies of infant learning in the laboratory suggest that the generalization process can be quite rapid. The degree of generalization varies widely across ages and measures.
Strength Recovery from Static and Dynamic Muscular Fatigue

Abstract Thirty university students were each given two types of local fatiguing exercise utilizing a spring-loaded hand ergograph. Six minutes of dynamic contractions at the rate of 30 per minute caused strength to decline from an initial value of 45.7 kg. to a steady-state value of 27.6 kg. The half-time (rate of decline) was 89 sec. The corresponding figures for two minutes of continuous static exercise were 46.9 kg., 15.8 kg., and 38 sec. Mathematical analysis of these fatigue curves confirmed the results of others. The progress of recovery was observed for 10 minutes. A two-component exponential equation accounted for the observed progressive return of strength. However, the rate parameters were quite different in the two curves; recovery was much faster and followed a different pattern after static exercise.
The Response of Schools of Social Work to the Return of Uniformed Service Members and Their Families

The following article is designed to provide an historical overview of the role that the Smith College School for Social Work has played in serving U.S. service members and their families throughout the past 91 years. Particular attention is paid to the building momentum of interest and activity at the School since 2005.
Investigation of the Lead-free Solder Joint Shear Performance

Reflow profile has significant impact on solder joint performance because it influences wetting and microstructure of the solder joint. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of reflow profile and thermal shock on the shear performance of eutectic SnPb (SnPb) and Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) solder joints. Test boards were assembled with four different sized surface mount chip resistors (1206, 0805, 0603 and 0402). Nine reflow profiles for SAC 305 and nine reflow profiles for SnPb were developed with three levels of peak temperature (12°C, 22°C, and 32°C above solder liquidus temperature, or 230°C, 240°C, and 250°C for SAC 305; and 195°C, 205°C, and 215°C for SnPb) and three levels of time above solder liquidus temperature (30 sec., 60 sec., and 90 sec.). Half of the test vehicles were then subjected to air-to-air thermal shock conditioning from −40 to 125°C. The shear force data were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The fracture surfaces were studied using a Scanning Electron Mi...
La sostenibilidad de la cacería de Tapirus terrestris y de Tayassu pecari en la tierra comunitaria de origen Isoso: el modelo de cosecha unificado

Resumen es: Las tierras indigenas son claves para la conservacion de la biodiversidad a la escala de paisajes en Suramerica. Los habitantes indigenas tratan de integ...
Does component alignment affect gait symmetry in unilateral total hip arthroplasty patients

Abstract Background Component malposition in total hip arthroplasty patients has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. However, whether the component alignment influences hip dynamic performance following total hip arthroplasty remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the component alignment and in vivo hip kinematics during gait. Methods Nineteen unilateral total hip arthroplasty patients received CT scan for creation of 3D hip models. The component alignment between the non-implanted and implanted hips were measured and compared. Three-dimensional hip kinematics for both hips of the total hip arthroplasty patients during gait was quantified using a dual fluoroscopic imaging technique. The differences between the implanted and non-implanted hip kinematics during gait were calculated. A forward stepwise multiple linear regression was performed to evaluate the relationships between the changes in implanted hip kinematics and the differences in component alignment with respect to the non-implanted hips. Findings An average 5.1° (SD 6.5°; range − 11.1° to 18.3°) increase in internal rotation was observed in the implanted hip than the contralateral non-implanted hip and significantly correlated with a linear combination of the increase of cup anteversion, cup medial translation and leg lengthening (R = 0.81). Interpretation Results suggested that the total hip arthroplasty patients compensated the changes in hip geometry by altering the dynamic movement during gait. Restoration of the native hip geometry, including acetabular cup anteversion, position and leg length could be one of the factors that influence the hip kinematics symmetry in total hip arthroplasty patients during gait.
Ice nucleation and droplet formation by bare and coated soot particles

[1] We have studied ice formation at temperatures relevant to homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation, as well as droplet activation and hygroscopicity, of soot particles of variable size and composition. Coatings of adipic, malic, and oleic acid were applied in order to span an atmospherically relevant range of solubility, and both uncoated and oleic acid coated soot particles were exposed to ozone in order to simulate atmospheric oxidation. The results are interpreted in terms of onset ice nucleation, with a comparison to a mineral dust particle that acts as an efficient ice nucleus, and particle hygroscopicity. At 253 K and 243 K, we found no evidence of heterogeneous ice nucleation occurring above the level of detection for our experimental conditions. Above water saturation, only droplet formation was observed. At 233 K, we observe the occurrence of homogeneous ice nucleation for all particles studied. Coatings also did not significantly alter the ice nucleation behavior of soot particles but aided in the uptake of water. Hygroscopicity studies confirmed that pure soot particles were hydrophobic, and coated soot particles activated as droplets at high water supersaturations. A small amount of heterogeneous ice nucleation either below the detection limit of our instrument or concurrent with droplet formation and/or homogeneous freezing cannot be precluded, but we are able to set limits for its frequency. We conclude that both uncoated and coated soot particles comparable to those generated in our studies are unlikely to significantly contribute to the global budget of heterogeneous ice nuclei at temperatures between 233 K and 253 K.
Real-Time Measurement of Face Recognition in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation

Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been used extensively to study the processes involved in recognition memory. In particular, the early familiarity component of recognition has been linked to the FN400 (mid-frontal negative deflection between 300-500 ms), whereas the recollection component has been linked to a later positive deflection over the parietal cortex (500-800 ms). In this study, we measured the ERPs elicited by faces with varying degrees of familiarity. Participants viewed a continuous sequence of faces with either low (novel faces), medium (celebrity faces), or high (faces of friends and family) familiarity while performing a separate face-identification task. We found that the level of familiarity was significantly correlated with the magnitude of both the early and late recognition components. Additionally, by using a single-trial classification technique, applied to the entire evoked response, we were able to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar faces with a high degree of accuracy. The classification of high versus low familiarly resulted in areas under the curve (AUCs) of up to .99 for some participants. Interestingly, our classifier model (a linear discriminant function) was developed using a completely separate object categorization task on a different population of participants.
ITER edge-plasma conditions versus pump configuration*

Two-dimensional fluid simulations of ITER double-null divertor scrape-off-layer plasma conditions have been restricted to examining a single outboard divertor plate with up/down symmetry assumed. The present work evaluates the effect of pumping at only one plate on particle flow patterns and other parameters of interest. Pumping only at one plate results in reduced sheath temperatures at both plates but an increased heat flux at the pumped plate. The physics assumptions for separatrix density (n{sub SEP}={l angle}n{r angle}/3.5) and for radial particle diffusivity (D=0.66m{sup 2}/s) used in the simulation of ITER edge plasma result in particle throughputs two orders of magnitude greater than that required for acceptable fusion-product ash removal rates. The particle confinement time, however, is an order of magnitude shorter than the transport energy confinement time, {tau}{sub E}. Plasmas (D=0.04m{sup 2}/s) which would have {tau}{sub p} {approximately} {tau}{sub E} are evaluated and found to have unacceptably high plasma temperatures and heat flux at the plate. Ash removal rates are still acceptable. A plasma recycle coefficient of R=0.965 reduces the particle throughput by a factor of 2.8 below the no-recycle case.
Immunolocalization of Alkaline Phosphatase and Surfactant- like Particle Proteins in Rat Duodenum During Fat Absorption

BACKGROUND & AIMS: In response to triacylglycerol feeding, rat duodenum secretes into the lumen and lamina propria phospholipid-rich membranes (surfactant-like particles) that are enriched with intestinal alkaline phosphatase. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the enzyme and particle proteins were coordinate in tissue distribution and in time. METHODS: Immunocytochemistry using specific polyclonal antisera against alkaline phosphatase and against the complex of particle proteins and its 40-kilodalton component was performed. RESULTS: Triacylglycerol feeding produced a peak between 3 and 5 hours in stain intensity for both antigens, intracellularly as well as in the paracellular space and lamina propria. In fasting animals, the microvillous membrane stained strongly for alkaline phosphatase; surfactant-like particle proteins were mainly localized to the lamina propria. Feeding Pluronic L-81 (BASF Wyandotte, Wyandotte, MI), a detergent that decreases transcellular triacylglycerol movement and surfactant-like particle secretion, produced a decrease in reactivity of both antigens in the paracellular space, lamina propria, and lumen and redistributed intracellular alkaline phosphatase and surfactant- like particle proteins from Golgi or cytosol to intracellular membranes, corresponding to the circumference of lipid droplets. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that some intestinal alkaline phosphatase is secreted from the cell associated with the surfactant-like particle and are consistent with a role for this particle in transepithelial transport of triacylglycerols in the enterocyte. (Gastroenterology 1996 Feb;110(2):478-88)
URODYNAMIC TESTS : CLIENT PREPARATION, ASSESSMENT, AND FOLLOW-UP

Numerous types of voiding dysfunctions affect patients in all medical and surgical specialties. Recognition, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment or management of voiding dysfunctions have increasingly become the responsibility of many primary health care providers. Urodynamics is a series of neurourologic diagnostic procedures designed to aid in the diagnosis of many types of voiding problems. This article will provide the primary health care provider with a basic but brief review of lower urinary tract function, a fundamental explanation of the urodynamic evaluation and requirements, and a description of the responsibilities of the patient throughout the testing process. Each urodynamic procedure is described separately with the required instrumentation needed for each specific test. This article also will review the responsibilities of the primary health care provider in preprocedural family and patient education, care and preparation, and postprocedural care of the patient referred for a urodynamic evaluation. Additionally, the major indications for a urodynamic workup and etiologies of abnormal findings will be reviewed.