cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Superconducting materials--A review of recent advances and current problems in practical materials

In the four years since the last International Magnet Technology Conference, there has been a significant increase in both the breadth and scale of superconducting magnet construction. A number of advances have been pursued out of the laboratory into large scale construction so that today we see large scale magnets utilizing He I in free convection boiling, He I in conduit (force flow) and He II. Whereas four years ago filamentary Nb 3 Sn had only just become available in magnet conductor configurations and lengths, now it is being produced in quantity for a number of large projects. The discontinuous route to filamentary Nb 3 Sn has received much laboratory investigation and may soon be available for industrial scale production. Fundamental studies of Nb 3 Sn and other A15 compounds have shown that significant improvements in J c and H c2 are possible, although not all improvements can be achieved with favorable fabrication techniques. There have also been substantial developments in Nb-Ti. Production has increased significantly and experience with large scale production runs has assisted the development of higher J c values in both the small diameter, fine filament conductors typical of high energy physics magnets as well as the large monolith, large filament conductors utilized for some MHD and fusion applications. Microstructural-processing studies have begun to reveal some of the crucial steps in the optimization of conductors of arbitrary size and design. At the same time it has proved possible to raise the upper critical field of Nb-Ti by alloying, particularly with Ta, and these alloys may find significant application in magnets of 8-12 Tesla for applications such as fusion, new higher energy accelerators and NMR. This paper reviews these and other important developments in the field of practical superconducting materials.
Planar processing for magnetic bubble devices

A two-mask level, conductor first thin film process is described for fabrication of magnetic bubble devices. The process permits a stepless permalloy level over a conductor that may be two to three times as thick as conventional processing The planar process is attained by anodizing a thick aluminum alloy film in all regions where no conductor is needed. The process described solves problems in conventional processing caused by thin conductor metalization and permalloy step coverage. Replication, nucleation, and annihilation devices made with this process promise superior performance.
Prognosis determination in heart failure.

Randomized controlled clinical trials as well as large community-based trials have succeeded in identifying more than 50 biochemical, hemodynamic, functional, demographic, and electrophysiologic factors that may be predictive of life expectancy in patients with heart failure. Of all neurohormonal markers, cardiac norepinephrine spillover may be the strongest predictor of outcome, although measurements of plasma norepinephrine, which is a useful surrogate marker of systemic adrenergic activity, are more widely available. Brain natriuretic peptide also appears to be a strong multivariate indicator of prognosis, although its relative importance requires confirmation. Although left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a strong predictor of outcome within a large range of LVEF values in patients with moderate heart failure, it loses predictive value in patients with more advanced disease and low LVEF. The cardiothoracic ratio appears to offer independent prognostic information above and beyond LVEF. A variety of studies have revealed metabolic exercise performance, as reflected by peak oxygen consumption, to be a strong predictor of outcome in patients with moderate as well as severe heart failure. Of all demographic variables, advanced age is the most powerful prognostic indicator. The presence of symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias is an important predictor of mortality in patients with heart failure. Medical and surgical interventions that have been proven to prolong survival in patients with heart failure include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, b-adrenergic blockers, spironolactone (in advanced heart failure), statins (in patients with elevated cholesterol levels), automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillators (in patients with symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias), and cardiac transplantation. Adjunctive angiotensin receptor blockers may also be of significant benefit in reducing mortality, although this is unproven. In everyday clinical practice, a careful history and physical examination, together with measurement of LVEF, should yield the most valuable prognostic information. The prognosis of patients with mild to moderate heart failure is constantly changing, thanks to advances in medical therapy and devices that have improved the outcome for these patients. Despite such progress, however, chronic heart failure (CHF) continues to be associated with a high mortality. Randomized trials as well as community-based studies have identified prognostic factors that may help to identify those patients who are at greatest risk of dying. Because no single study has analyzed all of the proposed risk factors simultaneously, it is not yet possible to rank them in strict order of importance. Nevertheless, this review will examine a variety of biochemical, hemodynamic, functional, electrophysiologic, and demographic risk factors and assess their relative value for predicting the outcome in patients with heart failure.
Unilateral pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease: speech, motor, and neuropsychological outcome measurements.

Abstract We studied the effects of unilateral medial pallidotomy in the first 57 consecutive Parkinson's disease (PD) patients undergoing this MRI/electrophysiologically guided procedure at our institution, obtaining qualitative and quantitative measures of speech, motor function, activities of daily living, and neuropsychological functioning at 3 and 12 months post-operatively. Speech intelligibility was typically preserved, declining mildly in one-third of patients post-operatively. Pallidotomy significantly improved motor function similarly in patients ≥65 or n =20). Cognitive abilities generally remained stable following surgery; however, performance on measures of letter fluency and semantic fluency declined in patients with left pallidotomies. We conclude that in our series mild deterioration in speech may occur with unilateral pallidotomy in patients otherwise responsive to this treatment.
13)C metabolic flux analysis of recombinant expression hosts.

Identifying host cell metabolic phenotypes that promote high recombinant protein titer is a major goal of the biotech industry. (13)C metabolic flux analysis (MFA) provides a rigorous approach to quantify these metabolic phenotypes by applying isotope tracers to map the flow of carbon through intracellular metabolic pathways. Recent advances in tracer theory and measurements are enabling more information to be extracted from (13)C labeling experiments. Sustained development of publicly available software tools and standardization of experimental workflows is simultaneously encouraging increased adoption of (13)C MFA within the biotech research community. A number of recent (13)C MFA studies have identified increased citric acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway fluxes as consistent markers of high recombinant protein expression, both in mammalian and microbial hosts. Further work is needed to determine whether redirecting flux into these pathways can effectively enhance protein titers while maintaining acceptable glycan profiles.
Excitatory amino acids and Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Excitatory amino acids (EAA) such as glutamate and aspartate are major transmitters of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and EAA mechanisms appear to play a role in learning and memory. Anatomical and biochemical evidence suggests that there is both pre- and postsynaptic disruption of EAA pathways in Alzheimer's disease. Dysfunction of EAA pathways could play a role in the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease, such as memory loss and signs of cortical disconnection. Furthermore, EAA might be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, by virtue of their neurotoxic (excitotoxic) properties. Circumstantial evidence raises the possibility that the EAA system may partially determine the distribution of pathology in Alzheimer's disease and may be important in producing the neurofibrillary tangles, RNA reductions and dendritic changes which characterize this devastating disorder. In this article, we will review the evidence suggesting a role for EAA in the clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Elicitation of structure-specific antibodies by epitope scaffolds

Elicitation of antibodies against targets that are immunorecessive, cryptic, or transient in their native context has been a challenge for vaccine design. Here we demonstrate the elicitation of structure-specific antibodies against the HIV-1 gp41 epitope of the broadly neutralizing antibody 2F5. This conformationally flexible region of gp41 assumes mostly helical conformations but adopts a kinked, extended structure when bound by antibody 2F5. Computational techniques were employed to transplant the 2F5 epitope into select acceptor scaffolds. The resultant “2F5-epitope scaffolds” possessed nanomolar affinity for antibody 2F5 and a range of epitope flexibilities and antigenic specificities. Crystallographic characterization of the epitope scaffold with highest affinity and antigenic discrimination confirmed good to near perfect attainment of the target conformation for the gp41 molecular graft in free and 2F5-bound states, respectively. Animals immunized with 2F5-epitope scaffolds showed levels of graft-specific immune responses that correlated with graft flexibility (p < 0.04), while antibody responses against the graft—as dissected residue-by-residue with alanine substitutions—resembled more closely those of 2F5 than sera elicited with flexible or cyclized peptides, a resemblance heightened by heterologous prime-boost. Lastly, crystal structures of a gp41 peptide in complex with monoclonal antibodies elicited by the 2F5-epitope scaffolds revealed that the elicited antibodies induce gp41 to assume its 2F5-recognized shape. Epitope scaffolds thus provide a means to elicit antibodies that recognize a predetermined target shape and sequence, even if that shape is transient in nature, and a means by which to dissect factors influencing such elicitation.
Exocortis viroid: cytopathic effects at the plasma membrane in association with pathogenic RNA.

Abstract Aberrations of the plasma membrane have been identified as the primary cytopathic effect associated with exocortis viroid in infected Gynura aurantiaca DC. The frequency of paramural bodies or plasmalemmasome-like structures is directly correlated with the initiation of symptoms, as well as the recovery of pathogenic RNA. These cytopathic structures suggest that alterations in cell-surface properties may constitute a significant phase in viroid replication or pathogenesis.
Structure-functional diversity of human L-type Ca2+ channel: perspectives for new pharmacological targets

The L-type Ca2+ channels mediate depolarization-induced influx of Ca2+ into a wide variety of cells and thus play a central role in triggering cardiac and smooth muscle contraction. Because of this role, clinically important classes of 1,4-dihydropyridine, phenylalkylamine, and benzothiazepine Ca2+ channel blockers were developed as powerful medicines to treat hypertension and angina pectoris. Molecular cloning studies revealed that the channel is subject to extensive structure-functional variability due to alternative splicing. In this review, we will focus on a potentially important role of genetically driven variability of Ca2+ channels in expression regulation and mutations, Ca2+-induced inactivation, and modulation of sensitivity to Ca2+ channel blockers with the perspective for new pharmacological targets.
The heat generated during the torsional oscillations of copper tubes

Abstract Experimental data on the heat generated during slow torsional oscillations of annealed OFHC copper tubes are presented. These oscillations involve a strain amplitude of approximately ½ per cent so that plastic deformations occur. The frequency of oscillation is less than ¼ c/s. It is demonstrated that there is a period when nearly adiabatic conditions exist and all observations are made in this time. It is demonstrated that the rate of doing plastic work sometimes exceeds the rate of heat generation and vice-versa. Over a complete cycle the work always exceeds the heat that is generated, but locally this is not the case. Specimens, which are releasing more heat than the plastic work that is being done on them, have unsymmetrical hysteresis loops and sometimes deform nonhomogeneously in the first cycle. All specimens require more plastic work than they release as heat when they leave the elastic region in the first cycle. A coupled thermoplasticity theory which is consistent with the experimental data is also presented in an appendix.
Variability in primary production as observed from moored sensors in the central Arabian Sea in 1995

Carbon assimilation was calculated using surface irradiance and fluorescence data collected from moored sensors located in the Arabian Sea (15°30′N, 61°30′E), beginning the twelvemonth period in October 1994. The calculation uses an assumed quantum efficiency and independently estimated phytoplankton absorption coefficients. Fluorescence was calibrated to chlorophyll a. Estimated primary production (C assimilation) varied seasonally and was roughly correlated with chlorophyll a biomass. Variations in integral primary production estimated from the moored observations as a function of integral chlorophyll a are interpreted in terms of the variations in mixed layer depth and possible losses of chlorophyll a biomass. Deep mixed layers suggest lower chlorophyll a-specific production, and variations in chlorophyll a may indicate grazing losses. Seasonal variability in a measure of primary production is useful for establishing the relationship with environmental forcing in the Arabian Sea and in understanding the export of production to the deep sea.
Aircraft tachometer indicator ¿ An analysis of design factors affecting starting performance

FIFTY years of powered flight have brought changes to aircraft controls. A pilot cannot properly control the flight of today's powerful machines without the use of instruments. Many of the newer instruments and control devices embody electronic elements for sensitivity and speed of response. Some have servo-system operation for highest accuracy. One of the oldest instruments, the engine speed indicator,1 still has an important place on the aircraft instrument panel. Without electronic components or servo elements the simple dragmagnet ? eddy-current disk type of tachometer instrument continues to provide a highly accurate and dependable service to the pilot.
Facial expressions and EEG in infants of intrusive and withdrawn mothers with depressive symptoms.

When intrusive and withdrawn mothers with depressive symptoms modeled happy, surprised, and sad expressions, their 3-month-old infants did not differentially respond to these expressions or show EEG changes. When a stranger modeled these expressions, the infants of intrusive vs. withdrawn mothers looked more at the surprised and sad expressions and showed greater relative right EEG activity in response to the surprise and sad expressions as compared to the happy expressions. These findings suggest that the infants of intrusive mothers with depressive symptoms showed more differential responding to the facial expressions than the infants of withdrawn mothers. In addition, the infants of intrusive vs. infants of withdrawn mothers showed increased salivary cortisol following the interactions, suggesting that they were more stressed by the interactions.
Differences in body composition between metabolically healthy obese and metabolically abnormal obese adults.

Differences in body composition between metabolically healthy obese and metabolically abnormal obese adults
A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE ABUNDANCES OF THE RARE EARTHS IN THE SUN

Abstract Using equivalent widths from the Utrecht Atlas and laboratory ƒ values measured at the National Bureau of Standards, the ratios of 11 heavy elements to scandium have been derived from curves of growth of ionized lines. The abundances of Sr, Y, and Zr agree well with spectroscopic determinations from neutral lines by Goldberg, Muller, and Aller while the agreement for barium is only fair. When the rare earths are compared with abundances from meteorites as summarized by Urey the agreement is good for Ce, Nd, and Sm. La, which is well determined, appears to be surprisingly overabundant. Eu and Gd are represented by few lines and scatter rather badly as does Pr, the presence of whose lines in the Sun is doubtful.
Cytoplasmic and nuclear basic protein synthesis during early sea urchin development

Abstract Nuclear and cytoplasmic basic proteins were isolated from three early developmental stages of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus following a 1-h incubation in 14 C-amino acids. The absorbance profiles of electrophoretically separated basic nuclear proteins from zygote and 32–64-cell stages are very similar. Both stages have three peaks of 14 C-incorporation. One peak coincides with the F3 bands of carrier blastula histone and the other two peaks directly precede it. Very little absorbancy or radioactivity are associated with the other fractions of carrier histone. Blastulae raised in the continuous presence of actinomycin D contain nearly the same histone pattern as controls raised without the drug. This demonstrates that histones are translated during early development using stored maternal messages. Acid extracts of the crude microsomal fraction from 32–64-cell and blastula stages contain several very radioactive basic protein bands. These active proteins are extracted with the non-labeled ribosomal basic proteins and have the same electrophoretic mobilities as histones. Since similar migrating fractions are found in nuclei of blastulae but not the 32–64-cell stage, it is suggested that histones are made during early cleavage, but only a small portion immediately become an integral part of chromatin. The remaining fractions may be held in the cytoplasm for several cell divisions before becoming incorporated into chromatin at the onset of blastulation.
Autoimmune Ganglionic Blockade. A Cause of Autonomic Failure. Focus on “Experimental Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy”

If we are seeking evidence about the importance of the autonomic nervous system in daily life, we need only witness the disabling nature of autonomic disorders. Patients with severe autonomic failure are unable to stand but for few seconds, before syncope ensue due to orthostatic hypotension. The
Sparse event detection in wireless sensor networks using compressive sensing

Compressive sensing is a revolutionary idea proposed recently to achieve much lower sampling rate for sparse signals. For large wireless sensor networks, the events are relatively sparse compared with the number of sources. Because of deployment cost, the number of sensors is limited, and due to energy constraint, not all the sensors are turned on all the time. In this paper, the first contribution is to formulate the problem for sparse event detection in wireless sensor networks as a compressive sensing problem. The number of (wake-up) sensors can be greatly reduced to the similar level of the number of sparse events, which is much smaller than the total number of sources. Second, we suppose the event has the binary nature, and employ the Bayesian detection using this prior information. Finally, we analyze the performance of the compressive sensing algorithms under the Gaussian noise. From the simulation results, we show that the sampling rate can reduce to 25% without sacrificing performance. With further decreasing the sampling rate, the performance is gradually reduced until 10% of sampling rate. Our proposed detection algorithm has much better performance than the l 1 -magic algorithm proposed in the literature.
Increasing deterministic control of primary succession on Mount St. Helens, Washington

Question: Does the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic factors change during primary succession? Location: Small depressions (potholes) located on Mount St. Helens, Washington (46°13′51″N, 122°09′10″W, 1290 m). Methods: Pothole vegetation was described in 1993, 1997 and from 2001 to 2008. Explanatory variables included location and elevation (spatial factors), soil factors and Lupinus lepidus cover from prior years (a fertility surrogate). RDA assessed species-variable relationships. DCA calculated β diversity and within-year heterogeneity. Flexible sorting classified the vegetation. Species composition, richness, cover, H′ and evenness were also calculated. Results: Vegetation cover increased through 2001, and then fluctuated due to changes in L. lepidus cover. Richness peaked in 2005, after which pioneer species began to decline as persistent evergreen species increased. The six CTs recognized in 2008 were more scattered than were the six different CTs from 2001. DCA demonstrated that woody and rhizomatous species increased as pothole vegetation became less variable. RDA revealed weak spatial relationships in 1993, 1997 and 2001; thereafter, environmental and biological factors became important. The species-explanatory data relationship increased during this study from 10.2% to 36.0%, leaving 64.0% of the variation unexplained. Conclusions: This is the first temporal study to demonstrate that deterministic control of vegetation development increases during succession. Pothole vegetation has converged somewhat due to deterministic factors, but the initial effects of chance, local disturbances and history remain large and may prevent strong convergence.
Separation of Radiolabeled Acetylmethadol and Metabolites by Thin-Layer Chromatography

The separation and quantltatlon of redlolabeled acetylmethadol and its metabolltes by thin-layer chromatography Is described. The use of plates with a preadsorbent dispensing area permits direct application of bloflulds without the need for preliminary extraction. The analysis of a sample of bile obtained following the edmlnlstretlon of redlolabeled acetylmethedol to a baboon Illustrates the application of this method to pharmacoklnetlc studies.
Effects of formulation variables on liquid‐crystal droplet size distributions in ultraviolet‐cured polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal cells

The size distributions of liquid-crystal droplets in ultraviolet-cured polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal cells have been studied with optical microscopy. It has been observed that (1) the relative masses of the liquid crystal and crosslinking agent determine the droplet size distribution for submicrometer droplet diameters and (2) only the liquid-crystal mass fraction affects the droplet size distribution for diameters ranging from 1 to 4 μm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1842–1848, 2005
Stockpiling drugs for an avian influenza outbreak: examining the surge in oseltamivir prescriptions during heightened media coverage of the potential for a worldwide pandemic.

During the fall of 2005, reports of personal stockpiling of oseltamivir for use during a future outbreak of H5N1 influenza virus infection were widespread, coincident with increased media coverage of the potential for a worldwide pandemic. So much oseltamivir had been prescribed prior to the start of influenza season that the drug’s manufacturer suspended shipments to the United States at the end of October 2005.1 Subsequently, despite the fact that human cases of H5N1 influenza virus infection continue to occur, public awareness has diminished, and the demand for oseltamivir has markedly decreased. In light of emerging infectious diseases and the ongoing threat of bioterrorism, personal stockpiling of other drugs in response to public health threats is likely to occur in the future. Therefore, a clearer elucidation of the issues surrounding personal stockpiling is warranted. Although stockpiling may be useful in specific contexts and certain situations, haphazard and panicked personal stockpiling of antimicrobials could decrease the availability of drugs for persons with active infection and prevent the strategic use of a limited drug supply when it is needed. Antimicrobials dispensed in anticipation of an outbreak may also be used inappropriately to treat illnesses other than those for which the drugs were intended.1 The potential ramifications of self-medication with antimicrobial drugs include the propagation of antimicrobial resistance, unwarranted risk of adverse events, and suboptimal care for individuals who should receive more extensive clinical evaluation. To our knowledge, no studies have examined patient-level prescribing and/or usage patterns for oseltamivir; in particular, there has apparently been no examination of prescribing practices and usage patterns for the oseltamivir that was prescribed out of proportion to influenza activity during periods of heightened media coverage of avian influenza. Furthermore, as far as we know, researchers have not examined the knowledge, beliefs, concerns, and/or expectations regarding avian influenza of patients who stockpiled oseltamivir. Elucidation of these issues may help illuminate the impact of personal stockpiling and develop public health responses or strategies aimed at minimizing this practice, if necessary, during future threats of pandemic illness and/or bioterrorism. Given this context, our study aimed to do the following: (1) assess individuals’ reasons for receipt of an oseltamivir prescription between September and December 2005, (2) determine the extent to which oseltamivir prescribed during this period was later used inappropriately by patients, and (3) compare knowledge, understanding, concerns, and expectations regarding avian influenza among persons who obtained oseltamivir for probable stockpiling and persons who did not obtain this drug.
Lifeline communication system in the Internet

The spread of the Internet has made it important as a potential means of lifeline communication. The Internet can fulfill a role in the everyday life of citizens by offering lifeline communication services such as the police, ambulance, gas, electricity, water service when an emergency occurs. In these lifeline communications, a caller needs to be able to communicate with the nearby lifeline service agency the same as on PSTN (public switched telephone networks) without being consciously aware of the path the caller's message is taking. Moreover, the lifeline service agency must be able to acquire the caller's location and identity. However, it is very difficult to transfer these essential functions from the PSTN to the Internet without making significant changes because of the large differences between the PSTN and the Internet. We discuss how to obtain these functions for lifeline communications in the Internet. We further propose a model and implement a lifeline communication system on the Internet.
What to Do about Missing Values in Time-Series Cross-Section Data

Applications of modern methods for analyzing data with missing values, based primarily on multiple imputation, have in the last half-decade become common in American politics and political behavior. Scholars in this subset of political science have thus increasingly avoided the biases and inefficiencies caused by ad hoc methods like listwise deletion and best guess imputation.However,researchersinmuchofcomparativepoliticsandinternationalrelations,andotherswithsimilardata, have been unable to do the same because the best available imputation methods work poorly with the time-series crosssectiondatastructurescommoninthesefields.Weattempttorectifythissituationwiththreerelateddevelopments.First,we build a multiple imputation model that allows smooth time trends, shifts across cross-sectional units, and correlations over time and space, resulting in far more accurate imputations. Second, we enable analysts to incorporate knowledge from area studies experts via priors on individual missing cell values, rather than on difficult-to-interpret model parameters. Third, because these tasks could not be accomplished within existing imputation algorithms, in that they cannot handle as many variables as needed even in the simpler cross-sectional data for which they were designed, we also develop a new algorithm that substantially expands the range of computationally feasible data types and sizes for which multiple imputation can be used. These developments also make it possible to implement the methods introduced here in freely available open source software that is considerably more reliable than existing algorithms.
Bifunctional nature of a SiO2-supported Ni2P catalyst for hydrotreating : EXAFS and FTIR studies

A Ni{sub 2}P catalyst supported on a high-surface area SiO{sub 2} (350 m{sup 2} g{sub -1}) was prepared by temperature-programmed reduction, and its structural and surface properties were studied. X-ray diffraction and extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements were used to obtain structural parameters for the supported Ni{sub 2}P phase, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis with the probe molecules CO and pyridine was carried out to characterize the surface properties. The catalytic activity was measured at 573 K and 3.1 MPa in a three-phase fixed-bed reactor for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) using a model liquid feed. At standard conditions using 500 ppm S as 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), 3000 ppm S as dimethyldisulfide, 200 ppm N as quinoline, and 1% tetralin in a tridecane solvent, the Ni{sub 2}P/SiO{sub 2} gave an HDS conversion of 85%, an HDN conversion of 100%, and a tetralin conversion of 37%, which were much higher than those of a commercial Ni-Mo-S/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst, which gave an HDS conversion of 41%, an HDN conversion of 98%, and a tetralin conversion of 20% based on equal numbers of sites (240 {micro}mol) loaded in the reactor. The sites were counted by CO chemisorption for the phosphide andmore » by low-temperature O{sub 2} chemisorption for the sulfide. The Ni{sub 2}P/SiO{sub 2} catalyst favored the hydrogenation (HYD) pathway for 4,6-DMDBT HDS to generate methylcyclohexyltoluene and dimethylbicyclohexane with a relative HYD selectivity of 95%. It also favored hydrogenation for tetralin to give decalin with a relative HYD selectivity of 89%. The Ni{sub 2}P/SiO{sub 2} catalyst also showed better resistance to N-compounds than the Ni-Mo-S/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst. The FTIR spectra of adsorbed CO showed that the Ni site in the Ni{sub 2}P phase gave rise to considerable {pi}-back bonding, which was related to the high activity of the Ni{sub 2}P/SiO{sub 2} catalyst in the hydrogenation of aromatics. The FTIR spectra of adsorbed pyridine showed that the Ni{sub 2}P phase had a P{single_bond}OH group associated with Br{o}nsted acidity that was active for the protonation of N compounds. These results thus suggest that the supported Ni{sub 2}P catalyst has bifunctional properties that are beneficial for catalytic activity in hydroprocessing.« less
Glucose infusion attenuates endogenous glucose production and enhances glucose use of horses during exercise

We examined the effects of increased glucose availability on glucose kinetics and substrate utilization in horses during exercise. Six conditioned horses ran on a treadmill for 90 min at 34 ± 1% of...
A remark on the problem of semiglobal nonlinear output regulation

This paper shows how the method for semiglobal stabilization by output feedback, based on high-gain observer and saturation, and the method for structurally stable regulation, based on system immersion, can be effectively coupled in order to solve problems of robust output regulation in the presence of parameter uncertainties ranging over compact sets.
Capturing, carrying, and releasing of micro-objects by AC-electroweting-actuated oscillating bubbles

This paper reports a new principle of object manipulation along with experimental proofs. It is found that air bubbles oscillated by AC electrowetting capture neighboring objects. The capturing strength is proportional to the oscillation amplitude that can be controlled by the amplitude and frequency of electrowetting signal. Using microfabricated-testing chips, it is demonstrated that oscillating mobile bubbles capture, carry, and release neighboring objects on a chip. Switching operations between capturing and releasing is done simply by changing the frequency of electrowetting signal while electrowetting is on. This new manipulation method may provide an efficient tool for handling millimeter- as well as micron-sized objects such as biological cells and embryos cells.
Critically Reflective Inquiry and Administrator Preparation: Problems and Possibilities.

The Holmes Group's concept of professional development schools challenges conventional assumptions about how practitioners acquire knowledge of educational practice and how theory and practice are related. This article examines these different assumptions and their implications for administrator preparation in professional development schools by analyzing case studies of a problem-based administrative seminar and inquiry-oriented teacher education programs. To address the dilemmas revealed by the case studies in integrating theory and practice and reconceptualizing roles and relationships, the article discusses conditions for fostering collaborative inquiries into problems of practice by student administrators, university faculty, and cooperating school administrators.
Position of protein S1 in the 30 S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli

Abstract The results of neutron distance measurement involving ribosomal protein S1 from Escherichia coli are reported. These data provide a position for S1 on the small ribosomal subunit. They also indicate that S1, bound to the ribosome, has a radius of gyration of 60 to 65 A, suggesting that its axial ratio in the bound state is similar to that it has as a free molecule in solution; namely, 10: 1. The implications of these results for our understanding of the mode of action of S1 are discussed.
Temporal leukocyte numbers and granulocyte activation in pulsatile and rotary ventricular assist device patients.

Individual ventricular assist device (VAD) design may affect leukocytes and impact immunity. Few studies have presented leukocyte and infection profiles in VAD patients over the course of the implant period. CD11b (MAC-1) expression on granulocytes is an indicator of activation during inflammation, mediating extravasation and the release of reactive oxygen species in tissue. No reported studies have presented MAC-1 expression on circulating granulocytes in VAD patients. Fifty-six patients implanted at a single center with a HeartMate II (HMII; n = 32), HeartWare (HW; n = 12), or Thoratec pneumatic VAD (PVAD; n = 12) between 1999 and 2011 were followed for 120 days of support. The leukocyte profiles and infectious events of all patients were evaluated; additionally, a subset had MAC-1 expression on circulating granulocytes was measured (HMII n = 9; HW n = 7; PVAD n = 4). All groups exhibited a significant peak in leukocyte numbers at postoperative day (POD) 14 while simultaneously experiencing a significant decrease in hematocrit. HMII patients exhibited a 3.2-fold increase in granulocyte MAC-1 expression at POD 14, and the temporal trend over the implant period differed from that experienced by HW patients. Further, HW patients experienced significantly fewer infection events. Alterations in leukocyte profiles and granulocyte activation experienced by VAD patients appear to be device-specific. Elevations in leukocyte activation may be related to an increased risk for infection, although the specific relationship between these phenomena in this patient group is not known.
Modeling of ultrasound speckle with application in flaw detection in metals

RF ultrasound backscatter speckle is modeled by a parametric noncausal Gaussian Markov field that appears to capture the speckle structure well, is consistent with the first-order marginal statistics of the complex amplitude speckle, and explains the homogeneous coarseness appearance of the speckle in terms of a homogeneous colored random field with a definite correlation structure. The Markov property results in the compact parametrization of the backscatter echo field by a few parameters, and constitutes a huge reduction in the representation and analysis complexity of the backscatter image. Use is made of the intensity as well as phase information, associated with the acoustic image by analyzing and modeling the acoustic RF data rather than the intensity data. The additional phase information associated with the RF data allows for the statistics of the complex backscatter echo field or, equivalently, that of the RF field to be completely specified. The approach provides a coherent theoretical basis for the design of statistical tests for detecting targets embedded in the speckle image, for the case where the speckle model parameters are either a priori known or unknown. >
Peripheral mediators involved in gastric hyperemia to vagal activation by central TRH analog in rats

Mechanisms mediating the increase in gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) induced by the stable thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog RX-77368 injected intracisternally at a gastric acid secretor...
Isolated abducens nerve palsy following neonatal hepatitis B vaccination

We report a case of sudden-onset abducens nerve palsy in an otherwise healthy 8-day-old boy following neonatal hepatitis B vaccination. A complete workup, including magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits revealed no abnormalities. The patient recovered fully, with no recurrence of the abducens nerve palsy despite receiving the full course of the hepatitis B vaccine as well as other recommended immunizations through 18 months of age. We review the literature regarding vaccination-induced abducens nerve palsy and discuss the possible mechanisms of injury.
Tracking a group of highly correlated targets

Under the probabilistic framework, we consider the problem of tracking a group of highly correlated targets and propose to embed the correlation into the sampling procedure, where the correlation serves as both a prior information to improve the efficiency and a constraint to prevent trackers from confusion or drifting. Experiments under different settings demonstrate promising results in robustness with linear complexity.
Comparison of MODIS fPAR Products with Landsat-5 TM-Derived fPAR over Semiarid Rangelands of Idaho

While validation of the MODIS fPAR product is well behind that of the LAI product, it is recently receiving more attention. In this study, MODIS fPAR and Landsat-5 TM-derived fPAR (TM fPAR) were calculated and quantitatively compared using imagery from 2005 to 2008 for the semiarid rangelands of Idaho, USA. fPAR change maps were calculated between active growth and late-summer senescence periods. Accuracy of the MODIS fPAR and TM fPAR were determined indirectly by incorporating field-based measurements of above-ground forage biomass and percent ground cover from a variety of sites (n = 442).
Risk Event and Probability Extraction for Modeling Medical Risks

In this paper we address the task of extracting risk events and probabilities from free text, focusing in particular on the biomedical domain. While our initial motivation is to enable the determination of the parameters of a Bayesian belief network, our approach is not specific to that use case. We are the first to investigate this task as a sequence tagging problem where we label spans of text as events A or B that are then used to construct probability statements of the form P(A|B)=x. We show that our approach significantly outperforms an entity extraction baseline on a new annotated medical risk event corpus. We also explore semi-supervised methods that lead to modest improvement, encouraging further work in this direction.
KEYNES'S FINANCE MOTIVE: COMMENT

IN the March 1965 issue of this journal, Paul Davidson advances the Keynesian 'demand for finance' motive as a general theory of the transactions demand for money.1 In doing so, he adds what amounts to a major underpinning to both the static and dynamic properties of the generally accepted (i.e. the Hicks IS-LM) macroeconomic model. I shall argue that Davidson's analysis is incomplete, it does not (as he claims) qualify the traditional use of the IS-LM diagram, and it does not (as he further claims) constitute a meaningful basis for macroeconomic path analysis. What follows is intended purely as a criticism of the logical deductions Davidson has drawn from the operation of the finance motive. I offer no judgement on the empirical relevance of the issues discussed. Having denied in both the Treatise and the General Theory that increments in saving and investment can directly alter the market rate of interest, Keynes offered in June 1937 a mechanism by which changes in investment and interest might indeed be related.2 In anticipation of additional investment expenditures, entrepreneurs would raise their demand for money for 'finance', causing a direct increase in the rate of interest. Thus did Keynes prevent interest movements from straying outside of the supply-and-demand-for-money framework established for them in the General Theory,3 while at the same time acknowledging the common-sense notion that greater investment directly creates monetary stringency. In a later paper Keynes generalized this relationship, arguing that the transactions demand for money depends upon the demand for all output, not merely upon planned investment.4 Davidson revives this long-forgotten point, maintaining that the demand for money contains as its own parameters those of the consumption (C) and investment demand (I) functions. Thus any increase in the demand for goods, consumption or capital, is accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the 'entire transactions demand for money schedule' (Li).5 This 'puts additional pressure on the rate of interest'6 and shows clearly that the monetary sector (i.e. the demand
Validity and Reliability of the First Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle

A laboratory study was undertaken to quantify the validity, the intra- and interobserver reliability, and the effect of first metatarsal orientation on the distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA). First metatarsals from six cadavers were isolated by sharp dissection and attached to a custom-made triplanar protractor. This allowed controlled positioning of the first metatarsal in the three cardinal planes. Each specimen was moved through a stepwise sequence of first metatarsal orientation changes. Radiographs were taken at each position. The distal (metatarsophalangeal) articular surface of the first metatarsal was then circumscribed with metallic paint and the radiographic series was repeated. DMAA measurements were made on each radiograph multiple times by two measurers blinded to the parameters of variation. The difference between the standard (clinical) radiographic technique for estimating the DMAA and the metallic paint DMAA averaged -0.9 degrees (SD = 2.4 degrees). Longitudinal rotation (P < .0001) and varus deviation (P < .02 at 10 degrees) of the first metatarsal had a significant effect on the radiographic determination of the DMAA. Although intraobserver reliability for DMAA measurement was high, interobserver reliability for the clinical technique of measurement was poor (pooled intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.14).
Kinetic Study of the OH Radical Reaction with Phenylacetylene

The reaction of the OH radical with phenylacetylene is studied over the 298-423 K temperature range and 1-7.5 Torr pressure range in a quasi-static reaction cell. The OH radical is generated by 266 nm photolysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or 355 nm photolysis of nitrous acid (HONO), and its concentration monitored using laser-induced fluorescence. The measured reaction rates are found to strongly depend on laser fluence at 266 nm. The 266 nm absorption cross-section of phenylacetylene is measured to be 1.29 (±0.71) × 10(-17) cm(2), prohibiting any accurate kinetic measurements at this wavelength. The rates are independent of laser fluence at 355 nm with an average value of 8.75 (±0.73) × 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1). The reaction exhibits no pressure or temperature dependence over the studied experimental conditions and is much faster than the estimated values presently used in combustion models. These results are consistent with the formation of a short lifetime intermediate that stabilizes by collisional quenching with the buffer gas. The structures of the most likely formed products are discussed based on both the computed energies for the OH-addition intermediates and previous theoretical investigations on similar chemical systems.
22 Na, Ne–E, extinct radioactive anomalies and unsupported 40 Ar

A NEW picture1 of the origin of the known extinct radioactivities (129I and 244Pu) holds that these radioactive species were precipitated in grains forming in the rapidly cooling ejecta of explosive nucleosynthesis, and that their decay occurred in interstellar grains rather than in the meteorites. If so, our interpretation of extinct radioactivities is enlarged. Their detectability is no longer related to the usual criterion that they live long enough for the meteorites to form, but rather that they live long enough for grains to form in the expanding envelope.
Fast fault diagnosis strategy for the main loop of excitation power unit

This paper summarizes the fault type of generator excitation power unit and common fault.Through the simulation of Matlab power unit which is the main circuit fault types,fault spectrum analysis focuses on the quantitative fault feature extraction and fault classification.Then a truth table method for fast fault diagnosis strategy of the main loop of power unit is proposed,and the platform experiment verifies fault categories.The strategy provide the basis for excitation system power unit failure diagnosis.
Experience With Management of Posterior Urethral Injury Associated With Pelvic Fracture

AbstractReview of records from 205 patients with pelvic fracture and hematuria revealed that 121 underwent urologic and radiographic evaluation. Of these patients 20 had severe posterior urethral injuries documented by urethrography or voiding cystourethrography: 9 underwent primary repair and 11 had delayed scrotal-inlay urethroplasty after initial cystostomy alone. Patients who underwent primary repair had a 77 per cent incidence of stricture, a 22 per cent incidence of incontinence and a 33 per cent incidence of impotency. Patients who underwent delayed closure had no incidence of stricture, incontinence or impotence. Patients in both groups had urinary tract infections. Simple cystostomy followed by delayed scrotal-inlay urethroplasty appears superior to primary realignment in the management of patients with posterior urethral injuries.
Solid pancreatic masses: not always adenocarcinoma.

Primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) is a rare disease that comprises 0.5% of pancreatic neoplasms. It is difficult to differentiate PPL from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC). As both conditions have similar clinical presentations and radiologic findings, PPL is frequently misdiagnosed as PC. As PPL is associated with a better prognosis than PC, a timely diagnosis may obviate the need for aggressive surgery (with attendant high morbidity) and may lead to early initiation of targeted therapy.