cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex hormones and mucosal wound healing

Wound healing studies, which have chiefly examined dermal tissues, have reported a female advantage in healing rates. In contrast, our laboratory recently demonstrated women heal mucosal wounds more slowly than men. We hypothesized sex hormones influence wound healing rates, possibly through their modulating effects on inflammation. This study involved 329 younger subjects aged 18-43 (165 women, 164 men) and 93 older subjects aged 50-88 (60 women, 33 men). A 3.5mm diameter wound was created on the hard oral palate and videographed daily to assess wound closure. Blood collected at the time of wounding was used to assess circulating testosterone, progesterone and estradiol levels, and in vitro cytokine production in response to LPS. No strong associations were observed between healing times and estradiol or progesterone levels. However, in younger subjects, lower testosterone levels related to faster wound closure. Conversely, in older women higher testosterone levels related to (1) lower inflammatory responses; and (2) faster healing times. No such relationships were seen in older men, or in women taking oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy [HRT]. Older women (50-54 years) not yet experiencing menopause healed similarly to younger women and dissimilarly from age-matched post-menopausal women. This suggests that the deleterious effects of aging on wound healing occur secondary to the effects of menopause. Supporting this, there was evidence in post-menopausal women that HRT augmented wound closure. Overall, this study suggests that human mucosal healing rates are modulated by testosterone levels. Based upon when between-group differences were observed, testosterone may impact upon the proliferative phase of healing which involves immune processes such as re-epithelialization and angiogenesis.
African Americans and School Leadership: An Introduction

Elementary and secondary education is constantly discussed by the public media and scholars as the best medicine to help America compete effectively in the latest version of economic globalization. This article examines public education in an open political system involving racial, cultural, and ethnically diverse society and argues that such a diverse education should be reflected among school leaders. The author concludes that given this diversity, many African Americans live in single-race communities and attend single-race schools; we need to broaden our theory of leadership to include the views of African American scholars and practitioners and improve leadership preparation programs. The setting for this shift in educational paradigms is more imperative given the ending of the desegregation era. Much of the information can be applied to other racial and ethnic groups but is aimed specifically at African Americans.
Application of representational microarrays to genetic analysis of primary tumours

We have explored using DNA microarrays for measuring gene copy number in cancer biopsies. The high nucleotide complexity of the human genome makes hybridization analysis of the entire genome problematic. Therefore, we have used the approach of making complexity-reducing representations1. Accordingly, the printed probes themselves are derived from simplified representations of the human genome, and are hybridized to representations of tumour and normal DNA. Data from pilot experiments indicate that this method can be used to detect amplifications and deletions in cancer specimens. The theoretical resolving power of these microarrays is on the order of 100 kb with a 30,000-member array, but higher resolving power is not excluded. In contrast to expression array analysis, only minute amounts of starting material (5,000 nuclei) are sufficient for sample preparation. Also, the starting material for analysis is DNA not RNA, which is easier to obtain from surgical specimens. The two methods should work best in concert; that is, combining copy-number analysis with expression analysis for the same tumours, enabling the user to more readily identify the primary defects in cancer cells. Presently we have produced a 2,000-member array that contains fragments of known sequence and mapping location as well as fragments cloned randomly from a representation. The copy number of many of these probes is known in respect to several tumours we have characterized by more conventional methods. Representations from these tumour pairs have been hybridized to these arrays and analysed. By querying the hybridization results we have identified the fragments known to be effected in these tumours. We are now confirming the results of the hybridizations by more accepted techniques. Several obstacles remain to creating a high-density genomic chip, including the assembly of a collection of probes, mapping them and developing the software tools to seamlessly analyse the data. Genomic chips have uses beyond cancer, including detection of polymorphisms in individuals and de novo germline rearrangements.
Binding of (3H)7α,17α-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone (mibolerone) to progesterone receptors: Comparison with binding of (3H)R5020 and (3H)ORG2058

The binding characteristics of (3H)7 alpha,17 alpha-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone [3H)DMNT) to progesterone receptors (PgR) of calf uterine tissue cytosol were determined and compared to those of the synthetic progestins (3H)ORG2058 and (3H)R5020. Scatchard plot analysis of the equilibrium binding data showed that (3H)DMNT binds to calf uterine PgR with a KD of 2.35 +/- 1.1 nM. This value is slightly higher than that of (3H)R5020 (KD = 1.16 +/- 0.4 nM) and (3H)ORG2058 (KD = 1.04 +/- 0.65 nM). Analysis of dissociation kinetics showed that (3H)DMNT dissociates much more rapidly from the receptor than the other two ligands. Competition experiments showed that ORG2058 has a lower inhibition constant (Ki) than DMNT. Sucrose density gradient (SDG) analysis of PgR showed that (3H)ORG2058-PgR complexes sediment as 8S, (3H)R5020-PgR complexes sediment as 8S and 4S, and (3H)DMNT-PgR complexes sediment as 8S entities along with dissociated (3H)steroid. These data suggest that (3H)DMNT binds to PgR with lower affinity than (3H)ORG2058 and (3H)R5020. The number of binding sites detected with (3H)DMNT are significantly lower than those measured with (3H)ORG2058.
Optimization of parameters for particle bombardment of embryogenic suspension cultures of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) using computer image analysis

Tissue derived from embryogenic suspension cultures of cassava was bombarded with microparticles coated with a plasmid containing theuidA gene, which codes forβ-glucuronidase (GUS). After 3 days, the effect of different bombardment parameters was evaluated by comparing the numbers of blue spots that resulted from histological GUS assays. Counting of blue spots was performed using a system comprised of a black and white video camera, a stereoscope and a personal computer. A reproducible counting method was established by optimizing GUS assay conditions, preparation of tissue samples and acquisition of video images in view of attaining the highest possible contrast between the blue spots and the surrounding tissue. The effects of bombardment pressure, microparticle size, number of bombardments, and osmotic pretreatment on GUS expression were investigated. Optimal transient expression of theuidA gene was observed after bombardment at 1100 psi, with a particle size of 1 µm, an osmotic pretreatment and two bombardments per sample. The highest number of blue spots observed was 2400 per square centimeter of bombarded tissue.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 regulates the Wnt/cyclic GMP/Ca2+ non-canonical pathway.

The non-canonical Wnt/cyclic GMP/Ca2+/NF-AT pathway operates via Frizzled-2, a member of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. In scanning for signaling events downstream of the Frizzled-2/Gαt2/PDE6 triad activated in response to Wnt5a, we observed a strong activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 in mouse F9 teratocarcinoma embryonal cells. The activation of p38 is essential for NF-AT transcriptional activation mediated via Frizzled2. Wnt5a-stimulated p38 activation was rapid, sensitive to pertussis toxin, to siRNA against either Gαt2 or p38α, and to the p38 inhibitor SB203580. Real-time analysis of intracellular cyclic GMP using the Cygnet2 biosensor revealed p38 to act at the level of cyclic GMP, upstream of the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging reveals the changes in cyclic GMP in response to Wnt5a predominate about the cell membrane, and likewise sensitive to either siRNA targeting p38 or to treatment with SB203580. Dishevelled is not required for Wnt5a activation of p38; siRNAs targeting Dishevelleds and expression of the Dishevelled antagonist Dapper-1 do not suppress the p38 response to Wnt5a stimulation. These novel results are the first to detail a Dishevelled-independent Wnt response, demonstrating a critical role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 in regulating the Wnt non-canonical pathway.
Anterosuperior Diverticula of the Right Ventricle: Morphological Spectrum and Long-Term Outcome of a Distinct Cardiac Anomaly

Right-ventricular diverticula (RVD), although rare, have particular characteristics. Our study describes the morphology of anterosuperior diverticula of the right ventricle (RV) and patient outcome for this anomaly. Retrospective analysis was performed on all patients with anterosuperior RVD diagnosed in two tertiary referral centres. From January 1982 to December 2012, five patients were diagnosed with anterosuperior RVD (median 4 months). Four patients had perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs) with no clinical symptoms related to RVD. Communication of the RVD with the RV was located either close to the VSD (two patients) or in the anterior free wall of the RV opposite the VSD (two patients). In the remaining patient, the diverticulum was connected with the left ventricle (LV) by a tunnel-like structure originating from the left-ventricular outflow tract; the RVD communicated with the RV by way of a restrictive opening. Four patients underwent surgical repair including patch closure of the VSD (one patient) and patch closure of the VSD through an incision of the RVD followed by plication of the diverticulum or closure of its communication with the RV (three patients). All patients remained asymptomatic during a median follow-up of 14.8 years. Anterosuperior RVD is a specific congenital cardiovascular anomaly frequently associated with additional congenital heart disease. There are significant variations in how the RVD communicates with the RV with each requiring a different surgical repair strategy. According to the experience in our small cohort, the long-term prognosis of patients with anterosuperior RVD appears excellent after surgical correction of associated congenital heart disease.
Averting suicide in terminally ill patients

Abstract Possible reasons why some terminally ill patients develop suicidal tendencies are discussed in this paper. Three such patients are described and the author suggests how, by addressing the patients’ needs to feel an increased sense of mastery over their circumstances, the risk of suicide can be decreased.
Excretion of Specific Urinary Nitrogen Metabolites for Evaluation of Nutritional Treatments

Abstract Sixteen male Holstein calves were assigned to four treatments at 3 days of age. Treatments were whole milk, an all milk protein commercial replacer, a whey protein milk replacer, and a high fat whey protein milk replacer all fed at 10% of body weight. All treatments were isonitrogenous. Chopped wheat straw was fed ad libitum. Calves underwent preputial re-section for collection of urine. Five-day nitrogen balance trials were at 1, 5, 9, and 13 wk. Basic nitrogenous components of urine were separated with an amino acid analyzer. Analysis of body weights and straw intakes by balance period showed no differences. Nitrogen balance was lower for the whey protein and high fat milk replacers than for milk. Nitrogen digested was lower for commercial and whey protein milk replacers than for milk. Nitrogen retained was lower for the commercial, whey protein, and high fat milk replacers than for milk. Nitrogen excretion in urine and feces was greater for the commercial milk replacer treatment. The excretion of ornithine, arginine, lysine, 1-methylhistidine, and 3-methylhistidine was greater in the urine of the commercial and high fat milk replacer groups than in the urine of the milk group. Several ninhydrin positive compounds also were increased. Quantitative measurement of excreted basic nitrogenous compounds in urine may improve the evaluation of nitrogen metabolism in balance experiments.
Inhibition of brain choline acetyltransferase by tetraplatin

Abstract Tetraplatin inhibited choline acetyltransferase (CAT) from rat and bovine brain with I 50 values of 13.5 and 40 μM, respectively. At 0.5 mM concentration, tetraplatin exhibited inhibition of the rat brain enzyme by 89%, whereas cisplatin yielded only 18% inhibition. With bovine CAT, tetraplatin showed noncompetitive inhibition with the substrate choline, K m 337 μM, K i 29 μM, V max 2.83 nmoles acetylcholine formed/min/mg protein, and competitive inhibition with the substrate acetyl-CoA, K m 21 μM, K i 16 μM, V max 3.85 nmoles acetylcholine formed/min/mg protein.
Biochemical responsiveness of a bovine kidney cell line to inorganic mercury.

Mercury compounds are known environmental pollutants. A bovine kidney cell line (MDBK) was used to assess the importance of a variety of biochemical cell functions to mercuric chloride (Hg) cytotoxicity. Mercury concentrations utilized ranged between 1–10 μM and elicited 0–45% cytotoxicity at 24-hr post-exposure. Leucine incorporation into cellular protein decreased in a concentration-dependent manner which paralleled the cytotoxicity. Thymidine incorporation into deoxyribonucleic acid was less sensitive to Hg inhibition. K+-dependent phosphatase (KP), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and acid phosphatase (AP) were monitored in surviving cells 24 hr post-exposure and in a cell-free system. The activity of KP was reduced to 50% of control activity following 24 hr exposure of MDBK cells to Hg. The activities of SDH and AP of treated cultures remained at control levels. Measurement of reduced glutathione after 24-hr treatment indicated a marginal elevation (120–176%). In a cell-free system, KP, SDH and AP were sensitive to Hg to varying degrees; KP and SDH were most sensitive with IC50s of 1 and 10 μM Hg, respectively. The importance of the biochemical changes in relation to the developing cytotoxicity are discussed.
Contrast effects in simultaneous discrimination learning

Pigeons were trained on a form discrimination that alternated across trials with an already-learned color discrimination, which was associated with different probabilities of reinforcement for different groups. The rate of acquisition of the form discrimination varied inversely with the rate of reinforcement for the color discrimination, thus demonstrating a “contrast effect” in simultaneous discrimination learning.
Improvements in lysozyme crystal quality via temperature-controlled growth at low ionic strength

In previous work, large high quality crystals of tetragonal lysozyme were grown using constant supersaturation control (CSC) growth algorithms. Working toward the goal of inducing increased temperature sensitivity in protein crystallization, these results have been extended to low ionic strength systems using salts such as NaSCN and NaNO 3 in lieu of NaCl. Using the combination of calorimetrically-determined growth rate parameters and constant supersaturation temperature control algorithms; large, well formed, single crystals have been grown in NaSCN and NaNO 3 buffer systems. The improvement in quality of these lysozyme crystals upon employing temperature controlled growth is striking. When compared to crystals grown using more traditional methods these crystals are quite large, and show few, or no, obvious defects. Preliminary crystal quality assessment via X-ray diffraction studies are encouraging. A single monoclinic CSC grown crystal had an average signal to noise ratio of 8.4 at a resolution of 1.62 A. In addition, this crystal showed excellent resistance to radiation damage and continued to diffract well after more then 45 h of continuous beam exposure.
Preschool child care and risk of overweight in 6- to 12-year-old children.

To determine if there is a relationship between center-based child care attendance from ages 3 to 5 y and future overweight at ages 6–12 y. Longitudinal, observational study of child experience and future body mass index. A total of 1244 US children aged 6–12 y included in the 1997 Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement. Parent-reported child care attendance from ages 3 to 5 y, trichotomized as ‘none’, ‘limited’ (>0 but 90th percentile, and Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment-Short Form (HOME-SF) cognitive stimulation score. Of the potential confounding variables, race, HOME-SF cognitive stimulation score, and age significantly altered the relationship between child care attendance and overweight in the multiple logistic regression model. With these covariates in the final model, limited center-based child care attendance from ages 3 to 5 y was independently associated with a decreased risk of overweight at ages 6–12 y (adjusted odds ratio=0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.34, 0.93) relative to no child care attendance. Extensive center-based child care attendance was not associated with future overweight. Limited center-based child care attendance during the preschool years was independently associated with a decreased risk of future overweight relative to no child care attendance. Additional studies are needed to clarify these findings.
Ganciclovir treatment of hepatitis B virus infection in liver transplant recipients

To determine the safety and efficacy of ganciclovir treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after liver transplantation, nine patients (seven males, two females; mean age, 38 years) with posttransplant HBV infection were treated with ganciclovir for 3 to 10 months. Ganciclovir was administered intravenously at an initial dose of 5 mg/kg/d and then increased to 10 mg/kg/d. Immunosuppressive drug therapy was maintained at low levels. There were no major side effects of ganciclovir therapy. Serum HBV DNA levels decreased by a mean of 90% (range, 42% to 100%), and four of nine patients had no measurable HBV DNA at the completion of therapy. Mean serum alanine aminotransferase levels decreased by 83%. Hepatic expression of HBV antigens and HBV DNA was assessed before and after therapy in six patients and found to be reduced in three patients. The histology activity index was also stabilized or improved in all patients. After discontinuation of therapy, four of nine patients underwent retreatment for 4- to 12-fold elevation of serum HBV DNA and/or biochemical and clinical relapse, that was severe in one patient. This pilot study shows the safety and efficacy of ganciclovir therapy for reducing HBV replication in patients with HBV infection after liver transplantation.
Measurement and modeling of three-phase saturation-pressure hysteresis

Abstract A published hysteretic saturation-pressure (S-P) model, which predicts fluid distributions before and after subsurface contamination by a nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL), is tested. To accomplish this, two-phase air-water and three-phase air-NAPL-water S-P measurements are conducted in two dissimilar porous media using a specially designed apparatus. Experimental boundary conditions are imposed to investigate hysteretic S-P scanning path behavior. Analysis of the data shows that fluid contents are not a unique function of capillary pressures; they are also a function of saturation path history (i.e. history-dependent movement of fluid interfaces through porous media). Close agreement is found between the experimental measurements and those calculated when the model was calibrated to the data. These resuls suggest that employing nonhysteretic S-P relations in computer codes to predict subsurface fluid distributions are likely to be inaccurate. In this paper the first version of the S-P model and a later amendment are outlined and consolidated.
Malignant lymphoma of peripheral T‐lymphocyte origin. Immunologic, pathologic, and clinical features in six patients

In a continuing study of patients with lymphoproliferative diseases, six adult patients were encountered with a distinctive malignant lymphoma of peripheral T-lymphocyte origin. Cell suspensions from lymph nodes of these patients contained a pleomorphic, cytologically atypical population of lymphocytes, of which an average 58% marked as T cells in the E-rosette test. The average percent of surface immunoglobulin-bearing B cells in these suspensions was 6%; they were of polyclonal distribution. Lymph node biopsies revealed a malignant lymphoma with certain characteristic features of the organization of the infiltrate, the morphology of the lymphoid cells, and the nature of non-lymphoid cellular elements. The average age of the patients was 67 years; they presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, anorexia, and significant loss of weight. Four patients hd lung and/or pleural involvement by lymphoma at presentation. The immunologic, pathologic, and clinical features of these patients serve to characterize this recently recognized malignant lymphoma further.
Possible Ambiguities in Subsurface Temperature Logs: Consideration of Ground-water Flow and Ground Surface Temperature Change

Subsurface temperature regimes can commonly be influenced by both ground-water flow in the saturated zone and ground surface temperature change. Both phenomena are widespread and one or the other may be unnoticed and/or unanticipated in various temperature logs. As a consequence, it is often difficult to determine the relative impact of the two phenomena on the temperature-depth data at a site. A number of models for ground-water flow, ground surface temperature change, and a combination of the two processes, are fitted to two example temperature logs showing characteristic nonlinearity. Examples of the possible impact of one phenomenon on the parameters calculated for the other phenomenon demonstrate the potential interactive influence. The analysis can be used to estimate potential uncertainties in calculations of ground-water flow and ground surface temperature change from subsurface temperature data, and therefore how interpretations of ground-water flow and ground surface warming might be affected. From the analysis presented the relative importance of the two phenomena may be further considered at different locations.
Peripheral administration of α-MSH reduces fever in older and younger rabbits

Abstract In these experiments IV, ICV and intra-gastric administration of α-MSH reduced fever caused by injections of leukocytic pyrogen (LP). 2.5 μg α-MSH injected IV reduced fever caused by IV LP, more so in rabbits over 3 yrs old than in those under 2 yrs of age; 5 mg of acetaminophen given IV had no antipyretic effect in either age group. ICV administration of 25 ng α-MSH reduced fever caused by IV LP injection in the older but not in the younger rabbits. α-MSH given IV (2.5 μg) also lowered fever induced by ICV injection of LP in older but not in younger animals. Both older and younger rabbits showed reductions in fever evoked by IV LP after 2.5 mg α-MSH was given by gastric tube. The results indicate that this peptide which occurs naturally within the brain has potent antipyretic properties when given systemically, presumably as a result of a central antipyretic action. Greater sensitivity to central α-MSH in the older rabbits may account for the reduced febrile response seen in the aged. The findings support previous data which suggest that central α-MSH has a physiological role in the limitation of fever.
An undergraduate experimental UAV payload project to teach problem solving and project lifecycle skills

The ability to do advanced research can be nurtured through the development of problem solving skills at the undergraduate level. As with any information technology project, IT research is most often done in teams. This paper describes an undergraduate team-based project to build and integrate the payload for an uninhabited aerial vehicle (UAV). The class mission was to survey a mock disaster area and to acquire photos, video, and GPS tracking data to aid in recovery efforts. Freeware tools and a Linux processor were used to keep costs low. The UAV platform was a radio controlled helicopter. Teams were tasked with quality control, documentation, and public relations to simulate a real IT development project. A "wiki" type website was used to aid in project management and documentation. A project of this nature can be incorporated into any project management class to teach project lifecycle principles and should serve to prepare students for more advanced research projects.
The effects of avian leukosis virus subgroup J on broiler chicken performance and response to vaccination.

Abstract The effects of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection on meat-type chickens reared in a simulated commercial setting were evaluated. Each of three ALV-J isolates was evaluated with both simulated horizontal transmission (SHT) and simulated vertical transmission (SVT). Mortality, morbidity, disease condemnations, and feed conversions were increased and body weights at processing were decreased in ALV-J infected birds as compared to sham inoculated hatch mates. The adverse effects of ALV-J infection were more severe in birds exposed by SVT than in birds exposed by SHT. At 8 weeks of age response to vaccination for infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus or prior exposure to a pathogenic reovirus was assessed in the ALV-J and sham inoculated broiler chickens by challenge studies. Although not statistically significant, an overall trend of decreased protection to challenge after vaccination, or prior exposure, was observed in the ALV-J inoculates as compared to sham inocula...
Charm, beauty and charmonium production at HERA-B

is a fixed target experiment working on the 920 GeV proton beam of the HERA accelerator at the DESY laboratory in Hamburg. During the last data taking period (2002-2003), about 150 million dilepton triggers, 220 million minimum bias events and 35 million hard photon triggers were acquired. These large statistics allow detailed studies on the production of charmonium states in proton-nucleus p-A collisions, which extend for the first time into the negative Feynman-x () region. Measurements of the inclusive , $\Upsilon$ and open charm cross sections are also ongoing. After a brief discussion of the detector and of the data samples, we report on preliminary results obtained on these physics topics.
Modeling of ferrite formation in a duplex stainless steel weld considering non-uniform starting microstructure

Abstract A one-dimensional numerical diffusion model has been developed to simulate the kinetics of the austenite (γ) to ferrite (δ) transformation in 2205 duplex stainless steel during welding. In this model, it is assumed that the transformation is driven by the diffusion of nitrogen under para-equilibrium conditions. Transformation kinetics from both uniform and non-uniform starting microstructures are investigated. The uniform starting structure is accounted for by using a pair of γ and δ grains of constant sizes, whereas non-uniform structures are simulated by considering four γ and δ grains of varying sizes. Interactions between neighboring grains, particularly hard and soft impingements, are taken into account by properly adjusting the boundary conditions. It is found that the transformation may take 30% more time for the non-uniform starting microstructure, where the ratio of thickest to thinnest grains is about 2, than for the uniform structure under typical weld heating conditions. Time–temperature-transformation and continuous-heating-transformation diagrams are constructed using the numerical diffusion model, providing a graphical means for predicting the kinetics of the γ → δ transformation. The computed results were confirmed by experiments using an in-situ X-ray diffraction technique, thus validating the model.
Donor-specific antigen and cyclosporine in rat islet allografts

Abstract Combination therapy with one dose of 3 M KCl extracted donor-soluble antigen (Ag) and a short course of cyclosporine (CsA) has proven to prolong the survival of kidney allografts by enhancing specific T-suppressor populations. This regimen is tested in rat islet allografts in this study (Lewis to ACI). A 3-day perioperative course of 10 mg/kg/day CsA on Days −1, 0, and 1 did not prolong graft survival (MST = 10.7 ± 2.5 days vs 9.4 ± 1.2 days in controls). When this course of CsA therapy was combined with a single dose of donor antigen on Day −1, the survival time was prolonged slightly but significantly (MST = 14.0 ± 5.8 days). Three cycles of a 3-day course of CsA therapy at 7-day intervals, a total of nine doses of 10 mg/kg/day CsA, were effective in delaying rejection of islet allografts (MST = 26.4 ± 30.3). Moreover, combined therapy with donor antigen and three cycles of a 3-day course of CsA prolonged the survival of islet allografts (MST = 57.7 ± 51.4 days) with 50% of recipients still normoglycemic at 60 days after transplantation. These findings indicate that the combination therapy of donor antigen with a short course of CsA has a powerful effect to prevent the rejection of islet allografts, as shown in kidney allografts, in rats.
Freirean-Based Critical Pedagogy: The Challenges of Limit-Situations and Critical Transitivity

For many, Paulo Freire is alluring, demanding and difficult. Yet, for others, Freire is maddening. He is certainly not without his critics. Critics included, few would doubt that Freire’s work is indispensable to an understanding of critical pedagogy. Though not the first or the last, Freire links together our existential situations in life with conditions of consciousness and provides a possible explanation for how both become what they are—education. This linkage is, as this article argues, necessary for creating and enacting a critical pedagogy of one’s own. The purpose of this article, then, is to provide a conceptual framework to help others think through an understanding and enacting of a Freirean-based critical pedagogy. The framework as we conceive of it is an axis-like framework mined from a few of Freire’s foundational texts and is comprised of two poles—limit-situations, critical transitivity—and is connected by the axis, or the conduit, of education.
Mitotic Activity in Human Lymphocyte Cultures as a Measure of Cytotoxicity

We have examined the feasibility of using the mitotic activity of human lymphocytes in vitro as an index for determining cytotoxicity. Untreated replicate cultures agreed closely in mitotic index if the initial cell inoculum was in the range of 0.6 to 1.0×106 cells/ml of culture medium. Smaller size inocula led to erratic results in mitotic index and low mitotic indices. Microcultures, made with two drops of whole blood, yielded mitotic indices lower than was convenient to use in testing for cytotoxicity, although replicate cultures showed good agreement in mitotic activity. Mitotic indices varied between donors but also varied in the same donor when blood was drawn on different days. Several chemical agents were used to test the sensitivity of the system to inhibition over a 24 hour period. Mitomycin C completely inhibited mitosis in the concentrations used (1.0 and 0.1μgm/ml), bacitracin did the same in high concentration (500 units/ml) but lower concentrations were less inhibitory. Fluorouracil and fluorodeoxyuridine inhibited growth 60 or 70% during 24 or 6 hour periods of treatment but did not inhibit at all during the last three hours of growth. The late-S or G2 phase of the lymphocyte cell cycle are insensitive to mitotic inhibition with either FU or FUdR. The mitotic activity of lymphocyte cultures has been found to be a suitable criterion, if judiciously employed, to study cytotoxicity and to measure events in the cell cycle that serve as prerequisite for mitosis.
High Resolution Gamma-Ray Telescopes And Medical Imagers Using Scintillating Fibers And Position Sensitive Photomultipliers

Recently developed high photon yielding fibers that are coupled to position sensitive photomultipliers provide good angular precision and good energy resolution in detecting gamma-rays. The UTD/UCLA High Resolution Gamma Ray Telescope consists of a scintillating plastic fiber Compton or Pair-Production Converter, a time projection gas chamber and scintillating fiber calorimeter. The calorimeter is designed to cover 7c-ray energies from 1 MeV to > 20 GeV. The space-based telescope will be used for detecting i-rays from point-like astrophysical sources and diffused cosmic 1-rays. We present here the description of the telescope, and some preliminary results from a prototype Compton converter.
Subcategorization in register vector grammar

Subcategorization enables each word to determine what type of complements it can take. For example, put takes an object plus a locative phrase; one can say I put the cat on my lap but not I put the cat nor I put on my lap. Subcategorization often involves discontinuous constraints (e.g., put and on my lap are discontinuous), which complicates overly sequential syntactic formalisms such as phrase structure rules or transition diagrams. Register Vector Grammar (RVG) is a formalism designed to model discontinuous constraints efficiently. By avoiding redundancy in the number of categories or rules, it keeps grammar size small. By insisting on fixed, finite resources for non-detenninism, it processes sentences in linear time. We haved extended RVG so that it represents subcategories in a manner that, rather than increase computational complexity, actually improves the performance of grammars.
Brief Supervision of integral-input-to-state stabilizing controllers

The subject of this paper is hybrid control of nonlinear systems with large-scale uncertainty. We describe a high-level controller, called a ''supervisor'', which orchestrates logic-based switching among a family of candidate controllers. We show that in this framework, the problem of controller design at the lower level can be reduced to finding an integral-input-to-state stabilizing control law for an appropriate system with disturbance inputs. Employing the recently introduced ''scale-independent hysteresis'' switching logic, we prove that in the case of purely parametric uncertainty with unknown parameters taking values in a finite set the switching terminates in finite time and state regulation is achieved.
Pseudomediation effects with no intertrial intervals

Employing four paired-associate transfer paradigms, (A-B, B-C, A-E; A-B, D-C, A-E; A-B, B-E, A-E; A-B, D-E, A-E), an attempt was made to replicate Handler & Earhard’s pseudomediation study with group B-E serving as a control for possible mediational effects. Stage III results supported the pseudomediation hypothesis and no additional significant effects were attributable to mediation factors. However, differences between groups in degree of A-B unlearning were not found.
Rudy and the Hallucination of “Culture” in James Joyce's ULYSSES

In Ulysses, Leopold Bloom continues to mourn the loss of his son, Rudy, years after his death. The memory of Rudy haunts Bloom's thoughts to the extent that even after reading a letter from his sti...
Plant cell range for attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to tissue culture cells

Abstract Agrobacterium tumefaciens attached to tissue culture cells of the dicotyledons carrot, tobacco, Bryophyllum daigremontianum, Vinca rosea and soybean. With the exception of soybean all of these plants responded to infection with A. tumefaciens in vivo by the formation of tumors. Fewer bacteria attached to tissue culture cells of the monocotyledon oat and corn, than to dicotyledon cells. Inoculation of these monocotyledons with A. tumefaciens did not induce tumors. Carrot embryos in tissue culture also bound fewer A. tumefaciens than did callus cells and the bacteria did not induce tumors on germinating carrot embryonic axes. Thus, in general, the range of attachment of A. tumefaciens to tissue culture cells in vitro parallels the host range for tumor formation by A. tumefaciens in vivo . This suggests that the availability of a reasonable number of accessible bacterial binding sites on the plant cell surface may be one important factor in determining the host range of the bacterium.
Structure and control of pyridoxal phosphate dependent allosteric threonine deaminase

Abstract Background: Feedback inhibition of biosynthetic threonine deaminase (TD) from Escherichia coli provided one of the earliest examples of protein-based metabolic regulation. Isoleucine, the pathway end-product, and valine, the product of a parallel pathway, serve as allosteric inhibitor and activator, respectively. This enzyme is thus a useful model system for studying the structural basis of allosteric control mechanisms. Results: We report the crystal structure of TD at 2.8 a resolution. The tetramer has 222 symmetry, with C-terminal regulatory domains projecting out from a core of catalytic PLP-containing N-terminal domains. The subunits, and especially the regulatory domains, associate extensively to form dimers, which associate less extensively to form the tetramer. Within the dimer, each monomer twists approximately 150° around a thin neck between the domains to place its catalytic domain adjacent to the regulatory domain of the other subunit. Conclusions: The structure of TD and its comparison with related structures and other data lead to the tentative identification of the regulatory binding site and revealed several implications for the allosteric mechanism. This work prepares the way for detailed structure/function studies of the complex allosteric behaviour of this enzyme.
Plasma sources for electrons and ion beams

Plasma devices are commonly used for the production of ion beams. It has been demonstrated that the multicusp generator can produce very low energy ion beams for ion projection lithography applications. The multicusp source has also found important applications in focused ion beam systems. With its high and uniform plasma density, attempts have been made to extract high brightness electron beams from this type of plasma source, making it also useful for electron beam lithography applications.
Evaluation of a Word Recognition Instrument to Test Health Literacy in Dentistry: The REALD‐99

Objective: This study aims to evaluate a dental health literacy word recognition instrument. Methods: Based on a reading recognition test used in medicine, the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM), we developed the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (REALD-99). Parents of pediatric dental patients were recruited from local dental clinics and asked to read aloud words in both REALM and REALD-99. REALD-99 scores had a possible range of 0 (low literacy) to 99 (high literacy); REALM scores ranged from 0 to 66. Outcome measures included parents’ perceived oral health for themselves and of their children, and oral health-related quality of life of the parent as measured by the short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). To determine the validity, we tested bivariate correlations between REALM and REALD-99, REALM and perceived dental outcomes, and REALD-99 and perceived dental outcomes. We used ordinary least squares regression and logit models to further examine the relationship between REALD-99 and dental outcomes. We determined internal reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: One hundred two parents of children were interviewed. The average REALD-99 and REALM-66 scores were high (84 and 62, respectively). REALD-99 was positively correlated with REALM (PCC=0.80). REALM was not related to dental outcomes. REALD-99 was associated with parents’ OHIP-14 score in multivariate analysis. REALD-99 had good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha=0.86). Conclusions: REALD-99 has promise for measuring dental health literacy because it demonstrated good reliability and is quick and easy to administer. Additional studies are needed to examine the validity of REALD-99 using objective clinical oral health measures and more proximal outcomes such as behavior and compliance to specific health instructions.
Comparative study of shelf-life of frankfurters containing plant protein additives.

Soy flour (SF), soy concentrate (SC), soy isolate (SI) and corn germ protein flour (CGPF) were incorporated in frankfurters. The sensory analysis, chemical, and microbiological tests were conducted to investigate the effect of plant proteins on stability during vacuum-packaged storage. No significant difference in meaty aroma was found between all samples after 45 days storage. Atypical flavor and aroma of all samples, including the all-meat control increased (P < 0.05) after 45 days storage. A tendency was found of increase in atypical aroma and flavor with increase in total volatile nitrogen values and total psychrophiles during storage. Salty flavor increased with storage time in experimental samples, but juiciness decreased. Samples containing SF and SC had higher total volatile nitrogen than SI and CGPF containing samples at 2, 30 and 45 days of storage. No significant differences were found in TBA values between tested samples, except higher TBA values for SI containing samples. There was no significant difference among samples in total psychrophilic counts.
OSTEOPOROSIS AND THE RISK OF HIP FRACTURE

The incidence of cervical and intertrochanteric proximal femur fractures at various levels of cervical and intertrochanteric bone mineral density, respectively, was estimated by using population-based data from ongoing studies of osteoporosis and fractures among women residing in Rochester, Minnesota. Hip fractures were uncommon among women with femoral bone density greater than or equal to 1.0 g/cm2, but their frequency increased as bone density declined below that point at both femoral sites. The incidence of cervical femur fractures was estimated at 8.3 per 1,000 person-years among women with cervical bone density less than 0.6 g/cm2, while the estimated incidence of intertrochanteric femur fractures reached 16.6 per 1,000 person-years among those with intertrochanteric bone density less than 0.6 g/cm2. This new approach to the assessment of fracture risk from bone mineral density measurements indicates that osteoporosis is an important underlying cause of hip fractures.
MINIMUM OPENING SIZES FOR CANOPY RECRUITMENT OF MIDTOLERANT TREE SPECIES: A RETROSPECTIVE APPROACH

Minimum opening sizes and time required for successful canopy recruitment of tree saplings are not well known because the gap capture process is slow and difficult to monitor. In this study, we investigated canopy recruitment in harvest openings created by group selection in hemlock–hardwood forests to determine if yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), a species with intermediate shade tolerance, could successfully reach the canopy via small openings. We measured gap trees in openings ranging from 40 to 1000 m2 and up to 55 years old. Sample trees up to 25 m tall, spanning all stages of the gap capture process, were destructively sampled to determine height–growth rates, total age, and size at time of gap formation. Results indicate that yellow birch comprised >40% of the upper stratum of gap saplings in openings as small as 100–400 m2. The ultimately successful hardwood gap trees, on average, reached crown shoulder height of the mature gap border trees (73% of total canopy height) within 28–37 yea...
Assessment of global and regional left ventricular function in ischemic heart disease using ultrafast computed tomography.

Contrast-enhanced ultrafast computed tomography (CT) of the left ventricle was done in the long axis and short axis within one day of cardiac catheterization in 14 males with ischemic heart disease and a mean age of 58 years. Imaging was R wave-triggered at 58-msec intervals (13/level). Left ventriculography was performed in 30 degrees right anterior oblique (RAO) and 60 degrees left anterior oblique (LAO) caudal 12 degrees. CT left ventricular ejection fraction was measured using a modified Simpson's reconstruction of end-systolic and end-diastolic slices. Catheterization left ventricular ejection fraction was measured by area-length method. Six left ventricular segments (septal, apex, anterior, lateral, inferior, and posterior) were scored by different paired observers as follows: dyskinesis (-1), akinesis (0), moderate-severe hypokinesis (1), mild hypokinesis (2), and normal (3). Correlations of left ventricular ejection fraction for catheterization vs. long-axis CT and short-axis CT were r = .83 and r = .86, respectively. Seven of eight patients with transmural myocardial infarction were identified on CT by akinetic/dyskinetic segments. Eighty-four segments were scored. There was agreement (normal vs. abnormal) in 76 (90%). CT detected 47 normal segments vs. 51 by catheterization (92%), 11 akinetic/dyskinetic segments (92%), and 14 hypokinetic segments vs. 21 (67%). Wall motion scores between CT and catheterization differed by greater than 1 in 6 of 84 segments (7%). Therefore, ultrafast CT can accurately assess global and regional left ventricular function.
Application of a Genetic Algorithm to Policy Planning: The Case of Solid Waste:

A genetic algorithm (GA) approach to solid-waste policy planning is introduced, The GA is implemented as part of the policy design phase of planning, An evaluative tool is then used for comparative analysis of proposed plans prior to final selection and implementation of a solid-waste policy by decisionmakers. The complex multidimensional nature of solid-waste systems suggests that the GA approach may be particularly useful for solid-waste policy planning because GAs have been shown to be robust search techniques for highly dimensional, multimodal problems.
Cues to Deception in Online Chinese Groups

Advancing our knowledge about cues to deception is crucial to successful deception detection. A lengthy list of cues to deception has been identified via a myriad of deception studies. Nonetheless, we identified two major limitations of existing cues to deception: the lack of cues in computer-mediated communication and in non-Western group communication. In this research, we aim to make some contributions to addressing this line of inquiry. We conducted an empirical study on cues to deception using a large real-world online Chinese community. Through hypotheses testing, we observed a number of interesting findings. For example, we found that deceivers tended to communicate less and showed low complexity and high diversity in their messages. These findings provide significant implications to deception research and the broad online communication community.
A Design to Improve Internal Validity of Assessments of Teaching Demonstrations

Internal validity is important in assessing teaching demonstrations both for one's knowledge and for quality assessment demanded by outside sources. We describe a method to improve the internal validity of assessments of teaching demonstrations: a 1-group pretest–posttest design with alternative forms. This design is often more practical and ethical than random assignment, and it is more valid than a single posttest-only or simple 1-group pretest–posttest design. We describe how to interpret results from this design and discuss the advantages and disadvantages.