cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Doing "neat stuff"

"How come you get to do such neat stuff?" I'm constantly being asked. I like to think it is because I am passionate about learning and because my day-to-day activities are focused on pursuing that passion and imparting it to my students. But it wasn't always that way and it took some effort...
It's not just programming: reflection and the nature of experience in learning through design

When students with varying levels of expertise collaborate on computer-based design projects, different roles for experienced and inexperienced designers often emerge. The goal of this study was to determine if students with different levels of experience, knowledge, and skill in learning through design are aware of these differences; and also if they are aware of how this variation affects their collaborative interactions. Toward this end, sixty-two fourth and fifth-grade designers with varying levels of expertise in design and programming were interviewed following their participation in a 10-week learning through design project. Students were asked to identify differences between experienced and inexperienced designers. Their responses were classified via an emergent coding scheme. Results showed that students were aware of differences not only in requisite skills, but also how these skills contributed to collaborative interactions. Students cited knowledge and interaction differences in relation to visible skills like programming more often than other meta-design skills, such as planning and project monitoring.
Vitamin adeficiency and keratin biosynthesis in cultured hamster trachea

Tracheas from vitamin A-deficient hamsters in organ culture in vitamin A-free medium developed squamous metaplasia. Addition of retinyl acetate to the medium prevented squamous metaplasia and a mucociliary epithelium was maintained. Indirect immunofluorescent staining with antikeratin antibodies AE1 and AE3 indicated positive reactions with epithelium of tracheas either cultured in vitamin A-free or retinyl acetate (RAc)-containing medium. The “stratum corneum”-like squames in metaplastic tracheas were strongly stained by AE3.
The long-run relationship between productivity and capital

Abstract Using panel cointegration techniques, we show a cointegrating relationship exists between capital and productivity in 446 manufacturing industries. Panel DOLS and FMOLS estimates reveal that innovations to productivity increase and Granger cause capital movements.
Panaeolus subfirmus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), a species new for Poland

Panaeolus subfirmus P. Karst. is reported for the first time from Poland, and described and illustrated based on Polish specimens. Its ecology, general distribution and taxonomy are also presented. A key for determination all Polish species of Panaeolus (Fr.) Quel. is provided.
Tumour-suppressor function in the nervous system

Tumour suppressors prevent cancer by regulating processes such as cell proliferation and survival. However, their functions are diverse, and are often related to the cell type and tissue context. Mutations of tumour-suppressor genes result in unique outcomes in the nervous system that contrast with their roles in other organs. This is closely related to the cell types in which mutations occur and the developmental stage of the tissues that are affected. How can studying the tissue-specific functions of tumour suppressors in the nervous system help us to understand signalling pathways that are relevant to cancer and what are the therapeutic implications of this?
A prospective open-label trial of quetiapine monotherapy in preschool and school age children with bipolar spectrum disorder

Abstract Background Although bipolar disorder frequently onsets in the preschool years, treatment studies to guide management of these highly dysfunctional children are limited. This study evaluates the response to quetiapine monotherapy in preschool and school age children with bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD). Method Two eight-week, prospective, open-label trials utilizing identical methodology to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of quetiapine monotherapy in the treatment of BSD in preschool (age 4–6 years) and school age children (age 6–15 years). Results Forty-nine children (30 preschool and 19 school age) with BSD (Young Mania Rating Scale [YMRS] at entry: 34.5 ± 5.5 and 30 ± 6.5 respectively) were enrolled and 34 (20 preschool and 14 school age) completed the trial. Quetiapine was titrated to a mean endpoint dose of 175.8 ± 63.8 mg/day in preschool and 248.7 ± 153.1 mg/day in school age children. At endpoint, treatment with quetiapine was associated with similar and statistically significant improvement in mean YMRS scores in preschool (− 14.5 ± 11.5, p Limitations As an uncontrolled study, the assessments were not blind to treatment and the effects of treatment cannot be separated from time. Conclusions Open-label quetiapine treatment was beneficial for the treatment of BSD in preschool and school age children. Further controlled trials are warranted.
Radical mastectomy in the treatment of breast cancer a follow‐up study over ten and fifteen years

Four hundred and two radical mastectomies have been followed up over a minimum period of 10 years. Postoperative radiotherapy was used only in cases with histologically proved glandular metastasis. The operation mortality was 1.5 per cent; crude survival rate, 44.8 per cent; deaths from other causes, 8.5 per cent; and cancer recurrence rate, 45 per cent. A 15-year follow-up of patients treated before 1955 has shown a further 5.6 per cent of late recurrences. Local recurrence, apart from generalized metastasis, has proved extremely rare in this series.
P C Based Synthetic Scene Generation

A true perspective scene generation program has been developed along with supporting interactive geometry selection routines for a IBM/COMPAQ personal computer. The system is integrated with ERDAS image processing software so that an entire visual analysis project from database development to product generation may be performed on the PC system.
THE HEXOSEMONOPHOSPHATE PATHWAY AND ITS VARIATION IN THE INTERMOLT CYCLE IN CRAYFISH.

Abstract 1. 1. Through the use of the inhibitor 5-bromouracil, respirometric measurements, and nucleotide reductions the hexosemonophosphate shunt (HMS) is shown to be active in the hepatopancreas of the crayfish O. virilis during intermolt cycle stage C. The activity of this metabolic pathway was greatest at stage C3–4 and declined to zero in the later premolt stages. Loss of sensitivity to a pentose shunt inhibitor after eyestalk removal points to the regulation of metabolic routes by eyestalk principles. 2. 2. The amount of glucose-6-phosphate which travels via the HMS in tissue from intermolt animals, as evaluated from utilization of 6-PG by the same tissue, is estimated to be approximately 10 per cent of the available substrate. 3. 3. By measuring triphosphopyridinenucleotide reduction it was shown that there is greater activity in an “incomplete carbohydrate cycle” in tissue from intermolt animals than in that of premolt animals. It is suggested that increased activity of this cycle, with an accompanying decrease in oxygen consumption during intermolt, may provide a biochemical basis for the increase in protein and lipid synthesis which occurs at this time.
Neurogenesis may relate to some but not all types of hippocampal-dependent learning.

The hippocampal formation generates new neurons throughout adulthood. Recent studies indicate that these cells possess the morphology and physiological properties of more established neurons. However, the function of adult generated neurons is still a matter of debate. We previously demonstrated that certain forms of associative learning can enhance the survival of new neurons and a reduction in neurogenesis coincides with impaired learning of the hippocampal-dependent task of trace eyeblink conditioning. Using the toxin methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) for proliferating cells, we tested whether reduction of neurogenesis affected learning and performance associated with different hippocampal dependent tasks: spatial navigation learning in a Morris water maze, fear responses to context and an explicit cue after training with a trace fear paradigm. We also examined exploratory behavior in an elevated plus maze. Rats were injected with MAM (7 mg/kg) or saline for 14 days, concurrent with BrdU, to label new neurons on days 10, 12, and 14. After treatment, groups of rats were tested in the various tasks. A significant reduction in new neurons in the adult hippocampus was associated with impaired performance in some tasks, but not with others. Specifically, treatment with the antimitotic agent reduced the amount of fear acquired after exposure to a trace fear conditioning paradigm but did not affect contextual fear conditioning or spatial navigation learning in the Morris water maze. Nor did MAM treatment affect exploration in the elevated plus maze. These results combined with previous ones suggest that neurogenesis may be associated with the formation of some but not all types of hippocampal-dependent memories. Hippocampus 2002;12:578–584. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Physical Characteristics of DVD-RW Disc

We describe the results of the simulation and the examination and the basic physical characteristics of DVD-RW disc adopting two-depth substrate to deal with read only data on the rewritable material. This feature is required to make the copyright protection and management possible at the same time. Moreover, it will be able to realize the higher compatibility with legacy DVD-players and drives already in the market.
An examination of efficacy and esteem pathways to depression in young adulthood.

Models of self-efficacy and self-esteem pathways to depression were examined in 405 college students. Both models showed excellent fit to the data. The more parsimonious model indicated that efficacy and esteem variables were related to depressive symptoms indirectly through their relationships to the intermediate adjustment variables of career indecision and shyness. Career indecision and shyness were, in turn, directly related to depressive symptoms, although these relationships were small. The strongest predictor of depressive symptoms was global self-esteem. For men and women, respectively, the model accounted for 61% and 64% of the variance in shyness, 28% and 37% of the variance in career indecision, and 41% and 48% of the variance in depressive symptoms. The data thus suggest the importance of both cognitive (efficacy) and affective (esteem) aspects of self-appraisal.
Influence of energetic-driven “Taylor-Wave” shock-wave prestraining on the structure/property response of depleted uranium

The influence of shock prestraining, via direct energetic "Taylor-wave" (triangular wave) loading, on the post-shock structure/property behavior of depleted uranium (DU) was studied. Samples were shock prestrained within a "soft" shock recovery fixture composed of momemtum traps and a spall plate to assure 1-dimensional loading. The DU samples exhibit roughly a 30% increase in yield strength following shock prestraining to ∼45 GPa. The texture evolution in DU was quantified using electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Detailed quantification of the substructure evolution following shock prestraining revealed high volume fractions of {130), '{172}', and {112) deformation twins. The volume fraction of (130) twins was found to be ∼10x the volume fraction of '{172}' and {112} twins. Details of the twin system activation and volume fraction relative to the local Schmidt factor within grains are presented. The influence of HE-driven shock prestraining on the structure/property response of DU is compared and contrasted to that seen in 304SS and 316SS subjected to "Taylor-wave" shock prestraining.
HIV creates an immunologic black hole

Comment on Zhang et al, page [1989][1] In this issue, Zhang and colleagues describe a subversive molecular pathway through which the HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) may limit the immune response by suppressing the expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L, also called CD154) on CD4+ T cells, thereby
Optimization of CNDO for molecular orbital calculation on silicates

The use of approximate molecular orbital (MO) calculations [particularly complete neglect of differential overlap (CNDO)] as a tool in understanding chemical bonding in silicates is investigated. This requires first a detailed analysis of the parametrization employed by the CNDO theory when third row atoms are involved. The accuracy of the CNDO calculations is tested by calculations on the equilibrium bond lengths, orbital energies, and bond stretching force constants of simple third row molecules, for which we have experimental data and/or ab initio results. The effects of an optimization of the parameters in the theory on the calculated properties are then analyzed. The theory is subsequently applied to a sequence of silicate prototypes: silicic acid, H4SiO4, disiloxane, (SiH3) - O - (SiH3), and disilicic acid, (SiO3H3) - O - (SiO3H3). With proper tuning of the parameters, the CNDO method can be useful in further elucidating the details of the bonding in silicates.
OH Radical-Initiated Chemistry of Isoprene in Aqueous Media. Atmospheric Implications

The fate of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, ISO) emissions into the atmosphere is not fully understood. Increasing awareness that ISO is only partially processed in the gas-phase has turned attention to its reactive uptake by fog, cloud, and aerosol droplets. A hydrophobic gas, ISO would preferentially partition to the surface rather than the bulk of aqueous media. Such media normally contain dissolved O_2 and water-soluble unsaturated organics and support •OH generation rates (from the solar photolysis of dissolved H_(2)O_2) that are several orders of magnitude larger than in the gas-phase. Thus, ISO should be converted therein to heavier products rather than into the C_4–C_5 volatile compounds produced in the gas-phase. Here we substantiate such a scenario by reporting that the λ > 305 nm photolysis of H_(2)O_2 in dilute aqueous ISO solutions yields C_(10)H_(15)OH species as primary products, whose formation both requires and is inhibited by O_2. A minimum of seven C_(10)H_(15)OH isomers are resolved by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and detected as MH^+ (m/z = 153) and MH^(+)-18 (m/z = 135) signals by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Our findings are consistent with the addition of •OH to ISO, followed by HO-ISO• reactions with ISO in competition with O_2, leading to second generation HO(ISO)_2• radicals that terminate as C_(10)H_(15)OH via β-H abstraction by O_2. We show that a significant fraction of gas-phase olefins should be converted into less volatile species via this process on wet airborne particles.
Structures and Energetics Study of Tetrathiafulvalene-Based Donors of Organic Superconductors

The donors of the best organic superconductors are all based on organic donor molecules (X) containing a core of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) or a Se-substituted derivative. In this paper, we present ab initio quantum mechanical calculations (HF, MP2, and DFT using the 6-31G** basis) for the optimized structures and other properties of TTF-based organic donors X and X+. We find that X+ is planar but that X deforms to a boat structure. The cases in which the boat is most stabilized with respect to the planar conformation are observed to be superconductors.
A globally convergent numerical method for coefficient inverse problems for thermal tomography

In our terminology ‘globally convergent numerical method’ means a numerical method, whose convergence to a good approximation for the correct solution is independent of the initial approximation. A new numerical imaging algorithm has been proposed to solve a coefficient inverse problem for an elliptic equation with the data generated by computer simulation. A rigorous convergence analysis shows that this method converges globally. A heuristic approach for approximating the ‘new tail-function’, which is a crucial part (assuming the smallness of the tail-function) of our problem, has been utilized and verified in numerical experiments, so as the global convergence. Applications to both optical and thermal tomography are discussed. Numerical experiments in the 2D thermal property reconstruction are presented.
The ear region of the marsupial sabertooth, Thylacosmilus: Influence of the sabertooth lifestyle upon it, and convergence with placental sabertooths.

The mastoid auditory bulla of the extinct marsupial sabertooth, Thylacosmilus, has an enlarged, complex hypotympanic sinus but lacks an alisphenoid contribution. These are marked departures from the usual marsupial condition. Details of the ear region of Thylacosmilus are compared with those of the convergent, extinct placental sabertooth, Smilodon, and each is compared with less specialized related forms to define differences and similarities of the evolutionary paths that led to the striking overall convergence. Functional factors such as pressure transformer ratio (PTR), impedance transformer ratio (ITR), acoustic impedence at the eardrum, and the fraction of the sound energy theoretically transmitted to the inner ear cannot be estimated for Thylacosmilus because certain critical measures are still unknown (tympanum size, ossicle lever arm ratios). However, in both sabertooths enlarged complex hypotympanic sinuses, characterized by expansions and contractions, are greatly developed. They vastly increase middle ear space (volume) and must have influenced these factors. In both, the sinuses provide the large air volume needed to prevent excessive damping of sound energy transmission (Hunt and Korth, '80), and both are believed to have achieved a further modulation of the system from the cushioning or “pillow” effect of the confined air as it directly damps the tympanum itself. Thylacosmilus has still another feature that may have given greater control over damping of sound energy transmission: the direct opening (probably membrane covered) of one of the sinus cavities into the side of the meatal tube. In this feature, as in others noted earlier (Turnbull, '76, '78), we see a greater degree of specialization in this marsupial sabertooth than in a placental counterpart.
Heparan sulfate increases survival during gut-derived sepsis by decreasing bacterial translocation and enhancing host defense.

The effect of heparan sulfate (HS) on survival rate, bacterial translocation, and host defense was studied in a model of gut-derived sepsis that included transfusion-induced immunosuppression. Balb/c mice were treated pre- and postburn injury and bacterial challenge with HS, 5 mg/kg/day, or sterile phosphate-buffered saline. The HS pre- and postburn treated animals showed a significant improvement in survival compared to control animals (80 vs. 30%, p = .004, and 60 vs. 20%, p = .02, respectively). A lower amount of translocation was observed in the spleen (p < or = .001) of the HS group compared to control group. Quantitative colony counts and the calculated percentage of viable bacteria showed that the ability to kill translocated organisms was enhanced in all tissues of the animals receiving HS. These data suggest that treatment with HS positively affects the outcome in gut-derived sepsis. The beneficial effect was related both to an improved gut barrier function and to an enhanced host defense.
An alternative branch of the nonsense-mediated decay pathway

The T-cell receptor (TCR) locus undergoes programmed rearrangements that frequently generate premature termination codons (PTCs). The PTC-bearing transcripts derived from such nonproductively rearranged genes are dramatically downregulated by the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway. Here, we show that depletion of the NMD factor UPF3b does not impair TCRβ NMD, thereby distinguishing it from classical NMD. Depletion of the related factor UPF3a, by itself or in combination with UPF3b, also has no effect on TCRβ NMD. Mapping experiments revealed the identity of TCRβ sequences that elicit a switch to UPF3b dependence. This regulation is not a peculiarity of TCRβ, as we identified many wild-type genes, including one essential for NMD, that transcribe NMD-targeted mRNAs whose downregulation is little or not affected by UPF3a and UPF3b depletion. We propose that we have uncovered an alternative branch of the NMD pathway that not only degrades aberrant mRNAs but also regulates normal mRNAs, including one that participates in a negative feedback loop controlling the magnitude of NMD.
Characterization of wave propagation through rain at sub-terahertz frequencies

The fact that millimeter-wave radars can be designed to be compact in size and light in weight, while at the same time be broadband and narrow beam systems, have led to a proliferation of these radars over a wide range of applications. These applications include high resolution synthetic aperture radar imaging, target surveillance and tracking, vehicle collision avoidance, autonomous navigation of robotic ground and air vehicles, and assistive landing of airborne vehicles. Recently, there has been an increased interest in use of radar systems operating at frequencies in the upper millimeter-wave and sub-terahertz portion of the spectrum (90 GHz < f < 300 GHz). At these frequencies, wave propagation through the atmosphere is of concern, especially during inclement weather, such as brownouts due to sandstorms, whiteouts due to snow storms, and reduced visibility due to heavy rain. Distortions introduced by rain, in the form of extinction, depolarization, and increased backscatter, are of particular concern due to the fact that water droplets have a higher permittivity and larger size than other airborne particles. The size of a water droplet may extend anywhere between few microns and 8 mm in diameter. For example, at a moderate rain fall rate of 4 mm/hr, the median diameter of water droplets is 1.6 mm, which is larger than the wavelength of a radar operating at 200 GHz (wavelength = 1.5 mm). These relatively large particle sizes, coupled with high permittivity of liquid water, are expected to result in strong scattering at these frequencies. Furthermore, the shape of a falling water droplet depends on its size. When the droplet size is small (i.e. diameter < 1 mm) then its shape is essentially spherical. However, as the droplet size increases beyond 1 mm, its shape becomes increasingly distorted, resembling a deformed oblate spheroid. The radar cross section of large droplets can be quite different compared to spherical particles of the same volume. In addition, the distorted water droplets will result in cross-polarized return of the reflected signal and depolarization of the forwardly-scattered signal as well. Hence, a polarized radar signal propagating through rain may suffer from significant attenuation as well as from polarimetric distortions in the form of depolarization and dispersion. As a result, radar signatures of targets may appear significantly different from reality, and detection features may not work efficiently. It should be noted that the degree of severity of such effects increases with the increase in the rain fall rate. No thorough study of wave propagation through rain has been reported to date at sub-terahertz frequencies.
Treating patients with learning disabilities

Ms Rossignol and Dr Paasche-Orlow1 described legislation related to educational services for individuals with disabilities and recommended accommodations for use by physicians. In addition to a number of inaccuracies (eg, the comprehensive federal Special Education law was passed in 1975, not 1990; the Individual Education Program [IEP] provides more than just accommodations2), we have concerns about the recommendations provided.
ADP binding to relaxed scallop myofibrils.

CALCIUM regulates muscle contraction in all species which have been studied. Muscle relaxes in the absence of calcium and contracts when it is present in micromolar concentrations1–3. Contraction is caused by the interaction of myosin with ATP and with the actin of the thin filament, and the effect of calcium is to modulate this interaction1–8. Although these features apply to all muscles, the location of the calcium binding and thus the mechanism of its action differs in different phyla; regulation may be associated with the myosin, or the thin filaments or both2,3,7.
Ethics and information systems: Resolving the quandaries

The information systems (I/S) community is becoming concerned with questions of ethical behavior in many realms. But those who attempt to resolve the quandaries may find themselves confused by differing approaches and theoretical assumptions that are often proffered. This paper provides a meta-framework that identifies the areas of convergence and divergence in these approaches and assumptions. An illustrative example (America Online's plans to share subscriber information with telemarketers) is examined through several sets of lenses. Special attention is paid to the linkages between the theories, with fertile areas for future research identified.
Critical reflection in the second language classroom through audiotaped journals

Abstract This study focuses on the use of reflective audiotaped journals within a university content-based English as a second language (ESL) course. The journals encouraged students to build connections between the themes explored in class and their personal experiences, values and beliefs.Data for this study came from 54 audiotaped journal entries made by 18 students and an unstructured ethnographic group interview. Analysis by the teacher-researcher identified recurring themes through a constant-comparison method. The results suggest that through audiotaped journals, students were able to investigate course content in ways that were particularly relevant to their lives. They used critical thinking skills to analyze topics explored in class, and they examined their identity-shifting processes. Finally, they perceived the journals as valuable opportunities for oral language practice and self-assessment.The results support the adoption of constructivist learning approaches which encourage students to take a more active and participatory role in the classroom. As students became responsible for linking course content to their personal experiences, they made conscious choices about areas of the curriculum which they wished to explore further and about the strategies they would use to monitor and evaluate their learning.
Effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated biphenyls on the morphology of the intestine of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Structural changes of the intestinal mucosal cells of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed in parallel experiments to a model mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated biphenyls, and the combined contaminants have been studied by light and electron microscopy. The mucosa was intact in the control and petroleum hydrocarbon-exposed fish; some exfoliation was observed in the group exposed to chlorinated biphenyls. The group fed the combined contaminants (petroleum and chlorinated biphenyls) had considerably increased sloughing indicating an interactive effect. The “goblet” or mucous cells appeared normal in all groups, but in the contaminant-exposed groups the columnar cells of the mucosa had distinct subcellular inclusions. The inclusions were not stained by carbohydrate-specific (PAS) or lipid-specific (Sudan black) reagents. Ultrastructurally, the inclusions that appeared after exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons were variable in size and contained a flocculent, finely granular material. In the petroleum hydrocarbon-exposed group the inclusions differed from both the chlorinated biphenyl and the combined-contaminant groups. The inclusions in the latter groups included large, irregularly shaped vesicles with relatively electron-transparent material and other vesicles with a range of electron densities. The cellular alterations were consistent within the exposed groups and presented a distinct change from normal morphology. Since the average gain in weight for all groups was similar, we could not conclude, however, that functional impairment from intestinal damage had occurred.
A clinical trial with Alice/R-75 strain, live attenuated serum inhibitor-resistant intranasal bivalent influenza A/B vaccine

A clinical trial was conducted with Alice/R-75 strain live attenuated intranasal influenza A/B vaccine. With double blind control 88 adult volunteers were administered 2 doses of Alice/R-75 vaccine, 93 volunteers received one dose of Alice/R-75 vaccine and one dose placebo solution and 94 subjects were administered 2 doses of placebo solution. Twenty-three other subjects received Alice strain monovalent influenza A vaccine. For comparison, data from 21 subjects who received monovalent intranasal R-75 strain influenza B in two doses is included. The vaccine was generally well tolerated. Four-fold serum hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody titer rises to A/England/42/72 occurred in 39% of the monovalent Alice strain vaccines; in contrast 18% of those given 2 doses of bivalent Alice/R-75 vaccine and 11% of those given 1 dose of bivalent vaccine had similar four-fold HAI antibody titer rises. HAI antibody titer rises to influenza B/Hong Kong/72 occurred in 38% of R-75 strain monovalent vaccinees, 14% of Alice/R-75 2-dose vaccinees and 11% of Alice/R-75 one dose vaccinees. An epidemic of influenza at onset of the study made evaluation of the efficacy of the vaccine impossible.
The Big Glitcher: The Rotation History of PSR J0537-6910

We report the results of an extensive monitoring campaign of PSR 50537-6910, the 16 ms pulsar in the Large Magellanic Cloud, using data acquired with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. The spin evolution of this pulsar is found to experience extreme episodic discontinuities in its spin-down rate during the 2.6 year campaign. The rate of occurance of these timing glitches is 2.3 per year, comparable to the highest seen for any pulsar. The mean glitch amplitude produced a fraction change in the frequency of Delta(nu)/nu = 0.36 x l0(exp -6) and in the frequency derivative of Delta(dot nu)/dot nu = 3 x 10(exp -4). Despite this prodigous timing activity we are able to derive a phase connected timing solution between glitch events with an average spin-down rate of -1.9743 x 10(exp 10) Hz/s. The integrated effect of the glitches in dot nu was so large that the apparent characteristic age of the pulsar (-nu/2dot nu) decreased significantly during the campaign. We discuss the implications of a large glitch activity and high braking index on the spin evolution of young pulsars.
A review of DRESS-associated myocarditis

DRESS (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms), also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, is a severe, systemic drug reaction most commonly associated with aromatic anticonvulsants and sulfonamides. Patients typically present with fever, facial edema, cervical lymphadenopathy and a morbilliform eruption, which may progress to erythroderma. Hematologic abnormalities are a hallmark of the condition, including eosinophilia and atypical lymphocytosis. Visceral organ involvement typically manifests as hepatic dysfunction but may include lymphadenopathy, nephritis, interstitial pneumonitis, and myocarditis. Five to ten percent of patients with DRESS die from systemic complications, making timely recognition and treatment essential to prevent life-threatening manifestations. Myocarditis is a fatal and under-recognized manifestation of DRESS, which may occur long after the initial diagnosis. We review the literature of previously reported cases of DRESS and myocardial involvement, highlighting the presenting symptoms associated with cardiac involvement, treatments used, and the outcome for each patient. In addition, we offer an algorithm for early diagnosis, treatment, and subsequent monitoring of these patients.
Intracellular Motility: Myosin and Tropomyosin in Actin Cable Flow

A new study has found that retrograde flow of budding yeast actin cables is facilitated by myosin II but is inhibited by a specific tropomyosin isoform (Tpm2p). Budding yeast therefore contains a minimal component system for elucidating the mechanistic details of retrograde actin flow.
Effects of Curricular Activity on Students Situational Motivation and Physical Activity Levels

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine (a) the effects of three curricular activities on students' situational motivation (intrinsic motivation [IM], identified regulation [IR], external regulation, and amotivation [AM]) and physical activity (PA) levels, and (b) the predictive strength of situational motivation to PA levels. Four hundred twelve students in grades 7–9 participated in three activities (cardiovascular fitness, ultimate football, and Dance Dance Revolution [DDR]) in physical education. ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers were used to measure students' PA levels for three classes for each activity. Students also completed a Situational Motivation Scale (Guay, Vallerand, & Blanchard, 2000) at the end of each class. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that students spent significantly higher percentages of time in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in fitness and football classes than they did in DDR class. Students reported higher IM and IR toward fitness than DDR. They also scored hig...
Effects of osteochondral fragmentation and intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide treatment on subchondral bone in the equine carpus.

Summary To determine the effects of osteochondral fragmentation and intra-articular corticosteroid treatment on dynamics of bone remodelling and fragility, 12 horses each had a unilateral, 8 mm osteochondral fragment created in the distal aspect of one radiocarpal bone. Six of the horses were treated in the fragmented joint, and the other 6 were treated in the nonfragmented joint with 12 mg of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) 14 and 28 days after surgery. All horses were exercised on a high-speed treadmill starting 15 days, and ending 72 days after surgery. Horses treated with TA in the fragmented joints were significantly less lame than those treated in the nonfragmented joints. Third carpal bones from joints with fragments showed significantly more vascularity, single labelled surface, total labelled surface and mineralising surface in subchondral and subjacent trabecular bone. Trends were also seen towards higher vascular canal volume and osteochondral junction remodelling sites in third carpal bones from fragmented joints. No significant differences were seen in microdamage density or size between fragmented and nonfragmented joints. No significant influence of TA treatment was seen on any parameter measured. The results from this study show that osteochondral fragmentation induces significant changes in remodelling of opposing bones, and that the administration of corticosteroids into joints with fragmentation does not significantly alter bone remodelling or fragility.
CELL ELASTIMETRY IN THE DETECTION OF IMMUNE NEUTROPENIA - - DEMONSTRATION OF A MEMBRANE PERTURBATION

CELL ELASTIMETRY IN THE DETECTION OF IMMUNE NEUTROPENIA - - DEMONSTRATION OF A MEMBRANE PERTURBATION
The effect of fluorodeoxyuridine on sublethal damage repair in human colon cancer cells.

Abstract Although 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) has been combined with hyperfractionated radiation therapy in clinical trials, the optimal method of delivering radiation therapy is not yet known. To determine the importance of the time interval between fractions on the survival of tumor cells exposed to FdUrd, we studied the effect of FdUrd on sublethal damage repair in HT29 human colon cancer cells in culture. Cells were exposed to clinically achievable concentrations of FdUrd (10–100 nM) for 14 hr followed by either single dose (5–12 Gy) or split dose (4–6 Gy x 2) external cobalt irradiation. The interval between radiation fractions was varied from 0.5 to 6 hr. FdUrd impaired sublethal damage repair in a dose dependent fashion. FdUrd had no effect on the induction of DNA double strand breaks (DSB's), but significantly reduced the rate of the repair of DNA DSB's. Exposure to 100 nM FdUrd decreased intracellular TTP pools but elevated dATP pools. These findings suggest that FdUrd may decrease sublethal damage repair by perturbing nucleotide triphosphate pools, which leads to a decrease in the ability of the cell to repair DNA DSB's. Furthermore, they suggest that hyperfractionated irradiation will be superior to once daily treatment when combined with regional delivery of FdUrd.
Black Suicide in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: An Examination of the Racial Inequality and Social Integration-Regulation Hypotheses

In addition to examining the social integration-regulation suicide thesis we develop and test a racial inequality suicide thesis to explain how socioeconomic status inequities between blacks and whites influence suicide risk among black males. Negative binomial regression techniques are employed to model black male suicide counts for U.S. metropolitan areas in 1980. Our findings demonstrate that the risk of black male suicide is higher in areas where occupational and income inequalities between blacks and whites are greater. We also find detrimental effects associated with marital disruption and certain types of family living arrangements. In light of our findings we revisit our theory and make suggestions for additional research. (EXCERPT)
Postobstructive pulmonary edema: a case for hydrostatic mechanisms.

Background Postobstructive pulmonary edema is a well-recognized complication of upper airway obstruction. The mechanisms of edema formation are unclear and may be due to increased hydrostatic forces generated by high negative inspiratory pressure or by increased permeability of the alveolar capillary membrane. Measurement of the edema fluid/plasma protein ratio and the rate of net alveolar fluid clearance are two well-validated methods for classifying the underlying mechanism of edema formation. The goal of the current study was to investigate the mechanisms of pulmonary edema formation in patients with postobstructive pulmonary edema by serial sampling of undiluted pulmonary edema fluid. Methods A retrospective review of 341 patients who had pulmonary edema fluid collected prospectively after the acute onset of pulmonary edema. All patients had serial samples of edema fluid and plasma collected over the first 8 h after intubation. Results Ten of the 341 patients with acute pulmonary edema were identified as having postobstructive pulmonary edema. The mean (± SD) edema fluid/plasma protein ratio in these patients was 0.54 ± 0.15. The mean rate of alveolar fluid clearance over 8 h was 14.0 ± 17.4% per hour. Nine of the 10 patients survived the hospitalization. Conclusion Measurement of the edema fluid/plasma protein ratio and the presence of net alveolar fluid clearance in 10 patients with postobstructive pulmonary edema supports a hydrostatic mechanism for edema fluid formation. The predominantly fast rates of alveolar fluid clearance may explain the rapid resolution of clinical postobstructive pulmonary edema that is typically described.
Effect of Kernel Size, Location, and Type of Damage on Popping Characteristics of Popcorn

ABSTRACT Popping characteristics, specifically expansion volume and popping time, were studied for damaged popcorn. A single variety of commercial undamaged yellow popcorn was separated into four size fractions (D 5.95 mm) by screening with round-hole sieves. Kernels were damaged using a razor knife by either slicing a 2-mm diameter piece of the endosperm or the germ or by cutting through the pericarp and seed coat into the endosperm or the germ ≈2 mm. A total of five combinations of location and damage were studied (tip cap removed, side cut, side sliced, germ cut, and germ sliced) for each kernel size. A control sample with no damage was also analyzed for each size fraction. All of the damaged kernels (regardless of type of damage) popped, but they had expansion volumes 9.1–47.5% smaller than those of undamaged kernels. The expansion volume of damaged kernels increased by 52.5–85.7%, depending on the damage, when the size of the kernel increased from <4....
Discovering fine-grained RRC state dynamics and performance impacts in cellular networks

To conserve power while ensuring good performance on resource-constrained mobile devices, devices transition between different Radio Resource Control (RRC) states in response to network traffic and according to parameters specific to network operators. As RRC states significantly affect application power consumption and performance, it is important to understand how RRC state timers interact with network traffic patterns. In this paper, we show that the impact of RRC states on performance is significantly more complex and diverse than found in previous work. To do so, we introduce an open-source tool that allows the impact of RRC states on network and application performance to be measured in a robust and accurate manner on unmodified user devices, and deploy the tool in 23 countries around the world to test a broad range of cellular network technologies. We detect previously unknown performance problems which increase network latencies by up to several seconds and for LTE, can increase packet losses by an order of magnitude. Through an in-depth cross-layer analysis of several carriers, we examine the lower-layer causes of these problems. We determine that the highly complex state transitions of certain carriers, and in particular poor interactions between state demotions and network traffic, can lead to substantial, unexpected latencies.
Treatment of tumours of the posterior part of the third ventricle and the pineal region: A long term follow-up

This paper represents a further investigation into the original series, with additional cases from N.I.N.Y. This follow-up study has been immeasureably enhanced by the availability of the EMI Scanner. It seems clear that there continues to be adequate evidence that the use of shunting procedures, followed by radiotherapy, is a rational approach to tumours of the pineal and posterior third ventricular region. Short of more extensive evidence to the contrary, we feel that it remains the method of choice in the initial treatment of these difficult lesions.
"Spreading the American Dream" of China: United China Relief, the Luce Family, and the Creation of American Conceptions of China before Pearl Harbor

Sino-American relations immediately after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor have been characterized by one commentator as "a mar riage after an over-long engagement—a shotgun marriage, if you will, but still a happy union."1 Another historian of the period, how ever, has insisted that despite the public facade of cooperation, har mony, and mutual admiration between the two nations, underneath lay a reality full of disappointment and bitterness—a shotgun mar riage perhaps, but certainly not a happy one; and the war only served to expose these tensions more clearly. In short, Paul A. Varg has observed, "Each found the other side wanting."2 The first attitude reflects the powerful sentiment that China beck oned to Americans—both religiously and economically—for protec tion, assistance, and guidance. Missionaries and business leaders, as well as certain government officials, saw China as a golden opportu nity for achieving important national goals both in terms of securing markets for American products and for the spread of American politi cal ideology.3 Similarly, some individuals became infected with the idea of succeeding on a personal level as well. Henry R. Luce, for example, the founder of the Time Incorporated trio of magazines— Time, Life, and Fortune—and the driving force behind those publica tions' consistently sentimental coverage of China, once said in a fund raising speech for Chinese relief, "You know the remarkable thing about China is that everyone who comes here becomes enchanted
In vitro maturation and transfer of equine oocytes after transport of ovaries at 12 or 22 °C

Transportation of equine ovaries would allow shipment of oocytes for research purposes or transfer after the death of a valuable mare. The objective of this study was to compare two temperatures for maintaining ovaries during a transport interval of 18-24 h. The goal was to obtain pregnancies after transport of ovaries, maturation of oocytes in vitro, and transfer of oocytes. Each shipment was composed of ovaries four to seven mares collected from an abattoir. From each mare, one ovary was packaged at approximately 12 degrees C, and the other was packaged at approximately 22 degrees C. Upon arrival at our laboratory, oocytes were collected and cultured for 24 h. For each transfer, between 9 and 15 oocytes from each group were placed into the oviducts of estrous mares through standing flank laparotomies. Recipients received human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 2000 IU, i.v.) 30-36 h before transfer (to synchronize ovulation). Recipients were inseminated 18-20 h before transfers with 2 x 10(9) progressively motile sperm. Uteri of recipients were examined with ultrasound to determine the number of developing embryos. On Day 16 ( ovulation = day 0), developing embryos were recovered by uterine lavage. Parentage verification was performed on recovered vesicles. Pregnancy rates were analyzed by Chi-square. The percentage of oocytes that developed into embryonic vesicles on Day 16 was not different between transport temperatures (22 degrees C, 13/73, 18% versus 12 degrees C, 11/73, 15%). In conclusion, pregnancies were obtained from in vitro matured oocytes that were recovered from ovaries transported for 18-24h at 12 or 22 degrees C.
Heat generation and temperature distributions in cylindrical reactor pressure vessels

Abstract Heat generation and temperature distributions in the wall of cylindrial pressure vessels of nuclear reactors are determined theoretically. The heat generation rate resulting from the absorption of primary gamma rays, neutron capture or secondary gamma rays, fast neutrons and thermal neutrons is in terms of radiation energy flux, energy absorption coefficient, buildup factor and exponential law of radiation attenuation. The heat generation rate is enhanced by the buildup factor of energy absorption. The temperature distribution in the pressure vessels is obtained by introducing the finite Hankel transform into the heat conduction equation. The results calculated for the heat generation rates and temperature distributions in the wall of the reactor pressure vessels are shown.
Activation of plasminogen activator inhibitor implicates protease InhA in the acute-phase response to Bacillus anthracis infection.

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. The infection is associated with inflammation and sepsis, but little is known about the acute-phase response during disease and the nature of the bacterial factors causing it. In this study, we examined the levels of the acute-phase proteins (APPs) in comparative experiments using mice challenged with spores and a purified B. anthracis protease InhA as a possible factor mediating the response. A strong increase in the plasma levels of APPs such as haptoglobin and serum amyloid A was observed during infection. Protein and mRNA levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 in the liver were also increased concurrently with bacterial dissemination at 72 h post-infection. Similar effects were observed at 6 h post injection with InhA. Induction of hepatic transforming growth factor-β1, a PAI-1 inducer, was also found in the liver of InhA-injected mice. PAI-1 elevation by InhA resulted in an increased level of urokinase-type plasminogen activator complex with PAI-1 and a decreased level of D-dimers indicating inhibition of blood fibrinolysis. These results reveal an acute liver response to anthrax infection and provide a plausible pathophysiological link between the host inflammatory response and the pro-thrombotic haemostatic imbalance in the course of disease through PAI-1 induction in the liver.