cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Centralized Unbalanced Dispatch of Smart Distribution DC Microgrid Systems

This paper proposes three new operation strategies such that a set of dc microgrids in distribution systems can cooperate pursuing particular objectives: 1) loss reduction; 2) full unbalance compensation; and 3) partial unbalance compensation. Loss reduction is a regular strategy for distribution utilities operating their systems efficiently by optimal dispatch of three-phase in/out powers of dc microgrids. Full and partial unbalance compensation strategies can solve single- or two-phase overloading problems of substation transformers temporarily and slow down their aging process. To validate the performance of the proposed operation strategies, several steady-state studies are performed in the IEEE 123-bus test system. According to the simulation results, the operation losses can be reduced by up to 34% with 15.2% DG penetration. The maximum single-phase loading of the substation transformer can be reduced by up to 30%.
Predicting the Abuse Liability of Entactogen-Class, New and Emerging Psychoactive Substances via Preclinical Models of Drug Self-administration.

Animal models of drug self-administration are currently the gold standard for making predictions regarding the relative likelihood that a recreational drug substance will lead to continued use and addiction. Such models have been found to have high predictive accuracy and discriminative validity for a number of drug classes including ethanol, nicotine, opioids, and psychostimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine. Members of the entactogen class of psychostimulants (drugs that produce an “open mind state” including feelings of interpersonal closeness, intimacy and empathy) have been less frequently studied in self-administration models. The prototypical entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; “Ecstasy”) supports self-administration but not with the same consistency nor with the same efficacy as structurally related drugs amphetamine or methamphetamine. Consistent with these observations, MDMA use is more episodic in the majority of those who use it frequently. Nevertheless, substantial numbers of MDMA users will meet the criteria for substance dependence at some point in their use history. This review examines the currently available evidence from rodent self-administration studies of MDMA and two of the new and emerging psychoactive substances (NPS) that produce entactogen type neuropharmacological responses – mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone; 4MMC; “meow meow”) and methylone (3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone). Overall, the current evidence predicts that these NPS entactogens have enhanced abuse liability compared with MDMA.
The Changing Nature of Efficiencies in Mergers and in Merger Analysis

Efficiencies have long been an important aspect of the antitrust analysis of mergers, but in recent years there have been certain noteworthy changes in the nature and analysis of efficiencies. One change appears to be the greater ability of the antitrust agencies to evaluate conventional efficiencies carefully and critically. This is demonstrated by the analysis of efficiencies associated with a number of recent proposed mergers before the antitrust and regulatory agencies. The second important change concerns the types of efficiencies typically claimed by merging firms. Whereas in earlier years these largely involved scale economies, they now more often focus on dynamic efficiencies, quality benefits, and vertical economies. This article discusses each of these in turn and argues that these newer types of efficiencies pose new and greater challenges for analysis.
Barack Obama: A Foreign Policy of Disengagement

Henriksen analyzes how Obama was not only caught off guard by the Arab Spring but also he declined to mount a strategy capitalizing on opportunities or prepare for fallouts. Obama practiced a “leading from behind” stratagem to avoid Libya’s civil war. In Syria’s bloody cauldron, he refused to punish Bashar al Assad for crossing his “red line” by using chemical weapons. In line with his disengagement, he countered the Islamic States march deep into Iraq with incremental measures, contributing to refugees flocking into Europe and Russia’s intervention. Russia’s seizures of Crimea and eastern Ukraine were met with just sanctions and troop rotations. The Iran nuclear deal to halt arms production was premised on disentangling America from Middle East alliances and disengaging it from the region.
Persistent homology lower bounds on distances in the space of networks

High order networks are weighted hypergraphs collecting relationships between elements of tuples, not necessarily pairs. Valid metric distances between high order networks have been defined but they are difficult to compute when the number of nodes is large. The goal here is to find tractable approximations of these network distances. The paper does so by mapping high order networks to filtrations of simplicial complexes and showing that the distance between networks can be lower bounded by the difference between the homological features of their respective filtrations. Practical implications are explored by classifying the coauthorship networks of engineering and mathematics academic journals. The persistent homology methods succeed in discriminating engineering and mathematics communities, and in differentiating engineering communities with different research interests.
Geometry of Surfaces. By John Stillwell

(1994). Geometry of Surfaces. By John Stillwell. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 101, No. 2, pp. 188-190.
124I in differentiated thyroid cancer: An educational exhibit

1069 Learning Objectives 1. To describe the production, decay, and radiopharmacokinetics of 124I, 2. To compare the utility of 124I PET, PET-CT scans with 131I and 123I planar whole body scan and SPECT scans in patients who have differentiated thyroid cancer, 3. To review the literature regarding the use of 124I PET and PET-CT studies in determining lesional, organ, and whole body dosimetry, 4. To review the literature regarding the early use of 124I for radiotherapy, 5. To list the potential advantages and disadvantages of 124I PET and PET-CT studies, and 6. To discuss the potential future role of 124I PET and PET-CT studies. 131I and 123I are the standard radionuclides used for performing radioiodine whole body images in patients who have differentiated thyroid cancer, and although 124I was evaluated and used many years ago, 124I was only used for a limited time because of factors such as availability, cost, and adequate imaging devices. With factors such as the development and wide spread clinical availability of PET scanners and renewed interested in the potential clinical and research uses of 124I, this positron emitting radionuclide of iodine is now commercially available in the United States. This educational exhibit reviews the production, physical decay, and radiopharmacokinetics of 124I. This exhibit also reviews the literature of those articles comparing the lesion detection 124I PET and PET-CT scans to 131I and 123I planar whole body scans and SPECT scan in patients who have differentiated thyroid cancer. The use and recent publications of 124I PET and PET-CT studies in determining lesional, organ, and whole body dosimetry are discussed. The early use of 124I for therapy is also briefly discussed. The exhibit concludes with the advantages, disadvantages, and potential future utility and approval of 124I in the United States
Peptide shuttles for cytoplasmic delivery and nuclear targeting of chemotherapeutic agents

The site-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumor cells has been a longstanding objective in clinical research [1]. The delivery strategies that have been utilized thus far include the use of viral vectors [2], cationic lipids [3], loligomers [4] and polylysine [5] as a positively charged carrier to help mediate delivery of nucleotides. Currently [6], there has also been much interest in designing molecules to assist in delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to their nuclear targets. We have taken advantage of peptides based on the nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequences of transcription factors to assist in delivery. In our initial studies, we synthesized a 9 residue peptide of sequence VQRKRQLMP (NLS-9mer), based on the nuclear localization signal sequence of Additionally 6 alanine mutants were studied to assess the role of certain residues: P9A, M8A, L7A, K4A, R3A and V1A. Interestingly, peptides derived from NLS-9mer were found to cross the cytoplasm and enter the nucleus of breast cancer cells, as observed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.
Economics of Gambling on Sports: A Multistage Stochastic Programming Approach to American Jai Alai Gambling Strategies

With the increased gambling tolerance, the economic stake of gambling on sports is growing bigger than ever before. One common type is the para mutual gambling, where the gamblers bet on the results of games, such as Jai Alai, dog racing, horse racing, etc. Uncertainties lie both in the game itself and in the bets made by all gamblers. This study attempts to develop the optimum betting strategies for Jai Alai games based on the rules, the historical results and the random returns of each game. Two main concerns of this study are: modeling the randomness in both the game and the gambler sides, and formulating multistage stochastic mixed-integer models for the strategy-making problem to maximize the return and control the risk as well.
63Cu nuclear transverse relaxation rate and spin correlations in YBa2Cu3O6.63.

The $^{63}\mathrm{Cu}$ nuclear transverse relaxation rate in the normal state of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6.33}$ (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$=62 K) is reported here. The Gaussian relaxation rate 1/${\mathit{T}}_{2\mathit{G}}$ at the planar Cu sites increases with decreasing temperature from 300 down to 100 K, below which it becomes independent of temperature. This behavior is quite different from the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/(${\mathit{T}}_{1}$T), which shows a peak near 150 K, and indicates that antiferromagnetic spin correlations in the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ planes continue to grow in the temperature range where the low-frequency spin fluctuations are depressed by a spin gap.
Feature Performance Metrics for Software as a Service Offering

This paper provides a framework to measure the performance of software as a service (SaaS) product features to prioritize development efforts. Firstly, relative value is measured by the impact of each feature on customer acquisition and retention. Secondly, feature value is compared to feature cost and specifically development investment to determine feature profitability. Thirdly, feature sensitivity is measured. Feature sensitivity is defined as the effect a fixed amount of development investment has on value in a given time. Fourthly, features are segmented according to their location relative to the value to cost trend line into most valuable features, outperforming, underperforming and fledglings. Finally, results are analyzed to determine future action. Maintenance and bug fixes are prioritized according to feature value. Product enhancements are prioritized according to sensitivity with special attention to fledglings. Underperforming features are either put on “life-support,” terminated or overhauled. This framework is applicable to SaaS companies for the purpose of prioritizing features, an important consideration for concurrent engineering of software systems.
Orthopedic metallic hardware in routine abdomino-pelvic CT scans: occurrence and clinical significance.

To study the occurrence of orthopedic metallic hardware in routine abdomen/pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans and their impact on image quality (IQ) and diagnostic evaluation. In this retrospective single institution study, we analyzed 3500 consecutive abdomen/pelvis CT scans for occurrence of orthopedic metallic hardware. In the cohort of patients with metallic hardware detected on CT scans, subjective and objective IQ analysis was performed to estimate diagnostic acceptability (DA, 4-point scale), subjective noise (SN, 3-point scale), presence of artifacts (PA, 4-point scale) and objective noise. The clinical significance of metallic hardware was determined by evaluating the impact of artifacts on radiological diagnosis according to the clinical indication and disease type. Orthopedic metallic hardware was encountered in 4.97% of abdomino-pelvic CT scans (n = 174/3500), and artifacts related to the hardware in the region of clinical interest were identified in 82% (n = 144/174) of scans. The overall mean DA was 2.66 (n = 174), and it was severely limited (score 2) in the region of clinical interest. Orthopedic metallic hardware is encountered in nearly 5% of abdomino-pelvic CT scans and causes significant image degradation limiting diagnostic evaluation in the region of clinical interest.
Reflections on Race-ing the Museum, Two Years Later

History of Art and Architecture professors and co-facilitators of the Race-ing the Museum workshop, Fozi and Savage offer insights into the workshop, its context, and its achievements.
High-speed AFM height spectroscopy reveals µs-dynamics of unlabeled biomolecules

Dynamics are fundamental to the functions of biomolecules and can occur on a wide range of time and length scales. Here we develop and apply high-speed AFM height spectroscopy (HS-AFM-HS), a technique whereby we monitor the sensing of a HS-AFM tip at a fixed position to directly detect the motions of unlabeled molecules underneath. This gives Angstrom spatial and microsecond temporal resolutions. In conjunction with HS-AFM imaging modes to precisely locate areas of interest, HS-AFM-HS measures simultaneously surface concentrations, diffusion coefficients and oligomer sizes of annexin-V on model membranes to decipher key kinetics allowing us to describe the entire annexin-V membrane-association and self-assembly process in great detail and quantitatively. This work displays how HS-AFM-HS can assess the dynamics of unlabeled bio-molecules over several orders of magnitude and separate the various dynamic components spatiotemporally.
A family of PIKFYVE inhibitors with therapeutic potential against autophagy-dependent cancer cells disrupt multiple events in lysosome homeostasis.

High-throughput screening identified 5 chemical analogs (termed the WX8-family) that disrupted 3 events in lysosome homeostasis: (1) lysosome fission via tubulation without preventing homotypic lys...
Abstract 446: Transcription Factor EB, Not mTOR is a Therapeutic Target for Rag GTPase Protein C S75Y-based Cardiomyopathy

Rationale: We recently reported the association of S75Y, a point mutation in the Rag GTPase protein C (RRAGC) gene, with pediatric DCM. Because RRAGC directly binds and regulates mTOR and the S75Y ...
A Shared Sea: The Axes of French and British Imperialism in the Mediterranean, 1798–1914

The major axes of France’s and Britain’s empires crossed in the Mediterranean—the French on a north-south axis from Marseille to Algeria and the British on an east-west axis from Gibraltar to Egypt and India. Both powers sought to expand their influence in the Mediterranean and make it a strategic asset in their respective empires. After France’s conquest of Algiers in 1830, French administrators and Saint-Simonian economists referred to the Mediterranean as a “French lake” that would challenge British naval supremacy and link France’s imperial present with Roman antiquity. Despite the Mediterranean being a site of Anglo-French rivalry, both imperial powers shared the sea through collaborative, interconnected, and transnational elements that included steamship networks, coaling stations, and diplomatic agreements. By the turn of the twentieth century, the two sides became mutually dependent and mutually threatening in this shared maritime space, neither willing to risk losing vital sea lanes.
Electroencephalogram Characteristics in Critical Ill Patients Before Cardiac Arrest: A Case Series.

Background/Objectives. To illustrate characteristic electroencephalogram (EEG) features in patients prior to their first cardiac arrest. Methods. We identified 15 patients who suffered cardiac arre...
The construction of the cultural niche: A biocultural model.

Objectives Objective of the study is to develop a more precise model of culture as an evolutionary niche for the human species. Culture is encoded in cultural models and can be decomposed into three basic components: shared knowledge and understanding, referred to as cultural competence; alternate configurations of shared understanding, referred to as residual agreement; and social practice, referred to as cultural consonance. Individuals are thus located in a cultural Euclidean space of shared understanding, patterned divergence from that understanding, and social practice. Methods A follow-up sample (n = 64) of a larger survey sample was interviewed to collect data on cultural competence, residual agreement, and cultural consonance in five cultural domains. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to examine dimensional structure. Cluster analysis was used to group respondents along these dimensions. The association of cluster membership with depression was examined using dummy variable regression analysis. Results Multidimensional scaling was consistent with a three-dimensional structure. Based on measures of cultural competence, residual agreement, and cultural consonance, respondents clustered into three groups: the culturally proficient, the culturally knowledgeable, and the culturally distal. Individuals in the culturally proficient and knowledgeable groups reported fewer depressive symptoms than the culturally distal. Conclusions These results suggest a three-dimensional Euclidean structure of culture in which knowledge is shared, contested, and acted upon. Such a cultural niche likely emerged early in human evolution because of the enhanced survival value of shared and contested knowledge, verifiable through practice.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Associated Transverse Myelitis Presenting as Asymmetric Flaccid Paralysis

Acute transverse myelitis is a rare spinal cord inflammatory disorder that manifests as sudden onset of motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunctions. Here, we report a case of acute transverse myelitis in a 13- year-old boy secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. He presented with left facial palsy and contralateral upper extremity weakness without sensory or autonomic changes. The patient was diagnosed with transverse myelitis based on his magnetic resonance imaging findings, although his presentation was mainly motor dysfunction, which is more consistent with acute flaccid paralysis.
Dysregulation of metabolic enzymes in tumor and stromal cells: Role in oncogenesis and therapeutic opportunities

Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Metabolic rewiring in cancer cells occurs due to the activation of oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and/or other adaptive changes in cell signaling pathways. Furthermore, altered metabolism is also reported in tumor-corrupted stromal cells as a result of their interaction with cancer cells or due to their adaptation in the dynamic tumor microenvironment. Metabolic alterations are associated with dysregulation of metabolic enzymes and tumor-stromal metabolic crosstalk is vital for the progressive malignant journey of the tumor cells. Therefore, several therapies targeting metabolic enzymes have been evaluated and/or are being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we discuss some important metabolic enzymes that are altered in tumor and/or stromal cells, and focus on their role in supporting tumor growth. Moreover, we also discuss studies carried out in various cancers to target these metabolic abnormalities for therapeutic exploitation.
Single port robot-assisted transperitoneal kidney transplant using the SP® surgical system in a pre-clinical model.

Introduction Minimally invasive surgery has recently gained interest for kidney transplantation. We aimed to describe the step-by-step technique for single-port robotic transperitoneal kidney transplantation using the SP® surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, Ca) in a pre-clinical model. Materials and Methods A male fresh cadaver model was placed in a lithotomy position. A 3cm midline incision was made 4cm cephalad to the belly button. An advanced access platform (GelPOINT, Rancho Margarita, California, USA) was inserted into the abdominal cavity through the incision. A left kidney was obtained for the local procurement organization. Bench preparation of the kidney was performed. Thereafter, the organ was introduced transperitoneal through the Alexis® wound retractor. The SP® robotic platform was docked and the pelvic fossa was targeted. The standardized steps of robotic multi-arm kidney transplant were duplicated. Primary outcomes such as intraoperative complications, rate of conversion to standard technique and operative times were recorded. Results The procedure was technically completed using the SP® robotic system without conversion or the need for additional ports. There were no intraoperative complications. The total operative time was 182 minutes, with 35 minutes spent for bench kidney. Conclusions Robotic Single-Port kidney transplantation using the SP® surgical platform is feasible in a pre-clinical model. The platform could be particularly interesting for multi-quadrant surgery such as auto-transplantation, potentially reducing the time for redocking. Further clinical studies in humans and comparison with standard surgical techniques are warranted.
An analytical expression for R50% dependent on PTV surface area and volume: A cranial SRS comparison.

The intermediate dose spill for a stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) plan can be quantified with the metric R50%, defined as the 50% isodose cloud volume (VIDC50% ) divided by the volume of the planning target volume (PTV). By coupling sound physical principles with the basic definition of R50%, we derive an analytical expression for R50% for a spherical PTV. Our analytical expression depends on three quantities: the surface area of PTV (SAPTV ), the volume of PTV (VPTV ), and the distance of dose drop-off to 50% (Δr). The value of ∆r was obtained from a simple set of cranial phantom plan calculations. We generate values from our analytical expression for R50% (R50%Analytic ) and compare the values to clinical R50% values (R50%Clinical ) extracted from a previously published SRS data set that spans the VPTV range from 0.15 to 50.1 cm3 . R50%Analytic is smaller than R50%Clinical in all cases by an average of 15% ± 7%, and the general trend of R50%Clinical vs VPTV is reflected in the same trend of R50%Analytic . This comparison suggests that R50%Analytic could represent a theoretical lower limit for the clinical SRS data; further investigation is required to confirm this. R50%Analytic could provide useful guidance for what might be achievable in SRS planning.
Catheter-related complications and mortality of atrial fibrillation ablation following introduction of contact force-sensing technology

Objectives Contact force-sensing catheters allow real-time catheter-tissue contact force monitoring during atrial fibrillation. These catheters were rapidly adopted into clinical practice following market introduction in 2014, but concerns have been raised regarding collateral damage such as esophageal injury. We sought to examine whether the introduction of force-sensing catheters was associated with a change in short-term and intermediate-term acute care use, complications and mortality following atrial fibrillation ablation. Design Retrospective cohort analysis. We used inverse probability treatment weight matching to account for the differences in baseline characteristics between groups. Setting We examined patients included in the OptumLabs Data Warehouse who underwent ablation for atrial fibrillation before (2011–2013) and after (2015–2017) the market introduction of contact force-sensing catheters. Main outcome measures We examined 30-day and 90-day rates of all-cause acute care use, including hospitalizations and emergency department visits, as well as death and hospitalization for catheter-related complications, including atrioesophageal fistula, pericarditis, cardiac tamponade/perforation and stroke/transient ischemic attack. Results Our sample included 3470 and 5772 patients who underwent atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation before and after market introduction of contact force-sensing catheters, respectively. Complication rates were low and did not differ between the two periods (p>0.10 for each outcome). The 30-day and 90-day mortality was 0.1% and 0.3%, respectively after market introduction and unchanged from prior to 2014. The 90-day rates of all-cause acute care use decreased, from 27.0% in 2011–2013 to 23.9% in 2015–2017 (p Conclusions AF ablation-related catheter complications and mortality are low and there has been no significant change following the introduction of force-sensing catheters.
Nicotine Patch Prescription Fulfillment Rates for Emergency Department Patients.

Author(s): Emerman, Charles L.; Tracy, David; Siff, Jonathan | Abstract: Introduction: Smoking cessation has significant health benefits, and the emergency department (ED) can be an important venue for smoking cessation counseling. Nicotine replacement therapy with transdermal patches has been shown to be associated with smoking cessation in a variety of studies. This study evaluated fulfillment rates for prescriptions for nicotine replacement transdermal patches (NRT-P) from the ED.Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients receiving a prescription for a NRT-P product from January 2018–October 2019. Charts were reviewed to gather data including age, gender, presence of chronic heart or lung problems, and health insurance. We assessed the fulfillment rate of prescriptions using the Surescripts system, which is a functionality within our electronic health record system that queries participating pharmacies. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine associations between fill rates and the other variables collected from charts.Results: We had follow-up on 500 patients prescribed nicotine patches. Of those patients, 44% filled their prescriptions. Those who filled their prescriptions were more likely to be female and have a history of chronic lung disease. Self-pay patients were least likely to fill their prescriptions. Overall, we had evidence of smoking cessation in 13% of patients.Conclusion: This study found that a substantial proportion of patients fail to fill their NRT-P prescriptions. Further work on means of enhancing fulfillment rates is warranted.
Laparoscopic Approach to the Obliterated Anterior Cul-De-Sac

Study Objective To review surgical principles that can be used to approach the obliterated anterior cul-de-sac. Additionally, to demonstrate application of these principles during total laparoscopic hysterectomy Design N/A Setting This procedure took place in a hospital-based operating room. Four laparoscopic ports were utilized, including a camera at the umbilicus, right and left lower quadrant ports and a suprapubic port. Patients or Participants The patient is a 46 year old female with complex chronic pelvic pain. Her surgical history included a prior Cesarean delivery. Ultrasound showed small 8 wk uterus with likely adenomyosis Interventions This video demonstrates a laparoscopic management of an obliterated anterior cul-de-sac as performed during total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy. Measurements and Main Results N/A Conclusion Prior cesarean delivery can complicate laparoscopic hysterectomy. However, reliance on sound surgical principles can help ensure success. These include: Isolation and control of blood supply prior to adhesiolysis; Understanding and identifying safe spaces where anatomy is not altered by adhesive disease; Maintaining forward progress; Restoring anatomy
Genomic variation in captive deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) populations.

Background Deer mice (genus Peromyscus) are the most common rodents in North America. Despite the availability of reference genomes for some species, a comprehensive database of polymorphisms, especially in those maintained as living stocks and distributed to academic investigators, is missing. In the present study we surveyed two populations of P. maniculatus that are maintained at the Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center (PGSC) for polymorphisms across their 2.5 × 109 bp genome. Results High density of variation was identified, corresponding to one SNP every 55 bp for the high altitude stock (SM2) or 207 bp for the low altitude stock (BW) using snpEff (v4.3). Indels were detected every 1157 bp for BW or 311 bp for SM2. The average Watterson estimator for the BW and SM2 populations is 248813.70388 and 869071.7671 respectively. Some differences in the distribution of missense, nonsense and silent mutations were identified between the stocks, as well as polymorphisms in genes associated with inflammation (NFATC2), hypoxia (HIF1a) and cholesterol metabolism (INSIG1) and may possess value in modeling pathology. Conclusions This genomic resource, in combination with the availability of P. maniculatus from the PGSC, is expected to promote genetic and genomic studies with this animal model.
Neutron activation and radiation damage assessment for W-Ni-Fe tungsten heavy alloys with variable Ni content

Abstract A challenging issue for the magnetic fusion concept of generating nuclear power is the performance of plasma-facing components, particularly in the divertor within the fusion power plant. Tungsten alloys, such as W-TiC, W-La2O3, etc., are the prime candidate structural materials for advanced He-cooled divertors in next-step devices beyond ITER. In recent years, W-Ni-Fe heavy alloys (WHAs) have emerged as more promising alternatives than the above-mentioned alloys. WHAs exhibit superior fracture toughness and better fabricability. However, Ni raises concerns because it may generate an unsafe level of radioactive waste (radwaste). Given the significant promise of WHAs, neutron activation assessment is critically needed, particularly to determine the limit of Ni that can be employed. This is the main purpose of this study. The assessment is provided for disposal option and for recycling alternative of divertors made of WHAs. Additional calculations are performed to obtain the neutron flux and spectrum, transmutation products, and He/H gas production data for a typical divertor design. These additional data are generated to inform future multiscale simulations of microstructure evolution and radiation damage accumulation in WHAs. Furthermore, estimation of atomic displacement damage dose is presented. In the future, the estimated dose should be compared with the more accurate data from the multiscale simulations and revised accordingly.
Teledermatology Within the Veterans Health Administration, 2002–2014

Abstract Background: In order to increase veterans' access to dermatologic care, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has developed one of the largest teledermatology programs in the United States. This article describes the recent expansion of the VHA's teledermatology program after local and national initiatives and resource allocation. Materials and Methods: This report describes routinely collected VHA data. Results: For the first half of fiscal year 2014, the VHA recorded 31,926 teledermatology encounters, which represents 14% of all recorded teledermatology visits. Although every region in the VHA used teledermatology in the past year, four regions created 51% of the encounters. The use of store-and-forward telehealth (SFT), in which physicians view patient images after the patients were photographed, is increasing, whereas live video use is decreasing. Starting in 2012, encounters for patients in urban areas exceeded those in rural areas. The majority of patients were male veterans 60–79 years ...
The Optical Mouse, and an Architectural Methodology for Smart Digital Sensors

A mouse is a pointing device used with interactive display-oriented computer systems, which tracks the movement of a user’s hand as the user pushes the mouse about on a pad (usually on the work surface next to the user’s keyboard). Mice have recently become available in the office products market as a part of the Xerox “Star,” the 8010 Professional Workstation [Business 1981, Seybold 1981–1, and Seybold 1981-2].
Why virtual job recruitment is not well accepted by generation Y?: a case study on second life

Generation Y (Gen Y) forms a sizeable workforce in today's economy. Because this generation is tech savvy, it is likely that virtual worlds would serve as an ideal medium for recruiting such employees. Our research, however, showed that the participants in our study, who were part of the Generation Y population, had very little prior knowledge about recruiting in virtual worlds. Further, very few of them were familiar with Second Life, which is the major virtual world for recruitment. Even after being introduced to and spending some time looking for job fairs and job leads in Second Life, many of the participants expressed high levels of skepticism about the effectiveness of a virtual job search. Thus, Second Life is not well-known among Gen Y. There is an overall lack of awareness and thus virtual worlds are not perceived by Gen Y to be a suitable medium for job recruitment.
Thermally Induced Leakage from Vibrio marinus, an Obligately Psychrophilic Marine Bacterium

Haight, Rodger D. (Oregon State University, Corvallis), and Richard Y. Morita. Thermally induced leakage from Vibrio marinus, an obligately psychrophilic bacterium. J. Bacteriol. 92:1388-1393. 1966.-Leakage of various cellular components into the surrounding menstruum occurred when Vibrio marinus was subjected to temperatures above 20 C (organism's maximal growth temperature). These materials, listed in decreasing rates of leakage, were identified as protein, deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and amino acids. The amount of polar amino acids increased as the time and temperature of heat treatment were increased, whereas the nonpolar amino acids decreased. The ribonucleic acid in the supernatant fluid resulting from heat treatment was both polymeric and nonpolymeric. Leakage of cellular components may be one of the reasons that V. marinus MP-1 loses viability when exposed to temperatures above its maximal temperature for growth.
Computational modeling of cardiac optogenetics

Cardiac optogenetics is emerging as an exciting new potential avenue to enable spatiotemporally precise control of excitable cells and tissue in the heart with low-energy optical stimuli. This approach involves the expression of exogenous light-sensitive proteins (opsins) in target heart tissue via viral gene or cell delivery. Preliminary experiments in optogenetically-modified cells, tissue, and organisms have made great strides towards demonstrating the feasibility of basic applications, including the use of light stimuli to pace or disrupt reentrant activity. However, it remains unknown whether techniques based on this intriguing technology could be scaled up and used in humans for novel clinical applications, such as pain-free optical defibrillation or dynamic modulation of action potential shape. A key step towards answering such questions is to explore potential optogenetics-based therapies using sophisticated computer simulation tools capable of realistically representing opsin delivery and light stimulation in biophysically detailed, patient-specific models of the human heart. This review provides (1) a detailed overview of the methodological developments necessary to represent optogenetics-based solutions in existing virtual heart platforms and (2) a survey of findings that have been derived from such simulations and a critical assessment of their significance with respect to the progress of the field. Display Omitted In Part 1, we discuss state-of-the-art methods used to model cardiac optogenetics.Required techniques at the protein, cell, tissue, and organ scales are summarized.A novel exploration of optogenetic cardiac action potential silencing is included.In Part 2, we review findings that have emerged from cardiac optogenetics modeling.Simulations will help assess the efficacy of potential clinical applications.
Onomastics and Its Uses

Historians have been slow to embrace the field of onomastics, finding it too technical, too specialized, and not readily applicable to typical questions and avenues of inquiry. But two recent works that span the ages from prehistoric times through the early medieval period and into the nineteenth century use names and naming to detect patterns of migration, mobility, marriage, social identity, and demographic assimilation. In most studies, names function primarily as labels, rarely as causative agents or clues to deeper social or cultural realities. But names can also help to trace people across space and time and demonstrate the significance of relationships within and between classes and families.
On the Design and Implementation of a Highly Accurate Pulse Predictor for Exercise Equipment

Goal: This study aims to develop highly accurate heart rate monitoring from the hand-held contact signal within a noisy environment during exercise. Methods: The periodic pattern and uncertainties of a physiological signal are modeled by a Laplacian random process. Based on this statistical model, a highly accurate pulse predictor (HAPPEE) is derived and implemented in real-time on a Cypress PSoC 5LP development board. A real-time experiment is designed to compare HAPPEE with a commercial heart rate monitor from POLAR. The percentage of credible estimates and the mean square error (MSE) of credible estimates are reported for experiments with seven healthy subjects. Results: The overall percentage of credible estimates is $99.2\%$ for HAPPEE and $93.6\%$ for POLAR. The overall MSE of credible estimates is $3.1$ for HAPPEE and $7.7$ for POLAR. These results show that HAPPEE is more accurate than POLAR. Conclusion: HAPPEE is able to accurately monitor heart rate within a noisy environment during exercise. Significance: Unlike existing heart rate estimation methods, HAPPEE does not require pulse detection or tuning parameters. It can be easily implemented in real-time on a low power and low cost development board for exercise equipment and outperforms a commercial heart rate monitor.
Predicting the cloud patterns of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation through a low‐order nonlinear stochastic model

We assess the limits of predictability of the large-scale cloud patterns in the boreal winter Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) as measured through outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) alone, a proxy for convective activity. A recent advanced nonlinear time series technique, nonlinear Laplacian spectral analysis, is applied to the OLR data to define two spatial modes with high intermittency associated with the boreal winter MJO. A recent data-driven physics-constrained low-order stochastic modeling procedure is applied to these time series. The result is a four-dimensional nonlinear stochastic model for the two observed OLR variables and two hidden variables involving correlated multiplicative noise defined through energy-conserving nonlinear interaction. Systematic calibration and prediction experiments show the skillful prediction by these models for 40, 25, and 18 days in strong, moderate, and weak MJO winters, respectively. Furthermore, the ensemble spread is an accurate indicator of forecast uncertainty at long lead times.
Resolution of chronic pelvic pain after laparoscopic lysis of adhesions

Thirty women undergoing laparoscopic lysis of adhesions for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain were prospectively evaluated for the presence of a chronic pain syndrome. At follow-up, of those with chronic pain syndrome (10), four (40%) reported continued improvement or resolution of pain during daily activities or dyspareunia, whereas of those without chronic pain syndrome (20), 15 (75%) were better ( p = 0.06). When these two complaints are evaluated individually, both pain during daily activities ( p p
Clinically Relevant Terminology of the Female Lower Genitourinary Tract

Female urology is a rapidly evolving field supported by growth in both diagnostic and treatment modalities. As this field moves forward, it is imperative that clinicians are able to use a common medical language to communicate their ideas with one another. This paper discusses the current standards in female pelvic floor anatomy, clinical conditions, and urodynamic evaluation.
Hunger, light level and body size affect refuge use by post‐settlement lingcod Ophiodon elongatus

Using experimental methods, body size, nutritional state (hunger) and light level were investigated as possible determinants of the extent to which juvenile lingcod Ophiodon elongatus used structural refuges. In the laboratory, older, larger individuals (134–162 mm total length, LT) exhibited a higher propensity for structure use than did smaller juvenile fish (78–103 mm LT). In fish of both body sizes, increasing hunger levels caused fish to emerge more readily from refuges than satiated individuals, with this effect most prominent for smaller fish. Diel patterns of ambient illumination were simulated in the laboratory, and refuge use by large individuals decreased significantly in response to lower nocturnal light levels, a pattern that was not observed in the smaller size class. These results indicate an ontogenetic shift in refuge use. During the summer, as post-settlement fish grew larger, they tended to increase affinity for structurally complex habitat, and also showed divergent patterns of behaviour in relation to hunger and light level. Journal compilation # 2006 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles No claim to original US government works
Arsenic-induced Skin Toxicity:

We reviewed available literature on the effects of inorganic arsenic on the skin to determine the potential hazards and to collate information regarding dosage and exposure to the incidence of skin cancer. Arsenic intake may result from occupational or medicinal exposure, or from drinking well water in areas with high arsenic levels in the soil. Arsenic causes a variety of benign skin lesions including hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis. Some hyperkeratotic lesions and squamous cell carcinomas in situ may progress to invasive carcinoma; other invasive squamous cell carcinomas will develop de novo. These cutaneous squamous cancers may metastasize; mortality is low, but has been reported. Locally invasive but non-metastasizing basal cell carcinomas may arise as well. These lesions occur in a characteristic pattern of distribution and are usually multiple. Observers reporting medicinally administered arsenic have described dose-response relationships between the amount of arsenic ingested and the frequency of various skin lesions. For arsenic found in drinking water, however, there is more controversy regarding the doses and exposure times necessary for cutaneous toxicity.
Accessory plantaris muscle: anatomy and prevalence.

Accessory and anomalous muscles have been described in humans, but only a few at the level of the knee. The aim of this retrospective cohort analysis was to determine the prevalence of a new accessory muscle located at the level of the knee detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The accessory muscle is designated an accessory plantaris muscle in this study due to its intimate origin with the normal plantaris muscle. Retrospective review of 1,000 consecutive MRI exams of the knee performed on patients presenting with acute or chronic knee symptoms revealed an accessory plantaris muscle in 63 of the 1,000 patients (6.3%)—38 males (7.5%) and 25 females (5.1%). Origin of 62 of 63 of the accessory plantaris muscles merged with the origin of the normal plantaris muscle, and one of 63 merged with the origin of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. These accessory plantaris muscles inserted into the iliotibial band, the lateral patellar retinaculum, or the iliotibial tract.
Gaussian basis expansion of the QED light cone Hamiltonian

Abstract We obtain a rigorous transformation from a plane-wave basis expansion of the fields to a Gaussian basis expansion. We then use this transformation to derive the Gaussian basis representation of the normal mode sector of the discretized light cone Hamiltonian for QED. This is advantageous because it allows one to fully formulate a bound state problem using a plane-wave basis but then transform to the Gaussian basis for the numerical implementation.
Priming Effects of Media Violence on the Accessibility of Aggressive Constructs in Memory

Two experiments tested the hypothesis that violent media make aggressive constructs more accessible to viewers. In Experiment 1, participants made free associations to homonyms, with one meaning more aggressive than the other; and to nonaggressive words after viewing a violent or nonviolent video. Participants who saw the violent video listed more aggressive associations to both types of words. In Experiment 2, participants completed a lexical-decision task after viewing a violent or nonviolent video. Participants pressed one key if a string of letters was an English word, or another key if it was a nonword. Half of the words were aggressive and half were nonaggressive. Participants who saw the violent video had faster reaction times to aggressive words. Videotape content did not influence reaction times to nonaggressive words. These results suggest that violent media prime cognitive-associative networks related to aggression.
GABAergic inhibition shapes frequency tuning and modifies response properties in the superior olivary nucleus of the leopard frog

The role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibition in shaping the excitatory frequency tuning of 74 neurons in the superior olivary nucleus of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, was studied using iontophoretic application of the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline methiodide. For 37 neurons, bicuculline application broadened and/or changed the configuration of the excitatory frequency-tuning curve. Results indicate that GABA-mediated inhibition not only sharpens the tuning curves of neurons but also plays a critical role in creating new frequency tuning properties in the superior olivary nucleus. Bicuculline application affected other neuronal response properties as well. Spontaneous firing rate increased 11–338% for 18 of 59 neurons. For 32 of 58 neurons there was an increase in stimulus-evoked discharge rate and a change in rate-level function. There was no qualitative effect on the discharge pattern of 60 neurons, though 2 tonically responding neurons did show an increase (>30%) in response duration. Additional roles for GABAergic inhibition in monaural signal analysis are discussed.
Configuration and performance of a Beowulf cluster for large-scale scientific simulations

To achieve optimal performance on a Beowulf cluster for large-scale scientific simulations, it's necessary to combine the right numerical method with its efficient implementation to exploit the cluster's critical high-performance components. This process is demonstrated using a simple but prototypical problem of solving a time-dependent partial differential equation. Beowulf clusters in virtually every price range are readily available today for purchase in fully integrated form from a large variety of vendors. At the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), a medium-sized 64-processor cluster with high-performance interconnect and extended disk storage was bought from IBM. The cluster has several critical components, and this article demonstrates their roles using a prototype problem from the numerical solution of time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs). The problem was selected to show how judiciously combining a numerical algorithm and its efficient implementation with the right hardware (in this case, the Beowulf cluster) can achieve parallel computing's two fundamental goals: to solve problems faster and to solve larger problems than we can on a serial computer.