cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION IN GERMANIUM AS AN INDICATOR OF RADIATION DAMAGE

Abstract It is shown that the radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs from a semiconductor can be used as a monitor of minority-carrier lifetime. By observing the change in the radiative signal under electron-bombardment from n- and p-type germanium for a wide range of majority carrier concentrations, it is shown that a single type of recombination center can account for the minority-carrier lifetime. This level is located at either 0·21 eV from the conduction band or 0·28 eV from the valence band, and has a capture probability for minority holes 24 times that for minority electrons. This technique can be used for the study of radiation damage in other semiconductors where electron-hole radiative recombination has been observed. A prime attribute of the method is that changes in minority-carrier lifetime can be detected in material whose initial lifetime can be of the order of 10−10 sec.
Simultaneous induction by anaerobiosis or 2,4-D of multiple enzymes specified by two unlinked genes: Differential Adh1-Adh2 expression in maize

The data of this paper partially define a two-gene, differentially inducible enzyme system in maize. Four major conclusions are drawn. (1) Anaerobic treatment results in the simultaneous expression of two unlinked Adh genes, Adh1 and Adh2. Adh2 is scarcely expressed in the uninduced root and negligibly expressed in the quiescent embryo. (2) The zero-order rate of anaerobic ADH protein induction reflects the zero-order rate of ADH synthesis throughout the induction; all active ADH isozymes display negligible turnover during the induction. (3) The auxin, 2,4-D, overcomes “repression” by air. The aerobic induction rates are also zero-order with negligible turnover for any isozyme. (4) The ratio of Adh1-Adh2 expression is drastically altered dependent on the mode of induction. The level of this differential regulatory phenomenon is before or at the assembly of ADH polypeptides into enzymologically or antigenically active dimers.
The ABCs of HVT: Key Lessons from High Value Targeting Campaigns Against Insurgents and Terrorists

The use of high value targeting (HVT)—using military and police forces to kill or capture leaders of insurgent and terrorist groups—has increased exponentially since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. HVT operations have become the primary tool of the United States for combating Al Qaeda and its affiliates worldwide, and while these operations have eliminated scores of terrorists and insurgents from the battlefield, they haven't always led to strategic success. Utilizing a data set of 20 distinct HVT campaigns dating back to the end of World War II, this article will highlight the positive and negative effects of HVT efforts throughout history and identify six key lessons from past campaigns and their implications for the United States. The body of the paper looks at the important issues inherent to any HVT campaign, including the benefits of having a local force carry out the campaign, the importance of incorporating HVT into a larger counterinsurgency strategy, and the necessity of understandi...
The polarization of knock-on electrons arising from scattering by polarizedμ-mesons

An experiment is proposed for the direct measurement of the helicity ofμ-mesons arising from π decay by studying the polarization of the high energy electrons produced in the collision of the polarized μ-mesons with unpolarized electrons. Polarization effects become significant only for high energy incident μ’s (of the order of a few GeV). The separation of a polarized beam of μ-mesons from the decays in flight of high energy π’s is in principle made easier by the fact that the laboratory momenta of μ-mesons which are emitted in the forward and backward directions in the π rest system differ by about 42% as a consequence of the relativistic transformation from the center of mass to the laboratory system. Expressions in the laboratory frame are also given of the cross section for scattering polarized electrons by polarized μ-mesons. In the C.M. frame, the results agree with those calculated by Bincer.
ROS-GC subfamily membrane guanylate cyclase-linked transduction systems: taste, pineal gland and hippocampus

In the continuous efforts to test the validity of the theme that the Ca2+-modulated ROS-GC subfamily system is a universal transduction component of the sensory and sensory-linked network of neurons, this article focuses on the presence and variant biochemical forms of this transduction system in the gustatory epithelium, the site of gustatory transduction; in the pineal, a light-sensitive gland; and in the hippocampus neurons, linked with the perception of all SENSES.
Surface deformation in volcanic rift zones

Abstract The principal conduits for magma transport within rift zones of basaltic volcanoes are steeply dipping dikes, some of which feed fissure eruptions. Elastic displacements accompanying a single dike emplacement elevate the flanks of the rift relative to a central depression. Concomitant normal faulting may transform the depression into a graben thus accentuating the topographic features of the rift. If eruption occurs the characteristic ridge-trough-ridge displacement profile changes to a single ridge, centered at the fissure, and the erupted lava alters the local topography. A well-developed rift zone owes its structure and topography to the integrated effects of many magmatic rifting events. To investigate this process we compute the elastic displacements and stresses in a homogeneous, two-dimensional half-space driven by a pressurized crack that may breach the surface. A derivative graphical method permits one to estimate the three geometric parameters of the dike (height, inclination, and depth-to-center) and the mechanical parameter (driving pressure/rock stiffness) from a smoothly varying displacement profile. Direct comparison of measured and theoretical profiles may be used to estimate these parameters even if inelastic deformation, notably normal faulting, creates discontinuities in the profile. Geological structures (open cracks, normal faults, buckles, and thrust faults) form because of stresses induced by dike emplacement and fissure eruption. Theoretical stress states associated with dilation of a pressurized crack are used to interpret the distribution and orientation of these structures and their role in rift formation.
Modeling optical phase conjugation of ultrasonically encoded signal utilizing finite-difference time-domain simulations

Optical interrogation of tissue provides high biological specificity and excellent resolution, however strong scattering of light propagating through tissue limits the maximum focal depth of an optical wave, inhibiting the use of light in medical diagnostics and therapeutics. However, turbidity suppression has been demonstrated utilizing phase conjugation with an ultrasound (US) generated guide star. We analyze this technique utilizing a Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulation to propagate an optical wave in a synthetic skin model. The US beam is simulated as perturbing the indicies of refraction proportional to the acoustic pressure for four equally spaced phases. By the Nyquist criterion, this is sufficient to capture DC and the fundamental frequency of the US. The complex optical field at the detector is calculated utilizing the Hilbert transform, conjugated and played back" through the media. The resulting field travels along the same scattering paths and converges upon the US beams focus. The axial and transverse resolution of the system are analyzed and compared to the wavelengths of the optical and US beams.
Safety and Health Hazard Observations in Hmong Farming Operations

Agricultural workers have a high risk of occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. However, there are very few standardized tools available to assess safety and health in agricultural operations. Additionally, there are a number of groups of agricultural workers, including Hmong refugees and immigrants, for which virtually no information on safety and health conditions is available. This study developed an observation-based methodology for systematically evaluating occupational health and safety hazards in agriculture, and pilot-tested this on several small-scale Hmong farming operations. Each observation assessed of range of safety and health hazards (e.g., musculoskeletal hazards, dust and pollen, noise, and mechanical hazards), as well as on factors such as type of work area, presence of personal protective equipment, and weather conditions. Thirty-six observations were collected on nine farms. The most common hazards observed were bending at the back and lifting 50 pounds were also common. The farming activities observed involved almost no power equipment, and no pesticide or chemical handling was observed. The use of personal protective equipment was uncommon. The results of this assessment agreed well with a parallel study of perceived safety and health hazards among Hmong agricultural workers. This study suggests that small-scale Hmong farming operations involve a variety of hazards, and that occupational health interventions may be warranted in this community. The study also demonstrates the utility of standardized assessment tools and mixed-method approaches to hazard evaluation.
Application of a continuous distribution model for proton binding by humic acids extracted from acidic lake sediments

The proton binding characteristics of humic acids extracted from the sediments of Cranberry Pond, an acidic water body located in the Adirondack Mountain region of New York State, were explored by the application of a multiligand distribution model. The model characterizes a class of proton binding sites by mean logK values and the standard deviations of logK values about the mean. Mean logK values and their relative abundances were determined directly from experimental titration data. The model accurately predicts the binding of protons by the humic acids for pH values in the range 3.5 to 10.0.
The effects of sterol structure upon sterol esterification

Cholesterol is esterified in mammals by two enzymes: LCAT (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase) in plasma and ACAT(1) and ACAT(2) (acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferases) in the tissues. We hypothesized that the sterol structure may have significant effects on the outcome of esterification by these enzymes. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed sterol esters in plasma and tissues in patients having non-cholesterol sterols (sitosterolemia and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome). The esterification of a given sterol was defined as the sterol ester percentage of total sterols. The esterification of cholesterol in plasma by LCAT was 67% and in tissues by ACAT was 64%. Esterification of nine sterols (cholesterol, cholestanol, campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, campestanol, sitostanol, 7-dehydrocholesterol and 8-dehydrocholesterol) was examined. The relative esterification (cholesterol being 1.0) of these sterols by the plasma LCAT was 1.00, 0.95, 0.89, 0.40, 0.85, 0.82 and 0.80, 0.69 and 0.82, respectively. The esterification by the tissue ACAT was 1.00, 1.29, 0.75, 0.49, 0.45, 1.21 and 0.74, respectively. The predominant fatty acid of the sterol esters was linoleic acid for LCAT and oleic acid for ACAT. We compared the esterification of two sterols differing by only one functional group (a chemical group attached to sterol nucleus) and were able to quantify the effects of individual functional groups on sterol esterification. The saturation of the A ring of cholesterol increased ester formation by ACAT by 29% and decreased the esterification by LCAT by 5.9%. Esterification by ACAT and LCAT was reduced, respectively, by 25 and 11% by the presence of an additional methyl group on the side chain of cholesterol at the C-24 position. This data supports our hypothesis that the structure of the sterol substrate has a significant effect on its esterification by ACAT or LCAT.
Whose World Is It, Anyway?

Book reviewed in this article: Jessica C. E. Gienow–Hecht, Transmission Impossible: American Journalism as Cultural Diplomacy inPostwar Germany, 1945–1955
Molecular genetic analysis of Drosophila eyes absent mutants reveals an eye enhancer element.

The eyes absent ( eya ) gene is critical for normal eye development in Drosophila and is highly conserved to vertebrates. To define regions of the gene critical for eye function, we have defined the mutations in the four viable eya alleles. Two of these mutations are eye specific and undergo transvection with other mutations in the gene. These were found to be deletion mutations that remove regulatory sequence critical for eye cell expression of the gene. Two other viable alleles cause a reduced eye phenotype and affect the function of the gene in additional tissues, such as the ocelli. These mutations were found to be insertion mutations of different transposable elements within the 5′ UTR of the transcript. Detailed analysis of one of these revealed that the transposable element has become subject to regulation by eye enhancer sequences of the eya gene, disrupting normal expression of EYA in the eye. More extended analysis of the deletion region in the eye-specific alleles indicated that the deleted region defines an enhancer that activates gene expression in eye progenitor cells. This enhancer is responsive to ectopic expression of the eyeless gene. This analysis has defined a critical regulatory region required for proper eye expression of the eya gene.
Tuning near-field thermal radiative properties by quantifying sensitivity of Mie resonance-based metamaterial design parameters

The possibility of engineering near-field thermal radiative properties is investigated by adjusting design parameters of Mie resonance-based metamaterials. The sensitivities of surface polariton resonance frequencies, in both transverse magnetic and transverse electric polarizations, to parameters such as host medium relative permittivity and particle size and spacing (volume filling fraction) is determined. The sensitivity analysis is performed using a design of experiments method in combination with Mie resonance calculations and Clausius–Mossotti mixing relations. Particle size has the greatest effect on the resonance frequencies, while the volume filling fraction has the least. Based on the results from the sensitivity analysis, three metamaterials are selected for further analysis. The physics of these metamaterials is explored by calculating local density of electromagnetic states and surface polariton dispersion relation. As predicted by the sensitivity analysis, the local density of electromagnetic states and dispersion relation calculations show that Mie resonance-based metamaterials can be tuned to exhibit surface polariton resonance in the near-infrared spectrum. Energy density calculations show that surface polariton resonance in the near-infrared can be activated at temperatures as low as 800 K. Finally, a pathway to implementation of these metamaterials into macroscale engineering applications is proposed. Such metamaterials, with near-infrared surface polariton resonance, will significantly impact the development of nanoscale-gap thermophotovoltaic power generators for recycling waste heat into electricity.
ESTIMATES FOR THE BENNEQUIN NUMBER OF LEGENDRIAN LINKS FROM STATE MODELS FOR KNOT POLYNOMIALS

A contact structure in a 3-dimensional manifold is a completely nonintegrable 2-dimensional distribution: if the distribution is the kernel of a (locally defined) 1-form λ then λ∧dλ � 0everywhere. The standard contact structure in 3-space, arising from the identification of R 3 with the space of 1-jets of functions on the line, is given by the contact form λ = dz − yd x; here x is a point on the line, z is the value of a function and y the value of the derivative at x. The same formula defines the standard contact structure in the space of 1-jets of functions on the circle (x being the cyclic coordinate), the space which is topologically the solid torus. In this paper we will be concerned only with these two contact manifolds. In a contact 3-dimensional manifold one considers two classes of knots and links: the transverse and the Legendrian ones. The former are everywhere transverse to the contact distribution, and the latter are everywhere tangent to it. Every topological isotopy class of knots in a contact 3-fold contains a transverse and a Legendrian knot. The main problem of contact knot theory (which has made, so far, only a few first steps) is to classify, up to contact isotopies, transverse and Legendrian knots within each topological isotopy class. In particular, one would like to have specifically contact invariants of transverse and Legendrian knots and links. One such invariant is easily defined. Legendrian and transverse knots in the standard contact space have natural framings given by the vector fields ∂z and ∂y, respectively. The corresponding self-linking number is called the Bennequin number; it is denoted by β(K) where K is a Legendrian or a transverse knot 1 . Similarly one defines the Bennequin number of an oriented Legendrian or transverse link. The study of knots in contact 3-dimensional manifolds was put forward by the seminal paper by D. Bennequin [Be]. One of the main results of this paper
The Strength Model of Self-Control

Self-control is a central function of the self and an important key to success in life. The exertion of self-control appears to depend on a limited resource. Just as a muscle gets tired from exertion, acts of self-control cause short-term impairments (ego depletion) in subsequent self-control, even on unrelated tasks. Research has supported the strength model in the domains of eating, drinking, spending, sexuality, intelligent thought, making choices, and interpersonal behavior. Motivational or framing factors can temporarily block the deleterious effects of being in a state of ego depletion. Blood glucose is an important component of the energy.
NATURAL LANGUAGE INPUT TO A COMPUTER-BASED GLAUCOMA CONSULTATION SYSTEM

A "Front End" for a Computer-Based Glaucoma Consultation System is described. The system views a case as a description of a particular instance of a class of concepts called "structured objects" and builds up a representation of the instance from the sentences in the case. the information required by the consultation system is then extracted and passed on to the consultation system in the appropriately coded form. A core of syntactic, semantic and contextual rules which are applicable to all structured objects is being developed together with a representation of the structured object GLAUCOMA-PATIENT. There is also a facility for adding domain dependent syntax, abbreviations and defaults.
Missed Opportunities and Lost Lives: Consequences of Some Proposed Changes to Regulations on Research with Human Tissues—Letter

Archival collections of paraffin blocks remaining after the diagnosis and treatment of diseases are frequently touted as a “treasure” in the study of human diseases. If so, why are the Department of Health and Human Services and other federal departments and agencies proposing to put this
A unified homing and obstacle avoiding algorithm for autonomous mobile robots

A homing and obstacle avoiding algorithm is described. It takes as its input the current position and heading of a robot-vehicle relative to a desired position and heading and then 'maps' the 'difference' between them directly into actions for the controllers of motion and heading to act on. It includes explicitly, and in a separate phase of the overall computation the kinematic and dynamic constraints of a non-holonomic vehicle. The algorithm has been designed to allow range and bearing information about unmapped obstacles to modify the actions of a robot-vehicle. The authors show some of the obstacle avoiding behaviour. Since the objects are unmapped they could be other moving vehicles. To overcome uncertainty in the actual movement the algorithm continually recomputes the control actions needed to achieve the goal. Thus the algorithm has the potential to be extended to situations where the goal location is changing. >
InSense: Interest-Based Life Logging

Our wearable data collection system lets users collect their experiences into a continually growing and adapting multimedia diary. The system - called inSense - uses the patterns in sensor readings from a camera, microphone, and accelerometers to classify the user's activities and automatically collect multimedia clips when the user is in an "interesting" situation
Differential relationships between chronic hormone profiles in pregnancy and maternal investment in rhesus monkey mothers with hair loss in the neonatal period.

Hair loss is commonly used as an indicator of well being in primate facilities, yet it has been shown to also occur in otherwise healthy pregnant and postpartum females. There is significant variability in the incidence of hair loss during these important developmental periods, reasons for which remain unclear. We studied female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta, n = 47) with and without hair loss in pregnancy/postpartum. We hypothesized that, similar to previously published reports, pregnancy would result in an increased likelihood of hair loss, and that hair loss would be correlated with higher hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs). We further hypothesized that hair loss among pregnant females is related to differential maternal investment. We studied a subset of monkeys (n = 26) from mid-to-late pregnancy through peak lactation, some of which exhibited hair loss in the perinatal period (n = 15), and some of which did not (n = 11). We examined fetal measurements, infant birth weight, infant growth rate, and milk yield volume (MYV) in the first 30 days as indices of investment. We found that pregnant monkeys showed a greater incidence of hair loss across the study year (χ2(2) = 6.55, P = 0.038), and that mothers with hair loss had significantly higher HCCs in pregnancy than those without (F(2,28) = 3.8, P = 0.017, ηp2 = 0.21). HCCs in pregnancy were correlated with severity of hair loss in the neonatal period (r(37) = 0.42, P = 0.008). Moreover, HCCs in pregnancy were positively correlated with infant birth weight (r(12) = 0.56, P = 0.038), infant growth rate (r(12) = 0.64, P = 0.014), and MYV (r(11) = 0.85, P < 0.001) for alopecic but not non-alopecic mothers. These mothers did not differ in fetal measurements, infant birth weight/growth rate, or MYV. Our results suggest that hair loss in some monkeys, especially during the birthing season, may be a signal of greater physiological stress during pregnancy and differential investment by mothers to their offspring. Am. J. Primatol. 79:e22489, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linear Mixture Models for Robust Machine Translation

As larger and more diverse parallel texts become available, how can we leverage heterogeneous data to train robust machine translation systems that achieve good translation quality on various test domains? This challenge has been addressed so far by repurposing techniques developed for domain adaptation, such as linear mixture models which combine estimates learned on homogeneous subdomains. However, learning from large heterogeneous corpora is quite different from standard adaptation tasks with clear domain distinctions. In this paper, we show that linear mixture models can reliably improve translation quality in very heterogeneous training conditions, even if the mixtures do not use any domain knowledge and attempt to learn generic models rather than adapt them to the target domain. This surprising finding opens new perspectives for using mixture models in machine translation beyond clear cut domain adaptation tasks.
Guillain-Barré like syndrome associated with acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia following acute viral hepatitis A

We reported a 43-year-old woman who showed a Guillain-Barre like syndrome associated with acute renal failure (ARF) and thrombocytopenia following acute viral hepatitis A(HA). The clinical feature was acute progressive and of ascending symmetric paraparesis which developed 5 days after gastrointestinal infection. Neurologic examination showed flaccid paraparesis, areflexia in all extremities and limitation on the straight leg raising test. Laboratory examinations showed the evidences of ARF, thrombocytopenia and HA. EMG findings suggested a polyradiculopathy. Renal biopsy showed the findings of acute interstitial nephritis, acute tubular necrosis and IgA deposition nephropathy. She was treated by plasmapheresis and platelet transfusion, then showed a rapid improvement, and has been well without further complication after discharge.
An atraumatic case of extensive Achilles tendon ossification.

Abstract Background Ossification of the Achilles tendon is rare with most cases of ossification or calcification consisting of small, focal lesions. This pathology is usually predisposed by surgery, trauma, or other factors. Case description A case of extensive Achilles ossification and calcification, without prior surgery or trauma, is reported. Following removal of one of the largest ossific masses reported in the literature, measuring 11.0cm×2.5cm×2.0cm with additional 6.5cm calcifications, surgical reconstruction was required. Purpose and clinical relevance The objective of this report was to describe an unusual case of Achilles tendon ossification and calcification that occurred without the presence of predisposing factors. When a large gap is present after removal of the ossification, direct repair may be impossible and V-Y lengthening plus flexor hallucis longus (FHL) transfer is a viable option for pain relief and return to function.
Notes on the Anti-Trust Law Policy

I. Lack of focus in discussion of policy, 73. — Limiting assumptions necessary to achieve focus, 75. — II. Political assumptions stated, indicating probable continuance of general policy, 75. — III. Relative laxity of past enforcement, 78. — Changes of emphasis in discussions of policy, 81. — Continuing importance of problems emphasized in earlier discussions, 82. — IV. Possible changes in substantive law to provide more effective enforcement, 84. — V. Present deficiencies in administration, 89. — Possible improvement of administration, 90. — VI. Methods of making exceptions to anti-trust policy, 93. — Limits upon use of consent decrees, 97. — Legislative approach to exemption of particular industries, 98. — VII. Anti-trust law policy not "archaic," 100. — Does not imply government of narrow powers, 101. — Greater effectiveness possible, 101.
A Hedonic Study of the Effects of Erosion Control and Drainage on Farmland Values

Valuing farmland improvements is important for individual farmers and policy makers. This paper demonstrates the use of a hedonic land value study to determine the value of erosion control and drainage using data from North Carolina. Land values are significantly affected by both potential erosivity and drainage requirements. This study's estimates are compared with estimates derived from a variety of other types of studies.
A general model and SINR analysis of low duty-cycle UWB access through multipath with narrowband interference and rake reception

Interference from coexisting narrowband services is a critical factor affecting performance of ultra-wideband (UWB) radio communications. There is clearly a need to quantify interference and compare UWB systems on that basis. In this paper, we develop a general Rake reception model along with a unifying transmission framework for low duty-cycle UWB multiple access encompassing existing and novel spreading codes, including direct sequence, digital singleand multi-carrier, time-hopping, and combinations of them. Our unifying framework relies on a digital model, which leads to closed-form performance analysis expressions. Different from existing alternatives that require oversampling, our general model is developed directly from the samples of the Rake receiver output and allows for various Rake finger delay selections. Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio analysis and simulations are carried out to assess the relative merits of several UWB systems in the presence of narrowband interference, multipath and additive white Gaussian noise, for both matched-filter and minimum mean square error Rake receivers.
ResourceLog: An Embeddable Tool for Dynamically Monitoring the Usage of Web-Based Bioscience Resources

The present study described an open source application, ResourceLog, that allows website administrators to record and analyze the usage of online resources. The application includes four components: logging, data mining, administrative interface, and back-end database. The logging component is embedded in the host website. It extracts and streamlines information about the Web visitors, the scripts, and dynamic parameters from each page request. The data mining component runs as a set of scheduled tasks that identify visitors of interest, such as those who have heavily used the resources. The identified visitors will be automatically subjected to a voluntary user survey. The usage of the website content can be monitored through the administrative interface and subjected to statistical analyses. As a pilot project, ResourceLog has been implemented in SenseLab, a Web-based neuroscience database system. ResourceLog provides a robust and useful tool to aid system evaluation of a resource-driven Web application, with a focus on determining the effectiveness of data sharing in the field and with the general public.
The development of grammatical competence through synchronous computer-mediated communication

This study examined whether consciousness-raising (C-R) in synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) fosters grammatical development; specifically, development of por/para and ser/estar . In order to determine the efficacy of C-R in SCMC, two groups were analyzed; one group was designated as form-and-meaning focused while the other was meaning-focused. Each group engaged in weekly chats and addressed the same discussion topics. Three pre- and post-tests (Elicited Imitation/Sentence Repetition Testing, Grammaticality Preferences Component, and oral examinations) were administered. It was determined that: (1) there were statistically significant differences on the outcomes of the EI/SRT and GPC post-tests in favor of the FFMF group, (2) the FFMF group produced greater quantities and more accurate quantities of language, (3) the FFMF group demonstrated higher levels of syntactic maturity with statistically significant results, did not employ a default form of the copular verb, and actively engaged in corrective feedback strategies, (4) the FFMF and MF groups performed equally well, statistically, on both the post-test orals and in terms of semantic range but the social dynamic that surfaced in each group were distinct, (5) the MF group did not ignore form but employed ser as a default, (6) the instructor exercised the same feedback practices for both groups. It was concluded that C-R on por/para, ser/estar in SCMC most likely fostered the development of those grammatical features to a greater degree than in chat without specific instructions to focus on form. When held responsible for its own C-R in SCMC, consciousness was raised for the FFMF group but students were unable to limit the scope of their focus to por/para, ser/estar alone. Overt evidence reveals that they did focus on ser/estar but there is no such evidence for por/para. However, the global approach to C-R assumed by the FFMF positively impacted development, por/para included. In terms of the MF group, it is concluded that the lack of focusing on por/para, ser/estar did not impede upon development, and that unintentional focus on form was insufficient to facilitate growth to the same degree as deliberate focus, although the MF participants demonstrated awareness to form in SCMC.
Deformation and Relaxation of Polymers Studied by Ultrarapid Scanning FT-IR Spectrometry

A recently developed ultrarapid scanning Fourier transform infrared (URS-FTIR) spec- trometer has been used to study the irreversible deformation of polymer films with a millisecond time resolution for the first time. The evolution of molecular orientation as a function of draw ratio and relaxation time was studied for films of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) stretched above its glass transition temperature (Tg). Very good agreement was obtained between the results obtained by URS-FTIR and polarization modulation infrared linear dichroism (PM-IRLD) spectrometry. Reversible gauche-to-trans conversions were observed, indicating that the PET chains remain amorphous. The orientation and relaxation of polystyrene (PS) in films of pure PS and of blends of PS with poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) were also studied above Tg. A method allowing the determination of the orientation function of PS using a single p-polarized spectrum is described. Results reveal a significant decrease in PS orientation during the first second following the end of deformation, emphasizing the importance of the experimental time resolution in the characterization of the relaxation behavior of polymers.
Automated Highway Systems Research: The Influence of Pravin Varaiya

This chapter provides a review of the research on design of control systems for automated highway applications that has been conducted at the California PATH Program of the University of California, Berkeley. The primary focus is on the research areas that Pravin Varaiya led directly, particularly while serving as PATH Director from 1994 to 1997. He and the researchers working directly with him made significant contributions to the definition of control strategies for coordinating maneuvers of neighboring vehicles and for managing the flows of vehicles along network links, while also developing the hybrid system modeling and simulation tools needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies.
Television and depression.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of mood and depressive symptoms with both the amount and type of television programming viewed. This study was also concerned with learning whether members of different genders and age groups are more or less likely to exhibit correlations between positive or negative mood and certain amounts and types of programs watched. The study addressed the following research questions: Question 1: What is the relationship between mood and amount of television viewing time? Question 2: What is the relationship between mood/depression and different types of programming, and is the same relationship exhibited across different age groups and genders? Participants completed questionnaires containing questions concerning their physical activity, depressive symptoms, daily mood ratings, and daily television viewing records. There were no significant relationships found between daily negative affect and daily viewing or between increased time watching each category of programming and higher rates of depressive symptoms. However, significant positive correlations were found between time spent watching television and positive mood for days 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7. Age, sex, television watching, and physical activity were not found to significantly predict levels of depressive symptoms. While it is impossible to determine causation from the present study, these findings lend partial support to the idea that television viewing could serve the purpose of coping with negative moods.
Early impact of American College of Surgeons-verification at a level-1 pediatric trauma center.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the early impact of American College of Surgeons (ACS)-level-1 verification at an established pediatric trauma center. Methods Following IRB approval, we conducted a retrospective review of all trauma patients treated at a level-1 state-designated pediatric trauma center, comparing 2years before (2009–2010) and 2years after ACS-verification (mid-2012–mid-2014). Statistical significance was defined as p Results Before verification, 2105 trauma patients were admitted to our institution compared to 2248 patients admitted after ACS-verification. Overall, there were no differences in mean age or injury severity score (ISS). Hospital and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay (LOS), ventilator days, and mortality were also unchanged. Through incorporation of clinical pathways, the number of PICU admissions decreased significantly from 17.2% to 13.7%. Morbidity in the form of hospital-acquired conditions (HACS) also decreased following verification, most notably through reduction in pneumonias. Decubitus ulcers and nosocomial infections reached their nadir by 2014. Hospital readmission rates also decreased. Conclusions ACS-verification at a level-1 pediatric trauma center is associated with an immediate benefit to patient outcomes. Enhanced tracking and institutional policy changes resulted in fewer HACS. Further cost–saving and improved outcomes because of ACS-verification may be amplified over time.
Arboviruses and the central nervous system

Arboviruses cause encephalitis by infecting neurons of the host. Virus infection per se may cause death or dysfunction of neurons. The severity of the virus effect is dependent on the virulence of the virus and the maturity of the infected neuron. Neurons do not directly interact with T cells since they do not express MHC class I or class II antigens in vivo. Other cells such as microglia and perivascular macrophages probably present viral antigen to activated T cells coming to the brain from lymphoid organs. Infection elicits a local immune response that is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration and local production of cytokines and antiviral antibody. The cytokines are primarily characteristic of type 2 T cells providing B cell help and macrophage deactivation. Control of virus replication is effected by antibody which does not eliminate infected cells. Therefore, viral RNA persists in the CNS, requiring continuous intraparenchymal production of antiviral antibody.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of acyl naphthylamines.

ConclusionsAn enzyme, hydrolyzing acyl naphthylamines, can be demonstrated in a number of tissues and in serum. Chloroacetyl naphthylamines are hydrolyzed at a much higher rate than the corresponding acetyl compounds. It is possible to localize the enzyme histochemically in some tissues.
Photosystem I in Langmuir-Blodgett and Langmuir-Schaefer monolayers.

Photosystem I (PSI) is a membrane protein complex that generates photoinduced electrons and transfers them across the thylakoid membrane during photosynthesis. The PSI complex, separated from spinach leaves, was spread onto the air–water interface as a monolayer and transferred onto a gold electrode surface that was precoated with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The electrochemical properties of the transferred PSI monolayer, including cyclic voltammetry and photoinduced chronoamperometry, were measured. The results showed that PSI retained its bioactivity after the manipulation. Its capability of converting photoenergy into electrical potential was demonstrated by its reducing an electron acceptor, dichloroindophenol (DCIP), and by oxidizing an electron donor, sodium ascorbate (ASC). We have shown that the protein has two possible orientations at the water interface. The orientation distribution was determined by comparing the controlled reductive and oxidative photocurrents generated from Langmuir–Blo...
Relationships among Tests of the Pennsylvania Teacher Certification Testing Program Core Battery

The Pennsylvania Teacher Certification Testing Program (PTCTP) Core Battery (Educational Testing Service, 1987) consists of three Basic Skills tests-Reading, Writing, and Mathematics-and tests of General Knowledge and Professional Knowledge. The purpose of this study was to estimate the correlations among scores on the various tests of this battery to assess whecher certain scores were useful as predictors of others. The data were obtained from 244 female students enrolled as undergraduates in a small suburban private college in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Tests of the battery were completed between June 1987 and November
Zhao Shuli's Bidirectional Folk Position and Its Realistic Particularity

Zhao Shuli's particular folk position not only utilizes the popular way to begin the literary modernistic en- lightenment on the political ideology from"upper class"to"lower class",but also refers to his standing on folk position to declare his opinions on national ideology from"lower class"to"upper class"for the peasants who don t have the right to speak out.It's just his particular identity between"upper"and"lower"classes that makes his fiction contain the close relation with"internal audience"and its own originality that exceeds the folk artistic forms;furthermore,it always keeps the realistic originality that makes his works increasingly utter cacophony in the establishing course of contemporary literature criterion.
Experimental Models for the Study of Hypertension

In the second article of the new series on hypertension, the focus is on what has been learned through use of animal models produced by various means: clamping one or both renal arteries, salt-loading, inbreeding of susceptible strains, and other techniques. While the findings are far from conclusive, it has become clear that even if some extrarenal factor initiates hypertension, the kidney plays a pivotal role in its persistence.
Effects of prenatal cocaine on the ventilatory response to hypoxia in newborn rabbits

Recently, investigators have reported an alteration of postnatal respiratory pattern, deficient hypoxic arousal from sleep, and an increased incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) among human infants exposed to cocaine prenatally, thus suggesting that prenatal cocaine exposure may perturb the maturation of respiratory control thereby increasing the risk for SIDS. To investigate the effects of prenatal cocaine on postnatal respiration, we evaluated the ventilatory response to 0.21 FIO2 (baseline) and at 0.15, 0.10, and 0.08 FIO2 by the barometric method on days 4-5 of life in 23 New Zealand White rabbit pups born to cocaine-exposed (30 mg/kg/day of cocaine HCl by continuous subcutaneous infusion), pair-fed and free-fed does. The chamber pressure deflection (proportional to VT after appropriate calculation) was computer-sampled at 200 Hz when the unanesthetized pups were resting quietly with no gross body movements. Recording was made after 10 min acclimatization to a specific FIO2. We found that baseline ventilation did not differ significantly among study groups. However, minute ventilation (VI), inspiratory flow (VT/TI), tidal volume (VT), increased significantly with hypoxia to peak values at 0.08 FIO2 in pair-fed and free-fed pups but these measurements did not increase significantly in cocaine-exposed pups. Our finding of a deficient second phase of the hypoxic ventilatory response among cocaine-exposed pups supports the hypothesis that prenatal cocaine perturbs the maturation of respiratory control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CHAPTER 20 – Physiology of Calcium and Phosphate Homeostases

Calcium and phosphate play prominent roles in the regulation of cell function. Calcium and phosphate homeostasis are controlled by bidirectional calcium and phosphate fluxes, occurring at the levels of intestine, bone, and kidney. The latter organ plays a central role in regulating the extracellular concentration of either ion. Sensitive and efficient regulatory mechanisms, involving extracellular calcium sensing, are triggered by changes in calcium demand or supply. Similarly, the renal handling of phosphate can adjust its capacity to meet the need for phosphate of the organism. Not only calciotropic peptides or steroid hormones are capable of modifying the different calcium and phosphate fluxes to various extents, but also a variety of local factors are implicated in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homostasis, to protect the organism against a deficiency or an overload. Finally, by directly influencing renal tubular calcium and phosphate transports, or by releasing calcium from intracellular stores, calcium itself plays the role of an effector on homostatic mechanisms.
Response to treatment and adverse events associated with use of recombinant activated factor VII in children: a retrospective cohort study.

Background:Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for patients with hemophilia with inhibitors or congenital factor VII deficien...
Influence of functionalized side chains of polythiophene diblock copolymers on the performance of CdSe quantum dot hybrid solar cells

The incorporation of functional groups into the side chains of polythiophenes can improve the phase separation of polymer : nanoparticle hybrid solar cells (HSCs). Our results showed that by introducing 17 mol% thiol functionality in the polymer, the Jsc and Voc can be increased by twofold in polymer : CdSe quantum dot (QD) HSCs.
Erdheim Chester Disease: Report of a Case Limited to the Central Nervous System (P6.151)

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of Erdheim Chester disease (ECD) confined to the central nervous system (CNS). BACKGROUND: ECD is a rare multisystemic histiocytic disease diagnosed by tissue biopsy. While skeletal and multiorgan manifestations are often present, rare cases of isolated CNS involvement were reported. DESIGN/METHODS: Case report RESULTS: A 53-year old man with a family history of lymphoma presented with a 6-year history of intermittent neurological symptoms. Enhanced MRI of the brain and spinal cord demonstrated extensive white matter lesions in the brain and spine and an impressive brainstem involvement. He had an avid enhancement in the brainstem. Patient had an extensive workup by the oncologist for possible lymphoma and including 3 CSF studies without inflammatory changes or abnormal cytology, a bone marrow and a brain biopsy while on dexamethasone. Brain biopsy demonstrated a lymphophistiocytic infiltrate and demyelination. A second brain biopsy off steroids lead to similar findings. He was treated with plasmapheresis, repeated courses of steroids and single dose of natalizumab following which he worsened. Due to his atypical response to conventional MS treatments, he had a 3rd brain biopsy with similar findings. He was then treated with pulse cyclophosphamide for 5 months without benefit followed by a myeloablative dose of cyclophosphamide with mild improvement on his MRI. Further workup was done for the possibility of Alexander’s, Whipple’s and EC diseases without supportive evidence for any. Clinically the patient continued to deteriorate and became bed bound. He was switched to hospice care and expired 4 years later. Brain and spinal cord autopsy confirmed ECD confined to the CNS. CONCLUSIONS: The full workup for this patient including CSF studies, MRI brain and spinal cord brain biopsies and CNS autopsy will be presented in this poster. This case presents the challenges in diagnosing a rare disease that mimics demyelination. Disclosure: Dr. Arcot Jayagopal has nothing to disclose. Dr. McComb has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koepsell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mudugal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Healey has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Neuroscience. Dr. Bierman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Summers has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jouvenat has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Neuroscience. Dr. Zabad has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Neuroscience, Biogen Idec, Serono, Inc. and Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation.