cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An analytical assessment of measurement uncertainty in precision inspection and machine calibration

Dimensional inspection is commonly used to scrutinize the quality of manufactured products against the established standards and specifications. Meanwhile, dimensional measurement of an artifact is also commonly used as one of the methods for machine-performance calibration. However, the quality and reliability of many inspection and measurement processes are often contaminated by various uncertainties. Two prominent sources for measurement uncertainties are: (a) the imperfection of a measuring device, and (b) the dimensional deviation and geometric characteristics of a measured feature. Usually, the effects of both types of uncertainty are compounded by one another. To ensure the quality and reliability of any inspection process, measurement uncertainty needs to be addressed for all data acquisition activities. A method is also needed to identify and decouple the effect of compounded uncertainties. If this can be done, then the data collected can be properly adjusted and a more meaningful analysis result can be drawn. In this paper, the issues of uncertainty identification for machine calibration and dimension measurement using artifacts with various geometric features are discussed. Analytical models are derived first to identify and then decouple the compounded effect of both types of uncertainties. Finally, case studies are used to illustrate the procedures for both identifying and decoupling the compounded effect of the measurement uncertainties.
Margaret Mead's View of Sex Roles in Her Own and Other Societies

IN HER WRITING ON SEX ROLES, Margaret Mead presented scholarly detail for a broad public audience. She captured the emotional texture of maleness and femaleness in other cultures and transmitted her empathy for the mother holding the small baby in her arms. She was also adept at describing the awe of the small human growing up in a two-bodied world, wondering what the two kinds of humans are really for. Her faithfulness to her own and to others' inner feelings presents a model of the concerned and psychologically aware scholar. In addition, Mead was not afraid to admit that she sometimes wrote from the point of view of woman and mother. In Sex and Temperament, published in 1935, Mead demonstrated the enormous variability in cultural definitions of maleness and femaleness. In Male and Female, published in 1949, she argued that cultural variability in sex roles was founded on "primary sex differences" conditioned by the reproductive functions and anatomical differences between the sexes. The tension between cultural and biological explanations for sex-role differences is evident in both books, with the weight on the cultural explanation in Sex and Temperament, and on the biological and psychological point of view in Male and Female. The manner in which she treated the interaction between biology and culture in Sex and Temperament was unparalleled for someone writing on a subject historically fraught with so much waffling in Western thought. The complexity of her approach greatly confused reviewers, who wanted her to decide once and for all whether it was either-or. Commenting on this issue in the preface to the 1950 edition to Sex and Temperament, she said:
Stability analysis of toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes in TFTR deuterium-tritium experiments.

The toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAE) are found to be stable in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) deuterium-tritium plasmas. The dominant stabilizing mechanisms are beam ion Landau damping and radiative damping. A core localized TAE mode is shown to exist near the center of the plasma at small magnetic shear and finite plasma beta, which can be destabilized by energetic alpha particles in future TFTR DT experiments. With additional instability drive from fast minority ions powered by ion cyclotron radio frequency, both the global and core localized TAE modes can be readily destabilized.
Regional coherence and the transfer of ictal activity during seizure onset in the medial temporal lobe.

Abstract Epileptiform activity requires that large aggregates of neurons act synchronously. The process of neuronal synchronization during seizure onset was studied in the human medial temporal lobe by measuring the coherence of EEG activity. Records were obtained from 10 consecutive patients with hippocampal depth electrodes being evaluated for possible resective surgery. Coherence and phase spectra were calculated from all possible pairs of contacts in the medial temporal lobe of seizure onset using the method of Gotman applied to successive 6.4 sec epochs. Signals derived from adjacent contacts within definable brain regions were coherent during both the preictal and ictal period. Transitions in the level of coherence were measured between contacts presumed to span the boundaries of these regions. Time delays were measured eaily in the development of the seizure discharge but were not sustained. These time delays spanned the borders of regions of differing coherence, especially in the posterior hippocampus, and were interpreted to represent a transient increase in the functional linkage between structural elements. We conclude that the process of neuronal entrainment during seizure onset involves a transient interaction between brain regions but the maintenance of this interaction is not required for sustained seizure activity.
Safety Net Research in Emergency Medicine Proceedings of the Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference on “The Unraveling Safety Net”

A primary goal of the Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference, "The Unraveling Safety Net: Research Opportunities and Priorities," was to explore a formal research agenda for safety net research in emergency medicine. This paper represents the thoughts of active health services researchers regarding the structure and direction of such work, including some examples from their own research. The current system for safety net care is described, and the emergency department is conceptualized as a window on safety net patients and systems, uniquely positioned to help study and coordinate integrated processes of care.
Egg Removal by Brown-Headed Cowbirds: A Field Test of the Host Incubation Efficiency Hypothesis

Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) often remove host eggs, usually to the detriment of the host's reproductive success. We tested the hypothesis that host egg size and number influence the incubation efficiency of a parasitic egg. A single House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) or Brown-headed Cowbird egg was placed in each host nest (addition), and in some nests a host egg was removed as well (addition/removal). Hatching success and incubation length were measured to determine whether host-egg removal conferred an advantage in incubation efficiency compared to simple addition of a parasitic egg. Red­ winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and Chipping Sparrows (Spizella passerina) served as medium-sized and small-sized host species, respectively. In Red-winged Blackbird nests, host-egg removal produced smaller clutches, and parasitic eggs had shorter incubation lengths in smaller clutches. However, the parasitic egg's incubation length and probability of hatching did not differ between the addition and addition/removal treatments. Parasitic eggs in Chipping Sparrow nests had shorter incubation periods than in blackbird nests and frequently caused the inefficient incubation of host eggs. Egg removal again did not reduce incubation lengths or increase hatchability of parasitic eggs. Thus, we found little support for the incubation efficiency hypothesis to explain host-egg removal by Brown-headed Cow­ birds.
“Acute scrotum” in Henoch-schönlein syndrome

Two patients with Henoch-Schonlein syndrome presented with clinical pictures mimicking testicular torsion. No evidence of testicular torsion was found. A review of the literature revealed that testis torsion is very rarely associated with testicular involvement in Henoch-Schonlein syndrome, and hence only rarely is surgical exploration required.
Ethanol Differentially Regulates Proadrenocorticotropin/Endorphin Production and Corticosterone Secretion in LS and SS Lines of Mice

The stimulatory effects of ethanol administration on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were investigated in the long sleep (LS) and short sleep SS) lines of mice, selectively bred for differences in sensitivity to ethanol. To characterize the effects of ethanol exposure on levels of anterior pituitary pro-ACTH/endorphin mRNA, animals were treated with ethanol for either 4 or 7 days. Northern analyses of total RNA extracted from anterior pituitary indicated that ethanol-treated SS mice had 1.5-fold higher pro-ACTH/endorphin mRNA levels on day 4 and 2.5-fold higher mRNA levels on day 7 than SS control mice. Although ethanol-treated LS mice had 4-fold higher pro-ACTH/endorphin mRNA levels on day 4 compared to those in control LS mice, by day 7 pro- ACTH/endorphin mRNA levels in ethanol-treated LS mice were 40% less than LS control levels. Quantitation of pro-ACTH/ endorphin-related peptide biosynthesis was determined by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophor...
The Context of Uncertainty Modulates the Subcortical Response to Predictability

Implicit motor learning tasks typically involve comparisons of subject responses during a sequence versus a random condition. In neuroimaging, brain regions that are correlated with a sequence are described, but the temporal relationship of sequence versus nonsequence conditions is often not explored. We present a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study describing activation related to sequential predictability in an implicit sensorimotor learning task and the history (context) dependence of these effects. Participants regarded four squares displayed horizontally across a screen and pressed a button when any one of the four targets was illuminated in a particular color. A repeating spatial sequence with varying levels of predictability was embedded within a random color presentation. Both the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (R DLPFC) and right caudate displayed a positive correlation to increasing predictability, whereas the left posterior parietal cortex (L PPC) displayed a negative correlation. However, the activation changes within the caudate were significant when transitioning from high predictability to low predictability but not for the reverse case, suggesting a sensitivity not only to predictability but to order effects as well. These results support the hypothesized relationship between basal ganglia and visuomotor sequential learning, but demonstrate the importance of context upon sequence learning.
Signaling and Transcription in T Helper Development

The recognition of polarized T cell subsets defined by cytokine production was followed by a search to define the factors controlling this phenomenon. Suitable in vitro systems allowed the development of cytokine "recipes" that induced rapid polarization of naive T cells into Th1 or Th2 populations. The next phase of work over the past several years has begun to define the intracellular processes set into motion during Th1/Th2 development, particularly by the strongly polarizing cytokines IL-12 and IL-4. Although somewhat incomplete, what has emerged is a richly detailed tapestry of signaling and transcription, controlling an important T cell developmental switch. In addition several new mediators of control have emerged, including IL-18, the intriguing Th2-selective T1/ST2 product, and heterogeneity in dendritic cells capable of directing cytokine-independent Th development.
Race as a moderator in a model of sexual harassment: An empirical test.

L. F. Fitzgerald, C. L. Hulin, and F. Drasgow (1995) proposed that victim characteristics, such as race, might moderate the relationships between sexual harassment and its job, psychological, and health status outcomes. This study describes 2 theoretical positions, tokenism and double jeopardy, that could account for this possible moderation by race, as well as the alternative view that no moderating effects exist. The effects of race are empirically examined through simultaneous path analysis. Results indicate that whereas mean levels of harassment differ across race, the phenomenon of sexual harassment unfolds similarly across races; race is not a moderator of the relationships between sexual harassment and the variables proposed as its antecedents and outcomes.
Differentiation plasticity regulated by TGF-β family proteins in development and disease

During development, stem and progenitor cells gradually commit to differentiation pathways. Cell fate decisions are regulated by differentiation factors, which activate transcription programmes that specify lineage and differentiation status. Among these factors, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family is important in both lineage selection and progression of differentiation of most, if not all, cell and tissue types. There is now increasing evidence that TGF-β family proteins have the ability to redirect the differentiation of cells that either have fully differentiated or have engaged in differentiation along a particular lineage, and can thereby elicit 'transdifferentiation'. This capacity for cellular plasticity is critical for normal embryonic development, but when recapitulated in the adult it can give rise to, or contribute to, a variety of diseases. This is illustrated by the ability of TGF-β family members to redirect epithelial cells into mesenchymal differentiation and to cause switching of mesenchymal cells from one lineage to another. Hence, various pathologies in adults may be considered diseases of abnormal development and differentiation.
Metabolic regulation of Irp gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12

Expression of the Irp gene is regulated in part by the nutrients available to the cell, and is decreased in rich medium, in glucose minimal media enriched with amino acids, and in minimal medium with alternative carbon sources, such as acetate and succinate. When Lrp production is increased in a given medium, expression of its target genes is also increased. However, when the medium is changed from glucose to acetate, the response of the target genes is governed by many factors.
The Legs for Life Screening for Peripheral Vascular Disease: Compliance with Physician Recommendations in Moderate-and High-Risk Assessed Patients

PURPOSE To determine compliance within a community with recommendations made by physicians during the 1999 Legs for Life National Screening for Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) and Leg Pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were initially screened for PVD by completion of the Legs for Life risk factor questionnaire and determination of bilateral ankle/brachial indexes (ABIs). Each patient subsequently met with an interventional radiologist or vascular surgeon. Patients with normal ABIs (>1.0 bilaterally) or mildly abnormal ABI(s) ( 0.90) were classified at no and low risk for PVD, respectively; patients with ABI(s) of 0.70–0.89 were classified at moderate risk for PVD; and patients with ABI(s) RESULTS A total of 205 patients were screened for PVD, 48 (23%) of whom were determined to be at moderate to high risk. Forty-four (92%) patients were available for follow-up. At 7 months after screening, 31 (70%) patients had received no further medical advice or treatment. Thirteen (30%) of these patients had completed a follow-up appointment, but only three with a physician specializing in peripheral vascular disease. None of the patients had clinical follow-up with an interventional radiologist. Five (11%) patients had undergone noninvasive Doppler evaluation and one (2%) had undergone diagnostic arteriography. No patient had undergone any form of percutaneous or surgical intervention. CONCLUSION Patient compliance with physician recommendations after outpatient screening for PVD is low. The Legs for Life screening program could be considered successful in that it provides for patient education and the identification of moderate to high-risk patients. Physicians participating in this program may have to modify their approach to patient screening and follow-up if a concomitant goal is to deliver specialty care.
Point and Extended Defect Interactions in Silicon

Transient Enhanced Diffusion (TED) is one of the biggest modeling challenges present in predicting scaled technologies. Damage from implantation of dopant ions changes the diffusivities of the dopants and precipitates to form complex extended defects. Developing a quantitative model for the defect behavior during short time, low temperature anneals is a key to explaining TED. The surface can play a defining role in the removal of point defects from the bulk, but there is a lot of controversy over the role and strength of the surface sink for point defects. The controversy will be reviewed, and new experimental results will be presented that investigate the role of the surface on TED.
A preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of divalproex sodium in Borderline Personality disorder

Background Borderline personality disorder is characterized by affective instability, impulsivity, and aggression and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Since anticonvulsant agents may be helpful in such symptomatology, we compared divalproex sodium with placebo in patients with borderline personality disorder. Method A 10-week, parallel, double-blind design was conducted. Sixteen outpatients meeting Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders criteria for borderline personality disorder were randomly assigned to receive placebo (N = 4) or divalproex sodium (N = 12). Change was assessed in global symptom severity (Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement Scale [CGI-I]) and functioning (Global Assessment Scale [GAS]) as well as in specific core symptoms (depression, aggression, irritability, and suicidality). Results There was significant improvement from baseline in both global measures (CGI-I and GAS) following divalproex sodium treatment. A high dropout rate precluded finding significant differences between the treatment groups in the intent-to-treat analyses, although all results were in the predicted direction. Conclusion Treatment with divalproex sodium may be more effective than placebo for global symptomatology, level of functioning, aggression, and depression. Controlled trials with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm these preliminary results.
Decays of the X(3872) into J/ψ and light hadrons

If the $X(3872)$ is a loosely bound molecule of the charm mesons ${D}^{0}{\overline{D}}^{*0}$ and ${D}^{*0}{\overline{D}}^{0}$, it can decay through the decay of a constituent in a hadronic channel with a nearby threshold, such as $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\omega}$ or $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rho}$. The differential decay rates of the $X$ into $J/\ensuremath{\psi}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, $J/\ensuremath{\psi}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$, $J/\ensuremath{\psi}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, and $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ are calculated in terms of $XJ/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $XJ/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\omega}$ coupling constants using an effective Lagrangian that reproduces the decay rates of the $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and the $\ensuremath{\rho}$. The dependence of the coupling constants on the binding energy and the total width of the $X$ is determined by a factorization formula. Results from a model by Swanson are used to predict the partial width of $X$ into $J/\ensuremath{\psi}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ as a function of the binding energy and the total width of the $X$.
Assessment, Technology, and Change

Despite three decades of advances in information and communications technology (ICT) and a generation of research on cognition and new pedagogical strategies, the field of assessment has not progressed much beyond paper-andpencil item-based tests. Research has shown these instruments are not valid measures of sophisticated intellectual performances. Simply using technology to deliver automated versions of item-based tests does not realize the full power of ICT to innovate in assessment via providing rich experiences that enable observing and analyzing student performances. To illustrate this approach, we describe our early research on using immersive technologies to develop virtual performance assessments. (Keywords: Assessment, technology, virtual worlds, science inquiry)
Side Chains That Influence Fidelity at the Polymerase Active Site of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase I (Klenow Fragment)

To investigate the interactions that determine DNA polymerase accuracy, we have measured the fidelity of 26 mutants with amino acid substitutions in the polymerase domain of a 3*-5*-exonuclease-deficient Klenow fragment. Most of these mutant polymerases synthesized DNA with an apparent fidelity similar to that of the wild-type control, suggesting that fidelity at the polymerase active site depends on highly specific enzymesubstrate interactions and is not easily perturbed. In addition to the previously studied Y766A mutator, four novel base substitution mutators were identified; they are R668A, R682A, E710A, and N845A. Each of these five mutator alleles results from substitution of a highly conserved amino acid side chain located on the exposed surface of the polymerase cleft near the polymerase active site. Analysis of base substitution errors at four template positions indicated that each of the five mutator polymerases has its own characteristic error specificity, suggesting that the Arg-668, Arg-682, Glu710, Tyr-766, and Asn-845 side chains may contribute to polymerase fidelity in a variety of different ways. We separated the contributions of the nucleotide insertion and mismatch extension steps by using a novel fidelity assay that scores base substitution errors during synthesis to fill a single nucleotide gap (and hence does not require mismatch extension) and by measuring the rates of polymerase-catalyzed mismatch extension reactions. The R682A, E710A, Y766A, and N845A mutations cause decreased fidelity at the nucleotide insertion step, whereas R668A results in lower fidelity in both nucleotide insertion and mismatch extension. Relative to wild type, several Klenow fragment mutants showed substantially more discrimination against extension of a TzG mismatch under the conditions of the fidelity assay, providing one explanation for the anti-mutator phenotypes of mutants such as R754A and Q849A.
The crystal structure of human GlnRS provides basis for the development of neurological disorders

Cytosolic glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) is the singular enzyme responsible for translation of glutamine codons. Compound heterozygous mutations in GlnRS cause severe brain disorders by a poorly understood mechanism. Herein, we present crystal structures of the wild type and two pathological mutants of human GlnRS, which reveal, for the first time, the domain organization of the intact enzyme and the structure of the functionally important N-terminal domain (NTD). Pathological mutations mapping in the NTD alter the domain structure, and decrease catalytic activity and stability of GlnRS, whereas missense mutations in the catalytic domain induce misfolding of the enzyme. Our results suggest that the reduced catalytic efficiency and a propensity of GlnRS mutants to misfold trigger the disease development. This report broadens the spectrum of brain pathologies elicited by protein misfolding and provides a paradigm for understanding the role of mutations in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in neurological diseases.
Energy storage materials with oxide-encapsulated inclusions of low melting metal

Abstract A composite energy storage material (ESM) with inclusions of a low-melting point metal encapsulated in protective metal oxide shells is prepared and characterized. ESM precursor is a metal matrix composite with metal oxide inclusions. Controlled redox reaction between the matrix and inclusions yields a composite with inclusions of an oxide encapsulated, easy to melt metal. Al/Bi2O3 nanocomposite thermites served as precursors for ESM with Al matrix and Bi inclusions encapsulated with Al2O3. Thermal and mechanical properties of the ESM were compared to those of reference binary Al/Bi and ternary Al/Bi/Al2O3 materials. The material containing encapsulated Bi inclusions stored energy by melting and solidifying Bi inclusions repeatedly. The inclusions did not drift upon heating; composite structure remained largely intact upon thermal cycling. Conversely, the structure of reference materials with similar compositions but without encapsulated Bi inclusions was not preserved upon thermal cycling. Molten Bi tended to separate from Al and form coarse network of inclusions. Upon cycling, Bi accumulated on surface of the material. Difference in mobility between encapsulated and non-encapsulated Bi inclusions caused differences in the mechanical properties of the composites. Materials with encapsulated Bi inclusions were much stronger and capable of retaining their structure and strength despite thermal cycling.
Case managers and the use of Medicare, Part D.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences and opinions of community-based mental health case managers with the Medicare prescription drug benefit. A qualitative approach, consisting of analysis of data from 3 case manager focus groups, was used to achieve an understanding of the role that case managers played in beneficiaries' access to and use of prescription medicines. PRIMARY PRACTICE SETTINGS Two urban nonprofit community-based mental health agencies. FINDINGS/CONCLUSIONS Adults who are disabled by mental illness depend on case managers for information about their prescription drug insurance, help with formulary and plan switching information, and assistance with tasks related to medication adherence in the community. Common themes in the case managers' discussion were managing beneficiary problems, stress for beneficiaries, information and paperwork issues, and cynicism regarding health care reform. IMPLICATIONS FOR CASE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE The critical role of case managers in the use of Medicare Part D is not well understood or appreciated. Case managers need to be informed about Medicare Part D and ready to advocate for their clients in the community. In addition, it is important for case managers to understand how Medicare Part D affects not only older adults, but also adults living with serious and persistent mental illness.
Condition Assessment of Buildings

There are many different types of structural condition assessments of buildings, depending on the circumstances and the objective of the client. The assessments can vary widely in terms of their scope, the level of detail and their comprehensiveness. However, some types of inspections are reoccurring. This paper presents the most common types of structural condition assessments that are performed on buildings or on portions of buildings. It includes the purposes of the assessments, common problems, methodologies, and strategies for performing a high quality assessment. The principles presented apply to all types of buildings, including steel construction, reinforced concrete, high-rises, and industrial facilities. As a case study, the application of these principles to the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center following the 9/11 attack are presented.
Prevention and Modification of Measles with Concentrated Pooled Ascites Fluid and with Its Globulin Fraction.

SummaryMeasles-protecting substances have been found in pooled ascites fluid and its globulin fraction in sufficient quantities to be of practical value. The efficiency in measles prophylaxis of 2 concentrates of pooled ascites fluid and of a globulin fraction was found proportional to the globulin content of each preparation.
Improvement of adhesive strength at a bi-material interface by adjusting the interface angles at the free edge

Abstract In the bonding of dissimilar materials, there is usually a stress singularity at the edge surface whose effects cause failure at the surface, resulting in a premature failure of the joint. In this work, the corresponding generalized stress intensity factor (GSIF) for an aluminum–epoxy joint is studied to determine the angles for which the stress singularity at the edge disappears. Experimental results are gathered for three different edge angles: a “concave” angle of 37° and a butt joint with 90°, both associated with interface stress singularities, and a “convex” angle of 143° that from theory is singularity free. It is demonstrated that the joint strength can be greatly improved by avoiding stress singularities through the selection of the proper edge angle, still preserving the external surfaces of the cylindrical samples. Testing with a larger diameter rod joint for the convex angle geometry shows the same nominal fracture strength, indicating that the measured strength is a material property independent of size when the stress singularity is absent.
Performance Research of the Lung CT Manifestations of Children with Pneumonia

Objective To explore the lung CT manifestations of children with mycoplasma pneumonia. Methods The clinical data of 80 cases of children with mycoplasma pneumonia admitted in our hospital from October, 2011 to October, 2013 were studied retrospectively. The distribution and morphology of pulmonary lesions of the children in lung CT were analyzed. Results Of the 80 children with mycoplasma pneumonia, there were 46 cases of unilateral abnormalities, 34 cases of bilateral abnormalities, 21 cases of abnormalities in left upper lobes, 26 cases of abnormalities in left lower lobes, 23 cases of abnormalities in right upper lobes, 15 cases of abnormalities in right middle upper lobes, 27 cases of abnormalities in right lower lobes. The appearance of nidus included 66 cases of large patchy shadow, 27 cases of lung marking increase, 31 cases of mottling consolidation, 16 cases of funicular shadow, 12 cases of ground-glass opacity, 62 cases of bronchial wall thickening,13 cases of pulmonary consolidation, 8 cases of hilus pulmonis or mediastinum lymph nodes enlargement, 9 cases of pleural effusion,2 cases of cavity. Conclusion The unilateral lung disease is more common and the large patchy shadow or pulmonary consolidation, bronchial wall thickening are the characteristic lung CT image.
Intraoral reconstructive techniques

A number of reconstructive options are possible for the patient afflicted with an intraoral malignancy. The reconstructive technique used depends on the stage of the disease and the extent of the soft- and hard-tissue defects formed following extirpation. If local tissues are not available for reconstruction, the surgeon must look to more distant sites in choosing a reconstructive procedure. Microsurgical transfer of composite tissues has allowed surgeons a high degree of success in effecting immediate one- stage closure of complex three-dimensional wounds.
Group Sequential Survival Trial Design and Monitoring Using the Log-Rank Test.

ABSTRACTFor randomized group sequential survival trial designs with unbalanced treatment allocation, the widely used Schoenfeld formula is inaccurate, and the commonly used information time as the ratio of number of events at interim look to the number of events at the end of trial can be biased. In this article, a sample size formula for the two-sample log-rank test under the proportional hazards model is proposed that provides more accurate sample size calculation for unbalanced survival trial designs. Furthermore, a new information time is introduced for the sequential survival trials such that the new information time is more accurate than the traditional information time when the allocation of enrollments is unbalanced in groups. Finally, we demonstrate the monitoring process using the sequential conditional probability ratio test and compare it with two other well-known group sequential procedures. An example is given to illustrate unbalanced survival trial design using available software. Supplemen...
Neurochemical heterogeneity of retinal bipolar cells.

Background Retinal bipolar cells show neurochemical changes in response to retinal insult, which could have profound effects on retinal function or recovery after insult however, the neurochemistry of bipolar cells is incompletely understood. METHODS The distribution of the amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glycine, and the metabolic amino acids, aspartate and glutamine, was examined immunocytochemically in the retina of the tiger salamander, a major model for the study of retinal anatomy and function. Results Each amino acid showed a unique distribution among retinal bipolar cells. All bipolar cells appear to contain glutamate and, under appropriate conditions, may also contain aspartate. GABA and glycine were restricted to a subset of conventionally placed bipolar cells located in the inner nuclear layer, but were not present in displaced bipolar cells located in the outer nuclear layer. In contrast, high levels of glutamine were almost exclusively restricted to displaced bipolar cells. Analysis of co-localization patterns revealed several different amino acid signatures within the bipolar cell population. Conclusions The striking neurochemical heterogeneity among bipolar cells suggests important differences in signaling and metabolism that could affect cell survival, plasticity, and functional recovery from retinal insult in a cell-type-specific manner.
Case 32: If You Injure Your Patient

We developed successfully in cats a neuromuscular rectal monitor to ascertain onset and recovery of neuromuscular drugs [1]. We thought it would be very useful in neonates and small children. This is because it is difficult to get reliable neuromuscular monitoring from a baby’s small hand. Our devise consisted of an annular electrode (made of steel) and a transducing balloon.
High-Performance Solid-State Supercapacitors and Microsupercapacitors Derived from Printable Graphene Inks

Solid-state supercapacitors and microsupercapacitors comprising printed graphene electrodies and related method of fabricating a graphene capacitor, said method comprising providing a graphene ink composition comprising graphene and an ethyl cellulose, said composition not prepared from graphene oxide, depositing said graphene ink composition on a substrate, annealing said graphene ink composition to decompose said ethyl cellulose and provide an electrode component comprising graphene, and coupling electrolyte and metallic lead components to said electrode component.
Stabilizing Single Sites on Solid Supports: Robust Grafted Ti(IV)-Calixarene Olefin Epoxidation Catalysts via Surface Polymerization and Cross-Linking

This manuscript develops a surface polymerization and cross-linking approach for the stabilization of single-site catalysts on solid surfaces, which is demonstrated here for grafted Ti(IV)-calixarene Lewis acids on silica. Our approach relies on cationic polymerization that is initiated by an adsorbed B(C6F5)3 and uses styrene as the monomer and diisopropenylbenzene as the cross-linking agent. The mildness of this polymerization method is demonstrated by its lack of blocking micropores and only slight consumption of mesopore internal surface area on the basis of N2 physisorption data at 77 K, both of which are in contrast to previously reported surface-polymerization approaches. Catalysis of samples before and after polymerization and cross-linking was investigated with a probe reaction consisting of the epoxidation of 1-octene with tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant, which is known to be catalyzed by Lewis-acid sites, and a comparison of catalyst hydrolytic stability was performed. Added water in the la...
Improved explosive collection and detection with rationally assembled surface sampling materials

Sampling and detection of trace explosives are critical steps in the analytical process necessary for modern transportation safety. In this work we have explored some of the fundamental aspects that influence collection and detection of trace levels of explosive residues from surfaces. We compared the analyte-release performance of standard muslin sampling swipes to that of rationally assembled fiberglass cloth, and used thermal-desorption ion mobility spectroscopy for detection. This collection–detection system is widely used for analyzing the trace chemical residues. The fiberglass cloth was chemically modified by covalently bonding phenyl-functional groups to the surface. The rationally assembled sampling materials provide significantly performance improvements over standard muslin sampling materials for detection of TNT, NG, RDX, TATP, and PETN. The phenyl-functionalized fiberglass swipes showed over 10 times greater TNT release, compared to muslin sampling swipes, as well as improved response and repeatability after multiple uses of the same swipe. The improved TNT release from the functionalized-fiberglass swipes resulted in significantly improved detection limits over muslin. To better understand the improvement offered by the phenyl-functionalized fiberglass, several commercially available fiberglass materials, each offering specific characteristics, were also compared, allowing several physical and chemical properties to be systematically explored to determine their influence on performance. These results are relevant to improving the detection of other explosive compounds, and potentially to a wider range of chemical sampling from surfaces.
Parathyroidectomy for asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: A revised cost-effectiveness analysis incorporating fracture risk reduction.

Background Recent data demonstrate decreased fracture risk after operation for asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. We performed a revised cost-effectiveness analysis comparing parathyroidectomy versus observation while incorporating fracture risk reduction. Methods A Markov transition-state model was created comparing parathyroidectomy and guideline-based medical observation for a 60-year-old female patient with mild asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. Costs were estimated using published Medicare reimbursement data. Treatment strategy outcomes, including risk of fracture, were identified by literature review. Quality adjustment factors were used to weight treatment outcomes. A threshold of $100,000/quality-adjusted life year was used to determine cost-effectiveness. Sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulation were performed to examine the effect of uncertainty on the model. Results Parathyroidectomy was the dominant strategy (less costly and more effective) with an incremental cost savings of $1,721 and an incremental effectiveness of 0.185 quality-adjusted life years. Parathyroidectomy remained dominant when the relative risk reduction of fracture after operation was ≥14%, the cost of fracture was ≥$7,600, or the probability of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was Conclusion When fracture risk reduction is considered, parathyroidectomy for mild asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism is the dominant strategy when compared to observation.
Chemical and Physical Properties of Hair: Comparisons Between Asian, Black, and Caucasian Hair

Although the fundamental structure and function of the hair are similar among all races, there are important anatomic and molecular differences that contribute to the unique characteristics of ethnic hair and impact its health and management. Hair researchers have generally classified hair into African, Asian, and Caucasian subgroups. Though this may be an oversimplification, this classification scheme is used in this chapter for the sake of uniformity.
Sequence of Reston Virus Isolate AZ-1435, an Ebolavirus Isolate Obtained during the 1989-1990 Reston Virus Epizootic in the United States.

ABSTRACT Reston virus (RESTV) was discovered in 1989–1990 during three connected epizootics of highly lethal viral hemorrhagic fever among captive macaques in primate housing facilities in the United States and Philippines. Currently, only one RESTV isolate from that outbreak (named Pennsylvania) has been sequenced. Here, we report the sequence of a second isolate, Reston virus/M.fascicularis-tc/USA/1990/Philippines89-AZ1435.
SCFE: clinical aspects, diagnosis, and classification

AbstractPurposeThis article seeks to improve treatment outcomes in slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) by outlining advances in diagnosis, understanding of pathomechanics, and mechanically-based classification.MethodsReview of clinical experience with SCFE at our high-volume centre, interaction with other clinical experts, and literature review has allowed a current perspective to be articulatedResultsSCFE remains an important clinical problem, with late diagnosis still frequent. Improved understanding of the ubiquity of femoroacetabular impingement has guided current classification and treatment protocolsConclusionSCFE is an important clinical problem, with high historical rates of impaired hip function both in childhood and adulthood. Great opportunities exist for improved outcomes following earliest possible clinical diagnosis, modern imaging, and mechanically-based classification of involved hips to allow optimal treatment.
Super 8 languages for making movies (functional pearl)

The Racket doctrine tells developers to narrow the gap between the terminology of a problem domain and general programming constructs by creating languages instead of just plain programs. This pearl illustrates this point with the creation of a relatively simple domain-specific language for editing videos. To produce the video proceedings of a conference, for example, video professionals traditionally use "non-linear" GUI editors to manually edit each talk, despite the repetitive nature of the process. As it turns out, video editing naturally splits the work into a declarative phase and an imperative rendering phase at the end. Hence it is natural to create a functional-declarative language for the first phase, which reduces a lot of manual labor. This user-facing DSL utilizes a second, internal DSL to implement the second phase, which is an interface to a general, low-level C library. Finally, we inject type checking into our language via another DSL that supports programming in the language of type formalisms. In short, the development of the video editing language cleanly demonstrates how the Racket doctrine naturally leads to the creation of language hierarchies, analogous to the hierarchies of modules found in conventional functional languages.
Millennial-scale variations in dustiness recorded in Mid-Atlantic sediments from 0 to 70 ka

Abstract Sedimentary records of dust deposition in the subtropical Atlantic provide important constraints on millennial- and orbital-scale variability in atmospheric circulation and North African aridity. Constant flux proxies, such as extraterrestrial helium-3, yield dust flux records that are independent of the biases caused by lateral sediment transport and limited resolution that may be associated with age-model-derived mass accumulation rates. However, Atlantic dust records constrained using constant flux proxies are sparsely distributed and generally limited to the past 20 ka. Here we extend the Atlantic record of North African dust deposition to 70 ka using extraterrestrial helium-3 and measurements of titanium, thorium, and terrigenous helium-4 in two sediment cores collected at 26°N and 29°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and compare results to model estimates for dust deposition in the subtropical North Atlantic. Dust proxy fluxes between 26°N and 29°N are well correlated, despite variability in lateral sediment transport, and underscore the utility of extraterrestrial helium-3 for constraining millennial-scale variability in dust deposition. Similarities between Mid-Atlantic dust flux trends and those observed along the Northwest African margin corroborate previous interpretations of dust flux variability over the past 20 ka and suggest that long distance transport and depositional processes do not overly obscure the signal of North African dust emissions. The 70 ka Mid-Atlantic record reveals a slight increase in North African dustiness from Marine Isotope Stage 4 through the Last Glacial Maximum and a dramatic decrease in dustiness associated with the African Humid Period. On the millennial-scale, the new records exhibit brief dust maxima coincident with North Atlantic cold periods such as the Younger Dryas, and multiple Heinrich Stadials. The correlation between Mid-Atlantic dust fluxes and previous constraints on North African aridity is high. However, precipitation exerts less control on dust flux variability prior to the African Humid Period, when wind variability governs dust emissions from consistently dry dust source regions. Thus, the Mid-Atlantic dust record supports the hypothesis that both aridity and wind strength drive dust flux variability across changing climatic conditions.
Abstract 18827: Critical Preoperative Factors and Specific Postoperative Adverse Events Drive Left Ventricular Assist Device Implant Hospitalization Costs.

Introduction: The cost of LVAD’s and subsequent care results in unfavorable economic evaluations of cost-effectiveness. Cost estimates for LVAD implant hospitalization, however, have been based upon assumptions from CMS data using inpatient-billing codes. Specific hospital costs can be obtained through a detailed cost accounting system in order to determine the effects of pre-implant characteristics and adverse events (AE’s) occurring during implant hospitalization that drive costs. Hypothesis: We will identify a subset of pre-operative characteristics and subsequent AE’s that results in higher costs during implant hospitalization. Methods: 80 patients received a rotary LVAD at a single institution (April 2013 to November 2015). Controllable cost obtained from a hospital cost management system was combined with patient demographics, pre-operative characteristics, AE’s and long-term follow-up data. The outcome variable was the cost of implant hospitalization, while the predictors were pre-operative characteristics and subsequent AE’s. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to identify the strongest independent predictors of cost and to quantify the additional cost associated with pre-specified AE’s including infection, bleeding/tamponade, reoperation, respiratory events, renal failure, stroke, need for RVAD or RV failure, and arrhythmias. Results: The mean and median costs for LVAD implant hospitalization were: $219,866 +/- $67,203 and $194,728 (range: $129,733 - $464, 982) respectively. Adjusting for age, device type, emergent status, and intention-to-treat, strong pre-implant drivers of cost in multivariable analysis included pre-op ventilator ($125,348 additional cost; p Conclusions: Combined clinical and accurate cost data reveal critical drivers of total hospital costs.