cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forecasting Ocean Chlorophyll in the Equatorial Pacific.

Using a global ocean biogeochemical model combined with a forecast of physical oceanic and atmospheric variables from the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, we assess the skill of a chlorophyll concentrations forecast in the Equatorial Pacific for the period 2012-2015 with a focus on the forecast of the onset of the 2015 El Nino event. Using a series of retrospective 9-month hindcasts, we assess the uncertainties of the forecasted chlorophyll by comparing the monthly total chlorophyll concentration from the forecast with the corresponding monthly ocean chlorophyll data from the Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (S-NPP- VIIRS) satellite. The forecast was able to reproduce the phasing of the variability in chlorophyll concentration in the Equatorial Pacific, including the beginning of the 2015-2016 El Nino. The anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) was significant (p<0.05) for forecast at 1-month (R=0.33), 8-month (R=0.42) and 9-month (R=0.41) lead times. The root mean square error (RMSE) increased from 0.0399 μg chl L-1 for the 1-month lead forecast to a maximum of 0.0472 μg chl L-1 for the 9-month lead forecast indicating that the forecast of the amplitude of chlorophyll concentration variability was getting worse. Forecasts with a 3-month lead time were on average the closest to the S-NPP -VIIRS data (23% or 0.033 μg chl L-1) while the forecast with a 9-month lead time were the furthest (31% or 0.042 μg chl L-1). These results indicate the potential for forecasting chlorophyll concentration in this region but also highlights various deficiencies and suggestions for improvements to the current biogeochemical forecasting system. This system provides an initial basis for future applications including the effects of El Nino events on fisheries and other ocean resources given improvements identified in the analysis of these results.
Manipulating motions of targeted single cells in solution by an integrated double-ring magnetic tweezers imaging microscope

Controlling and manipulating living cell motions in solution hold a high promise in developing new biotechnology and biological science. Here, we developed a magnetic tweezers device that employs a combination of two permanent magnets in up-down double-ring configuration axially fitting with a microscopic objective, allowing a picoNewton (pN) bidirectional force and motion control on the sample beyond a single upward pulling direction. The experimental force calibration and magnetic field simulation using finite element method magnetics demonstrate that the designed magnetic tweezers covers a linear-combined pN force with positive-negative polarization changes in a tenability of sub-pN scale, which can be utilized to further achieve motion manipulation by shifting the force balance. We demonstrate an application of the up-down double-ring magnetic tweezers for single cell manipulation, showing that the cells with internalized paramagnetic beads can be selectively picked up and guided in a controlled fine motion.
Insights into the photoactivity of iron modified bismuth titanate (Fe_BTO) nanoparticles

Abstract The photoactivity of a bandgap engineered composite oxide nanostructure − BECON − comprising of Bi, Ti, and O as the building blocks and Fe as an earth-abundant additive (Fe-BTO) has been examined in the presence of UV–vis illumination of water-methanol system. The performance of the Fe-BTO was investigated by examining the effects of Fe-BTO loading, light intensity, methanol concentration, and Fe-BTO stability upon repeated use. Among the parameters evaluated, the photoactivity using 150 mg of catalyst was determined most effective with a methanol concentration of 20 M. In additional insights, all of the time resolved experiments indicated the existence of a methanol concentration dependent 2-zone activity region: zone 1- slow photoactivity and zone 2- accelerated photoactivity. The presence of the 2-zone region is attributed to the intermediates formed during the methanol oxidation. The formation of the intermediate formic acid, which is thermodynamically favored, is identified as one of the key stages in the reaction. Further, repeated use of the Fe-BTO leads to over a 70% loss in the photoactivity. This may be attributed to (i) the formation of surface-functional groups and/or (ii) intrinsic change in the Fe-BTO upon irradiation.
Analysis of periodically-illuminated optically controlled CPW phase shifter

The characteristics of a periodically-illuminated CPW phase shifter is investigated by the spectral domain approach combined with the cascaded transmission line equivalent circuit. It is found that the phase shifter characteristics can be improved by the use of periodic illumination instead of uniform illumination.
Valve-sparing aortic root surgery. CON: remodeling

The two major valve-sparing root replacement procedures, aortic valve reimplantation (reimplantation) and aortic root remodeling (remodeling), have advantages and disadvantages, which are reviewed herein. The main advantage of reimplantation is the resulting annular support, and the disadvantages are the unfavorable hemodynamics and relatively long procedure time. The main advantages of remodeling are the physiological hemodynamics and decreased procedure time, and the disadvantage is the lack of annular support. With technical advances and modifications, however, the differences between these two procedures have narrowed. Application of a graft with sinuses for reimplantation improves the hemodynamics, and addition of annuloplasty to remodeling provides the necessary annular support. Nevertheless, remodeling has some advantages because less root dissection is required and the procedure time is shorter and hemodynamically favorable. Thus, remodeling may be the procedure of choice for high-risk patients (such as those with acute aortic dissection, of advanced age, with reduced ventricular function, or undergoing a concomitant operation). Remodeling may also be best for young athletes because of the hemodynamic advantage. Regardless of the advantages and disadvantages, both procedures provide excellent clinical results in terms of late valve durability. Surgeons should be familiar with both techniques and properly match patients to the appropriate treatment.
The Cosmic, Political, and Personal in late Ming Travel Narratives to the Home of Confucius

Historians have tended to frame the history of Qufu and Queli as a sequence of state initiatives, or of contests among branches of the Kong clan and with the state. In travel accounts by late Ming ...
Predicting Freshman Grade‐Point Average from Test Scores: Effects of Variation Within and Between High Schools

Most studies predicting college performance from high-school grade point average (HSGPA) and college admissions test scores use single-level regression models that conflate relationships within and between high schools. Because grading standards vary among high schools, these relationships are likely to differ within and between schools. We used two-level regression models to predict freshman grade point average from HSGPA and scores on both college admissions and state tests. When HSGPA and scores are considered together, HSGPA predicts more strongly within high schools than between, as expected in the light of variations in grading standards. In contrast, test scores, particularly mathematics scores, predict more strongly between schools than within. Within-school variation in mathematics scores has no net predictive value, but between-school variation is substantially predictive. Whereas other studies have shown that adding test scores to HSGPA yields only a minor improvement in aggregate prediction, our findings suggest that a potentially more important effect of admissions tests is statistical moderation, that is, partially offsetting differences in grading standards across high schools.
A Framework for Asynchronous Circuit Modeling and Verification in ACL2

Formal verification of asynchronous circuits is known to be challenging due to highly non-deterministic behavior exhibited in these systems. One of the main challenges is that it is very difficult to come up with a systematic approach to establishing invariance properties, which are crucial in proving the correctness of circuit behavior. Non-determinism also results in asynchronous circuits having a complex state space, and hence makes the verification task much more difficult than in synchronous circuits. To ease the verification task by reducing non-determinism, and consequently reducing the complexity of the set of execution paths, we impose design restrictions to prevent communication between a module M and other modules while computations are still taking place that are internal to M. These restrictions enable our verification framework to verify loop invariants efficiently via induction and subsequently verify the functional correctness of asynchronous circuit designs. We apply a link-joint paradigm to model asynchronous circuits. Our framework applies a hierarchical verification approach to support scalability. We demonstrate our framework by modeling and verifying the functional correctness of a 32-bit asynchronous serial adder.
Benefits and risks of protocol biopsies in pediatric renal transplantation

Protocol biopsies are defined as sampling of allograft tissue at predetermined times regardless of function. This procedure can be justified due to the lack of non-invasive methods to reliably diagnose rejection (acute or subclinical). Changes in creatinine are not seen with subclinical rejection or early acute rejection and do not always correlate with efficacy of treatment. Parents and providers are still hesitant to pursue protocol biopsy due to the potential complications and lack of definitive evidence of a benefit from doing this procedure. Importantly, the rate of transplant renal biopsy complications requiring additional intervention is low. It is unclear if detection and treatment of subclinical rejection detected on protocol biopsy will lead to improved graft survival. Our goal is to review the literature on this topic and share some of the experience in our center. Definition, indications, and complications of diagnostic transplant renal biopsies are not included in this review.
Advances in Ziegler Catalysts

Theoreotical stereo- and regio-specificity in propylene polymerization by ansa-zirconocenium were calculated by ab initio MO/MM2 calculations. The results were compared with 13C NMR data. Intramolecular and intermolecular processes leading to lowered selectivities were elucidated. Bulky substituents on Cp or Ind and spiro-bridging groups exhibit improved selectivities. Skipped insertion is not the cause of meso defects in syndiospecific polymerization of propylene. Syndiospecific polymerization of styrene and alternating copolymerization of propylene and carbon monoxide were discussed.
Insurance coverage for weight loss: overweight adults' views.

Background Given the prevalence of obesity and associated chronic conditions among U.S. adults, wellness benefits are an increasingly popular approach to promoting weight loss. Purpose The goal of the study was to assess overweight and obese adults' beliefs about the helpfulness of insurance coverage of weight loss–related benefits, their willingness to pay for such benefits, and whether these opinions differ by individuals' weight or health insurance type. Methods A national survey was fielded in 2012 among non-pregnant, overweight, and obese adults who had seen a primary care provider in the past year ( n =600). Descriptive statistics summarized beliefs about which weight loss–related benefits would be helpful, willingness to pay for such benefits, and agreement about whether health insurers should be able to charge more to obese individuals. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to determine whether beliefs differed by weight category or health insurance type. Analyses were conducted in July 2012. Results The majority (83%) of respondents cited a specific benefit as helpful. Those with private health insurance had a higher probability (89%, 95% CI=86%, 93%) of endorsing any benefit as helpful relative to those with other types of health insurance. Being obese relative to overweight was associated with greater support (57% vs 39%, p Conclusions In this sample of overweight adults, a large proportion endorsed the value of weight loss–related benefits offered by health plans. However, only about one third were willing to pay extra for them, and half disagreed with the notion that health plans should charge more to obese individuals. Given evidence of their effectiveness, wellness benefits should be offered to all individuals.
Magnetic Induction of d x 2 − y 2 + id xy Order in High- T c Superconductors

I propose that the phase transition in ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ recently observed by Krishana et al. [Science 277, 83 (1997)] is the development of a small ${d}_{\mathrm{xy}}$ superconducting order parameter phased by $\ensuremath{\pi}/2$ with respect to the principal ${d}_{{x}^{2}{\ensuremath{-}y}^{2}}$ one to produce a minimum energy gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}$. The violation of both parity and time-reversal symmetry allows the development of a magnetic moment, the key to explaining the experiment. The origin of this moment is a quantized boundary current of ${I}_{B}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}2e\ensuremath{\Delta}/h$ at zero temperature.
Exploring Growth Trajectories of Informal and Formal Mathematics Skills Among Prekindergarten Children Struggling With Mathematics

Growth in two subscales, Informal and Formal Mathematics Skills, of the Test of Early Mathematics Abilitity–3 (TEMA-3) was explored in a sample of 281 children. Children were identified as either t...
Physical-Layer Security in Free-Space Optical Communications using Bessel-Gaussian Beams

Physical-layer security in free-space optical communications channels is compromised when eavesdroppers perform optical beam-splitting attacks. Previous simulations showed that Laguerre-Gaussian beams carrying orbital angular momentum provide increased secrecy capacity compared to Gaussian beams. We extend those studies by simulating Bessel-Gaussian beams and obtain further improvement.
A novel pacing maneuver to verify the postpacing interval minus the tachycardia cycle length while adjusting for decremental conduction: Using "dual-chamber entrainment" for improved supraventricular tachycardia discrimination.

Background The postpacing interval (PPI) minus the tachycardia cycle length (TCL) is frequently used to investigate tachycardias. However, a variety of issues (eg, failure to entrain, decremental conduction, and oscillating TCLs) can make interpretation of the PPI–TCL challenging. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate a novel maneuver to confirm the PPI–TCL value without using either the ventricular PPI or the TCL interval and to assess the ability of this maneuver to identify decremental conduction and differentiate supraventricular tachycardias. Methods We analyzed 77 intracardiac recordings from patients (age 25 ± 20 years; 40 female) who underwent catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) or orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT) with a concealed pathway. We calculated the PPI–TCL, the AH-corrected PPI–TCL, and estimated the PPI–TCL using "dual-chamber entrainment" calculated as [PPIV – TCL=Stim(A→V) + Stim(V→A) – PPIA]. Results The PPI–TCL calculated by dual-chamber entrainment highly correlated with the observed and AH-corrected PPI–TCL (R2 = 0.79 and 0.96, respectively; P 10 ms) decrement. Conclusion Dual-chamber entrainment estimates the PPI–TCL value without using either the ventricular PPI or the TCL interval. This maneuver adjusts for all decremental conduction, including within concealed pathways, where a dual-chamber entrainment PPI–TCL value >80 ms favors AVNRT over ORT. This maneuver can be used to verify the observed PPI–TCL value in challenging cases.
Machine Learning for Algorithmic Trading and Trade Schedule Optimization

In this paper we present a machine learning technique that can be used in conjunction with multi-period trade schedule optimization used in program trading. The technique is based on an artificial neural network (ANN) model that determines a better starting solution for the non-linear optimization routine. This technique provides calculation time improvements that are 30% faster for small baskets (n = 10 stocks), 50% faster for baskets of (n = 100 stocks) and up to 70% faster for large baskets (n ≥ 300 stocks). Unlike many of the industry approaches that use heuristics and numerical approximation, our machine learning approach solves for the exact problem and provides a dramatic improvement in calculation time.
Bright and dark optical solitons for (2+1)-dimensional Schrödinger (NLS) equations in the anomalous dispersion regimes and the normal dispersive regimes

Abstract We operate the variational iteration method (VIM) for obtaining bright and dark optical solitons for (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equations, that appear in the anomalous dispersion regimes and the normal dispersive regimes respectively. We derive diverse types of solutions that contain bright optical solitons and dark optical solitons, which are very important from a physical point of view of nonlinear optics and electro magnetic wave propagations. The VIM, that will be employed here, demonstrates the solutions in a rapidly convergent series structure.
Cardiac sympathetic denervation for refractory ventricular arrhythmias in patients with structural heart disease: A systematic review

Background Cardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) is an important adjunctive option for patients with refractory ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Reports of efficacy of CSD in patients with structural heart disease (SHD) and refractory VA vary widely in literature. Objective The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of arrhythmic outcomes and complications in patients with SHD who underwent CSD due to recurrent VAs. Methods Electronic databases (Google Scholar and PubMed) were searched to identify reports on CSD in SHD using appropriate medical subject terms. No sample size restriction was applied. All patients with known channelopathies were excluded. Baseline demographic and surgical data, arrhythmic outcomes, and procedural complications were evaluated. Results A total of 13 studies and 173 patients were included. Of the 173 patients (121 [70%] male); pooled mean age 54.6 [95% confidence interval 52.6–56.7] years), 48 (28%) had ischemic cardiomyopathy, and 141 (82%) underwent bilateral CSD. Overall freedom from events ranged from 58% to 100%. Complications were reported in 49 patients(28%). Transient hypotension (9%), pneumothorax (5%), neuropathic pain (skin sensitivity) (4%), Horner syndrome (3%), sweating pattern changes (3%), and hemothorax (2%) were the most common complications. No procedure-related deaths were reported. Conclusion CSD reduced the number of VA events in patients with SHD, and the benefit from the intervention seemed to be independent of the underlying SHD. Although overall rate of postprocedural complications was high, most of the complications were temporary. Major postprocedural complications after CSD were infrequent.
Manifold de Bruijn Graphs

Genome assembly is usually abstracted as the problem of reconstructing a string from a set of its k-mers. This abstraction naturally leads to the classical de Bruijn graph approach—the key algorithmic technique in genome assembly. While each vertex in this approach is labeled by a string of the fixed length k, the recent genome assembly studies suggest that it would be useful to generalize the notion of the de Bruijn graph to the case when vertices are labeled by strings of variable lengths. Ideally, we would like to choose larger values of k in high-coverage regions to reduce repeat collapsing and smaller values of k in the low-coverage regions to avoid fragmentation of the de Bruijn graph. To address this challenge, the iterative de Bruijn graph assembly (IDBA) approach allows one to increase k at each iterations of the graph construction. We introduce the Manifold de Bruijn (M-Bruijn) graph (that generalizes the concept of the de Bruijn graph) and show that it can provide benefits similar to the IDBA approach in a single iteration that considers the entire range of possible k-mer sizes rather than varies k from one iteration to another.
Significance of peripheral eosinophilia for diagnosis of IgG4-related disease in subjects with elevated serum IgG4 levels

Abstract Objectives In this study, we aim to assess the diagnostic utility of elevated serum IgG4 (sIgG4) concentration alone and in combination with peripheral eosinophilia (PE) for IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Methods From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester electronic medical record database we identified 409 patients with above normal levels of sIgG4 (reference range 121–140 mg/dL) who had sIgG4 measured to differentiate IgG4-RD from another disease. Results Among 409 patients with any elevation in sIgG4 levels, 129 (31.5%) had a definite diagnosis of IgG4-RD. The prevalence of PE increased with increasing sIgG4 levels and was more likely to be seen in subjects with IgG4-RD vs. non-IgG4-RD at ≥1X (n = 35/120, 29.2% vs. n = 23/258, 8.9%; p Conclusion Even in subjects in whom IgG4-RD is suspected, only a minority (∼30%) with elevated sIgG4 levels have IgG4-RD. sIgG4 by itself is more specific at higher levels, though never diagnostic. PE increases with increasing sIgG4 and adds diagnostic value at higher sIgG4 levels.
When siblings matter: Commentary on Golub and Sobin's 'Statistical modeling of litter as a random effect in mixed models to manage "intralitter likeness"'.

Abstract Responsible data practices include acknowledging and properly dealing with data structures in which the assumption of independence of observations is violated. Golub and Sobin uncover a common statistical faux pas in neurodevelopmental research – inconsistent and inadequate handling of the clustered variability associated with the use of multiple littermates – and propose a simple mixed model solution in which litter is included as a random factor.
Perceived Challenges of Clinical Immersion in Professional Master's Programs: A Report from the Athletic Training Clinical Education Network

Context A clinical immersive experience is a new requirement within the clinical education standards as outlined by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education. Objective Determi...
Interplay between APC and ALDH1B1 in a newly developed mouse model of colorectal cancer.

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are pivotal in colorectal tumorigenesis. Recently, we demonstrated that aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1) knockdown dramatically reduced colon tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. The purpose of the present preliminary study is to examine the effect of loss of ALDH1B1 in CRC development in an inducible colon-specific Apc mouse model. Methods ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre mice develop uni-allelic inactivation of Apc specifically in colon epithelial cells following tamoxifen treatment. Aldh1b1−/− KO mice were crossed with ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre mice. Six-month-old male ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre/Aldh1b1−/−, and ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre/Aldh1b1+/+ mice were treated with tamoxifen (50 mg/kg, i.p.) for three consecutive days. ApcW/F/Aldh1b1−/− and ApcW/F/Aldh1b1+/+ mice were treated with corn oil (i.e., tamoxifen vehicle control) for three consecutive days. Eighteen days later, mice were sacrificed and their colons examined microscopically, macroscopically and histologically for the presence of adenoma. Results All ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre/Aldh1b1+/+ and ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre/Aldh1b1−/− mice treated with tamoxifen developed colorectal adenoma. The ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre/Aldh1b1−/− mice showed a significant decrease in the total volume of all ileal and colonic adenomas, and decreased incidence of large colonic adenoma compared to ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre/Aldh1b1+/+ mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 and β-catenin showed a trend toward decreased expression score in colonic adenomas of ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre/Aldh1b1−/− mice. Conclusion The present preliminary study suggests that deletion of ALDH1B1 may protect against the full development of colorectal cancer. Further mechanistic studies are required to elucidate how ALDH1B1 contributes for colorectal cancer.
A Non-intersecting Random Walk on the Manhattan Lattice and {SLE} 6

We consider a random walk on the Manhattan lattice. The walker must follow the orientations of the bonds in this lattice, and the walker is not allowed to visit a site more than once. When both possible steps are allowed, the walker chooses between them with equal probability. The walks generated by this model are known to be related to interfaces for bond percolation on a square lattice. So it is natural to conjecture that the scaling limit is $$\hbox {SLE}_6$$ . We test this conjecture with Monte Carlo simulations of the random walk model and find strong support for the conjecture.
Testicular ultrasound underestimates the size of small testicular masses: a radiologic–pathologic correlation study

Increasing use and resolution of testicular ultrasound imaging has resulted in a greater diagnosis of non-palpable small testicular masses and subsequent over-treatment with orchiectomy. Our aim was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of testicular ultrasound to accurately determine the pathologic size of small testicular masses (SMTMs) and to evaluate the association of various measurements with benign pathology. Retrospectively, an institutional testicular cancer database was reviewed to evaluate the patients who underwent an orchiectomy for a testicular mass seen on ultrasound from 2003 to 2017. Three-dimensional measurements were compared from the ultrasound and pathology specimens, including other measures such as tumor volume and percentage of testicular volume. Finally, the predictive accuracy of maximum diameter and tumor volume to predict benign pathology was evaluated using receiver-operating curve analysis. We identified 208 patients and showed that ultrasound significantly underestimated sub-centimeter testicular masses (mean difference 0.56 cm, 95%CI 0.89–0.14, p = 0.004) and testicular masses between 1 and < 2 cm (mean difference 0.50 cm, 95%CI 0.97–0.15, p = 0.009). Tumor volume measured on ultrasound was consistently similar to pathologic tumor volume across all sizes and was significantly correlated (Spearman’s Rho = 0.81). Mass volume had a greater predictive accuracy for benign pathology than maximum diameter using a 1 cm cut-off (AUC 0.65 vs 0.60). Using the maximal diameter, testicular ultrasound significantly miscalculated the pathologic dimensions of masses less than 2 cm compared to orchiectomy specimens. Volumetric measurements may better represent actual tumor sizes for SMTMs and may be a more useful measure for identifying those a higher risk for benign pathology, however, further studies are required.
Predicting why people engage in pro-sustainable behaviors in Portland Oregon: The role of environmental self-identity, personal norm, and socio-demographics.

Abstract This study aims to identify factors influencing people's participation in frequent and effective pro-sustainable behaviors (PSB) in Portland, Oregon, using value-belief-norm theory and a modified value-identity-personal-norm (VIP) model. Drawing from a resident survey (n = 484) and applying a series of regression and mediation analyses, we tested the power of the VIP model in our sample to examine the influence of values, environmental self-identity, and personal norms on PSB while adjusting for socio-demographic factors. Our study revealed participants who held altruistic values (i.e., cared for the community, valued diversity and gender equality, and made decisions based on cooperation) had stronger environmental self-identity characterized by a belief that reflects biocentrism, ecofeminism, ecospirituality, or deep ecology. These identities were significantly associated with participation in more effective PSB after adjusting for personal norms. Participants with egoistic values had stronger anthropocentric identity and weaker personal norms which translated into lower participation in more effective PSB. Also, education increased PSB, with master's degree holders participating more than other groups. Overall, values, environmental self-identity, and higher education predicted participation in effective PSB. Our refined theoretical model is, therefore, promising for assessing multiple PSB at once, especially those that significantly reduce carbon footprint on the planet.
Establishment of a Pediatric Ovarian and Testicular Cryopreservation Program for Malignant and Non-Malignant Conditions: The Mayo Clinic Experience.

ABSTRACT Study Objectives To describe the structure of a pediatric fertility preservation (FP) program and to share safety and patient satisfaction data. Design The FP program operates under prospective research protocols approved by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board (IRB). Setting The FP program is a multidisciplinary effort between pediatric gynecology, reproductive endocrinology, pediatric urology, pediatric surgery, and laboratory medicine. Participants The FP program enrolls patients between 0-17 years of age who have been diagnosed with a fertility-threatening condition and/or are scheduled to undergo gonadotoxic treatment. Interventions FP is offered in the form of ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and testicular (TTC) tissue cryopreservation. Main Outcome Measures The outcome measures are the safety of the procedure and results of patient surveys conducted by phone using a standard list of questions to assess attitudes towards FP. Results To date, we have enrolled 38 OTC and 37 TTC patients. The median age (range) of OTC and TTC patients was 11 years (0.83-17 years) and 10 years (0.92-17 years) at the time of enrollment, respectively. Childhood cancers currently represent 88% of the fertility-threatening diagnoses. Meanwhile, patients with non-malignant conditions include those with gender dysphoria, aplastic anemia, and Turner's syndrome. To date, no serious adverse events (SAEs) have been reported following surgery. According to n = 34 one-year follow-ups, 100% of parents felt that FP was a good decision. Conclusion Consistent with the literature, our data suggests FP is safe and improves the quality of care provided to pediatric patients for their fertility-threatening diagnoses and/or treatments. Trial Registration NCT02872532, NCT02646384.
Engineer Your Software

Abstract Software development is hard, but creating good software is even harder, especially if your main job is something other than developing software. Engineer Your Software! opens the world of...
COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness by Product and Timing in New York State

Abstract Background US population-based data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 3 currently FDA-authorized products is limited. Whether declines in VE are due to waning immunity, the Delta variant, or other causes, is debated. Methods We conducted a prospective study of 8,834,604 New York adults, comparing vaccine cohorts defined by product, age, and month of full-vaccination to age-specific unvaccinated cohorts, by linking statewide testing, hospital, and vaccine registry databases. VE was estimated from May 1, 2021 for incident laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases (weekly life-table hazard rates through September 3) and hospitalizations (monthly incidence rates through August 31). Results 155,092 COVID-19 cases and 14,862 hospitalizations occurred. Estimated VE for cases declined contemporaneously across age, products, and time-cohorts, from high levels beginning May 1 (1.8% Delta variant prevalence), to a nadir around July 10 (85.3% Delta), with limited changes thereafter (>95% Delta). Decreases were greatest for Pfizer-BioNTech (−24.6%, −19.1%, −14.1% for 18-49, 50-64 years, and ≥65 years, respectively), and similar for Moderna (−18.0%, −11.6%, −9.0%, respectively) and Janssen (−19.2%, −10.8, −10.9%, respectively). VE for hospitalization for adults 18-64 years was >86% across cohorts, without time trend. Among persons ≥65 years, VE declined from May to August for Pfizer-BioNTech (95.0% to 89.2%) and Moderna (97.2% to 94.1%). VE was lower for Janssen, without trend, ranging 85.5%-82.8%. Conclusions Declines in VE for cases may have been primarily driven by factors other than waning. VE for hospitalizations remained high, with modest declines limited to Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna recipients ≥65 years, supporting targeted booster dosing recommendations.
Hurricane Katrina and the forgotten coast of Mississippi

Hurricane Katrina slammed into the Gulf Coast in August 2005 with devastating consequences. Almost all analyses of the disaster have been dedicated to the way the hurricane affected New Orleans. This volume examines the impact of Katrina on southern Mississippi. While communities along Mississippi's Gulf Coast shared the impact, their socioeconomic and demographic compositions varied widely, leading to different types and rates of recovery. This volume furthers our understanding of the pace of recovery and its geographic extent, and explores the role of inequalities in the recovery process and those antecedent conditions that could give rise to a 'recovery divide'. It will be especially appealing to researchers and advanced students of natural disasters and policy makers dealing with disaster consequences and recovery.
Breaking Up: An Essay on Secession

(1994). Breaking Up: An Essay on Secession. Canadian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 357-371.
Computational Electrochemistry. Voltages of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes.

Theoretical studies on the electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries provide information on the structural changes during the charging and discharging processes. In the present study, we tested the M06-L and N12 exchange-correlation functionals on some well-studied lithium-containing materials. These functionals, which have already shown good performance for a variety of databases, outperform the widely used PBE functional for reproducing the experimental structures and averaged intercalation potentials. It is especially noteworthy that the M06-L functional gives voltages as accurate as those provided by the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE06) hybrid functional, but with less computational cost.
Simulating η-expansions with Β-reductions in the second-order polymorphic λ-rcalculus

We introduce an approach to simulating η-expansions with Β-reductions in the second-order polymorphic λ-calculus. This generalizes the work of Di Cosmo and Delia Kesner which simulates η-expansions with Β-reductions in simply typed settings, positively solving the conjecture on whether the simulation technique can be extended to polymorphic settings. We then present a modular proof that the second-order polymorphic λ-calculus with an expansive version of η-reduction is strong normalizing and confluent. The simulation is also promising to provide modular proofs showing that other rewriting systems are also strongly normalizing after expanded with certain versions of η-expansion.
Tricobezoar a propósito de un caso en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo

A case of gastric Trichobezoar is presented in a adult female with background of trichophagy, pica and familiar malfunction. The diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopic findings that report the presence of hairs in the stomach. As an support to this rare pathology, we presented this case which is first in the Room of San Andres and the third one at "Hospital Dos de Mayo" in the last 20 years, We reviewed the most important characteristics of this pathology. In the endoscopic study, there was also found a peptic ulcer in the non-blooding incisure. The abdominal surgery confirmed the diagnosis of the Trichobezoar. The recovery was sucessful.
Application of Advanced Multi-Core Processor Technologies to Oceanographic Research

Abstract : The long-term goal is to improve our ability to sense and predict ocean processes, utilizing state-of-the-art information processing architectures. Next-generation processor architectures (multi-core, multi-threaded) hold the promise of delivering enormous amounts of compute power in a small form factor and with low power requirements. However, new programming models are required to realize this potential. Our objectives are to deploy signal processing algorithms onto a variety of systems on a chip (SOC) such as those being developed by Intel and NVidia, as well as the application of SOC architectures for other vehicle functions. The overarching theme of this work relates to the application of advanced heterogeneous processors (both in an embedded environment and in a cluster) to high bandwidth signal processing. Our previous work included the development of a task dispatcher model for rapid development of signal processing applications on the IBM Cell/B.E. platform. This year, we completed several enhancements to this system; including the addition of scheduling tasks on a cluster, heterogeneous (GPU/CPU) computation, and a graphical programming language.
Models of soil formation

Different definitions of soils reflect different approaches to them. Soils present a different kind of challenge to farmers and to engineers. Soil scientists have a different view again, or rather several different views (Johnson & Watson-Stegner 1987). These varied views of soils are in effect different theoretical bases for their study. So far, in describing various features and kinds of soils, they have been considered as if they were natural history specimens. Like the trilobites, cowries, or narwhal tusks in a gentleman’s cabinet in Victorian England, the variety of soils found in nature can be described and classified. Fundamental aspects of soil formation can emerge from such comparative studies. The quest for a “natural classification” aims to reveal distinct processes and products of soil formation. Mapping soils as objects of natural history is also useful for guiding effective human use of the landscape. In contrast, soils also can be viewed as open systems, as energy transformers, and as environmental products (Fig. 8.1). Each of these different views of soils, as detailed below, elicits different kinds of research questions, experiments, and observations.
Conducting Marketing Science

Abstract The role of replication in marketing research has been a tenuous one, at best. On the one hand the prevalent perceived bias against replication research has deployed more research effort into the process of theory generation. On the other hand, theory development and refinement have suffered from the lack of an explicit replication tradition in research. At various times through the history of social science, reminders have appeared in the literature for an increased emphasis on replication. In principle, most researchers agree that replication is a necessary ingredient for knowledge advancement in a discipline, but, in reality, few strict replication studies have been published. Many factors account for the apparent lack of interest toward conducting replication research, including a perceived lack of importance or creativity in such studies and a perception of editor and reviewer bias against such studies. We maintain that much of this bias may be rooted in a misunderstanding of the role of replication in the research process. The belief that replication can be extricated from the research process, let alone be optional, is a sign of misunderstanding both the nature and process of science. Thus, the purpose of the present study is threefold. First, we discuss replication research and its relation- ship to the advancement of knowledge. Next, we discover the replication process in the context of publishing. Finally, a prescription for the conduct of replication research is provided that attempts to explicate the con- ditions necessary to promote a replication tradition in marketing research.
The Family and Medical Leave Act in Court

This study of 177 appeals court cases on the FMLA reveals that the two most contested issues are job security and defining serious illness, and that corporations won about 70 percent of all the cases.
Big MAC: caseous calcification of the mitral annulus referred for possible cardiac tumor.

A 73-year-old woman was found to have a 1.4 × 3.0 cm heterogeneous echodensity with smooth borders and central echolucency associated with a dynamic left ventricular outflow tract gradient and episodic chest pain. Although mitral annular calcification is a common manifestation, this case represents caseous calcification of the mitral annulus, which is a rare variant with an estimated prevalence of 0.068%. It should not be misinterpreted as an intracardiac tumor, abscess or cyst, as was the initial assumption in this case. The implications of the dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction as the etiology of her episodic chest pain and potential dynamic changes in structure with calcium levels are further elucidated in this case. (Echocardiography 2011;28:E76-E78)
Variations of weekly atmospheric deposition for multiple collectors at a site on the shore of Lake Okeechobee, Florida

Abstract Eight wet/dry precipitation collectors were modified to house four additional dryfall collectors and one bulk precipitation collector to sample atmospheric deposition for 12 weeks in a small area on the southwestern shore of Lake Okeechobee; sample contamination, primarily by insects, reduced the comparison to the last nine weeks. The deposition was determined for Ca2+, Na+, Cl−, and SO42− and nutrients including total phosphorus, orthophosphate, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, and nitrite plus nitrate. In general, deposition was lower and less variable in wet precipitation than in bulk precipitation. The higher variability of the bulk precipitation was attributed to local contamination, particularly by dust and insects. Each wet/dry precipitation collector was fitted with dryfall collectors that consisted of the dry-side bucket on a wet/dry collector, which was preloaded with distilled and deionized water, and four glass dish collectors; two of the glass dishes were preloaded with water and the other two remained dry. The deposition to the dry dish collectors was not comparable in adjacent collectors for any constituent; however, the deposition in the adjacent water-loaded dishes was comparable for most major constituents, except nutrients. A comparison of Ortho-P deposition with Total-P indicated that the P collected by the dryfall collectors was predominantly reactive, which also was reflected in the bulk deposition, whereas that in the wet deposition was mostly nonreactive. The large variability in deposition of P among the bulk and dryfall collectors suggests that alternative methods must be used to evaluate the P sources and processes of atmospheric transfer.
Perceived Control as an Antidote to the Negative Effects of Layoffs on Survivors' Organizational Commitment and Job Performance

Two field studies tested the hypothesis that high perceived control may serve as an antidote to the negative effects of layoffs on the employees who are not laid off (survivors). In Study 1, some p...
Correlation in the Bivariate Poisson Regression Model

We consider a bivariate Poisson model that is based on the lognormal heterogeneity model. Two recent applications have used this model. We suggest that the correlation estimated in their model frameworks is an ambiguous measure of the correlation of the variables of interest, and may substantially overstate it. We conclude with a detailed application of the proposed method using the data employed in one of the two aforementioned bivariate Poisson studies.
Anthrax, tularemia, plague, ebola or smallpox as agents of bioterrorism: recognition in the emergency room.

Bioterrorism has become a potential diagnostic consideration in infectious diseases. This article reviews the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis of potential bioterrorist agents when first presenting to the hospital in the emergency room setting. The characteristic clinical features of inhalation anthrax, tularemic pneumonia, plague pneumonia, including laboratory and radiographic finding, are discussed. Ebola vieus and smallpox are also discussed as potential bioterrorist-transmitted infections from the clinical and epidemiologic standpoint. In addition to the clinical features of the infectious diseases mentioned, the artical discusses the infectious disease control and epidemiologic implications of these agents when employed as bioterrorist agents. The review concludes with suggestions for postexposure prophylaxis and therapy.
Physical and environmental factors contributing to music related injuries among children.

Objective: This study asserts that a combination of environmental and physical factors influence the child pianist's risk for developing a music related injury. Participants: 26 participants (10 piano students, 10 parents, and 6 piano teachers) were included in this study. Piano students were ages 5 to 11 and currently enrolled in piano lessons. Methods: Three questionnaires addressed the factors affecting the participant groups (children, parents, and piano teachers). Participants completed one questionnaire about the factors contributing to the development of music related injuries in child pianists. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results. Results: None of the student participants had pain, discomfort, or a history of music related injuries. The majority of parents and teachers reported that the lighting was the most important environmental factor affecting students' playing in the piano lesson. 70% of parents reported that the presence of family members most greatly affected students' practicing at home. 100% of the teachers and parents reported that the most important physical factors contributing to students' injury-free playing were playing with proper technique and learning effective practice strategies. All parents and students who were taking piano lessons in their homes reported the most satisfaction with their piano lesson environment. Conclusion: The results of this study do not support a relationship between environmental or physical factors and the presence of pain, discomfort, or music related injuries in students. Language: en
In vitro Depth of Cure of Photo-activated Composites

The in vitro depth of cure of six photo-activated composites was studied by measurement of hardness, transverse strength, and light transmission coefficients. Both Barcol hardness and transverse strength were sensitive techniques for characterizing depth of cure. As a group, the visible light-activated composites had higher values of depth of cure and higher transmission coefficients than did the ultraviolet light-activated composites.
U1-70-kd autoantibody-positive mixed connective tissue disease in children. A longitudinal clinical and serologic analysis.

Objective. To obtain longitudinal data on the clinical, serologic, and immunogenetic features of children with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Methods. Eleven children with MCTD were followed up for a mean of 9.8 years. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting were used to analyze sera for autoantibodies to small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptides. HLA types were determined in 9 patients, by microcytotoxicity and DNA typing. Results. All 11 children had anti–U1–70-kd autoantibodies. Six of 9 were positive for HLA–DR2, 4 of 9 for HLA–DR4, and 9 of 9 for either HLA–DR2 or DR4. Outcomes were favorable with no functional impairment in 8 of the 11 children and were poor in 3. Conclusion. The frequency of HLA–DR2/DR4 is increased among children with anti–U1–70-kd autoantibody positive MCTD.
Inherited epidermolysis bullosa: recent basic and clinical advances.

Purpose of reviewThis review highlights key findings, both clinical and basic, that have been published in the field of inherited epidermolysis bullosa within the past few years.Recent findingsNew epidermolysis bullosa phenotypes, genotypes and modes of transmission have been identified, resulting i