cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictive Control for Energy Efficient Buildings with Thermal Storage: Modeling, Stimulation, and Experiments

The building sector is the largest energy consumer in the world. Therefore, it is economically, socially, and environmentally significant to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. Achieving substantial energy reduction in buildings may require rethinking the whole processes of design, construction, and operation of a building. This article focuses on the specific issue of advanced control system design for energy efficient buildings.
Production of particles containing charmed quarks in hadronic collisions

The ability to obtain the correct cross section for production of the new 3.1-GeV resonance at Brookhaven National Laboratory using the natural analog of the Drell-Yan annihilation mechanism leads us to explore further implications of this approach. We present in detail the longitudinal- and transverse-momentum dependence of the cross section, as well as its dependence upon beam energy. We point out correlations among final-state multiplicity, longitudinal momentum of the resonance, and resonance mass peculiar to the parton-model annihilation mechanism. We also examine the alterations which are expected upon employing a $\overline{p}$ beam. Finally, we obtain cross sections for charmed meson and baryon production. ${\overline{D}}^{0*}$ and ${D}^{\ensuremath{-}*}$ mesons should have particularly large production cross sections.
Partial purification and characterization of two fructose diphosphate aldolases from Chlamydomonas mundana.

Abstract 1. 1.|Two fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolases (EC 4.1.2.7) have been detected in extracts of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas mundana . The two activities can be resolved by gel filtration of crude cell extracts on Sephadex G-200. 2. 2.|A metal-requiring enzyme has been purified 30-fold from cells cultured in the light on acetate. The enzyme is markedly stimulated by Fe 2+ and is strongly inhibited by metal-chelating agents. The Michaelis constant for the enzyme is 3 · 10 -4 M fructose diphosphate. 3. 3.|An enzyme not dependent upon a metal for activity has been highly purified from cells cultured with carbon dioxide by elution of the activity from cellulose phosphate columns with fructose diphosphate. The purified enzyme is unaffected by high concentrations of chelating agents and is strongly inhibited by heavy metals. The Michaelis constant is 4 · 10 -5 M fructose diphosphate.
“Looking Good and Sounding Right”: Aesthetic Labor and Social Inequality in the Retail Industry

Upscale retail stores prefer to hire class-privileged workers because they embody particular styles and mannerisms that match their specialized brands. Yet retail jobs pay low wages and offer few benefits. How do these employers attract middle-class workers to these bad jobs? Drawing on interviews with retail workers and Bourdieu’s theory of habitus, the authors find that employers succeed by appealing to their consumer interests. The labor practices we identify contribute to the re-entrenchment of job segregation, race and gender discrimination, and fetishism of consumption. The conclusion argues against rewarding aesthetic labor and suggests other rationales for upgrading low-wage retail employment.
The rise or fall of graduated income tax rates

This study constructs a wage distribution for the US from CPS data and then uses simulations to determine the optimal piecewise-linear-income tax. Previous optimal tax studies have generally found optimal marginal tax rates decline as income rises. This study argues this result arises because these previous studies assume that society will be willing to fund substantial guarantees. This study assumes that such a guarantee will not be politically acceptable, but that an exemption will be. In these circumstances it is found that optimal marginal tax rates rise as income rises.
Grading the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Guidance

This article is a critical analysis of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Guidance released by the Department of Justice and Securities and Exchange Commission. Issues discussed in the article include the following: (i) the enforcement agencies' motivations in issuing the Guidance and the fact that it should have been issued years ago; (ii) the utility of the Guidance from an access-of-information perspective and how the Guidance can be used as a measuring stick for future enforcement agency activity; (iii) how the Guidance is an advocacy piece and not a well-balanced portrayal of the FCPA as it is replete with selective information, half-truths, and, worse information that is demonstratively false; (iv) how, despite the Guidance, much about FCPA enforcement remains opaque; and (v) how, despite the Guidance, FCPA reform remains a viable issue.
Will I be teaching next summer? The problem of class cancellations: is this a question of incremental costs?

Discusses the problem of the cancellation of summer classes in a university. Evaluates the comparative costs of cancelling classes or teaching them. Suggests that decisions need to be based on consideration of long‐term and intangible benefits as well as short‐term costs.
Of smoke, mirrors, and passive-aggressive behaviors.

“What we have here is a failure to communicate.” These are the last words spoken the moment before a Southern prison warden fatally shoots the irrepressible convict played by Paul Newman in the now classic film “Cool Hand Luke.” The first impression an objective, third party might have in reading Dr. Heit's editorial in this issue of Pain Medicine is that a similar failure might explain the precipitous, bizarre, and inexplicable revocation by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in early October of 2004 of its endorsement of and support for Prescription Pain Medications: Frequently Asked Questions and Answers for Health Care Professionals and Law Enforcement Personnel (hereinafter FAQ), a document that had been unveiled with much fanfare merely 2 months earlier. But closer scrutiny of the chronology of events suggests that the communication breakdown theory is highly improbable. As Dr. Heit points out, the FAQ was the product of years of collaborative effort among experts in the field of pain medicine and representatives of the DEA that worked through no fewer than 20 drafts. The DEA was sufficiently comfortable with the final version of the document that it placed it on its Website, as did another major contributor to the project, the Pain and Policy Studies Group at the University of Wisconsin (PPSG). Nevertheless, 2 months later …
Performance characteristics of the ultra high sensitivity aerosol spectrometer for particles between 55 and 800 nm: Laboratory and field studies

A new optical particle counter, the Particle Metrics, Inc., ultra high sensitive aerosol spectrometer (UHSAS), has been used to size aerosol particles both in our laboratory, and at a remote mountain-top site in Wyoming. The laboratory studies show that the UHSAS measured diameters of polystyrene latex (PSL), ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate particles are within 10% of those determined by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), as are those for non-spherical sodium chloride particles and PSL doublets. The UHSAS detection efficiency is close to 100% for particles larger than 100 nm and concentrations below 3000 cm −3 ,b ut decreases both for smaller particles and for higher concentrations considerably. The field measurements confirm these observations and also demonstrate good agreement of particle concentration measurements between the UHSAS, SMPS, and a passive cavity aerosol spectrometer probe (PCASP) in the same size ranges. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Polymyositis: Reduction of acetylcholine receptors in skeletal muscle

In polymyositis (PM), neither the precise target nor the mechanism of the attack against skeletal muscle have yet been defined. In this study, we report evidence of a pathologic process involving a membrane component of muscle, acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). Our results show that PM patients have significantly reduced AChRs at neuromuscular junctions, averaging 55% below control values (P less than 0.01). Incubation of cultured mammalian muscle cells with sera from PM patients significantly reduced (P less than 0.005) the number of surface AChRs and increased their rate of degradation in 7/8 cases (P less than 0.005). Similar effects were produced by purified IgG from PM patients. These results demonstrate the presence in PM patients of circulating IgG with functional effects on a component of the surface membrane of skeletal muscle. They suggest that PM and myasthenia gravis may have important features in common.
Research Article: Behavior of male Kenyi Cichlids, Pseudotropheus lombardoi, in response to visual and olfactory cues from females

Abstract The role of olfaction in the reproductive behavior of fishes is complex and not well understood. Olfactory signals may be important in communicating species identity, signaling the reproductive state of individuals, and initiating courtship behavior of males. The objective of this research was to study the influence of female visual and olfactory cues on the courtship behavior of male Kenyi Cichlids, Pseudotropheus lombardoi. Individual males were presented with gravid females contained in different types of chambers. Chambers varied in the color of their walls (black or clear) and in the type of their walls (solid or perforated). Clear chambers permitted males to receive visual cues, whereas perforated chambers allowed males to receive olfactory cues. Each male was presented with females contained in clear perforated (CP), clear solid (CS), black perforated (BP), and black solid (BS) chambers. Three-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) revealed that for six of the seven behaviors investigated, wall ...
hZIP1 zinc uptake transporter down regulation and zinc depletion in prostate cancer

The genetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for and associated with the development and progression of prostate malignancy are largely unidentified. The peripheral zone is the major region of the human prostate gland where malignancy develops. The normal peripheral zone glandular epithelium has the unique function of accumulating high levels of zinc. In contrast, the ability to accumulate zinc is lost in the malignant cells. The lost ability of the neoplastic epithelial cells to accumulate zinc is a consistent factor in their development of malignancy. Recent studies identified ZIP1 (SLC39A1) as an important zinc transporter involved in zinc accumulation in prostate cells. Therefore, we investigated the possibility that down-regulation of hZIP1 gene expression might be involved in the inability of malignant prostate cells to accumulate zinc. To address this issue, the expression of hZIP1 and the depletion of zinc in malignant versus non-malignant prostate glands of prostate cancer tissue sections were analyzed. hZIP1 expression was also determined in malignant prostate cell lines. hZIP1 gene expression, ZIP1 transporter protein, and cellular zinc were prominent in normal peripheral zone glandular epithelium and in benign hyperplastic glands (also zinc accumulating glands). In contrast, hZIP1 gene expression and transporter protein were markedly down-regulated and zinc was depleted in adenocarcinomatous glands and in prostate intra-epithelial neoplastic foci (PIN). These changes occur early in malignancy and are sustained during its progression in the peripheral zone. hZIP1 is also expressed in the malignant cell lines LNCaP, PC-3, DU-145; and in the nonmalignant cell lines HPr-1 and BPH-1. The studies clearly establish that hZIP1 gene expression is down regulated and zinc is depleted in adenocarcinomatous glands. The fact that all the malignant cell lines express hZIP1 indicates that the down-regulation in adenocarcinomatous glands is likely due to in situ gene silencing. These observations, coupled with the numerous and consistent reports of loss of zinc accumulation in malignant cells in prostate cancer, lead to the plausible proposal that down regulation of hZIP1 is a critical early event in the development prostate cancer.
A Multimodal, Second Generation, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rehabilitation Program

Second Generation posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment programs were recently proposed as one component of a model of treatment of chronic PTSD. While First Generation PTSD programs emphasized trauma work, Second Generation programs emphasize skills for the present/future ability to adapt within society. The present paper describes a functioning Second Generation PTSD treatment program for Vietnam combat veterans. The guiding principles underlying this multimodal and vocational rehabilitation program are outlined.
Calcium-Induced p56Lck Phosphorylation in Human T Lymphocytes via Calmodulin Dependent Kinase

We report that stimulation of both primary human and Jurkat T lymphocytes with the calcium ionophore ionomycin, or A23187, results in the phosphorylation of p56(Lck) as determined by shifts in mobility of p56(Lck) on immunoblots. The shifts in the mobility of p56(Lck) induced by ionomycin could be blocked by preincubation of the cells with EGTA, demonstrating the requirement for extracellular calcium in this response. Although increases in intracellular calcium have been shown to modulate CD45 activity, phosphorylation of p56(Lck) was not mediated via CD45. Ionomycin stimulation of J45. 01 cells, a CD45-negative Jurkat cell derivative, also resulted in p56(Lck) mobility shifts. Instead, this response appears to be mediated via a calmodulin-dependent kinase. This response could be blocked by calmidazolium, an inhibitor of calmodulin, and KN-93, an inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaM-Kinase). KN-92, an inactive analog of KN-93, failed to block this response. These studies demonstrate a new role for calcium and CaM-Kinase in human T-lymphocytes and describe a novel mechanism by which p56(Lck) can be modulated.
PKCδ regulates the stimulation of vascular endothelial factor mRNA translation by angiotensin II through hnRNP K

Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced renal injury is partly mediated by growth factors such as VEGF. We have previously shown that Ang II rapidly increases VEGF protein synthesis in proximal tubular epithelial (MCT) cells by augmenting mRNA translation, which is partly dependent on activation and binding of hnRNP K to 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of VEGF mRNA. Regulation of hnRNP K activation by PKCδ was studied in MCT cells. Transfection with a PKCδ siRNA inhibited hnRNP K Ser302 phosphorylation and activation, and reduced Ang II stimulation of VEGF synthesis. Inhibition of PKCδ with rottlerin also prevented binding of hnRNP K to VEGF mRNA and reduced the efficiency of VEGF mRNA translation. In db/db mice at 2 weeks of type 2 diabetes, VEGF expression was increased, which was due not to increase in transcription but to augmented translation of VEGF mRNA. Augmented VEGF expression was associated with increased binding of hnRNP K to VEGF mRNA. c-src and PKCδ activities and hnRNP K phosphorylation on Ser302 in renal cortex of db/db mice were increased compared to control mice. We conclude: Ang II-induced VEGF mRNA translation is associated with activation of hnRNP K in MCT cells. In the signaling pathway leading to hnRNP K activation induced by Ang II, PKCδ is downstream of c-src. PKCδ-mediated phosphorylation of hnRNP K is required for Ang II stimulation of VEGF mRNA translation. In mice with type 2 diabetes, src and PKCδ activation and hnRNP K phosphorylation correlate with increased VEGF mRNA translation and kidney hypertrophy. 3′ UTR events are important in regulation of VEGF expression in models of renal injury.
Growth factor-mediated K+ channel activity associated with human myeloblastic ML-1 cell proliferation.

ML-1 cell proliferation is dependent on the presence of serum growth factors. Removing serum from the culture medium results in growth arrest and promotes differentiation. In this study, we found t...
EFFECTS OF CARBOHYDRATE SOURCE ON THE IN VITRO ASYMBIOTIC SEED GERMINATION OF THE TERRESTRIAL ORCHID HABENARIA MACROCERATITIS

The effects of the carbohydrates fructose, sucrose, and dextrose on the seed germination and protocorm development of the terrestrial orchid Habenaria macroceratitis were assessed in the presence or absence of banana powder. Malmgren Modified Terrestrial Orchid Medium was used as the basal medium. Each carbohydrate was screened at 50 mM with and without banana powder (15 g L−1). No significant differences in germination or protocorm development among all treatments were observed after seven weeks. There were no significant differences in advanced development among carbohydrate treatments without banana powder after 21 weeks. However, the presence of banana powder in the medium suppressed advanced protocorm development in the fructose, dextrose, and control treatments. These data support the wide suitability of simple exogenous carbohydrates in supporting the germination and protocorm development of H. macroceratitis, and suggest that a wide range of carbohydrates are suitable for the culture of often diff...
To Tweet or Not to Tweet: Exploring Division I Athletic Departments’ Social-Media Policies

Via their social-media postings, student-athletes are increasingly creating public relations issues for college athletic programs. With social media’s emergence as a popular communication tool, exploring the messages student-athletes receive from their athletic departments about social-media use is warranted. This research examined social-media policies in student-athlete handbooks from 159 NCAA Division I schools. Using thematic and textual analytic procedures, analysis revealed that policies heavily emphasize content restrictions and external monitoring and frame social media as laden with risk. The results suggest that social-media policies should be more reflexive to identify both positive and negative outcomes for student-athletes. In addition, athletic departments must assertively monitor social-media trends to ensure that policies and training stay relevant.
Optimized Beam Matching Using Extremum Seeking

The matching problem for a low energy transport system is approached from a control theoretical viewpoint. The beam dynamics are modeled using the KV (Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij) envelope equations. Multi-Parameter Extremum Seeking, a real-time non-model based optimization technique, is considered in this work for the lens tuning in the beam matching system. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.
For fun and profit: the limits and possibilities of Google-Maps-based geoweb applications:

AbstractSoftware developers who create geographic web applications are a new kind of mapmaker producing new kinds of maps. They typically use private web-mapping services, such as Google Maps, with...
Operating principles, accuracy, and cost of noninvasive pulse CO-oximetry technology

Hemoglobin content can be measured on a variety of devices. Noninvasive pulse CO-oximetry represents the latest development in hemoglobin measuring technology. The noninvasive technology and provides continuous monitoring in comparison to invasive and discrete techniques used in other methods. In addition to a summary of correlation studies, a review of the measurement principles and inherent error in the methods will help determine if implementation is truly cost efficient and advantageous to the patient.
Cell cycle dependence of protein subcellular location inferred from static, asynchronous images

Protein subcellular location is one of the most important determinants of protein function during cellular processes. Changes in protein behavior during the cell cycle are expected to be involved in cellular reprogramming during disease and development, and there is therefore a critical need to understand cell-cycle dependent variation in protein localization which may be related to aberrant pathway activity. With this goal, it would be useful to have an automated method that can be applied on a proteomic scale to identify candidate proteins showing cell-cycle dependent variation of location. Fluorescence microscopy, and especially automated, high-throughput microscopy, can provide images for tens of thousands of fluorescently-tagged proteins for this purpose. Previous work on analysis of cell cycle variation has traditionally relied on obtaining time-series images over an entire cell cycle; these methods are not applicable to the single time point images that are much easier to obtain on a large scale. Hence a method that can infer cell cycle-dependence of proteins from asynchronous, static cell images would be preferable. In this work, we demonstrate such a method that can associate protein pattern variation in static images with cell cycle progression. We additionally show that a one-dimensional parameterization of cell cycle progression and protein feature pattern is sufficient to infer association between localization and cell cycle.
Grapefruit-derived Nanovectors Delivering Therapeutic miR17 Through an Intranasal Route Inhibit Brain Tumor Progression

The lack of access to the brain is a major obstacle for central nervous system drug development. In this study, we demonstrate the capability of a grapefruit-derived nanovector (GNV) to carry miR17 for therapeutic treatment of mouse brain tumor. We show that GNVs coated with folic acid (FA-GNVs) are enhanced for targeting the GNVs to a folate receptor-positive GL-26 brain tumor. Additionally, FA-GNV-coated polyethylenimine (FA-pGNVs) not only enhance the capacity to carry RNA, but the toxicity of the polyethylenimine is eliminated by the GNVs. Intranasal administration of miR17 carried by FA-pGNVs led to rapid delivery of miR17 to the brain that was selectively taken up by GL-26 tumor cells. Mice treated intranasally with FA-pGNV/miR17 had delayed brain tumor growth. Our results demonstrate that this strategy may provide a noninvasive therapeutic approach for treating brain-related disease through intranasal delivery.
Flag of convenience registry and industrial relations

Unlike manufacturing, where the location of production facilities affects the costs of production and distribution, the “flag” of a vessel has no effect on its operating expenses. Vessel operators ...
K2: Probing Visual Processing outside of Conscious Awareness:

Visual awareness seems to occupy center stage in our perceptual world, but is that just an illusion? To rephrase that question in a tractable form, what aspects of visual processing transpire outside of awareness? Binocular rivalry–fluctuations in perceptual dominance between conflicting visual stimuli–affords one useful tool for answering that question, and this talk highlights some surprising discoveries that have been made using that tool.
Polarization aberrations induced by graded multilayer coatings in EUV lithography scanners

The functional form of coating-induced polarization aberrations in EUV lithography systems is evaluated through polarization ray tracing of an example 3×EUV scanner with state-of-the-art graded multilayer coatings. In particular, the impact of coating-induced on-axis astigmatism, as well as diattenuation and retardance on image quality are investigated. The point spread function (PSF) consists of four polarization-dependent components: two are nearly diffraction limited and two are highly apodized, and all components can be described by a Mueller matrix Point Spread Matrix (PSM). The highly apodized components are “ghost” images that are larger than the diffraction limit, reducing image contrast and resolution.
Familial Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament found in 4 North American Families

Background: In Japan, familial studies utilize human leukocyte antigen (HLA) or other genetic markers, morphological/biochemical studies, and plain X-rays to identify simple recessive, simple dominant, and multifactorial modes of genetic inheritance for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) [2,3,5-8]. Methods and Results: Two members of four North American Caucasian families presented with OPLL; two sets of brothers, one sister/brother pair, and one father/daughter combination. Each member exhibited radiographic (MR/CT) and surgical confirmation of early and mature OPLL or mature OPLL alone. Patients averaged 50 years of age, and exhibited mild to severe myeloradiculopathy requiring multilevel diskectomies/corpectomies with fusion. Original operations were performed between 1990-1997, and patients were followed an average of 10.25 years (range 7-14 years). Conclusion: It is now recognized that OPLL contributes to myeloradiculopathy in the North American Caucasian population, with evidence for familial inheritance factors and predisposition to this pathologic entity. This is the first report suggesting the inheritance of OPLL with myeloradiculopathy in 4 Caucasian North American Families. The presence of OPLL in one individual family member may presage an increased susceptibility to this disorder in other immediate relatives.
General Principles of Psychopharmacological Treatment in Psycho-Oncology

Understanding the principles of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics is extremely important in the psychiatric care of cancer patients. Otherwise the medical milieu can lead to intolerance or ineffectiveness of psychotropic medications. This chapter provides an overview of important basic principles to be aware of when considering the use of psychotropic medications, in terms of how a person absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes medications, and the effects that medications can have on a patient’s body. It is important to also be aware of the effects of drug concentrations and responses on both intended beneficial effects as well as adverse reactions. Awareness of drug–drug interactions, CYP450 interactions, and the effects of compromised body systems will also be discussed in order to help psycho-oncologists understand, prevent, and treat subtherapeutic and toxic dosing of the major psychotropic medications including antidepressants, neuroleptics, anxiolytics and hypnotics, mood stabilizers, and psychostimulants in cancer patients.
Consultations in Dermatology: A Strange Case of Acne

It was very strange how resistant a twenty-three-year-old woman's acne was to treatment. For months we watched one treatment after another fail. Her face continued to exhibit a full complement of blackheads, redness, and pustules at every visit. Local treatments achieved little, other than camouflage. A full array of systemic antibiotics staggered from the fray, accomplishing little more than inducing a yeast vaginitis. Even the acclaimed Accutane ® failed, despite its advertising hype, “you've never seen results like this.” Was there a hormonal problem? No, her menses were normal and androgen, the prime mover of acne, was shown to be at low levels in her blood. Was it genetic? No one in the family had had serious acne. Was it due to food imbalance? We had seen a case of terribly resistant acne in a Naval cadet who, disliking the Navy chow, ate nothing but Hershey bars. Could it be due to an intake of nuts, long known to us as a cause of postadolescent acne? No, her diet was balanced and a nut-free regimen had not had the slightest effect. Could it be due to a drug, such as dilantin? No, she was healthy and avoided all medications. We explored her cosmetic history. No, she did not use occlusive greasy makeup which produces poral closure with subsequent acne. Nor did she use sunscreen lotions. Furthermore, she used no hair pomades. Her habits were obviously not the cause of her distress.
Networking for Integrated Systems

This chapter discusses the networking requirements for a new class of integrated data center appiances that have emerged within the past few years. Conventional data centers employ a combination of servers, storage, networking, software applications, and services, which are usually combined for the first time at the customer site, and which frequently involve building custom solutions for specific jobs. Building custom systems is not a sustainable or economical approach; data center applications can take months to design and deploy, and there are ongoing issues with interoperability, support, scaling, and performance tuning to meet application requirements. Further, the provisioning and configuration of custom solutions is repetitive, manually intensive, and prone to errors. We discuss a new class of factory preintegrated systems combining servers, storage, and networking. Examples of integrated systems are discussed including offerings from Cisco, Hewlett Packard, Hitachi, Huawei, IBM, Oracle/Sun, and others.
Introduction: Remixing Teaching through Music

We—Lindy and Chris—met following a presentation that Lindy gave at the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) convention in 2012. As many good conversations at conferences do, ours led to an idea of future collaboration. We ultimately decided to propose a one-day workshop on the varying uses of music in the teaching of English.
The algebra of marriage: an episode in applied group theory

In 1949, Andre Weil contributed a mathematical appendix to Claude Levi-Strauss's landmark book, The elementary structures of kinship. In this appendix, Weil (one of the Bourbaki mathematicians) used group-theoretic techniques to model Australian marriage systems. Weil's paper marked the beginning of mathematical anthropology. This essay describes Weil's analysis of marriage systems and traces the uneasy history of the application of group theory to kinship studies.
Appraisals, Emotions, and Inherited Intentional Objects:

Modern appraisal theories inherited a problem from the Schachter theory: are emotions directed at intentional objects, and if so, why? On both theories the emotion is initiated by some sort of cogn...
Being German, Becoming Muslim: Race, Religion, and Conversion in the New Europe

Esra Ӧzyurek holds a BA in sociology and political science from Bogazici University in Istanbul, earned her PhD in anthropology in the United States, and is currently associate professor of Contemp...
The central nervous system microenvironment influences the leukemia transcriptome and enhances leukemia chemo-resistance

Central nervous system (CNS) relapse is a principal cause of treatment failure among patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Isolated CNS relapse occurs in approximately 3%–8% of children with leukemia and accounts for 30%–40% of initial relapses in some clinical trials.[1][1]
Optimization of multistage circuits for gravity concentration of heavy mineral sands

Gravity separators such as spirals are commonly used in multistage cleaning and scavenging circuits to improve the quality and recovery of concentrates produced in the industrial minerals industry. Unfortunately, field surveys suggest that many industrial operations are poorly configured in terms of equipment layout. This shortcoming can often be attributed to a failure by engineers to make use of fundamental process engineering tools for circuit design. One of the most important of these is linear circuit analysis. This powerful tool makes it possible to mathematically compare the relative efficiency of circuit configurations in advance of experimental testing. This article provides a basic review of the linear circuit analysis concept and discusses some of the key insights it provides for the layout of multistage circuits. An industrial case study is provided to show the tremendous impact that this process engineering tool can have on the design of multistage spiral circuits in a heavy mineral wet plant.
Midline Extraperitoneal Approach to Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Testicular Cancer: Minimizing Surgical Morbidity.

Abstract Background Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is an important component of the management of testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) but carries significant surgical morbidity. Objective To describe our experience with a midline extraperitoneal (EP) approach to RPLND for seminomatous and nonseminomatous GCT. Design, setting, and participants From 2010 to 2015, 122 consecutive patients underwent RPLND from a prospective database. Patients requiring aortic resection or retrocrural dissection or with intraperitoneal disease were excluded. The remaining 69 patients underwent midline EP-RPLND. Surgical procedure Open midline EP-RPLND was performed using a standardized technique. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Perioperative and long-term outcomes were analyzed. Complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification. A descriptive analysis using SAS software was performed. Results and limitations A total of 68 patients underwent midline EP-RPLND successfully (98.6%). The median age was 28 yr (range 17–55). On preoperative imaging the size of the retroperitoneal mass or lymphadenopathy was 5cm in 24 patients, of which 19 were >10cm. The median estimated blood loss was 325ml (interquartile range [IQR] 200–612.5). The median number of lymph nodes resected was 36 (IQR 24.5–49); the median number of positive nodes was one (IQR 0–4). The median time for return of bowel function was 2 d (IQR 1–2) and hospital stay 3 d (IQR 3–4). There were no cases of ileus. Eleven patients had 12 (17.6%) 90-d complications. Of these, six (55%) were Clavien grade 1, five (45%) were grade 2, and one was grade 3b (1.5%). Antegrade ejaculation rates were 91.6% in the primary group and 96.8% in the post-chemotherapy group. Conclusions Midline EP-RPLND can be performed safely without compromising the completeness of the resection. This approach is associated with rapid return of bowel function, minimal rates of ileus, and short hospital stay. Patient summary A midline extraperitoneal approach for retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in testicular cancer is safe and effective and leads to faster return of bowel function and earlier discharge.
Beyond Moral Responsibility to a System that Works

Moving beyond the retributive system requires clearing away some of the basic assumptions that form the foundation of that system: most importantly, the assumption of moral responsibility, which is held in place by deep and destructive belief in a just world. Efforts to justify moral responsibility typically appeal to some version of self-making, and that appeal is only plausible through limits on inquiry. Eliminating moral responsibility removes a major impediment to deeper inquiry and understanding of the biological, social, and environmental causes of both vicious and virtuous behavior. The resources for moving beyond the moral responsibility are already being developed in social democratic corporatist cultures as well as in workplace management models that nurture commitment and reject blame and shame. Without moral responsibility we must face the unpleasant fact that although punishment is sometimes unavoidable it is always unjust. That unpleasant fact motivates difficult but beneficial changes that minimize both the extent and the severity of punitive measures.
Future directions for microbolometers and thermopile infrared detectors (Conference Presentation)

The mid- and far infrared are tantalizing regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, containing great information about thermal and chemical properties of objects and materials; however, semiconductor materials that interact with light in this range are often extremely difficult to use, especially at room temperature. Thermal detectors in the form of microbolometers have had great commercial success in the uncooled camera market, but they have significant limitations when speed or spectral selectivity is needed. This presentation reviews the basic properties and performance of microbolometers and other uncooled thermal detectors. The basic physical limits of thermal detector performance are discussed; these include noise sources, temperature stability, ultimate speeds, ultimate sensitivities, quantum noise effects at far-IR and THz wavelengths, and thermomechanical limits on spectral resolution. With this background, we will explore how the radiation noise limit differs between traditional microbolometers with wide absorption and detectors with narrower spectral pass bands. This can allow improved performance because narrowband microbolometers and thermal detectors can theoretically operate near the performance of cooled detectors. The presentation will discuss some preliminary work at Minnesota showing the highest D* uncooled detectors reported to date as a milestone in our attempt to approach the background limit. The presentation will conclude with some speculations on how research on uncooled detectors will progress in the next 10 years. These speculations will include aspects of pixel design, new materials for optical performance and electrical readout, design for high temperature operation, and other detector characteristics.
Black Girls Matter: Counseling Black Females Through a Servant Leadership Framework

Servant leadership may serve as a framework for school counselors to meet the needs of Black female students. Through mixed methodology research, the authors examined comparisons between school cou...
Psychiatric Disorders Associated with Disturbed Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Sleep disturbance is one of the most common complaints associated with the psychiatric syndromes described in the DSM-IV-TR. The mood disorders, unipolar and bipolar together with anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)), have sleep disturbance in their criterion. Schizophrenia is also associated with poor sleep quality. Sleep and circadian disturbances influence the presentation and course of psychiatric illnesses, together with the quality of life, and in many cases help in predicting the outcome. Models developed from studies of sleep and circadian rhythms in psychiatric patients help us gain insight into the disease process itself. Proper diagnosis and treatment with emphasis on sleep and circadian rhythm lead to better understanding of the disorders, as well as an improved outcome.
How Do Social Media Increase Firm Performance? Entrainment of Innovation to Contention

In this theoretical paper, we propose a mechanism through which social media may enhance firm performance. To do so, we tab into a time lens, entrainment—the alignment of the timing and pace of a cyclic activity with those of another activity. We then argue that firms with high social media capabilities can more easily entrain their innovation to the speed, type, amount, and range of contention emanating from external stakeholders. We further argue that firms that entrain their innovation to the contention can increase their performance.
Visualizing the Impact of PEV Charging on the Power Grid

The penetration level of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) is projected to rise in the future, which will lead to significant stress to the power grid due to frequent charging behaviors and their high power demand. While many studies have demonstrated the static stress caused by PEVs for specific scenarios, there is no software platform available for the visualization of the PEVs’ dynamic impacts at the distribution level of the power grid. This paper presents a software prototype that fills this gap. The prototype allows for easy parameter definition, including driving habits, and PEV types. Its back end allows fast integration and data processing for scattered PEV charging over wide areas. The prototype also considers mitigation efforts by providing built-in algorithms for coordinated charging and location planning of charging stations. The prototype is demonstrated on the IEEE 8500 node test case and power systems within Columbus, OH ranging from 81 to 1230 nodes.
Trends in cannabis use among immigrants in the United States, 2002-2017: Evidence from two national surveys.

Abstract Background and aims Findings from recent studies suggest that, among the general population of adults, the prevalence of cannabis use has increased over the last decade in the United States (US). And yet, there is much we do not know regarding the trends in cannabis use among immigrants. We address this important shortcoming by examining data on immigrants vis-a-vis US-born individuals using two national surveys. Methods We examine trend data from the National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, 2001–2013) and the National Survey on Drug Use and Health's Restricted Data Analysis System (NSDUH, 2002–2017). Main outcomes were past year cannabis use and cannabis use disorder with survey adjusted prevalence estimates generated for immigrants and US-born individuals. Results In the NESARC, significant increases in the past year prevalence of cannabis use were observed both among US-born (2001–2002: 4.53%, 2012–2013: 10.74%) and immigrant participants (2001–2002: 1.67%, 2012–2013: 3.32%). We also found significant increases among immigrants arriving before age 12 and among immigrants from Latin America and Europe. In the NSDUH, we observed a significantly higher prevalence of cannabis use in 2016–2017 (6.3%) when compared to 2002–2003 (4.4%). Conclusions Findings make clear that cannabis use among US-born individuals has consistently been higher than that of immigrants since the early 2000s. However, while rates of cannabis use have declined among US-born adolescents in recent years, the prevalence of cannabis use has remained stable among immigrant adolescents. At the same time, cannabis use increased two-fold among both US-born and immigrant adults.
III-Nitride lateral transistor power switch

Abstract In this chapter, we discuss III-nitride lateral transistors for power switching applications. GaN-based transistors have the capabilities of delivering high current, handling high voltage, and switching at high speed. These are exactly what are needed for the next-generation power electronics with better efficiency, smaller form factor and lower cost. Development of GaN power switching transistor largely leveraged the work done for making GaN microwave transistors. In order for the GaN transistors to be used for power switching, several modifications to the GaN microwave transistor technology needs to be made. One is the normally-off operation. Power electronics circuits require the switches to be normally-off for safe circuit startup. A second one is the high-voltage operation. While most of today's microwave transistors operate between 28 and 48 V, power switching transistors often operate at 400–480 V. A third one is the use of Si substrates. While GaN-on-SiC structures are most common for microwave transistors, GaN-on-Si structures are needed for power switching transistors for lower cost and better manufacturability. In Section 1 , we discuss technologies to enable normally-off operation. In Section 2 , we discuss high-voltage operation of GaN transistors. In Section 3 , we discuss impact of using Si substrates on power switching characteristics. In Section 4 , we discuss factors limiting the performance of GaN-on-Si lateral transistor power switching performance.
Major Strides in HER2 Blockade for Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer that is characterized by amplification or overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) accounts for 15 to 20% of all forms of the disease. The advent of HER2-targ...
Joint intensity fusion with normalized cross-correlation metric for cross-modality MRI synthesis (Conference Presentation)

In this work, we extend the joint-intensity fusion (JIF) algorithm to use normalized cross-correlation (NCC) as the weighting metric for use in the context of cross-modality MRI synthesis, rather than sum squared intensity differences (SSD). We evaluate our method using the Kirby dataset, by synthesizing a representative FLAIR from a target subject’s T1w image. The accuracy of the synthetic FLAIR can be confirmed using the FLAIR taken for the target subject during the imaging session. For each subject in the dataset, using NCC with JIF results in a 51% lower mean absolute error than using SSD.
Tracking performance of the polarity-type costas loop at low SNR for UQPSK signal

Carrier tracking performance of the polarity type costas loop is analyzed for unbalanced quadriphase-shift-keyed (UQPSK) signals at low SNR. Squaring losses for various SNR, IF bandwidth, and data rate ratios are presented. The RMS phase jitter for a particular loop is computed for various I and Q channel power and data rate ratios. Experimental results using a breadboard costas loop are also included.
Nanotwin formation in Ni–Mo–W alloys deposited by dc magnetron sputtering

Abstract Nanotwinned metals and alloys have an attractive suite of properties, but the formation of the underlying nanostructure is generally dependent on the alloy chemistry and processing conditions. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of deposition rate on nanotwin formation in sputter deposited Ni84Mo11W5 that possess ultrahigh strength and stability. Deposition rates of 0.5–2.3 nm/s were examined and the grain size, texture, twin spacing and hardness were characterized. Minimal variations in the underlying nanostructure and attendant hardness were observed, elucidating a wide processing window and the importance of chemistry on the formation of nanotwins in this alloy.
Presence of endogenous viral elements negatively correlates with FeLV susceptibility in puma and domestic cat cells

While feline leukemia virus (FeLV) has been shown to infect felid species other than the endemic domestic cat host, differences in FeLV susceptibility among species has not been evaluated. Previous reports have noted a negative correlation between enFeLV copy number and exogenous FeLV infection outcomes in domestic cats. Since felids outside the genus Felis do not harbor enFeLV genomes, we hypothesized absence of enFeLV results in more severe disease consequences in felid species lacking these genomic elements. We infected primary fibroblasts isolated from domestic cats (Felis catus) and pumas (Puma concolor) with FeLV and quantitated proviral and viral antigen loads. Domestic cat enFeLV env and LTR copy numbers were determined for each individual and compared to FeLV viral outcomes. FeLV proviral and antigen levels were also measured in 6 naturally infected domestic cats and 11 naturally infected Florida panthers (P. concolor coryi). We demonstrated that puma fibroblasts are more permissive to FeLV than domestic cat cells, and domestic cat FeLV restriction was highly related to enFeLV LTR copy number. Terminal tissues from FeLV-infected Florida panthers and domestic cats had similar exFeLV proviral copy numbers, but Florida panther tissues have higher FeLV antigen loads. Our work indicates enFeLV LTR elements negatively regulate exogenous FeLV replication. Further, Puma concolor lacking enFeLV are more permissive to FeLV infection than domestic cats, suggesting endogenization can play a beneficial role in mitigating exogenous retroviral infections. Conversely, presence of endogenous retroelements may relate to new host susceptibility during viral spillover events.