cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solubility and stability of beryl in granitic melts

Beryllium contents of granitic melts at saturation in beryl (+ or - chrysoberyl, phenakite, or quartz) have been determined by forward- and reverse-direction experiments at 650-850 degrees C and 200 MPa using natural beryl or the compositionally equivalent mixture of phenakite + alumina + quartz added to metaluminous haplogranite, peraluminous haplogranite, and macusanite (a peraluminous Li, B, F, and P enriched rhyolite obsidian from Macusani, Peru). Chrysoberyl coexists with beryl + or - quartz in moderately to strongly peraluminous systems (ASI approximately > or =1.05); the assemblage phenakite + beryl + chrysoberyl is stable in silica-undersaturated bulk composition. The BeO content of the melts, which ranged between 0.03-0.40 wt%, varies principally with temperature (the solubility of beryl falls with decreasing T) and with the activity product of beryl, (alpha BeO) 3 (alpha Al2O3 )(alpha SiO2 ) 6 . Beryllia contents are lowest in strongly peraluminous and quartz-saturated haplogranite melts; however, the highest BeO content measured in glass products occurs for the strongly peraluminous macusanite at 850 degrees C (4016 ppm); we infer that the greater solubility of beryl in macusanite melt results from melt speciation reactions involving Li, F, B, and P. For all bulk compositions studied, the BeO content of melt projects to a narrow range of similar values at low T, near the solidus of haplogranite. Thus, metaluminous to peraluminous granitic magmas with and without common volatile and fluxing components will, if cooled to subsolidus temperatures, have similarly low BeO requirements for beryl saturation. The small BeO content of melt near the solidus of haplogranite results in a minor (10 degrees C) depression of the freezing point. Compared to Be-free haplogranite melt, the mean melt composition at the beryl-saturated granite minimum shifts slightly toward quartz. Beryl is common in peraluminous granitic rocks in part because lower BeO contents are required to saturate these melts in beryl, and possibly because these melts acquire higher BeO contents by mica melting reactions at their sources. Beryl is also a common constituent of border-facies assemblages in granitic pegmatite dikes, regardless of their ASI values. This early crystallization of beryl results from the low BeO content required to saturate any granitic melt in beryl at the low T-environments in which pegmatite dikes solidify.
Exploration on Vocational Skills Training of Poor College Students

This article is based on vocational skills training for poor college students,from the macro environment,policy guidance,individual psychological level,focused on the current problems,and puts forward a solution.On this basis,proposed to expand employment channels,expand vocational training to actively use the Internet and other specialized channels,programs for poor students a better solution to provide vocational skills training for new ideas.
As Details of Culture of Alcoholic Drink Constructing Famous Brand Operating Project

From general product to famous brand operation, and from Huangtai to Jinhuangtai's developed and selled well, main reasons were using strategy of cultural operation to open up market and develop enterprise.
Research on iron ore pellet drying modeling for grate kiln process

Green pellet drying is an important process for grate-kiln system,of which the drying condition is closely related to later pellet quality.The two-stage drying is applied,and a kinetic drying model is built based on the research of heat transfer phenomenon.The heat and mass changes together with hot wind direction changing are included in this model.The simulation curve shows that the models well describe the processes of moisture evaporation,heat exchange of outer air,et.al.The comparison shows that the model is efficient and reflects the realistic drying process.It also provides the foundation of accurate drying control and optimization for iron ore pellet drying process.
Measurement of Inositol Triphosphate Levels from Rat Hippocampal Slices

Inositol triphosphate (IP3) is an important second messenger that participates in signal transduction pathways in diverse cell types including hippocampal neurons. Stimulation of phospholipase C in response to various stimuli (hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, neurotrophins, neuromodulators, odorants, light, etc) results in hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a phospholipid that is located in the plasma membrane, and leads to the production of IP3 and diacylglycerol. Binding of IP3 to the IP3 receptor (IP3R) induces Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and enables the initiation of intracellular Ca2+-dependent signaling. Here we describe a procedure for the measurement of cellular IP3 levels in tissue homogenates prepared from rat hippocampal slices.
The effect of storage on ammonia, cytokine, and chemokine concentrations in feline whole blood

Objective To determine if the concentrations of ammonia and inflammatory mediators in feline stored whole blood (SWB) increase with duration of storage. Design Prospective ex vivo study. Setting University Teaching Hospital. Animals Thirteen cats, recruited from the hospital feline donor pool, deemed healthy based on the predonation donor screening process. Interventions One unit (30 mL) of whole blood was collected from 13 unique blood donor cats, anticoagulated with citrate-phosphate-dextrose, and stored at 4°C. Concentrations of ammonia, interleukin (IL) 6, and IL-10 were measured in 5 units weekly for 4 weeks. Presence of chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8 was measured weekly in 8 other units in the same manner. Measurements and Main Results The ammonia concentration increased nonlinearly with duration of storage, from a median of 48 μmol/L (range 25–74 μmol/L) on day 0 and 417 μmol/L (324–457 μmol/L) on day 28. IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were below the lower limits of detection of the assay used (IL-6 < 31.2 pg/mL and IL-10 < 125 pg/mL). CXCL-8 was detected in 4 of 8 SWB units at all time points. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Ammonia concentration increases with storage time in feline SWB. The clinical significance of this finding is yet to be determined. The presence of the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL-8 in feline SWB warrants further research to determine whether it can incite an inflammatory response in the recipient. Further research evaluating the epidemiology of transfusion reactions in cats should evaluate the effect of unit age, and should include the possible impact of the presence of CXCL-8.
An outlook into ultra-scale visualization of large-scale biological data

As bioinformatics has evolved from a reductionistic approach to a complementary multi-scale integrative approach, new challenges in ultra-scale visualization have arisen. Even though visualization is a critical component to large-scale biological data analysis, the ultra-scale nature of systems biology has given rise to novel problems in visualization that are not addressed by existing methods. Visualization is a rich and actively researched domain, and there are many open research questions pertaining to the increasing demands of visualization in bioinformatics. In this paper, we present several broadly important ultra-scale visualization challenges and discuss specific examples of ultra-scale applications in systems biology.
Assessing water-related plant traits to explain slow-wilting in soybean PI 471938

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotype PI 471938 expresses a slow-wilting phenotype in the field, and the progeny of this genotype have shown to have high yield under water deficit conditions. However, the physiological basis for the slow-wilting trait in PI 471938 remains unclear, and failure to understand the causal mechanism may limit future breeding efforts. This study investigated three primary hypotheses for trait expression that could explain slow-wilting trait in PI 471938: (1) a low osmotic potential in the leaves allowing greater water retention, (2) high elastic modulus of leaves resulting in delayed development of wilting, and (3) high hydraulic conductance allowing rapid water redistribution in the plants. Experiments included three other soybean genotypes as references for the results obtained with PI 471938. Surprisingly, the results for PI 471938 did not prove to be unique as compared to the other three tested genotypes for any of the three hypotheses. These negative results ind...
Measuring the Effects of Firm Promotion Expenditures on Green Industry Sales

This paper measures the effectiveness of green industry firms' promotion and advertising expenditures in enhancing sales. Specifically the paper addresses the following three questions: 1) Are promotion and advertising expenditures effective in increasing sales of green industry firms? 2) What are the types of promotion and advertising efforts that have the highest returns for their investment? 3) How does the answer to these two questions change depending on the size of the firm? In order to answer these questions, a model was specified to measure the increase in sales for green industry firms as a result of promotion activities and the associated elasticities of promotion were used to calculate a benefit cost ratio. The returns to promotion expenditures differed depending on media used and also by firm size with ranges from not significant to $7.5 returns per every $1 allocated to promotion and advertising.
Hedging the Risk of Delays in Multimodal Journey Planning

Traditional multimodal journey planners are deterministic. However, uncertainty in a transportation network can often lead to missed connections, causing delays and hurting the reliability level of the service. We overview what we believe to be the first multimodal journey advising system that is capable to reason under uncertainty, providing more reliable journey plans.
On latency-aware tree topology construction for emergency responding VANET applications

Largely speaking, Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a special type of Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET), which has been a subject of numerous investigations over last decades. Topology control is an effective strategy to control network latency and improve energy efficiency of various types of MANET. VANET has several unique characteristics, and therefore it is not straightforward for VANET to adopt an existing topology control strategy for MANET. This paper introduces a new coordination algorithm to construct a tree topology for emergency responding VANET, which is highly dynamic by nature. Specifically, the algorithm computes a rooted tree topology among VANET nodes, which are highly mobile but voluntarily reveal their short-term future travel plans. The resulting tree topology is maintained for a certain time period while putting the communication latency under control, and therefore is highly useful for a government entity to collect realtime information of an emergency scene and distribute notifications to citizens in a timely manner. Using simulation, we verify the effectiveness of our approach.
Test Generation and Lightweight Checking for Multi-core Memory Consistency

In this book chapter, we introduce a post-silicon validation solution for multi-core memory consistency. We first introduce several memory consistency models widely used in modern multi-core microprocessors, and explain memory consistency validation efforts in the literature. We then present MTraceCheck, our post-silicon memory consistency validation framework. MTraceCheck is based on a constrained-random testing approach that generates many constrained-random test programs designed to stress-test a variety of memory-access interleaving behaviors across multiple cores. We instrument the generated tests with our novel observability-enhancing code, which computes a compact signature representing the memory-access interleaving patterns observed during the test execution. The instrumented tests are then repeatedly run to exhibit subtle memory ordering behaviors, and we gather a collection of signatures from the repeated runs. Finally, we apply a novel efficient checking algorithm to detect any consistency violation from the collection of signatures. We evaluate MTraceCheck on two platforms: an x86-based desktop and an ARM-based single-board computer. Compared to a conventional memory-tracking method, we significantly reduce memory operations introduced for the purpose of verification by 93% on average. In addition, we reduce the checking computation requirements by 81% on average, compared to a conventional checking algorithm. We also demonstrate that MTraceCheck can detect subtle bugs in a full-system simulator.
Estimation of solar heat gain using illumination sensor measurements

Abstract Solar radiation is an important but unpredictable source of thermal energy in an indoor space. The incident and absorbed solar radiation, and consequently solar heat gain, is difficult to model accurately even when detailed information about the building design, orientation, and material properties is available. This article presents a novel approach to estimate radiant solar heat gain using measurements from ceiling mounted illumination sensors. This proposed approach captures the effect of directional solar radiation on solar heat gain of an indoor space that cannot be captured (or estimated) by local weather station measurements. Measured illumination data from day-long experiments for several (cloudy and sunny) days is first compared with solar heat gain to demonstrate strong correlation between them irrespective of sky condition (with average correlation coefficients of 0.84 and 0.77 for cloudy and sunny days respectively). Next, a linear model to estimate radiant heat gain from illumination sensor readings is proposed and validated against calculated solar heat gain values using the well-known Perez model. For further validation, similar experiments are performed on another testbed with different geographical location and orientation. Finally, we demonstrate that illumination sensors can also provide spatial distribution of solar heat gain inside an indoor space.
Control of protein cysteine oxidation in lung fibrosis via a coordinated network of protein disulfide oxidoreductases

Pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating progressive disease that is fatal within 3-5 years of diagnosis. We recently demonstrated increases in protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG) in lungs from patients with IPF which correlated with loss of lung function (Anathy, Nature Medicine 2018). We have also shown that PSSG in lung epithelial cells is controlled by glutaredoxin (GLRX) glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP), and protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3). Assessment of transcripts of these oxidoreductases in IPF lung tissues and controls revealed small but statistically significant increases in mRNA levels of PDIA3, whereas expression of GSTPand GLRXmRNAs was unchanged in IPF patients compared to controls. Despite the lack of GSTPmRNA expression changes in IPF, we have observed robust expression of GSTP in hyperplastic type II epithelial cells and in regions of disease progression in IPF.Pharmacological inhibition of GSTP, using TLK117, a clinically applicable inhibitor of GSTP, protected against the progression of bleomycin-induced fibrosis in association with decreased S-glutathionylation (McMillan JCI Insight 2016). Despite slight changes in GLRXmRNA, GLRX enzymatic activity was strongly attenuated in lungs from patients with IPF. Administration of recombinant active Glrx to mice with pre-existing bleomycin or TGFB1-induced fibrosis reversed the existing increases in fibrosis in association with decreased S-glutathionylation. Similarly, epithelial specific ablation of Pdia3, or pharmacological inhibition of PDIs also attenuated bleomycin-induced lung epithelial apoptosis and fibrosis in mice. Collectively these findings suggest that multiple redox enzymes (PDIA3, GSTP, GLRX) act in concert to control the extent of S-glutathionylation, apoptosis and fibrogenesis. Coordinated targeting of this enzyme axis may provide a powerful strategy to restore redox homeostasis and reverse fibrosis. Our findings also indicate that global transcriptomics analyses in lung tissue homogenates may not identify relevant targets for pharmacological manipulation, given that PDIA3, GSTP, and GLRX activities, were found be a strong determinants of disease progression, instead of mRNA expression.
Demonstration of stimulated photon echo isolation using interferometric cancellation.

An alternative to phase-matched angled beam spatial-spectral holographic grating geometries for separating stimulated photon echoes (SPEs) from the probing pulse is proposed and demonstrated. By use of a Mach–Zehnder geometry with inhomogeneously broadened medium in both paths, the SPE can be interferometrically isolated from the generating probe pulse. This interferometric-based technique is well suited to waveguide geometries, which have benefits for future quantum and classical optical signal processing applications such as quantum memories, correlation, and efficient cryogenic microwave-to-optical conversion. Experimental demonstrations showing interferometric-based isolation in Tm3+-doped LiNbO3 at 3.2 K are performed and analyzed.
Influence of Counterion Structure on Conductivity of Polymerized Ionic Liquids

We performed long-time all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of cationic polymerized ionic liquids with eight mobile counterions, systematically varying size and shape to probe their influence on the decoupling of conductivity from polymer segmental dynamics. We demonstrated rigorous identification of the dilatometric glass-transition temperature (Tg) for polymerized ionic liquids using an all-atom force field. Polymer segmental relaxation rates are presumed to be consistent for different materials at the same glass-transition-normalized temperature (Tg/T), allowing us to extract a relative order of decoupling by examining conductivity at the same Tg/T. Size, or ionic volume, cannot fully explain decoupling trends, but within certain geometric and chemical-specific classes, small ions generally show a higher degree of decoupling. This size effect is not universal and appears to be overcome when structural results reveal substantial coordination delocalization. We also reveal a universal inverse correlat...
A synthetic cdo/csad taurine pathway in the green unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Abstract Synthetic taurine is an important animal feed supplement critical for fish and cat nutrition. However, there is a demand for natural and renewable sources of this nutraceutical additive. The objective of this study was to increase the production of taurine using genetically engineered Chlamydomonas reinhardtii modified to have the cysteine dioxygenase/cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CDO/CSAD) taurine synthesis pathway from animals. Because unicellular green microalgae produce taurine at low levels, methods to increase taurine content may qualify the use of these microbes as a feed supplement. Here, increased microalgal taurine content was accomplished using a synthetic approach based on addition of the CDO/CSAD taurine biosynthetic pathway from animals into the chloroplasts of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. To optimize synthesis, genes were codon optimized and transformed as either separate genes (cdo::csad) or as a fusion protein (cdo-csad). Genotyping confirmed the identity of stable homoplasmic cdo::sad and cdo-csad transformants while HPLC-MS was used to identify pathway intermediates and the end product taurine. While the cdo-csad fusion transformants produced only the first taurine intermediate, cysteine sulfinic acid (CSA), the cdo::csad transformants produced CSA, hypotaurine, and taurine indicating successful synthetic expression of the animal taurine pathway in microalgae. Unsuccessful expression of the fusion construct explained the lack of end product formation and resulted from premature transcript cleavage as indicated by Northern and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, culture supplementation with the pathway precursors, cysteine and methionine, improved production of CDO/CSAD pathway intermediates. These results support the feasibility of using engineered microalgae coupled with culture supplementation to meet taurine requirements for use as an animal feed supplement.
Establishing Competencies for Physicians Who Specialize in the Practice of Lifestyle Medicine

Purpose: This activity by the Expert Lifestyle Medicine Panel (ELMP) proposes a set of competencies for providers who specialize in the practice of lifestyle medicine (LM), focused on intensive therapeutic lifestyle change. Methods: ELMP invited a core consensus group consisting of 13 providers who specialize in LM and key stakeholders to develop, by consensus, a set of competencies for those specializing in the practice of LM based on the LM core competencies for primary care physicians published in 2010. Two ELMP members (JK and MCK) facilitated and moderated the consensus process conducted by email and teleconference. The competencies were emailed to the consensus group for comment and revision and, through an iterative process, full consensus was reached by the 13-member group. Competencies were organized into the 6 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and American Board of Medical Specialties (ACGME/ABMS) categories. Results: The final set of competencies consist of 34 competencies in the 6 ACGME/ABMS categories. Conclusion: This new set of competencies will provide guidance for the education, certification, and practice of lifestyle medicine by physicians and other health providers who specialize in the practice of intensive lifestyle medicine treatment.
The Role of Information Asymmetry in CSR Reporting: A Comparison of Publicly-Traded and Privately-Held Firms

There is no consensus in the literature regarding what motivates firms to voluntarily publish corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports or who are the intended audiences of such reports. To help address this gap in the literature, I test whether the degree of information asymmetry between the firm and its owners is a significant factor contributing to the publication of CSR reports. The study is the first to analyze the reporting frequencies of both publicly-traded firms and privately-held firms whose ownership is subject to less information asymmetry. Using a sample of 239 of the largest private companies in the U.S. matched with publicly-traded firms, the effect of ownership structure on CSR reporting frequency is tested using logistic regression. Factors suggested by stakeholder and legitimacy theories, including firm size, firm visibility, customer power, and employee power are also tested. Results indicate that private firms are much less likely to publish a CSR report than similar public firms. Public firms are also found to follow the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines at a higher rate than private firms, in-keeping with a greater need to signal report quality to dispersed investors. Private firms reporting to the SEC because they have over 300 shareholders, anticipate an IPO, or have publicly-traded debt are found to be similar to public firms in their reporting behavior. Since the information environment of these firms represents a middle-ground between public companies and typical private firms, their reporting behavior reinforces the argument that information asymmetry is a motivation for voluntary CSR disclosure.
Antarctic arms control as past precedent

The 1959 Antarctic Treaty made Antarctica the world’s first and only demilitarised continent, the world’s first denuclearised zone, and pioneered a comprehensive inspections system. This article explores Antarctic arms control as past precedent. It finds that the United States, which spearheaded the Antarctic Treaty negotiations, initially rationalised arms control in Antarctica as an isolated endeavour. Yet its potential elsewhere quickly appealed to various officials involved in the treaty negotiations and aligned with public perception. Subsequent initiatives for arms control took broad inspiration from the Antarctic Treaty, but regional differences limited specific adaptations.
Swelling of multi-responsive spherical polyelectrolyte brushes across a wide range of grafting densities

Multi-stimulus responsive weak polyelectrolyte brushes were grafted by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization from spherical silica nanoparticles across a wide range of grafting densities approaching the limit of close packing of grafting sites: a regime not previously explored in the brush swelling literature. Brushes consisted of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) homopolymers or poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-r-poly(4-metharyloyloxyazobenzene) random copolymers P (DMAEMA-r-MOAB) and were subjected to pH-, temperature-, and photoisomerization-induced swelling and deswelling. Homopolymer brushes were prepared at grafting densities ranging from 0.12 to 1.4 nm−2 and number average degrees of polymerization ranging from 300 to 1200. Two copolymer brushes with 8 mol% and 13 mol% of the nonionizable, photoresponsive MOAB units were compared with homopolymer brushes prepared at similar grafting densities and degrees of polymerization. Dynamic light scattering was used to measure the hydrodynamic radius of grafted nanoparticles, and thus brush thickness, in water. Brush swelling in response to increased DMAEMA protonation followed a single scaling behavior across the full range of degrees of polymerization and grafting densities. Incorporating azobenzene-containing MOAB comonomers introduced a modest photoresponsive control of brush swelling and decreased the brush thickness relative to the comparable PDMAEMA homopolymer brush, without affecting the scaling with respect to protonation. PDMAEMA brushes exhibited a pH-dependent lower critical solution temperature behavior, resulting in a thermal collapse of up to 50% upon heating. This work demonstrates that scaling behaviors previously tested at low grafting densities hold for extremely high grafting densities and that they are unaffected by moderate nonionizable comonomer content.
Clark Lunberry and Joseph Roach, eds., The Very Thought of Herbert Blau

This important collection of essays by Herbert Blau’s colleagues, artist-collaborators, and former students assesses his work as an intellectual, director, and theatre theorist. A moving and skilfu...
Computerized ICU Data Management

Much effort has been spent in developing ICU computer systems to provide crisis alarms for events such as cardiac arrest and disconnection from a respirator. With the exception of arrhythmia detection in CCU care, however, alarms based on vital signs have not had significant success. This is in large part because alarms from a central computer duplicate those from bedside hardware.
Simple rules to guide expert classifications

Judges, doctors and managers are among those decision makers who must often choose a course of action under limited time, with limited knowledge and without the aid of a computer. Because data‐driven methods typically outperform unaided judgements, resource‐constrained practitioners can benefit from simple, statistically derived rules that can be applied mentally. In this work, we formalize long‐standing observations about the efficacy of improper linear models to construct accurate yet easily applied rules. To test the performance of this approach, we conduct a large‐scale evaluation in 22 domains and focus in detail on one: judicial decisions to release or detain defendants while they await trial. In these domains, we find that simple rules rival the accuracy of complex prediction models that base decisions on considerably more information. Further, comparing with unaided judicial decisions, we find that simple rules substantially outperform the human experts. To conclude, we present an analytical framework that sheds light on why simple rules perform as well as they do.
Motivations for opioid and stimulant use among drug using black sexual minority men: A life course perspective

Abstract Introduction HIV-related disparities persist among U.S. Black sexual minority men (BSMM). Generational differences in drug use trends and the HIV/AIDS epidemic have created different risk trajectories for BSMM. This study explored age-related differences in the profiles, motivations, and contexts of opioid and stimulant use among drug using BSMM. Methods Participants were recruited using active and passive strategies and in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted among 30 BSMM in Baltimore, MD from December 2018 to March 2019. Exploratory drug testing was conducted to confirm drug use and identify the presence of synthetic materials. Thematic analysis was conducted guided by Life Course theoretical domains. Results Participants’ ages ranged from 25−63 (mean age 41, SD = 12.4); 40 % were under age 35, 60 % were age 35 and older. Most (86.7 %) were living with HIV. Older BSMM attributed drug use initiation to social trends and sexual partners; younger men shared that prescription painkiller use led to misuse to address emotional pain. Across age groups, childhood sexual abuse and other major events along the life course increased BSMM’s drug use as a coping strategy. Discussion and Conclusion HIV and drug use interventions should support BSMM through targeted mental health services and trauma-informed healthcare models.
Associations of Common Depression Treatment Metrics With Patient-centered Outcomes

Background Various metrics predicated on Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores denote depression "response" or "remission" over time, but few have been empirically validated. We compare the associations of depression response and remission metrics with concomitant clinical improvement in patient-centered outcomes (PCOs). Subjects Secondary analysis of PHQ-9 and PCO data from the treatment arm (n=906) of the Improving Mood-Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment (IMPACT) trial. Research design We conducted univariate correlations between 9 depression treatment metrics and 4 PCOs. For each PCO, we specified a multivariate linear fixed-effects regression model with penalized LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) variable selection that included parameters for each incremental absolute PHQ-9 decrease between 0 and 16 points. Model predictive properties were assessed using a split sample analysis. Results There was a notable variation in depression improvement rates across metrics. Each metric was significantly associated with PCOs in univariate analyses. In the multivariate models, the cumulative likelihood of PCO improvement was most improved by absolute PHQ-9 score decreases of 7-9 and 14-16 points. The multivariate models showed greater area under the curve (0.671-0.804) in out-of-sample predictions of PCO changes than the univariate models (0.529-0.649). Conclusions Choice of depression response metric impacts observed response and remission rates, though PCOs tend to improve with depression improvement regardless of metric choice. Absolute incremental PHQ-9 score decreases are broadly associated with an increased likelihood of favorable PCO scores. Our findings support a novel PHQ-9 metric defined by an absolute score change of 8 points or greater.
How Do Terms-of-Trade Effects Matter for Trade Agreements?

Do negotiated tariffs under the WTO deviate significantly from the first-best agreement? If so, why? To answer these questions, we consider two potential causes of deviation from the first-best in WTO negotiations: (i) a free-riding problem that may be caused by the WTO's nondiscrimination requirement, and (ii) asymmetric information about government preferences. Theories based on the above two causes generate starkly different predictions about the relationship between import market power and negotiated tariffs. Using WTO tariff data, we find that the pattern of negotiated tariffs is consistent with the implication of a negotiation model under asymmetric information. The free-riding problem appears to have a weak effect.
Accelerated aging of the brain transcriptome by the common chemotherapeutic doxorubicin

Cancer is one of the most common age-related diseases, and over one-third of cancer patients will receive chemotherapy. One frequently reported side effect of chemotherapeutic agents like doxorubicin (Doxo) is impaired cognitive function, commonly known as "chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI)", which may mimic accelerated brain aging. The biological mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of Doxo on the brain are unclear but could involve mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we characterized brain (hippocampal) transcriptome and cognitive/behavioral changes in young mice treated with Doxo +/- the mitochondrial therapeutic MitoQ. We found that Doxo altered transcriptome/biological processes related to synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter function, neuronal health and behavior, and that these gene expression changes were: 1) similar to key differences observed in transcriptome data on brain aging; and 2) associated with related, aging-like behavioral differences, such as decreased exploration time and impaired novel object recognition test (NOR, an index of learning/memory) performance. Interestingly, MitoQ partially prevented Doxo-induced transcriptome changes in the brain, but it had no effect on behavior or cognitive function. Collectively, our findings are consistent with the idea that chemotherapeutic agents could induce neuronal/gene expression and behavioral changes similar to those that occur during brain aging. In this context, mitochondrial therapeutics may have potential as treatments for CICI at the biological level, but their effects on behavior/cognitive function require further investigation.
Scaling of Kondo spin relaxation: Experiments on Cu-based nonlocal spin valves with Fe impurities

The relation between the Kondo spin-relaxation rate ${{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{sK}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and the Kondo momentum-relaxation rate ${{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{eK}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is explored by using nonlocal spin valves with submicron copper channels that contain dilute iron impurities. A linear relation between ${{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{sK}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{eK}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is established under varying temperatures for any given device. Among 20 devices, however, ${{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{sK}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ remains nearly constant, despite variation of ${{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{eK}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ by a factor of 10. This surprising relation can be understood by considering spin relaxation through overlapping Kondo screening clouds and supports the physical existence of the elusive Kondo clouds.
Type I PRMTs and PRMT5 Inversely Regulate Post-Transcriptional Intron Detention

ABSTRACT Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are required for the regulation of RNA processing factors. Type I enzymes catalyze mono- and asymmetric dimethylation; Type II enzymes catalyze mono- and symmetric dimethylation. To understand the specific mechanisms of PRMT activity in splicing regulation, we inhibited Type I and II PRMTs and probed their transcriptomic consequences. Using the newly developed SKaTER-seq method, analysis of co-transcriptional splicing revealed that PRMT inhibition resulted in slower splicing rates. Surprisingly, altered co-transcriptional splicing kinetics correlated poorly with ultimate changes in alternative splicing of polyadenylated RNA—particularly intron retention (RI). Investigation of RI following inhibition of nascent transcription demonstrated that PRMTs inversely regulate RI post-transcriptionally. Subsequent proteomic analysis of chromatin-associated polyadenylated RNA identified aberrant binding of the Type I substrate, CHTOP, and the Type II substrate, SmB. Targeted mutagenesis of all methylarginine sites in SmD3, SmB, and SmD1 recapitulated splicing changes seen with Type II PRMT inhibition. Conversely, mutagenesis of all methylarginine sites in CHTOP recapitulated the splicing changes seen with Type I PRMT inhibition. Closer examination of subcellular fractions indicated that RI were isolated to the nucleoplasm and chromatin. Together, these data demonstrate that PRMTs regulate the post-transcriptional processing of nuclear, detained introns through Sm and CHTOP arginine methylation.
Conceptualizing and Measuring Biracial/Multiracial/Multiethnic Status: Friendship Homophily in Early Adolescence:

This special issue highlights biracial/multiracial/multiethnic early adolescents as a fast-growing demographic warranting greater inclusion in developmental research. We address several likely barr...
Single-Institution Phase 1/2 Prospective Trial Evaluating Three-Fraction Partial Breast Irradiation: Safety and Patient-Reported Outcomes of TRI-APBI.

Purpose/Objective(s) To report the initial tolerance, quality-of-life (QoL), and cosmetic outcomes from a single institutional prospective phase I/II clinical trial of three fraction accelerated partial breast irradiation (Tri-APBI). Materials/Methods Eligible breast cancer patients were treated with breast conserving surgery to negative margins and were at least 50 years old, postmenopausal, with hormone sensitive, HER-2 negative cancers, and stage pTis-1N0M0 (2 cm or less in size). HDR brachytherapy using a SAVI applicator (22.5 Gy in 3 fractions) or external beam radiation (EBRT) (25.5 Gy in 3 fractions) over 2-3 days was used to deliver Tri-APBI. APBI modality was chosen by the treating physician, based on physical exam and ultrasound assessment of the surgical bed. In general, those surgical beds suitable for brachytherapy were treated with SAVI. EBRT was delivered using MR-guidance, unless contraindicated. The PTV for all patients was created using a 1-cm expansion of breast tissue around the surgical bed limited 0.5 cm from the skin surface, and for SAVI patients excluded the applicator. Coprimary endpoints were grade 3+ CTCAEv4.0 toxicity and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR). Patient-reported QOL and cosmesis via qualitative and quantitative methods were also assessed. Results From August 2018 to January 2021, 73 of a planned 75 patients have been treated. Stage I disease was present in 78% and EBRT was used in 59%. Median follow-up was 14 months from completion of Tri-APBI (range, 1 - 28). There has been no grade 3+ CTCAEv4.0 toxicities, and no cancer recurrences. Qualitative cosmesis, as measured by the Aaronson-modified Harris scale, was evaluated by patients and providers respectively as good-to-excellent in 94% and 98% pre-treatment and 94% and 95% at latest follow-up. Quantitative cosmesis was assessed by percentage of breast retraction assessment (pBRA) and showed that breast asymmetry did not significantly worsen compared to pre-treatment, with a baseline mean pBRA of 7.2% (range 2.1 - 22.6%) and a 12-month mean pBRA of 6.9% (range 1.6 - 26.8%). There was no significant decline in QOL over time after APBI as assessed by the EORTC core (QLQ-C30) and breast cancer-specific (QLQ-BR23) QOL questionnaires. Conclusion Tri-APBI as delivered with EBRT or SAVI in this trial was safe, with a minimal initial impact on patient-reported quality of life, qualitative and quantitative cosmesis. Further follow-up is needed to evaluate efficacy.
The Spanish Civil War: A Modern Tragedy

1. From Republic to Civil War 2. Men and Women in Arms 3. Volcanic Eruptions: Popular Experiences of Revolution and Violence 4. The Mosaic of Politics: Conflict and Consensus in the Republican and Nationalist Zones 5. Spain in the International Arena 6. Race, Religion and Gender 7. Political Life Behind the Lines 8. The Tide Turns: Military Engagements, 1937-1938 9. The End Comes
The Substantive Elements in the New Special Pleading Laws

Recently there have emerged new special pleading standards applicable to discrete substantive law claims or to certain remedial requests. These norms often raise troubling procedure/substance questions in separation of powers and choice of law settings. The questions are especially difficult where the standards are hard to locate; to distinguish from nonpleading laws; and to differentiate by rationale(s).In the separation of powers setting, these questions must be approached only after undertaking a distinct and detailed analysis of each relevant government's allocation of lawmaking duties. American governments differ significantly in these allocations.In the choice of law setting, these questions can arise in circumstances involving Erie, reverse-Erie and choice of state law. The procedure/substance issues here must be approached only after undertaking a close look at functions, not labels; at the possibility of false conflicts; and without a parochial view as to the possible location or designation of the special pleading norms of other interested governments.
Imperfectly rational choice: Rationality as the result of a costly activity

Abstract In identifying characteristics of people and of their choices that determine their degree of rationality — the nature and incidence of imperfect rationality — this paper suggests that there are often observable criteria by which to judge the applicability of the rational choice model to a particular market or choice situation. Clearer understanding will cut both ways, bringing more of non-economic behavior into the productive domain of rational choice analysis while at the same time showing economic, and non-economic, behavior that is badly modeled by the assumption of rational decision makers.
Immunolocalization of integrins in the human retina.

Purpose. Integrins are cell surface proteins that participate in interactions between cells and with extracellular matrix. Binding of integrins to their ligands influences cell activities including proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Expression of integrin subunits from three different subfamilies was examined in human retina. Methods. Integrins were detected in frozen sections of two human retinas with an avidinbiotin-complex immunohistochemical technique, using nine different monoclonal antibodies specific for a2, «s, a4, a5, a6, av, 0\, /?2, and /33. One retina was from a patient who had conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, and the other was from uninvolved regions of an eye with a choroidal melanoma. Results. All integrins tested were detectable in consistent patterns in two retinas. All except a2 and a4 were stained vibrantly in retinal and choroidal vessels. All alpha subunit staining of vessels showed overlap or close proximity to f3\ staining. In addition to vessels, (3\ was also present in the internal limiting membrane; a2, a3, a4, a5, and /32 were all found throughout much of the neural retina, albeit with distinctive staining patterns. Other than in association with vessels, a6 and av were not detected in neural retina, and /?3 was only weakly detected in the nerve fiber layer; a4 and /32 were expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium; /?i and /?2 were strongly expressed in drusen present in one of the eyes. Conclusion. Nine integrin subunits have been found to have unique distributions in adult human retina. An understanding of the distribution in normal retina can serve as a useful contrast to patterns of staining associated with retinal diseases. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994; 35:3466-3474.
The Decision to Remain Single: Implications for Women Across Cultures

Greater numbers of heterosexual women are choosing to never marry. The decision to remain single or indefinitely postpone marriage seeking may be perceived as different from many within the individual's family or social group. The purpose of this discussion is to highlight some of the societal problems and pressures women experience when choosing to not marry. Negative and positive consequences of this marital choice across cultures are examined, and counseling implications are provided.
Service-Oriented Workflow Systems

From an economic point of view, web services are gaining momentum in the so-called network economics. Service composition, or service-based workflow, offers enhanced reusability, agility, and dynamicity. Many resources including data, computational resources, and others are wrapped with service interfaces to enable uniform access. Workflow systems are increasingly being developed to allow users to integrate, orchestrate, and monitor various local or remote service resources to perform tasks like transaction processing, batch job execution, and scientific discovery. This chapter uses web service and service interchangeably, and service workflow and service composition interchangeably. It summarizes the research of workflow in service oriented computing (SOC) into five topics, that is, languages for service composition, automatic service composition, mediation-aided service composition, verification of service workflow, and decentralized execution of workflow. The chapter discusses some of the issues in evolving IT environment: social network meets service computing and practical and flexible service composition.
Extreme value analysis and the study of climate change

In his paper in Climate Monitor, TML Wigley uses basic probability arguments to illustrate how a slowly changing climate could potentially affect the frequency of extreme events. In the time since the paper appeared, there has been increased interest in assessing how weather extremes may be altered by climate change. Much of the work has been conducted using extreme value analysis, which is the branch of statistics developed specifically to characterize extreme events. This commentary discusses the advantages of an EVA approach and reviews some EVA techniques that have been used to describe climate change’s potential impact on extreme phenomena. Additionally, this commentary illustrates basic EVA techniques in an analysis of temperatures for central England. In parallel to Wigley’s analysis, a time-varying EVA analysis is compared to a stationary one, and furthermore, the trend from the EVA analysis is compared to the trend in means.
The effect of term limits on patterns of interest group contributions in state legislatures, 2006–2010

What is the effect of state legislative term limits on interest group contribution decisions? Although much literature examines interest group behavior, and a separate literature examines the effect of term limits on state legislatures, to date little work has been done to bring these literatures together. In this article, we test the theory that interest groups view contributions as long-term investments in legislators. Snyder (1992) finds this effect in the US Congress, and in this article we test this argument in a new institutional setting. We find that interest groups use term limits as a cue to decrease their investment in legislators who get termed out of office and that this effect is as strong as or stronger than increasing the competitiveness of the election.
Radio goniopolarimetry: Dealing with multiple or 1-D extended sources

[1] The goniopolarimetric methods, also known as direction finding, are powerful methods which are used to obtain the intensity, the polarization, and the position of the low-frequency radio sources in the sky plane. These methods have been applied to several auroral sources and to the solar wind sources. The results obtained by these methods have allowed us to drastically improve our understanding of the processes occurring in the concerned regions. These methods are only valid for point source, or weak extended sources, whereas in many cases extended or multiple sources are expected. Some methods allow to obtain the characteristic size of the source, but not its shape or the intensity distribution inside it. In the present paper a method is proposed which can determine the intensity distribution inside an extended, but one-dimensional source and which can be applied to observations of two close sources. Application to simulated auroral and solar wind emissions are also presented.