cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagenesis of the Feixianguan oolitic shoal reservoirs in the northeastern Sichuan Basin——examples from Xuanhan-Daxian and Yuanba areas

Two types of reservoirs occur in the Feixianguan Formation in northeastern Sichuan Basin,namely oolitic dolomite of exposed shoal facies on platform margins and oolitic limestone of shoal facies on platform margins.Based on an integrated analysis of various data including thin section observation,cathodoluminescence,scanning electron microscope and inclusion thermometry,a study of the characteristics of oolitic shoal reservoirs and their diagenesis is made in combination with the research on the tectonic strength and phases of the Yuanba area since the Indo-Chinese epoch.The results show that the physical properties of oolitic dolomite reservoirs in the Xuanhan-Daxian area are much better than those of oolitic limestone reservoirs in the Yuanba area.The oolitic dolomite reservoirs in the Xuanhan-Daxian area are characterized by greater intensity and multiple phases of diagenesis such as cataclasis,recrystallization and dissolution.The rocks experienced five phases of cataclasis and dissolution,among which the second,third and fifth phases were favorable for reservoir formation,and their recrystallization was strong.In contrast,the oolitic limestone reservoirs in the Yuanba area are featured by weaker strength and less phases of diagenesis such as cataclasis,recrystallization and dissolution.The rocks experienced three phases of cataclasis and dissolution,among which the second and third phases were favorable for reservoir development,and their recrystallization was weak.The macro-characteristics of dolomites show that the genesis of the oolitic dolomite is deposition rather than limestone metasomatism.
Oral Health and Pneumonia

The oral cavity can serve as a source of infection of the lungs. Aspiration of bacteria from the oral cavity into the lower airway is possible since the surfaces of the oral cavity are contiguous with those of the trachea and lower airway. Aspirated bacteria, either normal inhabitants of the oral cavity that serve as opportunistic pathogens in susceptible patients or exogenous pathogens that are not normal members of the oral flora and that transiently colonize the oral cavity, can cause lung infections. In addition, biological mediators, such as cytokines and hydrolytic enzymes, released from the periodontium as the result of periodontal inflammation are aspirated into the airway and may stimulate inflammation and increase susceptibility to infection. This chapter reviews recent evidence implicating the oral microflora and oral inflammation in the etiology of pneumonia.
When Accurate Flow Quantitation Matters: The Case of CMR Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation After TAVR.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has revolutionized treatment of aortic valve disease for patients deemed to be too high risk for surgery. However, post-procedural paravalvular leak (PVL) remains a key adverse factor that reduces long-term success. PVL most commonly results from
Molecular markers and survival after recurrence in stage III colon cancers from NCCTG N0147 and NSABP C-08 adjuvant chemotherapy trials.

3600Background: The identification of biomarkers that can predict patient survival after recurrence (SAR) of cancer is important to guide clinical decision-making. We determined the association of ...
Export Management Companies and E-Business: Impact on Export Services, Product Portfolio, and Global Market Coverage

The impact of e-business on export management companies (EMCs) has been a subject of serious debate for some time and several reasons for their survival have been forwarded. Based upon the resource-based perspective of the firm, this study suggests that the primary reason for the survival of the well-established EMCs would be their market-based assets. By intertwining these assets with e-business, EMCs would not only reinintermediate, but would also become more efficient and effective. This study advances the literature by analyzing the impact of e-business proliferation on the exporting services, product portfolio, and international market coverage of EMCs.
Landscape genetic approaches to guide native plant restoration in the Mojave Desert

Restoring dryland ecosystems is a global challenge due to synergistic drivers of disturbance coupled with unpredictable environmental conditions. Dryland plant species have evolved complex life-history strategies to cope with fluctuating resources and climatic extremes. Although rarely quantified, local adaptation is likely widespread among these species and potentially influences restoration outcomes. The common practice of reintroducing propagules to restore dryland ecosystems, often across large spatial scales, compels evaluation of adaptive divergence within these species. Such evaluations are critical to understanding the consequences of large-scale manipulation of gene flow and to predicting success of restoration efforts. However, genetic information for species of interest can be difficult and expensive to obtain through traditional common garden experiments. Recent advances in landscape genetics offer marker-based approaches for identifying environmental drivers of adaptive genetic variability in non-model species, but tools are still needed to link these approaches with practical aspects of ecological restoration. Here, we combine spatially explicit landscape genetics models with flexible visualization tools to demonstrate how cost-effective evaluations of adaptive genetic divergence can facilitate implementation of different seed sourcing strategies in ecological restoration. We apply these methods to Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers genotyped in two Mojave Desert shrub species of high restoration importance: the long-lived, wind-pollinated gymnosperm Ephedra nevadensis, and the short-lived, insect-pollinated angiosperm Sphaeralcea ambigua. Mean annual temperature was identified as an important driver of adaptive genetic divergence for both species. Ephedra showed stronger adaptive divergence with respect to precipitation variability, while temperature variability and precipitation averages explained a larger fraction of adaptive divergence in Sphaeralcea. We describe multivariate statistical approaches for interpolating spatial patterns of adaptive divergence while accounting for potential bias due to neutral genetic structure. Through a spatial bootstrapping procedure, we also visualize patterns in the magnitude of model uncertainty. Finally, we introduce an interactive, distance-based mapping approach that explicitly links marker-based models of adaptive divergence with local or admixture seed sourcing strategies, promoting effective native plant restoration.
Cooperative jahn-teller distortions and site preferences in Cu2+-containing spinels

Abstract The effect of different cations on the ionic distributions and cooperative J-T (Jahn-Teller) distortions in Cu 2+ containing spinels was studied. Low temperature (~ 80°K) X-ray analyses of the materials in the system Zn[Cu x Ge x Mn 2−2 x ]O 4 and in the compounds Zn[CuTi]O 4 and Ga[CuGa]O 4 were obtained. It was found that the presence of Cu 2+ on the B sites, in these compounds, had no effect in bringing about a cooperative J-T distortion down to ~ 80°K. Ionic distributions in spinels having the formula CuGaM 3+ O 4 [where M 3+ = Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 3+ ] were obtained by X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. The following ionic distributions were found: Ga[CuGa]O 4 Ga 0.5 Cu 0.5 [Ga 0.5 Cu 0.5 Cr]O 4 Ga 0.5 Cu 0.5 [Ga 0.5 Cu 0.5 Al]O 4 Cu[GaMn]O 4 These results lead to the conclusion that the J-T distortion and site preference of Cu 2+ in spinels are not single ion properties but are strongly dependent on the other cations in the spinel.
Air-Breathing Aqueous Sulfur Flow Battery for Ultralow-Cost Long-Duration Electrical Storage

Summary The intermittency of renewable electricity generation has created a pressing global need for low-cost, highly scalable energy storage. Although pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS) and underground compressed air energy storage (CAES) have the lowest costs today (∼US$100/kWh installed cost), each faces geographical and environmental constraints that may limit further deployment. Here, we demonstrate an ambient-temperature aqueous rechargeable flow battery that uses low-cost polysulfide anolytes in conjunction with lithium or sodium counter-ions, and an air- or oxygen-breathing cathode. The solution energy density, at 30–145 Wh/L depending on concentration and sulfur speciation range, exceeds current solution-based flow batteries, and the cost of active materials per stored energy is exceptionally low, ∼US$1/kWh when using sodium polysulfide. The projected storage economics parallel those for PHS and CAES but can be realized at higher energy density and with minimal locational constraints.
A systematic review of concepts related to women's empowerment in the perinatal period and their associations with perinatal depressive symptoms and premature birth.

The perinatal period, which we here define as pregnancy and the first year postpartum, is a time in women’s lives that involves significant physiological and psychosocial change and adjustment, including changes in their social status and decision-making power. Supporting women’s empowerment at this particular time in their lives may be an attractive opportunity to create benefits for maternal and infant health outcomes such as reductions in perinatal depressive symptoms and premature birth rates. Thus, we here systematically review and critically discuss the literature that investigates the effects of empowerment, empowerment-related concepts and empowerment interventions on reductions in perinatal depressive symptoms, preterm birth (PTB), and low birthweight (LBW). For this systematic review, we conducted a literature search in PsychInfo, PubMed, and CINAHL without setting limits for date of publication, language, study design, or maternal age. The search resulted in 27 articles reporting on 25 independent studies including a total of 17,795 women. The majority of studies found that, for the most part, measures of empowerment and interventions supporting empowerment are associated with reduced perinatal depressive symptoms and PTB/LBW rates. However, findings are equivocal and a small portion of studies found no significant association between empowerment-related concepts and perinatal depressive symptoms and PTB or LBW. This small body of work suggests, for the most part, that empowerment-related concepts may be protective for perinatal depressive symptoms and PTB/LBW. We recommend that future theory-driven and integrative work should include an assessment of different facets of empowerment, obtain direct measures of empowerment, and address the relevance of important confounders, including for example, ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
Larynx and Hypopharynx Cancer

This chapter will discuss the epidemiology, workup, and management of larynx and hypopharynx cancer, with an emphasis on radiation therapy technique and randomized trial evidence.
Printed biomolecular templates for 2D material patterning

An approach for printing micron-scale electronic devices built from two-dimensional materials is presented. Experimental phage display techniques and computational atomistic simulation approaches were used to identify a peptide molecule that effectively anchors to the basal plane surface of two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 to SiO2 surfaces. This peptide was suspended in water to develop an ink suitable for aerosol jet printing. The printed substrates were then dip coated with a suspension of liquid phase exfoliated 2D MoS2 particles. Strong adhesion of physically continuous lines of these particles was observed only on regions of the substrate patterned with the peptide-based ink, thereby enabling aerosol jet printing as a template for devices based on 2D materials. Graphene was also bound to SiO2 via a similar approach, but with a different peptide known from prior work to selectively adhere to the basal plane of graphene. Fundamental peptide-surface interactions for MoS2, graphene, and SiO2 were explored via simulation and experiment. This printing method is proposed as a route towards large-scale, low temperature patterning of 2D materials and devices. The electrical properties of continuous lines of MoS2 particles printed in a single pass of peptide ink printing were measured via transmission line measurements. The results indicate that this molecular attachment approach to printing possesses several advantages such as overcoming nozzle clogging due to nanomaterial aggregation, decoupling of particle size from any dimensions associated with the printer, and single-pass printing of electrically continuous films.An approach for printing micron-scale electronic devices built from two-dimensional materials is presented. Experimental phage display techniques and computational atomistic simulation approaches were used to identify a peptide molecule that effectively anchors to the basal plane surface of two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 to SiO2 surfaces. This peptide was suspended in water to develop an ink suitable for aerosol jet printing. The printed substrates were then dip coated with a suspension of liquid phase exfoliated 2D MoS2 particles. Strong adhesion of physically continuous lines of these particles was observed only on regions of the substrate patterned with the peptide-based ink, thereby enabling aerosol jet printing as a template for devices based on 2D materials. Graphene was also bound to SiO2 via a similar approach, but with a different peptide known from prior work to selectively adhere to the basal plane of graphene. Fundamental peptide-surface interactions for MoS2, graphene, and SiO2 were explored via s...
Urethral Healing in Rabbits

We studied urethral healing in New Zealand white rabbits by histological examination after insult (urethral catheter) or injury (urethrotomy) specifically for acute and chronic inflammation, fibrosis, fistulas, squamous metaplasia, foreign body giant cells and urethral dilatation. Urethral catheterization resulted in increased inflammation and fibrosis compared to noncatheterized animals. Skin closure techniques and materials resulted in an inflammatory response that may extend to and involve the urethra. Minor differences in suture size were not an important variable but the persistence of suture material may have a role in the degree of inflammation and the formation of foreign body giant cells. Transepithelial closure techniques drag epithelial cells into subcutaneous tissues and may predispose to fistula formation.
Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Pathophysiology and Management

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious disorder that is all too common. TBI ranges in severity from mild concussion to a severe life-threatening state. Across this spectrum, rational therapeutic approaches exist. Early identification that TBI has occurred in a patient is paramount to optimal outcome. Proper clinical management should be instituted as soon as possible by appropriately trained medical providers. More seriously injured patients must be triaged to advanced care centers. It is only through this rational approach to TBI that patients may expect to achieve optimal clinical and functional outcome. Language: en
Life-Space mobility and clinical outcomes in COPD.

Background Social isolation is a common experience in patients with COPD but is not captured by existing patient-reported outcomes, and its association with clinical outcomes is unknown. Methods We prospectively enrolled adults with stable COPD who completed the University of Alabama at Birmingham Life Space Assessment (LSA) (range: 0-120, restricted Life-Space mobility: ≤60 and a marker of social isolation in older adults); six-minute walk test (6MWT), and the University of California at San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire, COPD Assessment Test, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The occurrence of severe exacerbations (emergency room visit or hospitalization) was recorded by review of the electronic record up to 1 year after enrollment. We determined associations between Life-Space mobility and clinical outcomes using regression analyses. Results Fifty subjects had a mean ± SD %-predicted FEV1 of 42.9±15.5, and 23 (46%) had restricted Life-Space mobility. After adjusting for age, gender, %-predicted FEV1, comorbidity count, inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta2-agonist use, and prior cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, subjects with restricted Life-Space had an increased risk for severe exacerbations (adjusted incidence rate ratio 4.65, 95% CI 1.19-18.23, P=0.03). LSA scores were associated with 6MWD (R=0.50, P<0.001), dyspnea (R=-0.58, P<0.001), quality of life (R=-0.34, P=0.02), and depressive symptoms (R=-0.39, P=0.005). Conclusion Restricted Life-Space mobility predicts severe exacerbations and is associated with reduced exercise tolerance, more severe dyspnea, reduced quality of life, and greater depressive symptoms.
An application of the Fama–French three-factor model to lodging REITs: A 20-year analysis:

This study applied the Fama–French three-factor model to model the returns of 33 US publicly traded lodging real estate investment trusts over a 20-year period. Results indicated that lodging real ...
Characterization of Dynamic Deformation and Failure of Novel Light Weight Steel Alloy

The need for new weight-saving high-strength materials has been increasing in recent years. The demand for fuel efficiency in the auto industry has driven research in the development of lightweight materials and structures while maintaining crash worthiness and safety. The constraints on vehicle weight is also felt in the defense industry. The need to maintain or reduce weight while enhancing protection and durability is a critical goal for the DoD. Fe-Mn-Al is a family of alloys which have been identified as a potential replacement for high strength structural steel such as RHA. Fe-Mn-Al has shown similar properties and performance with 10–15% reduction in weight when compared to RHA (Howell, Microstructural Influence on Dynamic Properties of Age Hardenable FeMnAl Alloys, 2009).
Integrating fast and slow processes is essential for simulating human–freshwater interactions

Integrated modeling is a critical tool to evaluate the behavior of coupled human–freshwater systems. However, models that do not consider both fast and slow processes may not accurately reflect the feedbacks that define complex systems. We evaluated current coupled human–freshwater system modeling approaches in the literature with a focus on categorizing feedback loops as including economic and/or socio-cultural processes and identifying the simulation of fast and slow processes in human and biophysical systems. Fast human and fast biophysical processes are well represented in the literature, but very few studies incorporate slow human and slow biophysical system processes. Challenges in simulating coupled human–freshwater systems can be overcome by quantifying various monetary and non-monetary ecosystem values and by using data aggregation techniques. Studies that incorporate both fast and slow processes have the potential to improve complex system understanding and inform more sustainable decision-making that targets effective leverage points for system change.
Viewpoint: Is the ban on deception necessary or even desirable?

Abstract Deception has long been barred from the mainstream experimental economics literature based upon worries that any deception could pollute the participant pool, leading most participants to suspect that researchers are potentially lying about the incentives they face. Nonetheless, debates regarding the definition and acceptability of deception in experimental economics are common. Experimental psychologists have long employed deception as an essential part of their methodology and have studied the impacts of deception on participants in subsequent experiments. I propose the use of experimental economics to determine the impacts of deception, using empirical evidence to guide research norms and practice.
A hot lead on reducing infarct size

The intracoronary hyperoxemic oxygen therapy study, designed to demonstrate the safety of supersaturated oxygen (SSO2 ) infused into the left main coronary after percutaneous coronary intervention for anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), demonstrated a net adverse clinical event rate of 7.1%, lower than the Food and Drug Administration-set goal of 10.7%. SSO2 , which has reduced infarct size in clinical STEMI trials, might become an important strategy for treating anterior STEMIs. Larger postmarketing trials are needed to determine whether decreases in infarct size are observed in real-world populations, whether they translate into improved clinical outcomes, and whether modifications in technique can streamline the administration of SSO2 therapy.
Competing Effects of Mountain Uplift and Landslide Erosion Over Earthquake Cycles

Large earthquakes can construct mountainous topography by inducing rock uplift but also erode mountains by causing landslides. Observations following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake show that landslide volumes in some cases match seismically induced uplift, raising questions about how the actions of individual earthquakes accumulate to build topography. Here we model the two‐dimensional surface displacement field generated over a full earthquake cycle accounting for coseismic deformation, postseismic relaxation, landslide erosion, and erosion‐induced isostatic compensation. We explore the related volume balance across different seismotectonic and topographic conditions and revisit the Wenchuan case in this context. The ratio (Ω) between landslide erosion and uplift is most sensitive to parameters determining landslide volumes (particularly earthquake magnitude M_w, seismic energy source depth, and failure susceptibility, as well as the seismological factor responsible for triggering landslides), and is moderately sensitive to the effective elastic thickness of lithosphere, T_e. For a specified magnitude, more erosive events (higher Ω) tend to occur at shallower depth, in thicker‐T_e lithosphere, and in steeper, more landslide‐prone landscapes. For given landscape and seismotectonic conditions, the volumes of both landslides and uplift to first order positively scale with Mw and seismic moment M_o. However, higher M_w earthquakes generate lower landslide and uplift volumes per unit M_o, suggesting lower efficiency in the use of seismic energy to drive topographic change. With our model, we calculate the long‐term average seismic volume balance for the eastern Tibetan region and find that the net topographic effect of earthquakes in this region tends to be constructive rather than erosive. Overall, destructive events are rare when considering processes over the full earthquake cycle, although they are more likely if only considering the coseismic volume budget (as was the case for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake where landsliding substantially offset coseismic uplift). Irrespective of the net budget, our results suggest that the erosive power of earthquakes plays an important role in mountain belt evolution, including by influencing structures and spatial patterns of deformation, for example affecting the wavelength of topography.
Arthroscopic Management of Chondral and Labral Injuries

Intra-articular hip injuries are a recognized cause of pain, mechanical symptoms, and disability in athletes. Traumatic intra-articular injury results from acute injury such as hyperabduction injuries, direct hip contact, and joint dislocation or subluxation. In contrast, atraumatic overuse injuries to the labrum and articular cartilage in the athlete’s hip result from repetitive motions exerted during sports (i.e., cutting, twisting, pivoting) and movements requiring supraphysiologic range of motion (i.e., ballet dancers, ice hockey goalies). Regardless of the origin, intra-articular hip injuries have a detrimental effect on athletes, typically reducing or eliminating their sports participation. The purpose of this chapter is to help guide surgeons and other health-care professionals in the arthroscopic management of chondral and labral injuries in the hip, with a particular focus on athletes.
Building Leadership Storytelling Skills: A Collaboration Between Management and Theater Students:

Storytelling is an important skill in management education for leaders. However, even though students learn about storytelling, they do not often practice it. When students do practice storytelling...
Does Non-GAAP Reporting Result in Less Conservative Auditor Materiality Judgments? Evidence from the U.K.

We investigate whether non-GAAP reporting results in less conservative auditor materiality judgments, as measured by auditors’ determination of quantitative materiality thresholds. Using a sample of audit reports for Premium Listed companies on the London Stock Exchange for the 2013-2014 fiscal year, we find that more than 50 percent of auditors who rely on “profit-before-tax” as their materiality benchmark use non-GAAP profit before tax, which results in a less conservative audit (via a higher materiality threshold) 92 percent of the time. We find that auditors are significantly more likely to rely on a non-GAAP profit-before-tax materiality benchmark when management discloses non-GAAP profit before tax in their annual report. The GAAP items that auditors’ exclude from the materiality benchmark are highly persistent, suggesting that the exclusions are not typically one-time items as is often claimed. We also find that auditors are significantly more likely to rely on a non-GAAP materiality benchmark when doing so reduces the extent of required audit procedures performed on complex estimates. Finally, we find that auditor turnover is higher when the auditor’s materiality benchmark is smaller than non-GAAP earnings disclosed by management. In sum, our results suggest that managers’ non-GAAP reporting could indirectly affect investors by lowering the rigor of the financial statement audit.
Interactive virtue and vice in systems of arguments: a logocratic analysis

The Logocratic Method, and the Logocratic theory that underwrites it, provide a philosophical explanation of three purposes or goals that arguers have for their arguments: to make arguments that are internally strong (the premises follow from the conclusions, to a greater or lesser degree—greatest degree in valid deductive arguments), or that are dialectically strong (win in some forum of argument competition, as for example in litigation contests of plaintiffs or prosecutors on the one hand, and defendants, on the other), or that are rhetorically strong (effective at persuading a targeted audience). This article presents the basic terms and methods of Logocratic analysis and then uses a case study to illustrate the Logocratic explanation of arguments. Highlights of this explanation are: the use of a (non-moral) virtue (and vice) framework to explicate the three strengths and weaknesses of arguments that are of greatest interest to arguers in many contexts (including but not limited to the context of legal argument), the Logocratic explication of the structure of abduction generally and of legal abduction specifically, the concept of a system of arguments, and the concept of the dynamic interactive virtue (and vice) of arguments—a property of systems of arguments in which the system of arguments as a whole (for example, the set of several arguments typically offered by a plaintiff or by a defendant) is as virtuous (or vicious) as are the component arguments that comprise the system. This is especially important since, according to Logocratic theory (and as illustrated in detail in this paper), some arguments, such as abduction and analogical argument, are themselves comprised of different logical forms (for example, abduction always plays a role within analogical argument, and either deduction or defeasible modus ponens, always plays a role within legal abduction).
Contributions of glutamate transporters and Ca2+-activated Cl- currents to feedback from horizontal cells to cone photoreceptors.

Abstract Lateral inhibitory feedback from horizontal cells (HCs) to cones establishes center-surround receptive fields and color opponency in the retina. When HCs hyperpolarize to light, inhibitory feedback to cones increases activation of cone Ca2+ currents (ICa) that can in turn activate additional currents. We recorded simultaneously from cones and HCs to analyze cone currents activated by HC feedback in salamander retina. Depolarization-activated inward tail currents in cones were inhibited by CaCCinh-A01 that inhibits both Ano1 and Ano2 Ca2+-activated Cl− currents (ICl(Ca)). An Ano1-selective inhibitor Ani9 was less effective suggesting that Ano2 is the predominant ICl(Ca) subtype in cones. CaCCinh-A01 inhibited feedback currents more strongly when intracellular Ca2+ in cones was buffered with 0.05 mM EGTA compared to stronger buffering with 5 mM EGTA. By contrast, blocking glutamate transporter anion currents (ICl(Glu)) with TBOA had stronger inhibitory effects on cone feedback currents when Ca2+ buffering was strong. Inward feedback currents ran down at rates intermediate between rundown of glutamate release and ICl(Ca), consistent with contributions to feedback from both ICl(Ca) and ICl(Glu). These results suggest that Cl− channels coupled to glutamate transporters help to speed inward feedback currents initiated by local changes in intracellular [Ca2+] close to synaptic ribbons of cones whereas Ano2 Ca2+-activated Cl− channels contribute to slower components of feedback regulated by spatially extensive changes in intracellular [Ca2+].
Trends in General Anesthesia Utilization by Board-Certified Pediatric Dentists.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the trends and utilization of general anesthesia services among board-certified pediatric dentists practicing in the United States. METHODS A 26 item survey was sent to 4,216 board-certified pediatric dentists by REDCap or mail. Results were tabulated, and trends were analyzed. RESULTS A response rate of 31.8 percent was obtained. All American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry districts were represented proportionally. Most respondents (87 percent) reported using general anesthesia (GA) in their practices. Those who used GA, 50.4 percent reported using a hospital setting, and 60.5 percent used a physician anesthesiologist. Endotracheal intubation was the most common (88.5 percent) method of anesthesia delivery. Most diplomates (62.6 percent) favored dental anesthesiology as a recognized specialty by the American Dental Association. CONCLUSIONS The majority of American Board of Pediatric Dentistry diplomates used general anesthesia in their practice. The preferred modality of delivery is oral/nasal intubation, with most services provided by physician anesthesiologists in a hospital/ambulatory setting. Physician anesthesiologists are inclined to provide care in a hospital-based setting. Dentist anesthesiologists provided care in the dental office. Most respondents support dental anesthesiology as a recognized specialty of the American Dental Association.
Microplegia vs 4:1 Blood Cardioplegia: Effectiveness and Cost Savings in Complex Cardiac Operations.

Background Microplegia has been studied during isolated coronary artery bypass grafting and valve surgery but not in more complex operations. Objectives of this study were to demonstrate safety and effectiveness of microplegia relative to Buckberg cardioplegia during these operations. Methods From January 2012 to January 2017, 242 patients underwent multicomponent operations with simplified microplegia delivered via syringe pump and 10,512 with modified Buckberg cardioplegia. Operations included aortic root, arch, or ascending aorta replacement in 424 (94%) patients, aortic valve surgery in 324 (72%) patients, and concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting in 47 (10%) patients. Outcomes were compared in 226 propensity-matched pairs. Results There was no difference in median postoperative troponin T between groups after adjusting for aortic clamp time. Microplegia patients received significantly less crystalloid with their cardioplegia (mean 27 ± 8.0 mL/operation vs 735 ± 357 mL/operation; P .9), and median red cell units administered to patients requiring transfusion (4 units vs 3 units; P = .14). The mean cost of cardioplegia per case with microplegia was 1/26th that of Buckberg cardioplegia. Conclusions Our simplified microplegia technique offers several advantages over Buckberg cardioplegia without compromising myocardial protection or safety in complex, multicomponent operations with extended aortic clamp times.
Evaluating new paralysis, mortality, and readmission among subgroups of patients with spinal epidural abscess: A latent class analysis.

Background Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is increasing in incidence; this not-to-miss diagnosis can cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly if diagnoses are delayed. While some risk factors for SEA and subsequent mortality have been identified, the SEA patient population is clinically heterogeneous and sub-populations have not yet been characterized in the literature. The primary objective of this project was to identify characteristics of subgroups of patients with SEA. The secondary objective was to identify associations between subgroups and three clinical outcomes: new onset paralysis, in-hospital mortality, and 180-day readmission. Methods Demographics and comorbid diagnoses were collected for patients diagnosed with SEA at an academic health center between 2015 and 2019. Latent class analysis was used to identify clinical subgroups. Chi-squared tests were used to compare identified subgroups with clinical outcomes. Results We identified two subgroups of patients in our analysis. Group 1 had a high rate of medical comorbidities causing immunosuppression, requiring vascular access, or both. Group 2 was characterized by a high proportion of people with substance use disorders. Patients in Group 2 were more likely to be readmitted within 6 months than patients in Group 1 (p = 0.03). There was no difference between groups in new paralysis or mortality. Discussion While prior studies have examined the SEA patient population as a whole, our research indicates that there are at least two distinct subgroups of patients with SEA. Patients who are younger, with substance use disorder diagnoses, may have longer hospital courses and are at higher risk of readmission within six months. Future research should explore how to best support patients in both groups, and additional implications for subgroup classification on health outcomes, including engagement in care.
Learning to be open: instructor growth through open pedagogy

OER-enabled pedagogy, one form of open pedagogy, is gaining popularity as a method for increasing student engagement and motivation. Realising the potential of this approach, however, depends on fa...
Prognostic Difference of Pleural versus Distant Metastasis after Surgery for Lung Cancer.

Background: Pleural metastasis in lung cancer found at diagnosis has a poor prognosis, with 5–11 months’ survival. We hypothesized that prognosis might be different for patients who have had curative-intent surgery and subsequent pleural recurrence and that survival might differ based on the location of the first metastasis (distant versus pleural). This may clarify if pleural recurrence is a local event or due to systemic disease. Methods: A database of 5089 patients who underwent curative-intent surgery for lung cancer was queried, and 85 patients were found who had biopsy-proven pleural metastasis during surveillance. We examined survival based on pattern of metastasis (pleural first versus distant first/simultaneously). Results: Median survival was 34 months (range: 1–171) from the time of surgery and 13 months (range: 0–153) from the time of recurrence. The shortest median survival after recurrence was in patients with adenocarcinoma and pleural metastasis as the first site (6 months). For patients with pleural metastasis as the first site, those with adenocarcinoma had a significantly shorter post-recurrence survival when compared with squamous cell carcinoma (6 vs. 12 months; HR = 0.34) and a significantly shorter survival from the time of surgery when compared with distant metastases first/simultaneously (25 vs. 52 months; HR = 0.49). Conclusions: Patients who undergo curative-intent surgery for lung adenocarcinoma that have pleural recurrence as the first site have poor survival. This may indicate that pleural recurrence after lung surgery is not likely due to a localized event but rather indicates systemic disease; however, this would require further study.
A Survey of Equipment in the Singing Voice Studio and Its Perceived Effectiveness by Vocologists and Student Singers

Summary Objectives Speech-language pathologists have long used technology for the clinical measurement of the speaking voice, but present research shows that vocal pedagogues and voice students are becoming more accepting of technology in the studio. As a result, the equipment and technology used in singing voice studios by speech-language pathologists and vocal pedagogues are changing. Although guides exist regarding equipment and technology necessary for developing a voice laboratory and private voice studio, there are no data documenting the current implementation of these items and their perceived effectiveness. This study seeks to document current trends in equipment used in voice laboratories and studios. Methods Two separate surveys were distributed to 60 vocologists and approximately 300 student singers representative of the general singing student population. The surveys contained questions about the inventory of items found in voice studios and perceived effectiveness of these items. Data were analyzed using descriptive analyses and statistical analyses when applicable. Results/conclusions Twenty-six of 60 potential vocologists responded, and 66 student singers responded. The vocologists reported highly uniform inventories and ratings of studio items. There were wide-ranging differences between the inventories reported by the vocologist and student singer groups. Statistically significant differences between ratings of effectiveness of studio items were found for 11 of the 17 items. In all significant cases, vocologists rated usefulness to be higher than student singers. Although the order of rankings of vocologists and student singers was similar, a much higher percentage of vocologists report the items as being efficient and effective than students. The historically typical studio items, including the keyboard and mirror, were ranked as most effective by both vocologists and student singers.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra of Manganese(II)-Protein Complexes MANGANESE(II)-CONCANAVALIN A

Factors which determine the line shape in the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of Mn(II) bound to proteins are considered. The conclusion that a reduction in the amplitude of the Mn(II) derivative spectrum in some protein complexes may be caused by restriction of motional freedom of the bound ion rather than to line broadening caused by rapid electron spin relaxation is supported by frequency and temperature dependencies of the EPR spectra for the Mn(II)-concanavalin A complex in solution. The characteristics of the solution EPR spectra show that the environment of the bound Mn(II) is not highly distorted from cubic symmetry (zero field splitting is less than 20 gauss) and that the rotational motion of the Mn(II) is highly restricted. EPR spectra at 35.0 GHz (K band) are greatly simplified relative to spectra at 9.1 GHz (X band) thus permitting more quantitative evaluation of spectral parameters.
High LTV Loans and Credit Risk

This study examines the pricing of high-LTV debt to determine whether state-specific default laws have an impact on the availability and cost of that debt. We develop a simple theoretical model that provides predictions concerning borrower and lender choice of mortgage terms under differing assumptions regarding state default regulations. We examine whether lenders rationally price loans to higher risk borrowers and whether borrowers in states that limit lender ability to seek default remedies pay higher credit costs. Our results indicate that lenders rationally price loans to higher risk borrowers for the most part; however, when we focus on smaller and smaller FICO scores buckets, the results indicate that the mean actual loan rates are higher than those predicted by our model. The results also indicate that state-specific default laws do have an impact on the price of credit. The results also show that there is a greater degree of error in the pricing of high LTV loans to low FICO borrowers than to high FICO borrowers.
Drosophila Models of Cardiac Disease

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a useful model for cardiac diseases, both developmental abnormalities and adult functional impairment. Using the tools of both classical and molecular genetics, the study of the developing fly heart has been instrumental in identifying the major signaling events of cardiac field formation, cardiomyocyte specification, and the formation of the functioning heart tube. The larval stage of fly cardiac development has become an important model system for testing isolated preparations of living hearts for the effects of biological and pharmacological compounds on cardiac activity. Meanwhile, the recent development of effective techniques to study adult cardiac performance in the fly has opened new uses for the Drosophila model system. The fly system is now being used to study long-term alterations in adult performance caused by factors such as diet, exercise, and normal aging. The fly is a unique and valuable system for the study of such complex, long-term interactions, as it is the only invertebrate genetic model system with a working heart developmentally homologous to the vertebrate heart. Thus, the fly model combines the advantages of invertebrate genetics (such as large populations, facile molecular genetic techniques, and short lifespan) with physiological measurement techniques that allow meaningful comparisons with data from vertebrate model systems. As such, the fly model is well situated to make important contributions to the understanding of complicated interactions between environmental factors and genetics in the long-term regulation of cardiac performance.
Induction motor cracked rotor bars fault analysis using an improved Root-MUSIC method

The progressive cracking in the squirrel cage rotor bars of induction motors can lead to irreversible damage. For this reason, an early analysis of this type of faults is very necessary. Amongst the existing analysis methods, the Power Spectral Density (PSD) estimation by Periodogram, is considered as a very popular technique and is widely used in industry. However, this technique presents some drawbacks such as, a frequency resolution conditioned by the acquisition time and an identification for low harmonics quasi impossible. To overcome these drawbacks, a proposed method is presented in this paper, known as the Root-MUSIC method. This method used initially in the domain of RADAR for localizing mobile targets, is being applied to the domain of induction motors diagnosis. This method presents a high robustness to measuring noise and a frequency resolution largely superior to classical methods. In addition and in order to reduce the important computation time which is the main drawback of this method, Root-Music will be applied to only a specified frequency band; one that carries information about the sought fault. The obtained experimental results show the effectiveness and the merits of Root-Music and display the proposed improvements for cracked rotor bars fault detection in squirrel cage induction motor.
Regulation of B7-H1 (PD-L1) expression by gastric epithelial cells and development of Treg cells during Helicobacter pylori infection (HUM8P.328)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects >50% of the world’s population and is linked to peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. We have previously shown that H. pylori upregulates B7-H1 expression on GEC, which, in turn, suppress T cell proliferation and induction of Treg cells in vitro, but the mechanism was unknown. Herein, we investigated the underlying mechanisms behind H. pylori-mediated upregulation of B7-H1 expression by GEC and its functional relevance to chronic infection. Using H. pylori wild type and isogenic mutant strains we showed that H. pylori requires its type 4 secretion system (T4SS) component cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) and peptidoglycan for B7-H1 upregulation in GEC. In vivo confirmation was obtained when infection of C57BL/6 mice with H. pylori PMSS1 strain, containing a functional T4SS, but not with H. pylori SS1 strain lacking this delivery system, led to upregulation of B7-H1 expression, increased bacterial load, induction of Treg cell in the stomach and increased IL-10 in the serum. Interestingly, B7-H1 knock out mice showed less Treg cells and reduced bacterial loads. We also showed that H. pylori uses p38 MAPK pathway to upregulate B7-H1 expression in GEC. Our observations suggest that H. pylori T4SS contributes to the ability to evade immune-mediated clearance by modulating expression of B7-H1 in GEC. These observations may have important implications in vaccine efforts directed at H. pylori.
Mining collective intelligence in diverse groups

Collective intelligence, which aggregates the shared information from large crowds, is often negatively impacted by unreliable information sources with the low quality data. This becomes a barrier to the effective use of collective intelligence in a variety of applications. In order to address this issue, we propose a probabilistic model to jointly assess the reliability of sources and find the true data. We observe that different sources are often not independent of each other. Instead, sources are prone to be mutually influenced, which makes them dependent when sharing information with each other. High dependency between sources makes collective intelligence vulnerable to the overuse of redundant (and possibly incorrect) information from the dependent sources. Thus, we reveal the latent group structure among dependent sources, and aggregate the information at the group level rather than from individual sources directly. This can prevent the collective intelligence from being inappropriately dominated by dependent sources. We will also explicitly reveal the reliability of groups, and minimize the negative impacts of unreliable groups. Experimental results on real-world data sets show the effectiveness of the proposed approach with respect to existing algorithms.
Los Alamos National Laboratory thermal ionization mass spectrometry results from intercomparison study of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, thermal ionization mass spectrometry, and fission track analysis of µBq quantities of 239Pu in synthetic urine (LA-UR-001698)

In 1997, the Department of Energy, Office of International Health Programs(EH-63) contracted the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)to perform an intercomparison to evaluate state-of-the-art analysis techniquesfor 239Pu in synthetic urine in µBq quantities. Sample preparationwas performed by Yankee Atomic Environmental Laboratory. Five replicate samplesat spike amounts of 3.7, 9.26, 29.6, and 55.6 µBq and a blank amountwere distributed to the participating laboratories in 200 g of synthetic urine.Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) participated in the intercomparisonusing thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). LANL results, system improvements,and future intercomparisons are discussed.