cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A graph kernel method for DNA-binding site prediction

Protein-DNA interactions play important roles in many biological processes. Computational methods that can accurately predict DNA-binding sites on proteins will greatly expedite research on problems involving protein-DNA interactions. This paper presents a method for predicting DNA-binding sites on protein structures. The method represents protein surface patches using labeled graphs and uses a graph kernel method to calculate the similarities between graphs. A new surface patch is predicted to be interface or non-interface patch based on its similarities to known DNA-binding patches and non-DNA-binding patches. The proposed method achieved high accuracy when tested on a representative set of 146 protein-DNA complexes using leave-one-out cross-validation. Then, the method was applied to identify DNA-binding sties on 13 unbound structures of DNA-binding proteins. In each of the unbound structure, the top 1 patch predicted by the proposed method precisely indicated the location of the DNA-binding site. Comparisons with other methods showed that the proposed method was competitive in predicting DNA-binding sites on unbound proteins. The proposed method uses graphs to encode the feature's distribution in the 3-dimensional (3D) space. Thus, compared with other vector-based methods, it has the advantage of taking into account the spatial distribution of features on the proteins. Using an efficient kernel method to compare graphs the proposed method also avoids the demanding computations required for 3D objects comparison. It provides a competitive method for predicting DNA-binding sites without requiring structure alignment.
Understanding the health needs of incarcerated men living with HIV/AIDS: a primary health care approach

Nearly 20% of American men with HIV/AIDS pass through a correctional facility each year. As these men pass through the criminal justice system, discontinuation of health care access and nonadherence to prescribed treatments often occur. Men who are not engaged in health care during and after incarceration are at risk for treatment interruption and disease progression. Correctional facilities are therefore important sites for secondary prevention of HIV/AIDS. Unprecedented scientific attention and resources are currently directed at detecting and treating HIV in the criminal justice system. To support these efforts to increase health care access, we must have a better understanding of the cultural and situational factors that structure opportunities for secondary prevention during incarceration and during the transition from correctional facilities back into the community. This article presents a timely review of the literature on the health needs of incarcerated men living with HIV/AIDS. The author uses the primary health care framework to describe the movement of HIV-positive men through the criminal justice system as a series of strategic opportunities to initiate and establish a process of care. The author concludes that although we understand many of the challenges of providing care to men who become incarcerated, and have evidence of effective health-promoting services, we are only beginning to understand how to make health care services accessible and acceptable to HIV-positive male inmates, and we have not yet used some proven HIV prevention tools.
Des Plaines Disturbance, Northeastern Illinois

Intense deformation occurs in an area of about 25 square miles, centered at Des Plaines in northeastern Illinois. Previously called a “cryptovolcanic structure,” the Des Plaines disturbance is here called a “cryptoexplosion structure,” a term that implies no specific explosive mechanism. Silurian rocks, essentially flat lying and gently warped, surround the roughly circular disturbed area in which beds ranging in age from Mississippian to Early Ordovician underlie the glacial drift. Structural derangement is complex, with many high-angle normal faults but without any over-turning or pronounced tilting of blocks. A graben in which Mississippian and Pennsylvanian rocks are preserved partly surrounds a central uplifted core. The main structural movement has been upward; maximum displacement is at least 900 feet. Only a post-Pennsylvanian age can be established for the faulting, although the possibility exists for multiple ages. A negative gravity anomaly of 8 mgals roughly coincides with the structure. Because of this, it is proposed that the Des Plaines disturbance may be the result of meteorite impact and elastic rebound of rocks in post-Pennsylvanian time. Erosion has removed about 1000 feet of rocks so that only the “root” portion of the impact structure remains at Des Plaines. Because of the pronounced gravity anomaly and the possibility that faulting occurred at more than one time, the concept of faulting produced by the focusing of regional forces at a point cannot be entirely rejected.
Logical Error as a Function of Group Consensus: An Experimental Study of the Effect of Erroneous Group Consensus upon the Logical Judgments of Graduate Students

This is a study of the effect of varying degrees of consensus upon compliance with an erroneous majority. Results indicate that the probability of complying with a majority is a direct positively accelerated function of group consensus. Anxiety level, educational level and occupational class of father were significantly related with compliance; whereas logical training, age, church attendance, sex and certainty of one's judgment were not significantly related.
Evaluation of hha and hha sepB mutant strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 as bacterins for reducing E. coli O157:H7 shedding in cattle.

a b s t r a c t Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonizes cattle intestines by using the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)encoded proteins. The induction of systemic immune response against LEE-encoded proteins, therefore, will prove effective in reducing E. coli O157:H7 colonization in cattle. The previous studies have demonstrated that a hha (encodes for a hemolysin expression modulating protein) deletion enhances expression of LEE-encoded proteins and a sepB (encodes an ATPase required for the secretion of LEE-encoded proteins) deletion results in intracellular accumulation of LEE proteins. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of the hha and hha sepB deletion mutants as bacterins for reducing fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 in experimentally inoculated weaned calves. The weaned calves were injected intramuscularly with the bacterins containing 10 9 heat-killed cells of the hha + wild-type or hha or hha sepB isogenic mutants, and boosted with the same doses 2- and 4-weeks later. The evaluation of the immune response two weeks after the last booster immunization revealed that the calves vaccinated with the hha mutant bacterin had higher antibody titers against LEE proteins compared to the titers for these antibodies in the calves vaccinated with the hha sepB mutant or hha+ wild-type bacterins. Following oral inoculations with 1010 CFU of the wild-type E. coli O157:H7, the greater numbers of calves in the group vaccinated with the hha or hha sepB mutant bacterins stopped shedding the inoculum strain within a few days after the inoculations compared to the group of calves vaccinated with the hha + wild-type bacterin or PBS sham vaccine. Thus, the use of bacterins prepared from the hha and hha sepB mutants for reducing colonization of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle could represent a potentially important pre-harvest strategy to enhance post-harvest safety of bovine food products, water and produce. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Fish-protection devices at unscreened water diversions can reduce entrainment: evidence from behavioural laboratory investigations

Diversion (i.e. extraction) of water from rivers and estuaries can potentially affect native wildlife populations if operation is not carefully managed. For example, open, unmodified water diversions can act as a source of injury or mortality to resident or migratory fishes from entrainment and impingement, and can cause habitat degradation and fragmentation. Fish-protection devices, such as exclusion screens, louvres or sensory deterrents, can physically or behaviourally deter fish from approaching or being entrained into water diversions. However, empirical assessment of their efficacy is often lacking or is investigated only for particular economically or culturally important fishes, such as salmonids. The Southern population of anadromous green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) is listed as threatened in California, and there is a high density of water diversions located within their native range (the Sacramento-San Joaquin watershed). Coupled with their unique physiology and behaviour compared with many other fishes native to California, the green sturgeon is susceptible to entrainment into diversions and is an ideal species with which to study the efficacy of mitigation techniques. Therefore, we investigated juvenile green sturgeon (188-202 days post-hatch) in the presence of several fish-protection devices to assess behaviour and entrainment risk. Using a large experimental flume (∼500 kl), we found that compared with an open diversion pipe (control), the addition of a trash-rack box, louvre box, or perforated cylinder on the pipe inlet all significantly reduced the proportion of fish that were entrained through the pipe (P = 0.03, P = 0.028, and P = 0.028, respectively). Likewise, these devices decreased entrainment risk during a single movement past the pipe by between 60 and 96%. These fish-protection devices should decrease the risk of fish entrainment during water-diversion activities.
Classical and Multicenter Bonding in Boron: Two Faces of Boron

In this chapter we have shown that boron has two faces in chemistry: with classical and multicenter bonding. When neutral boron atoms are involved in bonding, we usually encounter domination of multicenter bonding. Such examples are planar, quasi-planar, and three dimensional pure and doped boron clusters, two-dimensional sheets as well as conventional deltahedral boranes. However, when a boron atom acquires an extra electron, it tends to form molecules similar to those of the neighboring carbon featuring classical 2c-2e σ-bonds instead of multicenter ones. Such examples are BH4−, analog of the CH4 molecule; LinBnH2n+2 molecules containing BnH2n+2n− kernels, which are isostructural to corresponding molecules in the CnH2n+2 series; Li6B6H6, analog of benzene; linear chain of boron anions in LiBx, analog of carbine; and 2D layer of boron in MgB2 mimicking the graphene structure. Chemistry of boron continues to expand conquering new territories and providing us with unprecedented structures, chemical bonding, internal rotations and other unusual properties. We believe we are at the beginning of new era of boron chemistry.
TrackIt: A Team-Based Application for Health and Wellness Monitoring.

Health and wellness monitoring is an emerging area for mobile applications.One problem that has not been addressed is that tools have mostly focused on the individual and ignore many aspects of health and wellness that depends on teams. These teams could either be a team of professionals or a support network including friends and family. We present a team-based tool, TrackIt, that enables tracking of both activity duration and location, and enables users to be part of multiple teams. TrackIt supports distributed generation of tasks that belong to multiple people, each of whom can report on status and monitor progress, and will provide intelligent collaboration tools and activity recognition capabilities.
Analytically-derived Aerodynamic Force and Moment Coecients of Resident Space Objects in Free-Molecular Flow

acting on a general body in free-molecular regime to derive aerodynamic force and moment expressions. The analytical aerodynamics prediction method is described and relations have been developed for the sphere, cylinder, panel, and rectangular prism. The NASA-developed Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Analysis Code is used to validate the analytical expressions and it is shown that expressions are accurate within 0.38%. These generalized analytic expressions in terms of angle of attack, sideslip angle, freestream conditions, wall temperature, and accommodation coecients allow near-instantaneous computation of the rareed aerodynamics and enables space situation awareness analysis.
Summarized Costs, Placement Of Quality Stars, And Other Online Displays Can Help Consumers Select High-Value Health Plans

Starting in 2017, all state and federal health insurance exchanges will present quality data on health plans in addition to cost information. We analyzed variations in the current design of informa...
Hermetic motor life tests

The ultimate goal of changing part or all of a hermetic motor insulation system is to either reduce field failures, or to maintain approximately the same low level of field failures while enjoying some other benefit, such as better electromechanical performance. easier manufacture, or simply less expensive materials of construction. Assessing the effect on reliability of new materials or new designs may be a formidable task, but it is an essential one and must be considered in all phases of testing. For this reason we will review the scope of material tests and of simple system tests before describing the development of life tests suitable for hermetic motors up to seven inches in diameter. Typical life test data will also be presented.
SELF-TUNING CONTROL OF A NONMINIMUM-PHASE ELECTRICALLY HEATING SYSTEM

In this paper,a simple multivariable decoupling pole assignment self-tuning con-troller has been presented.It is not only possible to realize adaptive decoupling con-trol,but also avoids solving polynomial matrix equations and treating inverse matrices.This adaptive controller is also applied to control the nonminimum phase double-input-double-output electric furnace successfully.
Primary intracranial neoplasms in the elderly

The most common forms of brain tumor in the elderly are metastasis, glioma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma, and acoustic neuroma. They produce a variety of neurologic symptoms and usually can be readily diagnosed by CT scan. Most of the tumors can be effectively treated with some combination of corticosteroids, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The prognosis of a patient with a brain tumor depends on the tumor's histology, its location, and the patient's ability to tolerate therapy. Early diagnosis is important for successful treatment.
“We Want You to Ask Us First”: Development, International Aid and the Politics of Indebtedness

This essay argues for a turn to literary representation as a means to scrutinize the ideological forms and effects of postcolonial indebtedness. Drawing also from the insights of anthropology, gender studies, and legal scholarship, I explore the way that aid mechanisms have restructured ‘First World’ and ‘Third World’ hierarchies in the wake of formal colonialism, producing a new reckoning of guilt, debt, and burden for the postcolonial era.
Incarnation and Mythology

We now have before us the central christian claim concerning Jesus: that he was/is God the Son incarnate. Or perhaps the Love of God incarnate; for I have suggested that in expressing this claim today we might speak of the identity of divine and human activities of loving rather than of an identity of substance. But it is to be noted that this suggestion does not profess to explain the assertion that Jesus was God as well as man but only to present it in terms that have currency today. To repeat what was said above, ‘what I have been exploring is not a way of explaining [Christianity’s] central claim about Jesus but only of indicating what that claim is. The assertion that Jesus’ agapeing was continuous with the divine Agapeing is no more self-explanatory than the assertion that Christ was of one substance with the Father. Neither of these phrases, strictly speaking, explains anything….’1
Relational Semantics and Domain Semantics for Epistemic Modals

The standard account of modal expressions in natural language analyzes them as quantifiers over a set of possible worlds determined by the evaluation world and an accessibility relation. A number of authors have recently argued for an alternative account according to which modals are analyzed as quantifying over a domain of possible worlds that is specified directly in the points of evaluation. But the new approach only handles the data motivating it if it is supplemented with a non-standard account of attitude verbs and conditionals. It can be shown the the relational account handles the same data equally well if it too is supplemented with a non-standard account of such expressions.
Which Domain of the PSY-5 Is Most Relevant to Substance Use?

Substance use has generally been related to lower levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness, but has evidenced relationships with other personality trait domains as well, including impulsivity. This study was conducted to determine which trait domain of personality is most related to substance use from the perspective of the Personality Psychopathology Five model (Harkness & McNulty, 1994 ). Archival data were used from 2 clinical settings: 1 outpatient community mental health center and 1 inpatient Veteran's Affairs hospital. The outpatient sample was mostly female (58.9%), White (78.7%), and had a mean age of 33.01 (SD = 10.26). The inpatient sample was entirely male, predominantly White (91.5%), and had a mean age of 48.03 (SD = 13.88). Correlations were conducted to identify the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form Personality Psychopathology Five scales (Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008 ; Harkness et al., 2013 ) that were significantly related to variables measuring substance use. Subsequent regression analyses revealed that Disconstraint was the only significant predictor in the majority (89%) of analyses. In the event Disconstraint was not the only significant predictor, it continued to exhibit the largest unique predictive impact in the regression models. These results suggest that Disconstraint is the Personality Psychopathology-Five dimension most relevant to substance use.
Clusia scariosepala (Clusiaceae ), a Distinct Species of Clusia Sect . Anandrogyne Endemic to the Venezuelan Andes

Clusia sect. Anandrogyne is the most species-rich section in the genus and it includes approximately 70 species. Taxonomic boundaries within the group have been difficult to establish due to high degree of homoplasy in morphological characters. In order to make informed taxonomic decisions, an evaluation of both morphological (fruit morphology) and molecular (nrDNA ITS) data was made among species included in Clusia sect. Anandrogyne. It was found that Clusia multiflora subsp. scariosepala has strikingly distinctive fruit morphology and, furthermore, it is phylogenetically more closely related to other species of Clusia than to Clusia multiflora. Therefore, raising this taxon to the rank of species is proposed herein. Conservation status assessment for the species is also provided.
Abstract 625: Targeting of Heparin Binding EGF-like Growth Factor (HBEGF) Suppresses Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor Deficient Mice

Objective: Elevation of apoB-containing lipoproteins is a well-established risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Previous reports showed that expression of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF), a ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is associated with atherosclerosis development. In this study, we examined in vivo effects of HBEGF targeting on hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis by suppressing HBEGF expression using antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). Methods and Results: Female and male LDLR deficient mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD; 21% fat, 0.2% cholesterol) throughout the study. After 8 weeks of HFD feeding, mice were injected intraperitoneally with either control or HBEGF ASOs weekly for 12 weeks. At termination, we measured circulating lipid concentrations and atherosclerotic lesion size in the aorta. Compared to control ASO group, HBEGF ASO group had a significant reduction of circulating total cholesterol, triglyceride, and apoB-containing lipoprotein concentrations but no change of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration. Importantly, HBEGF ASO injection significantly suppressed atherosclerosis in the aortic arch, thoracic, and abdominal aorta. HBEGF ASO suppressed sterol synthetic gene expression in the liver but elevated lipid contents in the liver. HBEGF gene silencing in a liver cell system induced downregulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) target genes including LDLR and Insig1. Conclusion: Targeting HBEGF using ASOs is an efficient approach to suppress dyslipidemia and hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis. The differential gene expression analysis suggests that HBEGF ASO administration suppresses SREBP-regulated gene expression in the liver leading to downregulation of circulating cholesterol and TG concentrations.
Individual and non‐additive effects of exotic sap‐feeders on root functional and mycorrhizal traits of a shared conifer host

Summary Forest pests drive tree mortality through disruption of functional traits linked to nutrient acquisition, growth, and reproduction. The impacts of attack by individual or multiple aboveground herbivores on root functional traits critical to tree health have received little attention. This is especially true for exotic herbivores, organisms often found in disturbed forests. We excavated whole-root systems from eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) individuals experimentally infested with hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA: Adelges tsugae) and elongate hemlock scale (EHS: Fiorina externa) individually, or in combination, for periods of two and four years. Belowground root biomass, functional traits, and storage nutrients were measured to assess impacts of herbivory. We also quantified ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) colonisation of fine roots and used culture-independent methods to examine EMF diversity. Trees infested with HWA had a greater root mass fraction (root to total biomass ratio), although feeding had no observable effects on root functional traits (e.g., specific root length) or on resource allocation to roots. HWA feeding did significantly reduce EMF colonisation of hemlock fine roots, though surprisingly, EMF diversity and that of other fungal associates were unaffected. In contrast to HWA, EHS (alone or in conjunction with HWA) feeding had no observable effect on belowground traits or EMF colonisation alone; however, its presence mediated HWA effects when trees were co-infested. Simultaneous infestation within the same year yielded significant reductions in EMF colonisation, while prior EHS attack weakened HWA effects. Our results collectively suggest that prior EHS attack dampens the impact of HWA on belowground functional traits. This highlights how the timing and sequence of herbivore arrival can alter plant-mediated interactions between herbivores and their effects on above-belowground linkages and associated tree health. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
THE EFFECTS OF NUTRITION ASSESSMENT BY PREALBUMIN ON FIM SCORES IN PATIENTS WITH FALL AND FRACTURE.

Abstract Fall is leading cause of injury in elderly persons. Nutritional status is an important aspect of elderly life that influences quality of life in patients with fall and fractures. To evaluate the effects of nutritional assessment by prealbumin level on Functional Independence Measures (FIM) and Length of Stay (LOS)in elderly population with fall and fracture in rehabilitation hospital. : This study design was a one group pretest-posttest without a control group. Seventy one patients (n=71) 65 years or older with a diagnosis of fall and fracture recruited. Nutritional status was evaluated using the pre-albumin levels. Nutritional intervention implemented for participants who had prealbumin level of 18>mg/dl. Outcomes measures were discharge FIM scores and LOS. Fifty four patients (76%) were required nutritional interventions. Prealbumin levels, FIM scores, and food intake were significantly improved from admission to the discharge, for Prealbumin levels, t (71) = 7.53, p<0.01; X= 14.97 versus 19.42, and for total FIM scores, t (71) =21.45, p<0.01; X=1.82 versus 4.41. There was no significant correlation found between prealbumin changes and improved total FIM scores. Improved total FIM scores and self-care has significant negative correlations with LOS (r= -0.46, p<0.01) and (r=-0.47, p<0.01) respectively. Fifty six patients (78.9%) gained prealbumin with a mean gain of 6.1 mg/dl. Prealbumin gain was associated with higher FIM scores and lower LOS. : In patients who suffered a fall with resulting fracture, improving nutritional status is associated with improvement of functional levels and a decreased length of stay in rehabilitation hospital.
Performance analysis of a reconfigurable antenna array in WLAN channel models

This paper presents a performance evaluation of a pattern reconfigurable antenna array in a clustered MIMO channel model. Using the IEEE 802.11 TGn and TGac standard channel models, the effect of pattern diversity is investigated in both single-user and multi-user MIMO systems. The numerical results show that the additional degrees of freedom provided by a pattern reconfigurable array can mitigate the effects of co-channel interference and provide a significant gain in system capacity.
Unraveling Food Production Microbiomes: Concepts and Future Directions

Abstract Characterization of the microbiota in food production systems both in the live animal and in postharvest food–processing settings has always been a part of the analytical landscape. Certainly, foodborne pathogen detection has been important from a public health standpoint and continues to offer challenges for development of control measures to limit the impact of the presence of foodborne pathogens in all phases of food production from farm to fork. With the advent of improvements and subsequent widescale application of 16S ribosomal RNA gene–based microbiome sequencing, a new appreciation of microbial community dynamics is becoming realized. The interaction between the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and the host animal has helped to establish the concept of a healthy gut and identification of factors that may negatively influence the gut ecosystem is just one such example. However, as the data sets expand at a rapid rate and become multidimensional, the computational bioinformatics can become a limitation. There are several software pipelines currently available that are relatively accessible. In the future, computer program tools such as machine learning may provide further insight into microbiome data and potentially be used for making predictions based on data availability. Such approaches could be useful for the food industry to appraise various intervention strategies implemented in food production.
Abstract 19192: In Vivo Multiphoton Microscopy Following Myocardial Infarction Reveals Vascular Disarrangement

Introduction: Perturbed cardiomyocyte contractility and vascularization post-injury contribute to disease progression. In vivo multiphoton microscopy (MPM) allows for three-dimensional visualization of cell motion within a cardiac cycle. Revascularization is considered important for tissue repair after injury, however structural abnormalities suggest inefficient vessel function. The aim of this project was to study vascular alterations following myocardial infarction using in vivo MPM. Methods: C57Bl6 mice underwent transmural ventricular cryoinfarction (CI) with a liquid-N 2 -cooled copper probe. Imaging was performed in healthy controls and at 7-days post-injury. A region of the heart surface is stabilized by attaching a cover glass held by a 3D-printed titanium probe. Intravenous Texas-Red dextran is administered to label blood plasma. Imaging is conducted using a custom-built microscope equipped with high-speed image acquisition (30 frames/sec). Post-processing of images is used to align image frames according to ECG cycle. Histology for endothelial cells (PECAM-1), myofibroblasts (αSMA), and collagens (H&E, Masson’s) was performed post-imaging. Results: In vivo MPM of the beating heart demonstrated vessel tortuosity, orientation changes and red blood cell motion. 7-days post-CI, vessel anisotropy increased within a 3D volume (Control: 8.9±1.1, CI: 17.4±1.7, p Conclusions: We have demonstrated the presence of vascular disarrangement following myocardial infarction using the novel technique of in vivo MPM. This technology allows for in vivo monitoring during active phases of cardiac repair following injury.
Minimax lower bounds for the simultaneous wavelet deconvolution with fractional Gaussian noise and unknown kernels

Abstract Lower bounds are constructed for estimators of a function in the simultaneous deconvolution with fractional Gaussian noise and unknown kernels, and are expressed as the maxima between two terms that represent the noise sources and their weakest Long-range dependence.
Ewing’s Sarcoma Family of Tumors: Targeting Molecular Pathways and the Race for a Cure

Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) is a malignant tumor of bone and soft tissue in children and adolescents that is characterized by molecular alterations that most commonly involve the EWS gene on chromosome 22. It is an aggressive tumor, with metastases present at diagnosis in 20–25% of cases. Modern treatment regimens for localized disease have resulted in significant improvement in survival. However, the pre­sence of metastasis is associated with morta­lity in 70–80% of patients. New insights into the pathogenesis and prolife­rative mechanisms of human cancers have led to the identification of a number of proteins acting as messenger molecules and modulators of tumor growth. Targeting these molecules in ESFT has the potential effect of controlling tumor growth. This chapter summarizes the current research on molecular pathogenesis, proliferation pathways and new investigational pharmacologic agents that are under development in the race for the cure of this malignancy.
SINKING SATELLITES AND DISK HEATING OF SPIRAL GALAXIES

Most large galaxies possess a system of smaller satellite companions, such as the Magellanic Clouds around our own galaxy. Dynamical friction on the luminous body of the primary galaxy and its dark halo will lead to the decay of satellite orbits and some companions may eventually be assimilated by the large galaxy. For disk primaries, the kinetic energy available from a satellite accretion can easily be comparable to the total vertical kinetic energy of the disk. In such cases, the primary will be significantly perturbed by an accretion and perhaps destroyed by continued bombardment.
Quantum Interference in Disordered Electron Systems

While resistance in three-dimensional metals is rather well described by the (classical) Boltzmann theory one finds clear deviation from this description in two dimensions. The anomalous behavior of the resistance in two dimensions was first pointed out by Abrahams et al. (1) Anderson et al. (2) and Gorkov et al. (3) showed that at low but finite temperatures the conductance is not constant but has a temperature-dependent correction and Altshuler et al. (4) calculated a strong magnetoresistance. This effect, which is generally called weak localization, is more than just a new anomaly in the resistance of low-dimensional systems. Weak localization corresponds to a time of flight experiment with conduction electrons. As we will see below a magnetic field allows observation of the scattering of the electrons as a function of time. The correction to the conductance is generally calculated in the Kubo formalism and is given by the fan diagram shown in Figure 5.1a. The corresponding scattering process is described in Figure 5.1b in k-space. We consider at the time t = 0 an electron of momentum k which has the wave function exp(i kr). The electron k is scattered after the time τ0 into a state k′1, after 2τ0 into the state k′2, etc.
A Simplified Markov Chain Analysis of ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Used Without Limit Numbers

An explanation is provided of how to use simplified Markov chain methods to analyze sampling plans. It contains a brief description of the concepts of Markov chains and then uses the simplified procedure to analyze ANSI/ASQC Z1.4, "Sampling Procedu..
An Exploration of Intervention Augmentation in a Single Case.

Recent work has highlighted that process–outcome relationships are likely to vary depending on the client, yet much work remains to be done in the area of tailoring interventions to a given client....
Facilitating Spreadsheet Manipulation on Mobile Devices Leveraging Speech

Due to the prevalent use of spreadsheet applications, their user interface on a desktop has evolved significantly over time. However, user interfaces for spreadsheet applications on mobile devices are still in a nascent stage and are typically “ported” versions of their desktop counterparts. In this article, we present a simple tabular data manipulation scenario on mobile devices, leveraging speech input. We describe ways to complement direct manipulation-based input via touch or pen with minimalistic speech-based input. We also briefly discuss an open area for future research, where we could explore the role of speech input for interacting with spreadsheets along the spectrum of command-like utterances to a conversational dialog.
Gas Phase Hydrolysis and Oxo-Exchange of Actinide Dioxide Cations: Elucidating Intrinsic Chemistry from Protactinium to Einsteinium.

Author(s): Vasiliu, Monica; Gibson, John K; Peterson, Kirk A; Dixon, David A | Abstract: Gas-phase bimolecular reactions of metal cations with water provide insights into intrinsic characteristics of hydrolysis. For the actinide dioxide cations, actinyl(V) AnO2 + , melding of experiment and computation provides insights into trends for hydrolysis, as well as for oxo-exchange between actinyls and water that proceeds by a hydrolysis pathway. Here this line of inquiry is further extended into the actinide series with CCSD(T) computations of potential energy surfaces, for the reaction pathway for oxo-exchange through hydrolysis of nine actinyl(V) ions, from PaO2 + to EsO2 + . The computed surfaces are in accord with previous experimental results for oxo-exchange, and furthermore predict spontaneous exchange for CmO2 + , BkO2 + , CfO2 + and EsO2 + , but not for AmO2 + . Natural Bond Order analysis of the species involved in both hydrolysis and oxo-exchange reveals an inverse correlation between the barrier to hydrolysis and the charge on the actinide centre, q(An). Based on this correlation, it can be concluded that hydrolysis, and related phenomena such as oxo-exchange, become less favourable as the charge on the metal centre decreases. The new results provide a straightforward rationalization of trends across a wide swathe of the actinide series.
Is Frozen-Section Analysis During Thyroid Operation Useful in the Era of Molecular Testing?

Background With the increased use of molecular testing of thyroid fine-needle biopsies, the frequency and extent of thyroid resection for thyroid nodules has changed. Although the role of frozen-section analysis of the thyroid has been reduced markedly in recent years, many surgeons still routinely use it intraoperatively. We sought to determine the utility of frozen section during thyroidectomy in the era of molecular testing. Study Design We reviewed 236 consecutive patients who had thyroidectomy with intraoperative frozen-section analysis at our institution between November 2015 and October 2017. We re-reviewed the preoperative diagnosis, frozen-section diagnosis, final pathology, and whether operative management changed from the initial plan based on frozen section. Results Mean age of the patients was 55.6 ± 14.1 years, and 83% were female. Of the 236 patients, frozen section did not change the intraoperative management in 225 (95%). Of the 11 patients whose thyroid operation was modified, the operation was either too much or not enough in 6 patients. In only 5 (2.1%) patients, frozen-section analysis correctly changed the extent of thyroidectomy. Conclusions Thyroid frozen-section analysis adds cost and time to thyroid operations without notable benefit. In our cohort, only 2.1% of frozen sections accurately changed intraoperative management. We recommend against its routine use.
Histopathology of the Pancreas in Congenital Hyperinsulinism

The underlying genetic alterations in congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) are reflected in characteristic histopathologic changes in the pancreas of affected patients. The majority of cases with inactivating KATP mutations can be segregated into two morphologic forms, diffuse and focal HI, with corresponding alterations in islet cell nuclear size and growth patterns, respectively. Hyperinsulinism due to other gene defects and syndromes is less common, but these patients also demonstrate abnormalities in pancreatic endocrine tissue morphology. Correlation of the histologic and genetic findings remains a mainstay of both diagnosis and patient management and has especially important clinical implications at the time of surgery.
Where the Frontier Thrives: Bricks, Mix, and Zip

Entrepreneurship is a symptom of the place that nurtures high aspiration. Some locations will spring a disproportionate share of great outcomes from entrepreneurs. Recognize that as an effect, not a cause. Today high aspirations live in a crowd. That is unusual by historical comparison. Historians describe the way U.S. Steel dominated Pittsburgh, and how a small set of auto fi rms dominated Detroit. Nobody today talks about one firm dominating a vibrant city. Maybe the closest comparable situation today is the way Microsoft and Amazon dominate Seattle, which is notable for its rarity. Today the ownership structure for the supply chain for IT lies in multiple hands in many locations. The location developed the factors in response to many forces, not because a single fi rm asked for it. The opposite also holds. The mix has to be nearly present for independent reasons, before the aspirations become common. That means small regions are at an inherent disadvantage because they simply cannot get big enough to have that mix. To be sure, it does not prevent world -changing aspirations from thriving in cities such as Austin and Tel Aviv. It does mean smaller places are out of the running
Student Perceptions of Learning and Engagement in a Flipped Versus Lecture Course

Current literature suggests that students have equal or higher learning outcomes in a “flipped” classroom compared with a traditional lecture. However, there are few robust analyses of the flipped-...
COMMON VARIANTS OF NRXN1, LRP1B AND RORA ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED VENTRICULAR VOLUMES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND BIPOLAR DISORDER

Background Schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar disorder probands share many behavioral and biological traits including brain morphology features, as well as a partially overlapping complex polygenic basis. Ventricular volume enlargement is one of the most enduring anatomical findings in these disorders, representing a quantitative trait associated with severity. Methods We performed GWAS on a multi-ethnic sample from the Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes study (B-SNIP1) containing 1,115 unrelated cases and controls. FreeSurfer-processed volumes from structural MRI were used as quantitative phenotypes in GWAS with PsychChip genotypes imputed to the 1000 Genomes reference panel. Results Genome-wide significance was reached in associations with two regional volumes within the ventricular system: (1) The volume of the Temporal Horn of the Left Lateral Ventricle was associated with a SNP marker of NRXN1 (P= 1.156E-11), and (2) The volume of the Cavum Septum Pellucidum was associated with markers in LRP1B (P=1.661E-11) and RORA (P=1.72E-10). Discussion NRXN1 rare structural variants have been already associated with psychosis and cognition, but this is the first report of common SNP variants associated with increased ventricular volume. Presumably, the observed NRNX1 effect on temporal horn volume reflects shared regulation of morphometric characteristics of the surrounding limbic structures of the medial temporal lobe, not evident when these structures are considered separately. Previous research associated Cavum Septum Pellucidum persistence with schizophrenia, and this is the first report of a common genetic variant associated with its persistence related to neuropsychiatric disease. Co-expression analysis of NRXN1 and LRP1B identified genes involved in cell adhesion and neurotransmission. Our findings represent novel genetic associations implicated in the molecular basis of neuropsychiatric disorders at the stage of brain development.
Hypolimnetic oxygenation 1: win–win solution for massive salmonid mortalities in a reservoir tailwater hatchery on the Mokelumne River, California

Horne AJ. 2019. Hypolimnetic oxygenation 1: win–win solution for massive salmonid mortalities in a reservoir tailwater hatchery on the Mokelumne River, California. Lake Reserv Manage. 35:308–322. M...
Short- and long-term survival after laparoscopic versus open total gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma: a National database study.

The use of laparoscopic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer remains controversial. Our objective was to compare outcomes of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) vs. open total gastrectomy (OTG) for gastric adenocarcinoma using a national cancer database. The National Cancer Database (2010–2014) was analyzed for total gastrectomy cases performed for gastric adenocarcinoma. Patient demographics and surgical outcomes were stratified by stage and compared based on laparoscopic vs. open surgical approach. Primary outcome measures included 30-day and 90-day mortality and Kaplan–Meier curves to estimate long-term survival. There were 2584 cases analyzed, including 592 (22.9%) stage I, 710 (27.5%) stage II, and 1282 (49.6%) stage III cases. The distribution of LTG vs. OTG cases was 156 (26.4%) vs. 436 (73.6%) for stage I, 163 (23.0%) vs. 547 (77.0%) for stage II, and 241 (18.8%) vs. 1041 (81.2%) for stage III. For all stages analyzed, there was no difference between laparoscopic vs. open approach for adjusted 30-day mortality (stage I: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.52, p = 0.75; stage II: AOR 1.36, p > 0.99; stage III: AOR 0.46, p = 0.29) or 90-day mortality (stage I: AOR 0.46, p = 0.99; stage II: AOR 1.17, p = 0.99; stage III: 0.57, p = 0.29). There was no difference between LTG vs. OTG 5-year Kaplan–Meier estimated survival curves for any stage (stage I: p = 0.20; stage II: p = 0.83; stage III: p = 0.46). When compared to OTG, LTG had a similar hazard ratio (HR) for mortality (HR 0.89 p = 0.20). Laparoscopic total gastrectomy and OTG have comparable 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality, and long-term survival.
Folate, vitamin B-12, and cognitive function in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.

BACKGROUND There is evidence that low plasma vitamin B-12 and folate individually, as well as an imbalance of high folic acid and low vitamin B-12 status, may be associated with lower cognitive function. OBJECTIVES We examined dietary and plasma folate and vitamin B-12 status, and their interaction, in relation to cognitive function in a cohort of older Puerto Rican adults. METHODS The design is cross-sectional, with 1408 participants from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (mean ± SD age: 57.1 ± 7.9 y). Cognitive function was assessed with a comprehensive test battery and a global composite score was derived. Plasma folate, vitamin B-12, and methylmalonic acid (MMA) were assessed in fasting blood samples. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, high plasma folate and high plasma vitamin B-12 were each positively associated with global cognitive score (β: 0.063; 95% CI: -0.0008, 0.127; P = 0.053 and β: 0.062; 95% CI: 0.009, 0.12; P = 0.023, respectively, for logged values, and β: 0.002; 95% CI: 0.00005, 0.004; P-trend = 0.044 and β: 0.00018; 95% CI: 0.00001, 0.0003; P-trend = 0.036, respectively, across tertiles). Nine percent of participants had vitamin B-12 deficiency (plasma vitamin B-12 271 nmol/L), but none were folate deficient (plasma folate < 4.53 nmol/L). Deficient compared with higher vitamin B-12 was significantly associated with lower cognitive score (β: -0.119; 95% CI: -0.208, -0.029; P = 0.009). We could not examine the interaction for vitamin B-12 deficiency and high plasma folate, because there were too few individuals (<1% of the cohort) in this category to draw conclusions. CONCLUSIONS Low plasma vitamin B-12 and low plasma folate were each associated with worse cognitive function in this population. Vitamin B-12 deficiency was prevalent and clearly associated with poorer cognitive function. More attention should be given to identification and treatment of vitamin B-12 deficiency in this population. Additional, larger studies are needed to examine the effect of vitamin B-12 deficiency in the presence of high exposure to folic acid.
Enterococcal Physiology and Antimicrobial Resistance: The Streetlight Just Got a Little Brighter

Enterococcus faecalis differs from many other common human pathogens in its physiology and in its susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Multiresistant E. faecalis strains owe their phenotypes to a combination of intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance determinants. Acquired resistance is due to E. faecalis frequenting multicultural environments, its capacity to mate with different species, and the nullification of its own defense mechanisms in some lineages. Intrinsic resistance is a complex phenomenon that is intimately tied to the physiology of the species. In their recent study in mBio, Gilmore and colleagues (M. S. Gilmore, R. Salamzade, E. Selleck, N. Bryan, et al., mBio 11:e02962-20, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02962-20) use functional genomics to explore the genetic underpinnings of E. faecalis physiology and antimicrobial resistance. While they do not come up with many definitive answers, their work points the way toward new and fruitful areas of investigation.
Overparenting and Emerging Adults’ Insecure Attachment With Parents and Romantic Partners:

Attachment theory articulates that social and personal interactions influence individuals’ attachment characteristics. Although research has revealed various negative consequences of overparenting ...