cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neutralizing Antibody Assay Development with High Drug and Target Tolerance to Support Clinical Development of an Anti-TFPI Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody

Immunogenicity is a major challenge for protein therapeutics which can potentially reduce drug efficacy and safety and is often being monitored by anti-drug antibody (ADA) and neutralizing antibody (NAb) assays. Circulating targets and residual drugs in matrices can have significant impacts on accuracy of results from ADA and NAb assays, and sufficient drug and target tolerance for these assays are necessary. Here, we report the development of a competitive ligand binding (CLB) NAb assay for an anti-TFPI (tissue factor pathway inhibitor) monoclonal antibody (PF-06741086) with high drug and target tolerance to support ongoing clinical studies. A double acid affinity capture elution approach was used to mitigate drug interference, and a robust target removal strategy was employed to enhance target tolerance. The validated NAb assay has sensitivity of 313 ng/mL, drug tolerance of 50 μg/mL, and target tolerance of 1200 ng/mL. A step-by-step tutorial of assay development is described in this manuscript along with the rationale for using a high drug/target tolerant NAb assay. The NAb assay cut point factor obtained was 0.78. Other assay performance characteristics, e.g., precision and selectivity, are also discussed. This validated method demonstrated a superior drug and target tolerance to warrant specific and precise characterization of the NAb responses in support of ongoing clinical studies.
“I don’t know if I have the courage”: reproductive choices in times of Zika

In this transnational study, we aimed at providing insights into women’s views and attitudes towards their reproductive rights during the Zika epidemic. Women of distinct nationalities and ethnicities were recruited from various locations in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the United States. We conducted semistructured interviews that suggest that participants reproductive decisions were intimately related to personal convictions and cultural beliefs, and their actions and thoughts were embedded in their sociocultural norms. The majority of women interviewed communicated that it takes courage to make the extreme, emotional, and overwhelming decision to have an abortion. The findings of this study suggest that women from different countries and regions, and with different levels of social capital, faced the same conflicts concerning reproductive decisions. Thus, we argue for the importance of considering cultural beliefs and behaviors when implementing health prevention or protection measures to control epidemics. This epidemic may be yet another opportunity for the improvement of women’s health by strengthening culturally sensitive family planning services, and a broad spectrum of public health interventions.
US physicians' decision-making during buprenorphine-naloxone treatment: Conjoint analyses of dose and office visit adjustments based on patient progress.

Abstract Background Research on how US physicians individualize buprenorphine-naloxone treatment is limited. The current study uses conjoint analysis to examine the importance of current dose, visit frequency, clinical indicators, and payment type on office visit and dose adjustments during buprenorphine-naloxone treatment. Methods A national random sample of 776 US buprenorphine-prescribing physicians participated in a mailed survey between October 2015 and July 2018. The survey contained 16 patient vignettes describing: (1) current dose, (2) urine drug test (UDT) results and opioid blockade, (3) recent intravenous use, (4) visit attendance, (5) counseling adherence, (6) payment, and (7) visit schedule. Physicians rated how they would adjust office visits (0=definitely decrease to 5=no change to 10=definitely increase) and the dose (0=definitely decrease to 5=no change to 10=definitely increase). Descriptive statistics were calculated for the vignette responses. Conjoint analysis was used to estimate relative importance scores and part-worth utilities. Results Across the vignettes, the mean response for adjusting office visits was 7.43 (SD = 1.69), indicating a tendency to increase the frequency of visits. UDT results/opioid blockade, intravenous use, and current visit schedule had the greatest importance scores for office visit adjustments. The mean response for adjusting the dose was 5.48 (SD = 1.69), corresponding with a tendency toward not changing dose. Current dose, UDT results/opioid blockade, and intravenous use had the largest importance scores for dose adjustment. Conclusions Physicians individualized buprenorphine-naloxone treatment in response to hypothetical patient attributes by changing visit frequency and, to a lesser extent, modifying maintenance dose, in a manner generally consistent with current practice guidelines.
Trends in the Use of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for High-Grade Truncal and Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcomas.

Abstract Background In the randomized controlled trial (RCT) EORTC 62931, adjuvant chemotherapy failed to show improvement in relapse-free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS) for patients with resected high-grade soft tissue sarcoma (STS). We evaluated whether the negative results of this 2012 RCT have influenced multidisciplinary treatment patterns for patients with high-grade STS undergoing resection at seven academic referral centers. Methods The U.S. Sarcoma Collaborative database was queried to identify patients who underwent curative-intent resection of primary high-grade truncal or extremity STS from 2000 to 2016. Patients with recurrent tumors, metastatic disease, and those receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. Patients were divided by treatment era into early (2000-2011, pre-European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] trial) and late (2012-2016, post-EORTC trial) cohorts for analysis. Rates of adjuvant chemotherapy and clinicopathologic variables were compared between the two cohorts. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with OS and RFS. Results 949 patients who met inclusion criteria were identified, with 730 patients in the early cohort and 219 in the late cohort. Adjuvant chemotherapy rates were similar between the early and late cohorts (15.6% versus 14.6%; P = 0.73). Patients within the early and late cohorts demonstrated similar median OS (128 months versus median not reached, P = 0.84) and RFS (107 months versus median not reached, P = 0.94). Receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with larger tumor size (13.6 versus 8.9 cm, P Conclusions Rates of adjuvant chemotherapy for resected high-grade truncal or extremity STS have not decreased over time within the U.S. Sarcoma Collaborative, despite RCT data suggesting a lack of efficacy. In this retrospective multi-institutional analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with RFS or OS on multivariate analysis, consistent with the results from EORTC 62931. Rates of adjuvant chemotherapy for high-grade STS were low in both cohorts but may be influenced more by selection bias based on clinicopathologic variables such as tumor size, margin status, and patient age than by prospective, randomized data.
Abstract P481: Early Recognition of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF): Ventricular Elastance as a Predictive Marker for Prevention and Treatment

Introduction: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the most common type of heart failure, carries a 50% mortality rate within 3 years of diagnosis with evidence to support earl...
OUTCOMES OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Atrial fibrillation (AF) commonly complicates hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of AF catheter ablation in HCM patients. Medline, Embase, Cochrane, clinicaltrials.gov, were searched until August 2019. Studies reporting the outcomes of AF ablation in
Frequentist Properties of Bayesian Multiplicity Control for Multiple Testing of Normal Means

We consider the standard problem of multiple testing of normal means, obtaining Bayesian multiplicity control by assuming that the prior inclusion probability (the assumed equal prior probability that each mean is nonzero) is unknown and assigned a prior distribution. The asymptotic frequentist behavior of the Bayesian procedure is studied, as the number of tests grows. Studied quantities include the false positive probability, which is shown to go to zero asymptotically. The asymptotics of a Bayesian decision-theoretic approach are also presented.
Breast Augmentation by Autologous Fat Transfer

The best candidates for cosmetic breast augmentation by autologous fat transfer are those seeking a modest increase in size who (1) have adequate fat deposits for harvest by liposuction, (2) understand that an unpredictable proportion of the transplanted fat and associated volume will resorb during the healing phase, (3) are aware that multiple sessions may be required to achieve a suitable size increase, and (4) are aware that saline or silicone implants are options that deliver predictable size augmentation and reject those options. The authors discuss indications, preoperative evaluation, technique, and possible complications. Current literature demonstrates low complication rates in experienced hands, mammographic changes distinct from cancer at a rate no higher than that of other cosmetic breast operations, and no apparent effect on the incidence of breast cancer.
Occupying multiple stigmatized identities: Smoking and unemployment stigmas among the unemployed.

Abstract Stigma – which involves stereotyping, discrimination, and status loss – is a central driver of morbidity and mortality. Given the de-normalization of smoking and the status loss of unemployment, unemployed individuals who smoke may occupy multiple stigmatized identities. As such, this study examined aspects and correlates of smoking and unemployment stigmas among unemployed job-seekers who smoke. Adult job-seekers who smoke tobacco (N = 360) were recruited at government-run employment development departments (EDDs) in the San Francisco Bay Area in 2015–2018. Participants completed measures of smoking and unemployment stigma and self-reported their demographic, tobacco use, and physical and mental health characteristics. Smoking and unemployment stigmas were moderately positively correlated, and the sample reported higher unemployment stigma than smoking stigma. A sample majority endorsed at least one element of smoking and unemployment stigmas; most common for both was self-disappointment. Two sets of linear regression analyses using a general-to-specific modeling procedure were run to identify significant correlates of smoking stigma and unemployment stigma. Both stigmas were significantly associated with depressive symptoms and with preparing to quit smoking. Participants in poorer health and those with stable housing endorsed greater smoking stigma, while unemployment stigma was endorsed more among White individuals and those with past-year e-cigarette use. The findings highlight the need to examine multiply occupied stigmas as a social determinant of population health.
Jerzy Grotowski y la peligrosidad de los prólogos

El ensayo es una aproximacion preliminar a la relectura critica de Hacia un teatro pobre, de Grotowski. Considerando la version en ingles (1968) y la traduccion al espanol (1970), se cuestiona la pertinencia, los beneficios y hasta los obstaculos que la nota escrita por la traductora Margo Glantz, la nota anonima y el prefacio de Peter Brook aportan, cuando no desvirtuan, la lectura de la propuesta del maestro polaco. Esos prolegomenos, que en su momento presentaron a Grotowski a un publico occidental, pueden ser hoy considerados en parte responsables del dogmatismo con el que se disperso su ensenanza por el mundo y del misticismo que rodeo a la figura del maestro. Se hace, pues, necesario, revisar esas lecturas para liberar los textos grotowskianos y abrirlos a perspectivas contemporaneas en la praxis teatral. The Legacy of Jerzy Grotowski in Argentine Theatre Abstract The essay is a preliminary approach to a critical reading of Grotowski’s Towards a Poor Theatre, taking into consideration the English version of 1968 and its Spanish translation of 1970. The author problematizes the introductory ‘note’ written by Margo Glantz (translator of the Spanish version), and the preface by Peter Brook, arguing that they distort the reading of the Polish director’s work. Those texts, which at the time served the purpose of introducing Grotowski to a Western audience, can be considered today partly responsible for the dogmatism with which his teaching was received around the world and the mysticism with which he was cloaked. It is therefore necessary to critique these readings, and thus open Grotowski’s writings to a contemporary understanding of theatrical praxis. Recibido: 28 de enero de 2020 Aceptado: 03 de marzo de 2020
Cangrelor in addition to standard therapy reduces cardiac damage and inflammatory markers in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Although P2Y12 receptor blockers have become a standard, adjunctive therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the optimal regimen has not been established. We performed a prospective, open-label, randomized study to investigate the effect of cangrelor administration on platelet function and inflammation in patients with primary PCI (PPCI). Twenty-two patients were randomized to receive either cangrelor and ticagrelor or ticagrelor alone (standard group) before PPCI. Platelet reactivity was evaluated at baseline (before PCI), 10 min and the end of the procedure. At baseline, there was no significant difference in platelet reactivity between both groups, whereas platelets were significantly inhibited at 10 min after initiating cangrelor vs. standard (adenosine-diphosphate-induced aggregation 102.2 ± 24.88 vs. 333.4 ± 63.3, P < 0.05 and thrombin-receptor-activating-peptide-induced aggregation 285.8 ± 86.1 vs. 624.8 ± 106.0, P < 0.05). Lower platelet aggregation in the cangrelor group persisted but the difference was reduced by the end of the procedure. Circulating inflammatory cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, total elastase, and surrogates of neutrophil extracellular traps (total elastase-myeloperoxidase complexes) were significantly lower in the cangrelor compared to the standard therapy group at 6 h after randomization. There was a trend towards reduction in cardiac damage in the cangrelor group as reflected by the changes in late gadolinium enhancement between 48 h and 3 months after STEMI. Early administration of cangrelor in STEMI patients was associated with more effective platelet inhibition during PPCI and significantly dampened the deleterious inflammatory response compared to standard therapy (NCT03043274).
Consumer-Based Brand Authenticity and Brand Trust in Brand Loyalty in The Korean Coffee Shop Market:

Based on a well-established framework, this study proposes and tests a model that attempts to understand the dynamic relationships among three dimensions of brand authenticity (i.e., quality commit...
The use of an Ebola virus reporter cell line in a semi-automated microtitration assay

Abstract A variety of methods have been developed for quantification of infectious Ebola virus in clinical or laboratory samples, but existing methods often require extensive operator involvement, manual assay scoring, or the use of custom reagents. In this study, we utilize a recently developed Ebola-specific reporter cell line that expresses ZsGreen in response to Ebola virus infection, in conjunction with semi-automated processing and quantification techniques, to develop an unbiased, high-throughput microtitration assay for quantification of infectious Ebola virus in vitro. This assay was found to have equivalent sensitivity to a standardized plaque assay for quantifying viral titers. However, the new assay could be implemented with fewer reagents and processing steps, reduced subjectivity, and higher throughput. This assay may be useful for a variety of applications, particularly studies that require the detection or quantification of infectious Ebola virus in large numbers of samples.
Uncertainty Characterization in PM2.5 Estimates Across the Contiguous US

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Accurate PM2.5 exposure assessment, often performed using statistical prediction models, is a critical component of health studies and regulatory action. Ensemble modeling is be...
Plant compounds that induce polychlorinated biphenyl biodegradation by Arthrobacter sp. strain B1B.

Plant compounds that induced Arthrobacter sp. strain B1B to cometabolize polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were identified by a screening assay based on the formation of a 4,49-dichlorobiphenyl ring fission product. A chemical component of spearmint (Mentha spicata), l-carvone, induced Arthrobacter sp. strain B1B to cometabolize Aroclor 1242, resulting in significant degradation of 26 peaks in the mixture, including selected tetra- and pentachlorobiphenyls. Evidence for PCB biodegradation included peak disappearance, formation of a phenylhexdienoate ring fission product, and chlorobenzoate accumulation in the culture supernatant. Carvone was not utilized as a growth substrate and was toxic at concentrations of greater than 500 mg liter-1. Several compounds structurally related to l-carvone, including limonene, p-cymene, and isoprene, also induced cometabolism of PCBs by Arthrobacter sp. strain B1B. A structure-activity analysis showed that chemicals with an unsaturated p-menthane structural motif promoted the strongest cometabolism activity. These data suggest that certain plant-derived terpenoids may be useful for promoting enhanced rates of PCB biodegradation by soil bacteria.
Do Voluntary Corporate Efforts Improve Environmental Performance?: The Empirical Literature

Many companies are adopting environmental performance programs that aim to go beyond regulatory compliance and provide greater environmental protection. How effective are they in doing so? This Article collects and surveys the empirical studies of environmental performance of these programs and presents a picture of mixed results. When companies adopt environmental management systems, their regulatory performance and nonregulated environmental impacts often improve. There is little empirical support, however, for the proposition that these systems are associated with design and implementation of greener products or processes. When companies adopt voluntary environmental performance standards, the evidence is mixed; it seems to suggest that these standards are not associated with improved performance. Yet a qualification is needed here: both the company programs and the empirical studies are relatively new and these results may well change as the programs become more institutionalized within the companies, and the studies have access to better data.
Assessment of Childhood Trauma

Legally contested issues involving children may include a variety of traumatic events. Forensic referrals regarding childhood trauma differ in purpose, including, but not limited to, those associated with personal injury litigation, child abuse cases, child custody conflicts (including allegations of child abuse or domestic violence), special education eligibility, and delinquency cases in which PTSD may be relevant to the offense or the potential for rehabilitation. Forensically relevant referrals can represent a wide variety of interpersonal and noninterpersonal forms of trauma. How a child reacts to a stressful event is a function of a complex biopsychosocial process, including, but not limited to, the level of stress, the nature of the traumatic event, the child's coping ability, predisposition for autonomic arousal, the child's personality, and the availability for constructive support following the trauma. The forensic assessment is different in scope, purpose, and method than the traditional clinical evaluation, including the use of assessment instruments and interview formats consistent with the nature of the trauma being considered and the child's stage of developmental functioning. Each type of referral demands knowledge of the specifically relevant law of the applicable jurisdiction, developmentally appropriate understanding about the nature of the trauma, and must focus on the relevant psycho-legal questions. Trauma-related evaluations which are objectively performed, utilizing multimodal assessment methods, and integrate specialized knowledge about trauma and its effects upon children can provide the trier of fact with valuable information necessary to a decision. Keywords: assessment; child; developmental; forensic; trauma
Muranów czyli karczowanie. O książce „Festung Warschau” Elżbiety Janickiej

Muranow, or about land clearing The article is a review of “Festung Warschau” by Elzbieta Janicka which maps the clash between the recently built monuments celebrating Jewish or Polish places of martyrdom from the times of Second World War. Janicka walks through the streets of the former Jewish neighbourhoods of Warsaw; she photographs and discusses the new plaques, crosses, monuments, and other forms of public marking of history on the buildings, squares and streets. She convincingly shows that the new historical commemorative signs of Polish martyrdom are often placed in the sites that were marked by Jewish resistance or suffering, and that the marks of Polish suffering are rarely linked materially to the site. The new monuments obstruct and hide the past presence of Warsaw Jews and, by submerging their past, create a new vision of ethnically cleansed history of Warsaw, especially in its relation to Second World War. The review applauds the book and rejects some of the criticism against it.
Width and length scaling of glaciers

An analysis of hundreds of mountain and valley glaciers in the former Soviet Union and the Alps shows that characteristic glacier widths scale as characteristic glacier lengths raised to an exponent of 0.6. This is in contrast to most previous analyses which implicitly of explicitly assumed scaling exponents of either 0 or 1. The exponent 0.6 implies that average glacier widths are proportional to average glacier thicknesses. Although this seems to suggest V-shaped glacier valleys, the linear width-thickness relationship is not inconsistent with parabolic valley cross-sections, because the characteristic (or average) width of a glacier depends on many other aspects of channel and glacier morphology, including variations in the channel width with distance up- and downstream.
Growth depression in taurine-depleted infant monkeys

In order to determine the effect of taurine depletion in primates, two species were selected which differed in their taurine conjugtion of bile acids. Consequently, eight cebus (taurine conjugators) and nine cynomolgus monkeys (glycine conjugators) were raised from birth with soybean infant milk formula lacking taurine. Half the monkeys received a 500 ppm taurine supplement. After 5 months the taurine concentration of plasma, urine and several tissues was greatly reduced in the unsupplemented monkeys. The least depletion occurred in retinal tissue of both species and in bile acids of cebus, whereas cynomolgus monkeys increased the glycine conjugation of their bile acids 125%. Taurine depletion was associated with a significant growth depression (16.8%) in the unsupplemented monkeys, but retinal degeneration was not observed. Neither species demonstrated an appreciable capacity to synthesize taurine as measured by cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase activity in liver and brain. The data suggest that dietary taurine is essential for maximum growth, as measured by weight gain, of infant nonhuman primates fed a soy protein milk formula.
Modulation of a Voltage-activated Potassium Channel by Peptide Growth Factor Receptors

Regulation of the activity of a cloned component of a voltage-activated K+ channel, Kv1.5, was studied by expressing the K+ channel and receptors for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) simultaneously in Xenopus oocytes. Receptor activation mediated a decline in the Kv1.5 current amplitude, with a half-time of about 20 min. The reduction in K+ current amplitude occurred with little change in the kinetics or voltage sensitivity of activation. A similar phenomenon was found when the human thrombin or rat 5-HT1c receptors, two receptors that increase phospholipase C activity, were tested in coexpression experiments. A mutant FGF receptor, which does not activate phospholipase C-gamma 1 but retains several of its other functions, did not modulate the Kv1.5 current. Simultaneous injection of inositol trisphosphate and superfusion of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate reproduced the modulation of the Kv1.5 current. These results demonstrate that the PDGF and FGF receptors can modulate a voltage-activated K+ channel by increasing phospholipase C activity, and suggest that PDGF or FGF may be able to alter rapidly the electrical excitability of neurons.
Dopaminergic amacrine cells in the cat retina

Abstract Autoradiographic studies of cat retina showed an accumulation of [3H]dopamine in a subpopulation of amacrine cells whose process ramify in the outermost stratum of the inner plexiform layer. Dendrites of these cells are characterized by numerous varicosities measuring up to 2 μm in diameter which are connected by fine intervaricose segments. The dopaminergic amacrine cells are presynaptic to other labeled cells and to unlabeled amacrine populations but not to bipolar or ganglion cells. [3H]Dopamine-labeled processes provide extensive synaptic input to the somata and lobular appendages of type AII amacrine cells. This relationship suggests that dopaminergic amacrine cells may play an important role in the regulation of rod pathways in the cat retina.
Image analysis for biomedical and healthcare applications

Multimodality data is now commonly produced in healthcare environments and requires sophisticated algorithms to analyze. Image data is varied and includes such modalities as CT, MRI, functional MRI, and DTI, as well as 3D meshes extracted from multi-view stereo. Research at the University of Washington has been carried out in multiple different aspects of biomedical and healthcare applications including craniofacial image analysis from CT and 3D mesh data, brain image analysis from DTI and fMRI data, and tremor analysis from video data. This presentation will describe work in each of these areas. The algorithms described all involve complex feature vectors that are explicitely related to the conditions being analyzed or the goals of the analyses. They also involve the use of sophisticated machine learning algorithms, in some cases in multiple stages of the process.
MULTIFREQUENCY EXCITED JETS

Nonlinear wave–wave interactions in turbulent jets were investigated based on the integrated energy of each scale of motion in a cross section of the jet. The analysis indicates that two frequency components in the axisymmetric mode can interact with other background frequencies in the axisymmetric mode, thereby amplifying an enormous number of other frequencies. Two frequency components in a single helical mode cannot, by themselves, amplify other frequency components. But combinations of frequency components of helical and axisymmetric modes can amplify other frequencies in other helical modes. The present computations produce several features consistent with experimental observations on two‐frequency excitation such as (1) dependence of the interactions on the initial phase differences between the waves, (2) enhancement of the momentum thickness under multifrequency forcing, and (3) the increase in background turbulence under forcing. In a multifrequency‐excited turbulent jet the mechanisms contributing to the development of the jet are identified. Mixing enhancement was found to result from the turbulence enhancement rather than simply from the amplification of forced wave components. The excitation waves pump energy from the mean flow to the turbulence, thus enhancing the latter. The high‐frequency waves enhance the turbulence close to the jet exit, while the low‐frequency waves are most effective farther downstream.
Protomatching network traffic for high throughputnetwork intrusion detection

Before performing pattern matching, a typical misuse-NIDS performs protocol analysis: it parses network traffic according to the attack protocol and normalizes the traffic into the form used by its signatures. For example, consider a NIDS that attempts to identify an HTTP-based attack. The NIDS must extract the URL from the raw traffic, convert HEX encoded characters into their equivalent ASCII form if necessary, and only then perform matching on the normalized URL. Protocol analysis is time consuming, especially in a NIDS that analyzes and normalizes all traffic just to discover that the majority of the traffic does not match any of its signatures.We develop a technique called protomatching that combines protocol analysis, normalization, and pattern matching into a single phase. The goal of the protomatching signatures is to exclude non-attack traffic quickly before the NIDS performs any further time-consuming analysis. Protomatching is based on a novel signature with two properties. First, the signature ensures that the attack pattern appears in the context that enables successful attack. This saves the need for protocol analysis. Second, the signature matches both encoded and normalized forms of an attack and this saves the need for normalization.We empirically show that a Snort implementation that uses protomatching is up to 49% faster than an unmodified Snort.
Evaluation of precipitation in the Intermountain Region as simulated by the NARCCAP regional climate models

[1] We evaluated the precipitation climatology of the Intermountain Region (IR) as generated by the six regional climate models of the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP). A complex combination of the precipitation annual and semiannual cycles with their different phases form four major climate regimes over the IR. Each model produces systematic biases in the central IR where these different climate regimes meet. The simulated annual cycles are universally too strong, and the winter precipitation is too large. On the other hand, the semiannual cycles are relatively well produced. The strong annual cycles and the excess winter precipitation obscure the signals of spring/summer precipitation and may have led to false signals of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) found in the central IR. Therefore, caution is advised when interpreting the simulated NARCCAP precipitation for the IR.
Altruism and Social Solidarity: Envisioning a Field of Specialization

This article has presented a vision of what a field of altruism and social solidarity could potentially involve. An additional perspective on the nature of this field and how it could contribute to the discipline and to society is provided by the science of psychology. In the last decade a fundamental new orientation has developed in this discipline, growing from the pioneering work of Martin E.P. Seligman. Generally identified as “positive psychology” it represents a shift from a focus on trying to understand and find solutions to mental illness and various pathologies of thought and behavior in a “disease model” to a focus on human strengths, virtues, and other positive characteristics. This shift in focus is regarded as making a direct contribution to understanding what is best in human emotions and traits and how society can support the psychological flourishing of individuals. This new perspective in turn provides increased awareness of how the problems studied in the disease model can more effectively be prevented (Seligman, 2003, 2005). The importance of this focus on the positive for sociology and a call to action is stated by Seligman (2003): The third pillar of positive psychology is the study of positive institutions and positive communities.
Concurrent CD5-negative small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and CD5-positive metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary in a lymph node biopsy

CD5 expression is considered a key marker for the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). We report an unusual case of CD5-negative (CD5−) SLL with a concurrent CD5-positive (CD5+) adenocarcinoma of unknown primary involving the same lymph node. An 83-year-old woman with a history of CD5− B cell lymphoma diagnosed on a core biopsy of a cervical lymph node presented with jaundice and was found to have a 2.5-cm pancreatic mass. A fine needle aspiration of the mass revealed a CD5− monotypic B cell population. A subsequent excisional biopsy of a cervical lymph node showed morphologic findings typical for SLL, including the presence of multiple proliferation centers. However, the neoplastic lymphocytes were negative for CD5 by both flow cytometric analysis and immunohistochemistry. Interestingly, multifocal metastatic adenocarcinoma was identified and was positive for CD5. Lack of CD5 expression often leads to the exclusion of CLL/SLL, particularly in small biopsy samples. However, rare cases of CD5− CLL/SLL have been reported. In addition, CD5 is not an exclusive marker for lymphoid cells; its expression has been observed in several non-hematopoietic neoplasms. This report briefly reviewed and discussed CD5− CLL/SLL and CD5+ carcinoma reported in the literature.
Hematologic malignancies occurring in patients with urticaria pigmentosa

Six patients had hematologic malignancies and coincident urticaria pigmentosa, five with the disseminated maculopapular form and one with the plaque form. Two patients had the juvenile-onset variety; the remainder had the adult eruptive variety. None of the patients complained of symptoms that could be attributed to liberation of histamine. In the two patients with juvenile-onset urticaria pigmentosa, the hematologic malignancies developed at the age of 17 years; one had Hodgkin's disease, and the other had acute myelomonocytic leukemia. In three patients with adult eruptive urticaria pigmentosa, the cutaneous lesions developed within 12 months of the diagnoses of lymphocytic lymphoma (two patients) and evolving myelomonocytic leukemia (one patient). In the remaining patient, cutaneous lesions developed many years before chronic lymphocytic leukemia was diagnosed. None of the patients had systemic mastocytosis. Skin biopsy specimens from all six patients showed an increase in dermal and perivascular round cells, and mast cells were seen in specimens from five of the six patients. In patients who received cytotoxic drugs for the hematologic malignancy, there was no change in the urticaria pigmentosa.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of diterpene resin acids by glass capillary gas—liquid chromatography

Abstract Wall-coated open-tabular glass capillary columns are useful for the qualitative gas—liquid chromatographic analysis of diterpene resin acid methyl ester mixtures. The solution characteristics of 77 compounds on six liquid stationary phases (Silar 10C, BDS, SP-2330, SP-1000, SE-54 and SE-30) are given. For most applications, two stationary phases, one polar and the other non-polasr, will suffice. The reproductibility of quantitative data was found to be unacceptable when typical size samples were injected into an inlet splitter by an automatic injector. However, by injecting large samples (over 20 ng per component on to the column) reliable quantitative data are obtainable.
The Physiological Response of New Hampshires to High Temperatures

Abstract The role of the endocrine system in physiological stress has been the topic of much experimentation (Faber, 1964). Chancellor and Glick (1960) reported that high temperatures influence the number of circulating leucocytes in young chickens. Siegel (1962) reported adrenal hypertrophy and adrenal cholesterol depletion in the presence of ACTH. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the effects of high temperatures on circulating leucocytes and adrenal cholesterol of young New Hampshires. The experimental chickens were from a strain of New Hampshires developed at our Experiment Station by L. J. Dreesen. All birds were reared in batteries and fed a basal diet (Glick and Dreesen, 1967). A constant temperature chamber (Electric Hotpack, Philadelphia) insured a temperature range between 41°–45°C. The first series of experiments were designed to determine the effects of single exposures of 30, 60, or 120 minutes of heat on 3 or 4-week-old chicks. Adrenal cholesterol levels . . .
Case Report: A Condition of Bone Degeneration in Chickens and its Possible Relationship to So-Called “Scabby” Hip

Abstract A common condition of skin eruption, lacerations, etc. associated often with broken or hemorrhagic feather shafts occurring on the thigh of broilers is thought possibly to be related to a common but undescribed condition of femoral degeneration. The proximal end of the femur separates at the epiphysis exposing a truncated, degenerate bone shaft which may be pitted or subject to osteolysis. The former condition is thought to be due to self picking. The two conditions are thought to be related since the self picking occurs in the area of bone degenerative changes and birds may be picking themselves in an effort to relieve local irritation.
The Role of Architectural Sculpture in Ritual Space at Teotihuacan, Mexico

This article presents an analysis of the role played by architectural sculpture in creating directional focus in the buildings and plazas of Teotihuacan, Mexico. The sculptural programs of the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent and the Palace of the Sacred Birds, one early in the city's building history, and the other late, are compared. Architectural form and decoration are shown to work together to engage the viewer and to manipulate the viewer's relationship to sacred and elite space.
A Balanced Perspective to Perioperative Process Management Aligned to Hospital Strategy

Dynamic technological activities of analysis, evaluation, and synthesis can highlight complex relationships within integrated processes to target improvement and ultimately yield improved processes. Likewise, the identification of existing process limitations, potential capabilities, and subsequent contextual understanding are contributing factors that yield measured improvement. Based on a 120-month longitudinal study of an academic medical center, this study investigates how integrated information systems and business analytics can improve perioperative efficiency and effectiveness across patient quality of care, stakeholder satisfaction, clinical operations, and financial cost effectiveness. This case study examines process management practices of balanced scorecard and dashboards to monitor and improve the perioperative process, aligned to overall hospital goals at strategic, tactical, and operational levels. The conclusion includes discussion of study implications and limitations.
The sensitive period for strabismus in the kitten.

Abstract The ocular dominance of single units in the striate cortex was assessed in normal kittens and in kittens exposed to either 2 days or 2 weeks of divergent strabismus at various times during rearing. The data indicate that the sensitive period for disrupting cortical binocularity by means of visual axis misalignment is similar to that for monocular deprivation. This result suggests that there is just one sensitive period for the development of cortical binocularity.
Theorem Proving with Structured Theories (Preliminary Report)

Abstract Abstract Motivated by the problem of query answering over multiple structured commonsense theories, we exploit graph-based techniques to improve the efficiency of theorem proving for structured theories. Theories are organized into sub theories that are minimally connected by the literals they share. We present message-passing algorithms that reason over these theories using consequence finding, specializing our algorithms for the case of first-order resolution, and for concurrent theorem proving. We provide an algorithm that restricts the interaction between subtheories by exploiting the polarity of literals. We attempt to minimize the reasoning within each individual partition by exploiting existing algorithms for focused incremental and general consequence finding. Finally, we propose an algorithm that compiles each subtheory into one in a reduced sublanguage. We have proven the soundness and completeness of all of these algorithms. We wish to thank the anonymous IJCAI reviewers for their thorough review of this paper, and Alvaro del Val and Pierre Marquis for helpful comments on the relationship between our work and previous work on consequence finding. This research was supported in part by DARPA grant N66001-97-C-8554-P00004, NAVY grant N66001-00-C-8027, and by DARPA grant N66001-00-C-8018 (RKF program).
Molecular Basis of Barriers for Interspecies Transmissibility of Mammalian Prions

Spongiform encephalopathies are believed to be transmitted by a unique mechanism involving self-propagating conformational conversion of prion protein into a misfolded form. Here we demonstrate that fundamental aspects of mammalian prion propagation, including the species barrier and strain diversity, can be reproduced in vitro in a seeded fibrillization of the recombinant prion protein variant Y145Stop. Our data show that species-specific substitution of a single amino acid in a critical region completely changes the seeding specificity of prion protein fibrils. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sequence-based barriers that prevent cross-seeding between proteins from different species can be bypassed, and new barriers established, by a template-induced adaptation process that leads to the emergence of new strains of prion fibrils. Although the seeding barriers observed in this study do not fully match those seen in animals, the present findings provide fundamental insight into mechanistic principles of these barriers at a molecular level.
Further studies of the kinetics of glucose utilization. 2. Diabetic patients.

ABSTRACT Glucose utilization studies were performed in 17 normal subjects, in 14 patients with mild diabetes, and in 9 patients with severe diabetes by two techniques, i.e., single injection and continuous infusion of glucose. Data were analyzed by a new method which yields a valid specific rate constant of glucose utilization (K) not dependent upon the equation describing blood glucose disappearance. It was shown that previous methods of data analysis resulted in aggravated errors when applied to diabetics. Older normal subjects had significantly higher fasting blood glucose (Cf) and reference (Ceq) levels than younger normal subjects. In contrast to the younger group, the older group showed no significant difference between Ceq and Cf. K and glucose space (V) were similar in both groups. In all diabetics the single-injection method yielded a Ceq higher than Cf. This probably resulted from an increased hepatic glucose output despite a rising concentration of blood glucose. With the continuous-infusion me...
Chronic Infectious Disease and the Future of Health Care Delivery

Work that has been done in low-income countries to build health systems that can respond to AIDS and TB (as well as other acute and chronic diseases) shows that with adequate resources, we can improve care delivery, sharply reducing morbidity and mortality.
Compact low profile wideband rectangular patch antenna

A new wideband microstrip antenna is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna has a compact size of 20×16 mm 2 and an impedance bandwidth of 3.5 GHz to 18 GHz. The full 3D electromagnetic simulation software CST STUDIO SUITE was used to simulate and analyze the proposed antenna. The reflection coefficient, the radiation pattern, and the gain are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed antenna. The proposed antenna is fabricated to verify the results.
Medication administration through enteral feeding tubes

Purpose. An overview of enteral feeding tubes, drug administration techniques, considerations for dosage form selection, common drug interactions with enteral formulas, and methods to minimize tube occlusion is given. Summary. Enteral nutrition through a feeding tube is the preferred method of nutrition support in patients who have a functioning gastrointestinal tract but who are unable to be fed orally. This method of delivering nutrition is also commonly used for administering medications when patients cannot swallow safely. However, several issues must be considered with concurrent administration of oral medications and enteral formulas. Incorrect administration methods may result in clogged feeding tubes, decreased drug efficacy, increased adverse effects, or drug–formula incompatibilities. Various enteral feeding tubes are available and are typically classified by site of insertion and location of the distal tip of the feeding tube. Liquid medications, particularly elixirs and suspensions, are preferred for enteral administration; however, these formulations may be hypertonic or contain large amounts of sorbitol, and these properties increase the potential for adverse effects. Before solid dosage forms are administered through the feeding tube, it should be determined if the medications are suitable for manipulation, such as crushing a tablet or opening a capsule. Medications should not be added directly to the enteral formula, and feeding tubes should be properly flushed with water before and after each medication is administered. To minimize drug–nutrient interactions, special considerations should be taken when administering phenytoin, carbamazepine, warfarin, fluoroquinolones, and proton pump inhibitors via feeding tubes. Precautions should be implemented to prevent tube occlusions, and immediate intervention is required when blockages occur. Conclusion. Successful drug delivery through enteral feeding tubes requires consideration of the tube size and placement as well as careful selection and appropriate administration of drug dosage forms.
Efficacy and safety of sodium phosphate tablets compared with PEG solution in colon cleansing: two identically designed, randomized, controlled, parallel group, multicenter phase III trials.

Abstract Background: Liquid purgatives for cleansing before colonoscopy often are poorly tolerated. A sodium phosphate tablet has been developed to provide equivalent efficacy with better patient tolerance. These 2 studies compare the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptance of the tablet (Visicol) to a polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution in adults undergoing colonoscopy. Methods: Two identically designed, randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter trials were performed. The primary efficacy variable was the overall quality of colon cleansing. Patient tolerance was assessed in terms of compliance with the dosing regimen. Safety assessments included recording of adverse events and changes in biochemical tests, electrocardiogram, and vital signs. Results: Eight hundred forty-five patients participated in the studies; 420 took sodium phosphate tablets and 425 took a PEG solution. The 2 methods of preparation were equivalent in the overall quality of colon cleansing, cleansing in the right colon, and the frequency of inadequate preparation. Overall cleansing was excellent or good in 84.3% of patients in the tablet group and in 76.7% in the PEG group. Patient compliance was greater in the tablet group. There were also significantly fewer GI side effects in this group. Conclusions: Sodium phosphate tablets, compared with PEG solution, produce equivalent colon cleansing, are associated with fewer GI side effects, and are better tolerated by patients. (Gastrointest Endosc 2001;54:705-13.)