cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dispositions and Partial Dispositions of a Partnership Interest

While the computation of gain or loss on the sale of a partnership interest seems easy to determine, it can be problematic if some but not all of the partner's interest is sold. In addition, if the selling partner has been allocated a share of the entity's indebtedness under section 752, a naive application of the usual debt allocation rules can produce results that are inconsistent with the underlying economics of the transaction. Finally, determining the ancillary tax consequences of the sale including the proper post-sale sharing of built-in asset gain can be complex, especially when the selling partner has received a debt-financed distribution prior to the partial disposition. Fortunately, by ensuring symmetric tax consequences between the selling and purchasing taxpayers, sensible results can be reached.
Magnitude and Delay Approximation of 1-D IIR Filters

It has already been shown in the previous chapter that one of the most well known methods for designing 1-D IIR filters to approximate only a prescribed magnitude response, is based on the application of the bilinear transformation to the corresponding analog filter functions. The classical theory of analog filters that approximates the piece-wise constant magnitude over finite bands of frequency is a highly advanced and mathematically sophisticated part of circuit theory, that has contributed to and benefited from the mathematical theory of approximation. Numerical methods based on both linear and nonlinear optimization techniques have also been developed extensively during the last four decades to design such filters. Many well-known computer software packages are available for the analysis and design of filters using passive elements only or passive elements and active devices like Operational Amplifiers, Transconductance Amplifiers,and Switched Capacitors [14, 45, 46].
Element Abundances in the Interstellar Atomic Material

In the interstellar medium, a significant fraction of the free atoms for elements heavier than helium must have condensed into solids, in the form of small, interstellar dust grains. Observations of optical and ultraviolet absorption lines in the spectra of hot stars indicate that the depletions below the cosmic abundances of various elements range from almost none at all to a factor 10-4 and seem to be enhanced along Unes of sight with higher mean density. Other methods of measuring abundances confirm the absorption line results. The available evidence supports the notion that the grains form in both the atmospheres of cool stars and in dense interstellar clouds, and they are destroyed by shocks which frequently pass through the low density gas.
Introduction to gb -Triple Systems

This paper introduces the category of -triple systems and studies some of their algebraic properties. Also provided is a functor from this category to the category of Leibniz algebras.
A Hierarchical Method for Reasoning about Distributed Programming Languages

This paper presents a technique for specifying and reasoning about the operational semantics of distributed programming languages. We formalize the concept of “vertical stacking” of distributed systems, an extension of Joyce's, Windley's and Curzon's stacking methodologies for sequential systems and of the CLI “short stack” which stacks interpreters for object code, assembly code, and a high-level sequential language. We use a state transition model to account for the issues of atomicity, concurrency and nondeterminism at all levels in our stack. A correctness definition is given, which for each pair of adjacent language semantics and mappings between them, produces proof obligations corresponding to the correctness of the language implementation. We present an application of the method to a two-level stack: the microSR distributed programming language and a multi-processor instruction set, which is the target language for a compiler for microSR. We also present the development of a verified programming logic for microSR, using the same microSR semantic specification. The HOL system is used for the specification and the proofs.
Atopic dermatitis. Observations in natural history and prognosis.

Abstract Atopic dermatitis defies accurate morphologic and etiologic classification within present concepts of dermatologic or allergic diseases. It is hoped, with investigation of each of the parameters that enter the clinical picture throughout life, that a better understanding of the disease process will be obtained. The historical data on 72 children hospitalized because of severe atopic dermatitis are analyzed by means of a case-control study including follow-up that averaged 5.58 patient years per case. Within this selected group of atopic dermatitis patients, an 18 per cent incidence of congenital anomalies and a 23.6 per cent association with significant medical disorders were uncovered. The congenital and acquired disorders cover a wide variety of diseases, many of them unrelated to one another or to any known genetically conditioned state. The children were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of atopic dermatitis between the years 1951 and 1963, on the pediatric services in 3 different hospitals. The results were compared to results in controls of the same age, race, and sex who were admitted to the medical services of the same institutions about the same time. The differences between these groups are significant. This information suggests a relationship between severe atopic dermatitis and some of the acquired and congenital abnormalities that accompany it. Continued investigation will be necessary to further clarify these observations.
Not so sweet malignant transformation

A critical requirement for the success of a multicellular organism is the ability to exquisitely regulate the growth of its component cells. Tumors, also called neoplasias, occur when that regulation is disturbed; the term neoplasia simply means “new growth.” The pathology community classifies neoplasias as benign or malignant based on morphologic features of the cells in the tumor, the presence of metastases, and more recently immunologic and genetic features, as a way to predict how a particular neoplasia will behave and impact the patient with time. Within malignant tumors, generally understood as “cancer,” the constituent cells will show a pattern of changes denoted as dysplasia, such as altered nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios, hyperchromatic nuclei, variable cell size and shape, disrupted polarity and stratification, lack of differentiation, abnormal mitotic figures, and multiple nuclei. In general, cancers that have more extensive dysplastic features will be more aggressive and more likely to metastasize.
Balanced codes for noise reduction in VLSI systems

In a balanced code each codeword contains equal number of 1's and 0's. In this paper, methods for the construction of balanced codes, which use parallel encoding/decoding are described. The codes use fewer check bits and less hardware complexity than the existing codes. >
The Future of U.S. China Relations | O Futuro das Relações China - Estados Unidos

With the recent possibility of China rising as the world’s most powerful economy and surpassing the US, this paper will explore what is possible to expect for the future. Under these circumstances it is developed how the relationship between the two countries can change the international scene that we know since the end of Cold War. To comprehend this situation it is compared China and US in terms of: territory; population; army; cultural industries; Universities; non-governmental organizations; and soft power. Despite China’s astounding growth rate, it is argued that China has been facing problems such as an underdeveloped countryside and a rapid urbanization. Furthermore, for the U.S. maybe, in a near future, it will be a hard mission to hold back the power gain of emergent countries. Although, it is clear that China and US are, in terms of commerce, interdependent. It is concluded that this process, in the end, can manage to a positive change that would bring benefits for all countries and the balance of power is decisive for the success or ruin of the relationship between these eastern and western countries. Key-words: China – U.S. Relations; Economic power; Balance of power. Resumo: Com a recente possiblidade da China se tornar a economia mais poderosa do mundo, ultrapassando os Estados Unidos, esta pesquisa ira explorar o que e possivel esperar para o futuro. Dentro desse contexto e desenvolvido como as relacoes entre esses dois paises podem causar mudancas no âmbito internacional, o qual se conhece desde o fim da Guerra Fria. Para compreender essa situacao sao comparados, China e Estados Unidos, em termos de: territorio; populacao; exercito; industria cultural; universidades; organizacoes nao governamentais; e soft power. Apesar da surpreendente taxa de crescimento chinesa, argumenta-se que a China ainda enfrenta problemas como um interior subdesenvolvido e a rapida urbanizacao. Ademais, para os Estados Unidos talvez, em um futuro proximo, seja dificil a missao de conter o avanco de poder dos paises emergentes. Embora, seja claro que a China e os EUA sao, em termos de comercio, interdependentes. Conclui-se que este processo, no final, pode causar uma mudanca positiva, podendo trazer beneficios para todos os paises e o balanco de poder e essencial para o sucesso ou ruina da relacao entre os paises ocidental e asiatico. Palavras-Chave: Relacoes China-Estados Unidos; Poder economico; Balanco de Poder. DOI: 10.20424/2237-7743/bjir.v4n1p7-20
Micro-electro-mechanical charge sensing devices

Plasmas are being widely used in the semiconductor industry for delineation of fine line pattern and deposition at low temperature. In recent years, it has been reported that plasma non uniformity across the wafer due to non-uniformities in RF current flow, electron current flow, and ion current flow can cause significant charging of surfaces, which can severely degrade or destroy devices, especially MOS gate dielectrics. In this work we report for the first time, a device which can non-invasively measure this charging in-situ, in real time, in the plasma reactor, as opposed to the conventional method of inferring the charge from later measurement of device degradation. The charging is measured in-situ by measuring the deflection of micro-cantilevers.
Modulation of nuclear factor-κB by human T cell leukemia virus type 1 tax protein: Implications for oncogenesis and inflammation

Activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ϰB) transcription factor family by different stimuli, such as inflammatory cytokines, stress inducers, or pathogens, results in innate and adaptive immunity. While the main function of NF-ϰB is to promote the host's immune response, the NF-ϰB pathway is frequently dysregulated by invading viral pathogens. Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of a fatal malignancy known as adult T cell leukemia (ATL) and an inflammatory disease named tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). HTLV-1 encodes an oncoprotein, Tax, which plays a significant role in the initiation of cellular transformation and the elicitation of the host's inflammatory responses. Here, we review current thinking on how Tax may affect both diseases through activation of NF-ϰB signaling.
Excitation-contraction coupling in rat myocardium: alterations with long term ethanol consumption.

The mechanical and electrical effects of chronic ethanol consumption were studied in rats maintained on 40% ethanol and water solution (40% of caloric intake) for a 30 week period and in controls. Left ventricular papillary muscles from male Wistar rats were studied by myography at 30°C, 0.1 Hz stimulation, and external calcium concentration of 2.4 mmol·litre−1. No significant difference was found between alcoholic and control rats with regard to resting tension. Developed tension, time to peak tension, time to one half relaxation, and time to peak shortening were, however, significantly decreased in preparations from the study animals. Velocity of shortening and relengthening at all relative loads studied were depressed in alcoholic preparations. No significant difference was found in action potential between the two groups with regard to resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, overshoot, or maximum rate of rise of the upstroke. In contrast, the duration at 50% (APD50) and 75% (APD75) of total repolarization was significantly shorter for action potential in the alcoholic group than in the controls. Thus chronic ethanol ingestion results in an inability to develop normal levels of force, depressed force-velocity relation, and shortening of action potential duration.
A new representation for quantum mechanics

Abstract A mixed representation is proposed in which momentum directions, energy fractions, and a position projection of all the particles, are specified. It is based on the Radon transform if the number of particles is odd, and on a generalized Euler transform if it is even.
The relationship of psychosocial factors to total mortality among older Japanese-American men: the Honolulu Heart Program.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the predictive value of psychosocial factors as risk factors for all-cause mortality. DESIGN: A community-based longitudinal cohort study: The Honolulu Heart Program. SETTING: Population-based study conducted in Oahu, Hawaii. PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand four hundred and ninety-seven men age 71 to 93 were examined and followed prospectively for all-cause mortality for an average of 6 years. MEASUREMENTS: Psychosocial data were obtained using the Lubben Social Networks Scale (LSNS). The LSNS consists of 10 items—family relationships (three items), relationships with friends (three items), and interdependent social supports and living arrangements (four items). We divided the LSNS score into quartiles for comparison, with the first quartile representing the lowest social support and the fourth quartile representing the highest social support. RESULTS: A significant dose-response relationship was noted with LSNS score and total mortality: 33.8% in the first quartile died over the follow-up period, 23.4% in the second, 18% in the third, and 15.7% in the fourth (P < .001). Six-year age-adjusted mortality rates were 66.2, 45.7, 37.8, and 33.7 per 1,000 person years in the first, second, third, and fourth, respectively (P < .001). Using age-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, with the first quartile of LSNS as the reference group, relative risk for mortality was 0.69 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.58–0.82), 0.57 (95% CI = 0.47–0.70), and 0.52 (95% CI = 0.43–0.64) in the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. Cox models were repeated, controlling for age and smoking status, and low LSNS scores remained significantly associated with higher mortality (P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that social networks were significantly independently associated with 6-year all-cause mortality in this cohort of older Japanese-American men. Social interventions in old age may reduce early mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 49:725–731, 2001.
Space Maintenance for Children

warning to terminate the stroke. The few light incidental contacts found during chewing seem to be the part of the stroke that “ overshot the mark.” The evidence strongly suggests that centric occlusion is the only tooth contact of any significance that occurs during stomatognathic function. Evidence of ec­ centric tooth balance during eating was not found. There was no evidence that balance of teeth in eccentric positions is a physiologic necessity, or that lack of eccentric balance is less conducive to masticatory function.17 The voluminous literature on occlusion furnishes little ex­ perimental evidence on this question.
Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disease of an aging population and its etiology is still unknown. In vivo models are attempts to capture as many of the hallmarks of PD as possible. To this end, a number of animal models are in use. These models parallel our thinking about the etiology of PD. Thus, herein, we discuss the most popular neurotoxin animal models, 6-hydroxydopamine and MPTP as one school of thought believes that PD is the result of a toxic insult. Since several researchers think that pesticide and herbicide use can increase the risk of developing PD, we review some of the aspects of rotenone and paraquat in rodents. Furthermore, now that we know that 10% of all PD cases are genetic in nature, we discuss some of the more common genetic rodent models of PD. None of the above models captures all of the hallmarks of PD. Thus, a given model should never be used indiscriminately to investigate every question, but should instead be carefully selected on the basis of being the most suitable model for the question being asked.
Post-translational heme insertion into NOS and related enzymes

Heme proteins function in biological electron transfer, substrate oxidation, and small molecule transport or detection. While heme biosynthesis is well-studied, much less is known about heme transport in mammalian cells, how heme becomes inserted into soluble apo-protein targets, and how these processes may be regulated. We recently found that biological amounts of nitric oxide (NO) can inhibit heme insertion into a variety of hemeproteins in mammalian cells [1] . We utilized this finding to investigate mechanisms of heme insertion and regulation, primarily using cell culture methods and initially focusing on NO synthase (NOS) as a model target. The talk will (i) present evidence that NO can act as a general regulator of cellular heme insertion, (ii) establish the involvement of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) [2] , heat shock protein-90 (hsp90) [3] , and thioredoxin-1 [4] in enabling or regulating heme insertion into apo-NOS and/or other apo-hemeproteins, and (iii) discuss the potential mechanisms of NO, GAPDH, hsp90, and Trx1 actions in this context.
Magnetic and electrical properties of UCu2Ge2

Abstract We report magnetization and resistance measurements on the intermetallic alloy UCu2Ge2. Two magnetic transitions are shown, a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic one at 110 K followed at 65 K by a transition to an antiferromagnetic state. The moment per U atom was found to be 2.65 ± 0.05μB in the paramagnetic regime. We interpret the existence of two of the temperature magnetic phases in terms of competing interactions, which can be described simply by an ANNNI model.
The formation of an apatite coating on carboxylated polyphosphazenes via a biomimetic process

Abstract The biomimetic deposition of an apatite coating on polyphosphazene was investigated. A polyphosphazene having carboxylatophenoxy side groups was synthesized as a candidate polymer with heterogeneous nucleation sites for apatite deposition. Poly[bis(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] (PCPP) was synthesized by a two-step synthetic route involving the synthesis of poly(dichlorophosphazene) (PDP) followed by nucleophilic replacement of the chlorine atoms of PDP with carboxylatophenoxy groups. The surface of the carboxylated polyphosphazene induced the formation of a dense layer of apatite on the surface after incubation in simulated body fluid at 37 °C with an ionic concentration approximately the same as that of human blood plasma. The results suggested an early precipitation of octacalcium phosphate and calcium phosphate intermediates on the surface, both of which are known to promote osteoblast differentiation and proliferation.
RNA aptamer probes as optical imaging agents for the detection of amyloid plaques.

Optical imaging using multiphoton microscopy and whole body near infrared imaging has become a routine part of biomedical research. However, optical imaging methods rely on the availability of either small molecule reporters or genetically encoded fluorescent proteins, which are challenging and time consuming to develop. While directly labeled antibodies can also be used as imaging agents, antibodies are species specific, can typically not be tagged with multiple fluorescent reporters without interfering with target binding, and are bioactive, almost always eliciting a biological response and thereby influencing the process that is being studied. We examined the possibility of developing highly specific and sensitive optical imaging agents using aptamer technology. We developed a fluorescently tagged anti-Aβ RNA aptamer, β55, which binds amyloid plaques in both ex vivo human Alzheimer’s disease brain tissue and in vivo APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Diffuse β55 positive halos, attributed to oligomeric Aβ, were observed surrounding the methoxy-XO4 positive plaque cores. Dot blots of synthetic Aβ aggregates provide further evidence that β55 binds both fibrillar and non-fibrillar Aβ. The high binding affinity, the ease of probe development, and the ability to incorporate multiple and multimodal imaging reporters suggest that RNA aptamers may have complementary and perhaps advantageous properties compared to conventional optical imaging probes and reporters.
Change in electrophoretic mobility of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase with aging of erythrocytes.

Extract: Electrophoretic properties of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were studied in mother-infant pairs and in young and old erythrocytes of adults. G6PD isoenzymes of erythrocytes of newborn infants migrated at rates 3–4% faster than the corresponding isoenzymes of maternal erythrocytes. Analysis of hemolysates of young and old erythrocytes of adults revealed that G6PD of young cells also moved about 3% faster than that of old cells. In contrast, active enzyme sedimentation analysis revealed that the G6PD enzyme proteins of old and young erythrocytes of adults, of newborns, and of their mothers sedimented with essentially identical rates (S20,w = 6.8). Migration in gels of different acrylamide concentrations and velocity sedimentation analysis indicated that the G6PD of old and of young erythrocytes was in the same state of aggregation. Extensive equilibration of the hemolysates with nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) by filtration through Sephadex G-25 induced a clear increase in the migration rate of the G6PD of old cells of adults and of mothers at term to the rate characteristic of the enzyme of neonates and of young cells of adults. Experiments in which NADP was labeled with 14C indicated that, in the process of gel nitration, the NADP content of the aged G6PD was restored. Thus the rate of migration of G6PD in acrylamide gel seems to be a function of the amount of NADP bound.
Mechanical properties of polymers at cryogenic temperatures: relationships between relaxation, yield and fracture processes☆

Abstract Semi-crystalline as well as amorphous polymers generally develop some measure of molecular mobility at temperatures well below their melting temperature, Tm, or their glass transition temperature, Tg. In these polymers, one or more damping or internal friction peaks are usually found to occur in the low temperature region from 4K to 300K. The magnitude and temperature position of these maxima are dependent upon the structure of the polymer, its mode of preparation and past history, and the local environment of the moving units. Various examples are given of polymers that show significant low temperature relaxation processes, and the influence of chemical structure, structural substitution, crystallinity and low molecular weight diluents is illustrated. The extent to which relaxation behaviour can be correlated to macroscopic ductility and fracture toughness is also discussed.
Salvage therapy for radiorecurrent prostate cancer.

Locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy, also known as radiorecurrent prostate cancer, has an unfavorable prognosis. Two-thirds of patients with radiorecurrent prostate cancer have an advanced pathological disease status by the time they undergo salvage therapy. Several salvage therapies for radiorecurrent prostate cancer are available. Salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP) and salvage cryoablation are the most feasible and effective therapies for radiorecurrent prostate cancer. Although SRP is technically more difficult and has a higher complication rate than do other salvage therapies, the procedure provides a long-term survival benefit. Preliminary studies of salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (SRARP) suggest that SRARP may be similar to or at least as effective as SRP. The intermediate oncological efficacy and morbidity of salvage cryoablation are similar to those of SRP. Prognostic factors for successful salvage therapy include serum prostate-specific antigen level ≤10 ng/mL, Gleason score ≤8, and a clinical disease stage T1c or T2. Assessing the comparative oncological efficacy and complications of the available salvage therapies for radiorecurrent prostate cancer requires strict guidelines, including universal patient selection criteria and an intergrade definition of biochemical failure.
Gender ratio of Dupuytren's disease in the modern U.S. population.

Epidemiological studies conducted largely in northern Europe and Australia have shown that Dupuytren’s disease is less common in women, with reported overall male-to-female ratios ranging from 3:1 to 9.5:1. Epidemiological data from other countries cannot be extrapolated to the modern U.S. population due to genetic and environmental differences between populations. The aim of this study was to determine the gender ratio in Dupuytren’s disease in the Boston, MA area. We conducted a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with Dupuytren’s disease at two large academic hospitals in Boston, MA between the years January 1995 and July 2006. To minimize variability introduced by clinical diagnosis, we also used internal billing records to identify a subset of patients who received fasciectomies for Dupuytren’s disease during this period. A total of 1,815 patients (1,150 men, 665 women) were identified at our institutions with a clinical diagnosis of Dupuytren’s disease, giving an overall male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1. Of these, 234 patients (176 men, 58 women) received fasciectomies performed by the two senior authors, resulting in a male-to-female ratio of 3.0:1. The male-to-female ratio for patients younger than 54 years of age was 4.0:1, and the ratio approached 1:1 with increasing age. The male-to-female ratio observed in our patient population was lower than those previously reported in the literature, particularly for patients younger than 54 years of age. This study indicates that large-scale epidemiological studies are needed to accurately report Dupuytren’s disease in the modern U.S. population.
Parietal foramina are not synonymous with giant parietal foramina.

Introduction: Enlarged parietal foramina have historically been described as merely the normal parietal foramina (which usually transmit emissary veins connecting the occipital vein
Effect of synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on prolactin secretion from clonal pituitary cells.

Abstract The influence of LHRH, an analog of LHRH (hydroxy-PRO1) and inulin on prolactin (PRL) secretion was studied using a clonal strain of pituitary cells. At low concentrations, 0.08 ng to 8 ng/ml, LHRH stimulated PRL release while at higher concentrations the opposite effect was obtained. The analog of LHRH inhibited PRL secretion at all concentrations studied. No effect was measured with inulin.
Space view issues for hyperspectral sounders

The expectation for climate quality measurements from hyperspectral sounders is absolute calibration accuracy at the 100 mK level and stability at the < 40 mK/decade level. The Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS)1, Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) hyperspectral sounders currently in orbit have been shown to agree well over most of their brightness temperature range. Some larger discrepancies are seen, however, at the coldest scene temperatures, such as those seen in Antarctic winter and deep convective clouds. A key limiting factor for the calibrated scene radiance accuracy for cold scenes is how well the effective radiance of the cold space view pertains to the scene views. The space view signal is composed of external sources and instrument thermal emission at about 270 K from the scan mirror, external baffles, etc. Any difference in any of these contributions between space views and scene views will impact the absolute calibration accuracy, and the impact can be critical for cold scenes. Any change over time in these will show up as an apparent trend in calibrated radiances. We use AIRS data to investigate the validity of the space view assumption in view of the 100 mK accuracy and 40 mK/decade trend expectations. We show that the space views used for the cold calibration point for AIRS v5 Level-1B products meet these standards except under special circumstances and that AIRS v6 Level-1B products will meet them under all circumstances. This analysis also shows the value of having multiple distinct space views to give operational redundancy and analytic data, and that reaching climate quality requires continuing monitoring of aging instruments and adjustment of calibration.
Feminae Populi: Popular Images of Women in Medieval Literature

Maureen Fries's essay, although not about witches, expands upon Elizabeth Tucker's paper. The duality of women i n the literature examined by Fries show them to be virgin or whore: the woman saint is a model of such desirable qualities as chastity, obedience, and fortitude, while the fabliau woman uses her sexuality for fun and for profit. The literature, in both instances, depicts male values in a male world. Ultimately, the popular image of women can be distilled into the roles of Mary, wholly above feminine weakness, and Eve, who represents theopposite. Possibly the only “mixed” image is that of the Magdalene, who recalls the fallen Eve, but who also is transformed into the virtuous woman. The Lack of flexibility, not noted elsewhere in medieval literature, in the perception of medieval women suggests that we need to know more about the society of the Middle Ages and women's place in it.
Fashioning Heritage: Regional Costume and Tourism in Brittany, 1890–1937

This article analyzes the conversion of peasant cultures into patrimony and "heritage" in early twentieth century France. It recounts more particularly how a seeming retreat from the wearing of traditional regional costume by the population of France's westernmost region of Brittany prompted new initiatives by regionalist and tourist advocates to safeguard it. In seeking to make Breton costume a part of a preserved and consumable cultural inheritance, the article shows, these largely bourgeois actors asserted a more decisive stewardship over the value and historical evolution of Breton culture. Yet in endeavoring to preserve and revalue an ostensibly popular cultural expression like Breton costume, this campaign introduced new forms of mediation and stirred vexing questions of cultural identity and authenticity. The most striking evidence of this shift was the genesis of new Breton cultural festivals, at which costume came to be mediated through gestures of display, promotion and performance. The article's interdisciplinary reading of these "new-traditional" events suggests that they ultimately made costume a more fluid medium of exchange—one through which Bretons and non-Bretons alike could symbolically enact their conflicted experiences of cultural continuity and change.
READING DYNAMICS IN MAGNETIC SUPER RESOLUTION MEDIA

Reading dynamics in front aperture detection (FAD) and center aperture detection (CAD) magnetic super resolution (MSR) media is studied using a high speed Kerr microscope system with 10-ns resolution. The effects of disk structure and reading conditions on the reading dynamics are investigated. Readout of 0.2 micron domains is successfully demonstrated using 488 nm wavelength light on CAD MSR media.
Gastric emptying of enterally administered liquid meal in conscious rats and during sustained anaesthesia.

Background Gastric motility studies are frequently conducted with anaesthetized animal models. Some studies on the same animal species have reported differences in vagal control of the stomach that could not be explained solely by slightly different experimental conditions. A possible limitation in the comparison between similar studies relates to the use of different anaesthetic agents. Furthermore, anaesthetic effects may also limit generalizations between mechanistic studies of gastric function and the gastric function of conscious animals. In the present study, we used the [13C]-breath test following a liquid mixed-nutrient test meal (Ensure®, 1 ml) with the aim to investigate the rate of gastric emptying in animals that were either conscious or anaesthetized with either Inactin® or urethane. Methods One week after determining the maximum 13CO2 concentration, time to peak [13C] recovery and gastric half emptying time in control, conscious rats, we repeated the experiment in the same rats anaesthetized with Inactin® or urethane. Key Results Our data show that Inactin® anaesthesia prolonged the time to peak [13C] recovery but did not significantly reduce the maximum 13CO2 concentration nor delay gastric half emptying time. Conversely, urethane anaesthesia resulted in a significant slowing of all parameters of gastric emptying as measured by the maximum 13CO2 concentration, time to peak [13C] recovery and half emptying time. Conclusions & Inferences Our data indicate that Inactin® anaesthesia does not significantly affect gastric emptying while urethane anaesthesia profoundly impairs gastric emptying. We suggest that Inactin®, not urethane, is the more suitable anaesthetic for gastrointestinal research.
Understanding Abrupt Wing Stall with Computational Fluid Dynamics.

We describe the computational-fluid-dynamics efforts and lessons learned during the four-year Abrupt Wing Stall national research program. The paper details the complex nature of the transonic flows encountered by modern U.S. fighter and attack aircraft during transonic maneuvering conditions. Topics include grid resolution, computational memory and processor requirements, turbulence modeling, steady and unsteady calculations, and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solutions compared with detached-eddy simulations for this highly complex, viscously dominated, shock-induced, massively separated class of flow. Examples include results obtained for F/A-18C, AV-8B, preproduction F/A-18E, and F-16C aircraft undergoing transonic maneuvering conditions. Various flap settings have been modeled and the computational results compared with extensive wind-tunnel data
Parent and child experiences of neuropsychological assessment as a function of child feedback by individualized fable.

This study evaluated whether receiving developmentally appropriate feedback in the form of individualized fables would affect how children and their parents reported experiencing a neuropsychological assessment. Participants were 32 children who underwent a neuropsychological assessment, along with one of their parents. The evaluation process, including the provision of parent feedback, was standard for the setting, a private practice of neuropsychology. The only addition was the provision of child feedback through a fable, given to the experimental group prior to the collection of research measures and to the comparison group after the collection of research data. Multivariate and univariate statistics were used to test differences between the two groups. Results indicated that children in the experimental group reported a greater sense of learning about themselves, a more positive relationship with their assessor, a greater sense of collaboration with the assessment process, and a sense that their paren...
Thermodynamics of solution of some inner complex salts

Abstract The solubilities of chromium(III) acetylacetonate, uranyl acetylacetonate monohydrate, and the uranyl oxinate complex containing an additional molecule of oxine have been determined in several solvents over a range of temperatures. These solutions appear to conform approximately to Hildebrand's criteria for regular solutions. The solubility parameters of these complexes have been evaluated, and the thermodynamic functions for the solution processes have been calculated. The constancy of the solubility parameters toward various solvents suggests the possibility of prediction of the solubilities of these materials in non-polar solvents. The molal volumes of solutions of some highly symmetrical octahedral complexes in benzene are found to be represented very accurately by a linear equation in terms of mole fraction. The prediction of solubility parameters from the structural features of the inner complex salts is possible by the extension of Small's procedure for organic compounds.
Theory of combustion noise

Abstract A unified theory of noise generation and amplification by turbulent combustion of premixed fuel and liquid fuel droplets, has been developed within the framework of the fluid mechanics of the reacting gas. The overall sound generation processes have been classified in terms of the sound due to an isolated turbulent flame and that due to the interaction of a flame with its environment in a typical combustor. The analysis has been focused on, (i) the far field noise characteristics, and (ii) the mechanism of sound generation, dispersion, and transmission in the vicinity of an open flame. The acoustic intensity generated by a turbulent premixed flame is found to be a function of the relevant aerothermochemical parameters and the flame structural factor, expressed in terms of six double correlation functions characterizing the flame structure. Explicit expressions for the sound intensities are obtained based on a wrinkled flame model and a distributed reaction model. Noise generated by liquid droplets are classified in terms of intrinsic and turbulent driven noise components. Analysis of ducted combustion systems reveals that resonant oscillations occur with resulting noise intensities far greater than from the corresponding open flame. Calculated sound intensity spectra are in good agreement with experimental data.
Escherichia coli B 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine cobalamin methyltransferase: Circular dichroism of the methylated and propylated holoenzymes

Abstract Solutions (35 μ m ) of [14C] methylcobalamin (MeB12) enzyme and propylcobalamin (PrB12) enzyme were prepared in 0.1 m phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Their circular dichroism (CD) spectra were taken over the wavelength region from 310–650 nm and compared to the CD spectra given by the corresponding alkylcobalamins and alkylcobinamides. Although an exact match-up with one of the free alkylcorrinoids was not found, the CD spectrum of the [14C]MeB12 enzyme most closely resembled that of free, base-on MeB12 at pH 7.4. No evidence for a base-off MeB12-histidine complex on the enzyme was obtained. In contrast, the CD spectrum of the PrB12 enzyme was strongly indicative of PrB12 with its base predominantly off. Upon testing various solvents, it was observed that in benzyl alcohol-ethanol (9:1) the CD spectra of both free MeB12 and PrB12 were altered to mimic more closely those of the [14C]MeB12 and PrB12 enzymes, respectively. In this solvent mixture, free PrB12 also displayed a base-off type of absorption spectrum.
The excitation of the heart and its modification under the influence of the chemical mediators and the cardiac nerves: II. A particular case of the one-factor theory

Previous work (Macey, 1952) in the application of the one-factor theory to the heart is extended. The rate of production of the excitatory state is assumed to be linear. Two possible mechanisms are indicated whereby such a situation might arise. Assumptions are made regarding the mode of action of the chemical mediators on the heart, and an equation is derived relating the heart rate to the frequency of nerve impulses traveling along the cardiac nerves. This result compares favorably with the experimental findings of A. Rosenblueth and F. A. Simeone (1934). Other experimental results are interpreted in terms of the theory.
Usable Security: History, Themes, and Challenges

There has been roughly 15 years of research into approaches for aligning research in Human Computer Interaction with computer Security, more colloquially known as ``usable security.'' Although usability and security were once thought to be inherently antagonistic, today there is wide consensus that systems that are not usable will inevitably suffer security failures when they are deployed into the real world. Only by simultaneously addressing both usability and security concerns will we be able to build systems that are truly secure. This book presents the historical context of the work to date on usable security and privacy, creates a taxonomy for organizing that work, outlines current research objectives, presents lessons learned, and makes suggestions for future research. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / Figure Credits / Introduction / A Brief History of Usable Privacy and Security Research / Major Themes in UPS Academic Research / Lessons Learned / Research Challenges / Conclusion: The Next Ten Years / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies
On the Sternfeld-Levin counterexamples to a conjecture of Chogoshvili-Pontrjagin

Abstract An inconclusive proof in a 1937 paper by G. Chogoshvili spawned an interesting dimensiontheoretic conjecture which we call the Chogoshvili-Pontrjagin Conjecture. In 1991, Y. Sternfeld found an ingenious counterexample to this conjecture which he and M. Levin greatly generalized in 1995. In this note we point out a previously unobserved property of the Sternfeld-Levin examples, and we reinterpret their significance in light of this property. Also, we present a version of the Levin-Sternfeld proof which is more “topological” and less “lattice-theoretic” than the original.
Direct decomposition of m(λ) matrices for hamiltonian systems

The 2nd dimensional linear matrix Hamiltonian system has square integrable solutions given by , where γ is a fundamental matrix, provided M lies on a surface in complex space. If n=1, the surface is well known. It is a circle or a point. When n>1, the nature of the surface is relatively unknown. We show that the surface consists of the intersection of 2n (possibly degenerate)ellipsoidal cylinders. When n=1, in fact, the circle, mentioned above is actually the extremal of a one demensional ellipse in complex space.
Evaluation of the permeability and blood‐compatibility properties of membranes formed by physical interpenetration of chitosan with PEO/PPO/PEO triblock copolymers

In order to develop blood compatible membranes with controlled porosity, we have fabricated and examined the properties of physical interpenetrating network (PIN) of chitosan and poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO/PPO/PEO) triblock copolymers (Pluronics®). Degree of equilibrium swelling, scanning electron microscopy, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) were used to characterize the bulk and surface properties. Vitamin B12 and human serum albumin were used as permeability markers. Platelet adhesion and activation were used to determine the blood-interaction properties of the PIN membranes. Unlike chitosan membranes that were nonporous, the chitosan-Pluronic PIN membranes were highly porous with the pore size, depending on the type of incorporated Pluronic polyol. ESCA results showed a significant increase in the CO signal of C1s spectra on the PIN membranes that correlates with the presence of PEO chains on the surface. The permeability coefficients of vitamin B12 and albumin were higher in the chitosan-Pluronic PIN membranes than in the control. The number of adherent platelets and the extent of activation were significantly reduced on the chitosan-Pluronic PIN membranes. The decrease in platelet adhesion and activation correlated positively with the PEO chain length of the incorporated Pluronic polyols. The results of this study show that chitosan-Pluronic PIN membranes offer a blood-compatible alternative with a higher-molecular-weight cutoff for use in hemodialysis and related applications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1274–1284, 2001
Observations on primitive, normal, and subnormal elements of field extensions

Let B1 and B2 be disjoint separable algebraic extensions of a field F, and let B = B1B2 be their composite. Let α1 be an element of B1 and α2 be an element of B2. Suppose α1 and α2 are primitive (resp. normal, resp. subnormal). We investigate the question of when α1 + α2 and α1α2 are necessarily primitive (resp. normal, resp. subnormal) elements of B. (A normal element of a Galois extension is defined to be one that is part of a normal basis, and a subnormal element is defined analogously for a non-Galois extension).
Relationship between bleeding time test and postextraction bleeding in a healthy control population

Abstract Objective. We sought to determine whether cutaneous bleeding time (BT) is related to bleeding outcome measures after a single tooth extraction. Study Design. This was a prospective clinical pilot study of 30 subjects. Cutaneous BT was evaluated before a single tooth extraction. After extraction, an oral BT was determined. Subjects were contacted 3 to 7 hours and 2 days after extraction to assess further postoperative bleeding. Results. The mean cutaneous BT was 5.9 minutes (range 1.5-10.0 minutes). The mean oral BT was 7.5 minutes (range 0-20 minutes). Cutaneous BT did not correlate with oral BT or any of our measures of postoperative bleeding. However, the oral BT correlated with the number of hours of bleeding after surgery ( R s = 0.54, P =.03). The time necessary to perform the extraction correlated with the extraction site bleeding 3 to 7 hours after surgery ( R s = 0.67, P =.0006). Conclusion. Cutaneous BT did not correlate with measures of postoperative bleeding in the present study, but oral BT immediately after extraction correlated with the duration of subsequent postoperative bleeding. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002;94:439-43)
5-HT-and norepinephrine-induced release of ACh from the thalamus and mesencephalon of the monkey during thermoregulation.

Abstract In the unanesthetized pigtailed monkey ( Macaca nemestrina ), trained to sit in a primate chair, the body temperature was monitored from the brain and colon. After an array of guide tubes had been implanted stereotaxically, isolated sites within the thalamus and mesencephalon were perfused by means of a push-pull cannula system. The perfusate was an artificial CSF containing 1.0 μg/ml of the anticholinesterase, neostigmine; each sample of effluent was assayed for the content of acetylcholine (ACh) on the eserinized guinea pig ileum. The micro-injection of 5-HT and norepinephrine into the monkey's hypothalamus in doses of 2.5–10.0 μg evoked a rise or fall in body temperature, respectively. In addition, these amines caused a concurrent change in the release of ACh at perfusion loci in both thalamus and mesencephalon. A composite anatomical mapping of the active releasing sites revealed that the output of ACh was elevated at 19 of 36 sites during the 5-HT-induced hyperthermia. The region of maximum sensitivity to 5-HT in terms of the percent change in ACh output at thalamic and mesencephalic sites was the rostral hypothalamus. These results provide further support for a neurochemical model of thermoregulation which postulates that 5-HT activates a cholinergic pathway originating in the hypothalamus which transmits the efferent signals for heat production.