cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biasing topological charge injection in topological matter

We explore the interplay between topologies in the momentum and real spaces to formulate a thermodynamic description of nonequilibrium injection of topological charges under external bias. We show that the edge modes engendered by the momentum-space topology can play a functional role of connecting the external reservoirs to the bulk transport of topological charges in the real space. We illustrate our general results with two examples: the spin-torque injection of skyrmions in an electrically biased integer quantum Hall system, and the vortex injection in a topological $p+i\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}p$ superconductor coupled to heat reservoirs. Based on the universal fractional entropy of the Majorana zero modes bound to the vortices, their controllable injection proposed in this work could provide a route for creating and manipulating Majorana fermions.
Properties of the multiorbital Hubbard models for the iron-based superconductors

A brief review of the main properties of multiorbital Hubbard models for the Fe-based superconductors is presented. The emphasis is on the results obtained by our group at the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA, but results by several other groups are also discussed. The models studied here have two, three, and five orbitals, and they are analyzed using a variety of computational and mean-field approximations. A “physical region” where the properties of the models are in qualitative agreement with neutron scattering, photoemission, and transport results is revealed. A variety of interesting open questions are briefly discussed such as: what are the dominant pairing tendencies in Hubbard models? Can pairing occur in an interorbital channel? Are nesting effects of fundamental relevance in the pnictides or approaches based on local moments are more important? What kind of magnetic states are found in the presence of iron vacancies? Can charge stripes exist in iron-based superconductors? Why is transport in the pnictides anisotropic? The discussion of results includes the description of these and other open problems in this fascinating area of research.
Prognostic Impact of Mismatch Repair Deficiency in High- and Low-Intermediate Risk, Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer Following Vaginal Brachytherapy.

Purpose/Objective(s) Mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) is found in approximately 25% of endometrial cancers (EC), yet it remains unknown how this information should be incorporated into adjuvant treatment paradigms. Ongoing trials are investigating the potential use of immunotherapy in conjunction with radiotherapy for the adjuvant treatment of dMMR patients with high-intermediate risk (HIR) features. We hypothesized that dMMR status is associated with higher rates of recurrence in both low-intermediate risk (LIR) and HIR subgroups. We examined the impact of dMMR status on prognosis among patients with early-stage endometrioid EC treated with vaginal brachytherapy (VB). Materials/Methods We performed a retrospective review of 198 patients who were treated with adjuvant VB for FIGO stage I or II endometrioid EC and had known MMR status. Both LIR and HIR patients (per GOG 249 criteria) were included. Patients with non-endometrioid and mixed histologies and patients treated with pelvic radiotherapy were excluded. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were compared between patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) and dMMR using c2 tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables. Recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier estimates, the log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Patients with dMMR compared to pMMR were more likely to have grade 2-3 tumors (75% vs. 57%, P = 0.012), lympho-vascular invasion (40% vs. 25%, P = 0.023), and HIR classification (65% vs. 49%, P = 0.038). There were no other differences in clinicopathologic or treatment characteristics. Median follow-up time for dMMR and pMMR patients was 37.5 and 37 months, respectively. Three-year RFS was inferior for dMMR compared to pMMR patients (75% vs. 96%, P = 0.001). dMMR patients compared to pMMR had similarly reduced 3-year RFS both within the LIR (74% vs. 100%, P = 0.026) and HIR (75% vs. 91%, P = 0.038) subgroups. Three-year OS was excellent across all categories and was not different between dMMR/pMMR patients (98% vs. 97%, P = 0.653) or HIR/LIR patients (97% vs. 97%, P = 0.999). On multivariable Cox regression, dMMR status was the only significant prognostic variable for RFS (HR 3.774, CI 1.495-9.526, P = 0.005), though it was not significant for OS. While failures were more likely in the dMMR cohort, salvage rates were high, and treatment included surgery (29.4%), pelvic RT (41.2%), chemotherapy (70.6%), and immunotherapy (47.1%). Conclusion Following VB, patients with dMMR have poorer RFS compared to pMMR patients regardless of HIR/LIR risk classification. Increased monitoring for early salvage intervention and/or expansion of eligibility to clinical trials incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors should be considered for both HIR and LIR patients with dMMR.
From Point Vortices to Vortex Patches in Self-Similar Expanding Configurations

The main result is that given a self-similarly expanding configuration of 3 point vortices that start sufficiently far out, we can instead take compactly supported vorticity functions, and the resulting solution to 2D incompressible Euler will evolve like a nearby point vortex configuration for all time, with the size of the patches growing at most as $$t^{1/4+\epsilon }$$ and the distance between them growing as $$\sqrt{t}$$ .
THE MORSE-NOVIKOV NUMBER OF KNOTS UNDER CONNECTED SUM AND CABLING.

We show the Morse-Novikov number of knots in $S^3$ is additive under connected sum and unchanged by cabling.
Unitary coupled-cluster based self-consistent polarization propagator theory: A quadratic unitary coupled-cluster singles and doubles scheme.

The development of a quadratic unitary coupled-cluster singles and doubles (qUCCSD) based self-consistent polarization propagator method is reported. We present a simple strategy for truncating the commutator expansion of the unitary version of coupled-cluster transformed Hamiltonian H. The qUCCSD method for the electronic ground state includes up to double commutators for the amplitude equations and up to cubic commutators for the energy expression. The qUCCSD excited-state eigenvalue equations include up to double commutators for the singles–singles block of H, single commutators for the singles–doubles and doubles–singles blocks, and the bare Hamiltonian for the doubles–doubles block. Benchmark qUCCSD calculations of the ground-state properties and excitation energies for representative molecules demonstrate significant improvement of the accuracy and robustness over the previous UCC3 scheme derived using Moller–Plesset perturbation theory.
Federated Function as a Service for eScience

The function as a service paradigm aims to abstract the complexities of managing computing infrastructure for users. While adoption in industry has been swift, we have yet to see widespread adoption in academia. This is in part due to barriers such as the need to access large research data, diverse hardware requirements, monolithic code bases, and existing systems available to researchers. We describe funcX, a federated functionas-a-service platform that addresses important requirements for use of FaaS in research computing. We outline how funcX has been used in early science deployments.
Combinatorics of continuants of continued fractions with 3 limits

Abstract We give combinatorial descriptions of the terms occurring in continuants of general continued fractions that diverge to three limits. Equating this combinatorics with the usual combinatorial description due to Euler induces nontrivial identities. Special cases and applications to counting sequences are given.
Sparse Flows: Pruning Continuous-depth Models

Continuous deep learning architectures enable learning of flexible probabilistic models for predictive modeling as neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs), and for generative modeling as continuous normalizing flows. In this work, we design a framework to decipher the internal dynamics of these continuous depth models by pruning their network architectures. Our empirical results suggest that pruning improves generalization for neural ODEs in generative modeling. Moreover, pruning finds minimal and efficient neural ODE representations with up to 98\% less parameters compared to the original network, without loss of accuracy. Finally, we show that by applying pruning we can obtain insightful information about the design of better neural ODEs.We hope our results will invigorate further research into the performance-size trade-offs of modern continuous-depth models.
SOPE: Spectrum of Off-Policy Estimators

Many sequential decision making problems are high-stakes and require off-policy evaluation (OPE) of a new policy using historical data collected using some other policy. One of the most common OPE techniques that provides unbiased estimates is trajectory based importance sampling (IS). However, due to the high variance of trajectory IS estimates, importance sampling methods based on state-action visitation distributions (SIS) have recently been adopted. Unfortunately, while SIS often provides lower variance estimates for long horizons, estimating the state-action distribution ratios can be challenging and lead to biased estimates. In this paper, we present a new perspective on this bias-variance trade-off and show the existence of a spectrum of estimators whose endpoints are SIS and IS. Additionally, we also establish a spectrum for doubly-robust and weighted version of these estimators. We provide empirical evidence that estimators in this spectrum can be used to trade-off between the bias and variance of IS and SIS and can achieve lower mean-squared error than both IS and SIS.
Capitalism, laws, and the need for trustworthy institutions

This article responds to the question: "Capitalism: What has gone wrong, what needs to change and how to fix it" for a special volume on capitalism in Oxford Review of Economic Policy. Debates on capitalism get muddled by blind spots about essential institutions, particularly effective governments and legal systems that enable corporations to exist in their current form and markets to succeed at scale. Across regimes, incentives to maximize profits and power play key roles in determining outcomes, and all institutions are vulnerable to distortions from imbalances in control, information, and expertise. The key problems with capitalism today boil down to failed governance and confusions that obscure the issues and prevent beneficial changes. In recent decades, the forces of “free-market capitalism” have undermined and overwhelmed democratic institutions, leading to intertwined crises in both capitalism and democracy. Deception and the manipulation of beliefs often distort both markets and political systems. The financial system illustrates starkly how key institutions have failed society and how flawed narratives enable recklessness and bad rules to persist. Fixing capitalism must start with seeing the challenges for what they are. The devil is then in the details of improving transparency, norms, rules, and civic engagement so as to prevent the abuse of power and to create more trustworthy and less corruptible versions of capitalism.
My Manager Moved! Manager Mobility and Subordinates’ Career Outcomes

How do managers’ moves across jobs affect the subordinates they leave behind? Manager mobility disrupts established manager-subordinate relationships, as subordinates must now learn to work with a ...
Neural Tangent Kernel Maximum Mean Discrepancy

We present a novel neural network Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) statistic by identifying a connection between neural tangent kernel (NTK) and MMD statistic. This connection enables us to develop a computationally efficient and memory-efficient approach to compute the MMD statistic and perform neural network based two-sample tests towards addressing the long-standing challenge of memory and computational complexity of the MMD statistic, which is essential for online implementation to assimilate new samples. Theoretically, such a connection allows us to understand the properties of the new test statistic, such as Type-I error and testing power for performing the two-sample test, by leveraging analysis tools for kernel MMD. Numerical experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets validate the theory and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed NTK-MMD statistic.
Fast and Exact Convex Hull Simplification.

Given a point set $P$ in the plane, we seek a subset $Q\subseteq P$, whose convex hull gives a smaller and thus simpler representation of the convex hull of $P$. Specifically, let $cost(Q,P)$ denote the Hausdorff distance between the convex hulls $\mathcal{CH}(Q)$ and $\mathcal{CH}(P)$. Then given a value $\varepsilon>0$ we seek the smallest subset $Q\subseteq P$ such that $cost(Q,P)\leq \varepsilon$. We also consider the dual version, where given an integer $k$, we seek the subset $Q\subseteq P$ which minimizes $cost(Q,P)$, such that $|Q|\leq k$. For these problems, when $P$ is in convex position, we respectively give an $O(n\log^2 n)$ time algorithm and an $O(n\log^3 n)$ time algorithm, where the latter running time holds with high probability. When there is no restriction on $P$, we show the problem can be reduced to APSP in an unweighted directed graph, yielding an $O(n^{2.5302})$ time algorithm when minimizing $k$ and an $O(\min\{n^{2.5302}, kn^{2.376}\})$ time algorithm when minimizing $\varepsilon$, using prior results for APSP. Finally, we show our near linear algorithms for convex position give 2-approximations for the general case.
Novel esterase-sensitive cyclic prodrugs of a model hexapeptide having enhanced membrane permeability and enzymatic stability

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the development of two novel strategies for the preparation of esterase-sensitive cyclic prodrugs of linear peptides. A model hexapeptide (H-Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-OH) is used derived from delta-sleep-inducing peptide. Cyclic prodrugs are prepared by linking the N-terminal amino group to the C-terminal carboxyl group via an acyloxyalkoxy promoiety or via a 3-(2’-hydroxy-4’-6’-dimethylphenyl)-3, 3-dimethylpropionic acid promoiety. These cyclic prodrugs are designed to be susceptible to esterase metabolism leading to a cascade of chemical reactions and resulting in the generation of the linear peptide. To be effective, a prodrug should degrade chemically or enzymatically to the parent drug in vivo . Cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2 are designed to undergo esterase-mediated hydrolysis of the ester bond in the promoieties followed by two fast chemical degradation steps to release the linear hexapeptide. The stability of the two prodrugs is evaluated in various biological media having measurable esterase activities. Cyclic prodrugs exhibit improved peptidase stability and a greater ability to permeate cell membranes as compared to the parent peptide.
The Implications of Technological Advancement for Obviousness

This Article examines whether advances in technology can make an invention too obvious to deserve a patent. It focuses on two developments in technology with the most pervasive effect on cognition in recent decades: the availability of information in a searchable form and increased processing capabilities. The assumption has been that access to information and computing power will result in better understanding, improved creativity, or decreased uncertainty, when it in fact may not. I propose that courts and examiners, in assessing obviousness, look at whether persons of ordinary skill in the art actually appreciated the applicability of technological advances at the time in question. Those skilled in diverse technological fields often adopt advances to different degrees and at varying rates. Refocusing the obviousness determination on what actually happens helps guard against hindsight bias.
Transport of deoxycoformycin in human erythrocytes: measurement by adenosine deaminase titration and radioisotope assays

Abstract The assay of residual adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was used as a sensitive measure of the transport of deoxycoformycin (dCF) into human erythrocytes. Contrary to prior reports from this laboratory, the inactivation of intraerythrocytic ADA by dCF was linear rather than log-linear, with time. Linear inactivation rates were also seen when erythrocytes were preloaded with a 5-fold excess of calf intestinal ADA. The uptake of tritium-labeled dCF molecules and the rate of inactivation of ADA molecules showed an approximate 1:1 stoichiometry. The nucleoside transport inhibitors, 6-[(4-nitrobenzyl)thio]-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine (NBMPR) and dipyridamole, and the permeant, uridine, inhibited dCF transport with K i values of 35 nM, 45 nM, and 340 μM respectively. The affinity of dCF for the nucleoside transporter was low with a K i of approximately 10 mM for the inhibition of adenosine influx.
A dynamic task scheduling algorithm for battery powered DVS systems

Battery lifetime enhancement is a critical design parameter for mobile computing devices. Maximizing battery lifetime is a particularly difficult problem due to the non-linearity of the battery behavior and its dependence on the characteristics of the discharge profile. In this paper we address the problem of dynamic task scheduling with voltage scaling in a battery-powered DVS system. The objective is to maximize the residual charge and the battery voltage after the execution of tasks. We present here a two phase algorithm: in the first phase (off-line) a battery-aware algorithm schedules the tasks in a hyper-period assuming WCET. In the second phase (on-line), the algorithm reassigns the voltage levels based on the additional slack generated due to the AET being less than the WCET. Simulation with 10,000 random examples shows that the proposed algorithm does significantly better than the competitive low power real time scheduling algorithm. We extend this procedure to handle scheduling on multi-processor environments.
Short DNA Sequence Repeats

The human genome contains numerous segments of short, reiterated nucleotide sequences that are often located near or within transcriptional units. Despite extensive characterization of these DNA elements over three decades, no sequence-specific role has been firmly established. However, it has been recognized that expansions of certain trinucleotide repeat sequences are associated with several inherited human disorders. Keywords: DNA; human genetics; microsatellites; trinucleotide repeats; DNA repair
Assessing intrinsic and extrinsic end-of-life risk using functional SRAM wafer level testing

Extended 6 Transistors (6T) SRAM (Static Random-Access Memory) characterization is used to measure degradation while separating intrinsic from extrinsic yield and accounting for yield assessment challenges such as voltage drop and measurement variability. Separation of extrinsic yield pre- and post-stress reveals weak yield fixes and reduces HTOL (High Temperature Operating Life) failure risk.
Incidence of Invasive Bacterial Disease in Children with Fever and Petechiae

The records of 129 patients admitted to the hospital with the findings of fever and petechiae were reviewed to determine the incidence of invasive bacterial disease in patients with this symptom complex. Twenty-six patients (20.2%) had culture-proven bacterial infections; 13 (11.1%) of the group had Neisseria meningitidis, eight had Haemophilus influenzae type B. No single laboratory test was sufficiently sensitive to detect all patients with life-threatening bacterial infections, but a combination of normal laboratory findings was highly specific for those without significant disease.
Single particle dynamics and nonlinear resonances in circular accelerators

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to single particle dynamics in circular accelerators with an emphasis on nonlinear resonances. We begin with the Hamiltonian and the equations of motion in the neighborhood of the design orbit. In the linear theory this yields linear betatron oscillations about a closed orbit. It is useful then to introduce the action-angle variables of the linear problem. Next we discuss the nonlinear terms which are present in an actual accelerator, and in particular, we motivate the inclusion of sextupoles to cure chromatic effects. To study the effects of the nonlinear terms, we next discuss canonical perturbation theory which leads us to nonlinear resonances. After showing a few examples of perturbation theory, we abandon it when very close to a resonance. This leads to the study of an isolated resonance in one degree of freedom with a 'time'-dependent Hamiltonian. We see the familiar resonance structure in phase space which is simply closed islands when the nonlinear amplitude dependence of the frequency or 'tune' is included. To show the limits of the validity of the isolated resonance approximation, we discuss two criteria for the onset of chaotic motion. Finally, we study an isolatedmore » coupling resonance in two degrees of freedom with a 'time'-dependent Hamiltonian and calculate the two invariants in this case. This leads to a surface of section which is a 2-torus in 4-dimensional phase space. However, we show that it remains a 2-torus when projected into particular 3-dimensional subspaces, and thus can be viewed in perspective.« less
The Visible Hands of Hierarchy within the M‐Form: An Empirical Test of Corporate Parenting of Internal Product Exchanges*

In this paper, we dismiss the traditional contingency argument that corporate staff should have minimal involvement with the decisions that its divisions make, because predictability, which underlies this contingency logic, is erroneous for most large corporations at this time. We offer an alternative theory of corporate involvement for the M-form: under unpredictable environments greater interdependence of corporate staff with divisional operating decisions may be necessary to create value for the corporation. Since corporate staff cannot be involved in all divisional affairs, we empirically explore when corporate involvement is most likely. Building on transaction cost economics and the strategy literature, we reason that corporate staff may selectively involve itself in business level strategy and operating decisions when product characteristics signal threats to effective inter-divisional coordination as well as opportunities for value creation. To explore this topic, we surveyed corporate managers of Fortune 500 companies. The results suggest some initial support for our theoretical argument: corporate staff is more likely to involve itself in business-level decisions for uncertain products. We further find that when corporate staff is responsible for the capital investments used for the divisional venture, it is more likely to guide and influence product strategy decisions and inter-divisional conflicts. We do not find, however, consistent evidence that specialized assets or brand-name reputation trigger corporate involvement. Implications and limitations are further discussed.
Multiple Energy Transfer Dynamics in Blended Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles

Energy transfer dynamics in blended conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) were investigated in order to further our understanding of photoswitching and anomalous saturation behavior we previously observed, and as a way to probe the complex energy transport processes occurring in similar systems of interest such as nanostructured bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices. We prepared blended poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-{2,1′,3}-thiadiazole)] (PFBT)/poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) nanoparticles with varying blending ratios. Efficient energy transfer from PFBT to MEH-PPV was observed, yielding bright, red-shifted emission. The donor exhibited complex decay kinetics consistent with energy transfer in complex, nanoscale, multichromophoric systems. The fluorescence decay kinetics and steady-state quenching efficiencies are compared to a multiple energy transfer model and prior results for dye-doped nanoparticles. The analysis indicates that the high en...
An algebra of tensor operators and its applications to elasticity

Abstract An algebra of tensors of order four which depend on a unit vector and the Kronecker delta is investigated. It is shown that the algebra has natural applications in classical elasticity as well as in the continuum theory of dislocations. Explicit formulas for the corresponding Green's functions and projection operators are obtained. It is shown that a remarkable correspondence exists between global projection operators and local ones associated with strain and stress jumps at surfaces of discontinuity. This correspondence affords a unified treatment for global and local projection operators.
Endogenous Biologically Active Human Parathyroid Hormone: Measurement by a Guanyl Nucleotide-Amplified Renal Adenylate Cyclase Assay*

The purpose of the present study was to establish and validate a routine procedure for the measurement of endogenous biologically active human parathyroid hormome (PTH). To accomplish this, we measured the activation of canine renal cortical plasma membrane adenylate cyclase activity produced by PTH standards or test sera in the presence of the hydrolysis-resistant GTP analog, 5′-guanylimidodiphosphate (100 [M). In this system, as little as 3 pg (=0 3 fmol) human PTH-(1–U≃84)′ assay tube produced significant adenylate cyclase activation. Glucagon, human calcitonin, ACTH-(l–), arginine vasopressin, epinephrine, and prostaglandin E1 had little or no activity. A competitive PTH antagonist, [8Nle, 18Nle, 34Tyr]bovine PTH(3–34) amide, completely inhibited enzyme activation produced by exogenous PTH, parathyroid venous effluent serum, or peripheral chronic renal failure serum. Thus, the activity in serum was due specifically to biologically active PTH.The concentrations of biologically active PTH and immunoreac...
In vitro hepatic lipogenesis in the hen and chick.

Abstract 1. 1. An incubation system containing 10 mM acetate and 5 mM glucose produced a maximal rate of fatty acid synthesis. Using this system it was shown that chick liver slices synthesized fatty acids in a linear fashion over a 3-hr incubation period. 2. 2. The ability of liver slices from chicks and hens to utilize acetate-1- 14 C for lipid synthesis and oxidation to CO 2 was found to be similar.
Postoperative Intraocular Pressure Rise in Open-angle Glaucoma Patients after Cataract or Combined Cataract-filtration Surgery

Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in patients with open-angle glaucoma undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction with a posterior chamber lens implant (ECCE-PC IOL). Patients considered to be under adequate medical glaucoma control had cataract surgery alone or combined with a posterior lip sclerectomy. Patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma had cataract surgery combined with either a posterior lip sclerectomy or a trabeculectomy. Cataract surgery alone (n = 26) was associated with a significantly (P less than 0.001) increased IOP on postoperative day 1: preoperative IOP, 18.9 +/- 3.6 mmHg; postoperative IOP, 34.2 +/- 12 mmHg. An IOP rise of 10 mmHg or more occurred in 69% of the eyes, whereas 77% of the eyes had an absolute IOP over 25 mmHg. Eyes undergoing combined surgery (n = 42) had a preoperative IOP of 21.3 +/- 4.8 mmHg. On postoperative day 1, the mean IOP was 14.9 +/- 12.0 mmHg. An IOP rise of 10 mmHg or more was observed in 14%, and an IOP over 25 mmHg in 21% of combined surgery eyes. Cataract surgery in eyes with open-angle glaucoma requires careful monitoring and therapy for early postoperative increases in IOP. Combined surgery reduces the frequency and magnitude of, but does not eliminate, this complication.
Identification of Phosphorylated Human Peptides by Accurate Mass Measurement Alone

Abstract At sufficiently high mass accuracy, it is possible to distinguish phosphorylated from unmodified peptides by mass measurement alone. We examine the feasibility of that idea, tested against a library of all possible in silico tryptic digest peptides from the human proteome database. The overlaps between in silico tryptic digest phosphopeptides generated from known phosphorylated proteins (1–12 sites) and all possible unmodified human peptides are considered for assumed mass error ranges of ±10, ±50, ±100, ±1000, and ±10,000 ppb. We find that for mass error ±50 ppb, 95% of all phosphorylated human tryptic peptides can be distinguished from nonmodified peptides by accurate mass alone throughout the entire nominal mass range. We discuss the prospect of on-line LC MS/MS to identify phosphopeptide precursor ions in MS1 for selected dissociation in MS2 to identify the peptide and site(s) of phosphorylation.
The K-factor: Individual differences in life history strategy

Abstract Until recently, variations in life history strategy were studied exclusively at the species level. Although this domain of study has been extended to examine systematic differences in life history strategy among various human ethnic groupings, more recent evolutionary theories of human development and related behavioral genetic work imply substantial within-group individual variation in life history strategy. We constructed a latent variable model identifying a single common factor, denoted as K, which underlies a variety of otherwise disparate life history parameters. This “K-Factor” loaded 0.36 on childhood attachment to the biological father, −0.36 on childhood attachment to any non-biological father figure, 0.38 on adult romantic partner attachment, −0.51 on mating effort, −0.58 on Machiavellianism, and −0.41 on risk propensity. The bivariate correlations of the K-factor with higher-order personality factors were statistically significant, −0.24 with “Big Neuroticism” and −0.67 with “Big Psychoticism”, and approached significance, correlating 0.12, with “Big Extraversion”. The K-factor appears to be an underappreciated individual difference variable of major importance to human development.
HRP study of the organization of auditory afferents ascending to central nucleus of inferior colliculus in cat

The ascending auditory projections to central nucleus of inferior colliculus and its ventrolateral and dorsomedial subdivisions (ICVL and ICDM) have been studied in cat using both pressure and electrophoretic injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The results indicate that the predominant ascending projections to inferior colliculus originate in (1) contralateral cochlear nucleus, (2) contralateral and ipsilateral lateral superior olive, (3) ipsilateral medial superior olive, (4) ipsilateral ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, (5) ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, and (6) contralateral inferior colliculus. In addition, ipsilateral cochlear nucleus, ipsilateral and contralateral intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, ipsilateral, and to a lesser extent contralateral, periolivary nuclei project to inferior colliculus. Of these nuclei, the lateral superior olive projects exclusively to ICVL and ipsilateral cochlear nucleus and contralateral inferior colliculus project mostly, if not exclusively, to ICDM. Many of these projections demonstrate a cochleotopic organization and frequency a nucleotopic organization as well. A cochleotopic organization of the projections is apparent for cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex. A nucleotopic organization suggests that the heaviest terminations of contralateral inferior colliculus are medial and dorsal in inferior colliculus, of medial superior olive are dorsal and lateral, of superior olivary complex are rostral, of cochlear nucleus are caudal, and of ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus are caudal.
Attenuation of isobutylmethylxanthine-induced suppression of operant behavior by pretreatment of rats with clonidine

Abstract Administration of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) to rats performing a FR30 operant for food reinforcement produces a does-dependent suppression of behavior. Operant behavior suppressed by 5 mg IBMX/kg is attenuated by pretreatment, 30 min before the operant session, with the α 2 adrenergic agonist clonidine (5–30 μg/kg). Clonidine itself causes a dose-dependent reduction in FR30 responding prior to the administration of IBMX. However, doses of clonidine which also suppressed responding were not more effective than lower doses in attenuating the suppresion of operant behavior caused by IBMX, perhaps due to postsynaptic or nonspecific actions of clonide. Methylxanthines, alone or in combination with the opiate antagonist naloxone, produce signs of opiate withdrawal. This quasi-morphin withdrawalsyndrome may be useful in studies of either the development or expression of opiate withdrawal. Since clonidine attenuates the rate-suppressant effect of IBMX, it is likely that a significant component of IBMX's behavioral effects are due to increases in NE neurotransmission. These results are similar to those obtained with true opiate withdrawal in rats, strengthening the idea that suppression of operant behavior by IBMX involves mechanisms in common with opiate withdrawal. It may be a useful way of objectively studying the expression of the withdrawal syndrome in the absence of opiates and/or a way of determining if a drug can selectively block withdrawal.
What Is Morally New in Genetic Manipulation

The investigation into the specific moral issues of genetic manipulation requires us to determine exactly the new moral issues of genetic manipulation. But even that determination requires us to consider whether the context in which we live and the method of moral reflection which we use is adequate enough to address genetic manipulation. Given the liberalist context in which we live, this paper argues that an act-oriented ethics is inadequate and that only a virtue-oriented ethics enables us to recognize and resolve the new problems ahead of us in genetic manipulation. Moreover, those problems have a common root, that is, that through genetics we will be in danger of objectifying the human subject.
Prediction of nugget development during resistance spot welding using coupled thermal–electrical–mechanical model

AbstractAn axisymmetric finite element model employing coupled thermal–electrical–mechanical analysis of resistance spot welding is presented. The welding parameters considered include: heat generation at the faying surface and the workpiece–electrode surface; Joule heating at the workpiece and the electrode; and the thermal contact conductance between the electrode and the workpiece. The latent heat of phase change due to melting is accounted for. The effect of friction coefficient on the workpiece interface is also studied. The computed results agree well with the experimental data. Heat generation at the faying surface in the initial stages of welding dominates the nugget development, and Joule heating at long times governs the weld nugget growth. A parametric study is carried out for the nugget growth with specific consideration of resistance spot welding of Al alloys. Process control and modelling of resistance spot welding of Al alloys is more difficult than that for steel because of their high elec...
Application of multi-layer perceptron neural networks to vision problems

This paper discusses the application of a class of feed-forward Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) known as Multi-Layer Perceptrons(MLPs) to two vision problems: recognition and pose estimation of 3D objects from a single 2D perspective view; and handwritten digit recognition. In both cases, a multi-MLP classification scheme is developed that combines the decisions of several classifiers. These classifiers operate on the same feature set for the 3D recognition problem whereas different feature types are used for the handwritten digit recognition. The backpropagationlearning rule is used to train the MLPs. Application of the MLP architecture to other vision problems is also briefly discussed.
Quadraturverfahren mit Fehlerschranken

Mit Hilfe einer Fehlerschrankenarithmetik (vgl. [4]) werden Formeln zur Berechnung von Naherungswertenplus Fehlerschranken fur bestimmte Integrale angegeben. Im einfachsten Fall werdenkeine weiteren Informationen uber den Integranden gefordert (wie etwa Schranken fur Ableitungen, etc.). Die Formeln lassen sich fur jede Genauigkeitsordnung aufstellen, die Ordnung fur den Naherungswert ist i. a. um Eins hoher als fur die Fehlerschranken. Beispiele zeigen, das die Schranken sehr scharf sind. Man kann die durch die Schranken vermittelte Information zum vollautomatischen Abbrechen der Quadratur an der “gunstigsten” Stelle benutzen.
Differential Regulation of Focal Adhesion Kinase and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Tyrosine Phosphorylation During Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I-Mediated Cytoskeletal Reorganization

Abstract: In SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I mediates membrane ruffling and growth cone extension. We have previously shown that IGF-I activates the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 2. In the current study, we examined which signaling pathway underlies IGF-I-mediated FAK phosphorylation and cytoskeletal changes and determined if an intact cytoskeleton was required for IGF-I signaling. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with cytochalasin D disrupted the actin cytoskeleton and prevented any morphological changes induced by IGF-I. Inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) blocked IGF-I-mediated changes in the actin cytoskeleton as measured by membrane ruffling. In contrast, PD98059, a selective inhibitor of ERK kinase, had no effect on IGF-I-induced membrane ruffling. In parallel with effects on the actin cytoskeleton, cytochalasin D and PI 3-K inhibitors blocked IGF-I-induced FAK tyrosine phosphorylation, whereas PD98059 had no effect. It is interesting that cytochalasin D did not block IGF-I-induced ERK2 tyrosine phosphorylation. Therefore, it is likely that FAK and ERK2 tyrosine phosphorylations are regulated by separate pathways during IGF-I signaling. Our study suggests that integrity as well as dynamic motility of the actin cytoskeleton mediated by PI 3-K is required for IGF-I-induced FAK tyrosine phosphorylation, but not for ERK2 activation.
Beyond the “National Container” Addressing Methodological Nationalism in Higher Education Research

This essay argues that there is a need for higher education researchers to become aware of methodological nationalism (MN) and take steps to reframe their scholarship in new ways. It illuminates two characteristics of MN prevalent in higher education research and suggests that although a few researchers have attempted to move beyond MN in the higher education globalization literature, most remain encapsulated in a view of nation-state equates society. The authors address this gap by arguing for the expansion of analytic approach to some of the common phenomena studied within U.S. higher education (such as college student experience, diversity, and governance) and highlight how these typical objects of study would transform once we overcome MN.
Mapping the Ca2+-dependent binding of an invertebrate homolog of protein phosphatase 4 regulatory subunit 2 to the small EF-hand protein, calsensin

The EF-hand family of calcium-binding proteins regulates cellular signal transduction events via calcium-dependent interactions with target proteins. Here, we show that the COOH-terminal tail of the leech homolog of protein phosphatase 4 regulatory subunit 2 (PP4-R2) interacts with the small neuronal EF-hand calcium-binding protein, Calsensin, in a calcium-dependent manner. Using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and chemical shift perturbations we have identified and mapped the residues of Calsensin that form a binding surface for PP4-R2. We show that the binding groove is formed primarily of discontinuous hydrophobic residues located in helix 1, the hinge region, and helix 4 of the unicornate-type four helix structure of Calsensin. The findings suggest the possibility that calcium-dependent modulation of phosphatase complexes through interactions with small calcium-binding proteins may be a general mechanism for regulation of signal transduction pathways.
TRPV4 is a regulator of adipose oxidative metabolism, inflammation and energy homeostasis

PGC1α is a key transcriptional coregulator of oxidative metabolism and thermogenesis. Through a high-throughput chemical screen, we found that molecules antagonizing the TRPVs (transient receptor potential vanilloid), a family of ion channels, induced PGC1α expression in adipocytes. In particular, TRPV4 negatively regulated the expression of PGC1α, UCP1, and cellular respiration. Additionally, it potently controlled the expression of multiple proinflammatory genes involved in the development of insulin resistance. Mice with a null mutation for TRPV4 or wild-type mice treated with a TRPV4 antagonist showed elevated thermogenesis in adipose tissues and were protected from diet-induced obesity, adipose inflammation, and insulin resistance. This role of TRPV4 as a cell-autonomous mediator for both the thermogenic and proinflammatory programs in adipocytes could offer a target for treating obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Use of a mixed derivative for the gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of cytidine and its analogs

Abstract Trimethylsilylation of cytidine and its analogs normally produces on gas chromatography a peak which is unusually broad and low and whose area is strongly affected by sample size. Addition of trace amounts ( N -trifluoroacetylimidazole to the silylation reaction mixture followed by standing 5 to 10 min produces the N 4 -trifluoracetyl, O -persilyl derivative which is substantially more volatile and forms a sharp, symmetrical peak on gas chromatography. Since the mixed derivative is not formed from other common nucleosides the reaction provides a selective form of nucleoside or nucleotide modification that is potentially useful for characterization of cytosine-containing analogs by mass spectrometry.
Neuroblastoma cells recapitulate their detailed neurite morphologies after reversible microtubule disassembly

The detailed neurite morphologies of neuroblastoma cells can be specified by heritable information. This paper reports an investigation into how that information is stored. Cells with neurites are incubated with the microtubule-depolymerizing drug Nocodazole. The neurites retract and the cell bodies round up. The neurites reextend when the drug is removed. 58% of all cells recapitulate their original neurite morphology in detail. The same percentage of recapitulation is observed among a subset of the cells, about half the population, which move across the substratum during retraction and reextension. The results suggest that the storage of morphological determinants survives an interruption in their expression. In addition, reexpression of specific morphology does not require external cues or maintenance of the overall geometry of the cytoskeleton.
The Hα/Hβ ratio in solar flares

We have measured the ratio of Hα to Hβ central intensities in the peak kernels of 14 flares, using simultaneous filtergrams. The ratio is typically one with some scatter. By contrast, in stellar flares the ratio is about 0.8.
Sex differences in students' impressions of a university women's center

Twenty-eight female and 28 male college students responded to a survey questionnaire that tapped various kinds of knowledge and sentiments about women's centers. Regardless of sex, subjects held similar perceptions about the political orientation of women's centers. However, male respondents were relatively less accepting of that ideology as it applied to men as well as women and more inclined to minimize the potential impact of women's centers. The women's rights movement may need to concentrate more effort than it has on dispelling male stereotypes of liberated women.
Synthetic approaches toward mitomycins. I. Stereoselective synthesis of a tetracyclic intermediate.

Abstract A highly efficient synthesis of a tetracyclic intermediate 5 to the antitumor antibiotics AX-2 4 , mitomycin A 2 , and C 1 is described.
Predation, apparent competition and the structure of prey communities.

Abstract It is argued that alternate prey species in the diet of a food-limited generalist predator should reduce each other's equilibrial abundances, whether or not they directly compete. Such indirect, interspecific interactions are labeled apparent competition . Two examples are discussed in which an observed pattern of habitat segregation was at first interpreted as evidence for direct competition, but later interpreted as apparent competition resulting from shared predation. In order to study the consequences of predator-mediated apparent competition in isolation from other complicating factors, a model community is analyzed in which there is no direct interspecific competition among the prey. An explicit necessary condition for prey species coexistence is derived for the case of one predator feeding on many prey species. This model community has several interesting properties: (1) Prey species with high relative values for a parameter r a are “keystone” species in the community; (2) prey species can be excluded from the community by “diffuse” apparent competition; (3) large changes in the niche breadth of the predator need not correspond to large changes in predator density; (4) the prey trophic level as a whole is regulated by the predator, yet each of its constituent species is regulated by both the predator and available resources; (5) increased productivity may either increase, decrease, or leave unchanged the number of species in the community; (6) a decrease in density-independent mortality may decrease species diversity. These conclusions seem to be robust to changes in the prey growth equations and to the incorporation of predator satiation. By contrast, adding prey refugia or predator switching to the model weakens these conclusions. If the predator can be satiated or switched, the elements a ij comprising the community matrix may have signs opposite the long-term effect of j upon i . The effect of natural selection upon prey species coexistence is discussed. Unless r i , K i , and a i are tightly coupled, natural selection within prey species i will tend to decrease the equilibrial abundance of species j .