cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pulsatile and Continuous Flow on Yes-Associated Protein

Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a mechanosignaling protein that relays mechanical information to the nucleus by changing its level of phosphorylation. We hypothesize that different flow patterns show differential effect on phosphorylated YAP (pYAP) (S127) and total YAP and could be responsible for flow dependent localization of atherosclerosis. Confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on fibronectin-coated glass slides were exposed to continuous forward flow (CFF) and pulsatile forward flow (PFF) using a parallel plate flow chamber system for 30 minutes. Cell lysates were prepared and immunoblotted to detect the levels of phosphorylated YAP and total YAP. HUVECs exposed to both PFF and CFF showed a mild decrease in the levels of both pYAP (S127) and total YAP. While the levels of pYAP (S127) decreased to 87.85 and 85.21% of static control with PFF and CFF, respectively, the levels of total YAP significantly decreased to 91.31 and 92.27% of static control. No significant difference was seen between CFF and PFF on their effect on pYAP (S127), but both conditions resulted in a significant decrease in total YAP at 30 minutes. The results of this experiment show that the possible effect of different types of flow on YAP is not induced before 30 minutes. Experiments exposing endothelial cells to various types of flow for longer duration of time could help to elucidate the role of YAP in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Super-Resolution SERS Imaging beyond the Single-Molecule Limit: An Isotope-Edited Approach

Super-resolution imaging of single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SM-SERS) reveals a spatial relationship between the SERS emission centroid and the corresponding intensity. Here, an isotope-edited bianalyte approach is used to confirm that shifts in the SERS emission centroid are directly linked to the changing position of the molecule on the nanoparticle surface. By working above the single-molecule limit and exploiting SERS intensity fluctuations, the SERS centroid positions of individual molecules are found to be spatially distinct.
Temperature Dependence of Structure, Transport and Growth of Microcrystalline Silicon: Does Grain Size Correlate with Transport?

The temperature dependence of the growth, structure and transport of plasma-deposited microcrystalline and polycrystalline silicon films have been investigated over the temperature range of 50°C to 350°C. While low substrate temperature yields small grain sizes as expected, high temperature also tends to suppress the grain growth, contrary to the normal behavior observed in thermal CVD (chemical vapor deposition) where crystallinity grows with temperature. In fact, the highest temperature of 350°C corresponds to the lowest degree of crystallinity. Furthermore, it is found that, unlike the polycrystalline Si prepared by thermal CVD, the transport properties of the Si films do not necessarily correlate with the grain size or structural defects. While the largest average grain size of 800–1000 A was obtained at 200°C, the highest Hall mobility and conductivity were obtained near 250°C, which corresponds to a material with smaller grains and an abundance of voids.
Low temperature dehydrations of non-activated alcohols via halide catalysis

Activating kinetically inert C–O bonds such as in primary alcohols is an important challenge for the transformation of biomass-derived feedstocks. The herein described methodology addresses this issue through a combination of halide and acid catalysis. The novel mechanistic pathway proposed based on detailed experimental studies enables selective olefin formation from alcohols – as opposed to ether formation – at relatively low temperatures. Suitable substrates are tertiary, secondary, and even primary alcohols. Furthermore, the observed selectivity for the Hoffman elimination product and the realization of a non-rearranging Friedel–Crafts alkylation suggest that the reaction medium with high concentrations of halide (NBu4Br) enables reaction outcomes that cannot be obtained through carbocation intermediates.
Field validation of road roughness evaluation using in-pavement strain sensors

Most transportation agencies now collect pavement roughness data using the inertial profilers, which requires instrumented vehicles and technicians with specialized training to interpret the results. The extensive labor requirements of the profiling activities limit data collection for portions of the national highway system to at most once per year, resulting in outdated roughness data for decision making of maintenance needs. In this paper, a real-time roughness evaluation method was developed by linking the output of durable in-pavement strain sensors to road roughness level. The durable in-pavement sensors will continuously provide information of road roughness in real time after they are installed and calibrated during the road construction until the service life of the associated pavement. Field tests validated the developed strain method by comparison with standard inertial profiling method and the connected-vehicle method. The comparison of the results from the field tests approves the effectiveness of the developed road roughness evaluation method using in-pavement strain sensors, which can be further applied practically for needed concrete pavements.
Study on the Cement Slurry for Gas Wells in Block QingShen

Based on the analysis of the requirement to the cement slurry in Qingshen gas field,a high tem- perature high toughness anti-channeling cement slurry was designed.Laboratory experiments on the prop- erties of the cement slurry and the set cement showed that this cement slurry is stable at high temperature, and the set cement is tough.Channeling of gas to the annular space during WOC was stopped in field appli- cation.
Quality of life and sexual identity for men who have sex with men among university students in Guangzhou

Objective To explore quality of life(QOL) and sexual identity for men who have sex with men(MSM) among university students,and provide a basis theory for the targeted health intervention. Methods Peer recommended,Snowball sampling were appliedto recruit the subjects on MSM for this study and stratified sampling methods was used to recruit ordinary male college students. HOQOL-BREF was used to collect information from both MSM and ordinary male college students. Results A total of 233 MSM college students were investigated.Scores from the physiological,psychological,social relations and environmental domains for QOL and total QOL were(13.52 ±1.59),(13.43 ±1.95),(13.14 ±2.77),(12.63 ±1.89) and(13.18 ±1.58), respectively. A total of 519 ordinary male college students were investigated.Scores from the physiological,psychological,social relations and environmental domains for QOL and total QOL were(14.11 ±1.97),(14.06 ±2.39),(13.67 ±2.83),(13.38 ±2.11) and(13.81 ±1.89). Scores for all domains of QOL on MSM were significantly lower than the figures from ordinary male college students(P0.05).Poor family economic situation, live with their families, sexual role is "0 " and most of the time role as "0 " were correlated to the low living quality score of MSM.59.66% MSM college students showed a positive attitude to their MSM identity. Conclusions The improvement of subjective feelings, give them a l iberal learning and living environment,and targeted interventions among this MSM population should base on different demographic characteristics,especially for those whose family economic situation is poor,and for those who live with their families, and for those whose sexual role is "0" and most of the time as "0" of MSM.
Immunohistochemical expression of CD-10, BCL-6 and MUM-1 antibodies and immediate clinical response in patients of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas after six cycles of chemotherapy.

Objective: To determine the expression of CD-10, BCL-6 and MUM-1 in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and its association with immediate clinical response after six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy. Study Design: Analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi in collaboration with Nuclear medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (NORI), Islamabad from September 2010 to September 2011. Methodology: CD-10, BCL-6 and MUM-1 antibodies were applied on cases diagnosed as DLBCL. Immediate clinical response was noted after 6 cycles of chemotherapy with the help of oncologist and divided into complete response, partial response, stable disease and relapse/ progression. Patient's age, results of expression of CD-10, BCL-6 and MUM-1 and results of immediate clinical response to chemotherapy were noted. Regarding analysis of prognostic markers (CD-10, BCL-6 and MUM-1), chi-square test was used for immediate clinical response to chemotherapy in DLBCL. Results: CD-10 was positive in 40% cases, BCL-6 in 58.7% cases and MUM-1 was positive in 46.7% cases. About 41.3% of patients showed complete response, 10.6% partial response, 17.3% stable disease and 30.8% showed relapse/ progression. CD-10 expression in DLBCL was associated with better immediate clinical response (p = 0.011) whereas MUM-1 expression in DLBCL was associated with poor immediate clinical response (p < 0.0001). However, there was no statistically significant association of BCL-6 with immediate clinical response (p = 0.22). Conclusion: DLBCL shows expression of CD-10, BCL-6 and MUM-1 in nearly fifty percent of the cases. CD-10 is associated with good whereas MUM is associated with poor response. However, there was no association of BCL-6 with immediate clinical response.
Sensory integration and fragile X syndrome

The fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited sex-linked form of mental retardation. It occurs in approximately 1/1,000 live births and affects both males and females. What is of considerable interest is that a significant number of these children, in addition to a variety of physical, cognitive and behavioral difficulties, also have disturbances of sensory integration function which can, and do, severely effect their behavior and capacity to learn and function in their families and communities.
Morphological changes of Salmonella typhimurium caused by electrical stimulation in various salt solutions.

To better understand what physical changes occur in bacteria subjected to low-voltage, low-current electrical stimulation (ES), morphological changes in Salmonella typhimurium killed by ES were examined using electron microscopy. Cells (107 CFU/ml) were suspended in 0.015 M NaCl, 0.015 M Na2CO3, or 0.005 M Na3PO4·12H2O solutions and pulsed electric signals at 10 mA/cm2 current, 1 kHz frequency and 50% duty cycle were applied until more than 90% of the cells were dead. In NaCl solutions, cells were swollen before collapsing into amorphous bodies. In Na2CO3 solutions, cells showed irregular surfaces and the cytoplasm became less dense at the centers of the cells. In Na3PO4 solutions, the cytoplasm was scattered into small aggregates within the cell and many fibrils were formed outside. The results of this research suggest that the mechanisms of destruction of S. typhimurium by ES depend on the salt used an electrolyte.
Western Blot Analysis for the Detection of Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibodies and Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor Antibodies

Anti-basement membrane antibodies and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (Goodpasture's syndrome) receives its eponym from Ernest Goodpasture. While studying the influenza pandemic after World War I, Goodpasture studied an 18-year-old male, who died of pulmonary hemorrhage, and diagnosed his pathological findings as systemic vasculitis (1). Although the disease that Goodpasture described is probably different from the disease that now carries his eponym (2), Goodpasture's disease is now well recognized as one of the causes of pulmonary hemorrhage and/or acute renal failure. Immunofluorescence later identified that some cases of pulmonary hemorrhage and renal failure were associated with the linear deposition of immunoglobulins deposited along the pulmonary and glomerular basement membranes (GBM) (3–5). The term Goodpasture's is now generally reserved for the diseases of pulmonary hemorrhage and renal failure with anti-basement membrane antibodies (6, 7).
A standardized approach for the assessment and treatment of internationally adopted children with a previously repaired anorectal malformation (ARM).

Abstract Introduction A significant number of internationally adopted children have congenital birth defects. As a specialist center for colorectal diagnoses, we evaluate such children with an anorectal malformation (ARM) and have found that a significant number need a reoperation. Knowledge of the common complications following ARM surgery has led us to develop treatment algorithms for patients with unknown past medical and surgical history, a situation typically encountered in the adopted population. Methods The results of investigations, indications, and rate of reoperation were assessed for adopted children with an ARM evaluated between 2014 and 2016. Results 56 patients (28 males) were identified. 76.8% required reoperative surgery. Mislocation of the anus outside the sphincter complex was seen in 50% of males and 39.3% of females. Anal stricture, rectal prolapse, retained vaginal septum, and a strictured vaginal introitus were also common. Conclusion The reoperative surgery rate in the internationally adopted child with an ARM is high. Complete, systematic evaluation of these children is required to identify complications following initial repair. Development of mechanisms to improve the primary surgical care these children receive is needed.
Glomerular hyperfiltration in children with cancer: prevalence and a hypothesis.

Glomerular hyperfiltration has recently been reported in children with malignancies and has been attributed to increased solute from breakdown of tumor tissues. To evaluate the prevalence of hyperfiltration in the pediatric oncology population and explore its pathophysiological mechanism. Tc-99 m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) glomerular filtration rate (GFR) examinations (437 studies) and medical records of 177 patients <21 years of age diagnosed with a malignancy between January 2005 and October 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Hyperfiltration was defined as a GFR ≥ 160 ml/min/1.73 m2. Seventy-seven (43.5%) patients had hyperfiltration in at least one GFR exam. A significantly higher percentage of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors (63.6%) had hyperfiltration when compared to other tumor types (27.3%, P < 0.001). No association was found between hyperfiltration and age, gender, race or bone marrow involvement. There was a significant trend toward decreasing hyperfiltration after the second cycle of chemotherapy (P = 0.006) and a significant increase in subjects with low GFR (<100 ml/min/1.73 m2) with increasing number of cycles of chemotherapy (P = 0.005). Glomerular hyperfiltration is common in children with malignancies at diagnosis and during initial cycles of chemotherapy. It is particularly prevalent in patients with central nervous tumors, which are frequently smaller in volume. Therefore, the pathophysiological mechanism of hyperfiltration cannot be explained solely on the basis of large tumor volume and subsequent cell breakdown. We hypothesize that host hypermetabolic state plays an important role in pathophysiology of hyperfiltration.
Loss Of Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Proteins (PITPs) Causes Thrombocytopenia Due To a Defect In Thrombopoiesis

Phosphatidylinositol (PI) comprises less than one percent of the total phospholipid content in platelets. However, PI serves important roles in second messenger signaling and membrane trafficking. The inositol head groups of PI can be phosphorylated by PI kinases to generate seven different phosphoinositides (PtdIns), each capable of producing unique signaling events. The biogenesis of these PtdIns is restricted to various organelle compartments, and PtdIns cannot diffuse freely within the aqueous cytosol. Therefore, the synthesis of phosphoinositides is tightly regulated in space as well as in time. Class I phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) facilitate the exchange of PtdIns between different membrane compartments by shuttling these phospholipids across the aqueous cytoplasm. Two PITP isoforms (α and β) are expressed in platelets. We have generated a mouse model in which these isoforms are deleted in megakaryocytes and in platelet lineages by using a CRE/Lox strategy. Mice lacking either of the PITP isoforms (PITPα fl/fl PF4 Cre+ or PITPβ fl/fl PF4 Cre +) or mice lacking both of the isoforms of PITP (PITPα fl/fl PITPβ fl/fl PF4 Cre+) in their platelets and in their megakaryocytes appeared normal, and exhibited no evidence of spontaneous hemorrhage. Mice lacking individual isoforms of PITP exhibited mild thrombocytopenia, while mice lacking both PITP isoforms in their platelets and in their megakaryocytes had platelet counts that were 45% ± 4% less than the platelet counts of their matched littermate controls. These knockout mice had no splenomegaly, and the double knockout platelets had a normal lifespan when infused into wild type recipient mice. Together, these findings suggest that the loss of PITPα and PITPβ in platelets and in megakaryocytes causes thrombocytopenia due to decreased platelet production. Analysis of the megakaryocytes in PITPα fl/fl PITPβ fl/fl PF4 Cre+ mice demonstrates that the relative number of megakaryocytes within their bone marrow was unaffected by the loss of both PITP isoforms (control 1.04 ± 0.12% versus knockout 0.98 ± 0.07%). These knockout megakaryocytes also expressed proplatelets in tissue culture as efficiently (44 ± 7% of megakaryocytes had a least one proplatelet) as wild type megakaryocytes (40.9 ± 2.9%). These data suggest that the thrombocytopenia in PITPα fl/fl PITPβ fl/fl PF4 Cre+ mice is due to a failure of their megakaryocyte proplatelet extensions to release platelets into the circulation. It is notable that we have also found that the deletion of either PITPα or PITPβ leads to decreased in vitro synthesis of phosphoinositides, such as PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P2, and second messengers, such as IP3. Together, these data indicate that PITPα and PITPβ in megakaryocytes are critical for normal proplatelet release. We speculate that this is due to the loss of specific phosphoinositides required during thrombopoiesis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Hydroxyapatite ceramic implants for cranioplasty in children: a single-center experience

The use of hydroxyapatite ceramic (HAC) implants for the treatment of skull defects in pediatric patients started 2010 at our institution. Ceramic implants facilitate osteoblast migration and therefore optimize osteointegration with the host bone. The purpose of this study is to report a single-center experience with this treatment modality. A retrospective review of all patients from July 2010 through June 2014 undergoing a cranioplasty using hydroxyapatite ceramic implant and managed at a single institution was performed. Indication for cranioplasty, the hospital course, and follow-up were reviewed. Bone density was measured in Hounsfield Units (HU) and osteointegration was calculated using Mimics Software® (Mimics Innovation Suite v17.0 Medical, Materialize, Leuven, Belgium). Over the 4-year period, six patients met criteria for the study. Five patients had an osteointegration of nearly 100%. One patient had an incomplete osteointegration with a total bone-implant contact area of 69%. The mean bone density was 2800 HU (2300–3000 HU). Bone density alone is estimated to have a Hounsfield value between 400 and 2000 HU depending on the body region and bone quality. There were no major complications, and the patients were highly satisfied with the esthetical result. Hydroxyapatite ceramic implants for cranioplasty in pediatric patients are a good choice for different indications. The implants show excellent osteointegration and esthetical results.
End-of-radiation PSA as a novel prognostic factor in patients undergoing definitive radiation and androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.

In men undergoing definitive radiation for prostate cancer, it is unclear whether early biochemical response can provide additional prognostic value beyond pre-treatment risk stratification. Prostate cancer patients consecutively treated with definitive radiation at our institution by a single provider from 1993 to 2006 and who had an end-of-radiation (EOR) PSA (n=688, median follow-up 11.2 years). We analyzed the association of an EOR PSA level, obtained during the last week of radiation, with survival outcomes. Multivariable-adjusted cox proportional hazards models were constructed to assess associations between a detectable EOR PSA (defined as ⩾0.1 ng ml−1) and biochemical failure-free survival (BFFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS) and overall survival (OS). Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed, with stratification by EOR PSA. At the end of radiation, the PSA level was undetectable in 30% of patients. Men with a detectable EOR PSA experienced inferior 10-year BFFS (49.7% versus 64.4%, P<0.001), 10-year MFS (84.8% versus 92.0%, P=0.003), 10-year PCSS (94.3% versus 98.2%, P=0.007) and 10-year OS (75.8% versus 82.5%, P=0.01), as compared to men with an undetectable EOR PSA. Among National Comprehensive Care Network (NCCN) intermediate- and high-risk men who were treated with definitive radiation and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a detectable EOR PSA was more strongly associated with PCSS than initial NCCN risk level (EOR PSA: HR 5.89, 95% CI 2.37–14.65, P<0.001; NCCN risk level: HR 2.01, 95% CI 0.74–5.42, P=0.168). Main study limitations are retrospective study design and associated biases. EOR PSA was significantly associated with survival endpoints in men who received treatment with definitive radiation and ADT. Whether the EOR PSA can be used to modulate treatment intensity merits further investigation.
Mark Clark’s Tenuous Place in History

This study seeks to ascertain whether the Chicago Daily Defender’s coverage of the December 4, 1969 assassination of Mark Clark and Fred Hampton represents a prevailing pattern among black newspapers or an aberration in the black media’s treatment of the infamous event. Moreover, we wish to determine how the black press coverage differed from that of the mainstream media. The study proceeds with a brief synopsis of the police actions taken on that fateful December morning, after which the data and methodological design of the study are presented and followed by an analysis of the findings. We then offer a biographical capsule of Mark Clark’s life and activism; heretofore, largely overlooked in the scholarly narratives of the raid. Finally, the study concludes with a discussion of the sources contributing to Clark’s near erasure from the annals of history.
Methodologic problems encountered in investigating the possible teratogenic effects of drugs.

In evaluating the effect of drug usage on fetal development, the desired design — that of a randomized double blind trial — is not practicable. The large number of pregnancies required to identify a sufficient number with a condition which can be treated by different medications is a sufficient deterrent, even if all other obstacles can be overcome. Consequently, knowledge in this area must be derived not from controlled experimental studies but by careful observations of phenomena as they occur. Such uncontrolled observational studies may, at best, identify associations between drug usage and outcome of pregnancy, but rarely can they establish a definite cause-and-effect relationship. Even when the effect was explosive and resulted in a large increase in the incidence of a rare condition, as for example in the thalidomide tragedy, it required careful observations and ingenious deduction before it was possible to infer with reasonable certainty the drug that was responsible for the malformation. The problem is much more difficult in less dramatic situations, when we attempt to evaluate deleterious effects of relatively common drugs which are used in day-by-day obstetrical practice. The fact that the drug is in common use is proof enough that its injurious effect on the fetus, if it exists, is not of the explosive variety or it would have long been detected. Instead, the effect is more subtle and of a lower order of magnitude. Its presence can be suspected by an increased probability of an unsuccessful outcome of pregnancy which manifests itself in higher rates of abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death and/or congenital malformation. Ascertaining the increased rates and correlating them with drug usage can be accomplished only by very careful and painstaking study.
Justice Scalia’s Unoriginal Approach to Race and Gender in Education

Although Justice Scalia purported to be driven by originalism and precedent, his opinions in three education cases—Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), Parents Involved v. Seattle School District (2007), and United States v. Virginia (1996)—tell a different tale. In these cases, his arguments are difficult to defend on originalist grounds and, surprisingly, Justice Scalia himself makes no attempt to do so. Similarly, his views are difficult to square with precedent. It is hard to escape the conclusion that, in some of his most noteworthy cases related to education, Justice Scalia was as results-oriented as the justices and judges he loved to criticize.
Quantum Soccer: The Double-Slit Experiment

Based on the description in Sect. 2.3, a perceptive reader might well question the reality of quantum probability waves by posing something like the following scenario. Suppose one observes a classical object, such as a bowling ball flying down a lane.
Antibiotic and Antifungal Therapy in the ICU

Few diseases challenge the critical care provider as frequent as the prevention or treatment of an infection. Patient outcomes are determined based on the interplay of an anti-infective drug, host, and pathogen. Although a complete discussion of each of these components is outside of the scope of this chapter, general knowledge of antimicrobial pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics and associated alterations in critically ill will be reviewed. Specific indications for antimicrobials will be discussed in other sections of this book. The remaining purpose of this chapter is to understand the pharmacologic properties of commonly used antibiotics and antifungals prescribed in the ICU, with an emphasis on mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, clinical pearls, and strategies to optimize therapy organized by drug classes.
Gate-tunable Epsilon-Near-Zero Nanophotonics

We present our recent development on the use of tunable transparent conducting oxides to demonstrate electrically tunable epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) optical devices and to excite ENZ resonance in nanostructured optical fiber.
Estradiol-Concentrating Cells in the Rat Amygdala as Part of a Limbic-Hypothalamic Hormone-Sensitive System

Earlier autoradiographic work resulted in the description of a limbic-hypothalamic system of cells in the female rat brain, which concentrated estradiol-H3 more highly than cells elsewhere in the brain (Pfaff, 1968a). This description was supported by scintillation counting of finely dissected brain regions after systemic estradiol-H3 injection (McEwen and Pfaff, 1970). The initial autoradiographic approach employed a combination of fixatives — formalin and osmium tetroxide — which had been found successful in preventing tritiated sex steroid translocation in thin brain sections. In the present experiment a new autoradiographic procedure, involving the direct mounting of unfixed, un-embedded frozen sections to emulsion-coated slides, was used to test the earlier conclusion that cells in certain limbic and medial hypothalamic structures show the highest estradiol retention in rat brain.
Validation of a Refined and Abbreviated Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (S37.001)

OBJECTIVE: To validate a recently developed refined and abbreviated autonomic symptom score. BACKGROUND: Standardized assessment of autonomic symptoms provides important information when evaluating autonomic failure in clinic and research. We previously described a comprehensive questionnaire, the autonomic symptom profile (ASP), and validated the use of a symptom score derived from this instrument, the composite autonomic symptom score (COMPASS). Recently, we developed a refined and much abbreviated score based on 31 key questions of the original ASP (COMPASS 31). We now sought to validate this new instrument by 1) assessing COMPASS 31 in subjects with different degrees of autonomic failure, 2) correlating COMPASS 31 with laboratory measures of autonomic function (CASS), and 3) assessing for agreement between COMPASS and COMPASS 31. DESIGN/METHODS: We recruited 33 patients with peripheral neuropathy (PN) and 39 patients with neurogenic autonomic failure (NAF) referred for evaluation to Mayo Clinic Rochester. 41 healthy controls were recruited from local communities. Subjects completed the ASP before undergoing standardized autonomic testing. COMPASS, COMPASS 31, and CASS scores were derived for all subjects. COMPASS 31 was assessed by comparing scores between groups, and by assessing associations with COMPASS and CASS. RESULTS: COMPASS 31 and COMPASS were strongly associated across all groups (r=0.95, p CONCLUSIONS: These data establish the validity of COMPASS 31 as a concise instrument for the standardized assessment of autonomic symptoms. There is a very strong association with the original COMPASS, and - in spite of the markedly reduced number of questions - fully maintained separation of patient groups and association with CASS. Supported by: NIH (K23NS075141, U54NS065736, NS 44233, UL1RR24150) and Mayo Funds. Disclosure: Dr. Singer has received payments from Jacobus Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Sletten has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mandrekar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Low has received personal compensation for activities with Chelsea, Pfizer Inc, and WR Medical Inc. as a consultant. Dr. Low has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Autonomic Neuroscience.
Monolayer Exchange Chemistry of γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles

Monolayer modification of alkylamine-protected γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles using functionalized alcohols and diols is presented. the stability of the modified nanoparticles was found to be dependent on the nature of the introduced alcohol: both bidentate surface−ligand bonding and steric blocking by bulky tail groups were necessary to produce systems resistant to agglomeration. EPR, UV−vis, and powder XRD analyses of the pre- and post-modified nanoparticles demonstrated that the core γ-Fe2O3 functionality was unaffected by the change in monolayer composition. Finally, multiple ligands could be readily incorporated into the monolayer using a simultaneous displacement reaction.
Intra-Transport Stabilization And Management of the Pediatric Patient

Pediatric patients who require interhospital critical care transport are afflicted with a wide variety of illnesses and injuries. Both referring hospital staff and transport team personnel need to be familiar with the evaluation and stabilization of major respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurologic derangements as well as the metabolic and hematologic conditions that affect the success of stabilization. This article reviews the appropriate communication that takes place at the time of transfer. General guidelines are given for management of problems commonly encountered by pediatric interhospital transport teams, with emphasis on monitoring, prevention, and treatment of complications.
Avoiding Therapeutic Misadventures in the ICU

Do not give a β-blocker to a patient with sinus tachycardia: The patient usually has a tachycardia for a reason (low stroke volume/cardiac output, fever, etc). A β-blocker is a very effective method of “knocking off” a septic, hypovolemic patient with a severe tachycardia.
Charged Particle Acceleration

The momentum and energy of a charged particle obey the equations, where the momentum p = γmov and γ = (1 − v2∕c2)−1∕2. The kinetic energy \(\mathcal E\) of the particle changes in time and energy is not conserved when an electric field is present along v. Unlike a particle moving in magnetic field only, there are no simple solutions for the velocity of the particle. Understanding the motions of charged particles in E and B fields is fundamental for space plasmas.
Quantifying the Oligomeric States of Membrane Proteins in Cells through Super-Resolution Localizations.

Transitions between different oligomeric states of membrane proteins are essential for proper cellular functions. However, the quantification of their oligomeric states in cells is technically chal...
First 12 Months of Life for Infants in New York City, New York, With Possible Congenital Zika Virus Exposure.

Background Our goal was to characterize the epidemiology and clinical significance of congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure by prospectively following a cohort of infants with possible congenital exposure through their first year of life. Methods We included infants born in New York City between 2016 and 2017 who had or were born to a woman who had laboratory evidence of ZIKV infection during pregnancy. We conducted provider/patient interviews and reviewed medical records to collect information about the pregnant women and, for infants, clinical and neurodevelopmental status at birth and 2, 6, and 12 months of age. Results Of the 404 infants who met inclusion criteria, most (385 [95.3%]) appeared well, whereas 19 (4.7%) had a possible ZIKV-associated birth defect. Seven had congenital ZIKV syndrome, and 12 were microcephalic without other abnormalities. Although infants with congenital ZIKV syndrome manifested clinical and neurodevelopmental sequelae during their first year of life, all 12 infants with isolated microcephaly were normocephalic and appeared well by 2 months of age. Laboratory evidence of ZIKV was detected for 22 of the infants, including 7 (31.8%) with a birth defect. Among 148 infants without a birth defect and negative/no laboratory results on ZIKV testing, and for whom information was available at 1 year, 4 presented with a developmental delay. Conclusions Among infants with possible congenital ZIKV exposure, a small proportion had possible ZIKV-associated findings at birth or at follow-up, or laboratory evidence of ZIKV. Identifying and monitoring infants with possible ZIKV exposure requires extensive efforts by providers and public health departments. Longitudinal studies using standardized clinical and developmental assessments are needed for infants after possible congenital ZIKV exposure.
A Comparative Study of High-Resolution Chemical-Shift-Eliminated Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Finger Specimens with Microcomputed Tomography.

Objective: High-resolution images of finger joints with chemical-shift elimination can be obtained using an interleaved water-fat (IWF) sequence. This study assessed IWF imaging of finger joints in the delineation of bone structures by comparing images of cadaver fingers with those of microcomputed tomography (CT) that served as a standard reference. Materials and Methods: IWF images with spatial resolution of 176 µ × 176 µ × 300 µ were obtained from the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints of two cadaver finger specimens using a custom-built radiofrequency receive coil at 1.5T. Regular three-dimensional gradient-echo (GRE) images were also acquired with similar parameters and compared with the IWF images to evaluate the effects of chemical shift. Micro-CT scans were obtained and served as the standard reference. The image data were reviewed by two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists in consensus. The delineation of normal joint structures and abnormalities in the finger specimens as revealed by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and micro-CT images were compared. The IWF and regular GRE images were assigned scores 0–3 for the depiction of apparent marginal bone defects, with zero being the same in appearance to the micro-CT image and three as having minimal resemblance to it. Statistical analysis of the scoring results was conducted to compare the two MRI techniques. Results: The high-resolution IWF images provided accurate delineation of bone and calcified structures as seen in micro-CT. The thickness of subchondral bone was depicted similarly on the IWF water + fat and the micro-CT images but not on the regular GRE images. The regular GRE sequence showed false marginal bone defects not observed with IWF and micro-CT. In addition, the IWF water-only images facilitated the identification of bone cyst by revealing its water content. Conclusion: High-resolution IWF imaging should be useful for the early diagnosis and treatment assessment of arthritis and should also benefit basic research in the pathophysiology of the disease.
Efficient Synthesis of Okadaic Acid. 1. Convergent Assembly of the C15−C38 Domain

A convergent synthesis of the C15−C38 domain of the marine natural product okadaic acid is reported. This involved the preparation of intermediates representing the C16−C27 and C28−C38 portions of okadaic acid, their direct coupling, and elaboration to the complete C15−C38 intermediate. A C16−C27 intermediate bearing an aldehyde at C27 was constructed in 14-steps from methyl 3-O-benzyl-α-d-altropyranoside. A C28−C38 intermediate with a primary alkyl bromide at C28 was prepared in 10 steps from methyl (S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate. These fragments were then joined in ∼55% yield by conversion of the bromide into an alkylcerium reagent then addition to a sensitive β,γ-unsaturated C27 aldehyde to give a mixture of C27 carbinols (27R:27S = 2.5:1). The configuration at C27 of the major coupling product was inverted by a simple oxidation−reduction sequence to establish the 27S-configuration of okadaic acid. Elaboration into a C15 β-keto phosphonate completed the synthesis of the fully functionalized C15−C38 p...
A Retrospective Case Series of Synovial Sarcoma of the Upper Extremity

Purpose. Previous studies have grouped the treatment of axial and appendicular synovial sarcomas. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic variables of upper extremity synovial sarcomas (UESS) and compare the outcomes of those who underwent a nononcologic or inadvertent excision prior to definitive resection to those who underwent an initial oncologic resection. Methods. We reviewed the records of 23 UESS treated with definitive surgery at our institution between 1990 and 2014. There were 13 women and 10 men with a median age of 30 years (6–60) and median follow-up of 63 months (15–248). Prognostic variables, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were then assessed. Results. Fifteen patients (65%) had a prior unplanned excision. Five patients required an amputation to obtain local control of disease. There were 3 observed local recurrences and 2 distant metastases at a median of 45 months from presentation. We found no difference in need for amputation, RFS, or OS between those who had undergone a planned excision and those who had an unplanned excision. Conclusion. While we were unable to find a significant difference in outcomes or amputation rates between those who underwent reexcision of a previously unplanned excision and those who underwent an initial planned resection, the high rate of unplanned excision is troubling and should remind practitioners to consider sarcoma in the differential of all upper extremity masses.
Functional Requirements of a Mathematical Model of Muscle Contraction

Muscle modeling has a long history. Models typically belong to the class of lumped models built around Hill’s contractile element, or to crossbridge models at the ultrastructure level. Lumped models built on the contractile element are not sufficiently dynamic, since the muscle’s contractile properties are set a priori by the force-velocity relation. We have shown that the force-velocity relation is not a unique descriptor of muscle’s contractile state [1]. Alternatively, description of muscle as a time and length dependent force generator may be used to model muscle dynamics. This paper defines the functional requirements of a mathematical model of muscle contraction and evaluates how closely a lumped model based on ultrastructural dynamics resembles muscle. This single model was found able to describe isometric and isotonic contractions, the force-length relation, the force-velocity relation, and changes in contractile state and contraction rate. This approach may help link macro contractile properties, such as the force-velocity relation, to micro dynamics of crossbridge bonds. It may also be useful as a component of larger physiological models and simulations.
Patients’ Willingness to Accept Mitral Valve Procedure-Associated Risks Varies Across Severity of Heart Failure Symptoms

Background: The Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Drugs and Radiological Health issued Guidance in 2016 on generating patient preference information to aid evaluation of medical devices. Co...
Role of Olfaction for Eating Behavior

Synopsis Our olfactory system not only detects chemicals in the external environment but also subserves to detect the chemicals in our internal environment - the chemistry of energy homeostasis and metabolism. Olfaction guides our eating behavior using an array of neuroendocrine molecules that are detected across the main olfactory epithelium, the olfactory bulb, and higher cortical regions. Both metabolic state (fasting, satiation) and metabolic balance (obesity, metabolic disease) can affect olfactory-regulated eating behaviors. This review will delve into the physiological and behavioral link between olfaction, metabolism, eating, and health.
The Recommendation of Cone-beam Computed Tomography and Its Effect on Endodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning.

Abstract Introduction Although intraoral radiographs are foundational for diagnosis and planning treatment in dentistry, the resulting 2-dimensional image varies in interpretation requiring judgment. Cone-beam computed tomographic imaging provides a more detailed 3-dimensional image that may affect treatment recommendations. This study aimed to determine the basis for CBCT recommendations and the effect on diagnosis and treatment planning. Methods The study involved a sample of 45 cases that presented for endodontic treatment, 30 with a CBCT scan on record and 15 without. For phase 1, all 45 cases were reviewed by 3 examiners without access to the CBCT scans. For phase 2, 4 months later, the 3 examiners reanalyzed the 30 cases, this time with the associated CBCT scan. Intra- and interexaminer agreements were recorded and analyzed. Also, the recommendations for CBCT were compared with the American Association of Endodontists/American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology joint statement. Results Interexaminer agreement in phases 1 and 2 was 65% and 72%, respectively. For endodontic diagnoses, there was a 19% change in the pulpal diagnosis category when CBCT imaging was added, whereas there was a 30% change in the apical category. The selections changed in 55% of the cases when determining etiology and in 49% of the cases when making recommendations. CBCT imaging was recommended 78.8% of the time when the case had a CBCT on record versus 33% of the time in cases without. Conclusions CBCT imaging has a significant effect in determining the etiology of endodontic pathoses and in recommending treatment. Furthermore, CBCT imaging is not overprescribed in the endodontic department, and the faculty members adhere to the American Association of Endodontists/American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology recommendations.
The Life Cycle of Investment Management When 'Today's Alpha is Tomorrow's Beta'

I present a model where competition in the asset management industry has positive and negative effects on fund performance. When funds have increasing (decreasing) returns to scale at the industry level, the flow-performance relation is concave (convex). Active funds outperform their benchmark initially. Competition among funds raises the cost of active management and gradually depletes the profitable opportunities in the aggregate. Eventually, the total surplus declines to zero and the average active manager falls behind the benchmark. Aggregate risk is reduced over time through "closet indexing", until all active funds form a scalable pool of passively invested capital.
Suppurative Intracranial Complications of Pediatric Sinusitis: A Single-Center Experience.

BACKGROUND Suppurative intracranial complications of sinusitis are rare events in children and can lead to harmful neurologic sequelae and significant morbidity. We sought to review the presentation and management of patients admitted at our hospital with these conditions. METHODS This was a retrospective study of pediatric patients admitted to a quaternary children's hospital from 2007 to 2019 for operative management of sinusitis with intracranial extension. Clinical characteristics, including surgical and microbiological data, were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Fifty-four patients were included; the median age was 11.0 years, and there was a male predominance. Eighty-nine percent of patients had prior healthcare visits for the current episode of sinusitis; 46% of patients had an abnormal neurologic exam on admission. Epidural abscess and subdural empyema were the most common complications, and subdural empyema was associated with repeat surgical intervention. The dominant pathogens were Streptococcus anginosus group organisms (74%). The majority of patients completed treatment parenterally, with a median duration of therapy of 35 days. Neurological sequelae, including epilepsy or ongoing focal deficits, occurred in 22% of patients. History of seizure or an abnormal neurological exam at admission were associated with neurological sequelae. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should consider intracranial complications of sinusitis in patients with symptoms of sinusitis for >1 week. Patients should undergo urgent neuroimaging, as neurosurgical intervention is essential for these patients. Subdural empyema was associated with repeat neurosurgical intervention. Neurological sequelae occurred in 22% of patients, and new onset seizure or an abnormal neurological exam at admission were associated with neurological sequelae.
Does Vertical Integration Decrease Prices? Evidence from the Paramount Antitrust Case of 1948

I empirically examine the impact of the 1948 Paramount antitrust case on ticket prices using a unique data set collected from Variety magazine issues between 1945 and 1955. With weekly movie theater information on prices, revenues and theater ownership for an unbalanced panel of 393 theaters located in 26 different metropolitan areas, I find evidence that vertically integrated theaters charged lower prices and sold more admission tickets than non-vertically integrated theaters. I also find that the rate at which prices increased in theaters were slower before vertical separation than it was after separation. These findings together with institutional and antitrust case aftermath detail are consistent with the prediction that vertical integration lowers prices through the elimination of double-marginalization. A back of the envelope calculation suggests that losses in consumer surplus due to the Supreme Court resolution suggesting theater vertical separation from major studios were sizable.
Discrepancy rates of preliminary and final reports for after-hours pediatric teleradiology interpretations.

BackgroundChildren’s hospitals often do not have a high enough volume to justify providing radiologist staffing overnight, leading to hospitals employing teleradiology services to offer preliminary...