cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Silane-coated silica particle colloid processing of human sperm

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the quality of human sperm processed through different lots of silane-coated silica particle colloid solutions. The objectives were to compare (a) sperm kinematic parameters, (b) the sperm acrosome status, (c) the membrane integrity of the head and tail regions, (d) the DNA normality, and (e) the heat-inducible hyperactivation motility after processing sperm through either a Silane-coated silica particle colloid solution, a Percoll solution, or a simple centrifuge sperm wash (control). Methods: Sperm cells were derived from pooled cryopreserved-thawed specimens of several donors (n=10). The pooled sperm were divided and processed through either the centrifuge wash, the 90:47% two-layer Percoll, or one of three lots of silane-coated silica particle colloidal solutions from three vendors. Aliquots of sperm cells were analyzed using the Hamilton-Thorn HTM-C motility analyzer for differences in kinematics and hyperactivation. Sperm were also analyzed for membrane integrity at both head and tail regions, normal morphology, acrosome status, and viability. Sperm undergoing apoptosis were determined using the acridine orange stain. Processed sperm were also incubated at 40°C for 4 hr and the quality of the sperm was assessed using the heat-induced hyperactivation and motility parameter. Results: The data showed that after sperm processing, the number of sperm recovered was higher for the three lots of colloids (silane-coated silica particle colloid solutions) compared with Percoll processing. Total sperm motility was higher in the colloidal washes compared with the control. There were no differences in motility between Percoll- and colloid-processed sperm. In contrast, the percentages of sperm exhibiting progressive motility or hyperactivation varied among the different lots of colloid solutions. The Percoll wash solution yielded the highest percentage of sperm with intact tail membranes, whereas some lots of colloid solutions disrupted sperm head membranes. The percentages of sperm undergoing apoptosis varied for the different lots of colloid solutions. There was a marked increase in hyperactivation associated with one colloid solution after heat induction. Conclusions: The results demonstrated variability in the different lots of silane-coated silica particle colloid solutions for processing sperm. Each lot of colloid solution excelled at improving different sperm parameters. The silane-coated silica particle colloid solutions were shown to be effective in recovering motile sperm compared with Percoll but the types of motility and sperm quality varied for the different lots of colloid solutions. Due to the variability in lots of silane-coated silica colloid solutions, reported studies based on only one lot or one source of colloid solution may be difficult to interpret. Furthermore, it may be advantageous to select the best lot of silane-coated silica particle colloid solution to produce the highest number of sperm exhibiting the ideal parameters for use in assisted reproduction technologies.
Selective ion passage through functionalized graphene nanopores.

We design functionalized nanopores in graphene monolayers and show by molecular dynamics simulations that they provide highly selective passage of hydrated ions. Only ions that can be partly stripped of their hydration shells can pass through these ultrasmall pores with diameters of ∼5 A. For example, a fluorine−nitrogen-terminated pore allows the passage of Li+, Na+, and K+ cations with the ratio 9:14:33, but it blocks the passage of anions. The hydrogen-terminated pore allows the passage of F−, Cl−, and Br− anions with the ratio 0:17:33, but it blocks the passage of cations. These nanopores could have potential applications in molecular separation, desalination, and energy storage systems.
Asymptotic properties in ARCH(p)-time series

Abstract In this paper we consider the asymptotic distributions of the innovation density estimators in ARCH(p)-time series. We first obtain the asymptotic normality of the innovation density estimator at a fixed point. Globally, we show that the asymptotic distribution of the maximum of a suitably normalized deviation of the innovation density estimator from the expectation of the kernel innovation density (based on the true innovation) is the same as in the case of the one sample set up, which was given by Bickel and Rosenblatt [P.J. Bickel and M. Rosenblatt, On some global measures of the deviations of density function estimators, Ann. Statist. 6 (1973), pp. 1071–1095].
Avoidance and escape responses of the gastropod mollusc Olivella biplicata (Sowerby) to predatory asteroids

The sand-dwelling gastropod Olivella biplicata (Sowerby) gives two chemically-mediated defensive responses to predatory asteroids — an avoidance and an escape response. An avoidance response is triggered by water-borne chemicals diffusing from distant starfish. When snails on the surface of the sand sense a distant predatory starfish, they avoid the predator by burying themselves in the sand. Strong avoidance responses are given to the predatory asteroids Pisaster brevispinus (Stimpson), P. ochraceus (Brandt), and Pycnopodia helianthoides (Brandt). Little or no response is given to the omnivorous asteroid Patiria miniata (Brandt) or to the predatory gastropod Polinices lewisii (Gould). An escape response is given when a snail on the surface is contacted by the starfish Pisaster brevispinus. Upon contact, the snail immediately retracts the propodium, sometimes throwing the metapodium forward at the same time; the snail then turns sharply away from the point of contact, and buries itself. Both avoidance and escape responses can be observed in the field and laboratory.
Detection of Benzo[a]pyrene Metabolites by Laser-Excited Shpol'skii Spectrometry

Chemical carcinogenesis studies mandate isomer-selective detection at ultratrace levels of the metabolites of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). The formation of hydroxy PACs is a key step in the metabolic process, particularly detoxification, for PACs in mammals. The infamous carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and its metabolites are often used as marker compounds to assess human exposure to total PACs and to study the development of cancer. In this work, isomers related to two alternative metabolic pathways for B[a]P have been selectively detected from urine and blood sera samples by laser-excited Shpol'skii spectrometry (LESS). The polar metabolites are derivatized and extracted into the n-alkane Shpol'skii solvent for direct, trace-level, isomer-selective detection. An absolute detection limit for 9-methoxy B[a]P was 50 attomole for a 20μL sample.
Test program for evaluating procedures for the exploitation of literature of interest to metallurgists

The Center for Documentation and Communication Research of Western Reserve University has been actively engaged in the field of information retrieval and machine literature searching since 1955. With financial support provided by the American Society for Metals and the National Science Foundation, procedures have been developed, tested and evaluated for exploiting the literature of interest to metallurgists. As one of a series of reports prepared under grant number NSF-G-10338, this report presents a detailed breakdown of actual costs incurred during 1960 to provide the input for the mechanized searching system established at the Documentation Center. The final figure of $6.50 for each abstract was reached by analyzing the costs and the volume of production for each step in the input process from acquiring the documents for analysis to the final step of putting the encoded abstracts on tape ready for machine searching.
The CONCUR framework forcommunity maintenance of curated resources

The increasing use of computational linguistics for semantic search and discovery tools requires much work on development and maintenance of associated ontologies. Related applications depend upon curated resources like dictionaries, gazetteers, etc. In order to scale these application models and leverage the respective communities of interest, a new set of tools is needed that facilitate community development and extension of these resources while retaining the curatorial model to ensure a reliable, high quality resource. We describe the requirements and principles for such a system, and present the CONCUR framework that addresses these needs. CONCUR defines a reputation model and a set of reusable infrastructure services to maintain the resource. The reputation model combines correctness as well as utility of participants' contributions, tracked over time and by sub-domain within the resource. We describe the architectural issues of the model, potential applications, and continuing research on the model.
Automatic cluster identification for environmental applications using the self-organizing maps and a new genetic algorithm

A rapid increase of environmental data dimensionality emphasizes the importance of developing data-driven inductive approaches to geographic analysis. This article uses a loosely coupled strategy to combine the technique of self-organizing maps (SOM) with a new genetic algorithm (GA) for automatic identification of clusters in multidimensional environmental datasets. In the first stage, we employ the well-known classic SOM because it is able to handle the dimensional interactions and capture the number of clusters via visualization; and thus provide extraordinary insights into original data. In the second stage, this new GA rigorously delineates the cluster boundaries using a flexibly oriented elliptical search window. To test this approach, one synthetic and two real-world datasets are employed. The results confirm a more robust and reliable approach that provides a better understanding and interpretation of massive multivariate environmental datasets, thus maximizing our insights. Other key benefits inc...
A Randomized Trial of Volume-Controlled vs. Time-Cycled, Pressure-Limited Ventilation in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome. † 1592

Fifty preterm infants weighing ≥1200 g at birth with Respiratory Distress Syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation and surfactant therapy and having a compatible chest radiograph were randomly assigned to receive either volume-controlled (VC) or time-cycled, pressure-limited (TCPL) ventilation. Tidal volume was controlled at 5-8 mL/kg in each group, and weaning from mechanical ventilation was done per protocol.. The primary outcome measure was the time to achieve pre-determined success criteria of an AaDO2 ≤100 torr, or a Paw ≤8.0 cm H2O, or extubation if it occurred first.Table
Architecture for increased address space in an ultra-low-power microprocessor

Sensor systems face the conflicting requirements of low power consumption and relatively large storage space. We have implemented a hybrid Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) that maintains the advantages of a 16-bit datapath while increasing the address space from 65 KB to 2 MB by using 24 address bits. The address space is supported by an extended 24-bit program counter and sixteen 24-bit registers. Compared to a hypothetical 16-bit implementation, static power increases by only 3% and measured data indicates that writing an additional 8 bits (with maximum bit-flipping) requires only 0.7% of single-cycle active energy. The active energy used by a 24-bit adder is not significantly higher than a 16-bit adder if the upper bits do not change from cycle to cycle. In addition, a unique combination of addressing modes minimizes code expansion due to the small instruction size.
SU‐GG‐I‐124: The Effect of Oblique X‐Ray Incidence on the Design of X‐Ray Detectors for Digital Tomosynthesis

Purpose: Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is an emerging imaging modality in which tomographic sections of the breast are generated from x‐ray projections taken over a limited range of angles. One drawback of DBT is resolution loss in the oblique projection images. The purpose of this work is to extend Swank's formulation of the transfer functions of x‐ray fluorescent screens to oblique x‐ray incidence. This analysis generates a platform for optimizing the design of detectors used in DBT. Method and Materials: We model a non‐structured turbid granular phosphor such as Gd2O2S:Tb which is commonly used in breast imaging and which can reasonably approximate other detector materials. From first principles, the optical transfer function (OTF), noise power spectra (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) are derived using the diffusion approximation to the Boltzmann transport equation. We use this analysis to investigate the effect of oblique x‐ray incidence on DQE. The DQE is calculated using the Nishikawa formulation, where the DQE is written as the product of the x‐ray quantum detection efficiency (QDE), the Swank information factor, and the Lubberts factor. Results: As expected, the modulation transfer function(MTF) is shown to decrease with increasing projection angle regardless of frequency. By contrast, the dependence of the DQE on projection angle is found to be frequency dependent. At low frequencies DQE increases with projection angle, but at high frequencies DQE decreases with projection angle. Furthermore, the x‐ray QDE yielding maximal DQE at high frequencies is found to be projection angle dependent, shifting to lower QDE values (thinner phosphors) at higher projection angles. Conclusion: This work develops analytical models of OTF, NPS, and DQE for a turbid granular phosphor irradiated at oblique incidence. The models have applications in the design of optimal DBT detectors.
Design and synthesis of conformationally restricted phospholipids as phospholipase a2 inhibitors

The use of conformationally restricted phospholipids 1 and 2 has been employed to understand the conformational preference of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) for substrate phospholipids. Inhibition of porcine pancreatic PLA2 with 1 and 2 indicated a two- to fivefold preference for the distal isomer 2 over the proximal isomer 1. Based upon these studies, both side-chains of the substrate phospholipid appear to occupy the lipid binding domains near the active site with the side-chains further apart most preferred by PLA2.
Papillomavirus E6 Oncoproteins Take Common Structural Approaches to Solve Different Biological Problems.

Papillomaviruses induce benign and malignant epithelial tumors in vertebrates through the action of virally encoded oncoproteins such as E6. Recent studies of human and animal E6 proteins determined the three-dimensional structure of E6 when bound to LXXLL peptides derived from E6-targeted cellular proteins. The interaction between diverse E6 proteins and their different cellular targets has revealed a commonality that is surprising and puzzling. E6 proteins that are divergent in evolution have conserved overall structures that bind to similar cellular peptides; these interactions target strikingly different cellular pathways to facilitate analogous viral replication life cycles.
GH and IGF1: Roles in Energy Metabolism of Long-Living GH Mutant Mice

Of the multiple theories to explain exceptional longevity, the most robust of these has centered on the reduction of three anabolic protein hormones, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor, and insulin. GH mutant mice live 50% longer and exhibit significant differences in several aspects of energy metabolism as compared with wild-type mice. Mitochondrial metabolism is upregulated in the absence of GH, whereas in GH transgenic mice and dwarf mice treated with GH, multiple aspects of these pathways are suppressed. Core body temperature is markedly lower in dwarf mice, yet whole-body metabolism, as measured by indirect calorimetry, is surprisingly higher in Ames dwarf and Ghr–/– mice compared with normal controls. Elevated adiponectin, a key antiinflammatory cytokine, is also very likely to contribute to longevity in these mice. Thus, several important components related to energy metabolism are altered in GH mutant mice, and these differences are likely critical in aging processes and life-span extension.
Computation of bond dissociation energy for sulfides and disulfides with ab initio and density functional theory methods

The geometries and S-H, S-S, and S-C bond dissociation energies for hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen disulfide, methanethiol, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl disulfide were calculated with both ab initio (ROHF and MP2), hybrid (BHandH, BHandHLYP, Becke3LYP and Becke3P86), and nonlocal (BLYP and BP86) density functional theory (DFT) methods. In all studies the 6–31 + G(d) basis set is used. The computed results are compared to the experimentally obtained values, targeting the selection of a suitable ab initio or DFT method for the study of these systems. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mental Health and Psychological Functioning of Dual-Career Families

This article provides a general introduction to the dual-career family and considers factors important to the understanding of the rewards and stresses that characterize personal, marital, and family life. Key issues in the psychosocial development of women and men that are important to understanding dual-career marriages are identified. Life as a dual-career family is then described, and sources of stress and factors that promote effective coping are both considered. Crucial to these considerations are two "meta issues "—concepts of equity and the nature of society. Finally, recommendations are made about what the counseling psychologist can do in the areas of preventive and psychotherapeutic intervention and ongoing research.
The Color Accuracy of the Kubelka-Munk Theory for Various Colorants in Maxillofacial Prosthetic Material

The reflectance model developed by Kubelka and Munk was evaluated for agreement in color prediction of thick pigmented samples and for linearity of optical absorption and scattering coefficients with concentration of colorant in maxillofacial elastomer. The colorants tested were generic opacifiers, dry mineral earth pigments, and fibrous colorants. Significant linear relationships were commonly found between the optical coefficients and the concentration of the colorants. These relationships indicated occasional optical interaction between the colorants and the elastomer. Color differences between theoretical and observed colors of the thick samples averaged 2.96, 3.47, and 1.60 for the opacifiers, mineral earth pigments, and fibrous colorants, respectively, when measured using the CIELAB uniform-color space. The agreement between theoretical and observed colors was significantly closer for the fibrous colorants than for the dry mineral earth pigments of the same labeled color.
From dynamics on surfaces to rational points on curves

has no integer solutions with X,Y, Z ≥ 1. Inspiring generations of work in number theory, its proof was finally achieved by Wiles. A qualitative result, Finite Fermat, was obtained earlier by Faltings; it says the Fermat equation has only a finite number of solutions (for each given n, up to rescaling). This paper is an appreciation of some of the topological intuitions behind number theory. It aims to trace a logical path from the classification of surface diffeomorphisms to the proof of Finite Fermat. The route we take is the following.
Functional and Imaging Outcomes of Arthroscopic Simultaneous Rotator Cuff Repair and Bankart Repair After Shoulder Dislocations

Background:Previous studies have investigated outcomes of simultaneous rotator cuff (RC) repair and superior labral injury repair; however, there is limited information in the literature on outcomes of simultaneous RC repair and Bankart lesion repair after acute shoulder dislocations.Purpose:To determine functional and imaging outcomes of simultaneous arthroscopic RC repair and Bankart repair after acute shoulder dislocations and to compare functional outcomes to contralateral, asymptomatic shoulders.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic simultaneous RC repair and Bankart repair with a minimum of 2 years’ follow-up were recruited. All patients had suffered an acute shoulder dislocation. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Constant-Murley, and Short Form (SF)–36 scores were obtained. The affected shoulder also underwent ultrasound imaging to assess the integrity of the RC.Results:Thirteen patients (mean age, 58.8 ± 11.2 years; m...
Continuous parametric families of stationary and translating periodic point vortex configurations

The number of periodic arrangements of point vortices - point vortex streets - in two-dimensional fluid flow that are stationary is known to be finite for a generic choice of vortex circulations. When all circulations are the same in absolute value, however, stationary vortex street configurations have been associated with the zeros of certain trigonometric polynomials containing free complex parameters. The presence of these parameters may prove useful in constructing point vortex models of shear layers and wakes. In this paper it is shown that such a continuum of stationary configurations exists in a much wider class of point vortex street systems. The circulations may take on many values, not just two, providing increased flexibility in the modelling context. A simple method for computing these configurations is derived. The effects of symmetries on the solution polynomials are described, and illustrated with examples. In addition, novel translating vortex street configurations are found having arbitrary translation velocity and containing free parameters for vortex circulations ±1 and also for vortex circulations +1, -2.
Liver Transplantation in the Neonate and Young Infant

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the indications for liver transplantation in neonates and young infants. 2. Delineate major considerations that affect the timing of liver transplantation in young infants. 3. Characterize major medical complications of liver transplantation in young infants and approaches to their treatment. 4. Describe issues unique to the neonate and young infant that affect successful liver transplantation and approaches taken to address these issues. Prior to 1980, liver transplantation in the pediatric age group was characterized by poor outcomes, with high rates of mortality and complications and poor quality of life for the survivors. With improved surgical techniques and immunosuppressive medications, the average survival rate for children has increased to 85% at 1 year and 77% at 5 years after surgery. In addition, complications have become less frequent and are less severe. Because of these advancements, liver transplantation has become standard therapy for life-threatening liver disease in children. Nonetheless, liver transplantation in neonates and young infants remains challenging due to factors such as paucity of donor organs and technical difficulties related to small body size and small graft size. Recent data from United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) show that although infants younger than 1 year of age comprise a relatively small group of children waiting on the liver transplant list (<10%), they have the longest waiting times and highest mortality rates while awaiting an organ. This review focuses on the indications, timing, and common complications of liver transplantation pertinent to this high-risk population of children as well as a discussion of recent clinical advances that have resulted in improved outcomes. The most common indications for liver transplantation in the pediatric patient are biliary atresia (43%), metabolic liver disease (13%), and fulminant hepatic failure due to acute hepatic necrosis (11%). Other, less common liver diseases …
Engineering allosteric protein switches by domain insertion

Domain insertion is proving to be an effective way to construct hybrid proteins exhibiting switch-like behavior. In this strategy, two existing domains, the first exhibiting a signal recognition function and the second containing the function to be modulated, are fused such that the recognition of the signal by the first domain is transmitted to the second domain, thereby modulating its activity. Recent directed evolution experiments indicate that the structural space comprised of the recombination of unrelated protein domains may be rich in switching behavior, particularly when the circular permutation of domains is also employed. This bodes well for potential basic science, sensing and therapeutic applications of molecular switches.
Ferrofluid flows in AC and traveling wave magnetic fields with effective positive, zero or negative dynamic viscosity

Analysis and measurements have shown anomalous behavior of ferrofluids in AC magnetic fields, whereby in a rotating magnetic field the ferrofluid can be pumped but the flow direction can reverse as a function of magnetic field amplitude, frequency, and direction. This anomalous behavior is investigated using the governing fluid mechanical linear and angular momentum conservation equations including non-symmetric viscous and Maxwell stress tensors. Here we examine a simple case where applied magnetic field components transverse and parallel to the duct axis are spatially uniform and vary sinusoidally with time. The governing equations are numerically integrated to solve for flow and spin velocity distributions. Numerical integrations show the highly non-linear and multi-valued solutions for flow and spin velocities.
Parents' Perceptions of Siblings' Interactions with Their Brothers and Sisters Who are Deaf-Blind

This study surveyed parents' perceptions of relationships between siblings and their brothers and sisters with deaf-blindness. Parents' responses to a questionnaire were used to examine parents' perceptions of the types of interactions and interaction difficulties found between siblings and their brothers and sisters with deaf-blindness. In addition, parents shared their perceptions in the areas of communication, visual and auditory adaptations, orientation and mobility, and inclusion. The data indicate that relationships between siblings in this study consisted of unequal roles between siblings and their brothers and sisters with deaf-blindness, with siblings primarily taking on a helping role. According to parents, unique modifications needed to effectively interact with individuals who are deaf-blind were not typically being implemented by the siblings in this study.
Intrabeam scattering studies at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring Test Accelerator

Intrabeam scattering (IBS) limits the emittance and single-bunch current that can be achieved in electron or positron storage ring colliders, damping rings, and light sources. Much theoretical work on IBS exists, and while the theories have been validated in hadron and ion machines, the presence of strong damping makes IBS in lepton machines a different phenomenon. We present the results of measurements at CesrTA of IBS-dominated beams, and compare the data with theory. The beams we study have parameters typical of those specified for the next generation of wiggler-dominated storage rings: low emittance, small bunch length, and an energy of a few GeV. Our measurements are in good agreement with IBS theory, provided a tail-cut procedure is applied.
Evidence for the Transfer of Rhizobial Metabolites to the Polyploid Nuclei of Young Clover Nodules

Autoradiography was used to provide evidence for the transfer of Rhizobium produced moieties to the host nuclei of young clover nodule cells. Cells of Rhizobium trifolii Dangeard were labeled with 3H-adenine or 4,5-3H-l-leucine and 3,4-3H-l.-proline, washed free of external label, and allowed to nodulate young seedlings of white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. White Dutch). Sections (0.5–1.0 μm) of young nodules up to four days old were autoradiographed using the dipping technique. Grain counts indicated movement of tritium from the leucine-proline labeled rhizobia to the polyploid nuclei of two day old clover nodule cells. Acetylene reduction was not detected until approximately 24 hours after the transfer of tritium was observed. No transfer of tritium was observed with 3H-adenine labeled rhizobia. It is hypothesized that nodulating rhizobia may induce clover nodule cells to initiate leghemoglobin synthesis by the transfer of a bacterially produced inducer.
Chemotaxis on the move - active learning teaching tool.

In Microbiology courses, concepts such as chemotaxis can be difficult to visualize for students. Described here is a short visual playacting activity where students simulate E.coli moving towards an attractant source using a biased random walk. This short interactive activity is performed in the lecture course of General Microbiology that contains mostly Biology major juniors or seniors prior to the lecture on the subject of chemotaxis and flagellar movements. It is utilized to help students (class of 30–40) understand and visualize the process of chemotaxis and the concepts of random walk, biased random walk, runs, tumbles and directed movement of flagella in response to attractants and repellents.
“Lacunarization” of Stroke Prevention Studies

To the Editor: Recent stroke prevention studies that have compared differing antithrombotic regimens have been somewhat disappointing in that the more intense antithrombotic regimen has failed to demonstrate superiority over the more conservative regimen. Although this may reflect the fact that established therapy is difficult to improve on,1 I am concerned that the stroke subtype composition …
Conducting a Double Oral Auction Experiment in a High School Computer Lab: A Pilot Study

A classroom experiment is an effective device to introduce and illustrate new economic concepts. This paper describes the author's experience implementing the classic double oral auction experiment in a high school computer lab, in four classes, with students trading in a virtual market for books, using commercial online software designed for college use. The goal was to run each class through this experiment for five rounds, using a standard lab with no special software, in one class period of 50 minutes. I randomly selected one school experiment, and compared the results with a college class that had done the same experiment, according to three indicators - transactions history, aggregate efficiency, and distribution of excess gain. By the fifth round the school students' performance was comparable to that of college students. I conclude that commercial web-based college level economic experiments offer school teachers a viable way to perform experiments.
Analyses of the differential radiosensitivity of developing reproductive tissues in Habrobracon juglandis (Ashmead) to ionizing radiation.

SummarySignificant developmental stages throughout the life-cycle of the holometabolous and ectoparasitic insect, Habrobracon juglandis (Ashmead) were x-rayed with 300 r increments until sterility was illustrated by adult performance. Because of parthenogenetic male production, attention was focused on females.Cytological examination of ovarioles from adults x-rayed at the different stages gave rise to three conclusions concerning the radiopathology of the reproductive system: (1) regardless of dose, somatic tissues functioned normally to produce four ovariole sheaths; (2) radiation of larvae adversely affected the trophocytes rather than the oocyte itself, apparently the damage is chromosomal; (3) radiation of pupae interfered with egg-nurse syncytia differentiation from oogonia.
The uranium-oxygen system: U3O8UO3

Abstract Preparative methods for five crystalline modifications and an amorphous form of uranium trioxide are described. Some properties of the UO 3 phases are discussed, including the density, crystal structure, heat of solution, thermal stability and infra-red spectrum. Data on the UO 2·9 phase are also given.
Aging Nation: The Economics and Politics of Growing Older in America

As recent reports indicate that, in about 7 years, Social Security will start paying out more in benefits than it collects in taxes (Horsely, 2009), the paperback release of 2006's Aging Nation is ...
Assessing the frequency and consequences of Salmonella enteritidis deposition on the egg yolk membrane.

Abstract The site of deposition of Salmonella enteritidis in eggs could influence the extent to which this pathogen multiplies before refrigeration achieves growth-inhibiting internal temperatures. The first part of this study sought to determine whether S. enteritidis inoculated onto the exterior (vitelline) membrane surface of egg yolks was able to penetrate into and multiply within the yolk contents. When 102 cfu of S. enteritidis was inoculated onto the exterior surface of intact egg yolks, multiplication within the interior yolk contents occurred in 10% of samples after 6 h of incubation and in 75% of samples after 24 h at 25 C (reaching mean levels of about 104 cfu/mL) but in only 20% of samples incubated for 72 h at 15 C. The second part of this study applied an oral infection model in laying hens to establish the relative proportions of contaminated eggs in which S. enteritidis deposition was associated with the yolk membrane or was found inside the yolk contents. Although approximately 4.3% of egg yolks were positive for S. enteritidis when both yolk contents and membranes were sampled, only about 0.5% of samples of yolk contents (without membranes) were positive. Although deposition of S. enteritidis within egg yolks appears to occur infrequently, rapid refrigeration of eggs is necessary to prevent the penetration of S. enteritidis into and multiplication within egg yolks.
Surface Interrogation of CoPi Water Oxidation Catalyst by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Despite exhaustive spectroscopic investigations on the CoPi oxygen-evolving catalyst over the past several years, little is known about the surface cobalt sites and intermediates in direct contact with water that are responsible for the actual catalysis. Many studies thus far have been limited to ex situ characterizations or bulk film measurements, often in the absence of solvent. Here we describe an investigation of the CoPi catalyst by surface interrogation scanning electrochemical microscopy (SI-SECM). This method should allow us to selectively study surface atoms separately from the bulk in a solvent-filled environment. By SI-SECM, independent titrations of surface CoIII and CoIV were performed, yielding a direct measurement of the surface active-site density of a CoPi electrode (11 Co/nm2). The pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants of CoIII and CoIV with water were determined to be 0.19 and >2 s–1, respectively, through time-dependent titration measurements.
Abstract B29: MDM4 is a major p53 regulator in hepatoblastoma

Purpose: Unresectable or metastatic hepatoblastoma generally confers a poor survival. MDM4 and MDM2 are the major negative regulators of p53, which has a predominantly wild type status in hepatoblastoma. Having previously shown that MDM4 has copy gain/amplification associated with the 1q32.1 amplicon in hepatoblastoma, we hypothesize that MDM4 is the predominant negative regulator of p53 function in hepatoblastoma and that blocking MDM4 will cause tumor cell death due to uninhibited p53 tumor suppressor activity. Methods: An MTT assay was used to measure NSC207895 (MDM4 inhibitor) and Nutlin-3a (MDM2 inhibitor) cytotoxicity on hepatoblastoma cell lines (HepG2, HepT1, and Huh-6) as well as a patient-derived hepatoblastoma cell line (PDCL-1). CCK-8 was used to assess effects of low dose NSC207895 on HB cell line proliferation. Soft agar was used to assess the effect of NSC207895 on hepatoblastoma colony formation. Immunoblotting and quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure expression of p53 downstream targets in hepatoblastoma after treatment with NSC207895. P53 knockdowns were created to assess the effect of NSC207895 in hepatoblastoma in the absence of p53. Cell cycle analysis was performed using BRDU. Results: Huh-6, HepG2, and HepT1 were all tested with Nutlin-3a and did not show significant cell death (IC50 >10μΜ) inhibition with NSC207895 caused significant cell death in Huh-6 (IC50=1.27μΜ), HepG2 (1.62μΜ), and HepT1 (2.05μΜ). A decrease in cell proliferation was noted with concentrations of NSC207895 as low as 0.05μΜ, 0.1μΜ and 0.3μΜ in HepG2, HepT1, and Huh-6 respectively. An increase in IC50 was seen in the p53 knockdowns compared to each respective control (HepG2: 12.6μΜ vs 3.38μΜ; HepT1: >50μΜ vs 1.45μΜ; Huh-6: 20.2μΜ vs 7.52μΜ). Increased PARP cleavage products and decreased MDM4 expression were seen on immunoblotting after treatment with NSC207895. By both immunoblotting and qPCR, the p53 downstream transcriptional targets, p21, BAX and PUMA, were increased after exposure to NSC207895 in all three cell lines. Cell cycle analysis showed an increased percentage of cells in G1/G0-phase and decreased percentage of actively replicating S-phase cells in HepG2 with NSC207895 treatment. Conclusion: Our data supports the hypothesis that in hepatoblastoma, MDM4 may be a dominant inhibitor of p53 and inhibition of MDM4 causes p53-mediated cell death and growth inhibition. Therefore, inhibition of MDM4 may be a viable drug target for treating hepatoblastoma. Citation Format: Yan Shi, Roma Patel, Emporia Hollingsworth, Stephen Sarabia, Jingling Jin, Dolores Lopez-Terrada, Sanjeev Vasudevan. MDM4 is a major p53 regulator in hepatoblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr B29.
Effect of occupational noise on health of workers in a machinery processing enterprise

[Objective]To understand the distribution of the occupational noises in a machinery processing enterprise,and the impact of the noises on the cardiovascular system and the hearing of workers.[Methods]A machinery processing enterprise was selected for noise intensity measurement in workplace.The workers exposed to noises were recruited as the investigation group,the administrative support staff without noises as the control group.Hearing,blood pressure,ECG and symptom inquiries were carried out for both 2 groups,the results were statistically analyzed.[Results]The over standard rate of occupational noises in the workplace of the enterprise was 59.09%.The abnormality rate of the blood pressure and the ECG was 8.91% and 11.88% respectively.The hearing loss percent was 22.03%.In contrast with the control group,the difference was significant(P 0.05) and there was dose response connection.[Conclusion]The impact of the noise on the workers in machinery processing enterprise is serious.The noise hurts the cardiovascular system and the nervous system.This enterprise shall strengthen the health protection,individual protection and occupational health surveillance in the workplace.
The Case for Public Power

The following letter, setting forth the views of the Atomic Power Policy Committee of the American Public Power Association, was sent to the Chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission on April 19. The Committee is headed by Samuel B. Morris of Los Angeles.
Detecting cancer: Pearls for the primary care physician

Five-year survival rates have improved over the past 40 years for nearly all types of cancer, partially thanks to early detection and prevention. Since patients typically present to their primary care physician with initial symptoms, it is vital for primary care physicians to accurately diagnose common cancers and to recognize unusual presentations of highly curable cancers such as Hodgkin lymphoma and testicular cancers, for which the 5-year overall survival rates are greater than 85%. This paper reviews these cancers and provides clinically relevant pearls from an oncologic perspective for physicians who are the first point of contact.
Lipoprotein(a) Mass Levels Increase Significantly According to APOE Genotype: An Analysis of 431 239 Patients.

Objective—Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels are genetically determined by hepatocyte apolipoprotein(a) synthesis, but catabolic pathways also influence circulating levels. APOE genotypes have different...
Sociological Evidence in Human Factors-Related Litigation

Human factors (HF) involves acquiring knowledge about human capacity, applying these findings to technological systems and services, and making sure that ergonomic principles are followed. Sociological data can improve equipment design, task design, environmental design, the training of employees, and the selection of applicants. Social and behavioral studies can assist policy makers and legislators in the development of public safety-related policies and laws. In this chapter, the author analyzes some historical developments in the sociological aspects of the HF field, reviews research in the above areas, and presents several case composite studies to demonstrate the ways in which sociologists can serve as expert witnesses in HF-related litigation.
Intermediate-Term Memory as a Bridge between Working and Long-Term Memory.

Working memory is the ability to maintain information in an active and readily available state for short periods of time. It is a key component of many cognitive processes, including inference, decision-making, mental calculations, and awareness. One of the dominant models of working memory postulates that memoranda are stored through persistent neuronal activity (Goldman-Rakic, 1995). This model is supported by numerous single-neuron recordings from different brain areas in animals using a variety of paradigms (Constantinidis et al., 2001; Warden and Miller, 2010). Recently, we have corroborated this hypothesis in humans at the single-neuron level (Kaminski et al., 2017). However, results from other studies have led to the proposition of alternative models of working memory. Recently, Lundqvist et al. (2016) recorded local field potentials and single neurons in the prefrontal cortex of macaque monkeys performing a working memory task and found that information in working memory could be maintained through neuronal activity linked to discrete bursts of gamma oscillations. Additionally, Stokes et al. (2013) in another macaque study did not observe stimulus-specific persistent activity in their recordings, and instead suggested that working memory was encoded through complex neuronal dynamics. This led to the proposition that synaptic changes, which are not visible in single-neuron recordings, may represent content held in working memory (the “activity-silent working memory” hypothesis; Stokes, 2015).
Relationships Matter: Enhancing Trainee Development with a (Simple) Clerkship Curriculum Reform.

Problem: The traditional clerkship model of brief encounters between faculty and students results in reduced meaningful learning opportunities due to the lack of a relationship that enables repeate...
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN WORKPLACE STRESS AND CAREGIVER STRAIN IN FULL-TIME EMPLOYED CAREGIVERS

According to the 2015 AARP and National Alliance for Caregiving report, Caregiving in the U.S., 60% of family caregivers in the United States are involved in the dual roles of caregiving and working. It is important to determine whether workplace impacts, and factors such as workplace and other supports are predictors of overall emotional, physical, and financial caregiving strain. Guided by the caregiving stress process and role conflict theory, the current study used hierarchical regression analyses to determine whether caregiver reports of impacts of caregiving in the workplace were associated with caregiver physical, emotional, and financial strain after accounting for the primary stressors of ADL/IADL assistance and hours of care provided. We also examined both workplace and informal support as potential resources that might attenuate the effects of primary stressors and workplace impacts on emotional, physical, and financial caregiving strain. Participants included 436 employed caregivers of adults ages 50 and above from the 2015 AARP and National Alliance for Caregiving population-based study, Caregiving in the United States. Regression analyses showed that caregiver reports of higher negative workplace impacts of caregiving were associated with greater emotional and financial strain, even after controlling for primary caregiving stressors. Among other findings, caregivers who reported disclosing their caregiving duties to supervisors reported higher levels of emotional strain. Results suggest the importance of workplace strain in the stress process and suggest that some workplaces may be unsympathetic to the challenges of impaired caregivers.
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Differentially Regulate Intraocular Pressure.

Purpose It has been known for nearly 50 years that cannabis and the psychoactive constituent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP remains the chief hallmark and therapeutic target for glaucoma, a major cause of blindness. THC likely acts via one of the known cannabinoid-related receptors (CB1, CB2, GPR18, GPR119, GPR55) but this has never been determined explicitly. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a second major constituent of cannabis that has been found to be without effect on IOP in most studies. Methods Effects of topically applied THC and CBD were tested in living mice by using tonometry and measurements of mRNA levels. In addition the lipidomic consequences of CBD treatment were tested by using lipid analysis. Results We now report that a single topical application of THC lowered IOP substantially (∼28%) for 8 hours in male mice. This effect is due to combined activation of CB1 and GPR18 receptors each of which has been shown to lower ocular pressure when activated. We also found that the effect was sex-dependent, being stronger in male mice, and that mRNA levels of CB1 and GPR18 were higher in males. Far from inactive, CBD was found to have two opposing effects on ocular pressure, one of which involved antagonism of tonic signaling. CBD prevents THC from lowering ocular pressure. Conclusions We conclude that THC lowers IOP by activating two receptors-CB1 and GPR18-but in a sex-dependent manner. CBD, contrary to expectation, has two opposing effects on IOP and can interfere with the effects of THC.
David Oliver: The drama of navigating social care

Jimmy McGovern’s recent BBC One drama Care was watched by millions and much commented on by the media.12 The show hit a nerve with viewers and reviewers who’d faced similar issues in their own lives.345 Alison Steadman played Mary, a mother disabled by a stroke and vascular dementia. Sheridan Smith played Mary’s daughter Jenny, a woman with work and childcare responsibilities of her own, who was battling to get her mother the care she deserved. In doing so, Jenny faced a disjointed, bureaucratic, short staffed, and sometimes seemingly uncaring system. The drama had a happy ending of sorts: NHS continuing care was agreed and free to access, and …
Sport-Related Structural Brain Injury in High School Soccer: Epidural Hemorrhage After a "Header".

Background Sports-related structural brain injury (SRSBI) is a rare, but potentially catastrophic, injury. Limited data exist outlining its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes. We have presented a case of an epidural hematoma (EDH) that occurred during a high school soccer game. Case Description A 16-year-old boy had experienced a head-to-ball collision and head-to-head collision with another player. He denied loss of consciousness, endorsed retrograde amnesia, and complained of a minor headache. On the sidelines, he subsequently passed brief orientation and physical exertion tests. However, on returning to play, he experienced blurry vision, along with headache and nausea/vomiting. At the local hospital, he was found to have a 2.6-cm right frontal EDH. After transfer to our institution, increasing somnolence was noted, prompting emergent evacuation of the EDH. His postoperative course was unremarkable, and he was discharged on postoperative day 2. At the 2-week and 3-month follow-up visits, he did not express any complaints or residual deficits and was cleared for full sporting activity. Conclusions The present case highlights one of the few SRSBIs that have occurred in soccer. Because of their rarity and severity, a concerted effort should be made to report these cases of SRSBIs regarding the mechanism, postcollision symptoms, and long-term outcomes.