cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetostructural Transition Kinetics in Shocked Iron

A generalized Heisenberg model is implemented to study the effect of thermal magnetic disorder on kinetics of the Fe α-e transition. The barrier to bulk martensitic displacement remains large in α-Fe shocked well past the phase line but is much reduced in the [001] α-e boundary. The first result is consistent with observed overdriving to metastable α, while the second suggests structural instability, as implied by observation of a [001] shock transformation front without plastic relaxation. Reconciling both behaviors may require concurrent treatment of magnetic and structural order.
Improving energy efficiency and security for pervasive computing systems

Pervasive computing systems are comprised of various personal mobile devices connected by the wireless networks. Pervasive computing systems have gained soaring popularity because of the rapid proliferation of the personal mobile devices. The number of personal mobile devices increased steeply over years and will surpass world population by 2016. However, the fast development of pervasive computing systems is facing two critical issues, energy efficiency and security assurance. Power consumption of personal mobile devices keeps increasing while the battery capacity has been hardly improved over years. At the same time, a lot of private information is stored on and transmitted from personal mobile devices, which are operating in very risky environment. As such, these devices became favorite targets of malicious attacks. Without proper solutions to address these two challenging problems, concerns will keep rising and slow down the advancement of pervasive computing systems. We select smartphones as the representative devices in our energy study because they are popular in pervasive computing systems and their energy problem concerns users the most in comparison with other devices. We start with the analysis of the power usage pattern of internal system activities, and then identify energy bugs for improving energy efficiency. We also investigate into the external communication methods employed on smartphones, such as cellular networks and wireless LANs, to reduce energy overhead on transmissions. As to security, we focus on implantable medical devices (IMDs) that are specialized for medical purposes. Malicious attacks on IMDs may lead to serious damages both in the cyber and physical worlds. Unlike smartphones, simply borrowing existing security solutions does not work on IMDs because of their limited resources and high requirement of accessibility. Thus, we introduce an external device to serve as the security proxy for IMDs and ensure that IMDs remain accessible to save patients' lives in certain emergency situations when security credentials are not available.
Control of Terpenoid Metabolism in the Potato Phytophthora infestans Interaction.

Inoculation of tubers with fungi non-pathogenic to potato suppresses glycoalkaloid accumulation and elicits accumulation of norsequi and sesquiterpenoids. Inoculation with compatible races of the pathogen Phytophthora infestans suppresses accumulation of terpenoids. Suppressors and elicitors of terpenoid accumulation were isolated from P. infestans . Specificity in the P. infestans - potato interaction appears controlled by suppressors (17-23 glucose units linked β1 → 3. β1 → 6). Ethylene, temperature and aging also markedly influence terpeuoid accumulation.
The Arc Rampant in 1673: Abraham Bosse, François Blondel, Philippe de la Hire, and conic sections

An arc rampant is an arc of a conic section determined by tangents at two given endpoints and by an additional tangent line. In Resolution des quatres principaux problemes d’architecture, 1673, Francois Blondel (1618 - 1686) addressed the construction of an arc rampant; he included, perhaps for the first time in print, justification of Pappus’s Book VIII Prop14. Independently, Philippe de la Hire (1640 - 1718) took up the problem in a short work of 1672, and incorporated it into works of projective geometry of 1673 and 1685. For both, the problem was suggested by Abraham Bosse, engraver and collaborator of Girard Desargues. Both showed that the construction involved harmonic conjugates, and both used, for the first time, the term “harmonic.”
Backpropagation neural networks

Abstract Wythoff, B.J., 1993. Backpropagation neural networks. A tutorial. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 18: 115–155. Artificial neural networks have enjoyed explosive growth in the past ten years. An indication of the rate of growth of research in this area is the fact that, although the first research journal devoted exclusively to this subject was just introduced in 1987, there are now at least five refereed neural net research journals. These developments are being taken seriously by the semiconductor industry as well: in addition to a host of products developed by smaller firms, Intel, AT & T Bell Labs, Motorola and Hitachi have all introduced silicon implementations of neural network algorithms. Neural networks have a very broad scope of potential application, including many tasks central to chemical research and development. This tutorial begins with a short history of neural network research, and a review of chemical applications. The bulk, however, is devoted to providing a clear and detailed introduction to the theory behind backpropagation neural networks, along with a discussion of practical issues facing developers.
Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndromes

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS) accounts for 16–31 % of all Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions and a mortality of 15 % if left untreated. The symptoms of alcohol withdrawal can be divided into three broad categories: CNS excitation, autonomic hyperactivity, and psychosis. If left untreated, it may progress to delirium tremens (DTs) in 3–5 % cases (Schuckit, N Engl J Med, 371(22):2109–2113, 2014; Young et al., Ann Emerg Med, 16(8):847–850, 1987). The management of alcohol withdrawal is directed towards alleviating symptoms of withdrawal and avoiding its progression into seizures or DTs. Current management is centered on the administration of benzodiazepines in symptom-triggered escalating dose strategy. Barbiturates can be administered together with benzodiazepines or as monotherapy for the treatment of AWS. Other medications, like propofol, dexmedetomidine, clonidine, or haloperidol have been used successfully as adjuvant therapy to ameliorate AWS symptoms.
Photoredox-Initiated Radical Cascades Enabling Collective Synthesis of 33 Natural Products

In this issue of Chem , Qin and coworkers report a tour-de-force effort that leverages a photoredox approach for the generation of N-centered radicals from N–H bonds into the total synthesis of 33 natural products across four different indole alkaloid families.
Stereochemistry and reactivity of the HPA-imine Mannich intermediate

Homophthalic anhydride (HPA) typically reacts rapidly with benzalimines to afford the formal [4+2] adduct, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-one-4-carboxylic acid. The stereochemical outcome of this reaction is consistent with an open transition state comprising an iminium species and enolized HPA, leading to a short-lived amino-anhydride intermediate. In the case of N-tert-butylbenzalimine, this Mannich-type intermediate, which would normally cyclize at low temperature to a single isomer of the delta-lactam, is intercepted by base treatment to afford beta-lactam products. A pathway featuring ketene formation followed by ring closure is implicated.
Probing the Interplay between Amorphous Solid Dispersion Stability and Polymer Functionality.

Amorphous solid dispersions containing a polymeric component often impart improved stability against crystallization for a small molecule relative to the pure amorphous form. However, the relationship between side chain functionalities on a polymer and the ability of a polymer to stabilize against crystallization is not well understood. To shed light on this relationship, a series of polymers were functionalized from a parent batch of poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-styrene) to investigate the effect of functionality on the stability in amorphous solid dispersions without altering the physical parameters of polymers, such as the average molecular weight or backbone chain chemistry. The kinetics of the crystallization of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug nabumetone from amorphous solid dispersions containing each functionalized polymer were interpreted on the basis of two interactions: hydrogen bonding between the drug and the polymer and the solubility of the polymer in the amorphous drug. It was found ...
A moral framework for multicultural education in healthcare.

The goal of this paper is two-fold. First, I begin by reviewing several of themajor points of emphasis among health educatorsas they begin to incorporate multiculturalissues into healthcare education. I thenconsider the role of moral relativism, which iscurrently being endorsed by some healtheducators, as the foundation for resolvingcross-cultural conflicts in healthcare. Iargue that moral relativism is ultimatelyinconsistent with the stated goals inmulticultural curricular proposals and fails toprovide an effective framework for consideringmoral conflicts in cross-cultural settings. Instead, I propose that those methods seekingto establish a common morality, built uponmutually shared values, offer the mostpromising means of resolving cross-culturalconflicts. This leads to my second goal, tocompare recent work in moral pragmatism withwhat is now widely known in bioethics as moral``principlism.'' I argue that while proponentsof principlism and pragmatism each seek toestablish a common foundation for moraldeliberation, they fail to appreciatesignificant similarities between theirrespective approaches. Instead of offeringtwo completely unique and independent methodsof moral deliberation, I suggest thatprinciplism and pragmatism embrace commonthemes that point us in a positive direction,providing an effective framework useful forconsidering cross-cultural conflicts inhealthcare.
APL2-Ausdrücke und -Anweisungen

In der Zeit, wahrend der Benutzer definierte Funktionen (Programme) oder Operatoren mit Hilfe eines Editors bearbeitet, befindet sich das APL2-System im Definitionszustand (S. 195). Im Gegensatz dazu bezeichnet man den Normalzustand des Systems als Ausfuhrungszustand.
The First Modern Clash Over Federal Power: Wilson Versus Hughes in the Presidential Election of 1916. By Lewis L. Gould. (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2016. Pp. xiv, 178. $34.95.)

This author's account is informed by extensive primary research in the papers of statesmen, political operatives, and reporters. It is deepened by use of secondary literature ranging from classic a...
Putnam’s Constructivization Argument

We revisit Putnam’s constructivization argument from his Models and Reality, part of his model-theoretic argument against metaphysical realism. We set out how it was initially put, the commentary and criticisms, and how it can be specifically seen and cast, respecting its underlying logic and in light of Putnam’s contributions to mathematical logic.
Rainbow IMRT and Volumetric Imaging for Anterior Mesenteric Targets.

Abstract Mesenteric masses can considerably shift positions between fractions of radiation therapy (RT). With image-guided RT, we can adapt our treatment delivery daily to target the mass while avoiding surrounding structures. We report the case of a highly-mobile mesenteric mass which required adaptive planning from a traditional “butterfly” intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan to an anterior “rainbow” beam arrangement to permit shifting of the isocenter without compromising target coverage or increasing dose to organs-at-risk.
Entropy generation and unsteady Casson fluid flow squeezing between two parallel plates subject to Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux

The present article explores the entropy generation on two-dimensional unsteady Casson fluid flow squeezing between two parallel plates. Instead of Fourier’s and Fick’s laws, Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux is adopted. Suitable similarity transformation leads the system of partial differential equations to a set of ordinary differential equations. The resulting system of nonlinear boundary value problems is solved through the shooting method. The MATLAB built-in function bvp4c has been used to verify and strengthen the results obtained from the shooting method. Graphs and tables show the impact of developing parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration. Skin friction and Sherwood number have been numerically analyzed via tables. A comparison has been presented with the already published results. The computation results reveal that in the region $0\leq\eta\leq 0.3$ the velocity profile has decreasing behavior and increases in the region $0.3\leq\eta\leq 0.7$ , as the Casson fluid parameter increases. Increasing values of the Brinkman and Reynolds number yields that the entropy generation profile increases.
Prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in relation to autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.

Background:Exposure to endocrine disruptors is unavoidable. Many such compounds are suspected to impact neurologic development of children, but most studies conducted have considered effects of individual chemicals in isolation. Because exposures co-occur, it is important to consider their health im
Defining the role of adjuvant radiotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma: a propensity-matched landmark analysis of the National Cancer Database

Background: Multimodality therapy may prolong survival among resectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). However, the role of adjuvant radiation remains controversial. We explored a large nationwide database to determine whether adjuvant radiation is associated with improved survival. Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried to identify patients with MPM who received cancer-directed surgery between 2004–2013. Adjuvant radiation included intensity modulated radiation therapy or conformal 3D radiation. Propensity matching was performed with a 150-day landmark to address survivorship bias. Cox regression was used with an interaction term between pathologic stage and radiation. Results: A total of 2,846 patients were identified as having undergone cancer-directed surgery for MPM; among whom 213 (7%) received adjuvant radiation. Adjuvant radiation was associated with improved survival among those who were stage I–II (P=0.024), but not stage III or IV (P=0.890 and P=0.183, respectively). After propensity matching, adjuvant radiation was associated with improved survival for those who were stage I–II [hazard ratio (HR) 0.52, P=0.035], whereas no similar effect was observed for those who were stage III or IV (P=0.190 and P=0.562, respectively). Multivariable regression revealed that sarcomatoid histology (HR 1.80, P=0.018) and stage IV disease (HR 1.65, P=0.033) were also associated with worse survival. Conclusions: Adjuvant radiation was associated with improved survival among those with pathologic stage I–II MPM. No survival advantage was observed for those with pathologic stage III or stage IV MPM, however. Our results justify the need for further prospective trials to investigate the utility of adjuvant radiotherapy among those with MPM.
The Influence of D.H. Lawrence on John Fowles’s Early Fiction: Blood Consciousness, Women, and Heraclitus

SummaryThis interdisciplinary analysis considers the influence of D.H. Lawrence on John Fowles’s early novels (The Magus and The Collector), with particular emphasis on the parallels between the wr...
Reaching Rural Residents to Identify Colorectal Cancer Education and Intervention Targets

Disparities in cancer screening and care in rural communities warrant the need to determine effective ways to reach, engage, and educate the community residents. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to pilot methods to engage rural residents in colorectal cancer (CRC) research and education activities and assess knowledge of CRC guidelines, symptoms, and screening behaviors in this sample. The community-engaged research approach was employed to develop and distribute a CRC knowledge and screening behavior assessment using various methods such as email and community drop boxes placed throughout the community. Bivariate analysis assessed the relationship between age and CRC knowledge items. Three hundred ninety-one surveys were returned with most received from community drop boxes (60%) followed by educational events (23%). The most ineffective method to distribute surveys was through community events. Most individuals were knowledgeable of CRC symptoms (70%) and screening facts (67%). Bivariate analysis showed that individuals 50 years or older had significantly more knowledge of CRC risks and screening than those under the age of 50. This study highlights the potential of community drop boxes as an effective method for engaging rural communities. Further, findings from the survey highlight the need to focus CRC education on younger individuals in which CRC incidence has increased.
Cortical bone trajectory instrumentation provides favorable perioperative outcomes compared to pedicle screws for single-level lumbar spinal stenosis and degenerative spondylolisthesis

Abstract Objective To compare perioperative outcomes between cortical bone trajectory (CBT) instrumentation with pedicle screws (PS) in patients undergoing laminectomy and posterolateral fusion for single-level lumbar spinal stenosis, and degenerative grade I spondylolisthesis. Methods A consecutive series of 91 patients from a single institution between January 2017 and July 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Patients in CBT group had significantly shorter operative time, lower blood loss and shorter length of stay. Conclusion CBT instrumentation demonstrated favorable perioperative outcomes that may enhance the overall value in patients undergoing laminectomy and posterolateral fusion for single-level lumbar spinal stenosis, and degenerative grade I spondylolisthesis.
Impossibilities for strategy-proof committee selection mechanisms with vetoers

Abstract When a group of voters selects a committee out of a set of candidates, it is common and often desirable to endow these voters with some veto power. I present impossibility results showing that even limited veto power makes many mechanisms of interest manipulable. This applies in particular (i) to mechanisms the range of which contains a degenerate lottery in which a committee is chosen for sure and (ii) to mechanisms that are constructed from extensive game forms with a finite number of strategies. These impossibilities hold on a large set of domains including the domain of additive preferences, and even when probabilistic mechanisms are allowed and voters can report cardinal preferences.
High numerical aperture large field-of-view metalens imaging

Designing a metalens to achieve high resolution, large field-of-view imaging is challenging due to the geometrical aberration of metalens. Here, we report a new approach to tackle this challenge. We first optimize the phase profile of the metalens to balance the focusing ability for light incidences of different angles. While the image suffers some resolution loss due to a small degradation of on-axis focus performance, the field-of-view is significantly increased. We then use a deconvolution method to computationally recover the high-resolution image. Using this hybrid approach, we achieve high quality, high resolution, large field-of-view metalens imaging.
Commercial porcine gastric mucin contributes to variation in production of small molecule virulence factors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa when cultured in different formulations of artificial sputum medium

ABSTRACT Site-specific in vitro culture media are being developed to investigate microbial pathogenicity and ecology in nutrient environments that are more reflective of disease. For microbial ecology research in cystic fibrosis (CF), different artificial sputum media (ASM) formulations have been created to recapitulate the nutrient availability of the CF lung environment. However, these ASM formulations vary in concentration of amino acids, mucin, and other niche-specific compounds. Here, we measured the differential production of small molecule virulence factors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the predominant pathogen in CF pulmonary infections, cultured in nine different ASM formulations via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and molecular networking. We show that different ASM formulations lead to different phenotypes and metabolic profiles of P. aeruginosa and commercial porcine gastric mucin (PGM) contains a myriad of contaminants, including iron, which affect P. aeruginosa physiology. IMPORTANCE Different media formulations aiming to replicate in vivo infection environments contain different nutrients, which affects interpretation of experimental results. Inclusion of undefined components, such as commercial porcine gastric mucin (PGM), in an otherwise chemically defined medium can alter the nutrient content of the medium in unexpected ways and influence experimental outcomes.
Nutrition and Feedlot Health

The treatment was successful, but the animal starved. This may be an extreme example but, in ruminants, one cannot divorce nutrition from therapy in sick animals. It might be useful to briefly review the chain of events which are nutritionally related to an infectious disease resulting in fever. Fever can be defined as any condition of positive heat balance not due solely to food, exercise or environment. From a nutritional point of view, the important item is the increase in basal metabolism. Since the velocity of biochemical reactions follows van Hoff’s law, basal metabolism should increase 10 to 20% per 1°C in body temperature. If so, then the use of nutrients for basal metabolism can easily double in a very sick animal. Since high fevers are usually accompanied by a decline or loss of appetite, the rapid decline in body stores is easily understood.
Two Day Low Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test

This test is performed to assess suppressibility of cortisol in patients with an equivocal screening test such as overnight d1-mg examethasone (dex) suppression test, 24 h urinary free cortisol, and/or late night salivary cortisol.
Articulatory Constraints on the Cognitive Representation of Speech

Publisher Summary The investigation of the effects of sound change on speech must start with knowledge of all the other influences on speech for example vocal tract mechanics, feedback and so on. Although it cannot be said that all aspects of speech can be properly accounted for, i.e., attributed to the lexical representation, to vocal tract or neuromuscular constraints, to feedback or feedforward. Through sound change, any downstream activity - the creakings of the encoding machinery -, that can be detected by the listener may get fixed in his lexicon. Looking at sound patterns cross-linguistically it is difficult to escape the conclusion that this is exactly what has happened to all human languages. The reason is that the Moriarty figure, the lexicon, keeps getting replaced in generation after generation by a new Moriarty and each new one gets his information only through the agents of the previous one, not directly from the boss himself. Over the centuries then, it is inevitable that the information possessed by these Moriartys should bear the imprint of the agents as much as that of the boss.
U.S. Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Policy Reactions (A)

In March 2009, the U.S. economy was in a severe recession not seen since the Great Depression after the subprime mortgage crisis had spiraled out of control. The situation had dramatically changed in one year since the Federal Reserve Board had helped to bailout investment bank Bear Stearns. Deflation, not inflation, had become a top concern. Interest rates were near zero percent. Five million jobs had been lost. The new Barack Obama administration had pushed forward with a $787 billion stimulus package, coupled with various programs to address the frozen credit markets and depressed investors' confidence. Yet the burning question in every policymakers' mind was -- how effective would the various plans work to revive the U.S. economy?
An integrated virtual environment system

Virtual environment research involves a number of related problems from a variety of domains. A joint research at the George Washington University and the Naval Research Laboratory is bringing together issues from these domains to study the factors that contribute to an integrated virtual environment. The research can be divided into three general categories: human factors, motion control, and sound synchronization. Human factors issues involve the development of new paradigms for movement and navigation, essential for performance of general tasks in virtual spaces. Novel approaches to motion control are being explored to help users of virtual environments interact and control virtual objects. This involves both interactive control as well as automation through evolutionary approaches. The sounds being generated as a result of these motions are modeled with compositional techniques to parameterize and synchronize them to the events in the environment. The research is being approached from both a fundamental point of view typical of an academic environment as well as from an application oriented point of view of interest to the Navy. The cooperative relationship has benefited both the George Washington University and the Naval Research Laboratory.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a desorption mass spectrometry (MS) technique, and is widely used in industry and research. SIMS can be employed to obtain high-resolution 2-D and 3-D mass spectrometric images, and accurate atomic and molecular distributions as a function of depth in samples (‘depth profiles’). This article reviews the basic principles, instrumentation (ion beam sources and mass analyzers), and data analysis techniques used in SIMS. Finally, there is a brief discussion of the latest advances (2009) in SIMS – 3-D mass spectrometric imaging and the development of MS/MS SIMS instruments.
Are Analysts Over-Optimistic Around Seasoned Equity Offerings

We examine analysts' earnings forecast behavior around SEOs. We document that equity issuers are among the high growth IBES firms that typically have much higher forecast errors. Adjusting for this bias we find that earnings per share forecasts around equity offerings are not more favorable than forecasts for other high growth firms. Further, analysts forecasts of issuers' long run growth prospects around the SEOs are not more favorable than those of other high growth firms. This suggests that abnormal forecasts observed around equity issuance, for either short run or long run forecasts, is not unique but is instead a phenomenon that is common to high growth firms. They are not consistent with the hypothesis that equity offerings coincide with a period of overly favorable earnings expectations. We also find that firm management increases in discretionary reported earnings around SEOs, which are viewed as a proxy for earnings manipulation, do not have a significant effect on earnings forecasts. These results are consistent with analysts and their investment banks behaving credibly around SEOs. The results do not agree with the notions that management has foresight of investors' irrationally optimistic earnings expectations when their firm issues equity, and that they can influence those expectations through inflating non-cash components of reported earnings.
Development of a full‐length human protein production pipeline

There are many proteomic applications that require large collections of purified protein, but parallel production of large numbers of different proteins remains a very challenging task. To help meet the needs of the scientific community, we have developed a human protein production pipeline. Using high-throughput (HT) methods, we transferred the genes of 31 full-length proteins into three expression vectors, and expressed the collection as N-terminal HaloTag fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and two commercial cell-free (CF) systems, wheat germ extract (WGE) and HeLa cell extract (HCE). Expression was assessed by labeling the fusion proteins specifically and covalently with a fluorescent HaloTag ligand and detecting its fluorescence on a LabChip(®) GX microfluidic capillary gel electrophoresis instrument. This automated, HT assay provided both qualitative and quantitative assessment of recombinant protein. E. coli was only capable of expressing 20% of the test collection in the supernatant fraction with ≥20 μg yields, whereas CF systems had ≥83% success rates. We purified expressed proteins using an automated HaloTag purification method. We purified 20, 33, and 42% of the test collection from E. coli, WGE, and HCE, respectively, with yields ≥1 μg and ≥90% purity. Based on these observations, we have developed a triage strategy for producing full-length human proteins in these three expression systems.
Using interactive videodisc to test advanced airway management skills.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of the Actronics Interactive Learning System to teach the psychomotor skills of advanced airway management compared to the traditional method of lecture/demonstration. METHODS The study was a nonrandomized, nonequivalent comparison group design of a convenience sample of 86 American Heart Association (AHA), advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) students, who obtained instruction in airway management by the interactive videodisc (IVD) learning system (n = 41), or by the traditional method of demonstration/return demonstration (n = 45). The evaluation criteria for the students were based on the number of attempts required to perform successfully endotracheal (ET) intubation and esophageal obturator airway (EOA) insertion. RESULTS No statistically significant differences in the performance of ET insertion between the IVD and the traditional method of instruction could be demonstrated. However, initial certifiers for ACLS learning EOA insertion by the IVD method had a treatment effect (p = 0.004) compared to ACLS students learning by the traditional method. This treatment effect was not noted with ET intubation and EOA insertion for students seeking recertification. In a post-test satisfaction questionnaire, 34 IVD students reported satisfaction with learning airway management using this instructional method, but also expressed a preference to have an ACLS instructor available. CONCLUSION This study highlights the role of IVD in teaching the complex skills of advanced airway management.
Villous adenomatosis and carcinoma in a 66-year-old man with familial polyposis

A patient evaluated and treated for carcinoma of the colon and multiple polyps and the patient's family represent a new pattern of clinical and pathologic manifestations of familial polyposis. The lack of antecedent family history of polyposis, the presence of diffuse villous degeneration, and the occurrence of cancer at age 66 years are a departure from the usual character of this syndrome. Subsequent generations continued the expression of familial polyposis with prominent villous changes. New insight into a possible relationship among the various types of polyps as well as between them and cancer is suggested by this family.
OFDM radar waveform design for sparsity-based multi-target tracking

We propose a sparsity-based approach to track multiple targets using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radar. The use of an OFDM signal increases the frequency diversity of our system as different scattering centers of a target resonate variably at different frequencies. We observe that in a particular pulse interval the targets lie at a few points on the delay-Doppler plane. Hence, we exploit that inherent sparsity to develop a tracking procedure. The nonzero entries of the sparse vector in our model correspond to the target scattering coefficients at different OFDM subcarriers. Therefore, the sparse vector and associated sparse measurement model exhibit block-sparsity property. We design the spectral weights of the transmitting OFDM waveform to minimize the block-coherence measure of the sparse model. In the tracking filter, we develop a block version of the compressive sampling matching pursuit (CoSaMP) algorithm. We present numerical examples to show the performance of our sparsity-based tracking approach and compare with that of a particle filter (PF). The proposed sparsity-based tracking algorithm takes significantly less computational time and provides equivalent, and sometimes better, tracking performance in comparison with the PF-based tracking.
Observation of the dispersion curve of CuCl with second harmonic generation

Abstract Phase matched second harmonic generation is observed above the first exciton band in CuCl at 20°K. By combining the fundamental beams under various angles the point of phase matching changes and part of the polariton dispersion curve of CuCl is mapped directly.
Inverse scattering transform numerical schemes for nonlinear evolution and the method of lines

Abstract In 1975, Ablowitz and Ladik derived differential difference equations that have as limiting forms the nonlinear Schrodinger, Korteweg-de Vries, modified Korteweg-de Vries, nonlinear self-dual network and Toda lattice equations. In 1992 and 1993, Taha derived differential difference equations for the higher nonlinear Schrodinger, Korteweg-de Vries, and modified Korteweg-de Vries equations. These difference equations have a number of special properties. They are constructed by methods related to the inverse scattering transform (IST) and can be used as numerical schemes for their associated nonlinear evolution equations. They maintain many of the important properties of their original partial differential equations such as infinite numbers of conservation laws and solvability by IST. Numerical experiments have shown that these schemes compare very favorably with other known numerical methods. In this paper, a survey and a method of derivation of these IST numerical schemes and an implementation of these schemes by the method of lines will be presented.
The acquisition of lexical semantic knowledge from large corpora

Machine-readable dictionaries provide the raw material from which to construct computationally useful representations of the generic vocabulary contained within it. Many sublanguages, however, are poorly represented in on-line dictionaries, if represented at all. Vocabularies geared to specialized domains are necessary for many applications, such as text categorization and information retrieval. In this paper I describe research devoted to developing techniques for building sublanguage lexicons via syntactic and statistical corpus analysis coupled with analytic techniques based on the tenets of a generative lexicon.
Prevalence of somatic alterations in the colorectal cancer cell genome

Although a small fraction of human cancers have increased rates of somatic mutation because of known deficiencies in DNA repair, little is known about the prevalence of somatic alterations in the vast majority of human cancers. To systematically assess nonsynonymous somatic alterations in colorectal neoplasia, we used DNA sequencing to analyze approximately 3.2 Mb of coding tumor DNA comprising 1,811 exons from 470 genes. In total, we identified only three distinct somatic mutations, comprising two missense changes and one 14-bp deletion, each in a different gene. The accumulation of approximately one nonsynonymous somatic change per Mb of tumor DNA is consistent with a rate of mutation in tumor cells that is similar to that of normal cells. These data suggest that most sporadic colorectal cancers do not display a mutator phenotype at the nucleotide level. They also have significant implications for the interpretation of somatic mutations in candidate tumor-suppressor genes.
Implicit functional relationships between systematic effects in a general model of movement

Abstract In this paper some further remarks are formulated on a general systems model of movement developed by Alonso. In particular, implicit relations between systemic variables are derived, which results in the proportionality of all systems push and pull effects and the choice of a reference unit as numeraire. This results in a simplified reduced form equation. The approach is illustrated empirically using data on interprovincial migration in Canada.
MODIFICATION OF THE LUNAR SURFACE BY THE SOLAR-WIND BOMBARDMENT

Abstract Long-duration, solar-wind sputtering conditions were simulated at a much accelerated scale with mass-separated hydrogen ion beams or in low-pressure, noble gas or hydrogen plasmas. Experiments with metal targets and metal-, oxide-, and rock-powder samples demonstrate the leveling and smoothing of macroscopic surface features, and cementing together of loose particles into a porous, brittle, fibrous crust. Certain oxide surfaces become enriched with metal atoms under the bombardment and sputtering action. It is concluded that many of the unusual properties of the lunar surface can be explained by the action of solar-wind bombardment.
Three-Dimensional Germanium Oxide Nanowire Networks

Three-dimensional (3D) GeO2 nanowire networks were fabricated by using germanium as both a source material and catalyst in an oxygen-rich growth environment. The branches within one network show very regular orientation relationships: either perpendicular or parallel to each other. The nanowires follow a base-growth model and the growth direction is along . The GeO2 nanowire networks exhibit strong violet emission peaked at 404 nm under a 265 nm UV light excitation.
Somatic alterations in mitochondrial DNA produce changes in cell growth and metabolism supporting a tumorigenic phenotype.

There have been many reports of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations associated with human malignancies. We have observed allelic instability in UV-induced cutaneous tumors at the mt-Tr locus encoding the mitochondrial tRNA for arginine. We examined the effects of somatic alterations at this locus by modeling the change in a uniform nuclear background by generating cybrids harboring allelic variation at mt-Tr. We utilized the naturally occurring mtDNA variation at mt-Tr within the BALB/cJ (BALB) and C57BL/6J (B6) strains of Mus musculus to transfer their mitochondria into a mouse ρ0 cell line that lacked its own mtDNA. The BALB haplotype containing the mt-Tr 9821insA allele produced significant changes in cellular respiration (resulting in lowered ATP production), but increased rates of cellular proliferation in cybrid cells. Furthermore, the mtDNA genotype associated with UV-induced tumors endowed the cybrid cells with a phenotype of resistance to UV-induced apoptosis and enhanced migration and invasion capabilities. These studies support a role for mtDNA changes in cancer.
In Vivo Evaluation of Wrist Cartilage Integrity Using T2 Relaxation Time After Scapholunate Ligament Injury and Surgical Repair

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious and frequently occuring outcome of untreated scapholunate dissocation, the most common form of carpal instability in the wrist [1]. As cartilage degenerates, the water content of surrounding tissue becomes less bound. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 relaxation time is longer when water content is less bound [2]. MRI offers the advantageous combination of detailed images of soft tissues such as cartilage with the ability to evaluate free water content. Contrasting the various T2 relaxation times found in the cartilage of healthy wrist surfaces with those of injured wrists is thereby proposed as a method of evaluating cartilage degeneration. We hypothesized that T2 values obtained would be longer for the cartilage of the injured wrists. Though surgical treatment may relieve pain and restore some function to the wrist, it is hypothesized that T2 relaxation time will remain increased after surgery as cartilage regeneration is a very slow process, if it happens at all. The goal of this research is to provide a method to evaluate the biochemical and infer the biomechanical integrity of cartilage for various cartilage surfaces in a wrist after injury.© 2012 ASME
One-year follow-up of disulfiram and psychotherapy for cocaine-alcohol users: sustained effects of treatment.

Aim. To evaluate outcomes 1 year after cessation of treatment for cocaine- and alcohol-dependent individuals. Design. Randomized controlled trial. Setting. Urban substance abuse treatment center. Participants. Ninety-six of 122 subjects randomized to treatment. Interventions. One of five treatments delivered over 12 weeks. Cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) plus disulfiram; Twelve-Step facilitation (TSF) plus disulfiram; clinical management (CM) plus disulfiram; CBT without disulfiram; TSF without disulfiram. Measurements. Percentage of days of cocaine and alcohol use during follow-up, verified by urine toxicology screens and breathalyzer tests. Results. First, as a group, participants reported significant decreases in frequency of cocaine, but not alcohol, use after the end of treatment. Secondly, the main effects of disulfiram on cocaine and alcohol use were sustained during follow-up. Finally, initiation of abstinence for even brief periods of time within treatment was associated with significantly better outcome during follow-up. Conclusions. These findings support the efficacy of disulfiram with this challenging population and suggest that comparatively brief treatments that facilitate the initiation of abstinence may have long-term benefits.
Obsolescence of Technical Professionals: A Measure and a Model

L'auteur se propose de definir et de mesurer l'obsolescence des savoirs et du savoir-faire des personnels techniques. Les resultats montrent que l'obsolescence peut etre analysee dans le cadre de modeles systemiques et que l'on peut en identifier les causes. L'instrument de mesure utilise repose sur une approche auto-evaluatrice et montre de bonnes qualites psychometriques
Analysis of Detection Methods of RF Vibrometer for Complex Motion Measurement

In this paper, the detection technique of the previously reported wavelength-division-sensing RF vibrometer is thoroughly analyzed by investigating the Bessel function coefficient of harmonics in the baseband spectrum. The analysis provides guidelines on the selection of harmonic pairs to help improve detection accuracy and reliability. A new detection method that utilizes multiple harmonic pairs under a fixed carrier frequency proves to be a more reliable approach for RF vibrometers. The sensitivity of harmonic amplitude ratio to the excess phase angle is explored as well. The results show that by using insensitive harmonic pairs, information about the characteristics of the vibration system and the external driving force are still attainable even when the phase angles are unknown. Real-time monitoring of various harmonic vibrations has been realized through a LabVIEW program with a user interface that provides visualization of the vibration patterns. The function of through-wall detection of the RF vibrometer has also been verified by conducting all measurements behind a wall with a detection distance of 1.5 m.
Development of Mechanics in Support of Rocket Technology in Ukraine

The paper analyzes the advances of mechanics made in Ukraine in resolving various problems of space and rocket technology such as dynamics and strength of rockets and rocket engines, rockets of different purpose, electric rocket engines, and nonstationary processes in various systems of rockets accompanied by phase transitions of working media. Achievements in research on the effect of vibrations and gravitational fields on the behavior of space-rocket systems are also addressed. Results obtained in investigating the reliability and structural strength durability conditions for nuclear installations, solid- and liquid-propellant engines, and heat pipes are presented
Influence of particle size and particle size distribution on toughening mechanisms in rubber-modified epoxies

The principal toughening mechanism of a substantially toughened, rubber-modified epoxy has again been shown to involve internal cavitation of the rubber particles and the subsequent formation of shear bands. Additional evidence supporting this sequence of events which provides a significant amount of toughness enhancement, is presented. However, in addition to this well-known mechanism, more subtle toughening mechanisms have been found in this work. Evidence for such mechanisms as crack deflection and particle bridging is shown under certain circumstances in rubber-modified epoxies. The occurrence of these toughening mechanisms appears to have a particle size dependence. Relatively large particles provide only a modest increase in fracture toughness by a particle bridging/crack deflection mechanism. In contrast, smaller particles provide a significant increase in toughness by cavitation-induced shear banding. A critical, minimum diameter for particles which act as bridging particles exists and this critical diameter appears to scale with the properties of the neat epoxy. Bimodal mixtures of epoxies containing small and large particles are also examined and no synergistic effects are observed.
Profiling in an object-oriented design environment that supports Ada 9X and Ada 83 code generation

Object-oriented techniques for design and development have taken a strong hold in academia, industry, and government. Our efforts in this area have been in the development of the object-oriented design environment, ADAM, that is programming-language independent and generates compilable code in Ada 83, Ada 9X, C++, and Ontos C++. A key aspect of ADAM, short for Active Design and Analyses Modeling, is the requirement that software engineers supply profiles when defining the different components in their applications. A profile contains information on both the content (the purpose and constituent pieces) and context (interdependencies) for all components in an application. Profiles are critical since they force software engineers to thoroughly understand and define each portion of an application. They are fundamental to the support of the Ada 9X code generation process, and also provide the basis for analyzing an application. In this paper, we focus on profiles in ADAM and their support for the recently developed Ada 9X code generator. We also briefly report on the role that ADAM has and will play in education and retraining, as related to object-oriented design and upgrading skills from Ada 83 to Ada 9X.
Synaptic relationship between substance P and the substance P receptor: light and electron microscopic characterization of the mismatch between neuropeptides and their receptors.

Abstract Light microscopic studies have demonstrated significant mismatches in the location of neuropeptides and their respective binding sites in the central nervous system. In the present study we used an antiserum raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal tail of the substance P (SP) receptor (SPR) to further explore the relationship between a neuropeptide and its receptor. Light microscopy revealed an excellent correlation between the patterns of SPR immunoreactivity and of 125I-labeled SPR-binding sites in the central nervous system. The SPR appeared to be exclusively expressed by neurons; in fact, the SPR decorates the somatic and dendritic surface of neurons, producing Golgi-like images. Electron microscopic analysis in cortex, striatum, and spinal cord revealed that approximately 70% of the surface membrane of immunoreactive neurons is SPR laden. Simultaneous electron microscopic labeling of SP and SPR demonstrated significant mismatch at the synaptic level. Although some SP terminals contacted SPR-immunoreactive membrane, no more than 15% of the SPR-laden membrane apposed synaptic terminals. These results suggest that in contrast to more "classical" central and peripheral nervous system synapses, wherein the receptor immediately apposes the site of neurotransmitter storage and release, much of the surface of SPR-expressing neurons can be targeted by SP that diffuses a considerable distance from its site of release.