cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex, Marital Status, and Psychiatric Treatment: A Research Note

In 1972 I reviewed the published studies conducted in Western industrial nations since World War II which used some indicator of mental illness and provided a breakdown by sex and marital status. All of the studies (n = 17) showed married women to have higher rates of mental illness than married men, and most of them showed never-married men (11 studies out of 15), divorced men (8 studies out of 11) and widowed men (7 studies out of 9) to have higher rates of mental illness than their female counterparts. This paper has been widely cited and has played a critical part in the literature on sex rules, marital roles, and mental illness. All of the studies in Gove (a) deal with limited populations or samples, and I have recently become aware of NIMH reports which present much more comprehensive data. Because these data deal with a critical issue, are very comprehensive, and because they are not entirely consistent with the studies reviewed in Gove (a), it is important that they be introduced into the literature. Redick and Johnson present data on all admissions to state and county (henceforth referred to as public) mental hospitals for 1970, Meyer presents data for all admissions to outpatient psychiatric services for 1970-71 and Bachrach presents data for all discharges from psychiatric units in general hospitals for 1970-71. The data are derived from very large representative surveys from all treatment centers involved and in the reports the rates have been generalized to cover the nation as a whole for a year. For all treatment settings the rates included both first admissions and readmissions. As the data involve the same time period, I have provided-in addition to the separate rates-the overall rates of episodes of treatment. The rates of treatment in three settings, and for all settings combined, are presented in Table 1. The sex ratio by marital status and treatment setting are presented in Table 2 and the ratios comparing the married and the various unmarried statuses are presented in Table 3. As is shown, perhaps most clearly in Table 2, overall married women have higher rates of treatment than married men. This overall statistic is consistent with previous studies. However, in the specific case of public mental hospitals,
Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts: orchestrating the composition of malignancy

The tumor stroma is no longer seen solely as physical support for mutated epithelial cells but as an important modulator and even a driver of tumorigenicity. Within the tumor stromal milieu, heterogeneous populations of fibroblast-like cells, collectively termed carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), are key players in the multicellular, stromal-dependent alterations that contribute to malignant initiation and progression. This review focuses on novel insights into the contributions of CAFs to disease progression, emergent events leading to the generation of CAFs, identification of CAF-specific biomarkers predictive of disease outcome, and recent therapeutic approaches aimed at blunting or reverting detrimental protumorigenic phenotypes associated with CAFs.
Expression of the cDNA encoding for mouse sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase C in Chinese-hamster ovary cells

The cloned cDNA encoding for mouse sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase C (LDH-C) was inserted immediately downstream to the MMTV 5' LTR promoter, and it was shown to synthesize mouse LDH-C polypeptide in Chinese-hamster ovary cells. The mouse LDH-C subunit and the endogenous Chinese-hamster LDH-A subunit formed in vivo a heterotetrameric LDH-A3C1 isoenzyme, and this novel isoenzyme exhibited enzymic activity utilizing lactate as substrate.
Cocaine Enhances HIV-1 Transcription in Macrophages by Inducing p38 MAPK Phosphorylation

Cocaine is a commonly used illicit drug among HIV-1 infected individuals and is known to increase HIV-1 replication in permissive cells including PBMCs, CD4(+) T cells, and macrophages. Cocaine's potentiating effects on HIV-1 replication in macrophages- the primary targets of the virus in the central nervous system, has been suggested to play an important role in HIV-1 neuro-pathogenesis. However, the mechanism by which cocaine enhances HIV-1 replication in macrophages remain poorly understood. Here, we report the identification of cocaine-induced signaling events that lead to enhanced HIV-1 transcription in macrophages. Treatment of physiologically relevant concentrations of cocaine enhanced HIV-1 transcription in a dose-dependent manner in infected THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages (THP-1macs) and primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Toward decoding the underlying mechanism, results presented in this report demonstrate that cocaine induces the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), a known activator of HIV-1 transcription. We also present data suggesting that the p38 MAPK-driven HIV-1 transcription is dependent on the induction of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1). Consequently, MSK1 mediates the phosphorylation of serine 10 residue of histone 3 (H3 Ser10), which is known to activate transcription of genes including that of HIV-1 in macrophages. Importantly, our results show that inhibition of p38 MAPK/MSK1 signaling by specific pharmacological inhibitors abrogated the positive effect of cocaine on HIV-1 transcription. These results validate the functional link between cocaine and p38 MAPK/MSK1 pathways. Together, our results demonstrate for the first time that the p38 MAPK/MSK1 signaling pathway plays a critical role in the cocaine-induced potentiating effects on HIV-1 infection, thus providing new insights into the interplay between cocaine abuse and HIV-1 neuro-pathogenesis.
Chronic pancreatic ascites.

The clinical syndrome of chronic pancreatic ascites is defined and previously reported cases are reviewed. Three patients with chronic pancreatic ascites are reported. Typically, these patients were chronic alcoholics who experienced intermittent abdominal pain followed by rapid weight loss and chronic ascites. Diagnosis was confirmed by persistently elevated serum and ascitic fluid amylase. Upon surgical exploration chronic pancreatitis, usually complicated with a pseudocyst, was found. Leakage of pancreatic secretions into the peritoneal cavity was considered to be of major importance in the pathogenesis of the ascites. Partial pancreatic resection or internal drainage of the pseudocyst into the gastrointestinal tract was an effective form of therapy.
Low-coherence wavelength shifting interferometry for high-speed quantitative phase imaging.

We propose low-coherence wavelength shifting interferometry and demonstrate its application to quantitative phase imaging of dynamic specimens. By shifting the source wavelength, multiple interferograms of the sample can be acquired at different spectral bands. A sample phase is thus encoded in the phase step between consecutive acquisitions. For the particular case of four-band imaging, we show that the phase can be extracted with a modified Carre algorithm. We describe signal demodulation in detail and discuss its implication on system implementation. A swept laser-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer is used to demonstrate the technique for real-time imaging of live sperm cells at 62.5 Hz. The dynamic dry mass of the sperm head is measured with a full-scale error of ±2%, validating the technique’s capability for high-sensitivity, high-speed quantitative phase imaging.
Audit of prescription notes from a tertiary health centre, AIMS, BG Nagar, India: a cross-sectional study

Background: Prescription is a written order from physician to pharmacist which contains name of the drug, its dose and its method of dispensing and advice over consuming it. The frequencies of drug prescription errors are high. Prescription error contributes significantly towards adverse drug events. The present study was undertaken to understand the current prescription writing practices and to detect the common errors in them at a tertiary health care centre situated in BG Nagar, Mandya, Karnataka, India. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Adichunchanagiri Institute of medical Sciences, BG nagar, Mandya, India during April- May 2015. 187 prescriptions were analyzed. Important information regarding the patient, doctor, drug and the general description of the prescription were obtained. Results: All the prescriptions were on the hospital pad. A significant number of the prescriptions were written in illegible (11%) or barely legible (20%) handwriting. The name, age and sex of the patient were not mentioned in majority of the prescriptions. All the prescriptions (100%) failed to demonstrate the presence of address, height and weight of the patient. Brand name of the drugs was mentioned in all the prescriptions with only 8% of them having the generic name. The quantity, dose and medicinal form were found missing in 1.7%, 29.5%, and 2.2% of the prescriptions. Conclusions: The findings of our study show that there is a need for improvement in the quality of prescriptions written by the doctors. The adoption of a computer aided prescribing system would go a long way in achieving this objective.
Single Molecular Observation of Diffusive Dynamics of NMDA Receptors in Live Neurons using Super-Resolution Imaging and Tracking

Understanding various dynamic phenomena in synapses is important for explaining how the brain works. One important phenomenon is the dynamic behavior of glutamate receptors, namely AMPAR and NMDAR. In this study, we used 3D super-accurate microscopy (FIONA) and super-resolution microscopy (PALM/STORM), with approximately 10-40 nm accuracy/resolution, to determine the diffusion constants and spatial location of NMDAR. We also used small quantum dots which have the brightness and photostability of the more commonly used commercial quantum dots, but have a reduced size (∼8-10 nm diameter, compared to ∼20 nm for the commercial ones). We found that NMDAR exists primarily in the synapses, but does have a presence just outside the synapse, and in the spine, and in the dendrites. We found that NMDAR, when in the synapse, is primarily in nanodomains, i.e. sub-synaptic regions where the NMDAR diffuses around approximately 10-times slower then when in the non-synaptic cell membrane. Looking over the course of 15 minutes, we find that the nanodomain itself, tend to move around, with ∼10x slower than NMDAR in the cell membrane. We also found that diffusion of NMDARs changed after co-agonists treatment.
Acceptance and Access to Gene Editing: Science and Our Obligations to Mankind.

It has been six decades since the elucidation of the structure of DNA,1 four decades since the introduction of restriction endonucleases opened up recombinant DNA technology, and a decade and a half since the sequencing of the human genome.2 We are on the verge of therapies that could permanently remedy genetic diseases. Gene editing using cellular, viral, and synthetic nucleotide templates, accompanied by engineered site-specific nucleases (zinc finger nucleases [ZFNs], clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats [CRISPR]/Cas, transcription activator-like effector nucleases [TALENs]) now offer possibilities of treatment for diseases such as hemophilia, thalassemia, or cancers related to genetic mutations.
Femtosecond Study of Dimolybdenum Paddlewheel Compounds with Amide/Thioamide Ligands: Symmetry, Electronic Structure, and Charge Distribution in the 1MLCT S1 State

Four photophysically interesting dimolybdenum paddlewheel compounds are synthesized and characterized: I and II contain amide ligand (N,3-diphenyl-2-propynamide), and III and IV contain thioamide ligand (N,3-diphenyl-2-propynethioamide). I and III are trans-Mo2L2(O2C-TiPB)2-type compounds, and II and IV are Mo2L4-type compounds, where O2C-TiPB is 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate. I–IV display strong light absorption due to metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions from molybdenum to the amide/thioamide ligands. Charge transfer dynamics in the MLCT excited states of I–IV have been examined using femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy and femtosecond time-resolved infrared (fs-TRIR) spectroscopy. The asymmetric amide/thioamide ligands show two forms of regioarrangements in the paddlewheel compounds. Analyses of the ν(C≡C) bands in the fs-TRIR spectra of I and II show similar electron density distribution over ligands in their 1MLCT S1 states where only two amide ligands are involved and th...
The interplay of brand sound meaning and brand origin on new high-tech product evaluation

AbstractThis study explores the effects of brand sound meaning and brand origin on attitude toward really new high-tech products. Employing theoretical underpinnings from processing fluency theory, this study demonstrates that brand sound meaning and brand origin independently and jointly affect new product evaluations. Individual consumer differences (e.g. technological sophistication and perceived newness) also affect the brand sound meaning and brand origin effect on new product evaluation. Results from the experiments conducted demonstrate that (1) brand sound meaning matters more to the consumers who feel a lower perceived newness level in relation to the new products than to consumers who feel a higher perceived newness level, (2) brand origin effect is more pronounced if the consumers are technologically more sophisticated, and (3) brand sound meaning and brand origin interact at different perceived newness levels to determine the attitude toward the product such that at low perceived newness level...
Short-Term Compumetric Forecast of Crude Oil Prices

Abstract Forecasting oil prices remains an important empirical issue. This paper compares three forecasts of short-term oil prices using two compumetric methods and naive random walk. Compumetric methods use model specifications generated by computers with limited human intervention. Users are responsible only for selecting the appropriate set of explanatory variables. The compumetric methods employed here are genetic programming and artificial neural networks. The variable to forecast is monthly US imports FOB oil prices. Each method is used to forecast one and three months ahead. The results suggest that neural networks deliver better predictions.
The frequency-difference and frequency-sum acoustic-field autoproducts

The frequency-difference and frequency-sum autoproducts are quadratic products of solutions of the Helmholtz equation at two different frequencies (ω+ and ω-), and may be constructed from the Fourier transform of any time-domain acoustic field. Interestingly, the autoproducts may carry wave-field information at the difference (ω+ - ω-) and sum (ω+ + ω-) frequencies even though these frequencies may not be present in the original acoustic field. This paper provides analytical and simulation results that justify and illustrate this possibility, and indicate its limitations. The analysis is based on the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation and its solutions while the simulations are for a point source in a homogeneous half-space bounded by a perfectly reflecting surface. The analysis suggests that the autoproducts have a spatial phase structure similar to that of a true acoustic field at the difference and sum frequencies if the in-band acoustic field is a plane or spherical wave. For multi-ray-path environments, this phase structure similarity persists in portions of the autoproduct fields that are not suppressed by bandwidth averaging. Discrepancies between the bandwidth-averaged autoproducts and true out-of-band acoustic fields (with potentially modified boundary conditions) scale inversely with the product of the bandwidth and ray-path arrival time differences.
Community Archives and the Limitations of Identity: Considering Discursive Impact on Material Needs

This article examines how a postmodern-influenced discourse of identity shapes and influences critical analysis of community archives, both internally and externally, and asks if the accompanying terms of engagement shift focus, to negative effect, from the more pressing needs and challenges of these institutions and projects. Looking to archival professional literature and to a recent self-assessment of the Japanese American National Museum, the article argues that an overarching emphasis on questions of identity can distract community institutions from pragmatic evaluations of sustainable practice and can inadvertently mire archivists in a marginalizing rhetoric that blurs the issues at hand.
Artificial biomembrane morphology: a dissipative particle dynamics study

Artificial membranes mimicking biological structures are rapidly breaking new ground in the areas of medicine and soft-matter physics. In this endeavor, we use dissipative particle dynamics simulat...
Comparing perceived effectiveness of FDA-proposed cigarette packaging graphic health warnings between sexual and gender minorities and heterosexual adults

In 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration proposed nine graphic health warnings (GHWs) on cigarette packaging that were rated equally effective across racial/ethnic, education, or income groups of adult smokers. However, data on GHW effectiveness among sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults, who have higher smoking prevalence, are currently lacking. This study analyzed whether perceived effectiveness of GHWs differed by gender and sexual orientation. Data came from a randomized experiment among 1,200 adults with an oversample from low socioeconomic status groups, conducted between 2013 and 2014 in three Massachusetts communities. Participants viewed and rated the effectiveness of nine GHWs. Mixed effects regression models predicted perceived effectiveness with gender and sexual orientation, adjusting for repeated measurements, GHWs viewed, age, race, ethnicity, smoking status, and health status. Female heterosexuals rated GHWs as more effective than male heterosexual, lesbian, and transgender and other gender respondents. There was no significant difference between female and male heterosexuals versus gay, male bisexual, or female bisexual respondents. Differences by gender and sexual orientation were consistent across all nine GHWs. Significant correlates of higher perceived effectiveness included certain GHWs, older age, being African-American (vs white), being Hispanic (vs non-Hispanic), having less than high school education (vs associate degree or higher), and being current smokers (vs non-smokers). Perceived effectiveness of GHWs was lower in certain SGM groups. We recommend further studies to understand the underlying mechanisms for these findings and investments in research and policy to communicate anti-smoking messages more effectively to SGM populations.
Philosophic Anthropology in Rousseau and Elizabeth Marshall Thomas

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the most durably influential critic of classic modern liberalism, maintained that the optimal conditions for human happiness existed only in a pre-political and pre-legal world. This essay, prepared for a festschrift honoring the philosopher and biologist Leon Kass, examines Rousseau’s claim in light of new evidence provided by Elizabeth Marshall Thomas, a contemporary anthropologist and naturalist. The essay argues that Marshall’s findings, along with others provided by modern science, confirm and enrich the core elements of Rousseau’s analysis.
Function and Mechanism of Chromatin Boundaries

In recent years, a novel class of DNA elements called chromatin boundaries or insulators has drawn special attention in the field of gene regulation and chromatin organization. Chromatin boundaries were first identified in Drosophila as genomic regions that separate neighboring chromatin domains of distinctive structure and function. Boundary elements are experimentally defined by two activities: they block the regulatory effects of enhancers from promoters when positioned interveningly, and when placed on both sides of integrated transgenes, they insulate these transgenes from the transcriptional influences of the surrounding genome. Elements with similar properties have been reported in a variety of species from yeast to humans. Molecular genetic and cell biological studies suggest that boundary activity may represent a general mechanism of gene regulation, genome organization, as well as chromatin and nuclear organization. However, the biological functions and the protein components of many boundary elements remain to be characterized. More importantly, the mechanism through which boundaries affect various forms of transcription regulation is still poorly understood.
A Bohmian Response to Bohr’s Complementarity

The two figures who dominated the physics of at least the first half of the twentieth century were Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. Relativity and quantum mechanics will surely remain the major watersheds of this century in our conceptions of the physical world. It also appears reasonably unproblematic that Einstein will continue to be seen not only as the almost sole founder of relativity as a program but also to have set, in theoretical physics, a style of thought that has endured and proven to be extraordinarily fruitful for the developments in modern physics. It is also arguably the case that quantum mechanics is even more profound in its fundamental physical and philosophical implications than is relativity. Bohr is rightly remembered for his seminal 1913 paper on a semiclassical model for the hydrogen atom (and for his quantization rule for the angular momentum) (Bohr, 1913). It is much less clear that his fundamental insights into quantum mechanics will be of lasting value. While the formalism of quantum mechanics has proven to be correct (i.e., predictively accurate), Bohr’s “insights” into its interpretation obfuscated many of the fundamental issues. These may actually turn out to have been, eventually, counterproductive for genuine progress on the interpretative problems of quantum mechanics.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Heparin

Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin have been used as anticoagulant drugs for decades. Pharmaceutical grade heparin is derived from mucosal tissues of slaughtered domestic animals. However, heparin can have severe side effects, has a potential risk of contamination and unstable resources. Thus, synthetic heparin that can be manufactured in a controlled environment is desirable. Although traditional chemical synthesis has successfully reduced the structural complexity of heparin, chemical synthesis of the heparin oligosaccharide is tedious and costly. In this review, we summarize recent progress toward the enzymatic synthesis of heparin/heparan sulfate. We will emphasize the efforts to develop novel enzymatic approaches for the synthesis of heparan sulfate mimics from Escherichia coli heparosan and to produce polysaccharide and oligosaccharide end products with high specificity for the biological target. These advancements provide the foundation for the development of heparan sulfate/heparin-based therapeutic agents.
Effectiveness of Using Enhanced Filters in Schools and Homes to Reduce Indoor Exposures to PM2.5 from Outdoor Sources and Subsequent Health Benefits for Children with Asthma

Filters can reduce indoor concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5), but their benefits have not been well-characterized. This study investigates exposure, health, and cost impacts of high efficiency filters in homes and schools, focusing on the asthma-related outcomes. Reductions in indoor exposures to PM2.5 from outdoor sources with enhanced filters (e.g., MERV 12) are estimated using probabilistic indoor air quality models, and avoided health impacts are quantified using health impact assessment. These methods are applied using data from Detroit, Michigan, an urban region with elevated asthma rates. Replacing inefficient filters with enhanced filters in schools would reduce the PM2.5-attributable asthma burden by 13% annually, with higher benefits for more efficient filters. Marginal costs average $63 per classroom or $32 per child with asthma per year. In homes, using efficient furnace filters or air cleaners yields 11 to 16% reductions in the asthma burden with an annualized marginal costs of $151...
Torrefaction after pelletization (TAP): Analysis of torrefied pellet quality and co-products

Abstract Torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment method to increase the energy density and to decrease the grinding energy of biomass. In this study, the torrefaction of two types of commercially available wood pellets was carried out in the temperature range of 230–290 °C for 30 min residence time. Torrefaction produces both the solid fuel known as torrefied pellets and the volatile stream known as torgas. The torgas was further separated into condensable liquids, known as tor-liquid and non-condensable gases. The products yield, its compositions and fuel properties at various torrefaction temperatures were also determined. The increase in temperature reduced the torrefied pellet yield from 89 to 52%, while increased the condensable liquid yield from 5 to 23% within the torrefaction study condition. The heating value (24 MJ kg−1) and the volumetric energy density (12.5 GJ m−3) of torrefied pellets at 270 °C were comparable to that of coal for biopower. The increase in torrefaction temperature improved the hydrophobicity (resistance to water uptake), but adversely reduced the pellet density, hardness, and durability of torrefied pellets causing high susceptibility to breakage and fine generation during handling, transport, and storage. Further research is required to improve the quality of torrefied pellets for safe handling and storage. The non-condensable fraction of torgas was mainly composed of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and traces of methane. The condensable liquid was rich in organic acids, ketones, furfural, and levoglucosan, which could be potentially transformed into high-value chemicals and other commercially viable products.
HMD-Guided Image-Based Modeling and Rendering of Indoor Scenes

We present a system that enables a novice user to acquire a large indoor scene in minutes as a collection of images sufficient for five degrees-of-freedom virtual navigation by image morphing. The user walks through the scene wearing an augmented reality head-mounted display (AR HMD) enhanced with a panoramic video camera. The AR HMD shows a 2D grid of a dynamically generated floor plan, which guides the user to acquire a panorama from each grid cell. After acquisition, panoramas are preliminarily registered using the AR HMD tracking data, corresponding features are detected in pairs of neighboring panoramas, and the correspondences are used to refine panorama registration. The registered panoramas and their correspondences support rendering the scene interactively with any view direction and from any viewpoint on the acquisition plane. An HMD VR interface guides the user who optimizes visualization fidelity interactively, by aligning the viewpoint with one of the hundreds of acquisition locations evenly sampling the floor plane.
Globalisation and Digital Art

This chapter establishes grounds for viewing globalisation through the lenses of digital art. It engages with theories of Formalism, Structuralism and Semiotics, and posits that while these frameworks may be useful in providing broad conceptualisations, the affective realms of human experience and encounter require discursive flexibility. Ethnographic, deconstructive and affective dialogues are also introduced.
RNA integrity number (RIN) - towards standardization of RNA quality assessment

1649 RNA quality assessment has been identified as one of the most critical elements in order to obtain meaningful gene expression data via microarray or real-time PCR experiments. Current advances in microfluidics have improved RNA quality measurements tremendously by allowing a more detailed look at RNA degradation patterns by providing electrophoretic traces of RNA samples. However, the interpretation of such electropherograms still requires a certain level of experience and can vary from one researcher to the next. A so-called “RNA integrity number” (RIN) algorithm is introduced that assigns a user-independent integrity number to each RNA sample. The RIN has been developed using neural networks by “teaching” this algorithm with a large number of RNA integrity data. It was found that the RIN is more reliable than the ribosomal ratio, when assessing the integrity of RNA samples. The RIN is shown to be largely independent of RNA concentration, instrument (Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer), and most importantly, the origin of the RNA sample. Using the RIN, researchers can work towards standardization of the important RNA integrity measurement ensuring reproducibility and reliability of gene expression experiments.
Calibration Algorithm for Rapid and Nondestructive Moisture Sensing in In-Shell Nuts

A new calibration algorithm is presented for instantaneous and nondestructive determination of moisture contents of in-shell nuts and kernels from measurement of the dielectric properties of in-shell nuts at a single microwave frequency. The new calibration algorithm relies on the use of a density-independent function, expressed in terms of the dielectric properties, and the existence of a direct relationship between the in-shell nut oven moisture content and kernel oven moisture content. Results of measurement by using a microwave moisture sensor operating at 5.8 GHz are presented, and kernel moisture calibration equations are established for peanuts and almonds.
The Search for Order in Municipal Administration: Herman A. Metz and the New York City Experience, 1898–1909

This paper examines the municipal administration and accounting reforms that were coordinated and implemented by Herman A. Metz around the turn of the 20th century in New York City. Reform efforts ...
Modeling the impact of urban trees on hydrology

Urban trees provide numerous benefits to society, as well as costs. One of the more important benefits of urban trees relates to their impact on surface stormwater runoff. Hydrologic models can serve to optimize land use planning and facilitate the inclusion of more tree cover for its hydrologic ecosystem services. Varying modeling methods and levels of simplifying assumptions offer a range of capabilities and ease of use. This chapter summarizes the state of the art for urban forest hydrology modeling as of 2018 and discusses eight models of interest which are free to use, useful to the broad stormwater management community, and capable of simulating forest effects on hydrology. Models discussed include i-Tree Hydro, the Rational method, Curve Number approaches, US EPA SWC, US EPA SWMM, HSPF, SWAT, and RHESSys. Future directions for hydrologic modeling of urban tree-water interactions is also discussed, highlighting the need for increased cross-pollination between different models and improved features to better utilize the latest technologies and meet the needs of the stormwater management and urban forestry communities.
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) knockout mice have greater outflow facility.

Purpose Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein that regulates intraocular pressure (IOP) by altering extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis within the trabecular meshwork (TM). We hypothesized that the lower IOP previously observed in SPARC -/- mice is due to a greater outflow facility. Methods Mouse outflow facility (Clive) was determined by multiple flow rate infusion, and episcleral venous pressure (Pe) was estimated by manometry. The animals were then euthanized, eliminating aqueous formation rate (Fin) and Pe. The C value was determined again (Cdead) while Fin was reduced to zero. Additional mice were euthanized for immunohistochemistry to analyze ECM components of the TM. Results The Clive and Cdead of SPARC -/- mice were 0.014 ± 0.002 μL/min/mmHg and 0.015 ± 0.002 μL/min/mmHg, respectively (p = 0.376, N/S). Compared to the Clive = 0.010 ± 0.002 μL/min/mmHg and Cdead = 0.011 ± 0.002 μL/min/mmHg in the WT mice (p = 0.548, N/S), the Clive and Cdead values for the SPARC -/- mice were higher. Pe values were estimated to be 8.0 ± 0.2 mmHg and 8.3 ± 0.7 mmHg in SPARC -/- and WT mice, respectively (p = 0.304, N/S). Uveoscleral outflow (Fu) was 0.019 ± 0.007 μL/min and 0.022 ± 0.006 μL/min for SPARC -/- and WT mice, respectively (p = 0.561, N/S). Fin was 0.114 ± 0.002 μL/min and 0.120 ± 0.016 μL/min for SPARC -/- and WT mice (p = 0.591, N/S). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated decreases of collagen types IV and VI, fibronectin, laminin, PAI-1, and tenascin-C within the TM of SPARC -/- mice (p < 0.05). Conclusions The lower IOP of SPARC -/- mice is due to greater aqueous humor outflow facility through the conventional pathway. Corresponding changes in several matricellular proteins and ECM structural components were noted in the TM of SPARC -/- mice.
Process Robustness of Friction Stir Dovetailing of AA7099 to Steel with In Situ AA6061 Interlayer Linking

Rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) steel was joined to aluminum alloy AA7099-T7451 with an interlayer of AA6061-T651 by single-pass friction stir dovetailing (FSD). The evolution of the AA7099/AA6061 and AA6061/steel interfacial microstructures and mechanical properties of the joints were examined. The AA6061 interlayer prevented Zn migration from the AA7099 to the steel during FSD and inhibited formation of brittle, Zn-rich, Fe–Al intermetallic compounds within the joint. The flow of the dissimilar aluminum alloys at the interface was controlled with a partially threaded friction stir welding pin and a dovetail geometric configuration optimized in previous work. The process robustness was explored to establish parameter windows by elucidating parametric effects on the relationship between process conditions and the joint’s microstructure and mechanical properties. Ranges of process forge force (50–70 kN) and interface temperature (475–515 °C) consistently yielded joints with adequate performance. The load-carrying capacity in lap shear tensile tests was 2025 ± 100 N/mm.
Education as Community Mobilization: "Minjian" Society and the Education of Migrant Children in China.

Grassroots migrant organizations, especially schools serving migrant children, function as centers of collective action which address the needs of the community and counter the deficit notions of m...
Converting a Two-Week Chemistry Course for High School Students to a Virtual Format during COVID

A short course for high school students was converted from a two-week, in-person laboratory course to a remote and virtual four-week course due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Students met virtually each day to participate in activities that included the following: presentations, demonstrations, interviews, group discussions, lessons, and virtual tours and field trips. The virtual version of the course was able to maintain the same learning objectives and activities when compared to the in-person session and integrated additional expanded lessons, kitchen chemistry activities, and an emphasis on careers in science in order to increase student engagement. Student feedback indicated that interest in a career in STEM was increased overall, and the incorporation of some of the newly introduced activities can be implemented into future versions of the course.
Human physiomimetic model integrating microphysiological systems of the gut, liver, and brain for studies of neurodegenerative diseases

Slow progress in the fight against neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) motivates an urgent need for highly controlled in vitro systems to investigate organ-organ- and organ-immune-specific interactions relevant for disease pathophysiology. Of particular interest is the gut/microbiome-liver-brain axis for parsing out how genetic and environmental factors contribute to NDs. We have developed a mesofluidic platform technology to study gut-liver-cerebral interactions in the context of Parkinson's disease (PD). It connects microphysiological systems (MPSs) of the primary human gut and liver with a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral MPS in a systemically circulated common culture medium containing CD4+ regulatory T and T helper 17 cells. We demonstrate this approach using a patient-derived cerebral MPS carrying the PD-causing A53T mutation, gaining two important findings: (i) that systemic interaction enhances features of in vivo-like behavior of cerebral MPSs, and (ii) that microbiome-associated short-chain fatty acids increase expression of pathology-associated pathways in PD.
Stroke hospitalizations, posttraumatic stress disorder, and 9/11-related dust exposure: Results from the World Trade Center Health Registry

BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the association between disaster-related factors and stroke by subtype or number. We investigated the association between 9/11-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), dust exposure, and stroke subtype as well as recurrent strokes. METHODS The study included 29,012 individuals enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry. Stroke cases were obtained by matching Registry enrollees to the New York State Department of Health's discharge records for inpatient visits between 2000 and 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to examine the association between 9/11-related risk factors and stroke by subtype. Multinomial logistic regression models were conducted to assess the associations between the same risk factors and the number of stroke hospitalizations. RESULTS Having PTSD significantly increased the risk of developing ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, with adjusted hazards ratios (AHRs) of 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-2.10) and 1.73 (95% CI: 1.10-2.71), respectively. The point estimate for dust cloud exposure, although not significant statistically, suggested an increased risk of ischemic stroke (AHR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.96-1.50). PTSD was significantly associated with recurrent strokes with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.79 (95% CI: 1.09-2.95). CONCLUSIONS PTSD is a risk factor for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and is associated with recurrent strokes. Dust exposure on 9/11 is a possible risk factor for ischemic stroke but not for hemorrhagic stroke, and was not associated with recurrent strokes. Our findings warrant additional research on stroke-morbidity and mortality associated with 9/11-related PTSD and dust exposure.
Mini-Incision bankart Repair for Shoulder Instability

The tenuous balance between stability and motion of the glenohumeral joint often results in one of the most common problems encountered by the orthopedic surgeon. Historically, surgical treatment of glenohumeral instability was generally indicated only for recurrent anterior dislocations. The breadth of operative procedures to treat anterior shoulder instability has included staple capsulorraphy, 1, subscapularis transposition, 2 shortening of the subscapularis and anterior capsule, 3 transfer of the coracoid, 4 and osteotomies of the proximal humerus 5 or the glenoid neck. 6 In terms of measuring clinical success based on recurrence of dislocation, these various procedures were very effective. However, restricted external rotation and overhead motion sacrificed stability at the expense of function and led to the recognition of late glenohumeral osteoarthrosis following some of these repairs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 Furthermore, the traditional limited operative indications failed to account for the growing awareness of subluxations as a source of symptomatic instability. 12, 13, 14, 15 Better understanding of glenohumeral joint biomechanics, the role of the capsuloligamentous structures, and their modes of failure has led to an emphasis on restoration of normal anatomic relationships.
Enzymatic modification of nuclear proteins during neoplastic growth.

Post-synthetic modifications of nuclear proteins, especially histones, are frequently investigated enigmatic reactions. The biological significance of these particular modification reactions is not thoroughly understood. The relatively high degree of evolutionary stability of the histone’s primary structure and to a large extent its modification sites suggests that proper chromatin organization depends a great deal on precise post-synthetic modification reactions. This idea is substantiated by a number of reports indicating that these reactions occur predominantly around the time that cells, in preparation for division, are replicating their chromosomes and processing newly synthesized histones.
Outdoor Education Foreign Study Tour

(1973). Outdoor Education Foreign Study Tour. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 59-60.
The Empty Legacy of the Corporate Scandals

Only a few times in the nation's history have corporate scandals equaled or exceeded the abuses uncovered over the past few years. But arguably never has so little been done to correct them. This law professor lists the reforms that President Bush might have proposed to make corporate America more honest and better managed and to make investing safer.
Persistence and periodicity in a dynamic proximity network.

The topology of social networks can be understood as being inherently dynamic, with edges having a distinct position in time. Most characterizations of dynamic networks discretize time by converting temporal information into a sequence of network "snapshots" for further analysis. Here we study a highly resolved data set of a dynamic proximity network of 66 individuals. We show that the topology of this network evolves over a very broad distribution of time scales, that its behavior is characterized by strong periodicities driven by external calendar cycles, and that the conversion of inherently continuous-time data into a sequence of snapshots can produce highly biased estimates of network structure. We suggest that dynamic social networks exhibit a natural time scale \Delta_{nat}, and that the best conversion of such dynamic data to a discrete sequence of networks is done at this natural rate.
Late conversion of tacrolimus to sirolimus in a prednisone-free immunosuppression regimen in renal transplant patients.

Chhabra D, Grafals M, Cabral B, Leventhal J, Parker M, Gallon L. Late conversion of tacrolimus to sirolimus in a prednisone-free immunosuppression regimen in renal transplant patients. Clin Transplant 2009: DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01047.x © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Background: One of the most important causes of graft loss is chronic nephrotoxicity from calcineurin inhibitors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and to assess the impact on rejection risk, graft loss and renal allograft function of converting patients from tacrolimus (Tac) to sirolimus (SRL) at one yr post-transplantation (Tx) using a prednisone-free immunosuppressive regimen. Methods: Two hundred fifty-five kidney transplant patients were induced with Alemtuzumab and maintained on a steroid-free regimen with Tac and mycophenolate mofetil. Thirty-seven stable patients (14%) were converted from Tac to SRL at one yr post-Tx. Results: The two groups were demographically similar. Mean post-tx follow-up was 2.8 ± 0.2 yr. Patient and graft survival were not statistically different. There was no significant difference in acute rejection episodes between the SRL and Tac groups (21% vs. 15%, p = 0.2). Calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), in the SRL group at 2.8 yr post-tx, was 69 ± 13 mL/min from the one month post-tx GFR of 53 ± 19 and 59 ± 23 mL/min from the one month post-tx GFR of 56 ± 21 mL/min in the Tac group. Conclusions: Using a prednisone-free regimen, the conversion of Tac to SRL at one yr post-Tx was not associated with an increased risk of acute rejection or graft loss.
Oxygen isotopic compositions of the late orogenic granites in the Southern Piedmont of the Appalachian Mountains, U.S.A., and their relationship to subcrustal structures and lithologies

Abstract Data were acquired from 143 whole rock samples from 20 late orogenic, post-metamorphic, Hercynian-age granitic plutons from the Piedmont of the southern Appalachians, principally in Georgia and South Carolina. These plutons exhibit a regional gradient in oxygen isotopic compositions in which the granites confined to the Inner Piedmont to the northwest are 18 O-enriched (11.4 to 7.9) whereas those toward the southeast within the Charlotte-Slate and portions of the Kiokee belts have distinctly lower 18 O/ 16 O compositions (8.2 to 5.5); one body that lies along the southeastern edge of the Piedmont in South Carolina, however, appears to be anomalously 18 O-enriched (8.9). Most plutons display 18 O/ 16 O variations of 18 O-enriched plutons occupy areas characterized by negative anomalies, whereas low- 18 O bodies are invariably restricted to regions of positive anomalies; (2) 87 Sr/ 86 Sr data, where granites with δ 18 O values 18 O-enriched plutons (>9‰) have ratios >0.710; (3) contrasting chemical and accessory mineral compositions, in which many 18 O-depleted granites have a number of I-type characteristics, whereas several of the most 18 O-enriched plutons exhibit a number of S-type features. It can be inferred from these data that the 18 O-enriched granites were formed from continental crustal protoliths that underlie much of the Inner Piedmont and portions of the Kiokee belt, whereas the low- 18 O plutons were derived from more mafic sources beneath the Charlotte-Slate and portions of the Kiokee belt. The overall correspondence between the regional 18 O/ 16 O patterns exhibited by the granites and gravity data implies that these grantes may be essentially rooted to their protoliths, in turn suggesting that the large-scale translational movement recently proposed for the Southern Piedmont may have occurred prior to intrusion of these granites ∼320 m.y. ago.
Functional Relevance of Urinary-type Plasminogen Activator Receptor-α3β1 Integrin Association in Proteinase Regulatory Pathways

Abstract Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is characterized by persistent, disorganized expression of integrin α3β1 and enhanced production of urinary-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) relative to normal oral mucosa. Because multivalent aggregation of α3β1 integrin up-regulates uPA and induces a dramatic co-clustering of uPAR, we explored the hypothesis that lateral ligation of α3β1 integrin by uPAR contributes to uPA regulation in oral mucosal cells. To investigate mechanisms by which uPAR/α3β1 binding enhances uPA expression, integrin-dependent signal activation was assessed. Both Src and ERK1/2 were phosphorylated in response to integrin aggregation, and blocking Src kinase activity completely abrogated ERK1/2 activation and uPA induction, whereas inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity did not alter uPA expression. Proteinase up-regulation occurred at the transcriptional level and mutation of the AP1 (–1967) site in the uPA promoter blocked the uPAR/integrin-mediated transcriptional activation. Because uPAR is redistributed to clustered α3β1 integrins, the requirement for uPAR/α3β1 interaction in uPA regulation was assessed. Clustering of α3β1 in the presence of a peptide (α325) that disrupts uPAR/α3β1 integrin binding prevented uPA induction. Depletion of cell surface uPAR using small interfering RNA also blocked uPA induction following integrin α3β1 clustering. These results were confirmed using a genetic strategy in which α3 null epithelial cells reconstituted with wild type α3 integrin, but not a mutant α3 unable to bind uPAR, induced uPA expression upon integrin clustering, confirming the critical role of uPAR in integrin-regulated proteinase expression. Disruption of uPAR/α3β1 binding using peptide α325 or small interfering RNA blocked filopodia formation and matrix invasion, indicating that this interaction stimulates invasive behavior. Together these data support a model wherein matrix-induced clustering ofα3β1 integrin promotes uPAR/α3β1 interaction, thereby potentiating cellular signal transduction pathways culminating in activation of uPA expression and enhanced uPA-dependent invasive behavior.