cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Predictive of Cytomegalovirus Immune Status in Pregnant Women

We performed serological tests for antibody to cytomegalovirus on 1989 pregnant women of middle-to-upper socioeconomic status at the time of their first obstetric visit. Fifty percent of the women had antibody to cytomegalovirus. Analysis with a stepwise logistic regression model revealed that seropositivity was independently correlated with nonwhite race, less than 16 years of education, being breast-fed as an infant, the presence of children five to 18 years of age in the home, and maternal age greater than or equal to 30 years. Conversely, women not possessing these risk factors were more likely to be seronegative; 69% of the women without any of the five factors lacked antibody to cytomegalovirus. Serological screening for antibody would be more useful in obstetric practices where the majority of patients lack these risk factors.
Combining combinatorial nanocalorimetry and X-ray diffraction techniques to study the effects of composition and quench rate on Au–Cu–Si metallic glasses

Combinatorial nanocalorimetry is used to characterize at a heating rate of 3 × 104 K s−1 the glass transition, crystallization and melting of Au–Cu–Si metallic glasses that were quenched at 2 × 102 to 2 × 104 K s-1. These experiments are performed over an array of 22 compositions and combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements, which enable analysis of the complex crystallization and vitrification of these alloys. The unprecedented scanning rates and direct measurement of the critical cooling rate for vitrifcation will have a significant impact on metallic glass research.
Sarcomas After Inoculation of Newborn Hamsters with Herpes virus hominis Type 2 Strains

An attempt was made to determine the possible tumorigencity of type 2 Herpes virus hominis (HVH) genital infection in newborn hamsters. Newborn hamsters were inoculated with virus doses greater than 10-3 TCD50 of types 1 or 2 HVH strains. It was found early that virus doses over 10-3 TCD/50 of either type 1 or type 2 HVH produced 95-99% mortality. With lesser virus doses which were then used for later experiments no appreciable difference in mortality was found between type 1 and type 2 strains; about 1/3 of the inoculated animals survived over 3 weeks. Approximately 3/4 of the hamsters receiving ultraviolet-inactivated viruses also survived 3 weeks after inoculation. The frequency of tumors observed was based on those animals surviving over 3 weeks after birth minus the number still under observation. On this basis the frequency of tumors observed was 2.3% in animals inoculated with HVH type 2 strains and 3.2% in hamsters receiving ultraviolet-inactivated type 2 strains. None of newborn hamsters inoculated with type 1 HVH strains developed tumors and 1 of 101 (1%) control animals developed a tumor. Regarding the tumors found after inoculation of HVH type 2 strains 4 tumors were associated with the MS type 2 virus 2 with ALA and 1 each with ELL and LOV. The tumor found in a hamster inoculated with ultraviolet-inactivated virus followed BEN type 2 strain inoculation. The tumors appeared at or close to the site of inoculation in all but 1 case; the 1 exception was an intraperitoneal tumor in an animal inoculated via the intrathoracic route. The tumors appeared from 5-28 months after inoculation. No clear-cut evidence of a relationship between HVH and the tumors by a variety of viological and serological assays has been obtained thus far.
On a reflected Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with an application

The resolvent operator and the moment generating function of a reflected Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process are obtained. These results are then applied to determine the long-run average cost and the total expected discounted cost of operating a finite storage system with content-dependent release rate.
Measurement of VOC Reactivities Using a Photochemical Flow Reactor

A commercial ambient air monitoring instrument, the Airtrak 2000, has been modified for use as a photochemical flow reactor and used to measure the absolute and incremental reactivity of 18 single test VOCs and the incremental reactivity of six multicomponent VOC mixtures. A flow technique is a useful supplement to traditional static chamber experiments. The static chamber technique involves periodic sampling of an irradiated mixture in a photochemical chamber. Under these conditions, the irradiated mixture is always in transition. Using a flow system, a steady-state condition is established within the flow reactor that is representative, in this case, of the early stages of the smog forming process in the atmosphere. The measurement technique also allows changes in the background chamber reactivity to be monitored and taken into account. The incremental reactivity of 13 of the 18 test compounds measured is compared with previously reported results from a static chamber experi ment, and the two data sets ...
How often is the number of divisors of n a divisor of n

Abstract Let d(n) denote the number of positive integers dividing the positive integer n. We show that as x approaches ∞, #{n ≤ x: d(n) divides n} = ( x √ log x)( log log x) −1 + 0(1) .
Significant Hepatic Involvement in Patients with Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency

Objective To determine the frequency of significant liver injury and acute liver failure (ALF) in patients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD), the most common urea cycle defect. Study design In this historical cohort study, charts of 71 patients with OTCD at 2 centers were reviewed to assess the prevalence of ALF (international normalized ratio [INR] ≥2.0), liver dysfunction (INR 1.5-1.99), and hepatocellular injury (aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ≥250 IU/L). Results More than one-half (57%) of the 49 patients with symptomatic OTCD had liver involvement; 29% met the criteria for ALF, 20% had liver dysfunction, and 8% had isolated hepatocellular injury. The prevalence of ALF was highest in the patients with more severe OTCD, including those with markedly elevated ammonia levels (>1000 μmol/L). Some patients with severe liver involvement (INR ≥2.0 and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase >1000 IU/L) had only moderate hyperammonemia (ammonia 100-400 μmol/L). ALF was the initial presenting symptom of OTCD in at least 3 of 49 symptomatic patients with OTCD. Conclusion Episodes of hepatocellular injury, liver dysfunction, and ALF were identified in a high proportion of children with symptomatic OTCD. The more severely affected patients had a higher likelihood of ALF. The diagnosis of a urea cycle defect should be considered in patients with unexplained ALF, liver dysfunction, or hepatocellular injury.
Validating astrophysical simulation codes

Astrophysical simulations model phenomena that can't be fully reproduced terrestrially. Validation then requires carefully devising feasible experiments with the relevant physics. The authors describe validating simulations against experiments that probe fluid instabilities, nuclear burning, and radiation transport, and then discuss insights from - and the limitations of - these tests.
Syntheses, Characterization, and Structural Studies of Several (Nitro)(nitrosyl)iron(III) Porphyrinates: [Fe(Porph)(NO2)(NO)]

The preparation and characterization of several (nitro)(nitrosyl)iron(III) complexes, [Fe(Porph)(NO2)(NO)], where Porph = tetraphenylporphyrin, octaethylporphyrin, tetra-p-methoxyphenylporphyrin, or picket fence porphyrin, are described. Crystal data: [Fe(Tp-OCH3PP)(NO2)(NO)]·CH2Cl2, tetragonal, space group I41/a, Z = 4, with a = 15.620(3) A, c = 18.649(2) A; [Fe(TpivPP)(NO2)(NO)]·C6H5Cl (1), tetragonal, P4/ncc, Z = 4, with a = 18.094(3) A, c = 18.939(4) A, and (2) with a = 18.117(2) A, c = 19.0838(8) A; [Fe(TpivPP)(NO2)(NO)] (3), monoclinic, C2/c, Z = 2, with a = 16.1559(5) A, b = 18.6920(8) A, c = 19.7779(10) A, and β = 90.971(6)°; [Fe(TpivPP)(NO2)(NO)]·C7H8 (4), monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 4, with a = 12.7764(10) A, b = 27.192(2) A, c = 19.1716(8) A, and β = 105.063(5)°. Of the several crystal structures described, two (out of four characterized) picket fence porphyrin derivatives exhibited no crystallographic disorder that led to problems defining the axial ligand geometry. In these two derivatives the Fe...
The annual cycle of fatty acid composition in a starfish.

Abstract 1. 1. Fatty acid levels (C-14 and above) were followed in the digestive glands and gonads of the Tampa Bay starfish, Echinaster , throughout its annual cycle of growth and reproduction. 2. 2. Thirty-four chromatographic peaks were identified in most samples, with the fatty acids, 18:1, 26:1, 20:1, 20:2, 20:4, 20:5, and 16:0 predominating. Generally, branched chain and odd-numbered components were abundant in the lower chain lengths, and poly-unsaturated forms in the higher. 3. 3. With some exceptions, the same patterns of fatty acids were found in the gonads of both sexes as in the digestive glands. Testes levels were always low, while those of the mature ovary often exceeded diminished values in the digestive glands. 4. 4. All major fatty acids follow cycles of concentration indicative of an early fall buildup in the digestive glands and subsequent transfer to the developing gonads. 5. 5. While the basic pattern of fatty acid content could be tied closely to the preferred food source of the animals (sponge aggregates), higher tissue proportions of 18:1 indicated possible additional de novo synthesis. 6. 6. The fatty acid patterns of the specimens studied were quite different from those of a closely related starfish, Echinaster modestus , providing evidence supporting the taxonomic separation of the two forms.
A Rational Approach to Assess Volume Status in Patients with Decompensated Heart Failure

Although the past few decades have yielded significant improvements in the management of cardiomyopathy, heart failure remains a leading cause of hospitalization as well as readmissions, both in the United States and worldwide. Accurate assessment of volume status in these patients is of great importance because it guides initial therapies and aids in determining suitability for discharge. However, this assessment can prove to be challenging and, therefore, must be based on multiple data points and techniques. This review examines the various modalities of volume assessment in the patient with decompensated heart failure.
Multiple Subtypes of Phospholipase C Are Encoded by the norpA Gene of Drosophila melanogaster

The norpA gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C that is essential for phototransduction. Besides being found abundantly in retina, norpA gene products are expressed in a variety of tissues that do not contain phototransduction machinery, implying that norpA is involved in signaling pathways in addition to phototransduction. We have identified a second subtype of norpA protein that is generated by alternative splicing of norpA RNA. The alternative splicing occurs at a single exon that is excluded from mature norpA transcripts when a substitute exon of equal size is retained. The net difference between the two subtypes of norpA protein is 14 amino acid substitutions occurring between amino acid positions 130 and 155 of the enzyme. Results from Northern analyses suggest that norpA subtype I transcripts are most abundantly expressed in adult retina, while subtype II transcripts are most abundant in adult body. Moreover, norpA subtype I RNA can be detected by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in extracts of adult head tissue but not adult body nor at earlier stages of Drosophila development. Conversely, norpA subtype II RNA can be detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction throughout development as well as in heads and bodies of adults. Furthermore, norpA subtype I RNA is easily detected in retina using tissue in situ hybridization analysis, while subtype II RNA is not detectable in retina but is found in brain. Since only norpA subtype I RNA is found in retina, we conclude that subtype I protein is utilized in phototransduction. Since norpA subtype II RNA is not found in retina but is expressed in a variety of tissues not known to contain phototransduction machinery, subtype II protein is likely to be utilized in signaling pathways other than phototransduction. The amino acid differences between the two subtypes of norpA protein may reflect the need for each subtype to interact with signaling components of different signal-generating pathways.
The effect of plasma on hydroxyethyl starch-preserved red cells.

Summary Red blood cells frozen with 14% HES in 30-ml aliquots yield saline stabilities near 75%. When the cells are washed with 0.9% NaCl before freezing the saline stabilities increase to 83% (82.9 ± 1.5). The cell recoveries (near 98%) and the levels of supernatant hemoglobin (300 ± 25 mg%) remain nearly unchanged. The reduced saline stabilities are believed caused by the plasma or a plasma component since resuspending saline-washed red cells in autologous plasma gives stabilities identical to the unwashed cells. The improvement in saline stabilities by washing the red blood cells to remove the plasma occurs throughout a hematocrit range of 20–50%. Prefreeze washing could provide a method of improving the quality of HES-preserved red blood cells.
At home in the world: The lives of Sītādevī

Unexpected events often follow the loss of a charismatic leader and her or his followers' attempts to fill the resultant void. The second generation can sometimes have a greater impact on a movement's self-definition and future directions than its very instigators, who may themselves have attempted, prior to death, to guide their movement's future. The second generation of the Gaud?ya Vaisnava movement is a case in point, particularly with regard to S?tadev?, its first female guru. S?t? was the primary wife of Advait?c?rya, an elderly Vaisnava whose prayers are credited with having induced Caitanya's advent. Gaud?ya Vaisnava authors through the centuries have reached back to that second generation1 for the material with which to shape their visions of their community. This paper will focus on the position of S?t? as depicted in that literature and will speculate on the reasons for the juxtaposition of seemingly contradictory imagery in descriptions of her. The discussion is based primarily on material found in four texts: ?s?na N?gara's Advaitaprak?sa,1 Haricarana D?sa's Advaita ma?gala,3 Visnud?sa's Sh?gunakadamba,* and Lokan?tha D?sa's Slt?caritra* These are not historical texts, and their contents are not matters which can, or should, be historically verified. Rather, they are the accounts of devotees produced to serve particular sectarian political purposes. My retellings of various anecdotes herein should be understood as the mere reportage of the authors' statements and not as suggesting that the material is in any sense historical. Gaud?ya Vaisnavism arose in Nad?y? of what is now West Bengal in north eastern India in the late fifteenth century under the influence of an ecstatic devotee of Krsna known as Krsna Caitanya. The new faith was expressed in simply chanting the names of Krsna (the Supreme) with the guarantee of salvation in the form of an eternal personal relationship with Krsna himself. Gaud?ya Vaisnava theology encourages its (male) followers to imagine them
Identifications of expressed sequence tags from Pacific threadfin (Polydactylus sexfilis) skeletal muscle cDNA library

Pacific threadfin (Polydactylus sexfilis), locally known as Moi, is a desirable fish for aquaculture and recreational fishing. To understand the basic mechanism of muscle formation and its impacts on flesh quality, we established a cDNA library using mRNA of the skeletal muscle tissue from fingerlings. The library size was 1.1 × 108 plaque forming units mg−1 and the percentage of recombinant clones was >81%. A pilot sequencing project from 181 clones identified 129 useful expressed sequence tags (ESTs), of which 90 ESTs exhibited significant homology to known genes and 39 ESTs have low homologies to unknown genes by blast algorithm. The most abundant EST from the pilot sequence data is nikotinamide riboside kinase 2 (59 times), followed by 60S ribosomal protein L24 (12 times) and ribosomal protein L8 (5 times). Fourteen novel genes were retrieved from the sequenced clones and subjected to gene ontology annotation. Four mRNA sequences were identified as significant regulators of transcription, including Not2p, Tsc22 domain family 2, LIM domain binding factor 3 and mesenchyme homeobox 2. These results suggest that the muscle cDNA library is an useful source for identifying EST sequences of Pacific threadfin.
Optimization of modified volume Fresnel zone plates

Modified volume Fresnel zone plates (MVFZPs) fabricated with laser direct writing were optimized for higher diffraction efficiencies. The Fresnel radii in each layer of a volume zone plate were iteratively adjusted by a simulation-based direct search optimization. The results show that optimization is effective but depends strongly on the starting diffraction efficiencies determined by the MVFZP parameters. The simulations indicate that the optimized MVFZP can achieve 93% diffraction efficiency.
A joint frequency-position domain structure identification of nonlinear discrete-time systems by neural networks

A new technique is proposed to identify the structure and the parameters of nonlinear discrete-time system models. The structure is represented in a frequency-position domain of Gabor basis functions (GBFs). A simplification to the GBF is also presented, where the spatial Gaussian envelope of GBF is replaced with a triangular one. A modification to the GBF has also been introduced in order to suppress the effects of noise on the procedure. A three-layered neural network, augmented with nonuniform sampling, is described for solving the system identification problem. >
Timing verification of sequential domino circuits

Two methods are presented for static timing verification of sequential circuits implemented as a mix of static and domino logic. Constraints for proper operation of domino gates are derived. An important observation is that input signals to domino gates may start changing near the end of the evaluate phase. The first method models domino gates explicitly, similar to latches. The second method treats domino gates only during pre- and post-processing steps. This method is shown to be more conservative, but easier to compute.
The Regulation of DNA Synthesis in Eukaryotes

Three aspects of the regulation of initiation of DNA synthesis are considered in this chapter: the timing of DNA synthesis in the cell cycle, the structure of chromosomal replication units, and the role of the known enzymatic components of the cellular DNA synthesizing apparatus in ordering initiation in chromosomal replication units.
TEACHING AND LEARNING BY DOING CORPUS ANALYSIS

TEACHING AND LEARNING BY DOING CORPUS ANALYSIS. Bernard Ketteman and Georg Marko (Eds.). Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2002. Pp. vii + 390. $148.00 cloth.This substantial volume contains 23 papers selected from the Fourth International Conference on Teaching and Language Corpora (TALC) held in Graz, Austria in the summer of 2000. Like many edited conference proceedings, the chapters in this book vary quite widely in both the quality and quantity of the work presented. Further, the substance of some of the stronger contributions—such as Coxhead on academic vocabulary and Lee on a genre-specific index for the British National Corpus (BNC)—had already appeared in journals at the time of this volume's publication (Coxhead in TESOL Quarterly and Lee in Language Learning and Technology). In his opening remarks, McEnery salutes the widening range of topics in this volume, but I am less sanguine about the value of adding breadth. Certainly, the new emphasis on the role of corpora in translation studies and the teaching of translation in the final section is well motivated, but it is less clear whether Renouf's discussion of short-dimension diachronic change or Flowerdew's use of language learning diaries has much to do with the central issues in TALC.
Effects of sampling on signal detection using the Cross-Wigner distribution function.

A discrete-time discrete-frequency implementation of a Wigner distribution based detection system is proposed as an extension to the previously proposed continuous-time Wigner distribution based detection system. To analyze the performance of this discrete system, a discrete-time discrete-frequency version of Moyal’s formula is derived. Using this formula it is shown that the output SNRs for Wigner based methods are lower than the output SNRs of optimal cross-correlators. It is also shown that the worst-case difference in the SNRs is 0.5 dB.
Coral reef calcification: carbonate, bicarbonate and proton flux under conditions of increasing ocean acidification

Data on calcification rate of coral and crustose coralline algae were used to test the proton flux model of calcification. There was a significant correlation between calcification (G) and the ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to proton concentration ([DIC] : [H+] ratio). The ratio is tightly correlated with [CO32−] and with aragonite saturation state (Ωa). An argument is presented that correlation does not prove cause and effect, and that Ωa and [CO32−] have no basic physiological meaning on coral reefs other than a correlation with [DIC] : [H+] ratio, which is the driver of G.
Distributed multi-hop scheduling and medium access with delay and throughput constraints

Providing quality of service in random access multi-hop wireless networks requires support from both medium access and packet scheduling algorithms. However, due to the distributed nature of ad hoc networks, nodes may not be able to determine the next packet that would be transmitted in a (hypothetical) centralized and ideal dynamic priority scheduler. In this paper, we develop two mechanisms for QoS communication in multi-hop wireless networks. First, we devise distributed priority scheduling a technique that piggybacks the priority tag of a node's head-of-line packet onto handshake and data packets; e.g., RTS/DATA packets in IEEE 802.11. By monitoring transmitted packets, each node maintains a scheduling table which is used to assess the node's priority level relative to other nodes. We then incorporate this scheduling table into existing IEEE 802.11 priority back-off schemes to approximate the idealized schedule. Second, we observe that congestion, link errors, and the random nature of medium access prohibit an exact realization of the ideal schedule. Consequently, we devise a scheduling scheme termedmulti-hop coordinationso that downstream nodes can increase a packet's relative priority to make up for excessive delays incurred upstream. We next develop a simple analytical model to quantitatively explore these two mechanisms. In the former case, we study the impact of the probability of overhearing another packet's priority index on the scheme's ability to achieve the ideal schedule. In the latter case, we explore the role of multi-hop coordination in increasing the probability that a packet satisfies its end-to-end QoS target. Finally, we perform a set of ns-2 simulations to study the scheme's performance under more realistic conditions.
Layer assignment for multichip modules

The layer assignment problem that arises in the design of a multichip module, a high-performance compact package for the interconnection of several hundred chips, is studied. The aim is to place each net in a x-y pair of layers, so as to minimize the number of such pairs. An approximation algorithm, running in O(nd) time is presented for minimizing the number of layers, where n is the number of nets and d is the (two-dimensional) density of the problem. >
A critical review of ‘A critical review’: the methodology of the 1993 World Development Report, ‘Investing in Health’

Since its publication in 1993, the World Bank's World Development Report, Investing in Health, has been subjected to much criticism, particularly over the way it proposes to measure the health losses summarized in the concept of the 'burden of disease', and to establish priorities for health interventions according to the reduction in mortality and disability they could produce and what they would cost. Some of these criticisms are justified, and are recognized by the WDR; others arise from misunderstanding or misapplication of the concepts. Sifting these criticisms to arrive at a better understanding requires looking at what kind of analysis is involved, how the subjective elements of the exercise were determined, and how they can be used to choose which interventions deserve priority when a country cannot meet all its citizens' health needs.
Marital Status and Depression: The Importance of Coping Resources

in this paper we advance a heretofore underdeveloped interpretation of the commonly observed association between marital status and depression: that married people have comparatively low depression rates because they are, for several reasons, emotionally less damaged by stressful experiences than are nonmarried people. Most previous research has argued that marriage is associated with low rates of depression because it shields the individual from exposure to stress. However, our analysis shows quite clearly that more is involved. Studying a sample of role strains, we show that the emotional impact of these are less damaging than they are for the nonmarried. Analysis reveals that several different social and intrapsychic resources are implicated in this comparatively low emotional responsiveness.
Redeemed From Time: Learning Through Autobiography:

Autobiography is an important means of facilitating adult learning and development. The process which is most associated with autobiography is memory. Memory is more than the recollection of past e...
Stable allocations in distributed real-time systems with multiple environmental parameters and replicable applications

This paper extends the previous work on the maximal allowable workload (MAW) problem [D. Juedes et al., (2004)] by investigating a resource allocation problem for distributed real-time systems that contain replicable applications. The systems may use multiple resources of a single type and be affected by multiple environmental factors. The approach searches for a feasible allocation that maximizes a user defined metric of stability. Several algorithms were developed and experiments were conducted to demonstrate the relative strength of these algorithms. The results showed that simulated annealing provides results that are the closest to the optimal for maximizing environmental parameter settings. In addition modified greedy first fit is shown to be the best performing algorithm for finding feasible allocations.
Where is Culture in the Acculturation Model

The lead article provides a useful overview of the broad literature concerned with immigration and acculturation. Much of the paper concerns the terminology that might be used to study these phenomena. Thus, it is appropriate to ask if the proposed terminology is optimal. In addition, the paper presents a broad model of the factors that lead to adaptation. It is appropriate, then, to ask if the model is sufficiently complete.
Applying Research in Motivation and Learning to Music Education: What the Experts Say.

Current research on motivation and learning may assist teachers in identifying strategies to help students be successful and persevere in the music classroom. Students’ beliefs about their ability ...
Peacocks, Picasso, and parental investment: The effects of romantic motives on creativity

Four experiments explored the effects of mating motivation on creativity. Even without other incentives to be creative, romantic motives enhanced creativity on subjective and objective measures. For men, any cue designed to activate a short-term or a long-term mating goal increased creative displays; however, women displayed more creativity only when primed to attract a high-quality long-term mate. These creative boosts were unrelated to increased effort on creative tasks or to changes in mood or arousal. Furthermore, results were unaffected by the application of monetary incentives for creativity. These findings align with the view that creative displays in both sexes may be linked to sexual selection, qualified by unique exigencies of human parental investment.
Origin of the Universe as a quantum tunneling event

We present a nonsingular model of cosmogenesis in which the Universe arises as a result of quantum-mechanical barrier penetration. The Universe is described throughout its evolution by a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric, and the matter distribution by a perfect fluid, whose equation of state is chosen so as to allow the tunneling to occur. Cosmic evolution proceeds in three stages; an initial static spacetime configuration tunnels into a "fireball" state in which particle creation occurs. As the fireball expands, particle creation ends, and the Universe enters the "post-big-bang" epoch of adiabatic expansion. We find that within the context of the FRW ansatz, only a spatially closed universe may originate in this manner. Implications of this creation scheme and possible generalizations are discussed. As a by-product of this investigation we find that the evolution of the Universe is described by a Gell-Mann---Low equation with the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ function specified by the equation of state.
Impact of Play Therapy on Parent-Child Relationship Stress at a Mental Health Training Setting.

This study investigated the impact of Child-Centred Play Therapy (CCPT)/Non-Directive Play Therapy on parent–child relationship stress using archival data from 202 child clients divided into clinical behavioural groups over 3–74 sessions in a mental health training setting. Results demonstrated significant differences between pre and post testing on the Parenting Stress Index. CCPT appeared to be especially effective with children identified with clinical externalising behavioural problems, combined externalising and internalising behavioural problems, and children who were not categorised with clinical problem behaviours but whose parents sought counselling services for them. There were also significant differences determined by length of therapy. Results are discussed concerning implications for clinical practice and further research.
Percolation and ferromagnetism on Z2: the q-state Potts cases☆

Abstract For the nearest-neighbor Potts ferromagnets on Z 2 , it is shown that the magnetized states are characterized by percolation of the preferred species, which generalizes a result known previously only for the Ising system.
SCR self supplied gate driver for medium voltage application with capacitor as storage element

The resent increase in the application of medium-voltage variable-frequency drives and solid-state starters to AC motors has revived the idea of the SCR self-supplied gate driver (SSGD). This solution eliminates the need for an isolated power supply board or auxiliary power supply, with substantial savings in cost and space in medium-voltage applications. In this paper, the objective has been to confirm a design method for an SSGD with a capacitor as the storage element. Results of extensive research conducted using a PSpice model to calculate the voltage drop on the storage capacitor due to the thyristor gate current and the SSGD ability to restore charge for a single SCR and a back-to-back SCR in different topologies at medium voltage are presented and discussed. It is shown that, for a single SCR, only voltage across the SCR is used to charge the storage capacitor, while for the back-to-back SCR, the storage capacitor restores charge from energy stored in the snubber capacitor at turn-on and the voltage across the SCR at turn-off. A number of waveforms related to the AC/AC converter in solid-state starters and the thyristor input rectifier in the drive are given for practical assessment of the proposed system. The SSGD has been already successfully applied in medium-voltage solid-state starters, and some experimental results are presented.
The Non-Impact of Paper Color on Exam Performance

ABSTRACT: This study attempts to determine if the conclusions of Fordham and Hayes (2009) can be confirmed to include exam performance (they study only quiz performance) by examining the impact of paper color on student final exam performance. One thousand three hundred seventy-two final exams were evaluated covering ten academic quarters, from the Winter 2007 through the Winter 2011. Over this time period, eight different paper colors were used, including seven pastel colors and white. The results show that paper color has no impact on student exam performance and that paper color and student exam performance are independent factors. If we assume that students are motivated to take a final exam and less so to take a quiz, then student motivation (as per Soldat et al. 1997) may be a plausible explanation for the differing results between this study and Fordham and Hayes (2009). The results of this study suggest there may not be a need to restrict the use of pastel paper color on exams, although we describ...
ETS family protein ETV2 is required for initiation of the endothelial lineage but not the hematopoietic lineage in the Xenopus embryo.

Transcription factors of the ETS family are important regulators of endothelial and hematopoietic development. We have characterized the Xenopus orthologue of the ETS transcription factor, ETV2. Expression analysis shows that etv2 is highly expressed in hematopoietic and endothelial precursor cells in the Xenopus embryo. In gain-of-function experiments, ETV2 is sufficient to activate ectopic expression of vascular endothelial markers. In addition, ETV2 activated expression of hematopoietic genes representing the myeloid but not the erythroid lineage. Loss-of-function studies indicate that ETV2 is required for expression of all endothelial markers examined. However, knockdown of ETV2 has no detectable effects on expression of either myeloid or erythroid markers. This contrasts with studies in mouse and zebrafish where ETV2 is required for development of the myeloid lineage. Our studies confirm an essential role for ETV2 in endothelial development, but also reveal important differences in hematopoietic development between organisms. Developmental Dynamics 239:1178–1187, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The effects of nutrient addition on floral characters and pollination in two subalpine plants, Ipomopsis aggregata and Linum lewisii

The availability of soil and pollination resources are main determinants of fitness in many flowering plants, but the degree to which each is limiting and how they interact to affect plant fitness is unknown for many species. We performed resource (water and nutrients) and pollination (open and supplemental) treatments on two species of flowering plants, Ipomopsis aggregata and Linum lewisii, that differed in life-history, and we measured how resource addition affected floral characters, pollination, and reproduction (both male and female function). We separated the direct effects of resources versus indirect effects on female function via changes in pollination using a factorial experiment and path analysis. Resource addition affected I. aggregata and L. lewisii differently. Ipomopsis aggregata, a monocarp, responded to fertilization in the year of treatment application, increasing flower production, bloom duration, corolla width, nectar production, aboveground biomass, and pollen receipt relative to control plants. Fertilization also increased total seed production per plant, and hand-pollination increased seeds per fruit in I. aggregata, indicating some degree of pollen limitation of seed production. In contrast, fertilization had no effect on growth or reproductive output in the year of treatment on L. lewisii, a perennial, except that fertilization lengthened bloom duration. However, delayed effects of fertilization were seen in the year following treatment, with fertilized plants having greater aboveground biomass, seeds per fruit, and seeds per plant than control plants. In both species, there were no effects of resource addition on male function, and the direct effects of fertilization on female function were relatively stronger than the indirect effects via changes in pollination. Although we studied only two plant species, our results suggest that life-history traits may play an important role in determining the reproductive responses of plants to soil nutrient and pollen additions.
Discussion of the Probability of Finding Habitable Planets for Humans Orbiting Sun-Like Stars

Most scientists that are interested in the habitability of planets can agree on the definition of a habitable zone. But from the quotes shown above, it is clear that there is very little agreement for how prevalent life forms are beyond the Earth. We geoscientists know that the Earth has had a complex evolution and that is a large part of the problem. The metazoan life forms on Earth appear to be a result of this complex evolution of the planet. How about the origin of the simpler forms of life? Could a less complex planetary evolution result in less complex life forms? And does this less complex planet evolution scheme make it more probable to find habitable planets in other star-planet systems?
Sikh Politics, Gender, and Narrative Identity

This essay explains the contradiction shared by many Sikhs who vehemently oppose sexism as antithetical to Sikhism, but simultaneously engage in discrimination against women. What makes the contradiction even more interesting is the fact that it is not simply upheld by men, but most Sikh women maintain that Sikhism has eliminated sexism even though gender-based discrimination is a common, everyday lived experience. As a result, the essay asks: how do ordinary Sikhs maintain a belief in gender equality while also participating in discriminatory practices against women? To make sense of this contradiction, I rely on the Margaret Somers' notion of narrative identity. According to Somers (1994), it is through narrativity that we come to know, understand, and make sense of the social world, and it is through narrativity that we constitute our social identities. By adopting Somer's notion of narrative identity I am able to explain the uneasy way in which individuals understand themselves through and act based on a Sikh public narrative of gender equality, which does not map neatly onto ontological narratives that give rise to gender-based discriminatory practices. The goal of the analysis is to make sense of the apparent contradiction espoused by so many Sikhs by reading their interview responses through the interplay of two types of narratives: a Sikh public narrative and individual ontological narratives.
A satellite digital controller or 'play that PID tune again, Sam'

The problem discussed is to design a digital controller for a typical satellite. The controlled plant is considered to be a rigid body acting in a plane. The controller is assumed to be a digital computer which, when combined with the proposed control algorithm, can be represented as a sampled-data system. The objective is to present a design strategy and technique for selecting numerical values for the control gains (assuming position, integral, and derivative feedback) and the sample rate. The technique is based on the parameter plane method and requires that the system be amenable to z-transform analysis.
Glass Formation and Local Topological Instability of Atomic Structure

A direct connection between the local topology of the atomic structure of liquids and glasses and thermodynamic quantities through the atomic level stresses is suggested for metallic alloys. In particular the role of local topological instability in the phase transformations involving liquid and glass will be discussed. It is pointed out that a single local geometrical criterion can explain various phase transformations, such as melting, glass transition, and glass formation by solid state reaction and liquid quenching.
Multi-Aspect Security Assessment of Airport Computer Networks

Future airport computer network systems will provide advanced services to passengers, airlines, and maintenance personnel such as ubiquitous wireless access to critical services and increased physical security monitoring capabilities. To enable such advancements, different services will share the same support infrastructure such as hosts, wired and wireless networks, and access credentials. However, such integration will dramatically increase the complexity of airport networks. As the system complexity increases, manually analyzing the interconnections between components, their states and configurations to detect errors is going to be a challenge. Errors in configurations of components (e.g., firewalls or access credential) can create conditions that allow malicious users to potentially compromise systems and damage the infrastructure. This paper presents an architecture for security analysis suited for complex airport cyber-physical networks. Airport computer networks pose a challenge to the traditional IT security analyses: airport systems are heterogeneous entities created by the interconnections of multiple systems such as operation support systems for airlines and control networks for runway lights and distribution of fuel. This work provides a guide for the design of future cyber-security systems that can support the work of airport security officers in evaluating and maintaining the security of complex airport network systems. he infrastructure of airports heavily depends upon computer systems to operate. Networked computer systems provide the infrastructure for the operations of airlines throughout the terminal, provide wireless connectivity to passengers and maintenance personnel, and support the operations of the airport physical infrastructure. Runway lights, distribution of fuel, physical security monitoring, and distribution of electric power are all controlled remotely through network connections. In the future, the reliance upon automatic systems is even going to increase, as demands for an efficient infrastructure are leading to the integration of multiple systems with the use of computer networks. As airports are part of the critical infrastructure of a nation, maintaining the security of their operations is a priority. This paper introduces a distributed architecture for detecting cyber-security problems caused by errors in the configurations of the networked systems that support the airport operations. We propose a solution that integrates cyber-security with the physical characteristics of the infrastructure, and we propose a distributed architecture that matches the systems-of-systems structure of the airport infrastructure. While a large amount of work has been focused on creating physical security measures to protect the airport infrastructure, concerns about cyber-security problems are more recent. For example, a study
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (1762–1814)

Johann Gottlieb Fichte was a key figure in the development of German nationalism during the first decades of the nineteenth century. In Addresses to the German Nation, a series of public lectures delivered after Napoleon had inflicted a disastrous defeat on Prussia and while much of the German-speaking lands were under direct or indirect French rule, he sought to define what a nation is, what set the German nation apart from others, and how Germany was to be rescued from its predicament. Keywords: identity; nationalism; political theory
Student Privacy and Educational Data Mining: Perspectives from Industry.

While the field of educational data mining (EDM) has generated many innovations for improving educational software and student learning, the mining of student data has recently come under a great deal of scrutiny. Many stakeholder groups, including public officials, media outlets, and parents, have voiced concern over the privacy of student data and their efforts have garnered national attention. The momentum behind and scrutiny of student privacy has made it increasingly difficult for EDM applications to transition from academia to industry. Based on experience as academic researchers transitioning into industry, we present three primary areas of concern related to student privacy in practice: policy, corporate social responsibility, and public opinion. Our discussion will describe the key challenges faced within these categories, strategies for overcoming them, and ways in which the academic EDM community can support the adoption of innovative technologies in large-scale production.
Commentary on "Tumor Heterogeneity and the Biology of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis".

See related article by Fidler, [Cancer Res 1978; 38:2651–2660][1] . Visit the Cancer Research 75th Anniversary [timeline][2]. Metastasis, the transfer of disease from one organ or part to another not directly connected to it, is the major cause of cancer-related deaths ([1][3]). The pathogenesis
Abstract LB-042: MCPIP1 suppresses breast tumor progression by targeting anti-apoptosis pathway

The ability to evade apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer and also plays a significant role in cancer resistance to conventional therapy. While recent progress has broadened our understanding of the apoptosis-evasion mechanisms by cancer cells, how apoptosis resistance develops in cancer cells through posttranscriptional mechanisms, especially by the newly discovered RNA-binding protein monocyte chemotactic protein induced protein 1 (MCPIP1), remains unknown. Here, we report that MCPIP1 expression is impaired in breast tumors and breast tumor cell lines, with the severest impairment in highly metastatic tumors. Ectopic expression of MCPIP1 causes apoptosis of breast tumor cells through selectively suppression of anti-apoptotic gene transcripts, including Bcl2L1, Bcl2A1, RelB, Birc3 and Bcl3. This suppression is medicated through a physical interaction between the PIN domain of MCPIP1 and the 3′UTRs of anti-apoptotic transcripts, resulting in mRNA degradation and tumor cell apoptosis. In difference from the RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin which binds to the ARE in the 3′UTR of target genes for mRNA decay, MCPIP1 specially recognizes a stem-loop structure in the 3′UTR of anti-apoptotic genes for binding and mRNA decay. Furthermore, induction of MCPIP not only ameliorates breast tumor formation but also completely shrinks the established tumors within six days. Lung metastasis is also significantly reduced by MCPIP1 induction. The tumor suppressive effect of MCPIP1 acts through activation of apoptosis. Importantly, by analysis of the excised breast tumors of 251 patients, we found that low MCPIP1 levels in tumors are strongly associated with poor survival of patients over 13 years of follow up. Taken together, we demonstrate that MCPIP1 is a novel potent tumor suppressor which induces tumor apoptosis through tipping the balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes via selectively targeting the mRNAs of anti-apoptotic genes for degradation. MCPIP1 can serve as a new therapeutic target for treatment of breast cancer and other cancers as well. Citation Format: Jianguo Liu, Wenbao Lu, Huan Ning, Hui Peng, Qinghong Wang, Rong Hou. MCPIP1 suppresses breast tumor progression by targeting anti-apoptosis pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-042. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-042