cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear laser synchrotron source experiment for tunable, monochromatic X-rays

Summary form only given. The laser synchrotron source (LSS) experiment at the Naval Research Laboratory generates X-rays using Thomson scattering of laser photons from a relativistic electron beam. Previous experiments utilized a thermionic RF electron gun operating at 2.856 GHz to produce electron beams with an energy of 4.1 MeV and average currents of 300 mA over the 300-nsec macropulse. A Nd:Glass laser (5 J, 10 nsec, 1.053 m wavelength) was used in a 180-degree scattering geometry. Experimental results included the generation of 372 eV photons with 2% bandwidth and 2/spl times/10/sup 7/ photons per pulse. A new experiment is underway to investigate nonlinear Thomson scattering using a new photocathode RF gun (BNL IV design) and the T/sup 3/ laser (/spl sim/1 J, 0.3 psec). When this laser is focused to a spot size of 10 /spl mu/m the peak intensity reaches 6/spl times/10/sup 18/ W/cm/sup 2/ with a corresponding laser strength parameter a/sub 0/=2.2. The quiver motion of an electron in such an intense field is relativistic, and the scattered radiation occurs at higher harmonics of the linear Doppler-upshifted frequency. The new experiment has two laser pulse compressors: one for the uv pulse which illuminates the photocathode and one for the main (scattering) laser pulse. This allows the electron beam and scattering beam pulse lengths to be varied independently. The nominal RF gun operating parameters are 4.5 MeV, 100 A peak current, <1 nC charge, pulse lengths of a few psec, and a normalized rms emittance of 3 /spl pi/-mm-mrad. Results will be presented on the conditioning and initial operation of the RF gun.
Oscillatory and Steady Laminar Shear Stress Differentially Affect Human Endothelial Redox State: Role of a Superoxide-Producing NADH Oxidase

Atherosclerotic lesions are found opposite vascular flow dividers at sites of low shear stress and oscillatory flow. Since endothelial proinflammatory genes prominent in lesions are regulated by oxidation-sensitive transcriptional control mechanisms, we examined the redox state of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells after either oscillatory or steady laminar fluid shear stress. Endothelial oxidative stress was assessed by measuring activity of the superoxide (O2.- )-producing NADH oxidase (a major source of reactive oxygen species in vascular cells), intracellular O2.- levels, induction of the redox-sensitive gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and abundance of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), an antioxidant defense enzyme whose level of expression adapts to changes in oxidative stress. When cells were exposed to oscillatory shear (+/-5 dyne/cm2, 1 Hz) for 1, 5, and 24 hours, NADH oxidase activity and the amount of HO-1 progressively increased up to 174+/-16% (P<0.05) and 505+/-111% (P<0.05) versus static conditions, respectively, whereas levels of Cu/Zn SOD remained unchanged. This upregulation of HO-1 was completely blocked by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 20 mmol/L). In contrast, steady laminar shear (5 dyne/cm2) induced NADH oxidase activity and NAC-sensitive HO-1 mRNA expression only at 1 and 5 hours, a transient response that returned toward baseline at 24 hours. Levels of Cu/Zn SOD mRNA and protein were increased after 24 hours of steady laminar shear. Furthermore, intracellular O2.-, as measured by dihydroethidium fluorescence, was higher in cells exposed to oscillatory than to laminar shear. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that continuous oscillatory shear causes a sustained activation of pro-oxidant processes resulting in redox-sensitive gene expression in human endothelial cells. Steady laminar shear stress initially activates these processes but appears to induce compensatory antioxidant defenses. We speculate that differences in endothelial redox state, orchestrated by different regimens of shear stress, may contribute to the focal nature of atherosclerosis.
Computing separable functions via gossip

Motivated by applications to sensor, peer-to-peer, and ad-hoc networks, we study the problem of computing functions of values at the nodes in a network in a totally distributed manner. In particular, we consider separable functions, which can be written as linear combinations of functions of individual variables. Known iterative algorithms for averaging can be used to compute the normalized values of such functions, but these algorithms do not extend in general to the computation of the actual values of separable functions.The main contribution of this paper is the design of a distributed randomized algorithm for computing separable functions based on properties of exponential random variables. We bound the running time of our algorithm in terms of the running time of an information spreading algorithm used as a subroutine by the algorithm. Since we are interested in totally distributed algorithms, we consider a randomized gossip mechanism for information spreading as the subroutine. Combining these algorithms yields a complete and simple distributed algorithm for computing separable functions.The second contribution of this paper is an analysis of the information spreading time of the gossip algorithm. This analysis yields an upper bound on the information spreading time, and therefore a corresponding upper bound on the running time of the algorithm for computing separable functions, in terms of the conductance of an appropriate stochastic matrix. These bounds imply that, for a class of graphs with small spectral gap (such as grid graphs), the time used by our algorithm to compute averages is of a smaller order than the time required for the computation of averages by a known iterative gossip scheme [5].
Emergency medicine and hospital medicine: a call for collaboration.

Abstract Background In the United States, emergency physicians and hospitalists are increasingly responsible for managing hospitalized patients. These specialists share a common practice space and similar shift work schedules. Together they govern decisions about use of the most expensive care setting in medicine—the hospital. Discussion Unfortunately, in most institutions there is little collaboration between emergency physicians and hospitalists, resulting in missed opportunities to improve the quality of care and reduce its cost. In this call to action, we challenge emergency physicians and hospitalists to work together to develop protocols for consistent, evidence-based, and expeditious care of patients admitted from the ED; to collaborate in the care of ED patients who can safely be discharged home; to pursue joint quality, hospital leadership, and cost-effectiveness projects; to work in partnership to assure adequate staffing of hospital-based specialists; and to cooperate in the professional, front-line assessment of clinically and fiscally driven policies aimed at assessing the appropriateness of hospital admissions and readmissions. Summary Hospital care is increasingly driven by emergency physicians and hospitalists. We envision a vital role for ongoing collaboration between them in achieving the goals of patient care, education, and quality and safety outcomes.
Recent QCD results from the Tevatron

Recent QCD related results from the CDF and the DO experiments are presented based on proton anti-proton collision data at s = 1.96 TeV , taken in Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Measured observables include inclusive photon and diphoton production, vector boson plus jets production, event shape variables, and inclusive multijet production. The measurement results are compared to QCD theory calculations in different approximations. A determination of the strong coupling constant from jet data is presented.
Nonparametric identification of regression models containing a misclassified dichotomous regressor without instruments

This note considers nonparametric identi…cation of a general nonlinear regression model with a dichotomous regressor subject to misclassi…cation error. The available sample information consists of a dependent variable and a set of regressors, one of which is binary and error-ridden with misclassi…cation error that has unknown distribution. Our identi…cation strategy does not parameterize any regression or distribution functions, and does not require additional sample information such as instrumental variables, repeated measurements, or an auxiliary sample. Our main identifying assumption is that the regression model error has zero conditional third moment. The results include a closed-form solution for the unknown distributions and the regression function.
Fullerene (C60) immunoconjugates: interaction of water-soluble C60 derivatives with the murine anti-gp240 melanoma antibody

The first fullerene (C60) immunoconjugates have been prepared and characterized as an initial step toward the development of fullerene immunotherapy (FIT).
On Coxeter Diagrams of complex reflection groups

We study complex Coxeter diagrams of some unitary reflection groups. Using solely the combinatorics of diagrams, we give a new proof of the classification of root lattices defined over E = Z(e 2�i/3 ): there are only four such lattices, namely, the E-lattices whose real forms are A2, D4, E6 and E8. Next, we address the issue of characterizing the diagrams for unitary reflection groups, a question that was raised by Broue, Malle and Rouquier. To this end, we describe an algorithm which, given a unitary reflection group G, picks out a set of complex reflections. If G is the reflection group of a root lattice defined over E, the reflections selected by the algorithm form the known diagram for G. For the reflection group of the complex Coxeter-Todd lattice K E 12 , we find a new diagram that extends to an "affine diagram" withZ/7Z symmetry. If G is a Weyl group, the algorithm immediately yields a set of simple roots. Otherwise, experimental evidences indicate that the algorithm selects a minimal generating set of reflections if G is primitive and G has a set of roots whose Z-span is a discrete subset of the ambient vector space.
Comparison of admissibility conditions for cyclotomic Birman–Wenzl–Murakami algebras

Abstract We show the equivalence of admissibility conditions proposed by Wilcox and Yu (in press) [11] and by Rui and Xu (2009) [9] for the parameters of cyclotomic BMW algebras.
Long-time states of inverse cascades in the presence of a maximum length scale

It is shown numerically, both for the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes (guiding-center plasma) equations and for two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics, that the long-time asymptotic state in a forced inverse-cascade situation is one in which the spectrum is completely dominated by its own fundamental. The growth continues until the fundamental is dissipatively limited by its own dissipation rate.
Verification of the VLSI-/370 microprocessor

The author discusses the development of the VLSI-/370 microprocessor, especially the top-down verification process mainly based on the multilevel design verification system presented by W. Roesner (1988). The focus is on the functional design verification, which is based on various simulation processes. A major objective is to start the verification process as early as possible, long before the design is complete. This objective is important also for microcode and testcase development. To achieve this goal, a set of specification languages for different levels of abstraction has been developed in order to generate and simulate models composed even of mixes of these levels. >
Recent Measurements of CP-Violation at the B-Factories

Recent measurements of time-dependent CP-asymmetries at the B-factories have led to substantial progress in our understanding of CP-violation. In this paper, we review some of these experimental results and discuss their implications in the Standard Model and their sensitivity to New Physics.
Information asymmetries in pay-per-bid auctions

Recently, some mainstream e-commerce web sites have begun using "pay-per-bid" auctions to sell items, from video games to bars of gold. In these auctions bidders incur a cost for placing each bid in addition to (or sometimes in lieu of) the winner's final purchase cost. Thus even when a winner's purchase cost is a small fraction of the item's intrinsic value, the auctioneer can still profit handsomely from the bid fees. Our work provides novel analyses for these auctions, based on both modeling and datasets derived from auctions at Swoopo.com, the leading pay-per-bid auction site. While previous modeling work predicts profit-free equilibria, we analyze the impact of information asymmetry broadly, as well as Swoopo features such as bidpacks and the Swoop It Now option specifically. We find that even small asymmetries across players (cheaper bids, better estimates of other players' intent, different valuations of items, committed players willing to play "chicken") can increase the auction duration significantly and thus skew the auctioneer's profif disproportionately. We discuss our findings in the context of a dataset of thousands of live auctions we observed on Swoopo, which enables us also to examine behavioral factors, such as the power of aggressive bidding. Ultimately, our findings show that even with fully rational players, if players overlook or are unaware any of these factors, the result is outsized profits for pay-per-bid auctioneers.
A Model for the flaring radio emission in the double pulsar system J0737-3039

The binary system J07373039AB includes two pulsars in a highly relativistic orbit. The pulsed radio flux from pulsar B brightens considerably during two portions of each orbit. This phenomenon cannot be naturally triggered by the illumination of g-rays or X-rays from pulsar A or by the bow shock around pulsar B. Instead, we explain these periodic flares quantitatively as episodes during which pairs from pulsar A’s wind flow into the open field line region of pulsar B and emit curvature radiation at radio frequencies within an altitude of ∼10 8 cm. The radio photons then travel through B’s magnetosphere and eventually reach the observer on the other side of the pulsar. Our model requires that A’s wind be anisotropic and that B’s spin axis be somewhat misaligned relative to the orbital angular momentum. We estimate the expected g-ray and X-ray emission from the system. Subject headings: pulsars: individual (PSR J07373039A, PSR J07373039B) — stars: neutron — X-rays: stars
Abstract commensurators of braid groups

Abstract Let B n be the braid group on n ⩾ 4 strands. We show that the abstract commensurator of B n is isomorphic to Mod ( S ) ⋉ ( Q × ⋉ Q ∞ ) , where Mod ( S ) is the extended mapping class group of the sphere with n + 1 punctures.
New data reveal mature, integrated drainage systems on Mars indicative of past precipitation

Earlier analyses of valley networks on Mars often concluded that they were poorly integrated, immature drainage systems. Consequently, surface runoff from precipitation was generally thought to be an unimportant geomorphic process. Combination of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) imaging and altimetry data sets, however, provides a vast improvement in image clarity and resolution. Although we have used the same defining characteristics for valley networks as used in previous work, our mapping in the Martian highlands reveals up to an order of magnitude higher values for the number of valleys, total valley length, and drainage density. Segments can now be mapped a greater distance with the result that the heads of numerous systems reach right up to the drainage divides. Moreover, MGS data show that many previously mapped, unconnected, low-stream-order segments are part of larger, integrated, mature drainage networks. In light of these new data, it is likely that surface runoff (and, by inference, precipitation) played an important role in the sculpting of large regions of the Martian landscape early in the planet’s history.
On the feasibility of four-switch three-phase BLDC motor drives for low cost commercial applications: topology and control

The main purpose of this paper is to describe a low cost four-switch brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive for commercial applications. For effective utilization of the developed system, a novel direct current controlled PWM scheme is designed and implemented to produce the desired dynamic and static speed-torque characteristics. Also, the feasibility of the four-switch converter is extended to two-phase BLDC motor drives and the six-switch converter for power factor correction and speed control. The operational principle of the four-switch BLDC motor drive and the developed control scheme are theoretically analyzed and the performance is demonstrated by both simulation and experimental results.
Acoustic-Gravity Waves Interacting with a Rectangular Trench

A mathematical solution of the two-dimensional linear problem of an acoustic-gravity wave interacting with a rectangular trench, in a compressible ocean, is presented. Expressions for the flow field on both sides of the trench are derived. The dynamic bottom pressure produced by the acoustic-gravity waves on both sides of the trench is measurable, though on the transmission side it decreases with the trench depth. A successful recording of the bottom pressures could assist in the early detection of tsunami.
ARCADE: Absolute radiometer for cosmology, astrophysics, and diffuse emission

Abstract The absolute radiometer for cosmology, astrophysics, and diffuse emission (ARCADE) is a balloon-borne instrument designed to measure the temperature of the cosmic microwave background at centimeter wavelengths. ARCADE searches for deviations from a blackbody spectrum resulting from energy releases in the early universe. Long-wavelength distortions in the CMB spectrum are expected in all viable cosmological models. Detecting these distortions or showing that they do not exist is an important step for understanding the early universe. We describe the ARCADE instrument design, current status, and future plans.
Evaluating Online Dialogue on “Security” Using a Novel Instructional Design

Abstract: This paper explores evaluation strategies to gauge the impact of a novel instructional design on international community participation online. This is done by conceptualizing and devising indicators for measuring “engagement” online amongst marginalized adult communities worldwide. In doing so, a review of online evaluation literature is conducted. In comparing dialogue sessions based on an ongoing traditional model to the new instructional approach, various challenges are faced in “measuring” asynchronous discussion. While the initial findings of marginal increase in engagement with the adapted instructional approach is not sufficient to prove that the new model works, this paper demonstrates various strategies/ challenges in evaluating dialectic engagement.
Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children: Clinical Manifestations

During the past decade, the increasing number of recognized cases of eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults has resulted in a dramatic expansion of the medical literature surrounding it. Clinical and basic research has contributed to a better, but still incomplete, body of knowledge regarding its clinical and histologic manifestations, as well as its immunologic and genetic pathogenesis. This article provides a broad framework for recognizing the remarkable variety of clinical manifestations of eosinophilic esophagitis in children, which must be considered as part of the differential diagnosis in many different clinical situations.
The union bound for turbo coded modulation systems over fading channels

We derive performance bounds for turbo coded modulation systems over fading channels. We consider the Ricean fading channel model both with and without channel state information (CSI). The bounds are extensions of similar bounds derived for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels by Duman and Salehi (see IEEE Transactions on Communications, p.511-21, 1999). For the special case of a Rayleigh fading channel with CSI we also derive a tighter version of the bound. In addition, we illustrate the use of the new bounds via some numerical examples.
Pricing, Competition, and Routing for Selfish and Strategic Nodes in Multi-Hop Relay Networks

We study pricing games in multi-hop relay networks where nodes price their services and route their traffic selfishly and strategically. Each node (1) makes a bid to each of its customers, specifying a charging function and a proposed traffic share, and (2) allocates its received traffic to its service providers. A node aims to maximize its profit from forwarding traffic. We show that the socially optimal routing can always be induced by an equilibrium where no node can increase its profit by unilaterally changing its bids. Inefficient equilibria arise in oligopolies due to the monopolistic pricing power of a superior relay. It results in finite price of anarchy if marginal cost functions are concave, but unbounded price of anarchy when they are convex. Pricing games of general topology suffer from the intrinsic multi-hop network structure, which gives rise to infinite price of anarchy.
Strongly Coupled Computation of Material Response and Nonequilibrium Flow for Hypersonic Ablation

The steps necessary to achieve the strong coupling between a flowfield solver and a material response solver are presented. This type of coupling is required to accurately capture the complex aerothermodynamic physics occurring during hypersonic atmospheric entries. A blowing boundary condition for the flowfield solver is proposed. This allows the ablating gas calculated by the material response solver to be correctly injected in the boundary layer. A moving mesh algorithm for the flowfield solver that implicitly enforces the geometric conservation law is presented. Using that capability, a mesh movement procedure for surface recession and for accurate shock capturing is proposed. The entire technique is tested using a material response solver with surface ablation and pyrolysis coupled to a hypersonic solver for weakly ionized flows in thermochemical nonequilibrium. Results using the reentry trajectory of the IRV-2 test vehicle are presented, showing that the surface heat fluxes remain accurate as the ve...
What makes reforms likely: Political economy determinants of reforms in Latin America

The purpose of this paper is to test the main hypotheses of the recent theoretical literature on the political economy of reform for the case of the Latin American countries between 1985 and 1995. ...
Liquid-crystal blazed-grating beam deflector

A transmission-type nonmechanical multiple-angle beam-steering device that uses liquid-crystal blazed grating has been developed. Sixteen steering angles with a contrast ratio of 18 has been demonstrated. A detailed analysis of the liquid-crystal and poly(methyl methacrylate) blazed-grating deflector was carried out to provide guidance during the deflector’s development. A manufacturing offset compensation technique is proposed to improve the device’s performance greatly. A hybrid approach utilizing electrically generated blazed grating combined with the cascading approach described here yields in excess of 500 deflecting angles.
Modeling and information rates for synchronization error channels

We propose a new channel model for channels with synchronization errors. Using this model, we give simple, non-trivial and, in some cases, tight lower bounds on the capacity for certain synchronization error channels.
QUID PRO QUO FOREIGN INVESTMENT

The paper analyzes the phenomenon of industry-specific direct foreign investment (DFI) which occurs with the view to defusing the threat of future protection by the host country (quid pro quo), under alternative imperfectly competitive market structures. It is established that, even in the absence of government intervention, firms in imperfectly competitive markets change the level of trade and DFI in response to future protectionist threats.
Left ventricular pacing lead insertion via the coronary sinus cardioplegia cannula: a novel method for temporary biventricular pacing during reoperative cardiac surgery.

Objective Temporary biventricular pacing to treat low output states after cardiac surgery is an active area of investigation. Reoperative cases are not studied due to adhesions, which preclude left ventricular mobilization to place epicardial pacing wires. In such patients, inserting a temporary left ventricular lead via the coronary sinus cardioplegia cannula may allow for biventricular pacing. We developed a novel technique for intraoperative left ventricular lead placement. Methods Eight domestic pigs underwent median sternotomy and pericardiotomy. Temporary pacing wires were sewn to the right atrium and right ventricle. Complete heart block was induced by ethanol ablation of the atrioventricular node. A 13-French retrograde cardioplegia catheter was introduced via the right atrial free wall into the coronary sinus. A 6-French left ventricular pacing lead was inserted into the cardioplegia catheter and advanced into the coronary sinus during biventricular pacing until left ventricular capture was detected by electrocardiogram and arterial pressure monitoring. Left ventricular capture success rate and electrical performance were recorded during five placement attempts. Results Left ventricular capture was achieved on 80% of insertion attempts. Left ventricular capture without diaphragmatic pacing was achieved in 7 pigs. Lead tip locations were mostly in lateral and posterior basal coronary vein branches. There were no arrhythmias, bleeding, or perforation associated with lead insertion. Conclusions Intraoperative biventricular pacing with a left ventricular pacing lead inserted via the coronary sinus cardioplegia cannula is feasible, using standard instrumentation and without requiring cardiac manipulation. This approach merits further study in patients undergoing reoperative cardiac surgery.
Affordable, Rapid Bootstrapping of the Space Industry and Solar System Civilization

AbstractAdvances in robotics and additive manufacturing have become game-changing for the prospects of space industry. It has become feasible to bootstrap a self-sustaining, self-expanding industry at reasonably low cost. Simple modeling was developed to identify the main parameters of successful bootstrapping. This indicates that bootstrapping can be achieved with as little as 12 t landed on the Moon during a period of about 20 years. The equipment will be teleoperated and then transitioned to full autonomy so the industry can spread to the asteroid belt and beyond. The strategy begins with a subreplicating system and evolves toward full self-sustainability (full closure) via an in situ technology spiral. The industry grows exponentially because of the free real estate, energy, and material resources of space. The mass of industrial assets at the end of bootstrapping will be 156 t with 60 humanoid robots or as high as 40,000 t with as many as 100,000 humanoid robots if faster manufacturing is supported b...
Smooth light curves from a bumpy ride: relativistic blast wave encounters a density jump

In the standard forward shock model for gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow, the observed afterglow emission is synchrotron radiation from a quasi-spherical, adiabatic, self-similar, relativistic blast wave, that propagates into the external medium. This model predicts a smooth light curve where the flux scales as a power law in time, and may at most smoothly transition to a different power law. However, some GRB afterglow light curves show significant variability, which often includes episodes of rebrightening. Such temporal variability had been attributed in several cases to a large enhancement in the external density, or a density 'bump', that is encountered by the self-similar adiabatic blast wave. Here we examine the effect of a sharp increase in the external density on the afterglow light curve in this scenario by considering, for the first time, a full treatment of both the hydrodynamic evolution and the radiation. To this end we develop a semi-analytic model for the light curve and carry out numerical simulations using a one-dimensional hydrodynamic code together with a synchrotron radiation code. Two spherically symmetric cases are explored in detail - a density jump in a uniform external medium (which is used to constrain the effect of a density clump) and a wind termination shock. We find that even a very sharp (modelled as a step function) and large (by a factor of a > 1) increase in the external density does not produce sharp features in the light curve, and cannot account for significant temporal variability in GRB afterglows in the forward shock model. For a wind termination shock, the light curve smoothly transitions between the asymptotic power laws over about one decade in time, and there is no rebrightening in the optical or X-rays that could serve as a clear observational signature. For a sharp jump in a uniform density profile, we find that the maximal deviation Delta alpha(max) of the temporal decay index alpha from its asymptotic value (at early and late times) is bounded (e.g, Delta alpha(max) < 0.4 for a = 10); Delta alpha(max) slowly increases with a, converging to Delta alpha(max) approximate to 1 at very large a values. Therefore, no optical rebrightening is expected in this case as well. In the X-rays, while the asymptotic flux is unaffected by the density jump, the fluctuations in alpha are found to be comparable to those in the optical. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the origin of the observed fluctuations in several GRB afterglows.
Dignity through Discourse: Poverty and the Culture of Deliberation in Indian Village Democracies

Employing a view of culture as a communicative phenomenon involving discursive engagement, which is deeply influenced by social and economic inequalities, the authors argue that the struggle to break free of poverty is as much a cultural process as it is political and economic. In this paper, they analyze important examples of discursive spaces - public meetings in Indian village democracies (gram sabhas), where villagers make important decisions about budgetary allocations for village development and the selection of beneficiaries for anti-poverty programs. They examine 290 transcripts of gram sabhas from South India to demonstrate how they create a culture of civic/political engagement among poor people, and how definitions of poverty and beneficiary-selection criteria are understood and interrogated within them. Through this examination, they highlight the process by which gram sabhas facilitate the acquisition of crucial cultural capabilities such as discursive skills and civic agency by poor and disadvantaged groups. They illustrate how the poor and socially marginalized deploy these discursive skills in a resource-scarce and socially stratified environment in making material and non-material demands in their search for dignity. The intersection of poverty, culture, and deliberative democracy is a topic of broad relevance because it sheds light on cultural processes that can be influenced by public action in a manner that helps improve the voice and agency of the poor.
Capacity limits of cognitive radio with distributed and dynamic spectral activity

We investigate the capacity of opportunistic communication in the presence of dynamic and distributed spectral activity, i.e., when the time varying spectral holes sensed by the cognitive transmitter are correlated but not identical to those sensed by the cognitive receiver. We develop a two switch model that captures the localized spectral activity estimates at the transmitter and receiver. The information theoretic framework of communication with side information is employed to characterize the capacity of the cognitive link with both causal and non-causal side information at the transmitter and/or the receiver. These capacity results are used to determine the benefits of any feedforward and feedback information. We find that cognitive radio capacity is robust to the uncertainties arising out of distributed and dynamic spectral environments, even when the communication occurs in bursts of only 3-5 symbols. The capacity depends strongly on the correlation of the local spectral environment at the cognitive transmitter and receiver.
On the distributions of the lengths of the longest monotone subsequences in random words

We consider the distributions of the lengths of the longest weakly increasing and strongly decreasing subsequences in words of length N from an alphabet of k letters. (In the limit as k→∞ these become the corresponding distributions for permutations on N letters.) We find Toeplitz determinant representations for the exponential generating functions (on N) of these distribution functions and show that they are expressible in terms of solutions of Painleve V equations. We show further that in the weakly increasing case the generating unction gives the distribution of the smallest eigenvalue in the k×k Laguerre random matrix ensemble and that the distribution itself has, after centering and normalizing, an N→∞ limit which is equal to the distribution function for the largest eigenvalue in the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble of k×k hermitian matrices of trace zero.
Concise, enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-alstonerine.

A novel enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-alstonerine has been completed that requires only 15 steps from l-tryptophan. The synthesis features the first application of a Pauson−Khand reaction to synthesize an azabridged bicyclic skeleton.
Siegel's lemma with additional conditions

Let K be a number field, and let W be a subspace of KN, N⩾1. Let V1,…,VM be subspaces of KN of dimension less than dimension of W. We prove the existence of a point of small height in W∖⋃i=1MVi, providing an explicit upper bound on the height of such a point in terms of heights of W and V1,…,VM. Our main tool is a counting estimate we prove for the number of points of a subspace of KN inside of an adelic cube. As corollaries to our main result we derive an explicit bound on the height of a nonvanishing point for a decomposable form and an effective subspace extension lemma.
The colored Jones function is q-holonomic

A function of several variables is called holonomic if, roughly speaking, it is determined from finitely many of its values via finitely many linear recursion relations with polynomial coefficients. Zeilberger was the first to notice that the abstract notion of holonomicity can be applied to verify, in a systematic and computerized way, combinatorial identities among special functions. Using a general state sum definition of the colored Jones function of a link in 3-space, we prove from first principles that the colored Jones function is a multisum of a q-proper-hypergeometric function, and thus it is q-holonomic. We demonstrate our results by computer calculations.
On chiral mesons in AdS/CFT

We analyze the spectra of non-chiral and chiral bifundamental mesons arising on intersecting D7-branes in AdS 5 × S 5. In the absence of magnetic flux on the curve of intersection, the spectrum is non-chiral, and the dual gauge theory is conformal in the quenched/probe approximation. For this case we calculate the dimensions of the bifundamental mesonic operators. We then consider magnetization of the D7-branes, which deforms the dual theory by an irrelevant operator and renders the mesons chiral. The magnetic flux spoils the conformality of the dual theory, and induces a D3-brane charge that becomes large in the ultraviolet, where the non-normalizable bifundamental modes are rapidly divergent. An ultraviolet completion is therefore necessary to calculate the correlation functions in the chiral case. On the other hand, the normalizable modes are very well localized in the infrared, leading to new possibilities for local model-building on intersecting D7-branes in warped geometries.
Synthesis of a Jojoba Bean Disaccharide

A synthesis of the disaccharide recently isolated from jojoba beans, 2-O--d-galactopyranosyld-chiro-inositol, has been achieved. The suitably protected chiro-inositol unit was prepared by an enantiospecific synthesis from l-xylose utilizing SmI2-mediated pinacol coupling as a key step. # 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
AN AUTOMATIC METHOD OF FINDING TOPIC BOUNDARIES

This article outlines a new method of locating discourse boundaries based on lexical cohesion and a graphical technique called dotplotting. The application of dotplotting to discourse segmentation can be performed either manually, by examining a graph, or automatically, using an optimization algorithm. The results of two experiments involving automatically locating boundaries between a series of concatenated documents are presented. Areas of application and future directions for this work are also outlined.
Multicomponent Assembly of Highly Substituted Indoles by Dual Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions

Highly substituted indoles were synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed reaction involving three independent components in a one-pot reaction. Two distinct palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions occur with a single catalytic system: a Buchwald-Hartwig reaction and an arene-alkene coupling. Quantum chemical computations provide insight into the mechanism of the latter coupling step.
Intermediate baseline appearance experiments and three-neutrino mixing schemes

Abstract Three-neutrino mixing schemes suggested by Cardall & Fuller and Acker & Pakvasa are compared and contrasted. Both of these schemes seek to solve the solar and atmospheric neutrino problems and to account for the possible neutrino oscillation signal in the LSND experiment. These neutrino oscillation schemes have different atmospheric and solar neutrino signatures that will be discriminated by Super-Kamiokande and SNO. They will also have different signatures in proposed long-baseline accelerator and reactor experiments. In particular, both of these schemes would give dramatic (and dramatically different) signals in an “intermediate baseline” experiment, such as the proposed ICARUS detector in the Jura mountains 17 km from CERN.
The Big Data Bootstrap

The bootstrap provides a simple and powerful means of assessing the quality of estimators. However, in settings involving large datasets, the computation of bootstrap-based quantities can be prohibitively demanding. As an alternative, we present the Bag of Little Bootstraps (BLB), a new procedure which incorporates features of both the bootstrap and subsampling to obtain a robust, computationally efficient means of assessing estimator quality. BLB is well suited to modern parallel and distributed computing architectures and retains the generic applicability, statistical efficiency, and favorable theoretical properties of the bootstrap. We provide the results of an extensive empirical and theoretical investigation of BLB's behavior, including a study of its statistical correctness, its large-scale implementation and performance, selection of hyperparameters, and performance on real data.
Investment in cleaner technology and signaling distortions in a market with green consumers

Abstract I analyze the pricing and investment behavior of a firm that signals the environmental attributes of its production technology through its price to uninformed environmentally conscious consumers. I then analyze the effect of change in environmental regulation on the signaling outcome and the firm's ex ante incentive to invest in cleaner technology. When regulation is weak, a firm signals cleaner technology through higher price; in this case, the firm earns lower profit when it has cleaner technology and thus, has no incentive to invest in cleaner technology. The price charged by the clean firm declines sharply beyond a critical level of regulation. When regulation is sufficiently stringent, the firm with cleaner technology charges lower price but earns higher signaling profit, and ex ante the firm has positive incentive to invest in cleaner technology. With weak regulation, the incentive of the firm to directly disclose its environmental performance rather than signal it through price is increasing in the level of regulation; the opposite holds when regulation is sufficiently stringent.
Consensus-halving via Theorems of Borsuk-Ulam and Tucker

In this paper we show how theorems of Borsuk-Ulam and Tucker can be used to construct a consensus-halving: a division of an object into two portions so that each of n people believes the portions are equal. Moreover, the division takes at most n cuts, which is best possible. This extends prior work using methods from combinatorial topology to solve fair division problems. Several applications of consensus-halving are discussed.  2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Increasing trees and Kontsevich cycles

It is known that the combinatorial classes in the cohomology of the mapping class group of punctures surfaces dened by Witten and Kontsevich are polynomials in the adjusted Miller{Morita{Mumford classes. The leading coecient was computed in [4]. The next coecient was computed in [6]. The present paper gives a recursive formula for all of the coecients. The main combinatorial tool is a generating function for a new statistic on the set of increasing trees on 2n + 1 vertices. As we already explained in [6] this veries all of the formulas conjectured by Arbarello and Cornalba [1]. Mondello [10] has obtained similar results using dierent methods.
Recommended Practice for Pressure Measurements and Calculation of Effective Pumping Speeds during Electric Propulsion Testing

The electric propulsion community has been implored to establish and implement a set of universally applicable test standards during the research, development, and qualification of electric propulsion systems. Variability between facility-to-facility and more importantly ground-to-flight performance can result in large margins in application or aversion to mission infusion. Performance measurements and life testing under appropriate conditions can be costly and lengthy. Measurement practices must be consistent, accurate, and repeatable. Additionally, the measurements must be universally transportable across facilities throughout the development, qualification, spacecraft integration, and on-orbit performance. A recommended practice for making pressure measurements, pressure diagnostics, and calculating effective pumping speeds with justification is presented.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of angiogenesis inhibitors: aromatic enone and dienone analogues of curcumin

The quest to find new antitumor compounds is an ongoing research endeavor in many laboratories around the world. The use of small-molecule angiogenesis inhibitors promises to be a potentially effective method for cancer treatment and possible prevention. Many antiangiogenic compounds are in various stages of laboratory evaluations and clinical trials. Curcumin is a natural product that has exhibited potent antiangiogenic properties. Based on a simple pharmacophore model, using standard drug design concepts, aromatic enone and aromatic dienone analogues of curcumin were prepared and/or obtained commercially. These compounds were screened for antiangiogenic properties via an in vitro SVR assay and were found to inhibit cell proliferation.
Flight control for the F-8 oblique wing research aircraft

Multivariable flight control laws for the supersonic F-8 oblique wing research aircraft are discussed. The control laws are developed using a loopshaping methodology. The goal is to perform flight tests on a supersonic aircraft with an oblique wing with as much as 65 degrees wing skew. The objective of the control law is to obtain decoupling of the longitudinal and lateral-directional motions of the unsymmetrical aircraft, as well as to satisfy conventional flight control objectives, including gust attenuation, good command tracking, good handling qualities, and stability robustness with respect to model uncertainty. A multivariable proportional-plus-integral element is the basic ingredient of the control laws, along with sensor blending into regulated variables and pilot command precompensation. Various analyses, including frequency and time responses, are presented. Stability robustness properties of the control laws are presented using structured and unstructured singular-value techniques. Handling qualities are analyzed using the equivalent systems technique. Responses of the controlled aircraft to pilot inputs are illustrated using time histories. >
Disentanglement and decoherence without dissipation at non-zero temperatures

Decoherence is well understood, in contrast with disentanglement. According to common lore, irreversible coupling to a dissipative environment is the mechanism for loss of entanglement. Here, we show that, on the contrary, disentanglement can in fact occur at large enough temperatures T even for vanishingly small dissipation (as we have shown previously for decoherence). However, whereas the effect of T on decoherence increases exponentially with time, the effect of T on disentanglement is constant for all times, reflecting a fundamental difference between the two phenomena. Also, the possibility of disentanglement at a particular T increases with decreasing initial entanglement.
Systematic identification of cancer driving signaling pathways based on mutual exclusivity of genomic alterations

We present a novel method for the identification of sets of mutually exclusive gene alterations in a given set of genomic profiles. We scan the groups of genes with a common downstream effect on the signaling network, using a mutual exclusivity criterion that ensures that each gene in the group significantly contributes to the mutual exclusivity pattern. We test the method on all available TCGA cancer genomics datasets, and detect multiple previously unreported alterations that show significant mutual exclusivity and are likely to be driver events.
Modeling gimbal axis misalignments and mirror center offset in a single-beam laser tracking measurement system

The calibration of robots and machine tools normally requires external pose measuring devices to provide precision cal ibration measurement data. Among the various coordinate measuring techniques, laser tracking systems based on in terferometry offer the potential for continuously producing noninvasive and highly accurate measurements over a large work volume. This article addresses the error modeling is sue for laser tracking coordinate measuring systems, which is crucial in the accuracy enhancement of such systems.Relative distance measurements provided by laser interfer ometers have an extremely high resolution. However, accuracy errors of a coordinate measuring machine based on laser tracking are dominated by geometric errors in the tracking mir ror system. Major geometric error sources include gimbal axis misalignments and mirror center offset. In this article a kine matic model for the single-beam tracker is developed in which a necessary and sufficient number of kinematic parameters are used to rep...
The lens space realization problem

We determine the lens spaces that arise by integer Dehn surgery along a knot in the three-sphere. Specically, if surgery along a knot produces a lens space, then there exists an equivalent surgery along a Berge knot with the same knot Floer homology groups. This leads to sharp information about the genus of such a knot. The arguments rely on tools from Floer homology and lattice theory. They are primarily combinatorial in nature.