cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Opioid receptor-independent protection of ischemic rat hepatocytes by morphine

Abstract We studied the role of morphine in anoxia/reoxygenation injury to hepatocytes. Overnight cultured rat hepatocytes were incubated in anoxic buffer at pH 6.2 for 4 h and reoxygenated at pH 7.4 for 2 h to simulate anoxia/reoxygenation. Some hepatocytes were preincubated with 50 μM morphine for 10 min prior to onset of anoxia/reoxygenation. To study the effect of morphine on nitric oxide (NO), hepatocytes were loaded with 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM). Changes in NO concentration were assessed with a multi-well fluorescence reader and confocal microscopy. Morphine substantially improved cell viability after reoxygenation and increased NO generation, which was blocked by ATP-sensitive potassium channel blockers. Confocal images revealed that the increase in NO occurred mainly at the cytosol. However, treatment with opioid receptor antagonists did not reverse cytoprotection by morphine. These results indicate that morphine prevents anoxia/reoxygenation injury to hepatocytes. Protective mechanisms are associated with the potassium channels and NO, but are independent of opioid receptor-mediated signaling.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use: symptom pattern and drug choice.

While there has been much recent interest in the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUDs), little has been reported about ADHD diagnostic subtypes, persistence of symptoms from childhood into adulthood, and substance of choice in individuals with substance use disorders (SUD+) and comorbid ADHD. To examine the prevalence and subtypes of ADHD in a group of SUD+ individuals, 136 inpatients with an SUD diagnosis (cocaine vs. alcohol vs. cocaine/alcohol) were administered a structured interview for ADHD. Of the SUD+ individuals, 32% met criteria for ADHD, and 35% of those with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD continued to have clinically significant symptoms into adulthood. There were no significant differences in the percentage of ADHD between the SUD+ groups divided by drug choice. Of ADHD subtypes, subjects with combined and inattentive types were significantly more likely to have symptoms continue into adulthood (p < or = .05) than the hyperactive/impulsive subtype. Patients with cocaine use were more likely to have ADHD in childhood only when compared to the alcohol or cocaine-alcohol groups. The findings of this study indicate that ADHD is prevalent in treatment-seeking substance users without difference in prevalence or subtype by drug choice.
Relocated American Indians in the San Francisco Bay Area: Social Interaction and Indian Identity

The urbanization of American Indians has been occurring on a small scale for many years as individuals and families have quietly slipped into city life. The process has been intensified in the past decade through official government relocation programs. This recent influx of large numbers of Indians into metropolitan areas represents the formation of a new urban ethnic group that holds special research interest for the anthropologist. Although American anthropologists have examined problems of urbanization in Latin America, Africa and Asia, they have had little interest in following their native aborigines who leave the traditional cultural trappings of reservation life. There are few published statements in the anthropological literature dealing with American Indians who have settled in cities.
The ESS under spatial variation with applications to sex allocation.

I derive a new approximation which uses the backward Kolmogorov equation to describe evolution when individuals have variable numbers of offspring. This approximation is based on an explicit fixed population size assumption and therefore differs from previous models. I show that for individuals to accept an increase in the variance of offspring number, they must be compensated by an increase in mean offspring number. Based on this model and any given set of feasible alleles, an evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) can be found. Four types of ESS are possible and can be discriminated by graphical methods. These ESS values depend on population size, but population size can be reinterpreted as deme size in a structured population. I adapt this theory to the problem of sex allocation under variable returns to male and female function and derive the ESS sex allocation strategy. I show that allocation to the more variable sexual function should be reduced, but that this effect decreases as population size increases and as variability decreases. These results are compared with results from exact matrix models and computer simulations, all of which show strong congruence.
SHOEMAKER ON PHENOMENAL CONTENT

Sydney Shoemaker has given a sophisticated theory of phenomenal content, motivated by the transparency of experience and by the possibility of spectrum inversion without illusion (1994, 2000, 2001, 2002). It centers on the idea that color experiences represent what he calls “appearance properties”. I consider the different sorts of appearance properties that Shoemaker has suggested might enter into phenomenal content – occurrent appearance properties, dispositional appearance properties, and higher-order dispositional appearance properties – and argue that none of them are plausibly represented by color experiences. I argue that Shoemaker's theory faces a dilemma – either it makes misperception too difficult, or it does not truly accommodate veridical spectrum inversion. I then examine some alternative Russellian theories of phenomenal content that might be consistent with Shoemaker's motivations, including a different sort of proposal recently suggested by Shoemaker (forthcoming). I argue that these views are also lacking, for similar reasons as the appearance property view. Finally, I conclude that in order for a representationalist theory to properly accommodate spectrum inversion without illusion, phenomenal content must include an indexical element. Such a view requires the adoption of a broadly Fregean theory of phenomenal content, according to which sameness of phenomenal character does not entail sameness in extension. What phenomenally identical experiences have in common is not what they represent, but how they represent.
Electromagnetically induced transparency via electron spin coherence in a quantum well waveguide

We propose and analyze a novel scheme to realize electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) via robust electron spin coherence in semiconductor quantum wells. This scheme uses light hole transitions in a quantum well waveguide to induce electron spin coherence in the absence of an external magnetic field. For certain polarization configurations, the light hole transitions form a crossed double-V system. EIT in this system is strongly modified by a coherent wave mixing process induced by the electron spin coherence.
The consequences of neglect in children: Neurocognitive comparisons among conduct disordered and non-conduct disordered youth residing in foster-care with that of children from intact families

Children (n = 85) between the ages of 6 and 16 were administered two tests of source monitoring proficiency, one an external source test and the second an internal source test. In addition, the children were assessed using the Children's Category Test (CCT), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III), and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The primary interest was to compare the source monitoring and cognitive processes of children in foster care with a diagnosed conduct disorder and children in foster care without a psychiatric diagnosis. In addition, a group consisting of children living with their parents was included for comparative purposes. For the primary analyses, the dependent variables consisted of raw ISM and ESM scores, full-scale IQ, measures of working memory and processing speed, and the total and perseverative error measures of the WCST. First, because age differences were expected, a MANOVA was used with the age of the subject grouped into three categories of 6 to 8-, 9 to 12-, and 13 to 16-year olds. Following the verification of age differences on the dependent measures, a MANCOVA was used to examine the influence of abuse/neglect by comparing individuals in foster care, with and without a psychiatric diagnosis. Therefore, the study comprised three groups: (1) a group of children living at home with the parents and serving as a comparison group, (2) a control group consisting of children living in foster care but with no psychiatric diagnosis, and (3) a group of children living in foster care with a diagnosed conduct disorder. Age, as a continuous variable, served as the covariate. ISM scores revealed that both of the control groups differed from the foster care / conduct disorder group, with scores in the foster care control group comparable to that of the intact family comparison group. The intact family comparison group had significantly higher FS-IQ scores than either foster care group. In addition, FS-IQ scores in the foster care control group were intermediate between that of the intact family comparison and conduct disorder groups. Children in the intact family comparison group made significantly fewer total errors and perseverative errors than either foster care group. However, the number of perseverative errors for the two foster care groups was comparable.
Social isolation and integration in electronic environments

Abstract This paper examines the role of communications technology advances in affecting social interactions in groups and organizations. A discussion of the functions of communication and contact leads to the development of the concept of the ‘electronic environment’. Past research identifies issues of a person's need for contact and the costs and benefits of contact in computer-mediated or other electronic communications media. In this paper, these issues focus on social isolation, integration, and feedback between group members as vital aspects of effective group interaction. Understanding of these aspects is presented as a key to appreciating the influence of communications media on organizational and social behaviour. Although the initial focus of this paper is on interactions between individuals within a group, applications are also discussed regarding interactions between groups, or between individuals and others outside the primary group. Examinations of the implications of the concept of electron...
Algorithms to simplify multi-clock/edge timing constraints

The use of multiple clocks has become a common practice in modern microprocessor design. With multiple clocks, the timing specifications have become complicated and tend to go beyond the ability of single-clock based CAD tools. This paper first introduces the concept of timing specification transformation. Then, this paper describes algorithms for transforming an interface timing specification with multiple clocks/edges into an equivalent specification with a single clock/edge for combinational circuit blocks. It formulates a new optimization problem, which is important but has never been addressed by CAD researchers. It identifies conditions under which this transformation can be performed efficiently without any loss of timing budget. The algorithm can be used to simplify the constraints to drive many synthesis and optimization algorithms.
Mass Spectrometry Based Method to Increase Throughput for Kinome Analyses Using ATP Probes

Protein kinases play critical roles in many biological and pathological processes, making them important targets for therapeutic drugs. Here, we desired to increase the throughput for kinome-wide profiling. A new workflow coupling ActivX ATP probe (AAP) affinity reagents with isotopic labeling to quantify the relative levels and modification states of kinases in cell lysates is described. We compared the new workflow to a classical proteomics approach in which fractionation was used to identify low-abundance kinases. We find that AAPs enriched approximately 90 kinases in a single analysis involving six cell lines or states in a single run, an 8-fold improvement in throughput relative to the classical approach. In general, AAPs cross-linked to both the active and inactive states of kinases but performing phosphopeptide enrichment made it possible to measure the phospho sites of regulatory residues lying in the kinase activation loops, providing information on activation state. When we compared the kinome a...
The 0.83 Å Resolution Crystal Structure of α-Lytic Protease Reveals the Detailed Structure of the Active Site and Identifies a Source of Conformational Strain

The crystal structure of the extracellular bacterial serine protease alpha-lytic protease (alphaLP) has been solved at 0.83 A resolution at pH 8. This ultra-high resolution structure allows accurate analysis of structural elements not possible with previous structures. Hydrogen atoms are visible, and confirm active-site hydrogen-bonding interactions expected for the apo enzyme. In particular, His57 N(delta1) participates in a normal hydrogen bond with Asp102 in the catalytic triad, with a hydrogen atom visible 0.83(+/-0.06)A from the His N(delta1). The catalytic Ser195 occupies two conformations, one corresponding to a population of His57 that is doubly protonated, the other to the singly protonated His57. Based on the occupancy of these conformations, the pKa of His57 is calculated to be approximately 8.8 when a sulfate ion occupies the active site. This 0.83 A structure has allowed critical analysis of geometric distortions within the structure. Interestingly, Phe228 is significantly distorted from planarity. The distortion of Phe228, buried in the core of the C-terminal domain, occurs at an estimated energetic cost of 4.1 kcal/mol. The conformational space for Phe228 is severely limited by the presence of Trp199, which prevents Phe228 from adopting the rotamer observed in many other chymotrypsin family members. In alphaLP, the only allowed rotamer leads to the deformation of Phe228 due to steric interactions with Thr181. We hypothesize that tight packing of co-evolved residues in this region, and the subsequent deformation of Phe228, contributes to the high cooperativity and large energetic barriers for folding and unfolding of alphaLP. The kinetic stability imparted by the large, cooperative unfolding barrier plays a critical role in extending the lifetime of the protease in its harsh environment.
A novel quantitative mating assay for the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans provides insight into signalling pathways responding to nutrients and temperature

Summary: Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes a lethal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals. Several factors are associated with virulence of this fungus, including its mating type; however, the mechanism by which mating type affects virulence is unknown. C. neoformans is a basidiomycete that exists in two mating types called a and a α that can fuse to form an a/α dikaryon. A mating assay was developed that allowed a quantitative analysis of cryptococcal mating physiology. Interestingly, the efficiency of mating appeared to be dependent on temperature, being highest at 30 °C and almost completely absent at 37 °C. Thus, while mating type itself may be associated with virulence (which must occur at 37 °C), the ability to mate is probably not a virulence factor. Mating efficiency was increased by altering the carbon or nitrogen sources to give so-called starvation media. The addition of various drugs also seemed to alter the frequency of mating, depending on the composition of mating medium. The data suggested that cAMP, 8-bromo-cAMP and caffeine increased mating on starvation medium but only cAMP and 8-bromo-cAMP stimulated mating on rich medium; caffeine was unable to stimulate mating on rich medium. Aluminium fluoride, an activator of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins), was also found to stimulate mating, suggesting the involvement of a G-protein that may regulate the level of cAMP.
An extended link reversal protocol in dynamic networks

We consider the problem of maintaining routing paths between nodes in a dynamic network. Gafni and Bertsekas proposed a link reversal approach called the BG method that maintains a directed acyclic graph (DAG) with a given destination as the sink node. By virtue of built-in redundancy, an updating algorithm to establish a new DAG is activated infrequently and it happens only when the last outgoing link of a host in the DAG is destroyed due to the movement of nodes. In this paper, we propose another updating approach that tries to minimize the total number of reversed links and to maintain routing information without using much extra overhead. The approach maintains a reversed breadth-first tree. Nodes in the network are either marked (inside the tree) or unmarked (outside the tree). When it is too costly to maintain a minimum path for a marked node, the branch rooted at the node is trimmed and the approach then gracefully switches to the BG method. Several extensions are also discussed. A simulation study is conducted to compare the performance of the proposed approach with the existing one.
The Jena Six, Mass Incarceration, and the Remoralization of Civil Rights

Mass incarceration ultimately rests on the false assumption that African Americans need to be incarcerated in historically unprecedented numbers because of a moral breakdown in their communities. Crime is assumed to be the product of a basic moral failure in both the individual offender and in the community at large, not the product of any set of social conditions or circumstances. Recent work by sociologists, criminologists, and economists suggests that poor, urban African American communities are not communities whose norms of moral behavior have broken down but communities whose moral norms have come under unprecedented strain. Social science evidence suggests that the residents of the poorest African American urban communities believe deeply in the family and economic values of mainstream American society but are unable to realize those values because of the emergence of a relatively new and concentrated form of jobless poverty during the seventies, eighties and nineties. Mass incarceration is an unnecessary and counterproductive response to crime in a community whose norms of moral behavior remain intact but are badly strained by socioeconomic conditions. Tragically, the pervasiveness of mass incarceration as a social policy confirms its own false premise of moral breakdown among poor African American communities by stigmatizing those communities as essentially criminal.
Announcing “New Leaders in Cardiovascular Science”

In keeping with our efforts to add a human/personal dimension to the content of the Journal, we are pleased to announce a new feature titled “New Leaders in Cardiovascular Science,” which will complement our ongoing series “Profiles in Cardiovascular Science.” Presented in an interview format, these articles will focus on the life, personality, and achievements of a select cadre of cardiovascular scientists who …
Effects of leukocytes on brain metabolism in granulocytic brain edema

An in vitro model has been used to study the effects of granulocytic leukocytes (WBC) on brain metabolism to elucidate the mechanism of the encephalopathy and cerebral edema of purulent meningitis and brain abscess. Single first rat cortical brain slices were incubated in normal medium or medium containing a membrane fraction of WBC prepared from rat peritoneal exudate cells induced by intraperitoneal glycogen. Membrane fraction caused “cytotoxic” brain edema with increased brain water, cellular swelling (decreased inulin space), increased intracellular sodium, and loss of intracellular potassium. The brain also showed increased glucose oxidation and lactate production associated with energy depletion demonstrated by decreases in phosphocreatine, adenosine triphosphate, and energy charge potential. The low glucose and high lactate of purulent cerebrospinal fluid reflect these changes in brain metabolism. The model of granulocytic brain edema was not affected by dexamethasone. The factors in WBC responsible for these changes were membrane bound, absent from the cytosol, and heat labile. The concentrations used are compatible with concentrations in pathological exudates. Toxic factors in pus alter the integrity of brain cell membranes and thus contribute to the encephalopathy and brain edema associated with purulent meningitis and brain abscess.
Using GFP as a Scorable Marker in Walnut Somatic Embryo Transformation

Somatic embryogenesis is the foundation of genetic transformation in several economically important tree species. In the Juglans regia L. (Persian walnut) somatic embryogenesis-based transformation system, a major limiting factor is the selection of non-chimeric transgenic embryos in tissue culture. We transformed Persian walnut somatic embryos with the S65T synthetic green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene in order to assess the effect of this visual marker gene on embryo viability and the selection of transgenic embryos. Following a 10 d period of transient GFP expression in all inoculated embryos, stable fluorescent sectors were apparent in several embryos, allowing efficient and rapid visual selection of primary transgenic embryos. Two chimeric embryos were selected 40 d after transformation, and these two embryos gave rise to 13 stable transgenic embryo lines and 44 whole plants. GFP-expressing walnut plants and embryos developed normally and transformation was verified by GUS analysis. Our analysis suggests that the use of GFP as a selectable marker can significantly reduce labour, cost, and time in the walnut somatic embryogenesis-based transformation system.
Hyperthermia and gene therapy: potential use of microPET imaging.

In recent years, both hyperthermia and gene-therapy have been evaluated as approaches to improve cancer radiotherapy. In addition, potential exists to combine these approaches to increase the overall therapeutic efficacy. For example, it has been reported that adenovirus-mediated heat-inducible gene expression may reduce the normal tissue toxicity associated with constitutively controlled expression of therapeutic genes. In our laboratory, we have shown that adenovirus-mediated, heat-activated antisense Ku70 expression radiosensitizes tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a novel approach to use heat-activated gene-radiotherapy to radiosensitize human tumors.However, to optimize the application of heat-activated gene-radiotherapy in the clinic, we need to develop techniques to improve the delivery of the therapeutic adenovirus and to verify/monitor the delivery non-invasively. In an ongoing study we test the effect of mild hyperthermia in improving adenovirus-medicated vector delivery in a mouse tu...
Discerning Subordination and Inviolability: A Comment on Kamm's Intricate Ethics

Frances Kamm has for some time now been a foremost champion of non-consequentialist ethics. One of her most powerful non-consequentialist themes has been the idea of inviolability. Morality's prohibitions, she argues, confer on persons the status of inviolability. This thought helps articulate a rationale for moral prohibitions that will resist the protean threat posed by the consequentialist argument that anyone should surely be willing to violate a constraint if doing so will minimize the overall number of such violations. As Kamm put it in a 1992 article, ‘If morality permitted minimizing violations of persons by violating other persons, then each of those saved as well as those persons used to save others would be less inviolable. It is the permission, not any actual violation of persons, that makes this so.’ Now, as thus baldly asserted, this claim borders on the conclusory. It is almost as if the claim were that morality conferred on persons the following status: that of being protected from consequentialism. One wants to hear in what inviolability consists, in more detail, so that we can understand it independently of the negation of consequentialism. And there is also an opposite problem: if inviolability is a good, then why can't consequentialism take it into account? Hence, one also wants to hear why this would not be the case.
Acute and chronic administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist CP 55,940 attenuates tumor-evoked hyperalgesia

Abstract Patients with cancer frequently report pain that can be difficult to manage. This study examined the antihyperalgesic effects of a cannabinoid receptor agonist, CP 55,940, in a murine model of cancer pain. Implantation of fibrosarcoma cells into and around the calcaneous bone in mice produced mechanical hyperalgesia (decreased paw withdrawal thresholds and increased frequency of paw withdrawals). On day 13 after implantation, mechanical hyperalgesia, nociception, and catalepsy were assessed. Mice were randomly assigned to receive CP 55,940 (0.01–3 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle and behavioral measures were redetermined. CP 55,940 dose-dependently attenuated tumor-evoked mechanical hyperalgesia. To examine the effect of catalepsy on the antihyperalgesic effect of CP 55,940, mice with tumor-evoked hyperalgesia were pretreated with the dopamine agonist apomorphine prior to administration of CP 55,940. Apomorphine attenuated the cataleptic effect of CP 55,940 but did not attenuate its antihyperalgesic effect. In a separate group of mice with tumor-evoked hyperalgesia, administration of the dopamine antagonist spiperone produced catalepsy that was ∼ 2.5 fold greater than that produced by CP 55,490. Whereas this dose of CP 55,940 completely reversed tumor-evoked mechanical hyperalgesia, spiperone only attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia by ∼ 35%. Thus, the cataleptic effects of CP 55,940 did not fully account for its antihyperalgesic effect. The antihyperalgesic effect of CP 55,940 was mediated via the cannabinoid CB1 but not CB2 receptor. Finally, repeated administration of CP 55,940 produced a short-term and a longer-term attenuation of tumor-evoked hyperalgesia. These results suggest that cannabinoids may be a useful alternative or adjunct therapy for treating cancer pain.
Physical Property Evaluation of Four Composite Materials

Clinical Relevance A clinician should customize the choice of a composite material to the location and preparation of the cavity. When surface hardness and flexural strength are required, the results of this study indicate that Aelite LS had superior properties compared with the other materials. When polymerization shrinkage is of more importance, Filtek LS had significantly lower volumetric shrinkage.
Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Acute, Preventive, and Symptomatic

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that primarily attacks the optic nerves and spinal cord leading to blindness and paralysis. The spectrum of the disease has expanded based on the specificity of the autoimmune response to the aquaporin-4 water channel on astrocytes. With wider recognition of NMOSD, a standard of care for treatment of this condition has condition based on a growing series of retrospective and prospective studies. This review covers the present state of the field in the treatment of acute relapses, preventive approaches, and therapies for symptoms of NMOSD.
Dirac equation is separable on the dyon black hole metric.

Using the tetrad formalism, we carry out the separation of variables for the massive complex Dirac equation in the gravitational and electromagnetic fields of a four-parameter (mass, angular momentum, electric, and magnetic charges) black hole.
Response to the Commentaries

Ochoa and Serra describe the case of a patient who had pain, mechanical hyperalgesia, and hyperthermia in the right upper extremity that proved to be due to an intramedullary tumor in the cervical enlargement. Removal of the tumor cured the pain. They suggest that the pain syndrome in this case can be explained by irritation of the central branches of nociceptors and "antidromically determined neurogenic inflammation and hyperalgesia."This could, of course, have been the case. However, it is also arguable that there was central sensitization maintained by the continued presence of the tumor and hyperalgesia due to increased responsiveness of dorsal horn neurons to input from the periphery. The hyperthermia might have resulted from a reduction in sympathetic output, although we rather like the idea that it may have resulted from antidromically conducted nerve impulses in primary afferent nociceptors. Ochoa and Serra have a serious reservation about one of the final statements in the focus article, in which we say of the vicious cycle of peripheral sensitization, central sensitization, dorsal root reflexes, and further peripheral sensitization that "the process is self-perpetuating and, thus, could provide a plausible explanation for the perception of amplification of the initial painful insult, the persistence of the pain, the inflammation, and the hyperalgesia." What we were referring to was the
Tuning the Range of Polyacrylamide Gel Stiffness for Mechanobiology Applications

Adjusting the acrylamide monomer and cross-linker content in polyacrylamide gels controls the hydrogel stiffness, yet the reported elastic modulus for the same formulations varies widely and these discrepancies are frequently attributed to different measurement methods. Few studies exist that examine stiffness trends across monomer and cross-linker concentrations using the same characterization platform. In this work, we use Atomic Force Microscopy and analyze force–distance curves to derive the elastic modulus of polyacrylamide hydrogels. We find that gel elastic modulus increases with increasing cross-link concentration until an inflection point, after which gel stiffness decreases with increasing cross-linking. This behavior arises because of the formation of highly cross-linked clusters, which add inhomogeneity and heterogeneity to the network structure, causing the global network to soften even under high cross-linking conditions. We identify these inflection points for three different total polymer ...
CFD analysis and design of detailed target configurations for an accelerator-driven subcritical system

High-fidelity analysis has been utilized in the design of beam target options for an accelerator-driven subcritical system. Designs featuring stacks of plates with square cross section have been in...
Evaluation and control of isoflurane during experimental dental procedures on rodents

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to assess exposures to isoflurane to employees performing an experimental dental procedure on rodents. Isoflurane was used as an anesthetic for rodents during injections and placement of dental apparatus into the mouth. We collected eight full-shift samples using passive badges over a three-week period. The procedure was performed once a week for approximately 45 min each day. Results showed that employees were being exposed to isoflurane above the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure level for halogenated anesthetic gases of two parts per million. The employer installed a ventilation system in the procedure room after the initial sampling and results. We collected 12 full-shift samples after the ventilation system was in place. Results showed an approximate 86% decrease in isoflurane concentration.
Observations of Severe Local Storms and Tornadoes with the Atmospheric Imaging Radar

AbstractMobile radar platforms designed for observation of severe local storms have consistently pushed the boundaries of spatial and temporal resolution in order to allow for detailed analysis of storm structure and evolution. Digital beamforming, or radar imaging, is a technique that is similar in nature to a photograwphic camera, where data samples from different spaces at the same range are collected simultaneously. This allows for rapid volumetric update rates compared to radars that scan with a single narrow beam. The Atmospheric Imaging Radar (AIR) is a mobile X-band (3.14-cm wavelength) imaging weather radar that transmits a vertical, 20° fan beam and uses a 36-element receive array to form instantaneous range–height indicators (RHIs) with a native beamwidth of 1° × 1°. Rotation in azimuth allows for 20° × 90° volumetric updates in under 6 s, while advanced pulse compression techniques achieve 37.5-m range resolution. The AIR has been operational since 2012 and has collected data on tornadoes and ...
Assessing the Role of Cultural Perceptions and Knowledge of Epilepsy on Medication Adherence in a Multi-Ethnic Epilepsy Clinic: A Pilot Study (P7.009)

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of cultural perceptions and knowledge of epilepsy on medication adherence in a multi-ethnic epilepsy population. Background: Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) offer seizure control for over 70[percnt] of patients with epilepsy. Despite the efficacy of AEDs, non-adherence has been reported in 33-67[percnt] of patients. There is considerable misinformation about epilepsy, which may account for the high prevalence of non-adherence amongst patients. At BMC there is much cultural diversity, which in itself may influence patient adherence. Design: A pilot study was conducted over 6 weeks using a unique 40-item survey addressing beliefs, knowledge of epilepsy and medication adherence. It was administered in English, Spanish, Haitian Creole, and Portuguese versions to 148 patients of a diverse epilepsy clinic. Spanish, Haitian Creole and Portuguese survey responses were analyzed together due to a small sample size (n=25, n= 4 and n=3, respectively). English speakers’ responses (n=119) were compared to non-native English speakers (n=29) to assess for discrepancies in knowledge of epilepsy and medication adherence. Results: We achieved a 70[percnt] survey response rate from 216 possible survey participants. There were lower rates of medication adherence in Non-native English speakers compared to controls (M=0.60 vs. 0.69, p <0.05). Cultural perceptions of epilepsy differed significantly, with 33[percnt] of non-native English speakers incorrectly identifying false statements such as ‘epilepsy is caused by evil spirits’ (p <0.05). Patients with correct responses to epilepsy knowledge questions were more likely have higher adherence scores. Conclusions: We found that adherence scores were lower in non-native English speakers than controls. This may be due to differences in cultural perceptions of epilepsy. This discrepancy affords us the opportunity to improve medication adherence by addressing misconceptions with educational interventions. This pilot study demonstrates the need for further investigations amongst the ethnic groups studied. Disclosure: Dr. Werbaneth has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wilson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ciambotti has nothing to disclose. Dr. Montouris has received personal compensation for activities with UBC Pharma, Eisai Inc., Lundbeck Research USA, Inc., Meridian, and Sunovion as an advisory board member.
List of Selected Geological Museums in the Midwest

Piggott: Matilda and Karl Pfeiffer Foundation Museum, 1071 Heritage Park Drive. World-class mineral collection. www.pfeifferfoundation.comMonticello: Turner Neal Museum of Natural History and Pomer...
85. The Joint Nuclear-Nucleolar Signal in the AAV2 Assembly-Activating Protein (AAP) Contains a Secondary Signal Important for Yielding High AAV Titer

Assembly-activating protein (AAP) is a small protein expressed from an overlapping reading frame in the VP2/VP3 section of the cap gene in the AAV genome and is known to promote translocation of VP proteins to the nucleolus and enable capsid assembly. In the AAP derived from AAV serotype 2 (AAP2), there is a region rich in basic amino acids near the C terminus (position 144-184, or AAP2-144-184) that contains a joint nuclear-nucleolar localization signal (NLS-NoLS). This joint NLS-NoLS is composed of 5 basic amino acid-rich (BR) clusters, KSKRSRR (AAP2BR1), RRR (AAP2BR2), RFR (AAP2BR3), RSTSSR (AAP2BR4) and RRIK (AAP2BR5) from the N terminus to the C terminus. Interestingly, there reside at least 3 overlapping NLSs and redundant NoLSs within this signal, indicating that the NLS-NoLS region has a role important for the AAV life cycle other than transporting AAP2 to the correct intracellular location. Here we show that the NLS-NoLS region contains a signal that maintains AAP2 protein expression levels but is not essential for its intracellular localization, and the titer in AAV2 production is proportionate to the amount of correctly localized AAP2 protein. In the study, we transiently transfected HeLa cells with a series of plasmids expressing a CMV promoter-driven FLAG-tagged, codon-optimized AAP2 (the wild type and 30 arginine/lysine-to-alanine mutants) and analyzed the cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. To determine the protein expression levels, we extracted proteins from the wild-type or mutant AAP2 plasmid-transfected HeLa cells, and performed a quantitative western blot analysis in duplicate using FluorChem M system. The titer of assembled AAV2 VP3 capsids in HEK 293 cells transfected with pAAV2-RepVP3 (pAAV-ITR-vector plasmid expressing all the Rep proteins and VP3 but no AAP2), pHelper (adenovirus helper plasmid), and the wild-type or mutant AAP2-expressing plasmid, was quantified by an A20 antibody-based AAV2 capsid ELISA. There were 16 AAP2 mutants that showed nucleolar enrichment similar to the wild type. They were all single AAP2BR mutants but showed various degrees of impairment of capsid assembly. Mutations involving the AAP2BR1 and BR2 were most influential to localization and the protein expression levels strongly correlated to capsid production with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.94. A previous directed evolution study from our lab showed an evolutionary pressure to maintain strong positive charge and hydrophilicity in the AAP2BR1 in AAP2 mutants with a complete NLS-NoLS. Since not all of the clusters of basic-rich amino acids are required for nuclear-nucleolar localization, it is likely that these regions have a secondary function involved in maintaining the stability of AAP2. These results also indicate that, since levels of AAP directly correlate with the amount of virus produced, this protein does not act as a catalyst, but is directly involved in the capsid assembly process without being recycled.
Segmental acetabular rim defects, bone loss, oversizing, and press fit cup in total hip arthroplasty evaluated with a probabilistic finite element analysis.

Purpose Management of segmental rim defects and bone mineral density (BMD) loss in the elderly prior to total hip replacement is unclear within classification systems for acetabular bone loss. In this study, our objectives were (1) to understand how a reduction in BMD in the elderly affects the oversizing of a press-fit cup for primary fixation and (2) to evaluate whether the location of the segmental defect affected cup fixation.
Phonon wave effects in the thermal transport of epitaxial TiN/(Al,Sc)N metal/semiconductor superlattices

Epitaxial single crystalline TiN/(Al,Sc)N metal/semiconductor superlattice metamaterials have generated significant interest in recent years for their potential applications in high temperature thermoelectric devices, optical hyperbolic metamaterials in the visible and near infrared-spectral range, and as candidates for solar-thermophotovoltaics and high temperature electronic materials. While significant progress in their structural, mechanical, and optical properties has been made, in-depth analysis and detailed understanding of their thermal transport mechanism remain to be addressed. In this article, we show that in short-period epitaxial, lattice-matched TiN/(Al,Sc)N metal/semiconductor superlattices, thermal transport is dominated by phonon wave effects as the wavelengths of phonons that carry significant amounts of heat become comparable to the superlattice period thickness. Due to the increasing contribution of such phonon wave-modes, the cross-plane thermal conductivity at short-periods increases...
A Comparative Study of Scalp Tension with and without Intraoral Subperiosteal Release of the Midface in Laser-Assisted Endoscopic Browlift:

Introduction:Since the introduction of the endoscopic browlift, several techniques have been advocated to improve long-term stability and results. These include extensive undermining of the flap, m...
Der GfK-Konsumklimaindex als Instrument zur Prognose der monatlichen privaten Konsumausgaben

In der wirtschaftspolitischen Diskussion ist sicherlich vielen das Sprichwort „In derWirtschaft ist 50 Prozent Psychologie“ bekannt. Das heist Stimmungen derWirtschaftssubjekte, wie Unternehmen und Verbraucher, spielen fur die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung eine nicht zu unterschatzende Rolle. Diesem Umstand tragen in Deutschland schon seit einigen Jahrzehnten sowohl das ifo-Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung in Munchen wie auch die GfK mit Sitz in Nurnberg Rechnung. Ersteres untersucht die Stimmung der Unternehmen in Deutschland und die GfK erhebt entsprechend die Verbraucherstimmung. Im Folgenden soll naher auf die Verbraucherstimmung in Form des GfK-Konsumklimas als Instrument zur Vorhersage der privaten Konsumausgaben eingegangen werden.
Coherent light 3D materials microscopy without phase retrieval

We report a novel microscopy technique, utilizing our previously reported expanded point information content (EPIC) concept [1], to extend the technique into the coherent regime. Preliminary data shows coherent EPIC (CoEPIC) can image reflective samples successfully, and can recover the 3D structure without the need to acquire an image stack at multiple depths. Numerical simulation demonstrates the potential super-resolution capability of CoEPIC.
Literature, Music, and the Mutual Tuning-in Relationship

Schutz’s lecture on the “Sociological Aspect of Literature” explores the social relationships between beholders and authors of literature; these social orientations provide the pre-communicative basis for any exchange of meaning through literature. In this chapter, Schutz’s lecture on literature is examined in the context of his phenomenology of musical experience; in the latter, Schutz identifies the “mutual tuning-in relationship ” as the sociological precondition for any form of communication, including that which is accomplished by means of literary texts. The aim of this chapter, therefore, is to clarify the manner in which beholders of literature tune-in to various literary art forms, as the precondition for their understanding of the literary work.
Buyer and Nonbuyer Barriers to Purchasing Local Food

Policymakers and value chain members often use a one-size-fits-all strategy to increase local food consumption. Our results indicate this approach may not be effective; local food buyers and nonbuyers have differing barriers to purchasing more or accessing local food. We examine the effect of demographics, health indicators, shopping location, and zip code on those barriers. Prices and availability are barriers for both buyers and nonbuyers. Consumers with higher healthy diet scores are more likely to think about local food availability. Providing specific products is a more viable strategy than creating additional purchasing venues. These results are important, as governments seek to increase local food purchases and enhance local agriculture.
The United Auto Workers’ Attempts to Unionize Volkswagen Chattanooga:

The author examines attempts by the United Auto Workers (UAW) to unionize the Volkswagen (VW) plant in Chattanooga, Tennessee. These efforts were a pivotal test of labor’s ability to organize in th...
Message-Framing Effects on Indian Females’ Mammography-Screening Intentions: Examining Moderating and Mediating Relationships

This study explored how distinct intervening factors explain the impact of message-framing appeals on Indian females’ mammography-screening intentions. Contrary to prior investigations of early detection behavior, gain-framed messages were more effective at promoting mammography-screening intentions than loss-framed messages. Furthermore, results indicated that varying levels of need for cognition did not impact when gain- or loss-framed appeals were more effective, but rather how framing influenced message responses as well as message judgments. In particular, at high levels of need for cognition, gain-framed messages generated greater message attention and perceived message value than loss-framed appeals. Importantly, the findings from mediation tests revealed distinct pathways whereby both gain- and loss-framed messages indirectly influenced mammography-screening intentions. Specifically, gain-framed messages were perceived as having greater credibility and loss-framed messages induced more personal worry.
Students' perceptions of the social responsibilities of engineers

Engineering social responsibility is the responsibility of engineers to evaluate the broader impacts of their work on public welfare. Despite the central role of social responsibility to the engineering profession, social responsibility does not seem to be adequately emphasized in engineering curriculum. This study seeks to understand how students understand the social responsibilities of engineers. Interviews with ten students and three professors in engineering were analyzed with thematic analysis. The results from this study indicate that students are aware of ways that engineers can both benefit and harm society. When asked what influenced their views on social responsibility, students identified personal and extracurricular experiences, not engineering courses. Engineering programs are encouraged to incorporate more explicit instruction about the social dimensions of engineering to support the development of socially responsible engineers.
Network Neuroscience: A Framework for Developing Biomarkers in Psychiatry.

Psychiatric disorders are disturbances of cognitive and behavioral processes mediated by the brain. Emerging evidence suggests that accurate biomarkers for psychiatric disorders might benefit from incorporating information regarding multiple brain regions and their interactions with one another, rather than considering local perturbations in brain structure and function alone. Recent advances in the field of applied mathematics generally – and network science specifically – provide a language to capture the complexity of interacting brain regions, and the application of this language to fundamental questions in neuroscience forms the emerging field of network neuroscience. This chapter provides an overview of the use and utility of network neuroscience for building biomarkers in psychiatry. The chapter begins with an overview of the theoretical frameworks and tools that encompass network neuroscience before describing applications of network neuroscience to the study of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. With reference to work on genetic, molecular, and environmental correlates of network neuroscience features, the promises and challenges of network neuroscience for providing tools that aid in the diagnosis and the evaluation of treatment response in psychiatric disorders are discussed.
Value Creation and Appropriation by Firms and Stakeholders

Value creation and appropriation are core concepts in strategic management because the two processes critically shape the financial performance of firms and the economic returns to key stakeholders...
Lacking Resilience or Mounting Resistance? Interpreting the Actions of Indigenous and Immigrant Youth within TeachFirst New Zealand.

This article draws on qualitative data collected in New Zealand over a 6-month period to examine how participants in and involved with TeachFirst New Zealand (TFNZ) rely on notions of grit and resi...
Unobtrusive and Extensible Archival Replay Banners Using Custom Elements

We compare and contrast three different ways to implement an archival replay banner. We propose an implementation that utilizes Custom Elements and adds some unique behaviors, not common in existing archival replay systems, to enhance the user experience. Our approach has a minimal user interface footprint and resource overhead while still providing rich interactivity and extended on-demand provenance information about the archived resources.