cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increasing Retarded Adults' Compliance with Occupational and Household Tasks with a Guided Compliance and Verbal Praise Procedure: A Preliminary Investigation

We examined the use of a guided compliance procedure for increasing compliance with occupational and household tasks in community dwelling, mildly retarded adults. Two clients were admitted to an inpatient unit and were observed in a training room and a behaviour unit setting. In both settings, the clients were requested to engage in a number of occupational and household tasks, similar or identical to tasks they confront in the community. Training consisted of contingent praise for compliance, and physical guidance, applied contingent upon occurrences of noncompliance. Data were collected on compliance, aggression, verbal abuse, and proper application of the training procedure. Training was conducted in a multiple baseline across the two settings. These preliminary results suggest that guided compliance was successful in increasing compliance, with only a minimal and transitory increase in aggression and verbal abuse observed for one client, predominantly in the early phase of training. Largely anecdotal follow-up data suggest that the effect generalised to the community and maintained for at least five months.
We Click, We Align, We Learn: Impact of Influence and Convergence Processes on Student Learning and Rapport Building

Behavioral convergence has been identified as one (largely subconscious) contributor to successful conversations, while rapport is one of the central constructs that explains development of personal relationships between these speakers over time. Social factors such as these have been shown to play a potent role in learning. Therefore, in this work, we investigate the relationship in dyadic peer tutoring conversations of convergence, building up of interpersonal rapport over time, and student learning, while positing a novel mechanism that links these constructs. We develop an approach for hierarchical computational modeling of convergence by accounting for time-based dependencies that arise in longitudinal interaction streams, and can thus a)quantify the effect of one partner's behavior on the other and differentiate between driver and recipient (Influence), b)extrapolate the outcome of directional influence to determine adaptation in partners' behaviors (Convergence). Our results illustrate that influence, convergence and rapport in the peer tutoring dialog are correlated with learning gains and provide concrete evidence for rapport being a causal mechanism that leads to convergence of speech rate in the interaction. We discuss the implications of our work for the development of peer tutoring agents that can improve learning gains through convergence to and from the human learner's behavior.
The effect of corticorelin acetate on peritumoral brain edema: An interim report of an open-label study as part of a phase III program

9095 Background: Steroid treatment of peritumoral brain edema (PBE) in patients with malignant brain tumors (BTs) is frequently associated with debilitating steroid side effects. The investigationa...
Safety and Efficacy of an Early Home-Based Walking Program After Receipt of an Initial Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator.

Abstract Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of an early home-based walking program for first-time implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) recipients. Design Pre-post intervention trial. Setting Institutional and private practice. Participants Cardiac patients (N=301) with an initial ICD implantation for primary or secondary prevention; able to read, speak, and write English; and having access to telephone. Interventions Early home-based walking protocol implemented 1-month post-ICD implant. Exercise tolerance monitored by study nurses via telephone. Main Outcome Measures Safety assessment was based on the frequency of ICD therapies and hospitalizations, and efficacy assessment was based on pedometer measures and self-report of ICD self-efficacy and physical activity. Results ICD recipients were on average 64.1±11.9 years old, predominantly men, and white, with an ejection fraction of P P =.001), and lymphoma ( P =.024). Conclusions Early ambulation after an initial ICD was safe and effective, with few ICD shocks and improved efficacy.
Abstract P056: RalGDS-Dependent Cardiomyocyte Autophagy in Load-Induced Ventricular Hypertrophy

Background: Recent work has demonstrated that autophagy, a phylogenetically conserved, lysosome-mediated pathway of protein degradation, is a key participant in pathological cardiac remodeling. One common feature of cell growth and autophagy is membrane biogenesis and processing. The exocyst, an octomeric protein complex involved in vesicle trafficking, is implicated in numerous cellular processes, yet its role in cardiomyocyte plasticity is unknown. Here, we set out to explore the role of small G protein-dependent membrane trafficking in stress-induced cardiomyocyte remodeling and autophagy. Methods and Results: Hearts from mice lacking RalGDS ( Ralgds -/- ), a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for the Ral family of small GTPases, were similar to wild-type (WT) littermates in terms of ventricular structure, contractile performance, and gene expression. However, Ralgds -/- hearts manifested a blunted growth response (p Ralgds -/- sham: 4.87 ± 0.19, n=6, TAC: 5.86 ± 0.10, n=6). Ventricular chamber size and contractile performance were unchanged in response to TAC in both genotypes. Interestingly, TAC-induced activation of the fetal gene program was similar in both genotypes despite the relative lack of hypertrophic growth in mutant hearts. Ralgds -/- mice also exhibited diminished load-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy. Consistent with the TAC findings, Ralgds -/- mice manifested a blunted autophagic response to 24-hour fasting, suggesting a generalized defect in autophagy. To explore underlying mechanisms, we tested in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes two isoforms of Ral that are downstream of RalGDS (RalA, RalB) and whose actions are mediated by the exocyst. In these experiments, mTOR inhibition was maintained in response to starvation and rapamycin despite RalA or RalB knockdown; however, autophagy was diminished only in NRCM9s with RalB knockdown, implicating RalB as required for cardiomyocyte autophagy. Conclusions: Together, these data implicate RalGDS-mediated induction of autophagy as a critical feature of load-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
Evaluation of Immunofluorescence and Cell Culture Techniques for Detecting La Crosse Virus Infection in Individual Aedes Triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Two methods, (1) the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) using head squashes, and (2) the method of tissue trituration and inoculation of supernatant into a susceptible assay system, were evaluated for detection of La Crosse (LAC) virus infection of individual Aedes triseriatus . Twenty-one days after fully engorging on an infectious blood meal containing LAC virus, 63% (119/189) of the control group females transmitted virus to suckling mice; virus infection persisted in 97% (184/189) of the control group females. The test group females were cut into 3 parts (head, anterior thorax, abdomen) to determine the extent of viral infection using IFAT on head squashes and the trituration method on thoracic and abdominal tissues. Head-squash I FAT indicated 71% (52/73) of the test group had disseminated infections; 21% (15/73) had nondisseminated infections. Exclusive use of head-squash IFAT would have indicated a 3 to 24% lower infection rate than the trituration method. However, judicious use of the IFAT will save time and reduce the cost of assay, since only mosquitoes with negative head squashes need be further assayed; in this study a 70% reduction in individual trituration assays would have been realized. A comparison of test and control groups indicated disseminated infections could not be directly equated with the probability of virus transmission.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EVOLUTION IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS: PHENOLOGICAL ADAPTATION BY A BRUCHID BEETLE.

Heterogeneity is a fundamental feature of any habitat. Organisms live in physical settings that change from place to place and from time to time; and the biological environment, being made of objects that grow, reproduce, and die, is also constantly changing. These straightforward observations raise two obvious questions. Do organisms adapt to environmental flux? If they do, how do they do it? The work discussed below was prompted by these questions. This paper documents behavioral changes by which a bruchid beetle adapted phenologically to spatial and temporal variations in laboratory habitats. Beetles in most of the experimental environments evolved particular rates of oviposition that damped out different phenological effects of different environments. The beetle's ability to adapt depended on the environment's temporal predictability. In serially uncorrelated habitats, phenological adaptation did not occur. Other components of oviposition behavior also evolved differently in different environments; these other changes, which affected host discrimination, will be discussed elsewhere (Mark, unpubl.). Most of the previous studies of the evolutionary effects of environmental heterogeneity were motivated by the question, "How does environmental heterogeneity affect gene frequencies?" A rather large literature, reviewed by Felsenstein (1976) and Hedrick et al. (1976), has built up around this question, but it is peripheral to the work to be described here.
Sustained cutaneous vasoconstriction during and following cyrotherapy treatment: Role of oxidative stress and Rho kinase.

Cryotherapy is a therapeutic technique using ice or cold water applied to the skin to reduce bleeding, inflammation, pain, and swelling following soft tissue trauma and injury. While beneficial, there are some side effects such as pronounced vasoconstriction and tissue ischemia that are sustained for hours post-treatment. This study tested the hypothesis that this vasoconstriction is mediated by 1) the Rho-kinase pathway and/or 2) elevated oxidative stress. 9 subjects were fitted with a commercially available cryotherapy unit with a water perfused bladder on the lateral portion of the right calf. Participants were instrumented with three microdialysis probes underneath the bladder. One site received lactated ringers (control site), one received the Rho-Kinase inhibitor Fasudil, and one received Ascorbic Acid. Skin temperature (Tskin) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was measured at each site. Subjects had 1°C water perfused through the bladder for 30min, followed by passive rewarming for 90min. Tskin fell from ~34°C to ~18.0°C during active cooling across all sites and this response was similar for all sites (P>0.05 for all comparisons). During passive rewarming Tskin rose to a similar degree in all sites (P>0.05 relative to the end of cooling). %CVC was reduced during active cooling in all sites; however, the magnitude of this response was blunted in the Fasudil site relative to control (P 0.05 for each comparison). %CVC at the Fasudil site remained elevated during passive rewarming such that values were higher compared to the control and Ascorbic Acid sites throughout the 90min of passive rewarming (P<0.001 main effect of Fasudil). These findings indicate that the Rho-kinase pathway contributes to pronounced vasoconstriction during cryotherapy as well as the sustained vasoconstriction during the subsequent rewarming period post treatment.
Comprehensive Index Method of Contingency Screening Based on Maximizing Deviations

A large number of anticipated faults must be analyzed and evaluated necessarily in the on-line dynamic security assessment.Comprehensive index method of contingency screening is generally based on the fast calculation of the comprehensive value of performance indexes which reflects the severity of the fault,and then faults are sorted by comprehensive index values so as to achieve the purpose of rapid screening and sorting.Different index weights have different degrees of influence to the result of sorting.In order to improve the objectivity of calculating screening results,the maximizing deviations method is introduced to determine index weights and to calculate weighted comprehensive index values.Simulation examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
T.A.I: A Tangible AI Interface to Enhance Human-Artificial Intelligence (AI) Communication Beyond the Screen

Social and emotional intelligence of computer systems is increasingly important in human-AI (Artificial Intelligence) interactions. This paper presents a tangible AI interface, T.A.I, that enhances physical engagement in digital communication between users and a conversational AI agent. We describe a compact, pneumatically shape-changing hardware design with a rich set of physical gestures that actuate on mobile devices during real-time conversations. Our user study suggests that the physical presence provided by T.A.I increased users' empathy for, and social connection with the virtual intelligent system, leading to an improved Human-AI communication experience.
Two-dimensional superconductivity in the cuprates revealed by atomic-layer-by-layer molecular beam epitaxy

Various electronic phases displayed by cuprates that exhibit high temperature superconductivity continue to attract much interest. We provide a short review of several experiments that we have performed aimed at investigating the superconducting state in these compounds. Measurements on single-phase films, bilayers, and superlattices all point to the conclusion that the high-temperature superconductivity (HTS) in these materials is an essentially quasi-two dimensional phenomenon. With proper control over the film growth, HTS can exist in a single copper oxide plane with the critical temperatures as high as that achieved in the bulk samples.
Can specialized surgical simulation influence resident career choice

Abstract Objective Our institution began Advanced Trauma Operative Management (ATOM) simulation course in 2007 for senior residents with the aim of increasing opportunities for surgical trainees to gain operative trauma experience. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of the ATOM simulation course on residents' choice of trauma as a career as demonstrated by entrance into surgical critical care (SCC) fellowships. Design Retrospective study of institutional data on graduating residents from 2002 to 2015. Residents were divided into pre-ATOM (2002–08) and post- (institution of) ATOM (2009–15) cohorts. The percentage of residents entering SCC fellowships was then compared among cohorts as well as to national trends. Results Nationally the pre-ATOM group had 7057 graduating general surgery (GS) residents (847 SCC) and post-ATOM had 7581 graduating GS residents (1268 SCC). Locally the pre-ATOM group consisted of 40 graduating GS residents (1 SCC) and while the post-ATOM cohort had 51 graduating GS residents (9 SCC). The number of SCC fellows increased by 4.7% nationally and 15.7% institutionally between the two study groups. The increased interest in SCC was more than could be accounted for by national trends. Conclusions Interest in a career in trauma was increased among residents graduating from this single institution after instituting ATOM as part of the educational curriculum.
Undergraduates deserve methods too: Using a research laboratory model to engage students in cognitive anthropological research

Some in the public sphere question the value of an anthropology degree. This assessment is unfortunate, as an education in anthropology prepares students for a wide variety of careers. To communicate the relevancy of anthropology, the discipline needs to have a renewed focus on applied methods. No longer can research be primarily for PhD students. Undergraduates also need opportunities for developing tangible skills that will be attractive and useful to employers. This paper provides an example of the Collaborative Anthropological Research Laboratory (CARL) that addresses this need. Based at Utah State University, CARL engages undergraduates in experiential learning through research. In their cognitive anthropological study of campus gender roles, these students gain valuable experience in a suite of methodological approaches that are valued in the applied sector. We contend that CARL serves as an example of how to construct a research group that focuses on the educational needs of undergraduates. [undergraduate, cognitive anthropology, methods]
Detection of Corrosion in Aging Aircraft Structures by Laser-Ultrasonics

Corrosion has been recognized to be a serious problem for the aging aircraft fleet currently in operation. In this work, laser-ultrasonics is shown to be a promising technique for the rapid and quantitative evaluation of corrosion in lap joints. By analyzing the broadband laser-ultrasonic signal obtained on a lap joint, we show that bonded areas can be discriminated from disbonded areas, which could be affected by corrosion. In the disbonded areas, corrosion thinning is evaluated by monitoring, in the frequency domain, the position of a resonant peak. Using a specimen simulating material loss, we show that an accuracy of 1% in the thickness determination is feasible.
Abstract C01: Understanding supportive care factors among African American breast cancer survivors

Introduction: Comprehensive breast cancer care includes not only diagnosis, staging and treatment for cancer, but also assessment and management of the physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and informational needs-collectively known as supportive care. This time frame, largely acknowledged until recently, is commonly referred to as the supportive phase. Several studies have documented the importance of addressing supportive care factors among breast cancer survivors. However, there appears to be a paucity of research concerning African American breast cancer survivors. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate and understand the patient-centered supportive care factors among community-dwelling African American breast cancer survivors. Design/Methods: Via recruitment flyers, supportive groups and word of mouth, 169 women were recruited and screened from breast cancer support groups and community dwellers. One hundred and sixty women were eligible and 155 participated. The inclusion criteria were women who self-identified as African/Black American, age 25 years and older, diagnosed with breast cancer and at least 1 year post-active treatment. As part of a larger study, and using a qualitative descriptive approach, an open-ended questionnaire explored supportive care factors that were utilized by n = 155 African American breast cancer survivors in southern and northern California. Results: The results revealed that the breast cancer survivors age at diagnosis ranged from 31-77 (M = 51.7), and years of survivorship ranged from 1-27 (M = 9.7). Among these women, the four (4) supportive care factors that were considered to be the most helpful and primary during their survivorship trajectory were their faith, supportive structures, being optimistic and having adequate access to information. Conclusion: An understanding of these factors as reported by African American breast cancer survivors might facilitate discussion among members of the oncology care team and this shared dialogue could pave the way for a responsive healthcare model (e.g. survivorship care plans) and targeted intervention of psychosocial resources. The resultant effect could also inform and promote the delivery of culturally specific healthcare to address the supportive care needs among African American breast cancer survivors. Citation Format: Claudia M. Davis. Understanding supportive care factors among African American breast cancer survivors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C01.
Improved Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

We previously demonstrated that the NSG (NOD-Scid-IL2Rgcnull) xenotransplantation is an improved model for human AML samples, allowing us to better understand and characterize AML biology, especially in the context of drug therapy studies (Sanchez et al., Leukemia 2009). However, we observed that approximately half of AML patients’ samples either did not engraft in NSG mice (based on 0.5% in mouse BM. From these 35 NSG-engrafting samples, 14 were also injected in NSG-S mice and all of them engrafted. Leukemic burden was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased in NSG-S versus NSG mice: 39±21% vs 22±23% BM blasts, 21±15% vs 7±10% SPL blasts, 2,732±6,488 vs 141±221 blasts/ml PB. Interestingly, the dramatic increase in peripheral blast count observed in NSG-S mice provides new opportunities to use PB to monitor drug response for the many patient samples that show no or very low peripheral engraftment in NSG mice. However, for 7 of these 14 NSG-engrafting AML samples, the use of NSG-S mice as recipients was associated with rapid engraftment, excessive leukemic burden, anemia, weight loss and lethargy requiring early sacrifice and leading to shorter overall survival (54±26 days in NSG-S vs >90 days in NSG). Out of the 36 patients’ samples that failed to engraft in NSG mice, 19 were tested for engraftment in NSG-S mice. Remarkably, 14 out 19 (74%) samples engrafted (17±16% BM blasts, 8±12% SPL, and 1,418±4,609/ml PB blasts at Day 77 post-transplant) and the kinetics of engraftment were slower compared to AML samples that can engraft in both mouse strains. These results suggest that the presence of human SCF, GM-CSF and IL-3 in NSG-S is sufficient to rescue leukemia-initiating cells for most AML samples that fail to engraft in NSG mice. Only 5 out of 33 samples (15%) failed to engraft in NSG and NSG-S mice, indicating that the NSG-S BM microenvironment remains suboptimal for a small minority of AML samples. We are investigating if NSG-S engraftment is correlated to CD116, CD117, CD123 expression, cytogenetics, mutations, and prognosis. Overall, our results show that NSG-S mice represent a significant improvement over previous patient-derived xenograft models since they can (1) accelerate and enhance leukemic engraftment compared to NSG mice, and (2) support engraftment for 85% of our AML patients, making this model particularly useful for pre-clinical studies. Disclosures Dos Santos:Janssen R&D: Research Funding. Danet-Desnoyers:Janssen R&D: Research Funding.
The Absence of Presence: Relating to Black (Non)Humanisms in Popular Culture

Scholar of African American religion and culture, Monica R. Miller’s chapter, “The Absence of Presence: Relating to ‘Black’ (Non)Humanisms in Popular Culture,” turns to hip hop culture, the history of African American (humanist) religious expression, and the high culture of visual art galleries, to offer an allegory about why race (and other forms of social difference) are so difficult to see in spaces of humanism. And yet, the ability to see such differences (and difficulties) are vital to updating humanism to more equitably engage the world.
At Arm's Length: Challenges in Building a Wearable Robotic Forearm for Human-Robot Collaboration

Wearable robots have become feasible with recent advances in actuators, electronics, and rapid prototyping. We report on the development of a supernumerary wearable robotic forearm for close-range collaborative activities. In order for this device to be effective in its role, both usability and technical challenges must be addressed. We report on studies identifying desirable usage contexts for such a device, followed by an analysis of the advantage it provides and the loads it exerts on the user. Finally, we discuss ongoing work on adapting path-planning, perception, and behavior models to suit this device»s novel interaction scheme.
From Triumph to Crisis: Neoliberal Economic Reform in Postcommunist Countries

The postcommunist countries were amongst the most fervent and committed adopters of neoliberal economic reforms. Not only did they manage to overcome the anticipated domestic opposition to 'shock therapy' and Washington Consensus reforms, but many fulfilled the membership requirements of the European Union and even adopted avant-garde neoliberal reforms like the flat tax and pension privatization. Neoliberalism in the postcommunist countries went farther and lasted longer than expected, but why? Unlike pre-existing theories based on domestic political-economic struggles, this book focuses on the imperatives of re-insertion into the international economy. Appel and Orenstein show how countries engaged in 'competitive signaling', enacting reforms in order to attract foreign investment. This signaling process explains the endurance and intensification of neoliberal reform in these countries for almost two decades, from 1989–2008, and its decline thereafter, when inflows of capital into the region suddenly dried up. This book will interest students of political economy and Eastern European and Eurasian politics.
II – Linear Differential Equations

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on higher-order linear equations. Even for second-order linear equations, no general method of solution is available as there was for first-order equations. Formulas for general solutions can be found for certain special classes of higher-order equations. The chapter describes the important basic properties of solutions of linear differential equations in general. Homogeneous equations are considered for this purpose. A theory for non-homogeneous equations, based on that for homogeneous equations, is described. For the applications that give rise to differential equations, real solutions of the equations are considered. However, sometimes it is convenient to extract a desired real solution from a complex solution. In case the associated homogeneous equation has constant coefficients, or is of the Cauchy-Euler type, it could be solved.
Der e-Faktor: Von e-business zur e-society

Vor wenigen Jahren fuhrte IBM den Begriff e-business ein, um der Bedeutung des Web jenseits vom Chatten und Surfen einen Namen zu geben. Schnell avancierte der Begriff zum Modewort und steht heute fur die Umwalzungcn, die das Web in der Wirtschaftswelt auslost. Dabei sind die unzahligen Internet-Startups zwar zur Zeit die popularsten Vorboten des Web-Age, sie sind jedoch bei weitem nicht der Motor der Veranderungen. Die eigentliche Revolution wird ausgelost, wenn die etablierten Unternehmen und Organisationen die Internettechnologie nutzen, um sich selbst neu zu erfinden und mit neuen Geschaftsmodellen ihre Stellung auf den Markten von morgen zu sichern.
Computing optimized rectilinear regions for association rules

We address the problem of finding useful regions for two-dimensional association rules and decision trees. In a previous paper we presented efficient algorithms for computing optimized x-monotone regions, whose intersections with any vertical line are always undivided. In practice, however, the quality of x-monotone regions is not ideal, because the boundary of an x-monotone region tends to be notchy, and the region is likely to overfit a training dataset too much to give a good prediction for an unseen test dataset. In this paper we instead propose the use of a rectilinear region whose intersection with any vertical line and whose intersection with any horizontal line are both undivided, so that the boundary of any rectilinear region is never notchy. This property is studied from a theoretical viewpoint. Experimental tests confirm that the rectilinear region less overfits a training database and thefore provides a better prediction for unseen test data. We also present a novel efficient algorithm for computing optimized rectilinear regions.
Primary Writing Tremor.

Background: Primary writing tremor (PWT) is a rare condition; tremor occurs primarily while writing rather than during other tasks. Phenomenology Shown: We illustrate the phenomenology of PWT and point out associated subtle dystonic posturing on neurological examination. Educational Value: PWT is a tremor disorder that shares clinical features with both dystonia and essential tremor.
Software for top-down proteomic identification of a plasmid-borne factor (and other proteins) from genomically sequenced pathogenic bacteria using MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS and post-source decay

Abstract A plasmid-borne factor (hypothetical protein) was identified in three Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O113:H21 strains using antibiotic-induction, MALDI-TOF-TOF tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), post-source decay (PSD) and top-down proteomic analysis. The plasmid-encoded factor was identified from three pairs of complementary fragment ions (b/y) which were also used to obtain a more accurate calculation of the mass of the protein than that possible from MS analysis. A software application tool was developed to rapidly search amino acid sequences from whole genome sequencing-derived data to match the observed protein mass and fragment ions on the assumption that the fragment ions are the result of polypeptide backbone cleavage on the C-terminal side of aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues, i.e. aspartic acid effect. Manual inspection and top-down proteomic analysis confirmed the correctness of the identification of this protein using this new application tool. Although the function of the plasmid-borne factor is not known, its antibiotic-induced expression may suggest a role in antimicrobial stress. This approach was also used to identify three highly conserved bacterial cold-shock proteins: CspC, CspE, CsbD from one of the STEC strains. In addition to polypeptide backbone cleavage, metastable CsbD showed multiple small dissociative losses perhaps suggesting ammonia loss from the four arginine residues in its sequence. This phenomenon had been previously observed for metastable ubiquitin which also has four arginine residues.
Terahertz emission from Ga 1 − x In x Sb

We report an experimental study on terahertz (THz) emission from ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{In}}_{x}\mathrm{Sb}$ with $0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1$. THz emission is excited by femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses. For this material system THz emission is maximized for an In mole fraction $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.5$. The maximum in THz emission occurs as a result of carrier compensation $({N}_{A}\ensuremath{\approx}{N}_{B})$ for this specific material composition. The THz emission from $n$-type $\mathrm{InSb}$ is twice as large than that from $p$-type $\mathrm{GaSb}$. The THz emission from ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{In}}_{x}\mathrm{Sb}$ is explained according to the photo-Dember model. The ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{In}}_{x}\mathrm{Sb}$ material system enabled the study of the influence of carrier concentrations on the THz emission process in narrow band gap semiconductors. Our study demonstrates the existence of a compromise between the positive effect of high electron temperature provided by narrow band gap materials and the negative effect of a high intrinsic carrier concentration. This compromise dictates the extent to which the band gap in a semiconductor can be reduced in order to enhance the THz emission. This same analysis can be extended to explain why the THz emission from $\mathrm{InSb}$ is lower than that of $\mathrm{InAs}$.
Bioethics and "Brave New World": Science Fiction and Public Articulation of Bioethics

Debates over medicine and biotechnology have often had recourse to science fiction narratives. One narrative, Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World , is unique in that both proponents and opponents of research treated references to the novel as a legitimate rhetorical strategy. This essay uses debates from 1998 to 2003 over embryonic stem cell research and cloning to illustrate two types of references to Huxley’s novel. Allusions to the novel identify the presence and salience of ethical concerns, acting as an opening gambit in public discourse. Allegorical uses yoke the novel to a narrow pretext of conservative bioethics. After identifying the contours of allusion and allegory, this essay argues for eschewing allegory in order to preserve a rhetorical commonplace for public discourse on medicine and biotechnology.
Glucose-Responsive Insulin Through Bioconjugation Approaches:

Although insulin analogs have markedly improved glycemic control for people with diabetes, glycemic excursions still cause major health problems and complications. In particular, the narrow therapeutic window of current insulin therapy makes it extremely difficult to maintain normoglycemia without risking severe hypoglycemia. Currently, there are no FDA-approved insulin therapeutics whose bioactivity is regulated by blood glucose levels. This review discusses recent progress on developing glucose-responsive insulin (GRI) bioconjugates without the need of exogenous matrices. Through this approach, tremendous efforts have been made over the years to demonstrate the promise of better glycemic control and reduced risk of hypoglycemia. Last, we discuss future directions of GRI development with a goal to maximize the glucose responsiveness.
Kfouri, un irritante ganador

Kfouri, J. (2017). Confesso que perdi: memorias . Sao Paulo: Companhia das Letras. ISBN: 8535929738. El libro Confesso que perdi: memorias traza un panorama de la carrera del periodista deportivo brasileno, desde sus primeros pasos en el periodismo en la decada de 1970, pasando por su implicacion en los movimientos de resistencia a la dictadura, hasta sus trabajos en la Red Globo de television y en la revista Placar . Kfouri analiza momentos historicos en el pais – la dictadura, la Copa del Mundo de 1982, la trama de compra de resultados en el futbol – asi como contrasta la relacion del deporte, especialmente el futbol, con escandalos de corrupcion en Brasil y en el mundo. Al exponer la participacion de politicos, atletas, periodistas y personalidades en esos escandalos, Kfouri demuestra que no se omite ante situaciones que causaron – y causan – incomodidad y constrenimiento en el medio deportivo. A pesar del enfoque directo, el lenguaje de Kfouri es ligero, casi una charla, y eso vuelve la lectura, desde el punto de vista practico, agradable, y desde el punto de vista historico, indispensable.
Factors Associated with Participation in Rheumatic Disease‐Related Research among Underrepresented Populations: A Qualitative Systematic Review

Objective Nonwhite racial/ethnic groups remain underrepresented in rheumatic disease-related research, despite being disproportionately affected by these disorders. Our objective was to systematically review the literature regarding underrepresented patients' perceptions of participation in rheumatic disease research and to develop strategies to improve diversity. Methods A systematic search of Embase, PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, and Cochrane was performed through October 2018. Two independent reviewers identified 642 unique studies; 7 met inclusion criteria (peer-reviewed articles, published in English in the last 20 years, adult population, and with a focus on underrepresented patients' participation in rheumatic research). Five coauthors provided final approval of included articles. Data abstraction was performed, and common themes and key differences were determined and adjudicated. Results The 7 articles included (n = 1,892 patients, range per article 20-961) evaluated factors associated with research participation of underrepresented populations. Five articles were related to lupus and 2 to rheumatoid arthritis, and 5 focused on African American patients and 1 on Hispanic patients. Five of the studies provided quantitative data through surveys (n = 3) and chart review (n = 2), while 2 used qualitative analyses. Key themes regarding underrepresented patients' perceptions of participating in research included: 1) the importance of trust in the patient- physician relationship, 2) the understanding of heterogeneity within and between ethnic groups, 3) the need for authentic academic-community partnerships, and 4) the implications of strict inclusion criteria on study participant diversity. Conclusion Limited evidence exists regarding underrepresented patients' attitudes toward research participation in rheumatology, and further investigation is warranted. The themes identified provide a starting point for future interventions that promote increased diversity in rheumatic disease-related research studies.
Mental health conditions diagnosed before bilateral oophorectomy: a population-based case-control study.

OBJECTIVE We studied eight mental health conditions diagnosed before bilateral oophorectomy performed for nonmalignant indications. METHODS We identified 1,653 premenopausal women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy for a nonmalignant indication in Olmsted County, Minnesota, during a 20-year period (1988-2007). Each woman was matched by age (±1 year) to one population-based control who had not undergone bilateral oophorectomy before the index date (age range: 21-49 years). Both cases and controls were identified using the records-linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP http://www.rochesterproject.org). For eight mental health conditions, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) adjusted for race, education, and income using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Pre-existing mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and somatoform disorders were associated with increased risk of bilateral oophorectomy in overall analyses. These associations were also significant in women ≤45 years of age at index date. Personality disorders were associated with increased risk only in overall analyses and adjustment disorders only in women 46 to 49 years of age. Some of the associations were significantly different across strata by age at index date and by indication. There was also a linear trend of increasing adjusted ORs from 1.55 (95% CI 1.31-1.83) for one mental health condition to 2.19 (95% CI 1.40-3.41) for three or more conditions (trend P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We identified several mental health conditions that were associated with bilateral oophorectomy for nonmalignant indications. Awareness of these associations may guide women and physicians in future decision-making and limit unindicated bilateral oophorectomies. VIDEO SUMMARY:: http://links.lww.com/MENO/A458.
Allele-specific enhancer interaction at the Peg3 imprinted domain

The parental allele specificity of mammalian imprinted genes has been evolutionarily well conserved, although its functional constraints and associated mechanisms are not fully understood. In the current study, we generated a mouse mutant with switched active alleles driving the switch from paternal-to-maternal expression for Peg3 and the maternal-to-paternal expression for Zim1. The expression levels of Peg3 and Zim1, but not the spatial expression patterns, within the brain showed clear differences between wild type and mutant animals. We identified putative enhancers localized upstream of Peg3 that displayed allele-biased DNA methylation, and that also participate in allele-biased chromosomal conformations with regional promoters. Most importantly, these data suggest for the first time that long-distance enhancers may contribute to allelic expression within imprinted domains through allele-biased interactions with regional promoters.
Selective interferon responses of intestinal epithelial cells minimize TNFα cytotoxicity

Interferon (IFN) family cytokines stimulate genes (ISGs) that are integral to antiviral host defense. Type I IFNs act systemically whereas type III IFNs act preferentially at epithelial barriers. Among barrier cells, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are particularly dependent on type III IFN for control and clearance of virus infection, but the physiological basis of this selective IFN response is not well understood. Here, we confirm that type III IFN treatment elicits robust and uniform ISG expression in neonatal mouse IECs and inhibits replication of IEC-tropic rotavirus. In contrast, type I IFN elicits a marginal ISG response in neonatal mouse IECs and does not inhibit rotavirus replication. In vitro treatment of IEC organoids with type III IFN results in ISG expression that mirrors the in vivo type III IFN response. However, the response of IEC organoids to type I IFN is strikingly increased relative to type III IFN in magnitude and scope. The expanded type I IFN-specific response includes pro-apoptotic genes and potentiates toxicity triggered by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). The ISGs stimulated in common by types I and III IFN have strong interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) promoter motifs, whereas the expanded set of type I IFN-specific ISGs, including pro-apoptotic genes, have weak ISRE motifs. Thus, preferential responsiveness of IECs to type III IFN in vivo enables selective ISG expression during infection that confers antiviral protection but minimizes disruption of intestinal homeostasis.
Outcomes associated with behavioral evaluation and counseling for patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery – A systematic review

Abstract Osteochondral allograft transplantation can be an effective way to treat cartilage defects in the knee. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate available research on the effects of preoperative behavioral evaluation and counseling on the outcomes for patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery with emphasis on osteochondral allograft transplantation in the knee. This systematic review of best current evidence indicates that psychological distress and untreated mental health issues are strongly associated with unfavorable outcomes after treatment of orthopaedic disorders, underscoring the need to incorporate behavioral screening and counseling into a comprehensive patient management protocol that improves outcomes for patients.
Message Appeals on an Instagram Account Promoting Seat Belt Use That Attract Adolescents and Young Adults: Elaboration-Likelihood Perspective Study

Background: Adolescents and young adults demonstrate the highest rate of unrestrained motor vehicle fatalities, making the promotion of seat belt restraint a priority for public health practitioners. Because social media use among adolescents and young adults has proliferated in recent years, it is critical to explore how to use this tool to promote seat belt use among this population. Social media posts can contain various types of information within each post and this information can be communicated using different modalities. Objective: In this study, based on the elaboration likelihood model, we aimed to examine how adolescents and young adults reacted to different appeals in various components of posts in the pilot of a promotion intervention on the Instagram BuckleUp4Life account. Methods: Using thematic analysis, we examined different appeals in 3 components (photo, text, and caption) of 199 posts in BuckleUp4Life and compared the number of likes for different appeals. Results: We found that 6 appeals were used in the posts: rational, ego, social, fun, positive emotional, and fear appeals. The results of our study showed that in photos, fun appeals were the most popular. Rational and positive emotional appeals were the most appealing in text and captions. Regardless of the location of the components (photo, text, or captions), rational appeal was the most popular appeal. Conclusions: Based on the findings of our study, we recommend that public health practitioners utilize fun photos with rational and positive emotional appeals in text and captions rather than fear or social appeals, when promoting seat belt use through social media, especially Instagram.
Animitas in the Araucanía: Mourning and Tragedies Crystallized in the Public Space

The animita is installed in the public space unrelated to any formal or institutional regulation, it is incorporated into the citizen's traffic at the specific place where a tragedy has occurred; or where a violent or accidental death has occurred (murders or children murders, suicides, accidents to pedestrians, delinquents or travellers). The blood spilled together with candles lighted by the mourners, demarcates the point of orientation for the soul of the deceased and it will be the place where a new animita, (temple house), or whatever the constructive imaginary on a small scale permits. It is there where life and death give way to the ineffable; where the deceased becomes a Popular Saint through favours granted, and, thanks to them, he or she will be able to atone for his or her sins and conclude their mission, abruptly truncated in life. The animitas are incorporated into the urban or rural architectural scene, presenting themselves as areas for devotion and indirectly as a reminder of the fragility of life. Because they're part of communal heritage and take place as social warrens, they represent a challenge for the architectural planning of the city and its road connectivity networks. The tension between the practices of the mortuary rite of the past and the present warns us about the challenges to think and reflect on the new intelligent city, which must dialogue in a respectful and sustainable way with its secular manifestations and its roots in cultural identity in southern Chile.
IPASS Handoff: Decreasing communication failures by utilizing a standardized patient handoff for neonatal and pediatric transport

Background: The Pediatric and Neonatal Transport Team recognized variability of team member presence and information sharing at transport patients’ bedside handoffs. Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU adopted and implemented a standardized handoff tool, IPASS, to decrease communication failures and improve patient safety. Aim: To utilize standardized IPASS handoff for all patient transports with …
Rare Vocabulary Production in School-Age Narrators From Low-Income Communities.

Purpose This study was designed to assess the utility of a tool for automated analysis of rare vocabulary use in the spoken narratives of a group of school-age children from low-income communities....
Physician Rating Websites and Use or Non-Use of a Physician After Reading These Reviews

This study is about use and non-use of a physician after reading physician rating website (PRW) reviews. College students (n=796) were surveyed about demographics, self-rated perceived health, health insurance, recent physician visits, and many PRW review topics. The study found that a number of PRWs read or typically read PRW reviews; trust, behavioral control, and intentions were each positively associated with increased odds for use and non-use of a physician. Women were associated with increased odds for use of a physician. Writing a PRW review was associated with increased odds for non-use of a physician. In conclusion, healthcare organizations and managers of physician practices should encourage patients to write reviews on PRWs with the hope that the majority of the reviews will be positive. As reviews read is a key factor influencing choosing to use and not use a physician, this way there will be a number of reviews for consumers to read.