cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Invited Paper-The Separated-Orbit Cyclotron

The separated-orbit cyclotron (SOC) is a cyclic accelerator which combines the advantages of the isochronous cyclotron, the synchrocyclotron, and the linear accelerator. In an SOC, injected ions are accelerated by radio frequency cavities interspersed with the sectors of a magnet structure that guides and focuses the beam along a fixed spiral path. The magnet structure, intersected radially at equal azimuthal intervals by the rf cavities, is designed so that the time per revolution of the particles is independent of their energy, as in an isochronous cyclotron, and it may incorporate any of the well-known methods for focusing ions, such as are used in various types of synchrocyclotrons. The particles accelerated in the SOC are phase focused with respect to a synchronous phase angle corresponding to a chosen rate of energy gain and a peak accelerating voltage. This is made possible by the independent magnetic focusing for the separated orbits since the transverse dimensions of the beam are much smaller than the separation between adjacent turns, 100% beam extraction efficiency should be easily achieved. Variable energy can be obtained by moving the extraction magnet to intercept all of the beam at the right turn for the energy desired. The original concept of the SOC featured a spiral-helix ion path, sometimes called "beehive," Fig. 1, in which the orbit separation necessary to accommodate the independent magnet structure for successive turns was gained mainly by axial displacement.
Mini-profile: a day in the life of an iSchool associate professor

[Author’s note: What follows here is a complete fraud. I doubt I’ve ever had a “typical day” in my entire life; I used to think I would, that things would settle down and find a routine, but so far, no go. We’ll just pretend, shall we?]
The mechanism of corrosion inhibition by chromate conversion coatings from x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (Xanes)

Abstract X-Ray absorption spectra of chromate conversion coatings on Al 2024-T3 and 3003-H14 have been obtained as a function of processing time and environmental exposure. The spectra reveal the presence of a significant ratio of unreacted hexavalent chromium in the chromate conversion coatings which decays with the time of exposure in air-equilibrated 0.5 M NaCl. These results suggest that the unique corrosion-protective property of chromated Al lies in the presence of a source of the hexavalent chromium species as an active inhibiting species.
Axons from non-cochlear sources in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat. A study with the rapid golgi method

Abstract Six groups of non-cochlear axons which project to the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat can be identified in rapid Golgi preparations. The axons in three of these groups enter the anteroventral cochlear nucleus from its medial border, most of the fibers coming from the trapezoid body. Group I axons terminate in the anterior part of the anterior division of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. Group II axons terminate in a portion of the small cell cap and in part of the posteroventral cochlear nucleus; they supply some endings to the dorsal part of the posterior division of the anteroventral nucleus as well. Group III axons end diffusely throughout the anterior division but not in the posterior division. Two groups of axons travel from caudal parts of the cochlear nucleus to the anteroventral part within the small cell cap. Group IV axons end in the dorsal part of the posterior division. Group V axons terminate in the dorsal part of the anterior division. Group VI axons course through the granule cell layer and form endings there but not in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus proper. The axons of each group form characteristic patterns of terminal branches, which give the different parts of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus a distinctive appearance in rapid Golgi preparations. Each subdivision of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus receives cochlear input. However, the present findings demonstrate differential non-cochlear inputs to the various subdivisions, implying that non-cochlear influences on the activity of the neurons may not be the same throughout the nucleus. Moreover, each subdivision contains several types of neurons and the non-cochlear inputs may project to all or to only some of these cell types. Thus, the arrangements of the non-primary inputs to the neurons of the cochlear nuclear complex introduce another level of complexity to its synaptic organization.
Schizophrenia: improving outcome.

Therapeutic advances over the last four decades have enabled most persons with schizophrenia to live in the community. Nevertheless, the majority will continue to experience various symptoms and to have social and cognitive disabilities. With the development of new medications and psychosocial interventions, outpatient status can no longer be viewed as a satisfactory final outcome. This article presents the current state of schizophrenia therapeutics in a variety of clinically relevant situations: first-episode psychosis, treatment-resistant psychosis, chronic, relapsing psychosis, continuous poor functioning, and chronic psychosis not responsive to pharmacotherapy. The first-line atypical antipsychotics should generally be used, mainly because of their comparatively benign side-effect profiles, and they should be given as early as possible in the illness. The clinician should not be quick to accept persistent psychosis; the second-line atypical clozapine should be tried early in the course of the disease...
Maize chloroplast RNA polymerase: the 180-, 120-, and 38-kilodalton polypeptides are encoded in chloroplast genes.

Abstract Prominent polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 180, 120, 85, and 38 kDa are found in an extensively purified preparation of maize chloroplast DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that retains the capacity to initiate transcription of the cloned chloroplast gene rbcL correctly and the requirement for a supercoiled DNA template for specific and active transcription. Amino-terminal amino acid sequences of the 180-, 120-, and 38-kDa polypeptides have been determined and found to correspond precisely to the sequences deduced from the 5' ends of the maize chloroplast rpoC2, rpoB, and rpoA genes, respectively. These experiments show that these chloroplast rpo genes encode the prominent polypeptides in the highly enriched maize chloroplast RNA polymerase preparation and support the conclusion that these polypeptides are functional components of the enzyme. The rpoB, rpoC1, and rpoC2 genes have been mapped on the maize chloroplast chromosome.
The Porosity of the Egg-Shell in Relation to Hatchability

Abstract INTRODUCTION INCLUDED in the group of physical characters which have been studied in relations to their possible influence on the hatching power of the hen’s egg are such factors as egg weight, egg shape, thickness of shell membranes, number and size of shell pores, shell weight, and the linear measurements of the egg. These studies are at best only relative indices of hatchability since heredity, nutrition, and care of eggs before and during incubation all have important roles in determining and affecting hatchability. Olsson (1934) states that specific gravity is highly correlated with the weight of shell expressed as percentage of total egg weight, and thus is a good measure of percentage of shell. Whereas the specific gravity of the egg is 1.085–1.090 immediately after laying, that of the shell is 2.325. Almquist and Holst (1931) measured shell texture by staining the shells with methylene blue. A close agreement was found . . .
The nephrotoxic "triple whammy" of combining diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and NSAIDs [corrected].

Lapi and colleagues identified 2215 cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) during follow-up—an overall incidence of 7 in 10 000 (95% CI 7/10 000 to 8/10 000) person years.1 A recent US study reported a rapidly increasing incidence of serious AKI requiring dialysis—from 222 cases per million person years in 2000 to 533 cases per …
Data mining and audience intelligence for advertising

Growth in the global advertising industry - especially the recent rapid growth in online advertising - has generated large volumes of data, bringing along with it many challenging data mining problems. Researchers from various disciplines have brought their expertise to solve these exciting problems, leading to a plethora of novel applications and new algorithms. We strongly felt that we needed a forum where data mining researchers and practitioners, from both academia and the industry, could come together to share their experience on advertising. To this end, we organized ADKDD 20071, the First International Workshop on Data Mining and Audience Intelligence for Advertising, in conjunction with KDD 2007 at San Jose, California, USA. In this report, we will present a summary of the workshop.
Bosonization of Massive Fermions

We study the Euclidean sine-Gordon field theory on the plane with β > 16π/3 and an interaction density confined to a finite square. For β= 4 π we construct correlation functions for the field : sin φ \colon; and show that they are equal to the pseudoscalar ―ψΓψ correlation functions for a free fermion theory with mass term confined to the finite square.
INHERITANCE OF GREGARIOUS AND SOLITARY OVIPOSITION IN MUSCIDIFURAX RAPTORELLUS KOGAN AND LEGNER (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE)

Inheritance of gregarious or solitary oviposition in Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan and Legner involves two phases: (1) the female parasitoid expresses either trait shortly after mating, the magnitude of which is apparently determined by the male genome; and (2) the trait is then apparently fixed into a genome of her offspring who demonstrate it in the virgin state. In the first phase, less than one-half the magnitude of behavioral expression is shown, full expression occurring in the F1 diploid virgin hybrid. In matings with hybrids produced from subsequent backcrosses, more than one-half of the behavior is expressed shortly after mating. Traits related to gregarious oviposition (number parasitoids developed per host and total progeny) were also similarly initially expressed and subsequently inherited. A polygenic mode of inheritance is apparent, with ≥3-22 genes estimated. The extranuclear influences prior to inheritance may involve microorganisms and/or chemicals (enzymes) present in hymenopteran seminal fluid. Natural selection in this system should be accelerated by males causing the expression of a portion of the quantity of heritable behavior within the same generation.
Autoimmune pancreatitis: imaging features.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine imaging findings in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients (25 male and four female; mean age, 56 years; range, 15–82 years) with histopathologic diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis were examined. Data were reviewed by two radiologists in consensus. Imaging findings for review included those from helical computed tomography (CT), 25 patients; magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), four patients; endoscopic ultrasonography (US), 21 patients; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), 19 patients; and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, one patient. Images were analyzed for appearances of pancreas, biliary and pancreatic ducts, and other findings, such as peripancreatic inflammation, encasement of vessels, mass effect, pancreatic calcification, peripancreatic nodes, and peripancreatic fluid collection. Follow-up images were available in nine patients. Serologic markers such...
A reexamination of the spreading center hypothesis for Ovda and Thetis Regiones, Venus

Crumpler et al. (1987) proposed that Ovda and Thetis Regiones are spreading centers. The strong positive correlation between geoid and topography observed in ovda and Thetis is unlike that observed for terrestrial spreading centers. The maximum elevation expected for spreading centers on Venus is 1.5 km, and a cooling plate thermal model predicts a maximum geoid anomaly of 8 m, both much less than observed. Even if a spreading center is operative in Ovda and Thetis, most of the geoid and topography must be due to other mechanisms. Crumplet et al. also proposed the existence of 'cross-strike discontinuities', interpreted as transform fault zones, but the evidence for these structures is not conclusive.
The dedicated interferometer for rapid variability

A project is underway to develop a two-element interferometer for dedicated monitoring of compact radio sources. The primary goal will involve long-term, fully-sampled monitoring of a large population of extragalactic sources to study interstellar scintillation and search for extreme scattering events. The interferometer will make use of two existing 26-metre antennas with an east-west separation of about 400 metres at the Pisgah Astronomical Research Institute, in partnership with the Pisgah Astronomical Research and Science Education Centre, an interinstitutional centre of the University of North Carolina system.
Oral Microbial Communities: Biofilms, Interactions, and Genetic Systems

Oral microbial-plaque communities are biofilms composed of numerous genetically distinct types of bacteria that live in close juxtaposition on host surfaces. These bacteria communicate through physical interactions called coaggregation and coadhesion, as well as other physiological and metabolic interactions. Streptococci and actinomyces are the major initial colonizers of the tooth surface, and the interactions between them and their substrata help establish the early biofilm community. Fusobacteria play a central role as physical bridges that mediate coaggregation of cells and as physiological bridges that promote anaerobic microenvironments which protect coaggregating strict anaerobes in an aerobic atmosphere. New technologies for investigating bacterial populations with 16S rDNA probes have uncovered previously uncultured bacteria and have offered an approach to in situ examination of the spatial arrangement of the participant cells in oral-plaque biofilms. Flow cells with saliva-coated surfaces are particularly useful for studies of biofilm formation and observation. The predicted sequential nature of colonization of the tooth surface by members of different genera can be investigated by using these new technologies and imaging the cells in situ with confocal scanning laser microscopy. Members of at least seven genera now can be subjected to genetic studies owing to the discovery of gene-transfer systems in these genera. Identification of contact-inducible genes in streptococci offers an avenue to explore bacterial responses to their environment and leads the way toward understanding communication among inhabitants of a multispecies biofilm.
California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) movement behavior and habitat use implications for the effectiveness of marine protected areas

The effectiveness of conservation efforts, including marine protected areas (MPAs), hinges on adequate knowledge of movement patterns, habitat associations and habitat-specific survival rates of mobile organisms. California spiny lobsters (Panulirus interruptus) support commercial and recreational fishing in southern California; however, we lack basic information to determine whether MPAs planned for the region will enhance abundance. Working within and outside a small southern California MPA, we (1) quantified the movement patterns and home ranges of the lobster over two time scales, (2) determined lobster day and night habitat associations and (3) determined habitat-specific predation risk. Lobsters exhibited high site fidelity and small home ranges (geometric mean of 651 m2 and 5912 m2 per week, on the basis of 50% and 95% kernel utilisation distributions, respectively). Lobsters were associated with rocky habitat during the day and with the red algae Plocamium cartilagineum while feeding at night. Relative survival rates of lobsters were high across vegetated and unvegetated habitats at night, and were highest in surfgrass (Phyllopsadix torreyi) habitat during the day. Our results highlight the need to consider how movement patterns vary over short and long time scales, and how habitat use may vary from day to night for nocturnally active species such as lobsters, when planning MPAs.
Influence of plasma triglycerides on lipoprotein patterns in normal subjects and in patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract This study examined the correlation of plasma triglyceride levels with concentrations of intermediate, low and high density lipoproteins (IDL, LDL, and HDL, respectively) and to particle sizes of LDL in 93 normal men and 106 men with coronary artery disease. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were in the normal range for all persons in both groups. Analysis of lipoproteins of density f for LDL as well as an indication of heterogeneity of particle sizes in the density range of LDL. In both normal subjects and patients with coronary artery disease, a positive correlation was found between peak S f for LDL and concentrations of plasma triglycerides. Plasma triglyceride levels also were correlated positively with concentrations of S f 20 to 60 lipoproteins and total IDL mass, and inversely with HDL cholesterol levels. Furthermore, the value for peak S f for LDL correlated inversely with the IDL mass concentration and IDLLDL mass ratio, and positively with the HDL cholesterol levels. The results indicate that the lipoprotein pattern, including lipoprotein concentrations and particle sizes, is sensitive to concentrations of plasma triglycerides even when the latter are within the normal range.
Yellow Fever: Epidemiology and Prevention

Yellow fever continues to occur in regions of Africa and South America, despite the availability of effective vaccines. Recently, some cases of severe neurologic disease and multiorgan system disease have been described in individuals who received yellow fever vaccine. These events have focused attention on the need to define criteria for judicious use of yellow fever vaccine and to describe the spectrum of adverse events that may be associated with yellow fever vaccine. Describing host factors that would increase risk of these events and identifying potential treatment modalities for yellow fever and yellow fever vaccine-associated adverse events are subjects of intense investigation.
Mitochondrial fragmentation during germination in Blastocladiella emersonii.

Abstract Mitochondrial morphology, shape changes, and fragmentation were studied in the water mold Blastocladiella emersonii by means of complete serial sections through a number of cells at different stages of development during germination. The various stages can be identified by simple criteria with regard to surface morphology, disposition of flagellar axoneme, presence of nuclear cap, existence of germ tube (see Soll et al., 1969). Models of mitochondria of each cell stage except for the germling were reconstructed from serial thin sections. The results are reported as follows: 1. 1. The zoospore contains a single, cup-shaped mitochondrion. 2. 2. In the round cell I stage, the mitochondrion is still single. 3. 3. Beginnings of mitochondrial branching can be observed in the cell intermediate between round cell I and round cell II. 4. 4. In round cell II, this branching is greatly pronounced and separate mitochondrial fragments can be observed. Changes in mitochondrial morphology are discussed in relation to macromolecular events accompanying these alterations.
Cystic fibrosis and the National Institutes of Health consensus statement: are obstetrician-gynecologists ready to comply?

Abstract Objective: To determine if obstetrician-gynecologists are ready to comply with the April 1997 National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus statement regarding carrier screening for cystic fibrosis. Methods: A multiple-choice questionnaire was mailed to all active North Carolina nonfederal physicians with a primary specialty of obstetrics and gynecology. Ten questions surveyed the participants’ knowledge about cystic fibrosis. Results: Two hundred eighty-six surveys were returned for a response rate of 30.4%. The respondents differed in their knowledge base depending on their specialty, age, and number of years of experience as a physician. The youngest physicians and the least experienced yielded the highest percentage correct. The questions most frequently answered correctly dealt primarily with clinical information about cystic fibrosis, whereas the questions most often answered incorrectly dealt with carrier frequency and testing information. Conclusion: The obstetrics-gynecology community is not yet prepared to comply with the NIH Consensus Statement to offer cystic fibrosis carrier screening to couples preconceptionally or prenatally. Further education is necessary before obstetrician-gynecologists can counsel patients adequately.
Incorporating contextual information in recommender systems using a multidimensional approach

The article presents a multidimensional (MD) approach to recommender systems that can provide recommendations based on additional contextual information besides the typical information on users and items used in most of the current recommender systems. This approach supports multiple dimensions, profiling information, and hierarchical aggregation of recommendations. The article also presents a multidimensional rating estimation method capable of selecting two-dimensional segments of ratings pertinent to the recommendation context and applying standard collaborative filtering or other traditional two-dimensional rating estimation techniques to these segments. A comparison of the multidimensional and two-dimensional rating estimation approaches is made, and the tradeoffs between the two are studied. Moreover, the article introduces a combined rating estimation method, which identifies the situations where the MD approach outperforms the standard two-dimensional approach and uses the MD approach in those situations and the standard two-dimensional approach elsewhere. Finally, the article presents a pilot empirical study of the combined approach, using a multidimensional movie recommender system that was developed for implementing this approach and testing its performance.
Blind Maximum Likelihood Interference Cancellation for LTE-Advanced Systems

In this paper, we address the problem of co-channel interference cancellation and suppression for 3GPP LTE Advanced systems. We propose a blind maximum likelihood (ML) interference suppression receiver relying on direct estimation of the interfering signal parameters, such as transmission scheme, precoding vector, power boosting and modulation. In previous work on ML interference cancellation, that information was assumed to be available at the receiver side. However, the problem of the interfering signal parameter estimation was not addressed. In this paper, we propose a covariance matrix-based estimation algorithm operating directly on the received signal to obtain the desired interference parameters. It is shown by simulation that the accuracy of the proposed estimation scheme is sufficient to facilitate blind operation of the ML receiver in LTE-A networks with performance comparable to the genie-aided ML receiver. This paper first describes the joint ML demodulation scheme for the serving and interfering signals. Then, we discuss how the parameters of the interfering signal can be estimated in LTE-A systems to assist blind ML demodulation. It is finally demonstrated by link level simulation that the proposed blind ML receiver outperforms the conventional linear MMSE-IRC receiver for the investigated cell-edge scenario.
Marination of turkey breast fillets to control the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and improve meat quality in deli loaves

Turkey deli loaves were evaluated using organic marinades in the raw product to control the growth of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and improve meat quality in the cooked product. Treatments included sodium tripolyphosphate (STP; 0.45%, control), sodium lactate (3%), sodium diacetate (0.25%), sodium citrate (0.75%), and sodium lactate (3%)/sodium diacetate (0.25%) combination, all containing 1.5% salt. Data collected in the 2 trials included pH; lightness, redness, and yellowness; bind ability; cooked meat moisture; oxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances); aerobic plate count (d 0 to 80); and sensory evaluation. Also, thirty-two slices from each loaf were inoculated with a 10(3) cfu/ mL surface inoculum streptomycin-resistant LM cocktail and analyzed for LM levels (d 0 to 77). The sodium lactate treatment was lower in pH (5.84) postmarination. Lactate, citrate, and the combination treatments had significantly lower lightness values; lactate, diacetate, and citrate had higher redness values; and lactate had lower yellowness values postmarination compared with premarination. Cook loss, moisture, and bind ability were higher in the STP treatment. Citrate and the combination treatments had lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances on d 3, but there were no differences by d 15. Cohesiveness was significantly higher in the STP, lactate, and diacetate treatments, and turkey flavor was more intense in the combination treatment. The STP loaves had >10(6) cfu/cm(2) aerobic plate count by 14 d, lactate by 20 d, citrate by 40 d, diacetate by 70 d, and lactate/diacetate by 74 d. Sodium diacetate, citrate, and lactate/diacetate all extended the lag phase of LM. Therefore, acidic marinades applied in the raw product do have a negative effect on some cooked product quality attributes but do improve shelf life and decrease LM growth by extending the lag phase through 21 d postmortem.
Evaluation of postprandial hyperemia in superior mesenteric artery and portal vein in healthy and cirrhotic humans: An operator‐blind echo‐Doppler study

In an operator-blind design, we used an echo-Doppler duplex system to examine superior mesenteric artery and portal vein hemodynamics on two consecutive mornings in 12 fasting cirrhotic patients and 12 matched controls, randomized to a standardized 355 kcal mixed-liquid meal vs. water. Cross-sectional area and mean velocity were recorded from the portal vein and superior mesenteric artery at 30 min intervals, from 0 min to 150 min after ingestion. Flows were calculated. Pulsatility index, an index related to vascular resistance, was obtained for the mesenteric artery. Baseline flows did not differ between cirrhotic patients and control patients, but pulsatility index was reduced in the cirrhotic subjects. Maximal postprandial hyperemia was attained at 30 min. Cirrhotic patients showed a blunted hyperemic response to food. In normal controls, portal vein area increased significantly after the meal from 30 min to 150 min, whereas in cirrhotic patients a significant difference occurred only at 30 min. Pulsatility index in both groups was significantly reduced after eating, and this reduction persisted up to 150 min. No changes after ingestion of water were observed. Echo-Doppler was very sensitive in detecting postprandial splanchnic hemodynamic changes and differences between cirrhotic patients and normal subjects. Mesenteric artery pulsatility index was more sensitive than flow in detecting baseline hemodynamic differences. In cirrhotic patients, portal postprandial hyperemia was mainly related to the increase in mean velocity.
Competition between two lasing modes of sulforhodamine 640 in scattering suspension media

Summary form only given. We report on the dependence of the lasing thresholds of two competing modes at 620 nm and 650 nm for sulforhodamine 640 at 2.5/spl times/10/sup -2/ M on density of scattering particles. The spectral measurements of the emission were performed in backscattering arrangement. The sample solutions were pumped by 3-ns 532-nm laser pulses.
The Nogo Receptor Family Restricts Synapse Number in the Developing Hippocampus

Neuronal development is characterized by a period of exuberant synaptic growth that is well studied. However, the mechanisms that restrict this process are less clear. Here we demonstrate that glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell-surface receptors of the Nogo Receptor family (NgR1, NgR2, and NgR3) restrict excitatory synapse formation. Loss of any one of the NgRs results in an increase in synapse number in vitro, whereas loss of all three is necessary for abnormally elevated synaptogenesis in vivo. We show that NgR1 inhibits the formation of new synapses in the postsynaptic neuron by signaling through the coreceptor TROY and RhoA. The NgR family is downregulated by neuronal activity, a response that may limit NgR function and facilitate activity-dependent synapse development. These findings suggest that NgR1, a receptor previously shown to restrict axon growth in the adult, also functions in the dendrite as a barrier that limits excitatory synapse number during brain development.
The Demand Management Process

Demand management is the supply chain management process that balances the customers' requirements with the capabilities of the supply chain. With the right process in place, management can match supply with demand proactively and execute the plan with minimal disruptions. The process is not limited to forecasting. It includes synchronizing supply and demand, increasing flexibility, and reducing variability. In this paper, we describe the demand management process in detail to show how it can be implemented within a company and managed across firms in the supply chain. We examine the activities of each sub‐process; evaluate the interfaces with corporate functions, processes and firms; and provide examples of successful implementation.
On the Hipparcos photometry of chemically peculiar B, A, and F stars ?

The Hipparcos photometry of the Chemically Peculiar main sequence B, A, and F stars is examined for variability. Some non-magnetic CP stars, Mercury- Manganese and metallic-line stars, which according to canonical wisdom should not be variable, may be vari- able and are identied for further study. Some potentially important magnetic CP stars are noted.
Using a Simulated Site to Teach Data Analysis in Archaeology

The author describes a hands-on laboratory to use with simulated (teaching) archaeology sites. Students play the role of professional archaeologists in analyzing artifacts and ecofacts and in writing a “site report” based on their excavation and analysis.
Predictors of fatigue severity in early systemic sclerosis: A prospective longitudinal study of the GENISOS cohort

Objectives: Longitudinal studies examining the baseline predictors of fatigue in SSc have not been reported. Our objectives were to examine the course of fatigue severity over time and to identify baseline clinical, demographic, and psychosocial predictors of sequentially obtained fatigue scores in early SSc. We also examined baseline predictors of change in fatigue severity over time. Methods: We analyzed 1090 longitudinal Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) scores belonging to 256 patients who were enrolled in the Genetics versus Environment in Scleroderma Outcomes Study (GENISOS). Predictive significance of baseline variables for sequentially obtained FSS scores was examined with generalized linear mixed models. Predictors of change in FSS over time were examined by adding an interaction term between the baseline variable and time-in-study to the model. Results: The patients’ mean age was 48.6 years, 47% were Caucasians, and 59% had diffuse cutaneous involvement. The mean disease duration at enrollment was 2.5 years. The FSS was obtained at enrollment and follow-up visits (mean followup time=3.8 years). Average baseline FSS score was 4.7(60.96). The FSS was relatively stable and did not show a consistent trend for change over time (p=0.221). In a multivariable model of objective clinical variables, higher Medsger Gastrointestinal (p=0.006) and Joint (p=0.024) Severity Indices, and anti-U1-RNP antibodies (p=0.024) were independent predictors of higher FSS. In the final model, ineffective coping skills captured by higher Illness Behavior Questionnaire scores (p,0.001), higher self-reported pain (p=0.006), and higher Medsger Gastrointestinal Severity Index (p=0.009) at enrollment were independent predictors of higher longitudinal FSS scores. Baseline DLco % predicted was the only independent variable that significantly predicted a change in FSS scores over time (p=0.013), with lower DLco levels predicting an increase in FSS over time. Conclusions: This study identified potentially modifiable clinical and psychological factors that predict longitudinal fatigue severity in early SSc.
Conceptions of adulthood among migrant women workers in China

The experiences of emerging adulthood may vary in different historical and cultural contexts. Little research has been dedicated to how non college students view adulthood in developing countries. Currently, millions of young people are migrating from rural villages to industrial cities in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate conceptions of adulthood among Chinese migrant women workers, using mixed methods. One hundred and nineteen women workers (aged 18–29 years) from a factory in Guangdong, China, completed a questionnaire of markers for adulthood. Then, 15 of them were interviewed regarding their understanding of the transition to adulthood. The results showed that the majority of the young Chinese migrant women workers believed they had reached adulthood in some ways but not others. Married women and women with children were more likely to perceive themselves as adults, even controlling for age. Learn to care for parents, settled into a long-term career and become capable of caring for ...
Linear power amplifier architectures and its packaging technologies for new generation smart phone applications

The design highlight of a power amplifier (PA) for 3G and beyond handset applications is to maximize its power-added efficiency (PAE) with specified linearity requirement at both peak and back-off power levels. In addition to PAE, its cost and size are of very important design considerations among others. The design principle of a linear PA with good PAE is summarized. An overview of different GaAs HBT handset linear PA architectures is presented. Pros and Cons of a single-ended PA and a balanced PA are discussed. The packaging technologies to realize low cost, small size and good performance for PA modules are illustrated. A tri-power mode PA module packaged in 3mm × 3mm × 1mm size is developed using Skyworks super efficiency at low power (SEAL) PA engine and advanced packaging technologies.
SPHINGOSINE- AND CERAMIDE-ANALOG TOXINS—AN UPDATE

The first sphingosine-analog toxin was isolated in 1978 by Carter and Rinehart, who recognized both the analogy to sphingosine and its potential as a mechanism of action. However, interest in the field has expanded greatly since the recognition by Riley and associates that fumonisins, putative environmental tumor promoters that contaminate the food supply of hundreds of millions of people worldwide, are also sphingosine analogs. Sphingosine is a component of sphingolipids, some of which play structural roles (e.g., sphingomyelin), while others (sphingosine, ceramide and glycosphingolipids) appear to play important roles in cellular regulation. Sphingolipid analogs may act by altering normal sphingolipid metabolism, or by interacting as agonists or antagonists with sphingolipid-binding sites in regulatory processes. In the discussion that follows sphingosine analogs are classified as (i) simple sphingosine analogs isolated primarily from marine lower animals and characterized by either primary amines on li...
Ban on Thimerosal in Draft Treaty on Mercury: Why the AAP's Position in 2012 Is So Important

* Abbreviations: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics FDA — : Food and Drug Administration TCV — : thimerosal-containing vaccine USPHS — : US Public Health Service A draft treaty under consideration by the United Nations Environmental Program has been prepared to greatly reduce global health hazards from environmental mercury.1 In response to the draft treaty, the World Health Organization urges removal of a provision in the treaty that calls for a ban on thimerosal (which contains ethyl mercury) in vaccines, a position recently endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the US Public Health Service (USPHS). Removal of the ban on thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) represents a significant reversal of the position expressed in an AAP/USPHS joint statement in 1999 that called for elimination of mercury in vaccines and the subsequent actions taken in the United States.2 Understanding the circumstances that led 14 years ago to the 1999 statement and the knowledge accumulated in these subsequent years can reinforce the importance of the 2012 AAP/USPHS position. AAP representatives and other members of national pediatric societies within the International Pediatric Association advocating for deletion of the provision banning TCVs need to know why the elimination of thimerosal was initially called for in 1999 but is no longer indicated. This commentary … Correspondence to Louis Z. Cooper, MD, 80 Central Park W, Apt 11F, New York, NY 10023. E-mail: lzcooper{at}verizon.net
Clinical Significance of Distinguishing Between Follicular Lesion and Follicular Neoplasm in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Subclassifying indeterminate thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy findings as follicular lesion or follicular neoplasm has been suggested as useful in triaging patients to observation or surgery, respectively. However, terminology and therefore the probability of malignancy vary between pathologists and institutions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a single institution’s experience with indeterminate thyroid FNA results to determine if subclassification (neoplasm versus lesion) aids in identifying patients at higher risk for malignancy. From 1990 to 2006, all patients with indeterminate thyroid FNA results (follicular lesion or neoplasm) at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center were evaluated for FNA correlation with the surgical specimen diagnosis. Patients with FNAs suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma or with definitive malignant disease (i.e., metastases) were excluded. Indeterminate FNA results were present in 540 patients, including 410 as follicular lesion and 130 as follicular neoplasm. Two hundred ninety-seven (55.0%) patients underwent surgical resection: 199 (48.5%) follicular lesions and 98 (75.4%) follicular neoplasms. Incidence of malignancy was higher in thyroid nodules classified as neoplasm compared with lesion (21.4% versus 7.0%, respectively; P = 0.0005) and increased in follicular neoplasms with nodule size (37.5% malignant if nodule was >4 cm, P = 0.03). Subclassification of indeterminate thyroid FNA biopsy results into neoplasm and lesion successfully defines high- and low-risk nodules, respectively. These findings support surgical resection for follicular neoplasms, selective use of surgical intervention for follicular lesions at our institution, and continued efforts to define unified terminology between institutions.
Cultivation as an Estimate for Infectivity of Larval Anisakis simplex from Processed Herring.

In vitro cultivation was used to estimate viability and potential infectivity of anisakine nematodes in edible fish. Salted and spiced Baltic herring were examined by dissection for the presence of larval Anisakis simplex . Stage-3 larvae, dissected from herring, were incubated for 4 d at 37°C in a medium containing liver extract and fresh bovine blood to enable dormant larvae to display spontaneous motion. In some instances movement became apparent only on days 2 or 3 in vitro. Larvae able to develop in vitro through one molt in these cultures were considered to have greater potential for causing disease in consumers than those that moved but did not molt. Mortality of larvae in fish increased as fish brining increased from week 1 to week 4, when it reached 100%. Salt concentration in the fish flesh also increased with time: 1 week, 5.6-8.2%; 2 weeks, 9.6-12.9%, 3 weeks, 11.6-14.0%; 4 weeks, 12.2-14.6%.
La armonización territorial: su incorporación en la planificación y gestión administrativa mediante la gestión del riesgo

Throughout the article several elements which can set the impact of public policies in territory decision making emerge. Especially the use of three instruments of territorial planning and management as the Development Plan (Plan de Desarrollo, PD), the Land Use Plan (Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial, POT) and the Plans for Comprehensive Watershed Management (Planes de Manejo Integral de Cuencas Hidrograficas, Pomca), structured through the Units of Planning and Land Management (Unidades de Planificacion y de Gestion Territorial, UPGT). These allow the development of programs and projects in a territory associated in municipalities and departments in order to invest and locate infrastructures that reduce vulnerability and threat in areas that have been subject to landslides and floods and taken over by the National Government through the Law 1523 of 2012 on Risk Management and supplemented by other regulations that strengthen the environmental, social, economic and administrative dimension that contribute to a more comprehensive land use. The participation of public and private actors and sectors as well as of civil society is coordinated with the implementation of the Committees for Territorial Integration (Comites de Integracion Territorial, CIT), which connect the administrative processes around risk and associated natural disasters, in many cases, with human activities.
Analyzed Surface Meteorological Fields over the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico for 1992-94: Mean, Seasonal, and Monthly Patterns

Abstract The primary objective of this work is to formulate surface meteorological fields over the northwestern Gulf of Mexico for the period from April 1992 through November 1994 useful for the study of mesoscale processes and for model forcing of the near-coastal circulation. Observations were adjusted to standard heights, and a method of statistical interpolation was applied to time series of in situ observations to produce the required surface fields. Resulting monthly and seasonal mean fields show two principal patterns over the Texas-Louisiana shelf region—for summer and nonsummer. From June through August, surface winds are relatively constant, with alongshore wind components generally directed upcoast (from Mexico toward the Mississippi Delta). In other (nonsummer) months, surface winds are much more variable with alongshore wind components generally directed downcoast. The relatively large interannual variability is illustrated. Using these meteorological fields together with rather complete ocea...
Analytical study of heat transfer to liquid metals in cross-flow through rod bundles

Abstract Improved theoretical expressions for Nusselt numbers are obtained for cross flow of liquid metals through rod bundles, by applying inviscid flow analysis [4, 5]. The theoretical derivations are based upon the assumption that, for a rod located in the interior of a bundle, the circumferential variations of both the tube-wall temperature and the hydrodynamic potential can be expressed by cosine-type distributions. The former assumption is deduced from the experimental observations of Hoe et al. [6], under conditions where the heat flux was apparently close to uniform, and the latter is postulated on the basis of theoretical considerations. With these assumptions, the following expression for the Nusselt number, similar to that of Cess and Grosh [5], becomes Nu t = 0.958 ( φ 1 D ) 1 2 (Pe) 1 2 v max ( V V max ) 1 2 . The above expression predicts Nusselt numbers which agree well with experimental results previously obtained at the Brookhaven National Laboratory [6, 9]. A theoretical method of determining values of the parameter, φ 1 D , the normalized hydrodynamic potential drop, is also presented. The results agree well with those obtained experimentally by Cess and Grosh [5]. An analytical expression for φ 1 D is obtained by using mathematical functions originally developed by Howland and McMullen [7]. The theoretical values of φ 1 D , for flow across two typical tube-bank geometries, i.e. square spacing and triangular equilateral spacing, were obtained with the aid of a high-speed digital computer. The numerical results are presented in tabular form.
Shubnikov-de Haas Oscillations in n-Type GaAs

Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in $n$-type GaAs are reported for four samples with carrier concentrations between 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{16}$ and 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{17}$/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. Temperatures employed ranged from 1.3 to 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, while magnetic fields were 34 kG and below. Scattering times were such that $0.1l{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}\ensuremath{\tau}l0.9$ for all measurements. Carrier concentrations derived from the oscillations agreed with Hall determinations to better than 10%. Only the fundamental oscillation in ${B}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ was observed, the phase angle being $\frac{1}{4}\ensuremath{\pi}$ within a considerable uncertainty forced by the extrapolation to ${B}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=0$. Amplitude variation with temperature and field for the two samples with carrier concentration greater than ${10}^{17}$/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ was adequate to permit calculation of effective mass (0.058\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006) and Dingle temperature (\ensuremath{\sim}12\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K). The magnitude of the amplitude agreed with theory to within a factor of 7.
The Survey Results

In this chapter I establish the methodology used in the study as well as provide results from the survey so as to set the stage for the analysis and foundation for building that comes in the subsequent chapters. I briefly discuss each result and how I use that data to determine how we should understand, promote, and create post-show discussions in new play development. One data point that I focus on is the question about satisfaction with post-show discussions, as the results are surprising, until looked at in context.
Application and Evaluation of MODIS LAI, FPAR, and Albedo Products in the WRF/CMAQ System

MODIS vegetation and albedo products provide a more realistic representation of surface conditions for input to the WRF/CMAQ modeling system. However, the initial evaluation of ingesting MODIS data into the system showed mixed results, with increased bias and error for 2-m temperature and reduced bias and error for 2-m mixing ratio. Recently, the WRF/CMAQ land surface and boundary layer processes have been updated. In this study, MODIS vegetation and albedo data are input to the updated WRF/CMAQ meteorology and air quality simulations for 2006 over a North American (NA) 12-km domain. The evaluation of the simulation results shows that the updated WRF/CMAQ system improves 2-m temperature estimates over the pre-update base modeling system estimates. The MODIS vegetation input produces a realistic spring green-up that progresses through time from the south to north. Overall, MODIS input reduces 2-m mixing ratio bias during the growing season. The NA west shows larger positive O3 bias during the growing season because of reduced gas phase deposition resulting from lower O3 deposition velocities driven by reduced vegetation cover. The O3 bias increase associated with the realistic vegetation representation indicates that further improvement may be needed in the WRF/CMAQ system.
Straight-acting: gay pornography, heterosexuality, and hegemonic masculinity

ABSTRACTThis article explores how the gay adult film industry may contribute to conceptualizations of masculinity and sexuality. Content analysis of a popular gay adult film company’s website, which features ‘str8’ films, provides an exemplary case through which I explore the construction of heterosexuality within the context of same-sex acts, and the relative desire and eroticization of heterosexuality. Findings indicate that straight performers’ profiles contain significantly more masculine markers, while profiles of gay performers are depicted as more feminine and subordinate. Further, data indicate a correlation between masculinity and consumer rating, and through the co-constitution of heterosexuality and masculinity may legitimate hierarchical gender relations.