cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphologically distinct subpopulations of neurotensin-immunoreactive striatal neurons observed in rat following dopamine depletions and D2 receptor blockade project to the globus pallidus

It has been reported in previous studies that perikaryal neurotensin immunoreactivity is largely absent in the rat striatum except following striatal dopamine depletion or blockade of dopamine D2 receptors, after which, however, neurotensin immunoreactivity is elicited in at least two distinct subpopulations of striatal neurons [Zahm D.S. (1992) Neuroscience 46, 335-350]. One subpopulation of such cells (type I), prominent following D2 receptor blockade, is located mainly in the matrix compartment in the rostral, dorsomedial and ventrolateral parts of the striatum, and comprises neurons at the large end of the medium-sized spectrum that exhibit intense neurotensin immunoreactivity in perikarya and proximal dendrites, but rarely display Fos immunoreactivity [Senger B. et al. (1993) Neuroscience 57, 649-660]. A second subpopulation (type II) resides predominantly in the patch (striosome) and matrix compartments in the dorsolateral quadrant of the striatum, and is prominent following administration of reserpine. These neurons are at the small end of the medium size range and exhibit very light neurotensin immunoreactivity, with little staining of dendrites. Fos immunoreactivity is frequently co-localized in striatal neurons that exhibit a type II striatal neurotensin response [Brog J.S. and Zahm D.S. (1995) Neuroscience 65, 71-86]. In the current study, neurotensin immunoreactivity was elicited in striatal neurons by ventral mesencephalic 6-hydroxydopamine lesions or administration of reserpine or haloperidol. Irrespective of which drug was given, retrogradely transported Fluoro-Gold was prominently co-localized with neurotensin-like immunofluorescence in the perikarya of striatal neurons following injections of the retrograde tracer into the globus pallidus. Few double-labeled neurons were observed following administration of any of these drugs and injections of Fluoro-Gold into the substantia nigra. It is concluded that two subpopulations of neurotensin-immunoreactive striatal neurons project predominantly to the globus pallidus and minimally to the substantia nigra.
Ab initio studies of the structure and thermochemistry of FO radicals

Abstract Ab initio studies have been performed with split-valence plus diffuse and polarization basis sets extended by Moller-Plesset theory up to fourth order (including single, double, triple, and quadruple excitation) and spin annihilation on the structure and thermochemistry of the FO radical. Of particular interest, the heat of formation for the FO radical has been calculated as 27.8±1 kcal mol −1 using an isodesmic reaction scheme, which is in excellent agreement with experimental values.
The relations of coping and family environment to preschoolers' problem behavior

Abstract This study examined preschoolers' self-reported coping strategies in response to several stressor contexts, the relations of coping and family environment to children's problem behavior, and the extent to which coping moderates the relation between family environment and preschoolers' psychological adjustment. Fifty-eight preschool children and their caregivers participated in this project. Caregivers completed measures of family environment and child behavioral problems. Children's cognitive development, behavioral maturity, and coping strategies were assessed at their daycare center. Children's responses to vignettes describing mastery, parent–child, peer, and separation stressor situations were coded. Age effects in coping were found. Problem approach coping, total coping efforts, and family expressiveness and cohesion were negatively related to children's problem behavior, whereas children's no-coping responses were positively related to problem behaviors. Results showed that coping responses did not vary substantially across stressor contexts. Regressions revealed some support for coping as a moderator of the relation between family conflict and children's externalizing problems, and cohesion and internalizing problem behaviors. The findings suggest that children's coping, and family expressiveness and cohesion serve a protective function.
Systems Theory and Information Resources Management: Integrating Key Concepts

Since the introduction of the computer as a business tool some forty years ago, its role in the firm has become increasingly complex. In the middle of this evolving complexity is the person who has the greatest responsibility for computer use in the firm-the chief information officer, or CIO. The 1980s saw an ascension in the CIO's status within the firm, reaching a position of parity with vice presidents of other functional areas. The 1990s, however, are seeing indications that the CIO's responsibility is eroding. Firms are beginning to pursue strategies that disburse more and more of their information resources throughout the organizational units, and give information processing responsibilities to outsourcers. If firms are to engage in strategic planning for their information resources and engage in information resources management, there must be a clear understanding of the forces that influence computer use and the role of the CIO in managing these forces. As a means of achieving such an understanding, the author explores the possible application of systems theory. The result is a normative structure that makes it possible to evaluate the extent to which a firm practices information resources management, and to project future trends in the role of such component elements as the CIO and the information systems unit
The effects of financial and administrative decentralization of public mental health services in california: Preliminary findings (summary)

This preliminary report illustrates the social and financial benefits of decentralization of public mental health services. Increased local financial risk and flexibility have resulted in greater use of less costly local outpattent mental health services, which are less restrictive and empirically more therapeutic.
Myxoid solitary fibrous tumour: instructive case and literature review

Abstract Myxoid solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm, which was initially described by de Saint Aubain Somerhausen et al in 1999. Myxoid SFT is an SFT with myxoid change in 50% or more of the tumour. We report the case of a 50-year-old man with a myxoid SFT found in the right pelvis. Microscopically, the lesion was composed of spindle cells arranged in a haphazard and storiform pattern, individually separated by delicate band of collagen fibres, in a cellular and hypocellular myxoid background with hemangiopericytomatous vessels. Atypical features (necrosis, hypercellularity or increased mitotic figures) were absent. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated tumour cells that were highlighted by CD34, CD99, and BCL2. The lesion was resected and to date, there is no evidence of tumour recurrence or metastasis. Myxoid SFT like classical SFT may be associated with an indolent clinical course and favourable prognosis. Its recognition is crucial because of its morphological similarities to myxoid spindle cell neoplasms that have different prognoses and treatment options.
A portable exploratorium: hands-on learning on the iPad

The Exploratorium debuted its first iPad app, Color Uncovered, in 2011, followed in February 2013 by Sound Uncovered. Both apps were developed by in-house teams and are available for free in the iTunes App Store.
FT-EPR Study of the Wavelength Dependence of the Photochemistry of Phenols

The excitation wavelength dependence of the photochemistry of phenol, p-cresol, and tyrosine in neutral and acidic aqueous solution was examined using Fourier Transform Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (FT-EPR). Photoexcitation gives rise to formation of phenoxyl, p-cresyl, or tyrosyl radicals (PhO . ), hydrated electrons (e - a q ), and hydrogen atoms (H . ). From Chemically Induced Dynamic Electron Polarization (CIDEP) effects and the effect of addition of N 2 O on the spectra it can be deduced that the mechanism of hydrogen atom formation depends on the wavelength of excitation. Excitation into the S 2 absorption band (λ e x = 193 nm) gives rise to H-atom formation by O-H bond homolysis and by c a q capture by protons. The electron capture reaction produces a net absorption signal contribution in the FT-EPR spectrum of H . due to transfer of spin polarization from e - a q . This demonstrates that the reaction occurs with H + in the bulk of the solution. The spectrum of H . produced by excitation into the S 1 band (λ e x = 266 nm) can be completely quenched by addition of N 2 O. In this case H-atom formation is due entirely to the reaction of e - a q with H + . The excitation energy apparently is insufficient to cause O-H bond cleavage. The spectra show no evidence of an in-cage H-atom formation mechanism such as 1 PhOH * → [PhOH + ...e - a q ] → [PhO . ...H . ] → PhO . + H . . Excitation to S 1 also leads to triplet-state formation. FT-EPR spectra show that triplet-state phenol (p-cresol) reacts with ground-state phenol (p-cresol) to give a cyclohexadienyl-type radical and PhO . .
Comparative phagocytic and pinocytic activities of leucocytes from peripheral blood and lymphomyeloid tissues of the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratumBonaterre) and the clearnose skate (Raja eglanteriaBosc)

Abstract Cells isolated from lymphomyeloid tissues and peripheral blood from two species of elasmobranch, the nurse shark ( Ginglymostoma cirratum Bonaterre) and the clearnose skate ( Raja eglanteria Bosc) were assayed for in vitro phagocytic and pinocytic activities at various times during 24 h in culture. The purpose of this research was to begin to characterise functional activities of cells isolated from unique lymphomyeloid tissues found in elasmobranchs. Phagocytosis was evaluated by assessing relative abilities of immune cells to ingest Congo Red stained yeast, and included determination of percentage of active cells and numbers of yeast per cell. Pinocytosis was assayed by spectrophotometric measurement of neutral red dye accumulation by immune cells. Phagocytic activity was greatest in cells isolated from shark epigonal and skate epigonal and Leydig organs, with over 60% of skate Leydig cells containing yeast after 24 h in culture. Phagocytic activity was 2·5–6 times lower in cells from peripheral circulation or spleen. Pinocytosis was 1·5–3-fold greater in cells isolated from Leydig and epigonal organs compared to peripheral blood leucocytes or splenocytes. Documentation of phagocytic and pinocytic activities by cells isolated from epigonal and Leydig organs suggests significant immune functional roles for these unique tissues in the elasmobranch immune system.
Long-term purity assessment in succinonitrile

Abstract Container materials for crystal growth chambers must be carefully selected in order to prevent sample contamination. To address the issue of contamination, high purity SCN was exposed to a variety of potential chamber construction materials, e.g., metal alloys, soldering materials, and sealants, at a temperature approximately 25 K above the melting point of SCN (58°C), over periods of up to one year. Acceptability, or lack thereof, of candidate chamber materials was determined by performing periodic melting point checks of the exposed samples. Those materials which did not measurably affect the melting point of SCN over a one-year period were considered to be chemically compatible and therefore eligible for use in constructing the flight chamber. A growth chamber constructed from compatible materials (304 SS and borosilicate glass) was filled with pure SCN. A thermistor probe placed within the chamber permitted in situ measurement of the melting point and, indirectly, of the purity of the SCN. Melting point plateaus were then determined, to assess the actual chamber performance.
Structural Investigation of 4-[(4-Amino-5-pyrimidinyl)imino]-2-penten-2-ol

AS part of a continuing programme of synthesis of condensed pyrimidine ring systems as potential antimetabolites and antitumour agents, the preparation of the hitherto unreported 1,5-pyrimido[4,5-b]-diazepine ring system (I) was undertaken in these laboratories1. This ring system is analogous to the 1,5-benzodiazepines extensively examined by a number of investigators2–8. The preparation of the pyrimidodiazepines (I) was attempted by condensation of 4,5-diaminopyrimidine derivatives with β-diketones, as in the synthesis of the corresponding 1,5-benzodiazepines
Binding of integration host factor (IHF) to the ilvGp1 promoter of the ilvGMEDA operon of Escherichia coli K12.

Abstract Crude extracts of Escherichia coli K-12 were found to bind DNA restriction fragments containing ilvGp1. Our analysis using a series of restriction fragments and a BamHI linker mutation indicate that a factor binds to ilvGp1 or adjacent to it. Analysis with mutant strains of E. coli K-12 and purified IHF indicate that IHF binds to ilvGp1. Furthermore, both analysis in vivo and in vitro indicate that IHF precludes transcription from ilvGp1.
Gauge choice in Witten's energy expression

Witten's equation $$\not D\psi = 0$$ can be interpreted as a gauge fixing condition for classical supergravity. We rigorously prove the existence of asymptotically constant solutions of the more general gauge condition $$\not D\psi = A\psi$$ for almost all endomorphismsA of the spin bundle. Each gives an expression for the gravitational energy similar to Witten's. These include the choice $$A = \sqrt R$$ , which yields the particularly elegant energy expression first noticed by Deser.
Hydronium (cycloheptylammonio)methylene-1,1-bisphosphonate (hydronium incadronate).

The structure of the title compound, H(3)O(+).C(8)H(18)NO(6)P(2)(-), adopts a zwitterionic form containing an alkylammonium group, a hydronium ion, and two negatively charged phosphonate groups. The cycloheptyl side chain adopts a twist-chair conformation. The crystal packing is dominated by an extensive hydrogen-bonding network.
Modeling the transport of nanoparticle-filled binary fluids through micropores.

Understanding the transport of multicomponent fluids through porous medium is of great importance for a number of technological applications, ranging from ink jet printing and the production of tex...
Localized states in a d-wave superconductor.

Impurity scatterers, particularly in the unitary limit, produce low energy quasiparticles in a two-dimensional d-wave superconductor. We argue that even if the impurity concentration is small so that the wave functions in the normal state are essentially extended, the quasiparticles in the superconducting state become strongly localized for a short coherence length d-wave superconductor. An effective mobility gap then leads to thermally activated behavior for the microwave conductivity and possibly for the London penetration depth. We argue that this observation allows some puzzling data on oxide superconductors to be reconciled with the hypothesis of d-wave pairing.
Comparison of outcomes of group O vs non-group O premature neonates receiving group O RBC transfusions.

Objectives At some institutions all infants requiring RBC transfusions in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) receive only group O RBCs. Although transfused group O plasma is minimized in packed RBCs, small amounts of residual anti-A, anti-B, and anti-A,B in group O packed RBCs may bind to the corresponding A and B antigens of non–group O RBCs, possibly hemolyzing their native RBCs and thereby releasing free hemoglobin, theoretically resulting in hypercoagulability and promoting bacterial growth from free iron. Methods Premature infants in the University of Kentucky Children’s Hospital NICU database who were transfused (all received group O transfusions) were compared for a number of severity markers to determine if non–group O patients had worse outcomes than group O patients. Results In this NICU sample, 724 neonates received at least 1 blood component. No significant differences were found between group O and non–group O infants with regard to final disposition or complications. Conclusions This reassuring finding validates the longstanding neonatal transfusion practice of using group O packed RBCs for infants of all blood groups in the NICU. However, a recent study shows increased mortality from necrotizing enterocolitis in group AB neonates at a facility transfusing only group O RBCs to neonates of all blood groups and suggests a change in neonatal transfusion practice to ABO group–specific RBCs; therefore more studies may be warranted.
Discrete-Time Tip Position Control of a Flexible One Arm Robot

A predictive adaptive control algorithm is developed for tip position control based on the zero-order-hold equivalence of the nondimensionalized dynamic model of a flexible robot arm. A lattice filter is utilised for the purpose of parameter identification. The proposed control scheme provides an optimal output feedback control and, together with the lattice filter parameter identifier, it forms a special self-tuning regulator. It is then compared with other methods, such as linear quadratic Gaussian and stable factorisation. A stability criterion for this control algorithm is also presented
Nonspecific Pleuritis: Optimal Duration of Follow-Up

Background Nonspecific pleuritis (NSP) is a frequent diagnosis after parietal pleural biopsy, but the clinical significance of this finding and need for further follow-up have not been firmly established. Previous reports suggest that 5% to 25% of patients with NSP are subsequently diagnosed with pleural malignancy. Methods Our pathology database was queried for patients with histologic evidence of NSP from January 01, 2001, to December 31, 2012 (n = 413). Patients with less than 1 year of follow-up after biopsy, diagnosis of empyema, tuberculous pleuritis, active systemic connective tissue disease or vasculitis, or active malignancy were excluded (n = 327). The remaining patients were included and their medical records were reviewed. Results Eighty-six patients were included. Mean follow up was 1,824 ± 1,032 days (range, 409 to 4,599 days). Three of the 86 patients with NSP (3.5%) were subsequently diagnosed with pleural malignancy. All 3 patients were found to have mesothelioma with a mean time from biopsies to diagnosis of 205 ± 126 days (range, 64 to 306 days). Twenty-two of 86 patients (25.5%) had a possible identifiable cause of pleural inflammation (benign disease). After exclusion of these 22 patients, the incidence of malignancy was 3 of 64 (4.7%). Conclusions The incidence of subsequent pleural malignancy (mesothelioma) among patients found to have NSP based on pleural biopsy was 3.5%. Occult mesothelioma in patients with NSP will most likely be diagnosed within 1 year of the initial pleural biopsy; therefore, these patients should be followed for a minimum of 1 year to allow for timely detection of occult pleural malignancy.
Synthesis, structural characterization and spectroscopic properties of cobalt complexes with the 2,6-bis(8′-quinolinyl)pyridine ligand

Abstract Coordination of the 2,6-bis(8′-quinolinyl)pyridine (bqp) ligand to a cobalt (Co) core and its influence to electron spin and configuration on the structures and properties of the resulting complexes has been investigated. The homoleptic complexes Co(mer-bqp-κ3N,N′,N″)]2+ (1) and [Co(mer-bqp-κ3N,N′,N″)]3+ (2) were prepared and characterized. X-ray structure determinations of complexes 1 and 2 revealed twisted, near-octahedral arrangements relative to the cobalt center. The magnetic data for 1 is typical of those for distorted octahedral (i.e., D4h symmetry) high-spin d7 species despite the near-ideal octahedral coordination of the bqp ligand around the Co(II) core. Electronic spectra for 1 and 2 have been investigated and assigned. Both complexes exhibit intense π–π∗ bqp ligand centered transitions in the UV region and low intensity mixed charge transfer transitions in the visible region. Neither complex strongly absorbs in visible spectral region. The electrochemistry of these compounds has been studied and compared to that of similar cobalt terpyridine compounds. A metal-centered Co2+/3+ redox wave and ligand-based reduction processes were observed for 1 and 2 in acetonitrile. The metal-centered redox potentials were reversible with potentials more positive than comparable cobalt-terpyridine complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the electronic and ground state properties are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Ambient ozone concentration and hospital admissions due to childhood respiratory diseases in New York State, 1991–2001

Abstract Background and objective Respiratory diseases constitute one of the leading causes of ill health among children in New York State (NYS). The current project, a component of the NYS Environmental Public Health Tracking Program, investigated a potential association between ambient ozone (O3) concentration and childhood respiratory hospital admissions over 11 years in NYS. Methods We used a two-stage Bayesian hierarchical model to assess the exposure–disease associations within 11 geographic regions and statewide. The data included total daily hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases for children 0–17 years old from 1991 to 2001 in NYS (N=134,099) and daily ambient O3 level with different single-day lags. These analyses adjusted for particulate matter ⩽10 μm in size (PM10), meteorological conditions, day of the week, seasonality, long-term trends, and demographic characteristics. Results In 5 of the 11 regions, including the Upper and Lower Adirondacks, Upper Hudson Valley, Staten Island, and New York City, positive associations were found between respiratory hospital admissions and ambient O3 level 2 days prior to the admission. Applying different statistical methods and sensitivity analysis of PM10 did not alter these findings. When region-specific results were combined, no statewide association was apparent. Conclusions Geographic differences were found in the associations between O3 levels and respiratory hospital admissions among children. In addition, we found that the two-stage model may be an appropriate approach for tracking the health effects of air pollution over time in different geographic areas when heterogeneity of risk factors across regions is present.
A Portable High-Resolution Polar Nephelometer for Measurement of the Angular Scattering Properties of Atmospheric Aerosol: Design and Validation

The light-scattering properties of atmospheric aerosol particles are important for understanding their effects on Earth's climate, remote sensing studies of particulate matter, and visibility studies. However, aerosol optical properties are relatively poorly understood and have been identified as one of the largest uncertainties in our understanding of anthropogenic effects on climate. Direct in situ and laboratory studies of aerosol light-scattering may help reduce these uncertainties and improve remote sensing studies. A field-deployable, high angular resolution polar nephelometer has been developed for the measurement of the scattering properties of aerosol particles. The instrument utilizes an elliptical mirror, laser, and charge-coupled device camera to measure the aerosol angular scattering intensity (phase function) and degree of linear polarization (polarization ratio) across an angle range of 20°–155° at a resolution as high as 0.31°–0.59° per pixel. The instrument design was validated by laborat...
The relationships of peer norms, ethnic identity, and peer support to school engagement in urban youth.

Investigating variables associated with the school success and educational resilience of urban youth of color should be a high priority because of the persistent achievement gap in the United States. The current study examined individual and peer factors' relation to the school engagement of 132 seventh- and eighthgrade students from a diverse public elementary school in a large Midwestern city. The participants ranged in age from 12 to 15 years old. In this study, positive peer norms, peer support, and positive ethnic identification were hypothesized to intervene in the relationship between negative peer norms and low school engagement. The findings suggest that both positive peer norms and positive ethnic identity may serve as significant protective factors for urban youth of color.
Principles of solid mechanics

Evolving from more than 30 years of research and teaching experience, Principles of Solid Mechanics offers an in-depth treatment of the application of the full-range theory of deformable solids for analysis and design. Unlike other texts, it is not either a civil or mechanical engineering text, but both. It treats not only analysis but incorporates
When Fast-Held God Images Fail to Meet Our Needs: A Psychoanalytic Reading of Job Chapters 6 and 7

This article will analyze the biblical book of Job as a model by which clinicians, professors, and ministers today may tease out the idealized projection of perfection that pervades our practices, classrooms, and churches. The book of Job provides a model for how one begins to work toward integration and wholeness by living through the reality of trauma with one another. By excavating the fast-held god image formulated within the Deuteronomistic theology underlying the book of Job, and Job’s not-so-subtle aggression in response, I will show how his story re-evaluates and re-imagines entrenched god images that oppress and divide in times of crisis. Such re-imagining enables Job’s ego maturation as he challenges the communal dogma constructed during postexilic Israel that perpetuated isolation and inward regression. Using W. R. D Fairbairn and D. W. Winnicott, two post-Freudian object relations psychoanalysts, I will analyze what lies behind the schizoid psyche in relation to the story of Job. I will show how Job’s aggression and anger, questioning the deeply held beliefs of self, God, and other held in postexilic Israel, provide academics and faith communities alike a new way to imagine healing.
With urine-based screening, do sexually active adolescent girls still need annual pelvic examinations? No: recommending annual exams is not evidence based.

Two of every 3 adolescent girls in the United States have had sexual intercourse by age 19, and most use condoms inconsistently, placing themselves at risk of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. Rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea are 6 times greater in this age group than the national average. Most of these infections are asymptomatic, making screening an essential technique for infection control. Human papillomavirus infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection in this population and has been linked to an increased risk for the development of carcinoma of the cervix.
Why ion pair reversal by protein engineering is unlikely to succeed

Genetic engineering is a powerful tool for exploring correlations between structure and function in proteins, but as yet we are unable to use it for effective protein design. One of the most interesting examples, which would seem to be obvious, is reversing the polarity of an ion pair. Changing a positively charged protein group, that provides a strong binding for negative substrates, to a negative group is expected to provide an effective binding site for a positively charged substrate. But several recent experiments on aspartate aminotransferase1,2, trypsin3 and aspartate transcarbamoylase (Schachman, H. K. personal communication) have indicated that polarity reversal is not so successful. Here we argue that the same factors that make the enzyme an effective system for the (−+) pair will make it a much less effective system for the ( +−)pair. We also point out that the unusually low effective dielectric constant (ɛ ≃ 13) for the (−+) interaction is due to its microenviron-ment and this will destabilize a (+−) arrangement having an entirely different dielectric constant (ɛ ≃ 80). The calculations presented here evaluate the energetics of ion pairs in protein active sites on a semiquantitative level. This is particularly important when dealing with strong, functionally important interactions that are difficult to evaluate with macroscopic models.
Culture, Ethics, Decision-making and The Ohio State University Conflict in Sociology in the 1960s

En 1968, a eu lieu un conflit inaugure par les initiatives du nouveau president du Departement de Sociologie de l'Universite de l'Etat de l'Ohio, qui s'est developpe jusqu'a devenir probablement la crise la plus grave de la sociologie americaine des annees 1960. L'A. presente le contexte dans lequel le conflit a pris naissance, le processus par lequel la controverse en est venue a etre definie comme un probleme moral/ethique par ceux qui desapprouvaient les actions du president, et l'impact qu'il a eu sur les protagonistes de l'affaire.
T.R.A.F.F.I.C.: Transit response analysis for facilitating informed commuters

T.R.A.F.F.I.C is an acronym representing Transit Response Analysis for Facilitating Informed Commuters. T.R.A.F.F.I.C. is a web service hosted in the cloud which uses real-time Big Data from TRANSCOM, a non-profit firm. We are mining for potential congested traffic patterns which may impair one's timely commute during rush hour. T.R.A.F.F.I.C is based on the service-oriented architecture (SOA) web service technology. The project description, system design, key technical challenges, lessons learned and related works are discussed in this paper. The content in this paper not only gives a case study for SOA, but also provides a new and effective solution for end-users of Intelligent Transportation Services (ITS) solutions.
Essential Techniques for Intraoperative Composite Endograft (CEG) Formation in the Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

The development of an ideal aortic stent graft continues to progress. New devices and techniques are expanding the use of endovascular repair in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). We present data with intraoperative composite endograft (CEG) techniques evaluating immediate and short-term compatibility of components and patients outcome. Twenty-five of 66 patients (38%) received intraoperative CEGs for AAA treatment. A total of 50 components were used to treat type I endoleaks, prevent graft limb kinking or treat associated iliac aneurysm. Nine of the components were used to manage type I proximal endoleaks. Forty-one components were used at the iliac limb for distal type I endoleak, hostile iliac anatomy, or graft limb support or to treat an associated iliac aneurysm. Two patients were left with a type I endoleaks at the iliac attachment site on completion of graft placement. With a mean folow-up of 11 months. Two of 25 patients had a type II endoleak at 6 months. One patient had type I endoleak at 1 year follow-up. CEGs are essential to treat endoleaks with a high technical success rate and expand the indications for treating infrarenal AAA. The component's short-term compatibility makes this method of stent graft placement safe.
Labeling cyclic glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists with 99mTc by the preformed chelate approach: effects of chelators on properties of [99mTc]chelator-peptide conjugates.

Several cyclic GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists were labeled with 99mTc by the preformed chelate approach using chelators such as H4L1 [4,5-bis(mercaptoacetamido)pentanoic acid], H4L2 [3,4-bis(mercaptoacetamido)benzoic acid], H3L3 [2-(mercapto)ethylaminoacetyl-l-cysteine], H4L4 [N-(mercaptoacetyl)glycylglycylglycine], H4L5 [N-[2-(mercapto)propionyl]glycylglycylglycine], and H4L6 [N-[2-(mercapto)propionyl]glycylglycyl-γ-aminobutyric acid]. In this approach, the [99mTc]chelator complexes are formed first, followed by the activation of the carboxylic group on the complex by formation of its tetrafluorophenol (TFP) ester and the conjugation of the TFP ester with an amino group of a cyclic GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist. The 99mTc-labeled cyclic GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists were characterized by radio-HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography); differences in lipophilicity of the [99mTc]chelator−peptide conjugate are attributable to the effects of both the cyclic peptide and the chelator.
The demise of chloroplast DNA in Arabidopsis

Although it might be expected that chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) would be stably maintained in mature leaves, we report the surprising observation that cpDNA levels decline during plastid development in Arabidopsis thaliana (Col.) until most of the leaves contain little or no DNA long before the onset of senescence. We measured the cpDNA content in developing cotyledons, rosette leaves, and cauline leaves. The amount of cpDNA per chloroplast decreases as the chloroplasts develop, reaching undetectable levels in mature leaves. In young cauline leaves, most individual molecules of cpDNA are found in complex, branched forms. In expanded cauline leaves, cpDNA is present in smaller branched forms only at the base of the leaf and is virtually absent in the distal part of the leaf. We conclude that photosynthetic activity may persist long after the demise of the cpDNA.
Ab initio theoretical study of dipole-bound anions of molecular complexes. Anions of H-bonded hydrogen cyanide polymers

Abstract Ab initio calculations have been performed to determine the relative stabilities and structures of small hydrogen cyanide polymers and their dipole-bound anions. It is predicted that while the formation of cyclic structures should dominate in the neutral environment, in the free-electron-rich environment linear clusters should be preferably formed.
Intractable End‐of‐Life Suffering and the Ethics of Palliative Sedation

Palliative sedation (sedation to unconsciousness) as an option of last resort for intractable end-of-life distress has been the subject of ongoing discussion and debate as well as policy formulation. A particularly contentious issue has been whether some dying patients experience a form of intractable suffering not marked by physical symptoms that can reasonably be characterized as "existential" in nature and therefore not an acceptable indication for palliative sedation. Such is the position recently taken by the American Medical Association. In this essay we argue that such a stance reflects a fundamental misunderstanding of the nature of human suffering, particularly at the end of life, and may deprive some dying patients of an effective means of relieving their intractable terminal distress.
Hopf orders via Breuil modules

Abstract Let R be a discrete valuation ring with quotient field K and residue field k of characteristic p > 2 . Each finite flat abelian R-Hopf algebra of rank p n has a corresponding Breuil module. We determine the Breuil modules for the Hopf algebras which are generically isomorphic to KG where G is an elementary abelian p-group, and give an explicit classification for p > 3 , n ⩽ 2 .
Of Matter and Meter: Environmental Form in Coleridge's ‘Effusion 35’ and ‘The Eolian Harp’

In this essay, Timothy Morton explores ecological ways of reading Coleridge's poem ‘Effusion 35’, which he revised as ‘The Eolian Harp’. Previous criticism (such as M. H. Abrams's) has suggested that the Aeolian harp is a way of thinking about relationships between humans and nature, but how precisely should we define these? And do these definitions have anything to do with artistic form (as well as content)? Morton demonstrates that Coleridge conducts an experiment in environmental form, for which the Aeolian harp (or wind harp) provides a key. This popular household gadget was common in the eighteenth century, and several poets had written about it, notably James Thomson. Coleridge innovated in poetic form by making the Aeolian harp a figure for automation, and for the monitoring and recording of environmental processes. The poem thus anticipates, in an imaginary way, contemporary cultures of sound recording and reproduction. Using Marx, Morton demonstrates how the poem organizes meaning in a radically democratic way. ‘Effusion 35’ and ‘The Eolian Harp’ ultimately open our minds to the possibility of ‘ecology without nature’– a deconstructive, open-minded idea of ecology.
Coprecipitation with lactose as a means of recovering the spore-crystal complex of Bacillus thuringiensis

Abstract Although the spore-crystal complex of Bacillus thuringiensis can be precipitated from concentrated aqueous suspensions derived from fermentation beers by the addition of acetone, the spores and crystals in the resulting products have a strong tendency to clump, and they are difficult to resuspend in water. Clumping can be reduced by suspending the concentrated complex in 4–6% lactose solutions and precipitating the lactose along with the complex by the addition of 4 vol of acetone. The precipitate is then easily recovered as a dry, stable preparation that is not difficult to resuspend in water. Yields of over 70% were obtained, and the ratios of spores to crystals did not change during the process. A new term, the diet dilution unit, was defined and used to express potencies and calculate yields.
Coagulation and settling of Amazon River suspended sediment

Abstract Sampling of the water column on the Amazon continental shelf was conducted in June–July 1983, and shipboard measurements of the particle size distribution were accomplished utilizing techniques that permit measurement of flocs. These data indicated a volumetric concentration maximum about 100 km offshore from the Amazon River mouth, with maxima of the mean particle size in suspension in the surface waters of 100 μm and in the bottom waters of 60 μm. The trends of high concentration and large particle sizes parallelled the shore in a northwestern direction. The data indicated that coagulation of the sediments began at low salinities to form flocs which were then transported and settled, controlled primarily by their settling velocities and the water currents.
Temperature dependence studies of the electric field gradient at cadmium impurities in heavy rare earth metals

Several of the rare earth metals (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er) containing111Cd impurities have been studied by the method of time differential perturbed angular correlations (TDPAC) to study electric field gradients. Experiments have been made over a temperature range in which no magnetic interactions are expected. We have observed general correlation patterns whose shapes are temperature dependent. We suggest this provides evidence of a reversible temperature dependent strain or distortion near the impurity atom.
Utilizing Wave Rotor Technology to Enhance the Turbo Compression in Power and Refrigeration Cycles

The objective of this paper is to review and suggest wave-rotor applications in power generation and refrigeration systems. The emphasis is on recent investigations performed by the authors for a microturbine (30 kW) and a novel enhancement of a state-of-the-art water (R718) compression refrigeration cycle. The results of thermodynamic analyses performed for the small gas turbine topped with a 4-port wave rotor show that engine overall efficiency and specific work may increase by up to about 33% without changing the compressor. Expecting similar advantages, it is suggested to use wave rotors in novel R718 compression refrigeration systems. This also introduces a new concept of a condensing wave-rotor that employs pressurized water to both (1) additional rise the pressure of the vapor and (2) desuperheat and condense it, all in one dynamic process. Adding the condensing wave-rotor to the refrigeration cycle allows for a lower pressure ratio of the compressor, which is crucial for the R718 chiller technology. Some structural and economic advantages of the proposed system are mentioned.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Clinical applications of anticancer drugs targeted to topoisomerase II

Agents which 'poison' the enzyme topoisomerase II, have proven to be useful drugs for cancer treatment. Six antineoplastic drugs, which target topoisomerase II (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone, etoposide and teniposide) are currently approved for clinical use in the United States. In this paper, the strategies and goals of cancer chemotherapy are summarized for the non-clinician. The use, pharmacology and toxicity of each of the six currently approved topoisomerase II inhibiting agents are reviewed.
High-aspect-ratio resist for thick-film applications

In recent years, increased activity in micromachining has driven the need for high aspect ratio thick films resist systems. This paper discusses a new epoxy based resist that can be used to achieve high aspect ratios (> 10:1) using UV lithography. The resulting negative resist system provides sharp, clean images in thick films (> 200 micrometers ). Because of the high aspect ratio and short exposure times, this material may be a viable candidate for producing the images required for micromachined parts. The resist images exhibit straight sidewalls and developed patterns, have excellent thermal stability, good adhesion, and chemical resistance. The high aspect ratio and high thermal stability make these epoxy resists suitable for other packaging applications such as plating stencils and optical wave guides.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A new Silurian carpoid echinoderm from Tasmania and a revision of the Allanicytidiidae

A new genus and species of carpoid (‘homalozoan’) echinoderm (class Stylophora, suborder Mitrata, order Anomalocystitida), Tasmanicytidium burretti, is described from the Early Silurian of Tasmania...
A Z p Borsuk-Ulam theorem and index theory with a multiplicity result in partial differential equations

On demontre un theoreme de Borsuk-Ulam Z p generalise. C'est le resultat topologique essentiel pour developper un theoreme d'indice Z p . On demontre un resultat de multiplicite pour un systeme d'equations aux derivees partielles elliptiques non lineaires
Four-wave mixing in highly Ge-doped nonlinear fiber

We demonstrate and study four-wave mixing in an 11-m highly Ge-doped nonlinear-fiber (HDF) for the first time. The HDF is highly compatible with standard single mode fiber that allows a homogeneous platform for signal processing.
Liver Environment and HCV Replication Affect Human T-Cell Phenotype and Expression of Inhibitory Receptors

Background & Aims There is an unclear relationship between inhibitory receptor expression on T cells and their ability to control viral infections. Studies of human immune cells have been mostly limited to T cells from blood, which is often not the site of infection. We investigated the relationship between T-cell location, expression of inhibitory receptors, maturation, and viral control using blood and liver T cells from patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and other viral infections. Methods We analyzed 36 liver samples from HCV antibody–positive patients (30 from patients with chronic HCV infection, 5 from patients with sustained virological responses to treatment, and 1 from a patient with spontaneous clearance) with 19 paired blood samples and 51 liver samples from HCV-negative patients with 17 paired blood samples. Intrahepatic and circulating lymphocytes were extracted; T-cell markers and inhibitory receptors were quantified for total and virus-specific T cells by flow cytometry. Results Levels of the markers PD-1 and 2B4 (but not CD160, TIM-3, or LAG-3) were increased on intrahepatic T cells from healthy and diseased liver tissues compared with T cells from blood. HCV-specific intrahepatic CD8 + T cells from patients with chronic HCV infection were distinct in that they expressed TIM-3 along with PD-1 and 2B4. In comparison, HCV-specific CD8 + T cells from patients with sustained virological responses and T cells that recognized cytomegalovirus lacked TIM-3 but expressed higher levels of LAG-3; these cells also had different memory phenotypes and proliferative capacity. Conclusions T cells from liver express different inhibitory receptors than T cells from blood, independent of liver disease. HCV-specific and cytomegalovirus-specific CD8 + T cells can be differentiated based on their expression of inhibitory receptors; these correlate with their memory phenotype and levels of proliferation and viral control.
Comparative dynamics in an overlapping-generations model: the effects of quasi-rational discrete choice on finding and maintaining Nash equilibrium

Many models of Nash Equilibrium are complex enough that it becomes difficult to ascertain if and under what conditions the economic players can find and maintain this equilibrium. Using an analytical overlapping- generations model of goods, labor, and banking markets and quasi-rational discrete choice decision making, we find through agent-based simulations that Nash Equilibrium in goods market prices is stable when firms are sufficiently sensitive to changes in profits. In addition to verifying the analytical Nash outcome, the simulations verify that their economic agents, decision rules, and other protocols correspond to and maintain consistency with the analytical theory and identify important bounds of the analytical model.
B-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma/Leukemia

T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-LBL) is a neoplasm of immature lymphoid cells (lymphoblasts) committed to the T-cell lineage. The disease usually presents as an extramedullary tumor mass in the anterior mediastinum or lymph nodes (T-LBL). A smaller subset of patients present with predominant blood and bone marrow involvement (T-lymphoblastic leukemia [T-ALL]). Patients who present as T-LBL often convert to a T-ALL clinical picture over time. This clinical overlap, as well as overlap in immunophenotypic and molecular features, led the authors of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification to combine T-ALL and T-LBL cases into one category. There are some immunophenotypic and molecular differences between T-ALL and T-LBL, however, that may explain their different clinical presentations. Here we focus on patients presenting as T-LBL.
The prentif contraceptive cervical cap: A contemporary study of its clinical safety and effectiveness

Abstract Because they seemed to be an overlooked, underutilized, and underdeveloped means of contraception, cervical caps were offered to patients in a private gynecological practice and the first 413 acceptors were sent a detailed questionnaire about their experiences. The 371 who responded provided generous amounts of information helpful in assessing not only cap safety and effectiveness, which are dealt with herein, but also in assessing acceptability which is dealt with in the companion article that follows. With regard to safety considerations, “fcervical erosion” was not found to contraindicate cap use and no other significant safety hazards were encountered, although two concerns were suggested for further evaluation. The failure rate was 8.4 per 100 women per year by the life table method. Of 25 failures, 11 were labeled method failures and 14 were labeled human failures by the respondents themselves. The role of cap dislodgement as a cause of method failures is analyzed. It is concluded that caps are as safe and effective as diaphragms and that for many women they are the most suitable form of contraception available. It is reasonable to expect that they will soon be able to be approved for general use.
Operationality criteria for recursive predicates

Current explanation-based generalization (EBG) techniques can perform badly when the problem being solved involves recursion. Often an infinite series of learned concepts are generated that correspond to the expansion of recursive solutions over every finite depth. Previous attempts to address the problem, such as Shavlik's generalization-to-N EBG method, are overly reluctant to expand recursions; this reluctance can lead to inefficient rules. In this paper EBG is viewed as a program transformation technique on logic programs. Within that framework an improved operationality criterion for controlling the expansion of recursions is presented. This criterion prevents certain infinite and combinatorially explosive rule classes from being generated, yet permits expansion in some useful circumstances, allowing more efficient rules to be learned.