cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Ecologies of Airline Flow

Abstract How can the discipline participate in a city that is increasingly organized by infrastructural work? Architecture's claim to the infrastructural city is through the design of alternative typologies of space in the flow networks that organize the contemporary metropolis. A total of 60 million people travel by air every month in the US and low cost airline travel in Europe doubled between 2003 and 2004. Deploying air travel as a vehicle for urbanism demonstrates that airline infrastructure is a latent site for new opportunities in architectural research and practice.
A proposed model for multiphase flow through naturally fractured reservoirs

When attempting to model fluid flow through any type of medium, the researcher must decide which kinds of fluids and the type of flow to model. In the case of fractured porous media where most of the flow takes place through fractures, the flow can become truly turbulent. However, as demonstrated for many encounters with fracture flow, the laminar flow regime probably prevails. The development of fracture flow models has proceeded alkong two different approaches: the statistical and the enumerative approaces. In the statistical approach, the fractured rock mass is considered a statistically homogencous medium consisting of a combination of fractures and porous rock matrix. The fractures are considered ubiquitous, and the system is called statistically homogeneous because the probability of finding a fracture at any given point in the system is considered the same as finding one at any other point. In the enumerative approach, a fractured rock medium is studied by attempting to model the actual geometry of fractures and porous rock matrix. The locations, orientation, and aperture variations for each individual fracture must be considered in this approach.
GlnD Is Essential for NifA Activation, NtrB/NtrC-Regulated Gene Expression, and Posttranslational Regulation of Nitrogenase Activity in the Photosynthetic, Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum

GlnD is a bifunctional uridylyltransferase/uridylyl-removing enzyme and is thought to be the primary sensor of nitrogen status in the cell. It plays an important role in nitrogen assimilation and metabolism by reversibly regulating the modification of PII proteins, which in turn regulate a variety of other proteins. We report here the characterization of glnD mutants from the photosynthetic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum and the analysis of the roles of GlnD in the regulation of nitrogen fixation. Unlike glnD mutations in Azotobacter vinelandii and some other bacteria, glnD deletion mutations are not lethal in R. rubrum. Such mutants grew well in minimal medium with glutamate as the sole nitrogen source, although they grew slowly with ammonium as the sole nitrogen source (MN medium) and were unable to fix N2. The slow growth in MN medium is apparently due to low glutamine synthetase activity, because a ΔglnD strain with an altered glutamine synthetase that cannot be adenylylated can grow well in MN medium. Various mutation and complementation studies were used to show that the critical uridylyltransferase activity of GlnD is localized to the N-terminal region. Mutants with intermediate levels of uridylyltransferase activity are differentially defective in nif gene expression, the posttranslational regulation of nitrogenase, and NtrB/NtrC function, indicating the complexity of the physiological role of GlnD. These results have implications for the interpretation of results obtained with GlnD in many other organisms.
Serotonin 5-HT2C Receptor Stimulates Cyclic GMP Formation in Choroid Plexus

The serotonin 5-HT 2C receptor (formerly designated the 5-HT 1C receptor) of the choroid plexus triggers phosphoinositide turnover. In the present study, we demonstrate that receptor activation also triggers the formation of cyclic GMP (cGMP). Application of 1 μM 5-HT to porcine choroid plexus tissue slices resulted in stimulation of cGMP formation to a maximum of five-fold basal level, with an EC 50 of 11 nM. This response was not inhibited by muscarinic or β-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Serotonin receptor antagonists inhibited cGMP formation with apparent K i values of 1.3 (mianserin), 200 (ketanserin), and 5,500 (spiperone) nM, respectively. Neither serotonin-stimulated cGMP formation nor PI turnover was inhibited by pertussis toxin pretreatment. Preliminary biochemical studies suggested that serotonin-stimulated cGMP formation was calcium, phospholipase A 2 , and lipoxygenase dependent, as incubation in low calcium buffers or inclusion of the phospholipase A 2 or lipoxygenase inhibitors p-bromophenacyl bromide or BW 755c resulted in significant reduction of cGMP formation. The present results suggest that in addition to triggering phosphoinositide turnover, choroid plexus serotonin 5-HT 2C receptors trigger cGMP formation in a calcium-sensitive manner
Local spline approximation of discontinuous functions and location of discontinuities, given low-order Fourier coefficient information

In recent years, several workers have published methods for accurately approximating a function with discontinuities, given Fourier coefficient information. Our own contribution concentrates on robustness and use of low-order coefficients. In this paper, we present a version of our method which is local in that it approximates the orthogonal projection of the function onto a space of splines which in a period interval is supported on a proper subinterval. The approximation is only slightly influenced by behavior of the function outside the subinterval. In particular, discontinuity locations need not be known outside the subinterval. We establish modest bounds for the approximation operator which proves robustness in the presence of noise. One advantage of this local method is that, compared with the earlier nonlocal version, it can be less expensive: the cost is related to the dimension of the space of splines and this dimension can be small if the subinterval is small. Another advantage is that this version can be used to locate discontinuities. We choose the support of the spline space so that only one discontinuity in a period interval can lie in the support. We then shift the support systematically, and monitor quantities related to the approximation as functions of the shift. The spline space and monitored quantities are chosen so that easily identified values indicate the location of the discontinuity.
LIGAND BINDING IN THE CATALYTIC ANTIBODY 17E8. A FREE ENERGY PERTURBATION CALCULATION STUDY

We present free energy calculations on the Michaelis complexes of the catalytic antibody 17E8 with two substrates, which differ only in their side chains. Replacing a -CH2- group with a -S- increases KM by a factor of about 5−8. This corresponds to a free energy “preference” for the -CH2- ligand of about 0.9−1.3 kcal/mol. The calculations semiquantitatively reproduce the experimental free energies and show that the preference for a -CH2- over a -S- is mainly due to the more favorable solvation free energy in the unbound form of the molecule.
Toward Ideal On-Chip Communication Using Express Virtual Channels

Current on-chip networks use a packet-switched design with a complex router at every hop, which imposes significant communication energy, delay, and throughput overhead. we propose reducing energy and delay, and increasing throughput, using express virtual channels. packets traveling along these virtual express lanes, which connect distant nodes in the network, bypass intermediate routers, significantly reducing router overhead.
Monte Carlo maximum likelihood circle fitting using circular density functions

Finding the "best-fitting" circle to describe a set of points in two dimensions is discussed in terms of maximum likelihood estimation. Several combinations of distributions are proposed to describe the stochastic nature of points in the plane, as the points are considered to have a common, typically unknown center, a random radius, and random angular orientation. A Monte Carlo search algorithm over part of the parameter space is suggested for finding the maximum likelihood parameter estimates. Examples are presented, and comparisons are drawn between circles fit by this proposed method, least squares, and other maximum likelihood methods found in the literature.
EFFECTS OF PLASMA FROM NORMAL AND ENDOTOXIN-TOLERANT HUMANS ON ENDOTOXIN FEVER IN RABBITS.

SummaryPassive transfer of normal human plasma one hour before administration of endotoxin, enhanced the febrile response of rabbits. Plasma from endotoxin tolerant humans, similarly transferred, did not elicit enhanced pyrogenic reactivity. The described techniques may provide a convenient model for further characterization of the role of humoral factors in various states of altered endotoxin reactivity in man.
Inactivation of thermoduric aerobic sporeformers in milk by ultrasonication

Thermoduric sporeformers can survive milk pasteurization and cause spoilages of dairy products. In the present study, ultrasonication was evaluated as a non-thermal processing technique to inactivate the thermally resistant vegetative cells of spore forming Bacillus spp. During the challenge studies, vegetative cells of Bacillus coagulans (ATCC® 12245), Anoxybacillus flavithermus (DSM 2641), Bacillus sporothermodurans (DSM 10599), Bacillus licheniformis (ATCC®6634), and Geobacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC® 15952) were studied for their survivability to batch pasteurization (63 °C/30 min) in skim and whole milk samples. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of ultrasonication alone or in combination with pasteurization on inactivation of vegetative cells of some thermoduric Bacillus spp. Effect of ultrasonication on milk pH, color, and alkaline phosphatase activity was also investigated. Vegetative cells of B. coagulans and A. flavithermus survived pasteurization treatment in both skim and whole milk samples. Ultrasonication at 80% amplitude for 10 min however, inactivated the vegetative cells of B. coagulans and A. flavithermus in skim milk by 4.53, and 4.26 logs, respectively. A combined treatment of pasteurization (63 °C/30 min) followed by ultrasonication completely eliminated approximately log 6 cfu/mL of these cells in skim milk. As visualized under the scanning electron microscope, ultrasonication physically disintegrated vegetative cells of sporeformers. Ultrasonication treatment caused significant reduction (P 0.05) of treated skim milk were not affected.
Entanglement transformation with no classical communication

We present an optimal scheme to realize the transformations between single copies of two bipartite entangled states without classical communication between the sharing parties. The scheme achieves the upper bound for the success probabilities [Phys. Rev. A 63, 022301 (2001); Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1455 (1999)] of generating maximally entangled states if applied to entanglement concentration. Such a strategy also dispenses with the interaction with an ancilla system in the implementation. We also show that classical communications are indispensable in realizing the deterministic transformations of a single bipartite entangled state. With a finite number of identical pairs of two entangled bosons, on the other hand, we can realize the deterministic transformation to any target entangled state of equal or less Schmidt rank through an extension of the scheme.
The Formal Operational Reasoning Test

Summary Educational researchers and psychologists have devoted considerable attention to the measurement of formal operational reasoning abilities. But the lack of suitable paper-and-pencil instruments has limited the quality and extent of assessment possible in regular classrooms and other group settings. The Formal Operational Reasoning Test (FORT) was developed to obviate such problems. Data (N = 300 seventh and eighth grade boys and girls) pertaining to the reliability, content validity, and construct validity of the FORT are reported. It is concluded that the FORT is a reliable and valid measure of formal operational reasoning abilities which is appropriate for use with Ss at or beyond the junior high school level.
Diabetes education: looking through the kaleidoscope

Abstract Background Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a critical element of care for all people with diabetes and those at risk for developing diabetes. In spite of growing evidence of the value of DSME in reducing hospitalization costs, improvement in glucose, weight and medication adherence, DSME remains an underutilized insurance benefit and access to qualified diabetes educators is problematic. Purpose This paper reviews the current challenges, principles and evidence of DSME, importance of integration of diabetes education with clinical care, and the future of diabetes educators and education in the emerging health care delivery models. Data sources Scientific literature review, Pub Med, EBP websites and other online literature databases and resources. Limitations This is not a systematic literature review or meta-analysis of diabetes education. Conclusion Because diabetes is a complex condition reaching pandemic proportions, which requires self-management of the chronic disease on a daily basis, the future of DSME faces challenges in the current fee for service environment. The National Standards for Diabetes self-management education and support and the American Association of Diabetes Educators Practice Guidelines offers new concepts for meeting the future demand of diabetes educators and education.
Vortex dynamics in a type-II superconducting film and complex linear-response functions

The dynamics of interacting vortices in a type-II superconducting film responding to a distribution of currents parallel to the film is investigated. The nonlocality of vortex interactions is taken into account by use of an expansion in normal modes of the flux-line lattice and a wave-vector-dependent dynamical matrix. The theory is applied to obtain linear response functions including the complex mutual inductance and film impedance. For a particular geometry of driving current and pickup coil, the complex mutual inductance is calculated and it is shown that only longitudinal modes contribute to the measurable change in flux when pinning is absent or when it is represented as a linear restoring force acting the same way on each vortex. The configuration so described provides a sensitive means of studying vortex dynamics.
Vascular Remodeling of Arteriovenous Fistula

Arteriovenous (AV) fistula failure is a major clinical problem for the 350,000 patients currently on hemodialysis in the United States. The reasons for this failure are mainly attributed to venous stenosis due to neointimal hyperplasia together with a possible failure of vascular dilatation [1]. Despite the magnitude of the clinical problem, there are currently no effective therapies for AV fistula failure. We believe that this is due to a lack of knowledge about the mechanisms involved in both neointimal hyperplasia and vascular dilatation in the specific context of AV fistulae.© 2009 ASME
On-loom, real-time, noncontact detection of fabric defects by ultrasonic imaging.

The textile industries of developed nations, such as the United States and the countries of western Europe, are now facing enormous competition from imported fabrics important that the textile manufactures, as well as the machine manufactures, to manufacture a machine with high output, less waste, and individual-machine automation. One of the most labor-intensive tasks in textile production is the inspection and identification of fabric defects. Although visual inspection can identify most defects, an automated or semiautomated inspection system will be more reliable, eliminate potential human errors, improve quality control, reduce waste and energy consumption, and lower operating costs. Currently, an optic/visual system is commercially available, but it is an off-loom system and is very expensive. Other techniques, for example, ultrasonic, millimeter wave, capacitance, and photo-diode, have been studied. At Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), we developed a nonvisual, noncontact fabric-inspection system that can detects defects in real-time on the loom[1]. The system is compact, rugged, and low cost, requires minimal maintenance, is not sensitive to fabric color and vibration, and can easily be adapted to current loom configurations. Unlike other available techniques, the ANL ultrasonic system is not affected by vibration generated by the weaving machine.
Microwave Dielectric Spectrum of Vegetation-Part I: Experimental Observations

This is the first paper in a two-part sequence that evaluates the microwave dielectric behavior of vegetation material as a function of water content, microwave frequency, and temperature. Part I presents experimental measurements of the dielectric spectrum from 0.2 to 20 GHz for various types of vegetation material including leaves, stalks, and trunks at various moisture conditions. The measurements were acquired using a coaxial probe technique suitable for measuring the dielectric constant of both thick materials, such as tree trunks, and thin materials, such as leaves. In Part II, the experimental data are used to guide the development of a dual-dispersion dielectric model that incorporates the dielectric properties of water in both "free" and "bound" forms.
Incidence and risk factors for lung cancer among women in the women's interagency HIV study (WIHS) and men in the multicenter AIDS cohort study (MACS)

Author(s): Hessol, Nancy A; Martinez-Maza, Otoniel; Levine, Alexandra; Rinaldo, Charles R; Margolick, Joseph B; Cohen, Mardge H; Jacobson, Lisa P; Seaberg, Eric C
The ins and outs of virulence gene expression: Mg2+ as a regulatory signal

The facultative intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium faces multiple environments during infection, including different cell types as well as extracellular fluids. We propose that Salmonella ascertains its cellular location by assessing the Mg2+ concentration of its milieu. A signal transduction system, PhoP/PhoQ, signals Salmonella its presence in a intracellular (low Mg2+) or extracellular (high Mg2+) environment, thereby promoting transcription of genes required for survival within or entry into host cells. The PhoP/PhoQ system is high in a regulatory hierarchy that controls other signal transduction systems that respond to different host cues, enabling the microorganism to determine its precise tissue and cellular location.
Fiscal Trends and Self‐Fulfilling Crises

This paper develops a second-generation currency crisis model with endogenously changing fundamentals. Previous second-generation models are static, e.g. Obstfeld (1994), or dynamic with exogenous paths of fundamentals, e.g. Obstfeld (1986). In our model, the government weighs the disutility of making fundamentals consistent with a peg against a penalty for floating. If the former dominates, the government runs expansionary policies, precipitating a crisis. For some parameters, self-fulfilling speculation affects when the crisis happens, but not whether it happens. For other values, there are “purely self-fulfilling” crises, where a peg that could have survived forever collapses if attacked in the first few periods.
Corporal Punishment and the Mediating Effects of Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Gender On Empathy in a Southern Rural Population

A total of 138 college students were administered the Parental Acceptance Rejection/Control Questionnaire, the Physical Punishment Questionnaire, and the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale to determi...
Religion and Political Decision Making

Influential political theorists suggest that religious differences in political life may be overcome through shared commitment to political processes. In this article, I subject the underlying assumptions of this proposition to empirical inquiry. When faced with substantive conflict over policy outcomes, do religious persons defer to a political process for resolution? And if so, to which political process do they defer? Through a novel interview exercise with 61 respondents from a variety of religious backgrounds, I find a general willingness to defer to a legitimate political process, even if it results in an undesirable outcome that violates religious (or other) political preferences. However, I also find that a political process need not be democratic to be seen as legitimate, and that process preferences do not map onto religious differences.
A Review of Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Legionellosis in Long-Term Care Facilities

Legionellosis is an important public health problem in the United States and other countries, and residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are at higher risk for Legionnaires' disease than the general population. In this study, we reviewed published US and international guidelines for the primary prevention of legionellosis in LTCFs, including nursing homes, skilled nursing facilities, assisted living facilities, and aged care facilities. The results of this review indicate that most guidelines emphasize adequate design and maintenance of water systems and water temperatures; however, guidance regarding routine preventative environmental testing for Legionella bacteria is not uniform among various jurisdictions, and facilities are generally left without clear guidance on this issue. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not recommend such testing in LTCFs, in contrast to the Veterans Health Administration and Environmental Protection Agency. Internationally, the World Health Organization recommends routine environmental testing, as do Ireland; France; The Netherlands; South Africa; Vienna, Austria; and Queensland, Australia. Among domestic and international guidelines in favor of environmental testing, recommendations on the frequency of testing for Legionella in water systems vary. Further research to inform recommendations on the usefulness of routine environmental testing and other measures for the primary prevention of legionellosis in this setting is needed.
Quantitation of Methamphetamine and Amphetamine in Urine by Capillary GC/MS Part II. Derivatization with 4-Carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl Chloride

I An analytical procedure for methamphetamine and amphetamine has been developed using 4-carbethoxy- hexafluorobutyryl chloride. This derivatizing reagent has all the previously reported advantages of trichloroacetic anhydride (TCAA) in that it produces stable derivatives having both a higher mass fragmentation pattern and lesser volatility than derivatives of trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) or heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA). In addition, the assay uses deuterated internal standards for both methamphetamine and amphetamine. The procedure employs a liquid-liquid extraction and back extraction followed by acylation of the amines to their respective 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyramides. Excess derivatizing reagent is converted to the diethyl ester with anhydrous ethanol. At a column temperature of approximately 180~ the retention times for amphetamine and methamphetamine are 4 rain and 5.5 min respectively�9 The monitored positive ions are: 248, 266, 294 (amphetamine); 270, 298 (amphetamine-de);
Patterning of GaN in High-Density Cl2- and BCl3-Based Plasmas

Fabrication of group-Ill nitride electronic and photonic devices relies heavily on the ability to pattern features with anisotropie profiles, smooth surface morphologies, etch rates often exceeding 0.5 μm/min, and a low degree of plasma-induced damage. Patterning these materials has been especially difficult due to their high bond energies and their relatively inert chemical nature as compared to other compound semiconductors. However, high-density plasma etching has been an effective patterning technique due to ion fluxes which are 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than conventional RIE systems. GaN etch rates as high as -1.3 μm/min have been reported in ECR generated ICI plasmas at -150 V dc-bias. In this study, we report high-density GaN etch results for ECR- and ICP-generated plasmas as a function of Cl2- and BCl3-based plasma chemistries.
Disparities in uterine cancer survival in a Brooklyn cohort of black women

Aim: The present study evaluates uterine cancer survival in a black cohort living in Brooklyn and determines whether foreign-born women have a health benefit over those born in the USA. Materials & methods: De-identified cancer registry data were obtained for all black patients (n = 311) diagnosed with primary uterine cancer between 1993 and 2007. Survival rates were analyzed according to place of birth. Results: The 5-year survival rate was slightly higher for US-born black patients; the predictors of overall survival were different for foreign-born black women compared with US-born black women. Age was a predictor of death in US-born women and type of treatment was a predictor in foreign-born women. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that grouping together US-born and foreign-born black patients may mask important differences within the black population. The observed differences between US-born and foreign-born black patients may be associated with variations in environmental and other lifestyle exposu...
Threat as a Feature in Visual Semantic Object Memory

Threatening stimuli have been found to modulate visual processes related to perception and attention. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated whether threat modulates visual object recognition of man-made and naturally occurring categories of stimuli. Compared with nonthreatening pictures, threatening pictures of real items elicited larger fMRI BOLD signal changes in medial visual cortices extending inferiorly into the temporo-occipital (TO) ''what'' pathways. This region elicited greater signal changes for threatening items compared to nonthreatening from both the natural-occurring and man-made stimulus supraordinate categories, demonstrating a featural component to these visual processing areas. Two additional loci of signal changes within more lateral inferior TO areas (bilateral BA18 and 19 as well as the right ventral temporal lobe) were detected for a category-fea- ture interaction, with stronger responses to man-made (category) threatening (feature) stimuli than to nat- ural threats. The findings are discussed in terms of visual recognition of processing efficiently or rapidly groups of items that confer an advantage for survival. Hum Brain Mapp 00:000-000, 2012. V C 2012 Wiley
Investigating temporal patterns of a native bee community in a remnant North American bunchgrass prairie using blue vane traps

Native bees are important ecologically and economically because their role as pollinators fulfills a vital ecosystem service. Pollinators are declining due to various factors, including habitat degradation and destruction. Grasslands, an important habitat for native bees, are particularly vulnerable. One highly imperiled and understudied grassland type in the United States is the Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass Prairie. No studies have examined native bee communities in this prairie type. To fill this gap, the bee fauna of the Zumwalt Prairie, a large, relatively intact remnant of the Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass Prairie, was examined. Native bees were sampled during the summers of 2007 and 2008 in sixteen 40-ha study pastures on a plateau in northeastern Oregon, using a sampling method not previously used in grassland studies—blue vane traps. This grassland habitat contained an abundant and diverse community of native bees that experienced marked seasonal and inter-annual variation, which appears to be related to weather and plant phenology. Temporal variability evident over the entire study area was also reflected at the individual trap level, indicating a consistent response across the spatial scale of the study. These results demonstrate that temporal variability in bee communities can have important implications for long-term monitoring protocols. In addition, the blue vane trap method appears to be well-suited for studies of native bees in large expanses of grasslands or other open habitats, and may be a useful tool for monitoring native bee communities in these systems.
Fair Use, Efficiency, and Corrective Justice

The fair use doctrine is at once the most significant and the most problematic qualification of the copyright owner's right to exclusivity. An affirmative defense against copyright liability, the fair use doctrine legitimates certain unauthorized reproductions of copyrighted materials that would otherwise be regarded as copyright infringements. Notwithstanding its importance, “fair use” continues to be “the most troublesome [doctrine] in the whole law of copyright.” Throughout its long history, neither courts nor legislatures have provided a useful definition of “fair use” nor have they adumbrated its objectjves. Since the doctrine's inception over two and a half centuries ago, courts and legislatures have attempted to formulate, explicate, refine, and revamp the fair use doctrine. Generally, these efforts have proven unfruitful. At best, they have resulted in various formulations of how to approach fair use questions that offer courts and users of copyrighted works scant guidance on how fair use should be recognized. All this would not have been of grave concern had judges shared a common understanding of fair use or of the principles that should guide them in deciding fair use cases. The problem is that they do not. Rather, the case law reflects wdely divergent notions of the concept of fair use. The lack of consensus is best witnessed in the multiple reversals and divided courts that have become the hallmark of fair use litigation.
Children's Acquisition of the Number Words and the Counting System

This paper examines how and when children come to understand the way in which counting determines numerosity and learn the meanings of the number words. A 7-month longitudinal study of 2 and 3 year olds shows that, very early on, children already know that the counting words each refer to a distinct, unique numerosity, though they do not yet know to which numerosity each word refers. It is possible that children learn this in part from the syntax of the number words. Despite this early knowledge, however, it takes children a long time (on the order of a year) to learn how the counting system represents numerosity. This suggests that our initial concept of number is represented quite differently from the way the counting system represents number, making it a difficult task for children to map the one Onto the Other.
A closer look: the benefits and effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on a female-specific unit for treatment of bipolar disorder.

This case study examines the benefits and effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and a female-specific unit for a woman with Bipolar Disorder. For this case study, the patient, Sonia, is a pseudonym for reasons of confidentiality. Sonia has been persistently non-compliant with her psychotropic medications since being diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder. Throughout her life, she has maintained the distortion that she does not need her prescribed psychotropic medications. This thinking has served as a catalyst for Sonia to stop taking her prescribed psychotropic medications and ultimately relapse, which has resulted in approximately 20 psychiatric hospitalizations. Another intervention, in addition to psychotropic medications, was desperately needed to stop this vicious cycle, in order to address her negative conceptualization of her illness. During her last hospitalization on a specialized psychiatric inpatient program for women, Sonia received Cognitive Behavioral Therapy from a therapist in trai...
Computer based harmonic simulation and testing for microprocessor-based phase distance relay with phase locator

The effect of harmonics on the operation of microprocessor-based phase distance and ground directional overcurrent relay and fault locator is addressed. The testing facility consists of a computer-based three phase harmonic source, programmable three phase voltage and current amplifiers, and a digital-to-analog interface board. The software generates the harmonics and detects any trip action by the relay. Extensive experiments are performed in which the relays are subject to a matrix of distortion frequencies, magnitudes, and phases. The results of these experiments are discussed, and suggestions on the applications of the relay are given. >
The carboxyl terminus in apolipoprotein E2 and the seven amino acid repeat in apolipoprotein E-Leiden: role in receptor-binding activity

Both apolipoprotein (apo) E2 and apoE-Leiden (tandem repeat of amino acids 121-127) are associated with type III hyperlipoproteinemia and bind defectively to low density lipoprotein receptors. Removing the carboxyl terminus of both variants (residues 192-299) increases receptor-binding activity, suggesting that the carboxyl terminus modulates activity. To identify the region(s) that modulated binding activity, we produced carboxyl-terminal truncations in apoE2 and apoE-Leiden (terminating at positions 191, 223, 244, and 272) and in apoE3 (terminating at positions 191, 223, and 244) and compared their receptor-binding activities as dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) discs. The results suggest that the entire carboxyl terminus up to residue 272, not a discrete smaller segment, is responsible for the modulation in apoE2. Intact apoE-Leiden and the 223 and 244 variants displayed similar activities (approximately 25% of apoE3's), but the 191 variant's activity was identical to that of intact apoE3. ApoE-Leiden and its truncated variants formed larger DMPC discs than did intact or truncated apoE3 or apoE2. These discs contained more apoE molecules than apoE3 discs, suggesting that the apparently normal binding activity of the apoE-Leiden 191 variant results from an increased number of apoE molecules and that the binding activity is actually defective. Direct comparison in a solid-phase assay revealed that the binding activity of the apoE-Leiden fragment was defective (51.4+/-9.4%). Thus, the defective binding of apoE-Leiden results from a direct effect of the seven amino acid repeat on receptor-binding activity rather than from an indirect effect operating through the carboxyl terminus as previously believed.
Inhospital and Post-discharge Changes in Renal Function After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of inhospital and post-discharge worsening renal function (WRF) on prognosis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Severe chronic kidney disease and inhospital WRF are both associated with poor outcomes after TAVR. There are no data available on post-discharge WRF and outcomes. This was a single-center study evaluating all TAVR from June 1, 2008, to June 31, 2014. WRF was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dl. Inhospital WRF was measured from day 0 until discharge or day 7 if the hospitalization was >7 days. Post-discharge WRF was measured at 30 days after discharge. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier time-to-event analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were used. In a series of 208 patients who underwent TAVR, 204 with complete renal function data were used in the inhospital analysis and 168 who returned for the 30-day follow-up were used in the post-discharge analysis. Inhospital WRF was seen in 28%, whereas post-discharge WRF in 12%. Inhospital and post-discharge WRF were associated with lower rates of survival; however, after multivariate analysis, only post-discharge WRF remained a predictor of 1-year mortality (hazard ratio 1.18, p = 0.030 for every 1 mg/dl increase in serum creatinine). In conclusion, the rate of inhospital WRF is higher than the rate of post-discharge WRF after TAVR, and post-discharge WRF is more predictive of mortality than inhospital WRF.
Leadership Development Action Worksheet

This brief note consists of an exercise that helps leadership program participants connect their views on the strategic challenges facing them and their organizations with their personal leadership-development agendas, thus focusing on developing leadership skills and attributes that can have an immediate impact. The note presumes an in-class discussion of strategic challenges and of leadership attributes and assessments.
Delayed onset arterial gas embolism.

Numerous civilian and military personnel are involved in SCUBA diving activities. In this day of rapid air travel it is important that all physicians, not just those living near the coast or dive centers, be familiar with the basics of diagnosing and treating diving-related injuries. One of the more serious complications of dysbarism is Arterial Gas Embolism (AGE). This case history involves an atypical presentation of delayed onset AGE in a military diver trainee, and its treatment. This article then reviews the incidence, etiology, pathophysiology, "classic" presentation and current treatment of this disease. Systemic pathophysiology secondary to the effects of intravascular air of AGE is also discussed. Language: en
Noninvasive Optical Quantification of Absolute Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption Rate in Exercising Skeletal Muscle

Diffuse optical technologies (NIRS/DCS) are combined with a novel gating algorithm to continuously and noninvasively quantify absolute blood flow, blood oxygenation, and oxygen consumption rate in exercising skeletal muscle for the first time.
Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of Chinese hamster telomeric protein chTRF1. Its potential role in chromosomal instability

Chinese hamster cells frequently have altered karyotypes. To investigate the basis of recent observations that karyotypic alterations are related to telomeric fusions, we asked whether these alterations are due to lack of telomere repeat binding factor/s. Further, Chinese hamster chromosomes contain large blocks of interstitial telomeric repeats, which are preferentially involved in chromosome breakage and exchange, rendering it an interesting model for such studies. Here, we report on the cloning and the chromosomal localization of the Chinese hamster telomere repeat binding factor, chTRF1. The sequence analysis revealed, similar to human TRF1 (hTRF1), an N-terminal acidic domain, a TRF1 specific DNA binding motif and a C-terminal Myb type domain. Unlike mouse TRF1 (mTRF1), chTRF1 shows 97.5% identity to hTRF1. chTRF1 gene was localized on the long arm of chromosome 5. In vitro translation of chTRF1 resulted in protein product similar in molecular weight to hTRF1. Immunostaining of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) with anti-TRF1 antibody revealed punctate nuclear staining. At metaphase, antibodies failed to detect TRF1 on most of the chromosome ends and the interstitial telomeric repeat bands. These studies suggest that chTRF1 does not bind the interstitial telomeric repeats, and its presence at the metaphase chromosome ends is limited. The later could be a factor contributing to frequent karyotypic alterations observed in Chinese hamster cells.
Influence of Quenched Defects on Thermal Expansion and Glass Transition in Diopside (CaMgSi2O6)

This study was conducted to investigate the possible occurrence of non-equilibrium defects and their influence on glass transition in a relatively depolymerized silicate structure. The glass of interest has an average bridging/non-bridging oxygen ratio of 1:2. It was prepared by fast quenching and was examined in the alumina pushrod dilatometer at heating rates of 5 and 15 ° C/min. The thermal expansion decreases with increase in the rate of heating although, the expansion coefficient is independent of heating rate at temperatures below the transition region. In the supercooled liquid region the expansion coefficient is higher at the higher heating rate. In the transition region it is both heating rate and temperature dependent. Three distinct temperatures are revealed in the transition region from temperature dependence of expansion rate. Their dependence on heating rate is described by a low activation energy of about 3Kcal/mol for transition. The single parameter fictive temperature is not in agreement with kinetics of relaxation due to a wide temperature interval of 600 to 750° C for the transition region. The transition kinetics is perhaps enhanced by the presence of defects whose annealing is impedded with increase in heating rate. Thus under the influence of higher defect concentration a spiked change in relaxation rate occurs and points to the presence of a critical temperature in the transition region. In the neighborhood of this temperature the relaxation rate of supercooled liquid is significantly lower than its solid analog. For short relaxation times in the supercooled liquid thermal expansion coefficient is relatively higher at the higher heating rate.
Legal Briefs: Why It Pays to Provide Good Documentation: Lawsuit Against Obstetrician Dismissed

A 3,040-g, 386/7 weeks’ gestation girl is delivered by vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery to a 17-year-old, gravida 1 para 0 woman. Her pregnancy was uncomplicated. The labor was augmented by oxytocin. When the fetus was at 0 station, the obstetrician ruptured the membranes, and the fluid was clear. Shortly after the rupture of the membranes, the fetal heart rate (HR) decreased to the 60’s beats per minute for several minutes, at which point the obstetrician discontinued oxytocin administration, ordered a fluid bolus, and told the nurse to place the patient on her right side. The obstetrician was present during this deceleration and observed the fetal HR return to a normal rate with good variability. During the next 1 to 2 hours, a huge number of variable decelerations occurred, mostly with the HR down to the 60’s beats per minute; the variability became minimal, and the baseline fetal HR drifted lower. The nurse did not document these abnormalities and did not contact the obstetrician. During the ongoing decelerations, the nurse restarted and incrementally increased the oxytocin dosage and instructed the mother to push. The treating obstetrician stated in his deposition that he well remembered the case, that he was definitely not contacted about the decelerations, and that had not authorized the nurse to restart administration of the oxytocin. He also added that he called multiple times during the hours after rupture of the membranes for periodic updates, and the labor and delivery nurse assured him that all was going well. The obstetrician retained by the plaintiff pointed to the improper management of labor and stated that the nurse should have notified the obstetrician because of the profound decelerations. He pointed out that oxytocin administration should not have been restarted and should have been discontinued as the decelerations continued. Had …
Biomarker development in MET-targeted therapy

// Yanni Zhang 1 , Zhiqiang Du 1 and Mingqiang Zhang 1 1 Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China Correspondence to: Mingqiang Zhang, email: // Keywords : MET, amplification, overexpression, biomarker, MET-targeted therapy Received : September 18, 2015 Accepted : March 14, 2016 Published : March 22, 2016 Abstract Activation of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase by its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, migration, motility and invasion, all of which may be enhanced in human cancers. Aberrantly activated MET/HGF signaling correlates with tumorigenesis and metastasis, and is regarded as a robust target for the development of novel anti-cancer treatments. Various clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of selective HGF/MET inhibitors in cancer patients. There is currently no optimal or standardized method for accurate and reliable assessment of MET levels, or other biomarkers that are predictive of the patient response to MET-targeted therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the importance of accurate HGF/MET signal detection as a predictive biomarker to guide patient selection for clinical trials of MET-targeted therapies in human cancers.
Abstract C31: Exploring disparities in sentinel lymph node biopsy within the Breast Cancer Care in Chicago study

Background: Lymph node biopsy is a critical component of a diagnostic work-up for patients with invasive breast cancer and is necessary for evaluating the extent and stage of disease so that appropriate treatment can be recommended. The standard procedure prior to the advent of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) procedures was axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), which is associated with debilitating side effects such as lymphedema. SLNB diffused into practice during the early 2000s and is associated with fewer side effects; for this reason, SLNB has become the standard of care for women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer without clinically palpable lymph node involvement. Using data from the Breast Cancer Care in Chicago study (BCCC), we investigated racial/ethnic disparities in the receipt of SLNB vs. ALND and whether certain tumor, patient, or facility characteristics might help to explain the likelihood of receiving a SLNB. Methods: A total of 989 female patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer were recruited and interviewed for the study. Eligible patients were female, resided in Chicago, had a first primary in situ or invasive breast cancer; were diagnosed between 2005 and 2008 between the ages of 30 and 79 at diagnosis; and self-identified as either non-Latina (nL) White, nL Black or Latina. Of these, 74% (N=731) consented to medical record abstraction and had complete information on receipt of either ALND or SLNB. The racial/ethnic disparity in receipt of SLNB was estimated as a prevalence difference (PD) using logistic regression with marginal based standardization. Mediation analyses were conducted using the method of rescaled coefficients (Karlson, Holm, and Breen). All models were adjusted for age at diagnosis. Results: Roughly half of patients (57%) received a SLNB; nL White women were more likely to receive a SLNB as compared to nL Black and Hispanic women (67% vs 50% and 50%; p= Conclusion: During the mid to late 2000s when the practice of SLNB as an alternative to ALND was reaching about half of eligible patients in Chicago, ethnic minority patients were less likely than their nL White counterparts to receive SLNB. Facility accreditation explained a substantial portion of this disparity. Better access and opportunities to go to highly accredited facilities may decrease this disparity. Citation Format: Bethliz Irizarry, Keith Dookeran, Garth Rauscher. Exploring disparities in sentinel lymph node biopsy within the Breast Cancer Care in Chicago study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C31.
Aerosol Impacts on Thermally Driven Orographic Convection

AbstractObservations from the Dominica Experiment (DOMEX) field campaign clearly show aerosols having an impact on cloud microphysical properties in thermally driven orographic clouds. It is hypothesized that when convection is forced by island surface heating, aerosols from the mostly forested island surface are lofted into the clouds, resulting in the observed high concentration of aerosols and the high concentration of small cloud droplets. When trying to understand the impact of these surface-based aerosols on precipitation, however, observed differences in cloud-layer moisture add to the complexity. The WRF Model with the aerosol-aware Thompson microphysics scheme is used to study six idealized scenarios of thermally driven island convection: with and without a surface aerosol source, with a relatively dry cloud layer and with a moist cloud layer, and with no wind and with a weak background wind. It is found that at least a weak background wind is needed to ensure Dominica-relevant results and that t...