cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strategic Management for the Twenty-First Century

Strategy historically was in the purview of the military. It has come to denote a high-level plan to achieve one or more goals under conditions of uncertainty. Following the industrial revolution and subsequent rise of scientific management in the twentieth century, the use of quantitative tools for optimization (e.g., linear programming) became popular first in the military during World War II and later in industry. While useful for short-term closed problems (e.g., production and distribution planning and process control), they were found inadequate for longer term strategic planning where risk and uncertainty prevail. In the latter half of the twentieth century, various qualitative approaches for analyzing the external environment, the industry, and the firm were introduced including SWOT analysis, scenario planning, five forces model, industrial organization model, resource-based model, contingency theory, stakeholder model, balanced scorecard, blue ocean, and sustainability.
O24 Effects of ankle taping on the static and dynamic stability in healthy young adults – a pilot study

Design Cross-sectional study. Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore the stability of the participants by using the COP tracing area while being applied ankle taping and without ankle taping during static and dynamic manoeuvre. Background Ankle taping is a very common technique used in sports as well as in clinical aspects on the effort of providing stability to the joint. It has become controversial the evidence presented on the benefits of stability while using diverse taping techniques, and the use of different type of tapes. Methods and Measures 8 healthy students (7 females and one male) performed single-leg standings with eyes open and eyes closed for 10 s (static tests), jumped with single-leg landings (dynamic test) on a force plate across 3 ankle taping conditions (Dynamic taping, Athletic taping, and no tape). Subjects were taped for prevention of a lateral ankle sprain with the full dorsiflexed foot. The boundary of all the COP position for each trial were detected and the COP tracing area was calculated by Matlab-based program. Results The COP tracing area demonstrated less range while using athletic taping in the dynamic test. In static tests, the COP tracing area showed less range while using dynamic taping for both eye open and eye closed condition. Conclusion The preliminary results indicated the athletic taping may improve the stability during the dynamic movement but not during the static task. In more demanding task, the participants may benefit from better ankle stabilisation. However, in lower demanding task, maintaining stability require more somatosensory input and minor adjustment. The athletic taping may decrease those functions since the ankle joint was fixed and the surrounding muscles, tendons or capsules could not react properly.
One of Us, One of Us!: Representations and Dialogues with “Fanboys” and “Fangirls”

Although marginalized identities have often been disregarded by popular geek media there are occasional productions catered towards acknowledging these audiences. This chapter will look at several media productions geared towards marginalized audiences within the geek communities and will deconstruct the larger geek response to these narratives in light of the dominant hypermasculine geek identity. The perceived value of the female gaze, queer relationships and “shipper-friendly” narration is traced through geek productions across several media platforms and used to deconstruct both the cultural and capitalistic assumptions made about appealing to wider audiences’ tastes. In these spaces, the female gaze is undermined even as it is apparently catered to, often with disclaimers from male creators as to having any intention to ever invite such subtextual interpretation. Most infamously, we will highlight a number of series that invite queer readings of leading men (from Star Trek to Supernatural and Sherlock) while simultaneously refusing to canonize any such interpretation.
Arizona Space Grant Consortium Participation and Contribution During the 2017 Solar Eclipse

Students from the Arizona/NASA Space Grant Consortium attended the Montana State University (MSU) Solar Eclipse Workshop in July 2016, where the MSU-designed ground station and payloads were assembled. The team returned with the systems, making modifications and conducting tests leading up to the eclipse in the following areas: ground station tracking and payload improvements, including expanded video capability. With the initial aid of Louisiana State University (LSU), the team upgraded the tracking system to use both Automated Packet Reporting System (APRS) beacons and MSU’s Iridium tracking system. This update improved the accuracy of determining the location of the balloon and payloads. The hardware improvements for the ground station included the addition of mobile HughesNet satellite internet service. Payload improvements included using medium-gain antennas, next generation Ubiquiti modems, and Raspberry Pi 3 computers. In addition, a 360 degree video camera payload was developed. The systems were tested over six balloon flights. During the solar eclipse, the team was in Glendo, WY, and flew the following payloads on two balloons: Digital Video Payload (DVP), Digital Image Payload (DIP), 360 Video Payload, Arizona State University (ASU) Scientific Payload, flight termination payload, and tracking payloads. Each of these payloads functioned correctly with the exception of DVP, possibly due to damage at launch, which meant the team was unable to live stream video during the eclipse. Instead, the team streamed an image slideshow to a NASA website during the eclipse with still images downlinked from the DIP. However, videos from both the DVP and 360 Video Payload were recovered after the flight and later processed. Overall the mission was successful in collecting video, images, and data of the eclipse from the high-altitude perspective.
Lumbopelvic Pain and Threats to Walking Ability in Well‐Functioning Older Adults: Findings from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Objectives To examine the potential contribution of severity of lumbopelvic pain (LPP) in well‐functioning older adults to poorer walking efficiency, lack of endurance, slower gait speed, and decline in these mobility parameters over 1 to 5 years. Design Longitudinal analysis of Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging data. Setting National Institute on Aging, Clinical Research Unit, Baltimore, Maryland. Participants Well‐functioning men and women aged 60 to 89 (N=878). Measurements An interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to ascertain reported presence and severity of back and hip pain in the preceding 12 months and reported walking ability, including ease of walking a mile. Certified examiners assessed usual gait speed, the energetic cost of walking (oxygen consumption, mL per kg/m), and time taken to walk 400 m as quickly as possible. Covariates included sex, age, age‐squared, race, height, weight, exercise, and smoking. Results Overall, 31.4% had mild LPP, and 15.7% had moderate to severe LPP. In adjusted analyses, reported walking ability (p<.001), endurance walk performance (p=.007), and energetic cost of walking (p=.049) were worse with increasing LPP severity. Usual gait speed did not vary according to LPP (p=.31). Longitudinally, over an average 2.3 years, persons with new or sustained LPP had worse follow‐up level, greater mean decline, and higher likelihood of meaningful decline in reported walking ability than persons free of LPP or whose LPP resolved. Walking performance did not differ according to LPP follow‐up status. Conclusion LPP was common in well‐functioning older adults and was associated with greater energetic cost of walking and poorer perceived and observed walking endurance. The longitudinal effect of LPP is unclear, but worsening perception of walking ability and its contribution to future mobility loss warrants further attention.
Complexity matching in speech: Effects of speaking rate and naturalness

Abstract Recordings of speech exhibit nested clustering of peak amplitude events that reflects the hierarchical temporal structure of language. Previous studies have found variations in nested clustering to correspond with variations in prosody and social interaction. In the present study, we tested two specific dimensions of variation in speech hypothesized to have differing effects on hierarchical temporal structure: Speaking rate and naturalness. Rate was manipulated both algorithmically and experimentally, and naturalness was manipulated using synthesized speech, with sine wave speech as a comparison. Allan Factor analysis was used to quantify nested clustering of peak amplitude events in speech recordings as a function of timescale. For fast speech, nested clustering was found to shift into shorter timescales, whereas for synthesized speech, nested clustering was found to decrease in the longer timescales. Results are discussed in terms of complexity matching and its implications for how neural and perceptual processes might respond to changes in the hierarchical temporal structure of speech signals.
Paneled and Molecular Polyhedra: How Stable Are They?

Polyhedral models can be physically constructed in a variety of ways. The inexpensive methods described in Chapter 2 include sticks connected at endpoints, or paper, creased and glued with tape along edges. But the resulting structures are not always sufficiently stable: sticks may slip off their connecting joints, paper bends, and even when sturdy carton is used, not having enough tape may lead to loose paper ends or a flexible polyhedral model.
Estimating Random Effects In the Framingham Heart Study

The assessment of the effects of covariates or potential risk factors on the times to events in a complex longitudinal study is an important problem in survival analysis. In such studies, individuals often enter at different ages and the particular endpoint of interest may or may not be observed during the study period. Such event times are right censored. Most statistical methods deal with this problem when the individual event times are statistically independent. In many studies, such as the Framingham Heart Study, event times between different endpoints on the same individual or between groups of individuals may be associated. For example, event times within individuals (e.g., age at first evidence of hypertension, glucose intolerance, coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease) may be associated. Also, it is reasonable to presume that individuals in the same household, such as husbands and wives who share common unmeasured environmental hazards (diet, radon levels, etc.), or, siblings who share common genetic factors, will have associated times to occurrence of certain diseases or to death. We model such potential dependencies by the introduction of a “frailty” into the model that represents shared unobservable genetic or environmental random effects.
Fracture toughness of additively manufactured carbon fiber reinforced composites

Abstract The fracture properties (stress intensity factor and energy release rate) of additively manufactured (AM) polylactic acid (PLA) and its short carbon fiber (CF) reinforced composites have been studied. The effects of CF reinforcement, nozzle geometry and bead lay-up orientations in fracture properties, void contents, and interfacial bonding were investigated. The fused filament fabrication (FFF)-based AM specimens using both circular and square shaped nozzle were printed and compared with the conventional compression molded (CM) samples. Compact tension (CT) specimens with different CF concentrations (0 wt.%, 3 wt. %, 5 wt.%, 7 wt.% and 10 wt.%) were printed with two bead lay-up orientations ( 45 0 / - 45 0 and 0 0 / 90 0 ) using PLA and CF/PLA composite filaments. The results show significant improvement in fracture toughness and fracture energy for CF/PLA composites in comparison to neat PLA. The fracture toughness was increased by 42% for 0 0 / 90 0 and 38% for 45 0 / - 45 0 bead orientations, respectively with 5% CF loading. The increase in fracture energy was observed to be about 77% for 0 0 / 90 0 and 88% for 45 0 / - 45 0 bead orientations, respectively for the same fiber reinforcement (5 wt. %). Such improvement in fracture properties is expected to be higher for all 90 0 bead orientations. The samples printed by square-shaped nozzle showed enhanced fracture toughness with less inter-bead voids and larger bonded areas in comparison to the circular-shaped nozzle. Although the fracture toughness showed very negligible differences between 0 0 / 90 0 and 45 0 / - 45 0 specimens, distinguishable variation may be seen in the case of 0 0 and 90 0 bead orientations. The crack propagation path and fracture mechanisms were studied using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations. Fractography revealed different modes of failure with a very high fiber orientation along the printing direction and a relatively higher void contents for 7 and 10 wt. % fiber reinforcement.
A Review of OCT Angiography in Glaucoma

There is growing evidence that vascular dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The details of this relationship have remained elusive partially due to limitations in our ability to assess blood flow in the optic nerve. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has emerged as a promising new technology well positioned to become the first clinically suitable test of optic nerve perfusion. OCTA uses the motion of red blood cells as an intrinsic contrast agent to create reproducible images of microvascular networks rapidly and non-invasively. A significant body of research regarding the use of OCTA in glaucoma has emerged in recent years. This review aims to provide an overview of the basic principles underlying OCTA technology, summarize the current literature regarding the application of OCTA in the management of glaucoma, and address the role of OCTA in explicating the vascular pathogenesis of glaucoma.
The ML Data Prep Zoo: Towards Semi-Automatic Data Preparation for ML

Data preparation (prep) time is a major bottleneck for many ML applications. It is often painful grunt work that is handled manually by data scientists, reducing their productivity and raising costs. It is also a roadblock for emerging AutoML platforms. We envision a new line of community-driven research to tackle this bottleneck based on a simple philosophy: use ML to semi-automate data prep for ML. For impactful research on this problem, we believe the major impediment is not new algorithms or theory but rather common task definitions and benchmark labeled datasets. To this end, we formalize a few major data prep tasks for ML over structured data as applied ML tasks. We discuss research challenges in scaling up data labeling, defining accuracy metrics, and creating practical tool support. We present a case study of our progress on a key data prep task: ML schema inference. Finally, we propose a public "zoo" of labeled datasets and pre-trained ML models for data prep tasks to act as a community-led repository for further research on this problem.
Long-term neighborhood ethnic composition and weight-related outcomes among immigrants: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Abstract Weight among immigrants in the United States (US) is lower than among the US-born on average, but higher among long-term immigrants than the newly arrived. Neighborhood coethnic concentration—the proportion of neighborhood residents of the same ethnic background—may influence weight among immigrants via behavioral norms and market-driven community resources. However, the relevant exposure timeframe may be far longer than is captured by existing cross-sectional and short-term studies. Using detailed historical residential address information on 1449 older Latino and Chinese long-term immigrants, we investigated associations of 10–20-year neighborhood coethnic concentration trajectories with current waist circumference and weight-related behaviors (diet, physical activity, and sedentary time). Among Chinese participants, compared to persistent low coethnic concentration, increasing coethnic concentration was associated with higher waist circumference (difference = 1.45 cm [0.51, 2.39]). In contrast, both increasing coethnic concentration and persistent high coethnic concentration were associated with a healthier diet. Among Latino participants, trajectories characterized by higher coethnic concentration were associated with higher waist circumference (e.g., difference = 2.11 cm [0.31, 3.91] for persistent high vs. persistent low) and low physical activity. Long-term patterns of neighborhood coethnic concentration may affect weight-related outcomes among immigrants in complex ways that differ by ethnicity and outcome.
MiR-21 in Substance P-induced exosomes promotes cell proliferation and migration in human colonic epithelial cells

Substance P signaling regulates exosome production in human colonic epithelial cells and colonic crypts in wild-type mice. MiR-21 is selectively sorted into exosomes induced by Substance P stimulat...
SEMS insertion for hilar stricture: Who, when, and why?

Hilar strictures are narrowings at the bifurcation of the right and left hepatic duct and are most commonly caused by malignant etiologies, specifically cholangiocarcinomas. Patients who initially present with hilar strictures should be worked up to rule out malignancy, and if malignancy is suspected, it should be discussed in a multidisciplinary setting to assess whether they are candidates for surgical resection or liver transplant. In potential surgical candidates, the role of preoperative biliary drainage should be individualized based on clinical presentation and timing of surgery. In unresectable hilar strictures, either percutaneous or endoscopic biliary drainage may be performed. Endoscopic biliary drainage can be done with the placement of plastic or self-expanding metal stents, with more recent evidence supporting the use of SEMS. The decision to perform unilateral or bilateral drainage should factor in liver volume, and a goal of draining at least 50% of liver volume should be sought. Methods to insert SEMS include side-by-side insertion and stent-in-stent insertion. Recent advances have allowed easier and more proximal insertion of SEMS. Overall, the clinician should take into account multiple aspects including patient factors, anatomy, etiology, stricture location, and endoscopic familiarity when treating hilar strictures.
“Maybe if they let us tell the story I wouldn’t have gotten suspended”: Understanding Black students’ and parents’ perceptions of school discipline

Abstract While studies confirm educators and administrators suspend Black students from school at disproportionate rates, few have explored Black students’ and their parents’ perceptions of school discipline. Using Critical Race Theory as a framework, I interview thirty Black students and thirty parents of Black students who received an out-of-school suspension from a primarily Black high school (PBHS) in southeast Michigan during the 2016–2017 academic year. My findings suggest Black students and their parents perceive out-of-school suspension as unfair because (a) school officials marginalize their voices throughout the disciplinary process, and (b) students feel school officials target them for out-of-school suspension based on their style of dress, hair, and music preference. My findings also show out-of-school suspension is associated with “Black educational flight,” a process in which parents withdraw their children from PBHSs in response to excessive out-of-school suspension and enroll them in schools that are perceived to be less punitive.
Leveraging Peer Feedback to Improve Visualization Education

Peer review is a widely utilized pedagogical feedback mechanism for engaging students, which has been shown to improve educational outcomes. However, we find limited discussion and empirical measurement of peer review in visualization coursework. In addition to engagement, peer review provides direct and diverse feedback and reinforces recently-learned course concepts through critical evaluation of others’ work. In this paper, we discuss the construction and application of peer review in a computer science visualization course, including: projects that reuse code and visualizations in a feedback-guided, continual improvement process and a peer review rubric to reinforce key course concepts. To measure the effectiveness of the approach, we evaluate student projects, peer review text, and a post-course questionnaire from 3 semesters of mixed undergraduate and graduate courses. The results indicate that course concepts are reinforced with peer review—82% reported learning more because of peer review, and 75% of students recommended continuing it. Finally, we provide a road-map for adapting peer review to other visualization courses to produce more highly engaged students.
Effect of Process Variations in Digital Pixel Circuits on the Accuracy of DNN based Smart Sensor

The digital pixel based image sensors with 3D integrated and pixel-parallel read-out-integrated-circuits (ROIC) show potential for high resolution and high frame rate in many mission critical surveillance applications. However, fixed pattern noise (FPN) caused by process variations of ROIC aggravates the quality of image and further degrades the performance of deep neural network (DNN). This paper studies the effect of process variations in digital pixel circuits and resulting image noise on the accuracy of a DNN. We propose a digital pixel-DNN cross-layer simulation methodology for accurate training and evaluation of DNN under noise induced from process variations. The simulation results show that the process variation in the digital pixel creates distinct noise structure and should be accurately considered while training a DNN. We also present design space explorations using our cross-layer simulation.
Differential Susceptibility of Diverse Salix spp. to Melampsora americana and Melampsora paradoxa.

Melampsora spp. willow rust is the most serious disease of shrub willow bioenergy production in the northeastern United States. Recent phylogenetic studies have identified several Melampsora spp. p...
Induction of pancreatic neoplasia in the KRAS/TP53 Oncopig: preliminary report

Introduction: Five-year survival (all patients) from pancreatic cancer (PC) is in the range of 10%, and has not changed substantially in decades. Current murine models may not adequately mimic human PC, and can be inadequate for device development, which all may contribute to the lack of progress in PC survival. We attempted PC induction in transgenic swine (expressing KRAS and TP53 mutants) with the ultimate goal of creating a more accurate model of PC. Methods: Transgenic Oncopigs (n = 16, malensrrc.missouri.edu; somatic LSL cassette with TP53R167H and KRASG12D) were injected via laparotomy with AdCre (1010 vp/mL) +/- IL-8 (0.5-2 ng; a tumor induction adjunct facilitating adenoviral entry into epithelia and promoting local inflammation) into the main pancreatic duct (MPD; via duodenotomy) or duct to the isolated pancreatic connecting lobe (CL). Subjects were necropsied after ≤10 wk, followed by histology. Results: A total of 16 OCM subjects underwent an induction procedure. Of these, 14 received pancreatic AdCre injection, and nine of these (64%) developed pancreatic tumor (10 if the very first subject which died prematurely is counted). All of these subjects expired within 2-4 weeks after the tumor induction procedure. All had a similar terminal course: failure to thrive, which was secondary to gastric outlet obstruction, which was secondary to a peripancreatic phlegmon, which was secondary to pancreatitis, which appeared to be secondary to tumor. One additional OCM (no. 1088) had a small amount of extrapancreatic tumor at necropsy when it was euthanized for pneumonia at day 113. None of the OCM subjects that underwent a control injection procedure (no AdCre) nor any of the WT littermates that underwent AdCre injection with or without IL-8 developed pancreatitis. Conclusion: This proof of principle study demonstrated that PC can be induced in the Oncopig, which has inducible expression of activated KRAS and inactive p53 under control of a floxed stop codon. However, induced subjects will need to live longer to yield a useable PC model. Addition of IL-8 may have contributed to the severe pancreatitis and early mortality. Future studies will focus on modulation of pancreatitis and optimization of the survival period.
Evaluation of Cost, Workflow, and Safety of Implementing a Vial Transfer Device for Ready-to-Mix Drugs at an Academic Medical Center.

Objective:To evaluate the cost, workflow, and safety of implementing a vial transfer device system.Methods:In this retrospective analysis, pharmacy systems and electronic health record reports iden...
Questions of faith: Religious affiliations and suicidal ideation among sexual minority young adults

Objective To examine how the associations of specific religious affiliations with recent suicidal ideation vary by sexual orientation among young adults. Method This project was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from the 2006 and 2011 surveys of the National Research Consortium of Counseling Centers in Higher Education. The analytic sample was restricted to persons between the ages of 18-29 (n = 40,150). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations of religious affiliations with recent suicidal ideation between heterosexual and sexual minority (e.g., gay, lesbian, bisexual, questioning) young adults. Results Approximately 6.7% of the sample self-identified as sexual minority. Compared to heterosexuals, sexual minorities were more likely to report recent suicidal ideation (aOR = 4.52, 95% CI = 3.97-5.16). Among heterosexuals, Unspecified Christian and Catholic denominations were associated with 24% and 37% reduced odds of recent suicidal ideation compared to agnostic/atheist heterosexuals. However, among sexual minorities, Unspecified Christian and Catholic denominations were associated with 68% and 77% increased odds of recent suicidal ideation compared to agnostic/atheist sexual minorities. Unspecified Christian and Catholic sexual minorities had 184% and 198% increased odds of recent suicidal ideation compared to Unitarian/Universalist sexual minorities. Conclusions Although protective for heterosexuals, religious affiliation may not be globally protective against suicidal ideation among sexual minorities.
Ultranarrow plasmon resonances from annealed nanoparticle lattices.

This paper reports how the spectral linewidths of plasmon resonances can be narrowed down to a few nanometers by optimizing the morphology, surface roughness, and crystallinity of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in two-dimensional (2D) lattices. We developed thermal annealing procedures to achieve ultranarrow surface lattice resonances (SLRs) with full-width at half-maxima linewidths as narrow as 4 nm from arrays of Au, Ag, Al, and Cu NPs. Besides annealing, we developed a chemical vapor deposition process to use Cu NPs as catalytic substrates for graphene growth. Graphene-encapsulated Cu NPs showed the narrowest SLR linewidths (2 nm) and were stable for months. These ultranarrow SLR nanocavity modes supported even narrower lasing emission spectra and high nonlinearity in the input–output light–light curves.
Memristor-Based Variation-Enabled Differentially Private Learning Systems for Edge Computing in IoT

Edge artificial intelligence (AI) achieves real-time local data analysis for IoT systems, enabling low-power and high-speed operation, but comes with privacy-preserving requirements. The memristor-based computing system is a promising solution for edge AI, but it needs a low-cost privacy protection mechanism due to limited resources. In this article, we propose a noise distribution normalization (NDN) method to add Gaussian distributed noise through hardware implementation, thereby achieving differential privacy in edge AI. Instead of using traditional algorithmic noise-insertion methods, we take advantage of inherent cycle-to-cycle variations of memristors during the weight-update process as the noise source, which does not incur extra software or hardware overhead. In one case study, the proposed method realizes ultralow-cost differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD) for edge AI in IoT systems, achieving a 3.5%–15.5% average recognition accuracy improvement under different noise levels, as compared with a baseline mechanism.
Print, authority, and the bills of mortality in seventeenth-century London

The bills of mortality, published by London’s Company of Parish Clerks during the seventeenth century, provided Londoners with epidemiological data to track the plague’s weekly and yearly developme...
A parallel strategy for density functional theory computations on accelerated nodes

Abstract Using the Lowdin orthonormalization of tall-skinny matrices as a proxy-app for wavefunction-based Density Functional Theory solvers, we investigate a distributed memory parallel strategy focusing on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-accelerated nodes as available on some of the top ranked supercomputers at the present time. We present numerical results in the strong limit regime, as it is particularly relevant for First-Principles Molecular Dynamics. We also examine how matrix product-based iterative solvers provide a competitive alternative to dense eigensolvers on GPUs, allowing to push the strong scaling limit of these computations to a larger number of distributed tasks. Our strategy, which relies on replicated Gram matrices and efficient collective communications using the NCCL library, leads to a time-to-solution under 0.5 s for the Lowdin orthonormalization of a tall-skinny matrix of 3000 columns on Summit at Oak Ridge Leadership Facility (OLCF). Given the similarity in computational operations between one iteration of a DFT solver and this proxy-app, this shows the possibility of solving accurately the DFT equations well under a minute for 3000 electronic wave functions, and thus perform First-Principles molecular dynamics of physical systems much larger than traditionally solved on CPU systems.
A Vision for Urban Micromobility

As urban transport technology accelerates, various novel modes of electric-assisted personal transportation are emerging. These create both opportunities and constraints for transportation engineers and urban designers. Our research suggests that it is becoming increasingly clear that traditional road designs and public transportation infrastructures are struggling to accommodate the challenges. Micromobility (MM), including e-bikes, e-scooters, e-skateboards, Segways and hoverboards, is becoming more popular and acceptable by people in the urban environment. Benefits include portability, ease of use, and affordability through shared services. Yet questions abound: How can the increased presence of MM be part of the necessary mixed streaming on urban streets? How can existing infrastructure and spatial allocations be more accommodating of MM, while not unduly disadvantaging other transport forms? Using a case study from the core of Washington, DC, we model the possibilities for adaptable road features that might be implemented for MM based on different traffic loads and infrastructure configurations. We conclude with a brief examination of how micromobility accommodation is poised to leverage urban transformation more broadly, including as it relates to sustainable green infrastructure and stormwater management opportunities.
Structural Health Monitoring System for Ironton–Russell Bridge, Ohio and Kentucky: Phase 1. Substructure Construction

The monitoring of bridge structures during construction has received significant attention in recent years as accelerated construction techniques are being used more frequently. Continuous monitoring systems can verify that quality and safety are maintained during construction by minimizing construction uncertainties and aiding designers to compare the actual behavior of a structure with the design models. Additionally, the behavior of structures in different stages of construction may be important in the definition of abnormal responses (e.g., the loss or reverse of a previously measured dead load) during the life span of a bridge. This paper gives an overview of the monitoring system for substructure construction that was considered for the Ironton–Russell Bridge between Ironton, Ohio, and Russell, Kentucky, during its design and service stages. First, the sensory network of the bridge will be detailed. Second, data processing (which involves two anomaly detection algorithms) and other components of the...
A multicountry comparison of term-structure forecasts at long horizons

Abstract This paper extends previous work on the information in the U.S. term structure at longer maturities to Britain, West Germany, and Switzerland. We find strong evidence that the term structure does have significant ability to forecast changes in inflation, particularly at long maturities. On the other hand, the ability of the term structure to forecast changes in one-year interest rates is somewhat weaker; only at the very longest horizon (five years) is there significant forecasting ability for interest-rate changes.
Stability and Change in Relations Between Personality Traits and the Interpersonal Problems Circumplex During Cognitive Therapy for Recurrent Depression.

Both personality impairment and maladaptive-range traits are necessary for diagnosis in the alternative model of personality disorder. We clarified personality impairment-trait connections using me...
Molecular dynamics of ionic polymer-metal composites

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) constitute a promising class of soft, active materials with potentially ubiquitous use in science and engineering. Realizing the full potential of IPMCs calls...
Understanding the Impact of COVID-19 on Online Mental Health Forums

Like many of the disasters that have preceded it, the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have a profound impact on people’s mental health. Understanding its impact can inform strategies for mitigating ...
An epigenetic rheostat of experience: DNA methylation of OXTR as a mechanism of early life allostasis

Abstract Oxytocin is a neuropeptide hormone which is involved in regulation of social behavior, stress response, muscle contraction, and metabolism. Oxytocin signaling is dependent on its binding to the oxytocin receptor, coded for by the OXTR gene. Many studies have examined the role of epigenetic regulation of OXTR in neurological and behavioral outcomes in both humans and animal models. Here, we review these studies, critically analyze their findings in the context of oxytocin's role as an allostatic hormone, and provide suggestions for future research. We use OXTR as a model for how those in the field of psychoneuroendocrinology should perform epigenetic studies in order to maximize both biological relevance and potential for biomarker development.
Abstract 15993: Does Optical Coherence Tomography Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Reduce Resource Utilization?

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was recently introduced to optimize percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Pre-PCI OCT evaluation may help develop optimal strategy and potentially reduce resource utilization. Aims: To test the hypothesis that OCT-guided PCI, compared to angio-guided PCI, would reduce resource utilization. Methods and Results: A total of 429 PCI cases were selected from the cath lab database: 143 OCT-guided and 286 angio-guided cases. They were matched on propensity score derived from a logistic model determined by clinical and angiographic factors. Resources studied included number of stents, number of balloons, procedure time, contrast volume, and fluoroscopy time. OCT-guided cases had a significant shorter fluoroscopy time compared to angio-guided cases (16.5 vs. 20.5 min, p=0.006), but no significant difference was observed in balloon usage, stent usage, procedure time, or contrast volume. Conclusions: This study failed to demonstrate that OCT-guided PCI reduces resource utilization compared to angio-guided PCI. Investigation of whether OCT-guided PCI improves clinical outcome requires large scale prospective studies. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Need for Uniformity in Statute of Frauds and Suggested Remedy: Recoupment in Realty Transactions

or title company would accept this inchoate mortgagor's conditional lien in consideration for posting its own surety performance bond in behalf of the vendor but payable to the vendee8 6 Such a lien would be within the scope of the Statute of Frauds concerning conveyances 87 and it would be agreed not to be recorded by the conditional mortgagee (escrow-abstract title company) until the time of default. In this way the vendor would be faced with the possible maturing of a is done quite frequently. For related readings, see: Corbin, The Right of a Defaulting Vendee To Restitution of Instalents Paid, 40 YALE L. J. 1013, 1028 et. seq. (1931); Hetland, The California Land Contract, 48 CALF. L. REv. 729 (1960); Kratovil, Forfeitures of Installment Contracts in Illinois, 53 ILL. L. J. 188 (1964) ; Stone, Relief From Forfeitures of Installment Land Contracts, 46 CHI. B. REc. 40 (1964); Comment, 29 Mo. L. REv. 222 (1964); 3 WILLISTON, CONTRACTS 2224, §791 (rev. ed., 1936); 55 AM. JuR., Vendor and Purchaser 919, §525 (1946); Annotation, 31 A.L.R. (2) 1953. Cf. Annotation, 51 A.L.R. 1213 (1927) presenting an interesting discussion concerning the measure of damages or amount of recoupment for delays in completing a structure when a provision for liquidated damages is absent. 80 Steusser v. Ebel, 19 Wis. 2d 591, 598, 120 N.W. 2d 679 (1963). Cf. Supra, footnote 69; and, Fuller and Perdue, The Reliance Interest in Contract Damages, 46 YALE L. 3. 373, 386 et seq. (1937). 81 If this practice were used, many binder contracts could be passed on, as to their validity, by the legal department of the title insurance companies prior to writing the escrow agreement. The defects within them could be cured and the contracts made to comply with the statute of frauds. Thus, it is in this manner that many lawsuits could be avoided. 82 236 S.W. 2d 876 (Tex. Civ. App. 1951). 83 TAx. REv. Civ. STAT. art. 3995 (1963). 84 WIs. STAT. §240.08 (1963). 8 5 Although this suggestion sounds good at first glance, the high cost of such bonds must be borne in mind. Furthermore, in the event of loss, the surety will seek reimbursement in a separate suit of contribution against the vendor. 86 This, on the basic assumption, it is financially large enough to afford to do so. 87 WIs. STAT. §240.06 (1963) : "No estate or interest in lands, other than leases for a term not exceeding one year, nor any trust or power over or concerning lands or in any manner related thereto shall be created, granted, assigned, surrendered or declared unless by act or operation of law or by deed or conveyance in writing, subscribed by the party creating, granting, assigning, surrendering or declaring the same or by his lawful agent thereunto authorized by writing." MARQUETTE LAW REVIEW secured lien on his property should he default on his binder agreement
Early physiological regulation predicts the trajectory of externalizing behaviors across the preschool period

Early assessments of children's physiological functioning are shown to predict subsequentdevelopmental outcomes. However, individual changes that occur in the development ofphysiological systems may be associated with the pattern of change in behavior across time.Thus, we examined change in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an index of physiologicalregulation, as a time-varying predictor in order to assess whether RSA change at ages 3, 4, and 5uniquely influenced the trajectory of externalizing behaviors from age 3 to 5. Results indicatedthat only at age 3 was RSA change significantly associated with decreases in externalizingbehaviors over time. RSA change scores at ages 4 and 5 were unrelated to trajectories ofexternalizing behavior, suggesting that the ability to physiologically regulate by age 3 maycontribute to the development of skills that facilitate more control over behavior throughoutpreschool, and therefore may be more strongly associated with the pattern of change inexternalizing behaviors than later physiological regulation.
Determination of Ultratrace Levels of Mercury in Three SRMs by Combustion RNAA

A radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) combustion method coupled with a neutron exposure normalization technique was used to determine low μg/kg mercury levels in three National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). Two coals (sub-bituminous and bituminous) and a diet material were analyzed. The results obtained provided recommended values of approximately 5 μg/kg for SRM 1548a Typical Diet, 24 μg/kg for SRM 1635 Trace Elements in Coal (sub-bituminous), and 100 μg/kg for SRM 1632b Trace Elements in Coal (bituminous).
TRAIL-mediated enhancement of collagen production by human lung fibroblasts

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF family that induces apoptosis in a variety of transformed cell lines and in normal human hepatocytes in vitro. The expression of TRAIL was found in CD8 T cells that had undergone oligoclonal expansion in the lungs of patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and were able to stimulate collagen production in lung fibroblasts in vitro. Among the family members, TRAIL displays highest homology to CD95 ligand, a receptor of which may not only mediate apoptosis of T cells, but also mediate the proliferation of normal human fibroblasts. Considering structural and functional similarities between TRAIL and CD95 ligand, we examined the effects of soluble TRAIL on normal human lung fibroblasts. Collagen α2(I) mRNA expression was assessed by real-time RT-PCR, with ribosomal protein S9 as an internal standard. Total soluble collagen was measured in culture supernatants using the Sircol Biocolor Assay. Both normalized α2(I) collagen mRNA expression and total soluble collagen secretion were increased upon TRAIL stimulation, with peak response (>5-fold increase) at 10 ng/ml TRAIL. DNA microarray hybridization revealed 78 genes involved in signal transduction, DNA transcription, and tissue remodeling, whose expression level increased, and 8 genes whose expression level decreased >2.5-fold in comparison with quiescent fibroblasts. Augmented expression of a number of genes involved in the TGFβ pathway suggested that TRAIL might induce TGFβ-mediated autocrine and/or paracrine stimulation of fibroblasts. This was confirmed by the ability of anti-TGFβ antibody to inhibit the effects of TRAIL on collagen production by fibroblasts. DNA mobility shift assay also revealed TRAIL-induced increase in protein binding to the collagen promoter that was substantially inhibited by consensus oligonucleotide for Smad3/4, mediators of TGFβ signaling. These data suggest that TRAIL can enhance extracellular matrix synthesis in fibroblasts by triggering TGFβ production, which acts in autocrine manner.
Providing fertility services to lesbian couples: the lesbian baby boom

Thirty to 50% of lesbian women of child-bearing age wish to become parents, and given the current social trends toward same-sex marriage, many will seek to do so with the help of a sperm donor. Although some physicians are hesitant to offer fertility services to nontraditional families such as lesbian couples, the varied concerns that have been expressed about the welfare of the resulting children are not supported by evidence. Treatment of lesbian couples can be incorporated into existing fertility services with minor adjustments that include attention to how the couple are treated within the office, the language used in written materials, and referral to a counseling source that is knowledgeable about lesbian families.
IEEE 1609 Influenced Automatic Identification System (AIS)

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a vessel tracking protocol used by the vast majority of the global maritime community. While AIS is a fantastic tool for preventing vessel collisions, it unfortunately has no built-in security. This project first provides a security vulnerability analysis of the current AIS system. We then propose the outline for a new protocol that addresses these vulnerabilities. This protocol maintains the anti-collision capabilities that AIS was designed to provide, but uses secured communications similar to those proposed in IEEE 1609 combined with a multi-tiered user-level approach to provide greater security. Finally, our proposed protocol is simulated from two perspectives: that of an average user as well as from a network perspective level. In aggregate, the results from these simulations suggest that our protocol keeps the existing usability of AIS while reducing potential security concerns.
Using Real‐World and Standardized Spatial Imagery Tasks: Convergence, Imagery Realism, and Gender Differences

Summary Can realistic spatial scenarios be used to measure spatial mental imagery? Can people accurately evaluate their spatial imagery? Does gender moderate the relationship between performance on realistic spatial imagery tasks and ratings of imagery realism? Forty-two female and 31 male undergraduates first rated the realism of their images after reading spatial scenarios based on actual spatial tasks. In phase 2, they solved closely related spatial scenario problems, and then completed the VZ-2 Paper Folding test. Performance on realistic spatial scenarios predicted performance on the VZ-2. Men's evaluation of their spatial imagery realism predicted their actual spatial performance, but women's did not. More task experience was positively related to more realistic images and higher scores on the VZ-2. These results were generally consistent with those found with more artificial stimulus materials, but also demonstrated the importance of considering gender differences in spatial problem strategy and/or rating scale interpretation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Mechanisms of Memory in Males and Females

Abstract In this chapter, we review differential molecular mechanisms in memory formation in female and male animals. Whereas delineating the receptors, intracellular signaling cascades, transcriptional mechanisms, and de novo protein synthesis required for memory formation has been a focus of research, the vast majority of this work has been solely in males. Evidence suggests, however, that females differ from males in strategies used to execute memory tasks, neural circuits engaged, and mechanisms required for memory formation. We discuss the influences of chromosomal complement and hormonal modulation in driving sex differences in intracellular signaling cascades and gene expression underlying memory processes. Finally, we explore how sex differences in molecular mechanisms of memory might be used as a comparative approach for understanding how different molecular network activation can give rise to the same functional outcome.