cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The binding of salicylate to plasma protein from several animal species

A comparison has been made of the binding of salicylate to plasma from man, green monkey, rabbit, rat, dog, and guinea-pig. Since the total protein content of normal, citrated, pooled plasmas of these species was not identical, comparisons were made with samples adjusted to the same total protein concentration. The % binding to plasmas of 5·3% total protein at 50 μg of drug/ml was found to be: man, 72%; green monkey, 70%; guinea pig, 64%; rabbit, 64%; rat, 47%; dog, 45%. Results for 150 μg and 500 μg of salicylate/ml are also reported. The albumin: globulin ratio as determined by electrophoresis varied widely among the species. Fractionation of the plasmas and comparison of binding, using 3% solutions of the various albumin fractions in buffer, indicated that the low binding of dog and rat plasmas was due primarily to the low binding affinity of the albumins. Adequate characterization of plasma samples is needed when comparative binding studies are made.
Southern Dietary Pattern is Associated With Hazard of Acute Coronary Heart Disease in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study.

Background—The association of overall diet, as characterized by dietary patterns, with risk of incident acute coronary heart disease (CHD) has not been studied extensively in samples including sociodemographic and regional diversity. Methods and Results—We used data from 17 418 participants in Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS), a national, population-based, longitudinal study of white and black adults aged ≥45 years, enrolled from 2003 to 2007. We derived dietary patterns with factor analysis and used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine hazard of incident acute CHD events – nonfatal myocardial infarction and acute CHD death – associated with quartiles of consumption of each pattern, adjusted for various levels of covariates. Five primary dietary patterns emerged: Convenience, Plant-based, Sweets, Southern, and Alcohol and Salad. A total of 536 acute CHD events occurred over a median (interquartile range) 5.8 (2.1) years of follow-up. After adjustment for sociodem...
Relative telomere length and cognitive decline in the Nurses’ Health Study

Abstract Telomeres are short DNA repeats on the ends of mammalian chromosomes, which can undergo incomplete replication leading to gradual shortening with each cell cycle. Age and oxidative stress are contributors to telomere shortening; thus, telomere length may be a composite measure of biologic aging, and a potential predictor of health status in older adults. We evaluated whether relative telomere length (the proportion of telomere repeat copy number to single gene copy number, using a real-time PCR method) predicts cognitive decline measured ten years later among ∼2000 older participants in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS). Mixed linear regression was used to evaluate mean differences in cognitive decline according to telomere length. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that decreasing telomere length was associated with more cognitive decline, although associations were modest (e.g. for a global score, averaging all six tests in our cognitive battery, mean difference = 0.03 standard units per SD increase in telomere length; p = 0.04). The magnitude of these estimates was similar to the differences we find in this cohort for women one year apart in age (e.g. the differences that we observe between women who are 73 versus 74 years of age); thus, our results suggest that telomere length is not a particularly powerful marker of impending cognitive decline.
Ovine placental lactogen stimulates amino acid transport in rat diaphragm.

Ovine placental lactogen. CoFL> stimulated the transport of alpha amino isobutyric acid (AIB) by isolated hemidiaphragms from hypophysectomized and intact fasted weanling rats-. The potency of oPL was equal to that of ovine growth hormone over the range of hormone concentrations tested. At very high concentrations, ovine prolactin caused a relatively small increase in AIB transport, while human’ placental lactogen had no statistically significant effects.. This study demonstrates that muscle’ is a’ target organ for ovine placental lactogen action and suggests that. oPL plays a role in the regulation of amino acid and protein metabolism during pregnancy.
The Effects of Circumferential Wrist Pressure on Reproduction Accuracy of Wrist Placement in Healthy Young and Elderly Adults

Background. The purposeof this study was to determinethe effect of circumferential wrist pressure on reproductionaccu­ racy of wrist placementin healthy young and elderly adults.A conveniencesample of 20 young adults having a mean age of 22.9 years and 20 elderlyadultswith a mean age of 68.2 years participatedin the study. Method. Blindfolded subjectswere asked to actively self-selecta neutral wrist position (reference) and then, when signaled, to activelyreproducethe previouslyselectedposition.Wristjoint reproductionaccuracywas assessedunder four pressurecon­ ditions: no contact, wrist contact, 10 mm Hg, and 20 mm Hg. A single axis dynamic wrist electrogoniometermeasured three dependentvariables: absolute,constant,and variableerrors.Data were analyzed by meansof multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for repeatedmeasures. Results. No significant differencesin reproductionaccuracy under the four pressureconditionsfor young or elderly adults were found. Conclusions. Healthy young and elderly adults may utilize existing intrinsic feedback and central control mechanismsto achieve accuracy during a reproduction task. Some subjects in both age groups who entered into the study with high error scoresbenefitedfrom circumferential pressureby possiblyrelyingon peripheral mechanisms. Further studiesare neededto de­ tennine the effectof circumferential pressureon subjects withpoor reproductionperformance.
Fatty acids modulate lecithin:Cholesterol acyltransferase secretion independently of effects on triglyceride secretion in primary rat hepatocytes

The regulation of plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) expression is not well understood. Although oleic acid increases both the secretion of triglycerides and LCAT by primary rat hepatocytes, the effect of other fatty acids (FA) on LCAT secretion is not known. This study was designed to examine the effect of FA on the hepatic secretion of LCAT, triglyceride and apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1). Primary rat hepatocytes were incubated with serum-free medium, supplemented with individual FA (0-1 mmol/L) for 22-24 h. Preliminary studies indicated a linear secretion of LCAT up to 24 h in both control and FA-treated cells. When hepatocytes were incubated with 1 mmol/L FA, the LCAT secretion increased 50-100% (P < 0.01) in the presence of the 18-carbon FA (stearic, oleic, elaidic and linoleic acids), whereas the presence of butyric, lauric and palmitic acids had no significant effect. LCAT secretion decreased (P < 0.01) in the presence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). All FA (except DHA) significantly enhanced triglyceride secretion; however, only the 18 carbon FA significantly stimulated the synthesis and secretion of apoA-1 and secretion of LCAT. The secretion of LCAT correlated with apoA-1 secretion (r = 0.88, P = 0.004) but not with triglyceride secretion (r = 0.55, P = 0.12). Treatment with oleic acid resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in hepatocyte LCAT mRNA accumulation, whereas butyrate and palmitate had no effect. These data indicate that FA that promote the apparent synthesis and secretion of apoA-1 also stimulate the secretion of LCAT in vitro, suggesting a coordinate regulatory mechanism for apoA-1 and LCAT expression.
Incorporating Security Requirements Engineering into the Dynamic Systems Development Method

This paper provides a roadmap for addressing security requirements on projects using an agile approach. The Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) is used as an example framework for development. Security quality requirements engineering (SQUARE) is used as an example methodology to address security issues early in the development life cycle. SQUARE can be more effective when it fits into an organization's existing development process. Hence this paper describes a way to fit the SQUARE methodology into the DSDM framework.
Performance analysis of fault detection systems based on analytically redundant linear time-invariant dynamics

In the aircraft industry, it is common to use physically redundant components to ensure that the overall system meets the necessary safety requirements. For systems where physical redundancy is impractical (e.g, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), analytical redundancy can be used to reduce the number of components needed. However, it is more difficult to certify the safety of an analytically redundant system. This paper presents a performance analysis framework that applies to both physically and analytically redundant sensor systems with linear time-invariant dynamics and additive faults. The framework is used to compare and certify the performance of two air-data sensor examples—one with physically redundant altitude sensors, and another that exploits the analytical relationship between altitude, airspeed, and flight path angle. In both examples, a threshold fault detection scheme is used.
A Student Evaluation of Molecular Modeling in First Year College Chemistry

This three-year study involved an evaluation of molecular modeling by students in first year college chemistry. The molecular modeling program utilized was Spartan (Wavefunction, Inc., Irvine, California) on a UNIX-based platform with Silicon Graphics Indigo series workstations. A treatment group of 129 students visited a computer room four times during the semester for two-hour sessions. They completed exercises on periodic trends in atoms, structure of molecules, electronic structure of molecules such as MO and valence bond theory, and properties of organic molecules. The students were required to complete an evaluation of the molecular modeling computer experience at the end of the semester regarding aspects such as: effectiveness, integration with course content, interest, benefit, and advantages and disadvantages. Also obtained through the evaluation were students’ opinions regarding the helpfulness of the molecular modeling computer experience for 3-D visualization of atomic and molecular structure and whether their understanding of atomic and molecular structure was enhanced. The first two years of the study constituted a pilot study and data for this study were obtained in the third year. Though the specifics are not reported here, quantitatively the achievement of the treatment and non-treatment groups was also assessed. There was a significant difference in achievement on the Final Exam of the semester (p 0.0067) between the treatment and non-treatment groups on multiple choice questions pertaining to concepts of resonance, dipole moment, and atomic/molecular stoichiometry.
Use-Dependent Exaggeration of Neuronal Injury after Unilateral Sensorimotor Cortex Lesions

Unilateral injury to the forelimb representation area of the sensorimotor cortex (FL-SMC) in adult rats causes over-reliance on the unimpaired forelimb for postural-motor movements, as well as overgrowth of layer V pyramidal cell dendrites in the homotopic cortex of the noninjured hemisphere. The overgrowth appears to be use-dependent because it can be prevented by restricting movements of the unimpaired forelimb. Additionally, restricting the unimpaired forelimb in animals with FL-SMC damage results in significantly greater behavioral dysfunction when examined 2 d after cast removal (compared to that after impaired-limb immobilization, or no limb immobilization). In the present study, the long-term behavioral and anatomical effects of limb immobilization were examined. Animals with FL-SMC lesions were fitted with casts immediately after the lesion that immobilized the impaired forelimb, the unimpaired forelimb, or neither forelimb for 15 d. Immobilization of the nonimpaired forelimb resulted in chronic prevention of dendritic growth and severe and chronic behavioral deficits. In addition, immobilization of the nonimpaired forelimb resulted in a dramatic exaggeration of the neuronal injury, presumably attributable to forced overuse of the impaired limb. Immobilization of the impaired forelimb resulted in no detectable neural changes and in only slightly increased and longer-lasting behavioral asymmetries (compared to nonimmobilized, lesioned animals), presumably attributable to mild disuse of the impaired limb. Immobilization of a single forelimb in nonlesioned rats resulted in no significant behavioral or anatomical changes. Together, these results suggest that although behavioral experience can enhance neural growth after brain injury, the region surrounding the injury may be vulnerable to behavioral pressure during the early postlesion period.
Initial Treatment of Patients Who Present with Liver Disease

You may recall from Chapter 2 (p. 16) that approximately 40% of the patients present clinically with liver disease. As we also discussed in that chapter (pp. 16–21), the liver disease presentation falls into three types: hepatic failure, hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Here, we will discuss the “initial treatment” of these types of patients. My working definition of initial treatment is that period of time when the patient is still undergoing, or is at least at high risk for undergoing, additional copper toxicity. Once the copper levels are reduced below toxic thresholds, the patient is then in the “maintenance treatment” phase (discussed in Chapter 8). The length of the initial treatment period depends upon the drug being used. With zinc therapy alone, it may be as long as six months. With trientine or penicillamine used individually for the initial treatment of hepatic disease, it is about four months.
Understanding the Link Between Spatial Distance and Social Distance

Why do people use spatial language to describe social relationships? In particular, to what extent do they anchor their thoughts about friendship in terms of space? Three experiments used drawing and estimation tasks to further explore the conceptual structure of social distance using friendship as a manipulation. In all three experiments, participants read short narratives and then drew what they imagined happened during the narrative and estimated passing time. Overall, the results of these exploratory studies suggest that the conceptual structure of friendship is linked to thought about space in terms of path drawing. Results are discussed in light of social distance and intercharacter interaction.
Antisense suppression of transferrin receptor gene expression in a human hepatoma cell (HuH-7) line.

A recombinant plasmid carrying human transferrin receptor cDNA in reverse orientation downstream from the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter/enhancer element was introduced into the HuH-7 human hepatoma cell line by lipofection. Cell surface transferrin binding and iron uptake from transferrin each decreased by about 50% in stable transfectants bearing integrated antisense DNA expression vector. Northern blot analysis indicated that the abundance of target transferrin receptor message was not altered by antisense RNA. These results suggest that the antisense transcript interferes with expression of the endogenous transferrin receptor gene at the level of translation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Curse of Free-Will and the Paradox of Inevitable Regret

T he paradox described below aims to clarify the principles by which empirical data is harnessed to guide decision making. It is motivated by the practical question of whether empirical assessments of the Effect of Treatment on the Treated (ETT) can be useful for either policy evaluation or personal decisions. The Experiment A study was conducted to determine which of two schools, A o r B, has a more effective educational program. 200 randomly selected students underwent a randomized trial and were randomly assigned to the two schools, 100 to each. Another group of 200 (randomly selected) students were allowed to choose schools on their own; 100 selected A and 100 B. After a year of study, students were tested in a uniform, state run exam, and data showed the following: 100% of the A-choosing students failed the state exam 100% of the B-choosing students failed the state exam 50% of the A-randomized students failed the state exam 50% of the B-randomized students failed the state exam It appears that, when given a choice, students tend to pick the school that is worse for them, which is strange but explainable. Suppose school A deemphasized math and B deemphasized history, while the state exam demands proficiency in both math and history. � This research was supported in parts by NIH grant #1R01 LM009961-01, NSF grant #IIS-0914211, and
Enhancement of oxygen transfer in Hybridoma cell culture by using a perfluorocarbon as an oxygen carrier

In order to increase the oxygen transfer in a bioreactor for Hybridoma cell culture, a perfluorocarbon, FlutecR ppll was used in a modified CelligenTM system. There was no harmful effect of ppll on the cell growth and on the production of monoclonal antibody.
Incarcerated Black Women in the Southern USA: A Narrative Review of STI and HIV Risk and Implications for Future Public Health Research, Practice, and Policy

Incarcerated black women in the southern USA are understudied despite the high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These incarceration and health disparities are rooted in centuries of historically inequitable treatment. Amidst the current dialogue on mass incarceration in the south and its relationship to the health of the black community, individual and environmental risk factors for STI/HIV transmission are seldom paired with discussions of evidence-based solutions. A narrative review of the literature from January 1995 to May 2015 was conducted. This sample of the literature (n = 18) revealed that partner concurrency, inconsistent condom use, sex work, previous STI, and drug abuse augmented individual STI/HIV risk. Recommended interventions include those which promote healthier relationships, cultural competence, and gender specificity, as well as those that enhance prevention skills. Policy recommendations include improving cultural sensitivity, cultural competence, and cultural humility training for clinicians, as well as substantially increasing funding for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitative services. These recommendations are timely given the recent national attention to incarceration, STI, and HIV disparities, particularly in the southern USA.
The effect of RGD peptide on 2D and miniaturized 3D culture of HEPM cells, MSCs, and ADSCs with alginate hydrogel.

Advancements in tissue engineering require the development of new technologies to study cell behavior in vitro. This study focuses on stem cell behavior within various miniaturized three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions of alginate biomaterials modified with the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide known for its role in cell adhesion/attachment. Human embryonic palatal mesenchyme (HEPM) cells, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and human adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) were cultured on a flat hydrogel of different concentrations of alginate-RGD, and in the miniaturized 3D core of microcapsules with either a 2% alginate or 2% alginate-RGD shell. The core was made of 0, 0.5, or 2% alginate-RGD. Cell spreading was observed in all systems containing the RGD peptide, and the cell morphology was quantified by measuring the cell surface area and circularity. For all types of stem cells, there was a significant increase in the cell surface area (p < 0.05) and a significant decrease in cell circularity (p < 0.01) in alginate-RGD conditions, indicating that cells spread much more readily in environments containing the peptide. This control over the cell spreading within a 3D microenvironment can help to create the ideal biomimetic condition for conducting further studies on cell behavior.
Effects of solar and geomagnetic activities on the zonal drift of equatorial plasma bubbles

Equatorial plasma bubbles are mostly generated in the postsunset sector and then move in the zonal direction. Plasma bubbles can last for several hours and move over hundreds of kilometers (even more than 1000 km). In this study, we use measurements of ion density by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite to determine the orbit-averaged drift velocity of plasma bubbles. The objective of the study is to identify the dependence of the bubble drift on the solar radio flux and geomagnetic activities. In total, 5463 drift velocities are derived over May 2008 to April 2014, and a statistical analysis is performed. The average pattern of the bubble drift is in good agreement with the zonal drift of the equatorial F region plasma. The zonal drift velocity of plasma bubbles increases with the solar radio flux. However, the increase shows different features at different local times. Geomagnetic activities cause a decrease of the eastward drift velocity of plasma bubbles, equivalent to the occurrence of a westward drift, through disturbance dynamo process. In particular, the decrease of the eastward drift velocity appears to become accelerated when the Dst index is smaller than −60 nT or Kp is larger than 4.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE TYPE SPECIMENS OF SOME SPECIES OF ACROCHAETIUM (RHODOPHYCEAE)

The small, mostly microscopic red algae that are known as Acrochaetium (Nemalionales) have recently assumed a new importance since some of the species are being recognized, or suspected, as being alternate phases in the life cycle of macroscopic algae. Culture studies by von Stosch (1965), and Umezaki (1967) have shown unmistakable Acrochaetium-like thalli as phases in the life cycle of species of Liagora and Nemalion (Nemalionaceae), and West (1968) has made under culture conditions, an analysis of growth forms of Acrochaetium pectinatum. Von Stosch and Umezaki have been very careful not to associate their Acrochaetium-like thalli with any known species of Acrochaetium, but it is clear that continued studies of these kinds, supplemented by studies similar to those of West, will soon force matching of descriptions and names of taxa. Since most species of Acrochaetium are of relatively recent date, compared to most macroscopic algae, it is not anticipated that a large amount of nomenclatural confusion will be resulting. However, it becomes necessary for the more classically oriented taxonomist to be exceedingly critical of the large number of known species of Acrochaetium, and to try to define them in order to make the future problems easier. This paper is a step in that direction. Its purpose is to clarify the names that have been used for three species of Acrochaetium, A. liagorae, A. barbadense, and A. laxum, which are widely distributed and known to grow in Liagora. Acrochaetium liagorae Borgesen (1915) Chantransia liagorae Borgesen (1915)), not Chantransia liagorae Weber van Bosse (1914) Acrochaetium collinsianum Borgesen (1920)
Wind Turbine Control Design to Reduce Capital Costs

This research seeks to determine the most important loads cases for control design. Wind turbines experience both fatigue and extreme loads. By analyzing multiple design-load-cases the crucial loads can be determined. Advanced controllers can then be designed to mitigate these cases. The advance in controls design means components can be chosen that are less expensive thus reducing the capital costs of wind turbines. The preliminary case-by-case loads analysis performed in this research will help guide future controls research.
SPERM COMPETITION, MALE FITNESS, AND REPEATED MATING BY FEMALE DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

Females of many insect species store large numbers of sperm after mating, and mate numerous times, sometimes before sperm already stored is exhausted. The coincidence of these events results in sexual selection on males. Adaptations of a male which increase the probability that his sperm, and not the sperm of some other male, is used by a female to inseminate her eggs will be favored by selection. Such adaptations may include behavioral and physiological characteristics of the male as well as competitive properties of the sperm itself. Examples of such adaptations include 1) preand postcopulatory guarding behavior, 2) mating plugs, 3) chemical or physical characteristics of the ejaculate which reduce receptivity to remating, 4) sperm displacement (i.e. the replacement at a subsequent mating of the stored sperm of a previous mating), which could be effected either by the male during copulation or by some competitive aspect of the ejaculate, and 5) sperm precedence (i.e. nonrandom use). Parker (1970), in his stimulating review of this subject, has used the term "sperm competition" to describe the selection pressures operating on males to produce these adaptations. Note that adaptations arising in response to these pressures are not restricted in their mode of operation to properties of the sperm, per se, but can involve any feature of reproductive biology affecting sperm transfer or use. Studies of adaptations for sperm competition in Drosophila have focused on sperm displacement and, to a lesser extent, sperm precedence and the effect of
Clinical Study on the Effects of Quality Training on Nurses in Obstetric Department

Objective To discuss the effects of quality training on nurses in obstetric department. Method Selected 106 nurses from obstetric department in our hospital as the research object and conducted quality training on them to improve the overall quality of nurses. Results After quality training, patient satisfaction(82.36%), the validity of illness observation(68.87%), the rate of taking medicine on time(92.45%) and the success rate of rescuing patients(85.85%) were significantly higher than before(59.43%),(50.94%),(67.92%),(72.64%) with statistical differences(P 0.05). After training, the excellent and good rate of nursing efficacy was 94.34%(100/106), significantly higher than before 78.30%(83/106) with statistical difference(P 0.05). Conclusion After nurse specialist quality training, service level, working efficiency, patient satisfaction and nursing efficacy of obstetric nurses were significantly improved. It is worth clinical promotion.
Stress grading in extruded cables

In a composite dielectric under ac voltages, the electric stress distribution is governed by the values of the dielectric constants of individual components. This concept, termed "grading" has been used in the past to grade the stress distribution in order to obtain the maximum economic utilization of the entire body of the insulation in a number of applications, e.g. cables, bushings.
Sanitary management of secondary water-supplying for the high-rise buildings in Beijing railway region

[Objective]To make a comprehensive understanding of the situation of secondary water-supplying for the high-rise buildings in Beijing railway region. [Methods]A self-designed questionnaire was adopted to perform field survey. The monitoring records about drinking water situation of 2012 were checked for the related data collection.[Results]There were 114 water-supplying facilities in Beijing Railway Region in total,76 without negative pressure,and 38 with tanks. Twenty two railway units and 7 companies were responsible for the daily control. As for the management of files about secondary water-supplying,21 were lack of the information of related laws and regulations,23 were lack of the design information of water-supplying project,15 were lack of the survey report of water quality,25 were lack of records of personnel training of hygiene. The qualified rate of the preventive health supervision,the daily control in water pumping houses,and the sanitary conditions in water-supplying with tanks was 18. 42%,60. 53% and 75. 00%,respectively which were significantly different from those of the water-supplying without negative pressure( P 0. 01). As for the design and management of tanks,the qualified rate of protective nets for water overflows was 66. 67%,the qualified rate of the distance from tanks to side-wall and the distance from tanks to top wall was 75. 00% and 77. 78%,respectively,that of the records of renewing ultra-violet tubes and the records of disinfecting and cleaning tanks was 25. 71% and 31. 58%.[Conclusion]The administrative units are seriously lack of the files about secondary water-supplying,and there are obvious problems in the management of water-supplying in tanks. Therefore,both of the management of files about secondary water-supplying and the control of water-supplying tanks should be enforced.
Unsteady Drag Measurements for Hypersonic Shock Tunnel

The development of force and moment measurement techniques in shock tunnels is almost as old as the development of such facilities, for example, see [1] for a comprehensive summary of early developments. Of particular concern is the short, quasi-steady test duration which is still being addressed such as through improved design and data processing techniques.
Joint capacity planning and operational management for sustainable data centers and demand response

Reducing costs plays a crucial role in building and operating data centers. Internet service providers such as Facebook and Google spend billions of dollars on capacity expansion and operations of their global data centers. Traditionally, capacity planning for data centers is done separately from operational management, which incurs inefficiency. In fact, operational management has significant impacts on capacity planning. Motivated by this gap, we propose a framework that jointly optimizes both capacity planning and operational management for sustainable data centers and data centers participating in demand response programs. Numerical results based on real-world cases highlight that the proposed framework remarkably reduces up to 50% of total expenditures and 75% of greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional methods. Additionally, our results show that participations in various demand response programs result in vastly different capacity planning decisions and lead to emission reductions of up to 60%.
Absence of Size Effect in Brittle Crushing and Breakthrough Loads of Floating Ice Sheets

When the failure of a material depends on strength and fracture, a transition in failure mode from ductile to brittle leads to a reduction in nominal strength or force with an increase in size. For continuous brittle crushing of ice sheets against vertical structures, and for breakthrough loads of floating ice sheets, we did not find any change in the nominal strength or nominal force with an increase in ice thickness because there is no change in failure mode with an increase in size. We present data from small-scale tests and full-scale measurements to show the absence of a size effect.
Kid first divorce treatment program: a facilitator’s guide for group work with children, by J. D. Jewell

Rooted in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy techniques, Jeremy D. Jewell provides a structure and framework for a highly needed group-work topic. I was excited to read from these three works that focus ...
For a Mindful Anthropology

Mindful anthropology brings together theory and description. Thus, whatever theory we adopt should apply cogently to the data rather than being foisted fashionably on it. It is based on engagement with the data, and a raising of consciousness about it. We must not allow theory to become a straitjacket or a dogma. As new theories come up, practitioners should not reify them. A mindful anthropology remains open-ended in its views of theories, and is open to new twists of analysis. Mindfulness maps well onto embodiment theory as well as phenomenology, and depends always on detail. Mindful anthropology promotes creativity and thoughtful analysis, focusing on people and their actions. Mindful anthropology is not a rigid form of theory but an orientation towards all forms of theorizing and analysis.
Spectrum-per-pixel cathodoluminescence imaging of CdTe thin-film bevels

We conduct T=6 K cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrum imaging with a nano-scale electron beam on beveled surfaces of CdTe thin-films at different critical stages of standard CdTe device fabrication. The through-thickness total CL intensity profiles are consistent with a reduction in grain boundary recombination due to the CdCl 2 treatment. Color-coded maps of the low-temperature luminescence transition energies reveal that CdTe thin films have remarkably non-uniform opto-electronic properties, which depend strongly on sample processing history. The grain-to-grain S content in the interdiffused CdTe/CdS region is estimated from a sample size of thirty-five grains, and the S content in adjacent grains varies significantly in CdCl 2 -treated samples. A low-temperature luminescence model is developed to interpret spectral behavior at grain boundaries and grain interiors.
Sex Differences in the Perceived Appropriateness of Receiving Verbal Aggression

This study predicted that (a) male recipients evaluate aggressive messages as more appropriate than female recipients, and (b) the magnitude of this difference varies as a function of contextual parameters. A total of 249 college-aged students responded to hypothetical scenarios to evaluate the influence of sex of the message recipient, sex of the message source, relationship type, and privacy level of the communication setting on recipients’ evaluations of appropriateness of aggressive communication. Results indicated that male recipients evaluate aggressive messages as more appropriate than female recipients, and this main effect was moderated by sex of the message source, relationship type, and privacy level. The discussion highlights the subjective experience of aggression for male and female recipients.
The CXCR4 Antagonist, AMD3100, Inhibits AML Transmigratory Activity but Does Not Alter Blast Proliferation or Survival.

Abstract Stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1α) and its receptor, CXCR4 play a role in the trafficking of CD34+ cells. AMD3100, a selective CXCR4 antagonist, can mobilize hematopoietic progenitors from marrow to peripheral blood in healthy human volunteers and in patients with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Flomenberg et al, Blood 102, 39a, 2003). Overexpression of CXCR4 on human CD34+ progenitors increases their proliferation and NOD/SCID repopulating capacity (Kahn et al. Blood 103:2942, 2004). Since CXCR4 has been found to regulate the migration and development of AML stem cells in NOD/SCID mice, we studied the effect of AMD3100 on AML cells from the standpoint of proliferation and in vitro transendothelial transmigration utilizing a transwell system. AMD3100 (from AnorMED, Inc.), at concentrations from 0.1 to 1.0 ng/ml did not affect the viability or porliferation of purified AML blasts (n=4). AMD3100 did not influence the adherence of AML blasts to endothelial monolayers. In the presence of 0.1 to 1 ng/ml AMD-3100, the transmigration of normal CD34+ cells stimulated by 100 ng/ml SDF-1α through a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayer was completely inhibited. Likewise, the transmigration of AML blasts through HUVECs was not altered by AMD3100 exposure, but the SDF-1α mediated transmigration was inhibited by AMD3100 from 0.1 to 1 ng/ml. The same effect was noted with AML transmigration through marrow stromal layers. The increase in transmigration through endothelial cells stimulated with G-CSF was not inhibited by AMD3100 whereas the transmigration stimulated by interleukin-8 was inhibited. When AMD3100 was placed in the bottom of the migration chamber, no independent effects on AML transmigration were noted. Co-culture of AML blasts with stromal monolayers protected blasts from apoptosis. This protection was not altered by SDF-1α, AMD3100, nor by the combination. These in vitro results demonstrate that AMD3100 can influence the migratory capacity of AML cells but has no direct effects on their proliferation or survival. Further in vitro and in vivo studies will be required to elucidate the role that this unique chemokine antagonist has in the mobilization potential of AML blasts or progenitors or in the interactions of AML cells with their microenvironment. Such studies have implications for AML autografting and AML blast interactions with extramedullary endothelial cells.
Education with intent—The HBCU experience

For over 150 years historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have focused on education as a vehicle for addressing racial and other inequities in society. We have not wavered from this a...
"Long-braided Lolitas," or Teaching Undergraduate Music History in a Study Abroad Context

This article describes a music history course entitled “Rites of Spring: Paris, the Ballets Russes, and the Arts of Modernism,” which used an interdisciplinary study abroad model for teaching and sought to address both musicological and pedagogical challenges. The course itself centered on Sergei Diaghilev’s original ballet company (1909-1929) and the ways in which the troupe mirrored the aesthetic and socio-political currents of the early twentieth century. Taking students to Paris and London, the course used the Ballets Russes as a paradigm for exploring those currents in their historical and physical context. In describing “Rites of Spring,” we hope to illustrate how diverse approaches to pedagogy can foster new encounters with music history for undergraduate students and lead to direct, experiential, and individualized modes of teaching and learning.
DNA methylation in the central and efferent limbs of the chemoreflex requires carotid body neural activity.

Long-term exposure to intermittent hypoxia (LT-IH; 30 days), simulating blood O2 profiles during sleep apnea, has been shown to repress anti-oxidant enzyme (AOE) gene expression by DNA methylation in the carotid body (CB) reflex pathway, resulting in persistent elevation of plasma catecholamine levels and blood pressure. The present study examined the mechanisms by which LT-IH induces DNA methylation. Adult rats exposed to LT-IH showed elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the CB, nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS) and rostroventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and adrenal medulla (AM), which represent the central and efferent limbs of the CB reflex, respectively. ROS scavenger treatment during the first ten days of IH exposure prevented ROS accumulation, blocked DNA methylation, and normalized AOE gene expression, suggesting that ROS generated during the early stages of IH activate DNA methylation. CB ablation prevented the ROS accumulation, normalized AOE gene expression in the nTS, RVLM, and AM and blocked DNA methylation, suggesting that LT-IH-induced DNA methylation in the central and efferent limbs of the CB reflex is indirect and requires CB neural activity. LT-IH increased DNA methyl transferase (Dnmt) activity through upregulation of Dnmt1 and 3b protein expression due to ROS-dependent inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) by protein kinase B (Akt). Treating rats with the pan-Akt inhibitor GSK690693 blocked the induction of Dnmt activity, Dnmt protein expression, and DNA methylation, leading to normalization of AOE gene expression as well as plasma catecholamine levels and blood pressure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Near-room temperature electrical control of spin and valley Hall effect in monolayer WSe 2 transistors for spintronic applications

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials have exciting potential for applications in spintronics. Due to the monolayer geometry and strong spin-orbit coupling, they are predicted to have a coupled spin and valley Hall effect (SVHE), where valley-polarized conduction carriers have opposite spin [1, 2, 3]. This could provide a valley-preserved spin Hall effect for switching future magnetic memories. WSe2 is an attractive 2D material in this context because of its large valence band spin splitting. Lifetimes of spin and valley polarized carriers in monolayer WSe 2 have been measured from 0.7 ns to 1 μs at 10 K [4, 5, 6]. Such long lifetimes combined with reasonable mobilities lead to spin-valley accumulation that can be imaged via the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). For use in applications, it is necessary to electrically control the SVHE and push it towards room temperature.
New Electronically Conducting Polymers

New conducting polyanilines consisting of alternating p-phenylenediamines with fluorene, biphenyl (benzidine), 4,4-diamino-E-stilbene or pyrene were prepared by an efficient polycondensation reaction. These materials show the typical pH-dependent properties of polyaniline. The fluorene and benzidine polymers are produced in their “leuco” (fully reduced form) and are Bronsted base dopable. The structure and properties of polyaniline were fully confirmed via the preparation of a completely characterized octamer.
Support minimized limited view CT using a priori data

This paper reports progress in work on CT reconstruction of incomplete X-ray (Radon) projection sets in situations where explicit object geometry and composition information is available. Previous work on this problem, reported in [1,2,3], addressed two major issues: 1.) appropriate compensation for missing projection data regarding flaws for which no explicit a priori data is available, and 2.) the scaling and geometric registration of explicit a priori component data. The first of these issues is addressed by restricting interest to the reconstruction of flaws which have high-contrast (high S/N) discontinuous boundaries. This restriction focuses attention on problems such as the inspection of monolithic material struc- tural components for cracks, porosity, inclusions, or dimensional abnormalities. It tends to exclude applications such as the imaging of slight density variations, or the imaging of diffuse boundary structures, such as might be encountered in medical applications. It was noted in the first year of this project that when reconstructing projection data from a compact support discontinuous boundary object, removal of a number of projections invariably increased the “size” of the reconstruction (i.e. increased the number of pixels above noise). This suggested that rather than setting the missing projection values to zero (12 norm minimization), it might be desirable to interpolate the missing projections such that the reconstructed object has a minimum size, i.e. minimum support. In a majority cases studied, this approach yields quite reasonable reconstructions of the object geometry, even in extreme cases where half the projection data is missing. When discrepancies between the true object and the reconstruction are significant due to extremely limited data, it was observed that support minimized reconstructions tend to be more intelligible than those of other methods, due to the straight-forward visual interpretation of the support minimized reconstruction.
The Continuing Struggle for Social Justice for Children

This opening chapter explores the complexities of addressing the rights and needs of children in America. Although this is a powerful and wealthy nation, all children do not have access to basic protections such as child care and income maintenance that ensure their developmental needs. In the absence of entitlements, minimal supports that are extended are frequently viewed as a “handout” to children whose parents are incompetent or have unacceptable lifestyles. America is the only nation in the world that has not ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Once ratified, leaders and advocates will have stronger support for the creation of protections and entitlements for all American children. Within this context, America can also begin to aggressively address the basic causes of poverty and joblessness, which are more rooted in the organization of a society than the failings of individuals. The chapter closes with an introduction to the organization of the book and the topics related to children and social justice that are explored by the book authors.
The Incremental Value of Magnetic Resonance Neurography for the Neurosurgeon: Review of the Literature.

Introduction Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) is a newer imaging technique that is increasingly used for detailed visualization of peripheral nerves not reliably achieved with conventional imaging modalities. Although MRN has been previously characterized in the literature, few studies have assessed its utility to neurosurgery, where there is potentially substantial impact particularly with preoperative assessment. In this article, we performed a retrospective review of cases in which MRN was used for clinical evaluation and surgical decision making. Methods MRN, clinical assessment, and operative decision making were retrospectively assessed in 206 consecutive patients at our institution between 2015 and 2018. Results MRN was determined to lead to a change in diagnosis or surgical decision making in 44 patients (21.4%: 27 female, 17 male). These were classified into 6 major diagnostic categories: trauma, postsurgical evaluation, compressive/degenerative conditions, tumors, neuritis/inflammation, and other neurogenic lesions. Nine representative cases were selected from these categories to highlight the range of neurosurgical pathologies in which MRN was useful in diagnostic assessment and surgical decision making. Conclusions MRN is an underused resource with great potential value in the diagnoses, surgical planning, and postoperative assessment of various neurosurgical conditions. These present incremental utility to the neurosurgeon as well as socioeconomic benefit in the detection of potentially surgically treatable lesions.
Lithiation-Aided Conversion of End-of-Life Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes to High-Quality Graphene and Graphene Oxide

In the past two decades, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have transformed the appearance of the world. Along with the ever-increasing production and usage are the tremendous number of retired batteries, which have created social and environmental issues, making battery recycling an urgent task. Graphene has exhibited outstanding electronic and mechanical properties but it is still difficult to fabricate high-quality graphene with feasible procedures at low cost. Here, a strategy of smartly converting retired Li-ion battery anodes to graphene and graphene oxide is proposed. The graphite powders collected from end-of-life Li-ion batteries exhibited irregular expansion because of the lithium-ion intercalation and deintercalation in the anodegraphite during battery charge/discharge. Such prefabrication process facilitated both chemical and physical exfoliations of the graphite. Comparing with the graphene oxide derived from pristine, untreated graphite, the graphene oxide from anodegraphite exhibited superlati...
A Tale of Two Deltas: Labour Politics in Jiangsu and Guangdong

This article examines the sources of variation in Chinese workplace governance between otherwise similar parts of the country. Jiangsu's portion of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Guangdong's portion of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) are both booming export hubs with large numbers of migrant workers. Yet, in the former region, authorities manage conflict with orthodoxy and coaxing; in the latter, with experimentation and coercion. Using interviews and government yearbooks, the article conceives of the YRD and PRD as ‘regional fields’ within the broader ‘field’ of Chinese labour politics. Greater worker militancy and organization is pushing the PRD field off‐balance, yielding more innovative but brutal policies. Although it has become common to explain governance in China from an elite perspective, grassroots contention is thus key. Bottom‐up pressures generate top‐down policy. This, the author contends, is true even under Xi Jinping.
Effect of Interlayer Co2+ on Structure and Charge Transfer in NiFe Layered Double Hydroxides

The intercalation of Co in NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDH) significantly improves the electrocatalytic performance of the LDH for the oxygen evolution reaction. The mechanism behind the improv...
From Classroom to Learning Community: One Professor's Reflections

When a faculty member decides to take the plunge and enter the world of learning communities, what changes? Everything, says the author.