cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forming limit prediction using a self-consistent crystal plasticity framework: a case study for body-centered cubic materials.

A rate-dependent self-consistent crystal plasticity model was incorporated with the Marciniak–Kuczynski model in order to study the effects of anisotropy on the forming limits of BCC materials. The computational speed of the model was improved by a factor of 24 when running the simulations for several strain paths in parallel. This speed-up enabled a comprehensive investigation of the forming limits of various BCC textures, such as , , , and fibers and a uniform (random) texture. These simulations demonstrate that the crystallographic texture has significant (both positive and negative) effects on the resulting forming limit diagrams. For example, the fiber texture, which is often sought through thermo-mechanical processing due to a high r-value, had the highest forming limit in the balanced biaxial strain path but the lowest forming limit under the plane strain path among the textures under consideration. A systematic investigation based on the results produced by the current model, referred to as 'VPSC-FLD', suggests that the r-value does not serve as a good measure of forming limit strain. However, model predictions show a degree of correlation between the r-value and the forming limit stress.
Relationship Among Trainee-as-Teacher (TaT) Barriers, Clinical Settings, and Trainees’ Experience Levels in OB/GYN: a Mixed Method Study

The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether the types of postgraduate trainees’ teaching barriers would be associated with their experience levels and the four clinical settings in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN). Individual semi-structured interviews with 13 OB/GYN residents and Fellows were conducted and followed by an online survey sent to all OB/GYN residents and Fellows in three research sites. Descriptive statistical analysis and thematic analysis were applied. Eleven OB/GYN residents and two Fellows participated in the interviews. Of 93 possible OB/GYN resident and Fellow respondents, 57 (61.3 %) completed the online survey. Limited time was the predominant barrier across OB/GYN trainees’ experience levels. Six factors contributing to the teaching barriers were identified. Major types of teaching barriers perceived by trainees were similar in outpatient and labor and delivery settings, but differed from perceived barriers in the inpatient and operating room settings. Major types of teaching barriers were associated with trainees’ experience levels as well as the four clinical settings in OB/GYN. Findings from this study deepen OB/GYN clerkships and residency programs’ understanding of Trainee-as-Teacher, as well as provide useful information for programs to manage teaching tasks and to further enhance the implementation of Trainee-as-Teacher curricula efficiency.
Location methods of oscillation sources in power systems: a survey

The deployment of a synchrophasor-based wide-area measurement system (WAMS) in a power grid largely improves the observability of power system dynamics and the operator’s real-time situational awareness for potential stability issues. The WAMS in many power grids has successfully captured system oscillation events, e.g. poorly damped natural oscillations and forced oscillations, from time to time. To identify the root cause of an observed oscillation event for further mitigation actions, many methods have been proposed to locate the source of oscillation based on different ideas and principles. However, most methods proposed so far for locating the oscillation source in a power grid are not reliable enough for practical applications. This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing location methods, which basically fall into four major categories, plus a few other methods. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in detail. Some trends and challenges on the problem of oscillation source location are pointed out along with potential future research directions. Finally, a practical, general scheme for oscillation source location using available location methods is suggested and analyzed.
Does Happiness Matter? The Effect of Teacher Job Satisfaction on Productivity

This paper investigates how teacher job satisfaction affects productivity as measured by the high school graduation and four-year college enrollment rates. Using data from the Schools and Staffing Survey, this study implements multiple estimation methods to determine the effect of teacher job satisfaction on student outcomes. The findings indicate a positive relationship between the average level of teacher job satisfaction within a school and the graduation and college enrollment rates. The teacher job satisfaction is inversely related to diversity in opinion regarding job attributes.
Exploring pedestrian Bluetooth and WiFi detection at public transportation terminals

This is an on-going study that explores the potential benefits of using pedestrian data for evaluation and enhancement of public transportation. The research team proposes the utilization of Bluetooth (BT) and WiFi technologies to estimate time-dependent origin-destination (OD) demands and station wait-times of transit bus and subway users. The detection approach and a complete system design are discussed in this paper. Preliminary results from multiple pilot field studies, that were conducted at some of the major New York City (NYC) public transportation facilities, are also presented. The main objective of this study is to inquire into the various ways this extensive transit rider data can be used and to establish a general framework through data-driven pedestrian modeling within transit stations that renders estimation of key parameters and strategic control of public transportation services possible.
Overexpression of a diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene in Phaeodactylum tricornutum directs carbon towards lipid biosynthesis

Under nutrient deplete conditions, diatoms accumulate between 15% to 25% of their dry weight as lipids, primarily as triacylglycerols (TAGs). As in most eukaryotes, these organisms produce TAGs via the acyl-CoA dependent Kennedy pathway. The last step in this pathway is catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) that acylates diacylglycerol (DAG) to produce TAG. To test our hypothesis that DGAT plays a major role in controlling the flux of carbon towards lipids, we overexpressed a specific type II DGAT gene, DGAT2D, in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The transformants had 50- to 100-fold higher DGAT2D mRNA levels and the abundance of the enzyme increased 30- to 50-fold. More important, these cells had a 2-fold higher total lipid content and incorporated carbon into lipids more efficiently than the wild type (WT) while growing only 15% slower at light saturation. Based on a flux analysis using 13 C as a tracer, we found that the increase in lipids was achieved via increased fluxes through pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. Our results reveal overexpression of DAGT2D increases the flux of photosynthetically fixed carbon towards lipids, and leads to a higher lipid content than exponentially grown WT cells.
Validity of height loss as a predictor for prevalent vertebral fractures, low bone mineral density, and vitamin D deficiency.

Summary Many osteoporosis-related vertebral fractures are unappreciated but their detection is important as their presence increases future fracture risk. We found height loss is a useful tool in detecting patients with vertebral fractures, low bone mineral density, and vitamin D deficiency which may lead to improvements in patient care.
Removal of Nerve Agent Simulants from Water Using Light-Responsive Molecular Baskets.

We found that molecular baskets 1–3, with amino acids at their rim, undergo photoinduced decarboxylations to give baskets 4–6 forming a solid precipitate in water. Furthermore, organophosphonates 7–9 (OP), akin in size and shape to G-type nerve agents, form inclusion complexes with baskets 1–3 (K = 6–2243 M–1). Light irradiation (300 nm) of an aqueous solution of 1–3⊂OP led to the formation of precipitate containing an OP compound thereby amounting to a novel strategy for light-induced sequestration of nerve agents or, perhaps, other targeted compounds. Importantly, the stability of basket⊂OP complexes in addition to functional groups at the basket’s rim play a role in the efficiency (up to 98%) by which OPs are removed from water.
Initial Clinical Experience With an Inducible Magnetic Seed System for Preoperative Breast Lesion Localization.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a nonradioactive inducible magnetic seed system (Magseed, Endomag) for preoperative localization of nonpalpable breast lesions. CONCLUSION. All of the 73 seeds placed in the first 4 months of clinical use were successfully placed and all were successfully retrieved intraoperatively. The mean time from seed placement to surgery was 3 days. Early clinical experience suggests that Magseed is an effective and accurate means of preoperative breast lesion localization.
Faith and Charity: Religion and Humanitarian Assistance in West Africa, edited by Marie Nathalie LeBlanc and Louis Audet Gosselin

Faith and Charity offers a focused, well-researched selection of case studies dedicated to exploring how religious organisations contribute to the provisioning of social services in early twenty-fi...
Secure Non-interactive User Re-enrollment in Biometrics-Based Identification and Authentication Systems

Recent years have witnessed an increase in demand for biometrics based identification, authentication and access control (BIA) systems, which offer convenience, ease of use, and (in some cases) improved security. In contrast to other methods, such as passwords or pins, BIA systems face new unique challenges; chiefly among them is ensuring long-term confidentiality of biometric data stored in backends, as such data has to be secured for the lifetime of an individual. Cryptographic approaches such as Fuzzy Extractors (FE) and Fuzzy Vaults (FV) have been developed to address this challenge. FE/FV do not require storing any biometric data in backends, and instead generate and store helper data that enables BIA when a new biometric reading is supplied. Security of FE/FV ensures that an adversary obtaining such helper data cannot (efficiently) learn the biometric. Relying on such cryptographic approaches raises the following question: what happens when helper data is lost or destroyed (e.g., due to a failure, or malicious activity), or when new helper data has to be generated (e.g., in response to a breach or to update the system)? Requiring a large number of users to physically re-enroll is impractical, and the literature falls short of addressing this problem. In this paper we develop SNUSE, a secure computation based approach for non-interactive re-enrollment of a large number of users in BIA systems. We prototype SNUSE to illustrate its feasibility, and evaluate its performance and accuracy on two biometric modalities, fingerprints and iris scans. Our results show that thousands of users can be securely re-enrolled in seconds without affecting the accuracy of the system.
Blind Spots: Spatial analytics can identify nonrandom geographic variation in first episode psychosis program enrollments.

AIM To apply spatial analytics to an underway first episode psychosis program to identify areas of significant variation in the geographical distribution of program enrollees from an underlying at-risk population. METHODS Adaptive bandwidth kernel smoothing was used to estimate spatial density functions from program enrollee home addresses and a control population computed from US Census data. A relative risk surface derived from the ratio of these functions was used to discover under-represented areas, or areas from which fewer enrollees where produced than suggested by the underlying population density at the P < .05 level of statistical significance. As a test application of this analysis, a comprehensive list of primary care providers in the program catchment was extracted from the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System and spatially compared to the under-represented areas. RESULTS This approach identified under-represented areas containing 27.5% of the total program catchment area and 16% of the control population, yet had yielded zero program participants. These under-represented areas contained 179 primary care providers of the 2,337 in the total catchment area. CONCLUSIONS Findings of nonrandom spatial variation in program enrollment is valuable data for those evaluating the impact of and implementing improvements for recruitment to specialty clinics serving geographically-defined catchments. Positive findings from this preliminary study warrant further development of the predictive model as well as measurement of the impact on enrollment from recruitment interventions driven by these findings.
What Can Researchers Tell the Courts, and What Can the Courts Tell Researchers About Sexual Harassment?

The chapters by Gutek and by Wiener and Winter (this volume) highlight what is possibly the most vexing component of sexual harassment jurisprudence, namely, how does the law of sexual harassment influence psychological research on the topic, and vice versa? As Gutek points out, it is difficult to determine exactly what the law is, because it is continually evolving. Both authors make the excellent point that the broader concept of “social-sexual behaviors” in the workplace—in contrast to the narrower legal concept of sexual harassment—affords a wealth of interesting psychological research topics, in areas such as person perception, attitudes, stereotypes, etc. Indeed, as we discuss in the text that follows, the concept of a continuum of “social-sexual behaviors” seems to be a promising guide for future research. However, to ensure that psychological research is still relevant in its applications such that it can influence the courts, public policy, and companies’ policies, it is essential that it address relevant real-world and legal scenarios (Wiener & Hurt, 2000; Wiener et al., 2002;). In this chapter, we use the preceding chapters as a springboard to address several issues that have implications for how researchers should conduct studies of sexual harassment, and for the legal and policy implications of that research. First, we consider the diverse meanings of sexual harassment—that is, how the law and the public construe the term—and discuss some of the intended and unintended effects of sexual harassment policies. Second, we look at how the “totality of the circumstances” test applies to sexual harassment. Third, we consider some of the difficulties inherent in measuring sexual harassment and similar behaviors. We conclude with recommendations for what researchers and the courts can both do in addressing this vexing issue together.
Auto-pilot: a platform for system software benchmarking

When developing software, it is essential to evaluate its performance and stability, making benchmarking an essential and significant part of the software development cycle. Benchmarking is also used to show that a system is useful or provide insight into how systems behave. However, benchmarking is a tedious task that few enjoy, but every programmer or systems researcher must do. Developers need an easy-to-use system for collecting and analyzing benchmark results. We introduce Auto-pilot, a tool for producing accurate and informative benchmark results. Auto-pilot provides an infrastructure for running tests, sample test scripts, and analysis tools. Auto-pilot is not just another metric or benchmark: it is a system for automating the repetitive tasks of running, measuring, and analyzing the results of arbitrary programs. Auto-pilot can run a given test until results stabilize, automatically highlight outlying results, and automatically detect memory leaks. We have used Autopilot for over three years on eighteen distinct projects and have found it to be an invaluable tool that saved us significant effort.
Understanding How We Think about Space

People are quite successful at finding their way around in the world by following another person’s verbal directions. This is somewhat surprising given that a verbal description of a space is limited in the information it provides compared to the information provided by the direct perceptual experience of moving around in an environment. An important linguistic element by which we talk about spatial location in the English language is the closed-class set of terms called prepositions. There has been little experimental work on large numbers of spatial terms such as prepositions. In the present study the meaning of 25 English spatial prepositions was examined using multi-dimensional scaling techniques. The goal was to determine the most salient dimensions of spatial meaning, and where the most common English prepositions fall along these dimensions. English-speaking adults rated the similarity in meaning of pairs of prepositions across different contexts. One was a neutral (or no context) condition. Additionally, several contexts were generated by embedding the prepositions in carrier sentences containing different figure objects, ground objects and verbs. Four spatial dimensions emerged: verticality, containment, distance and one less easily interpreted dimension. The dimension of verticality was strongly evident in all contexts, and not much influenced by differences in context. The dimensions of containment and distance also emerged consistently across different sentence contexts, but order of individual words within these dimensions changed across different contexts. The results indicate that the most important dimensions that provide a framework for organising the meaning of English spatial prepositions are: verticality and containment. A dimension of distance also plays an important role. Context sometimes modifies the spatial meaning of certain prepositions. For example, the meaning of the word “through” implies containment in “The bird flies through the trees,” but not in “The bird is through the trees.” These results also demonstrate how multidimensional scales (MDS) can be used to study the meanings of a set of terms.
Mutagenesis of Mammalian Cells by Chemical Carcinogens after Metabolic Activation

Currently there is an increased interest in developing short-term bioassays for carcinogens in view of the studies which implicate a large number of environmental chemicals in causing cancer. While the mechanism by which chemicals induce cancer is unknown, one of the simplest explanations is that carcinogenesis is initiated by a somatic mutation. Indeed, chemical carcinogens are capable of binding to the DNA of susceptible mammalian cells (1–6), and can induce mutations at different genetic loci (25). Some of these mutations could also involve the genes that control the expression of malignant transformation (7–10). Studies of the mutagenic activity of carcinogens in mammalian cells should therefore provide an important technique for detecting cancer-causing agents and possibly for elucidating the mechanism of carcinogenesis (10–15). However, most compounds encountered in the environment are chemically nonreactive and have to be enzymatically activated before they can manifest biological activity (16–17). Furthermore, many mammalian cell lines which are suitable for studies on mutagenesis are not able to metabolically activate these chemicals (18–22).
Ab-Initio Potential Functions for Crystals and Ab-Initio Crystal Orbitals

To be able to predict crystal densities even for completely hypothetical compounds is of interest. While there are empirical methods to predict crystal densities, these methods depend only on the number and type of fragments or groups. These empirical methods are incapable of predicting differences in crystal densities between various position isomers of the same molecule. These empirical methods for crystal densities are also utterly incapable of predicting crystal-structure arrangements.
A case of gemcitabine-related acute lipodermatosclerosis.

IntroductionGemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat several solid organ malignancies. The most common cutaneous toxicities are a mild erythematous rash and pruritus, which are often a...
Life-Threatening Disease Biopsychosocial Dimensions of Cancer Care

The twentieth century has witnessed significant changes in life expectancy and in the major causes of death in the United States. Two related trends are often cited. First, people are living longer. Mean life expectancy at birth rose from 49.2 years for 1900–1902 to 73.7 years in 1979 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1984). This dramatic increase has been attributed to the control of acute infectious diseases. In 1900, approximately 36% of all deaths resulted from infectious or infection-related diseases such as measles, tuberculosis, diphtheria, influenza, or pneumonia. The corresponding figure for 1980 was 6% (Matarazzo, 1982). Increased longevity, however, has been associated with increased vulnerability to chronic diseases. Deaths related to chronic diseases rose from approximately 20% in 1900 to 70% in 1980 (Matarazzo, 1982). Indeed, today the three leading causes of death in the United States (heart disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular disease) are chronic conditions. Together, they account for 68.3% of all deaths (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1984).
Adjunct Procedures Related to Mandibular Reconstruction and Soft Tissue Facial Improvement

Microtia is commonly associated with various syndromes including craniofacial microsomia and Treacher Collins syndrome. Additional facial anomalies involving the mandible, zygoma, orbit, and soft tissue are often present with these syndromes. Reconstruction of the mandible is guided by the Pruzansky-Kaban mandibular classification. Less severe mandibles with identifiable anatomy but are insufficient in size typically benefit from distraction osteogenesis. Conversely, more severe mandible deformities with atypical anatomy and a malfunctioning temporomandibular joint often require additional bony constructs in the form of costochondral grafts. While rib grafting provides a stable construct, due to its variable rates of growth, distraction is often required, the location of which is important in optimizing results and reducing complications. Finally, orthognathic surgery is typically considered the final bony surgical intervention required to correct and level dental occlusion. This not only improves skeletal dental alignment but also assists in achieving maximum soft tissue facial balance. If soft tissue volume remains inadequate, fat grafting is a useful low-risk tool. Since Treacher Collins patients often require coronal incisions for zygomatico-orbital correction, it is important to preserve the temporoparietal fascia (TPF) and associated vascular supply. This is particularly important since a TPF flap is often used in ear reconstruction. Understanding the proper timing and management of anomalies of neighboring structures surrounding the ear is important. Patients with microtia often experience varying degrees of mandibular, orbital, zygomatic, and soft tissue insufficiencies that must be treated in a succinct order that optimizes skeletal and soft tissue alignment, without compromising tissues and vascular supplies ultimately required for microtia correction.
A Green Tea Polyphenol, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, Induces Selective Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cells: Mechanism of Action and Therapeutic Potential.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol extracted from green tea, induces dose and time dependent cell death in both IL-6-dependent and independent multiple myeloma cell lines and primary patient cells, with minimal or no effect on the growth of normal cells. The cell death is apoptotic as determined by annexin V staining and is not inhibited by IL-6. Evaluation of molecular mechanism of action by gene expression profiling indicated that EGCG had a profound effect on transcription of major regulatory genes involved in distinct pathways controlling cell growth arrest and apoptosis: Exposure of myeloma cells to EGCG induced the expression of: 1) Fas ligand, Fas, and caspase 4, the initiators and mediators of death receptor dependent apoptosis; 2) death-associated protein kinase 2, a multifunctional pro-apoptotic protein kinase; 3) P53-like proteins, p73, p63; 4) CARD10 and CARD14, positive regulators of apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation; and 5) Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p16 and p18. In a subset of these selected genes, the expression data is also confirmed with western blot analyses. We have also demonstrated that the transcript and protein levels of a metastasis associated laminin receptor 1 are significantly elevated in myeloma cell lines and patient samples compared to normal cells. RNAi mediated inhibition of laminin receptor 1, abrogated EGCG-induced apoptosis in myeloma cells thus indicating that the profound anti-cancer effect of this compound is probably mediated through this receptor. The selective expression of this receptor explains the selective activity of EGCG in multiple myeloma cells without adversely affecting normal cells. Taken together these data confirm significant and selective anti-cancer activity of EGCG, a natural product, in MM and provides the basis for its clinical evaluation.
Higher thresholds for the utilization of steatotic allografts in liver transplantation: Analysis from a U.S. national database

Background Historically, liver allografts with >30% macrosteatosis (MaS) on donor biopsy have been associated with early allograft dysfunction and worse graft survival; however, successful outcomes have been reported in small cohorts. This study proposes an elevated MaS threshold for organ utilization without detriment to graft survival. Methods The UNOS Standard Transplant Analysis and Research database was evaluated for transplants between 2006–2015. Graft survival up to 1-year was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analyses, and by univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses, including donor and recipient characteristics. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of graft loss are reported. Results Thirty-day risk of graft loss was increased with MaS as low as 10–19% (OR [95% CI] 1.301 [1.055–1.605], p<0.0001) and peaked with MaS 50–59% (2.921 [1.672–5.103]). At 1-year, risk of graft loss remained elevated with MaS 40–49% (1.465 [1.002–2.142]) and MaS 50–59% (1.978 [1.281–3.056], p = 0.0224). Multivariable models were created for Lower and Higher MELD recipients and MaS cutoffs were established. In Lower MELD recipients, organs with ≥50% MaS had increased risk of graft loss at 30 days (2.451 [1.541–3.897], p = 0.0008) and 1-year post-transplant (1.720 [1.224–2.418], p = 0.0125). Higher MELD recipients had increased risk of graft loss at 30 days with allografts showing MaS ≥40% (4.204 [1.440–5.076], p = 0.0016). At 1-year the risk remained increased, but MaS was not significant predictor of graft loss.048 [1.131–3.710], p = 0.0616). In both MELD cohorts, organs with MaS levels below threshold had similar survival to those transplanted without a donor biopsy. Conclusions In conjunction with recipient selection, organs with MaS up to 50% may be safely used without detriment to outcomes.
Ignorance and Indifference: Decision-Making in the Lab and in the Market

Supplement is available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3118417 Economic agents face an evolving, non-ergodic environment. The corresponding permanently undersampled “population” distribution naturally permits unseen, rare events. The principle of indifference, implemented via the methods of parameterization invariance and maximum entropy, provides a disciplined, rational approach to learning, inference and decision in this underinformed setting. Canonical economic problems of choice under uncertainty from both the micro (binary lotteries) and macro (consumption-investment) domains can be formulated in terms of dynamic online learning when new gambles and new regimes are regularly encountered. The implied Bayesian updating under invariant ignorance priors allows to reverse-engineer and rationalize, in a mutually consistent way, the Allais paradox/prospect theory’s probability distortions identified in laboratory experiments as well as the equity premium/risk-free rate, non-monotone pricing kernel and portfolio underdiversification puzzles observed in financial markets.
Retrospective Review of Clinical Utility of Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing Testing of Cerebrospinal Fluid from a U.S. Tertiary Care Medical Center.

ABSTRACT Shotgun metagenomic sequencing can detect nucleic acids from bacteria, fungi, viruses, and/or parasites in clinical specimens; however, little data exist to guide its optimal application to clinical practice. We retrospectively reviewed results of shotgun metagenomic sequencing testing requested on cerebrospinal fluid samples submitted to an outside reference laboratory from December 2017 through December 2019. Of the 53 samples from Mayo Clinic patients, 47 were requested by neurologists, with infectious diseases consultation in 23 cases. The majority of patients presented with difficult-to-diagnose subacute or chronic conditions. Positive results were reported for 9 (17%) Mayo Clinic patient samples, with 6 interpreted as likely contamination. Potential pathogens reported included bunyavirus, human herpesvirus 7, and enterovirus D-68, ultimately impacting care in two cases. Twenty-seven additional samples were submitted from Mayo Clinic Laboratories reference clients, with positive results reported for three (11%): two with potential pathogens (West Nile virus and Toxoplasma gondii) and one with Streptococcus species with other bacteria below the reporting threshold (considered to represent contamination). Of 68 negative results, 10 included comments on decreased sensitivity due to high DNA background (n = 5), high RNA background (n = 1), insufficient RNA read depth (n = 3), or quality control (QC) failure with an external RNA control (n = 1). The overall positive-result rate was 15% (12/80), with 58% (7/12) of these interpreted as being inconsistent with the patient’s clinical presentation. Overall, potential pathogens were found in a low percentage of cases, and positive results were often of unclear clinical significance. Testing was commonly employed in cases of diagnostic uncertainty and when immunotherapy was being considered.
Enabling Aqueous NiO Photocathodes by Passivating Surface Sites That Facilitate Proton-Coupled Charge Transfer

Photoelectrodes consisting of wide-band gap metal oxides functionalized with chromophores and catalysts are a potential low-cost solution to generate solar fuels from aqueous solution. NiO is a com...
Introduction to Volume 1 and Volume 2

This chapter is an Introduction to both volumes of this Artificial Intelligence for Customer Relationship Management book: Volume 1 “Keeping Customers Informed” and Volume 2 “Solving Customer Problems”. We analyze AI adoption in Customer Relationship Management (CRM), briefly survey current trends, introduce AI CRM companies and discuss what kind of machine learning (ML) is best to support CRM. We explore where CRM is today and identify a lack of intelligence as a major bottleneck of current CRM systems. A hint to the reader is given on how to navigate this book.
Beyond Advocacy? Mobilizing Compassion

Some faith-based NGOs (FBOs) encourage their constituencies to consider pro-social investments, conscious consumption patterns, long-term volunteering, and other potentially transformative experiences. The range of such activities encouraged by 50 FBOs, mostly in the United States, suggests that US-based FBOs ask less of their constituents than do European FBOs, and offer them more limited means of expressing solidarity. The practice of encouraging social investment in microfinance funds or even in projects of the FBO itself is beginning to grow in the United States. Nelson profiles several FBOs that motivate high levels of constituent engagement, arguing that volunteering, education, personal spiritual disciplines, and community engagement are all involved in creating a culture of service and solidarity.
Consequential change: Teachers scale project-based learning in English language arts

Abstract Inundated with expectations for student growth, teachers are expected to embrace novel pedagogical approaches. Despite resources devoted to engaging in “new” practices, limited research exists on long-lasting change. We explore what drove teachers to scale -- deepen, sustain, and take ownership of -- an English language arts project-based learning curriculum to explore teachers' long-term use of innovations. Teachers scaled practices by shifting instruction, modifying for new contexts, making decisions to meet students' and colleagues’ needs, and using design principles to organize classrooms even after formal support ended. Findings illustrate the need for long-term research to understand scaling of innovations.
BRD3-NUTM1-expressing NUT carcinoma of lung on endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration cytology, a diagnostic pitfall.

BACKGROUND Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma (NC) is an aggressive type of poorly differentiated carcinoma with a variable degree of squamous differentiation. NC is defined by the presence of BRD-NUT fusion oncogenes, the most common fusion form being the BRD4-NUTM1 gene. Variant rearrangements involving the BRD3 and NSD3 genes. Variant rearrangements involving the BRD3 and NSD3 genes occur in approximately one-third of the cases. AIMS This is the first case regarding the study of cytological features of NC of the lung with BRD3-NUTM1 fusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 36-year-old female with chest heaviness and shortness of breath was found to have a right-sided pleural effusion; she was non-smoker and denied any significant past medical illness. CT-chest revealed an 8.5 cm heterogeneous mass in the right and mid-upper lung. She underwent endobronchial ultrasound-guided (EBUS) transbronchial fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the lung mass. Thoracocentesis was performed, and pleural fluid was sent to the laboratory for cytological evaluation Results: The cytopathological findings showed atypical squamoid cells with variably prominent single or multiple nucleoli. Monotonous-looking cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and hyperchromasia were also present. The atypical squamoid cells showed abundant clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm with rare individual cell keratinization and focal keratin pearl formation. The atypical cells were positive for CK7, p40, p63, mCEA and equivocal for NUT-specific antibody. The cytopathological findings were consistent with squamous cell carcinoma with focal keratinization. The Fusion Panel-Solid Tumor (50 genes) revealed BRD3-NUTM1 fusion gene. Diagnosis was amended to pulmonary NC. DISCUSSION NC is a diagnostic challenge for pathologists as it can morphologically mimic undifferentiated carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or neuroendocrine carcinoma. The challenge is not how to diagnose NC but rather determining when to include it in the differential diagnosis and perform the diagnostic molecular tests (FISH or NGS) or IHC study for NUT-specific antibody. CONCLUSION When a specimen demonstrates a dual cell population of squamoid cells and primitive-looking tumor cells in the wrong clinical context (i.e., young patient with no smoking history), further molecular profiling is warranted to include the differential of a primary NC of the lung. The cytological features of NC itself have rarely been documented and moreover, that of a primary NC of the lung with BRD3-NUTM1 fusion has never been reported. We herein report cytological findings of a primary NC of the lung with BRD3-NUTM1 fusion gene.
NUMERICAL INFINITE-ORDER PERTURBATION THEORY

With the emergence of the Hartree-Fock independent particle model in physics and chemistry, the correlation problem, which Lowdin defined /1/, has constituted one of the primary research areas within quantum chemistry. Lowdin’s contributions to this topic are enormous, including among them his work in density matrix theory /2/, in extended independent particle methods where he proposed the projected Hartree-Fock theory /3/ and the alternate molecular orbital method /4/, and in infinite-order perturbation theory /5/.
Rufinamide treatment for refractory epilepsy in a largely pediatric population

To determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of rufinamide in treating refractory epilepsy in a largely pediatric population. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients prescribed rufinamide from December 2008 to July 2010 in the Pediatric Epilepsy Program at Massachusetts General Hospital for Children. Eighty-eight patients on rufinamide with sufficient data for analysis were included in the study. Eight (9.1%) patients had >90% seizure reduction, 40 (45.5%) patients had 50-90% seizure reduction, 19 (21.6%) patients had <50% seizure reduction, and 21 (23.9%) patients had no change in seizure frequency. Generally mild side effects were reported by 28 (31.8%) patients, with the two most common side effects being decreased appetite in seven (8.0%) patients, and somnolence in six (6.8%) patients. Rufinamide appears to be an effective, safe, and well-tolerated antiepileptic drug in the treatment of broad-spectrum intractable epilepsy, expanding outside its specific Food and Drug Administration approved usage in treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Drought stress delays endosperm development and misregulates genes associated with cytoskeleton organization and grain quality proteins in developing wheat seeds

Drought stress is a major yield-limiting factor for wheat. Wheat yields are particularly sensitive to drought stress during reproductive development. Early seed development stage is an important determinant of seed size, one of the yield components. We specifically examined the impact of drought stress imposed during postzygotic early seed development in wheat. We imposed a short-term drought stress on plants with day-old seeds and observed that even a short-duration drought stress significantly reduced the size of developing seeds as well as mature seeds. Drought stress delayed the developmental transition from syncytial to cellularized stage of endosperm. Coincident with reduced seed size and delayed endosperm development, a subset of genes associated with cytoskeleton organization was misregulated in developing seeds under drought-stressed. Several genes linked to hormone pathways were also differentially regulated in response to drought stress in early seeds. Notably, drought stress strongly repressed the expression of wheat storage protein genes such as gliadins, glutenins and avenins as early as 3 days after pollination. Our results provide new insights on how some of the early seed developmental events are impacted by water stress, and the underlying molecular pathways that can possibly impact both grain size and quality in wheat.
Hepatic stellate cells.

The hepatic stellate cell (HSC) has emerged as a major regulator of normal liver homeostasis and growth, as well as a key effector in the hepatic fibrogenic response. In this chapter, we review the biological characteristics of the hepatic stellate cell, addressing historical perspectives, morphologic characteristics, methods of isolation, and their biological role in normal liver as well as after hepatic injury.
Human genome annotation

A central problem for 21st century science is annotating the human genome and making this annotation useful for the interpretation of personal genomes. My talk will focus on annotating the 99% of the genome that does not code for canonical genes, concentrating on intergenic features such as structural variants (SVs), pseudogenes (protein fossils), binding sites, and novel transcribed RNAs (ncRNAs). In particular, I will describe how we identify regulatory sites and variable blocks (SVs) based on processing next-generation sequencing experiments. I will further explain how we cluster together groups of sites to create larger annotations. Next, I will discuss a comprehensive pseudogene identification pipeline, which has enabled us to identify >10K pseudogenes in the genome and analyze their distribution with respect to age, protein family, and chromosomal location. Throughout, I will try to introduce some of the computational algorithms and approaches that are required for genome annotation. Much of this work has been carried out in the framework of the ENCODE, modENCODE, and 1000 genomes projects.
A global perspective on reforesting landscapes

This is the tenth volume in the Springer Landscape Series, the purpose of which is to provide a forum for dealing with the complexity of landscapes worldwide. As the foreword acknowledges, this volume represents a departure from previous volumes by shifting from a focus on deforestation to a broader view of regrowth, reforestation, or afforestation. As with many multi-authored volumes such as this, the first and last chapters have been reserved by the editors to place a context for the volume and provide some wrap-up conclusions. As is not uncommon, this book takes what I often refer to as the ‘‘funnel approach’’, in as much as the beginning few chapters lay out broad principles and establish the framework, followed by regional studies of reforestation in complex landscapes, and finishing up with specific case studies of defined landscapes. All in all, there are 16 chapters (each with its own literature cited), 367 pages of text, a 9 page index, and 18 pages of high quality color plates at the end. I approached this book with high hopes for a variety of reasons, but mostly because as a forest ecologist I am broadly aware of the global problem of deforestation and its consequences. Problems surrounding deforestation have been reported extensively in the literature and popular press for decades. Much less attention has been paid to the other side of that coin; i.e., what follows 10 or 20 years after a rainforest has been cut? What about secondary succession (or Forest Transition Theory as the editors refer to it) and the landscape consequences? Many fewer studies have reported on this, with a near absence in the popular press. Certainly, there are large portions of the world that have been deforested unsustainably and certain ecosystems and landscapes have been biologically impacted for centuries into the future. But, how will regrowth affect ‘‘ecosystem services, protected areas, social institutions, economic transitions, remediation of environmental problems, conservation, land abandonment, and both micro and macro level drivers of forest regrowth’’? These are the subjects of this volume, spread across multiple continents. Thus, those working in a variety of research areas (biological, physical, geographic, social, etc.) should find something interesting here. As the editors conclude in the first chapter, ‘‘this book represents one of the first large scale efforts to provide an interdisciplinary, cross-country, multi-scalar perspective on reforestation that includes an integration of theoretical perspectives with empirical analyses from many parts of the world.’’ Certainly a tall order. The second chapter establishes a basic conceptual model (which looks quite similar to secondary forest succession to me) and suggests that there is considerable uncertainty surrounding the trajectory of longterm changes in pan-tropical forests. Using available data from Forest Resource Assessments (FRA) of the B. C. McCarthy (&) Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA e-mail: mccarthy@ohio.edu
MPEC problem formulations and solution strategies with chemical engineering applications

With the development and widespread use of large-scale nonlinear programming (NLP) tools for process optimization, there has been an associated application of NLP formulations with complementarity constraints in order to represent discrete decisions. Also known as mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPECs), these formulations can be used to model certain classes of discrete events and can be more efficient than a mixed integer formulation. However, MPEC formulations and solution strategies are not yet fully developed in process engineering. In this study, we discuss MPEC properties, including concepts of stationarity and linear independence that are essential for well-defined NLP formulations. Nonlinear programming based solution strategies for MPECs are then reviewed and examples of complementarity drawn from chemical engineering applications are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of these formulations.
Intravenous Mercury Injection and Ingestion: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Background: Mercury is a complex toxin with clinical manifestations determined by the chemical form, route, dose, and acuity of the exposure. Parenteral injection of elemental mercury remains uncommon. Case Report: A 40-year-old male injected 3 mL of elemental mercury intravenously and ingested 3 mL as a suicide attempt. Within 24 hours, he became dyspneic, febrile, tachycardic, and voiced mild gastrointestinal complaints. Chest X-ray revealed scattered pulmonary infiltrates and embolized mercury bilaterally. A ventilation/perfusion scan demonstrated ventilation/perfusion deficits. Additionally, his renal function declined, as manifest by minor elevations in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine and decreased urine output. Pulmonary therapy, intravenous hydration, and chelation using 2,3-dimercaptoscuccinic acid (DMSA/Succimer) were started. Over the next 36 hours, the patient's pulmonary and renal functions improved. Temperature and heart rate subsequently normalized, and symptoms at discharge were mild exe...
Elements of improvement in secondary science teacher preparation

There are strong indications that the courses developed under the Teacher Preparation Project at Utah State University are providing new dimensions to the education of prospective science teachers and liberal art students who select a science emphasis at the undergraduate level. To date, the courses have institutional support in both staffing and funding that should keep them in place in the coming years. Clearly, the project made adjustments along the way, learning from early mistakes, and building team rapport and commitment required to bring about the completion of the project.
Polite: A policy framework for building managed mobile apps

The proliferation of smart phones inside enterprises and the number of enterprise apps (applications) available for various smart phone platforms has been increasing. This trend is expected to continue as smart phones tend to become the device of choice to access both enterprise and personal data. Making enterprise sensitive data accessible on smart phones requires that adequate protection mechanisms be available on these devices to ensure that sensitive data is not compromised due to various reasons, such as employees losing phones to malicious apps (installed by the user) running on the phones. Most of the existing solutions either provide device level control or have an external agent monitoring the application's behavior, and has numerous limitations. In this paper we propose a framework, Polite, to build enterprise mobile apps that can be managed at run-time, which is less intrusive to the end user while providing stronger security guarantees to the enterprise. We describe several critical scenarios where controlling the run time behavior of apps on the phone is essential and how our architecture can provide security guarantees that are not possible with existing solutions. Performance results of our implementation indicate that our framework induces a minimal overhead of only 6% that may be acceptable for most enterprise mobile apps.