cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Could Dark Energy be a Manifestation of Gravity

It is shown that so-called dark energy could possible be a manifestation of the gravitational vortex producing the "gravitomagnetic" (GM) force field: associated with cosmic matter rotation and inertial spacetime frame dragging. The general relativistic Godel-Obukhov spacetime metric which incorporates expansion and rotation of the Universe is used to evaluate this force. This metric is expressed here in spherical comoving coordinates. Through a cosmic time evolution, it is shown that cosmic acceleration is expected when the magnitude of the radial repulsive GM force exceeds that of the familiar or usual attractive gravitational "gravitoelectric" (GE) force: associated with just cosmic matter and spacetime warping (or curvature). In general, this phenomenon of cosmic accelerated expansion appears to have occurred twice in the history of the Universe: the inflationary phase and the present-day acceleration phase. It is suggested in this model that the two phases may or may not be related. The cosmological model presented here is described in the context of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity in Riemann-Cartan spacetime (the "generalized" Einstein- Cartan theory of gravity), which includes cosmic rotation, its effect of spacetime torsion, and it being considered as an intrinsic part of gravity. Also, an associated derived analytical expression for the cosmic primordial magnetic field is presented. Evolving this magnetic field over cosmic time shows it to be consistent with theory and observations. In addition, it appears that the spin density of cosmic matter couples this magnetic field to the GM field, and also couples this magnetic field to the GE field.
Direct and specific chemical control of eukaryotic translation with a synthetic RNA–protein interaction

Sequence-specific RNA–protein interactions, though commonly used in biological systems to regulate translation, are challenging to selectively modulate. Here, we demonstrate the use of a chemically-inducible RNA–protein interaction to regulate eukaryotic translation. By genetically encoding Tet Repressor protein (TetR)-binding RNA elements into the 5 0 -untranslated region (5 0 -UTR) of an mRNA, translation of a downstream coding sequence is directly controlled by TetR and tetracycline analogs. In endogenous and synthetic 5 0 -UTR contexts, this system efficiently regulates the expression of multiple target genes, and is sufficiently stringent to distinguish functional from non-functional RNA–TetR interactions. Using a reverse TetR variant, we illustrate the potential for expanding the regulatory properties of the system through protein engineering strategies.
Bird Assemblage and Visitation Pattern at Fruiting Elmerrillia tsiampaca (Magnoliaceae) Trees in Papua New Guinea

Most tropical trees producefleshy fruits that attract frugivores that disperse their seeds. Early demography and distribution for these tree species depend on the effects of frugivores and their behavior. Anthropogenic changes that affect frugivore communities could ultimately result in changes in tree distribution and population demography. We studied the frugivore assemblage at 38 fruiting Elmerrillia tsiampaca, a rain forest canopy tree species in Papua New Guinea. Elmerrillia tsiampaca is an important resource for frugivorous birds at our study site because it produces abundant lipid-rich fruits at a time of low fruit availability. We classified avian frugivores into functional disperser groups and quantified visitation rates and behavior at trees during 56 canopy and 35 ground observation periods. We tested predictions derived from other studies of plant‐frugivore interactions with this little-studied frugivore assemblage in an undisturbed rain forest. Elmerrillia tsiampaca fruits were consumed by 26 bird species, but most seeds were removed by eight species. The most important visitors (Columbidae, Paradisaeidae and Rhyticeros plicatus) were of a larger size than predicted based on diaspore size. Columbidae efficiently exploited the structurally protected fruit, which was inconsistent with other studies in New Guinea where structurally protected fruits were predominantly consumed by Paradisaeidae. Birds vulnerable to predation foraged for short time periods, consistent with the hypothesis that predator avoidance enhances seed dispersal. We identified seven functional disperser groups, indicating there is little redundancy in disperser groups among the regular and frequent visitors to this tropical rain forest tree species.
A multi-domain approach for enhancing text display for users with visual aberrations

In this paper, we describe a multi-domain approach for enhancing text displayed on a computer screen for users with visual aberrations. This research is based on a priori knowledge of the user's visual aberration, as measured by a wavefront analyzer. With this information it is possible to generate text that, when displayed to this user, will counteract his/her visual aberration. The method described in this paper advances the development of techniques for providing such compensation by integrating spatial information in the image as a means to eliminate some of the shortcomings inherent in using display devices such as monitors or LCD panels.
Whatever happened to democracy? A comment on Bischoff and Shores

The paradigm for formulating educational policy adopted by Bischoff and Shores, which appears to be the prevailing one, appears to offer no role to the citizen, rendering the paradigm suspect. The authors’ honest admission of the limitations of social science knowledge undercuts the argument for the usefulness of research in this area.
Vitamin E succinate promotes breast cancer tumor dormancy.

Abstract Background. Vitamin E succinate (VES) is the most potent antitumor analogue of vitamin E. Despite many reports of VES's antitumor activity in vitro, there is little information about its antitumor effects in vivo. Materials and methods. We investigated the effect of VES on the growth of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Results. VES decreased cell viability in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Although VES increased apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, it had no effect on apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. The inhibitory effect of VES on cell growth was specific for the intact molecule because a markedly reduced effect was noted when either vitamin E or succinic acid was administered alone. VES inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice. Also, VES was found to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusions. VES inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. This is the first report of VES inhibition of established tumor growth in vivo. The mechanism of VES's in vivo effects may involve inhibition of tumor angiogenesis since VES inhibits VEGF gene expression.
Lethal Palm Diseases Common in the United States

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. diamond scale, fusarium wilt, ganoderma butt rot, lethal yellowing, Nalanthamala, Gliocladium, Phytophthora, polymerase chain reaction, Thielaviopsis SUMMARY. Palms (Arecaceae) are affected by a variety of pathogens, most of which are fungi. We detail pathogens, host ranges, disease description, diagnosis and epidemiology as well as management for the significant, usually fatal, diseases affecting palms grown in the continental United States and Hawaii. These include fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. canariensis) of canary island date palm (Phoenix canariensis), diamond scale (Phaeochoropsis neowashingtoniae), ganoderma butt rot (Ganoderma zonatum), lethal yellowing (Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae subgroup 16SrIV-A), and diseases caused by Nalanthamala (Gliocladium), Phytophthora, and Thielaviopsis. We have omitted the leaf spot and minor blight diseases that often affect palms but pose no long-term consequence to their health and survival. Visual symptoms of lethal palm diseases are often similar, necessitating the isolation or detection of the pathogen with cultural, microscopic, or molecular methods. Management of palm diseases is varied, often requiring in-depth knowledge of the biology of the pathogen and its’ infection process. Quarantine, eradication, sanitation, and proper species selection and culture are necessary practices to limit the spread of new and existing diseases of palms in landscapes and nurseries.
Reflecting on the Reflective Conversation

This brief essay develops three points to stretch the reflective conversation. One agrees that we need a more expansive understanding of qualitative research because doing qualitative research is d...
Growth and Microstructure of Aluminum Nitride Thin Films

The synthesis of aluminum nitride thin films by pulsed-laser ablation is demonstrated. The films were formed on single-crystal sapphire and graphite substrates. A number of techniques were used to characterize the films: transmission and scanning electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and x-ray diffraction.
A prospective study of carpal tunnel syndrome: workplace and individual risk factors

Objectives To quantify the risk for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) from workplace physical factors, particularly hand activity level and forceful exertion, while taking into account individual factors including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and pre-existing medical conditions. Methods Three healthcare and manufacturing workplaces were selected for inclusion on the basis of range of exposure to hand activity level and forceful exertion represented by their jobs. Each study participant9s job tasks were observed and evaluated onsite and videotaped for further analysis, including frequency and duration of exertion and postural deviation. Individual health assessment entailed electrodiagnostic testing of median and ulnar nerves, physical examination and questionnaires at baseline with annual follow-up for 2 years. Results The incidence of dominant hand CTS during the study was 5.11 per 100 person-years (29 cases). Adjusted HRs for dominant hand CTS were as follows: working with forceful exertion ≥20% but 2 (obesity): 3.19 (1.28, 7.98). The American Conference for Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for hand activity level also predicted CTS, HR=1.40 (1.11, 1.78) for each unit increase in the TLV ratio, controlling for obesity and job strain. Conclusions Workplace and individual risk factors both contribute to the risk for CTS. Time spent in forceful exertion can be a greater risk for CTS than obesity if the job exposure is high. Preventive workplace efforts should target forceful exertions.
The electrocardiogram restitution portrait quantifying dynamical electrical instability in young myocardium

Novel methods need to be developed to detect electrical instability in children. The dynamical properties of action potential restitution play an important role in the development of instability leading to arrhythmias. A new method, the Restitution Portrait (RP), was developed to visualize and quantify these properties at the action potential level. Here, we apply the RP method using the activation-recovery interval (ARI) from the ECG to detect, in vitro, repolarization abnormalities in neonatal and preadolescent rabbit myocardium with drug-induced Long QT Syndrome (LQTS Type 1 or Type 2). The ECG was recorded during programmed endocardial pacing to record the RP. The ECG RP demonstrated significant changes in dynamical restitution components during drug-induced LQTS compared to baseline. This study shows that the ECG RP may be an important noninvasive diagnostic tool for detecting electrical instability in the young.
Global Two-Group Multiple Endpoint Adjustment Methods Applied to Clinical Trials

Often, clinical trial results are reported and used for claiming a treatment effect without adjusting for the multiplicity arising from the presence of multiple endpoints. It is well recognized that this practice is likely to inflate the type I error rate unless the endpoints are highly correlated. To control such an inflation of the type I error rate, two approaches, both appropriate on their own grounds, are in use. One is the ’global’ approach which aims at demonstrating overall treatment effect and considers all given endpoints simultaneously. The other approach, often called the ’endpoint-speciftc’ approach, assesses significance for each endpoint separately, assuring meaningful control of the overall type I error rate. This paper addresses and discusses some of these global multiple endpoint adjustment methods in the context of clinical trial applications where two treatments are being compared (for example, active treatment with a placebo), and gives some simulation results to assess their performance regarding the a-level protection and power.
Correction for Rain Path Specific and Differential Attenuation of X-Band Dual-Polarization Observations

The accuracy of attenuation correction for X-band reflectivity (Z H) and differential reflectivity (ZDR) measurements in rainfall is analyzed using coincident X-band and S-band polarimetric radar observations collected during the International H2O Project in the period of May-June 2002 at northwestern Oklahoma. Two distinct attenuation correction techniques that use the differential propagation phase shift (PhiDP) information, which is not a power-dependent measurement, as a means to provide independent estimates of path-integrated attenuation are assessed. The study is facilitated by nonattenuated X-band ZH and ZDR profiles simulated based on raindrop size distribution parameters retrieved from matched multiparameter (ZH, ZDR, and KDP) S-band observations. The major outcome of this assessment is that PhiDP-based attenuation correction for both techniques can reach almost unbiased measurements (within 5% mean relative error) and low random error (15-20% relative standard deviation). The study shows moderate differences in the error statistics of the evaluated techniques. The sensitivity of attenuation correction uncertainty with respect to the assumed variability in raindrops' oblateness-size relation and the noise in PhiDP measurement is also shown
Design of β-Hairpin Peptides for Modulation of Cell Adhesion by β-Turn Constraint

The CD2−CD58 interaction in immune regulation and disease pathology has provided new targets for developing potential immunosuppressive agents. In the present study, we report the introduction of constraints to generate β-hairpin structures from the strand sequences of CD2 protein. The β-hairpin structures were induced in the designed peptides by introducing Pro-Gly sequences in the peptides. Results from NMR and MD simulation indicated that the peptides exhibited β-turn structure at the X-Pro-Gly-Y sequence and formed the β-hairpin structure in solution. The ability of these peptides to inhibit cell adhesion was evaluated by two cell adhesion assays. Among the peptides studied (1−4) (P1−P4), peptides 2−4 were able to inhibit cell adhesion between Jurkat cells and SRBC nearly 50% at 180 μM, and 80% inhibition between Jurkat cells and Caco-2 cells was seen at 90 μM. Peptide 1 did not show significant inhibition activity compared to control.
Postsurgical behaviors in children with and without symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing

Background: Although some children undergo formal preoperative testing for obstructive sleep apnea, it is likely that many children present for surgery with undetected sleep-related disorders. Given that these children may be at increased risk during the perioperative period, this study was designed to compare postoperative behaviors between those with and without symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Methods: This study represents a secondary analysis of data from a study examining the effect of SDB on perioperative respiratory adverse events in children. Parents of children aged 2–14 years completed the Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder (SRBD) subscale of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire prior to surgery. Children were classified as having SDB if they had a positive score (≥0.33) on the SRBD subscale. Seven to ten days following surgery, the SRBD subscale was re-administered to the parents who also completed the Children’s Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire. Children were classified as exhibiting increased problematic behaviors if their postoperative behaviors were considered to be “more/much more” relative to normal. Results: Three hundred thirty-seven children were included in this study. Children with SDB were significantly more likely to exhibit problematic behaviors following surgery compared with children without SDB. Logistic regression identified adenotonsillectomy (OR 9.89 [3.2–30.9], P < 0.01) and posthospital daytime sleepiness (OR 2.8 [1.3–5.9], P< 0.01) as risk factors for postoperative problematic behaviors.
Searches for Light Scalar Particles in K Meson Decays

One of the most perplexing yet fundamental problems in particle physics is the origin of mass. The very successful Standard Model of QCD and electroweak interactions begins to address this problem by incorporating the Higgs mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking to give masses to the vector bosons. In its simplest formulation, the minimal model, there is a single doublet of scalar Higgs fields which, by its Yukawa coupling to fermion fields, can also generate masses for the fermions.
Nonstationary Transport in MODFETs and Heterojunction Devices

Self-consistent simulations of transient transport processes in single layer and single quantum-well modulation doped structures are reported.
TM and the Diamond-Studded Watches

This short article recalls a discussion the author had with a friend at a local baseball game, about the friend starting a new business. He was buying very expensive wrist watches in New York from luxury king-pins Cartier, Van Cleef & Arpels, Bulgari and Piaget. Each of these brands has its own retail store and the friend was buying their expensive goodies at full retail price. He had made arrangements with a jeweler to whom he would deliver these new watches. The jeweler would embed the watches with diamonds and other jewels – on the cases and on the precious metal bands. The friend planned to sell the altered watches at auction houses and jewelry stores as one of a kind items for much more than it cost to buy them and have them altered, with these venues reselling them at even higher prices.The author goes on to explain to his friend why this is a very bad idea, and why, if he went through with it, he would end up getting sued, and why the probability was strong that he'd lose in court.
Renal oxygenases: differential contribution to vasoconstriction induced by ET-1 and ANG II.

In the rat isolated perfused kidney, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid, an inhibitor of all pathways of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, diminished endothelin-1 (ET-1)- and angiotensin II (ANG II)-i...
Validating hydrodynamic growth in National Ignition Facility implosionsa)

We present new hydrodynamic growth experiments at the National Ignition Facility, which extend previous measurements up to Legendre mode 160 and convergence ratio 4, continuing the growth factor dispersion curve comparison of the low foot and high foot pulses reported by Casey et al. [Phys. Rev. E 90, 011102(R) (2014)]. We show that the high foot pulse has lower growth factor and lower growth rate than the low foot pulse. Using novel on-capsule fiducial markers, we observe that mode 160 inverts sign (changes phase) for the high foot pulse, evidence of amplitude oscillations during the Richtmyer-Meshkov phase of a spherically convergent system. Post-shot simulations are consistent with the experimental measurements for all but the shortest wavelength perturbations, reinforcing the validity of radiation hydrodynamic simulations of ablation front growth in inertial confinement fusion capsules.
Influence of small Pt additions on Al2O3 scale adherence

The effects of small Pt additions (1 or 3 wt.%) on the oxidation behavior of Co-10Cr-11Al and a similar alloy containing Hf have been studied. An intermetallic phase was present in the alloy containing Hf and Pt but not in that containing Pt alone. The size and distribution of the intermetallic was comparable to that of similar alloys containing oxide dispersions produced by a controlled internal oxidation treatment. As a consequence it promoted the formation of inwardly growing Al2O3 pegs that helped key the surface scale to the substrate and improve the scale-metal adhesion in both isothermal and cyclic oxidation tests. The improvement in overall oxidation resistance relative to an addition-free alloy was considerable, and similar to that of the best oxide dispersion-containing alloys.
Management of the Obese Patient

Obesity is common, being seen in about one-third of all patients, including critically ill patients. Obese patients have particular problems in management. Obesity itself may or may not be a risk factor for poor outcomes; evidence varies. But there is clear evidence that several associated problems produce difficulties. Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are common, especially in grade II and III obesity. Diabetes mellitus, likewise, predisposes to a poor outcome. Management of the glucose levels can be difficult, as insulin resistance tends to become worse in stress or following trauma or surgery. Hypoventilation syndrome and/or obstructive sleep apnea are common. Cardiac impairment is common. Past all of these co-morbidities, it is difficult to know even how much to feed obese patients. Determination of the proper calorie and protein intake by the usual formulas is inaccurate. Some obese patients are actually poorly nourished, with low muscle mass and other signs of malnutrition. This “sarcopenic obesity” is a risk factor in itself. Obese patients tend to have a high protein turnover rate, indicating a need for higher than usual protein intake. Current management has focused on a hypocaloric, high protein, feeding regimen. There is published evidence that this is effective in terms of nitrogen balance. But larger and more comprehensive studies are still needed.
Nursing on the caring edge: Metaphorical vignettes

This article attempts to convey some enduring truths about nursing on the caring edge of evolutionary human consciousness. A format of selected literary and poetic metaphorical vignettes is used to depict the tacit, expressive elements of caring in nursing that give it an evolutionary edge in the health care system and in society.
Hemoglobinometry as a Method for Measuring Blood Meal Sizes of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

A standardized clinical method for measuring hemoglobin has been applied to the measurement of the quantity of blood ingested by Aedes aegypti feeding on a vertebrate host. The midgut of a blood-fed mosquito is added to a reagent which converts all hemoglobin to hemiglobincyanide (HiCN) which can be read spectrophotometrically. A sample of the host's blood is required as a standard. We established the validity of this method by comparing hemoglobin determinations with the size of blood meals measured by weight as well as with blood meals administered as enemas. The method is independent of urination and digestion by the mosquito for at least 12 h after feeding (at 27°C) and can be applied to females feeding on an unrestrained host during crepuscular or dark periods. A disadvantage of this method is that females must be killed in order to determine the volume of blood they ingest. Once converted to hemiglobincyanide, the blood meal can be frozen and stored for later analysis.
Low Temperature Studies on the Isolated Heart of the Beetle, Popilius Disjunctus (Illiger)

The effects of brief and extended treatments at subzero temperatures have been studied using the isolated heart of the beetle Popilius disjunclus. This preparation is especially favorable for low temperature studies in that it can be maintained in vitro for periods up to 33 hours and provides several criteria for quantifying injury. In insect Ringer approximately one-third of the hearts exposed at −6° to −8° resumed contraction after thawing, but none recovered after exposure at −20°. Glycerol in concentrations of 5% to 30% protected hearts exposed at −20° for 18 hours, with greatest protection at 5% and 10% glycerol. Glycerol concentrations of 0.1% and 1% were ineffective. In 10% glycerol-Ringer hearts showed a high percentage survival at −18° to −20° through 11 days storage but a marked decrease in survival after 15 and 20 days storage. In contrast to results of others on vertebrate material, recovery never occurred after brief exposures at −70° to −76° regardless of concentration of glycerol or rate of freezing and thawing. As the period of storage was increased from 1 to 20 days progressive changes were found in three parameters of heart activity after thawing: (1) the period of survivals in viro decreased; (2) the rate of contraction decreased; and (3) the time before the resumption of contraction increased. The effects of storage have been considered in terms of the continuation of chemical reactions at subzero temperatures and the preferential inhibition of certain reactions resulting from differences in temperature coefficients.
Glaucoma Drainage Implant Surgery Combined with Pars Plana Vitrectomy and KPro Implantation

Glaucoma occurs with a relatively high frequency after Boston KPro (KPro) implantation. Disease course is often aggressive in nature and requires surgical intervention. Combined surgical techniques involving glaucoma drainage implant (GDI) surgery at the time of initial KPro implantation provide for successful postoperative results. The current chapter describes a technique involving combined GDI, KPro, and vitreoretinal surgeries. Posterior placement of the GDI tube allows for adequate postoperative contact lens fitting, decreasing the risk of conjunctival erosion and subsequent tube exposure. Patient candidates for this procedure must demonstrate medical and social stability as rigorous postoperative care is required to allow for proper monitoring and adjustment of medications. Coordination of care among expert ophthalmic subspecialists allows for optimal surgical outcome.
Degradation of nano-scale cathodes: a new paradigm for selecting low-temperature solid oxide cell materials

Oxygen electrodes have been able to meet area specific resistance targets for solid oxide cell operating temperatures as low as ∼500 °C, but their stability over expected device operation times of up to 50000 h is unknown. Achieving good performance at such temperatures requires mixed ionically and electronically-conducting electrodes with nano-scale structure that makes the electrode susceptible to particle coarsening and, as a result, electrode resistance degradation. Here we describe accelerated life testing of nanostructured Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3–Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 electrodes combining impedance spectroscopy and microstructural evaluation. Measured electrochemical performance degradation is accurately fitted using a coarsening model that is then used to predict cell operating conditions where required performance and long-term stability are both achieved. A new electrode material figure of merit based on both performance and stability metrics is proposed. An implication is that cation diffusion, which determines the coarsening rate, must be considered along with oxygen transport kinetics in the selection of optimal electrode materials.
LIXEL:Novel Modeling and Rendering Method in Real Time Haptic Human-machine Interaction

According to the requirement in spatial trajectory-guided haptic human-machine interaction process, line-based modeling and real-time rendering method were introduced. In modeling method, LIXEL (line elements) were defined to form the basic units of modeling 3D complex trajectories. Topological structure between line elements was modeled by feature points, which includes linkages and sequence between line elements within a specified complex trajectory. In real-time rendering, a novel collision detection algorithm based on Bezier curve was introduced to satisfy the 1kHz update rate requirement in force rendering loop, which was evolved from the De Casteljau algorithm. Stability control during the force feedback procedure was ensured by detecting feature planes between line elements. The force feedback enabled Chinese calligraphy training system based on line-based modeling method was developed. Experiment results prove that the line-based modeling method can stably simulate the force feedback enabled guiding procedure with fidelity during the calligraphy training.
SIP: Architecture and Application

Currently,we have separate networks for voice and data.Because of the prevalence of Internet and its increasingly wider bandwidth,there is a move to merge such two networks.It is promising that voice will be transferred in packets across internet,which will bring benefits for both users and carriers.Internet telephony(VOIP) is a technology which focuses on the real-time delivery of voice between two and more parties.In this paper,we will describe the architecture and application of one important VOIP technology,SIP,because of its advantages over H.323.We explain the different entities of SIP architecture,the interaction between them using SIP signaling,and the interconnecting of a SIP network with other networks.As an application example,we designed a SIP network for an example multinational company.We will investigate its performance using simulation software OPNET.
Heteropoly “Browns” as Class I Mixed Valence (W(IV,VI)) Complexes. Tungsten‐183 NMR of W(IV) Trimers.

Solutions of the 6-electron reduced "heteropoly browns" of the Keggin anions α-SiW12O44-0, α-BW12O45-0, and α-(H2)W12O640 have been investigated by 183W NMR spectroscopy.
Production of Algal Biomass

Among renewable resources, algae have proven to be an attractive feedstock for rapid generation of carbohydrates and lipids by utilizing its photosynthetic ability to present itself as an alternative energy source. Different species of algae, being environmental friendly, are strong candidates for generation of biomass, and are used in production of biogas and biofuel. Continuous efforts are being made to increase its large-scale production by application of specific methods chosen on the basis of desired downstream processing and final application of algal biomass. Biomass production is dependent upon cultivation methods for harvesting, followed by quantification of biochemical composition of biomass. Harvesting of algal mass is a major concern playing crucial role in determination of process economy required for further applications including biofuel production. Although algal biomass appears to be an efficient substrate for biofuel production, the progress is hindered by ammonia inhibition and ion toxicity. Further research is needed to replace the continuously depleting energy sources with renewable, eco-friendly sources.
Structure of the Los Angeles Basin from ambient noise and receiver functions

A velocity (V_s) and structure model is derived for the Los Angeles Basin, California based on ambient-noise surface wave and receiver-function analysis, using data from a low-cost, short-duration, dense broad-band survey (LASSIE) deployed across the basin. The shear wave velocities show lateral variations at the Compton-Los Alamitos and the Whittier Faults. The basement beneath the Puente Hills–San Gabriel Valley shows an unusually high velocity (∼4.0 km s^(−1)) and indicates the presence of schist. The structure of the model shows that the basin is a maximum of 8 km deep along the profile and that the Moho rises to a depth of 17 km under the basin. The basin has a stretch factor of 2.6 in the centre grading to 1.3 at the edges and is in approximate isostatic equilibrium.
Neoliberalism and the Transformation of Work

Various writers see the dramatic concentration of power and wealth that currently exists in the USA as constituting a new Gilded Age. Similar to the extreme inequalities and abuses of industrial capitalism that were rampant in the late nineteenth century, this new Gilded Age is promoted by a radical pro-market agenda associated with the term “neoliberalism.” Neoliberalism can be regarded as an ideology, a form of governance, and a set of norms, policies, and practices that seek to eliminate or at least minimize the welfare state, discourage civic values such as solidarity and social/economic justice in favor of competition and individual freedom, and establish a society based on the rule of the market. In fact, under neoliberalism, the calculating logic of the market—one that submits every action and policy to considerations of profitability—serves as the guiding principle of virtually every aspect of social life.
When Should Patients with Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer Receive Chemotherapy

Advances in hepatic resection techniques and cytotoxic therapy over the last 30 years have led to vast improvements in outcomes after hepatic resection in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM). Nonetheless, the optimal sequence of therapy for CLM remains a significant clinical challenge. This chapter will summarize the evidence-based literature that pertains to the timing of chemotherapy in relation to surgery for CLM in the absence of extra-hepatic metastases.
Nodal Signaling and Congenital Heart Defects

Nodal is a TGF-β family member ligand that is critical for early embryonic patterning in vertebrates. Nodal signaling functions through core TGF-β receptors to activate a Smad transcription factor signaling cascade. However, unlike other TGF-β ligands, Nodal signaling requires an additional co-receptor of the EGF-CFC family to activate intracellular signaling. Nodal signaling is also subject to extensive negative regulation by Lefty and other factors. Work in numerous model organisms, including mouse, chicken, and zebrafish, established that Nodal signaling plays an essential role during germ layer formation, anterior-posterior axis patterning, and left-right axis determination. Incomplete or delayed loss of Nodal signaling results in defective organogenesis and birth defects, including congenital heart defects, and clinical studies have linked aberrant Nodal signaling in humans with many common congenital malformations, including congenital heart defects. Congenital heart defects associated with disrupted Nodal signaling in mammals include those that arise due to global defects in left-right patterning of the embryo, such as heterotaxy. Other Nodal-associated heart defects appear to occur as more subtle isolated malformations of the great arteries and atrioventricular septum, which may not be related to overall perturbations in laterality. A more detailed understanding of the Nodal signaling pathway and its targets in the heart is required to more fully understand the etiology of Nodal signaling pathway-associated congenital heart defects.
Loss of Control and Self-Regulation: The Role of Childhood Lessons

This article demonstrates that a loss of personal control leads to an increase in self-regulatory behavior. This occurs because a loss of control puts consumers at a deficit relative to one of the major lessons they learn during their childhood, which is to have control over the outcomes of their actions. This deficit triggers a compensatory process focused on following other lessons that consumers believe they learned during their childhood. Because exerting self-regulation is another major lesson parents emphasize, consumers engage in self-regulatory behavior to compensate for a loss of personal control. However, when consumers believe their parents emphasized self-regulation less strongly during childhood (i.e., they believe their parents had a more permissive style), a loss of control can reduce self-regulatory behavior. These findings have implications for what we know about the effects of childhood experiences on adult consumer behavior, the importance of individuals’ beliefs about childhood experiences in determining adult behavior, the consequences of low personal control, and the antecedents of self-regulatory behavior.
3D-printed dual band planar inverted F antenna

A proof of concept 3D printed planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) using Aerosol Jet Additive Manufacturing technology is presented. The cellphone handset PIFA presented in [1] for the 800 and 1900 MHz bands is scaled to 36.5 and 74.5 GHz. The simulated results yield return losses of 17.8 and 20.4 dB at 36.5 and 74.5 GHz, respectively. The maximum theta-pol realized gain is 2 dBi at both frequencies, and the maximum phi-pol realized gain is 2 dBi and 0 dBi at 36.5 and 76.5 GHz, respectively. The challenges include characterization of the printed materials at Ka- and W-band, metallizing a 5.6:1 aspect ratio via, and printing of the vertical short on the side of the dielectric.
Rapid synthesis of aurones under mild conditions using a combination of microwaves and deep eutectic solvents

Abstract The combination of microwave heating and the deep eutectic solvent formed from choline chloride and urea has resulted in a new, essentially neutral, yet rapid method for the synthesis of a wide range of aurone derivatives. While isolated yields remain somewhat variable, in virtually every case, a significant increase in yield has been observed on going from conventional thermal heating to microwave heating. In addition, some compounds inaccessible using prior methods have become reproducibly available using this modification. Further application of the combination of DES and microwave heating is expected to be highly promising and of general utility.
Parity Issues in Services Advertising

AbstractSignificant conceptual development in the services literature supports the notion that advertisers should provide many facts about their product to create a tangible perception of the service offering. However, when products are thought to have many substitutes in the minds of consumers, advertisers often believe it is important to use images to connect their product with particular lifestyles. This paper explores the assumptions that often lead to conflicting recommendations based on these perspectives. Managerial actions and research questions are proposed.
Inclusion or Interculturalidad : Attaining Equity in Higher Education for Indigenous Peoples in Mexico

This chapter provides a comparative analysis of two programs that aim to increase the access of Indigenous peoples to institutions of higher education in Mexico: the Ford Foundation’s International Fellowships Program and the state-run system of Intercultural Universities. Specifically, the author assesses whether these programs provide equitable and, critically intercultural teaching and learning opportunities for Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. While they each foster inclusion, the author argues that intercultural universities have the potential to challenge traditional Western and exclusive educational models by recognizing and promoting alternative ways of speaking, knowing, and working. Of primary concern are intercultural models of higher education that can prepare Indigenous graduates to overcome the colonial power dynamics by which they have traditionally been marginalized.
Morphology and chemistry of hornblende dissolution products in acid solutions

Abstract Artificial weathering of hornblende particles was conducted in buffered aqueous solutions at room temperature (25 °C) over a pH range of 3.4-4.6. Both ultrasonically cleaned starting materials and samples weathered for various periods of time (one to six months) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dissolution was incongruent with preferential removal of Ca, Al, Mg and Fe relative to Si. Surface weathering was discontinous. The weathered areas were uneven with preferential pitting along cleavage planes. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed altered hornblende with a layered structure. Smectite-like materials were removed from the weathered surfaces by sonication. It is unclear whether the smectite-like phase was a weathering product produced during the experiment or an alteration product of a mica impurity.
Across the Arid Diagonal: deglaciation of the western Andean Cordillera in southwest Bolivia and northern Chile

Here we review published cosmogenic records of glaciation and deglaciation from the western cordillera of the arid subtropical Andes of northern Chile and southwest Bolivia. Specifically, we examine seven published studies describing exposure ages from moraines and glaciated bedrock spanning the glaciological Arid Diagonal, the region of the dry Andes where there is no clear evidence for glaciation over at least the last global glaciation. We also present new cosmogenic 36 Cl exposure ages from two previously undated sets of moraines in the deglaciated region near 22oS. Taken together, these records indicate that the most extensive regional glaciation occurred ca. 35-45 ka, followed by slow, punctuated retreat through the global last glacial maximum, and rapid retreat after ~15-17 ka. In the vicinity of the large Altiplanic lakes that existed during the late glacial stage, the 15-17 ka moraines overrode the earlier moraines, whereas elsewhere regionally, on both sides of the Arid Diagonal, late glacial wet periods are represented only by less-prominent moraines in more retracted positions.
Kac–Moody Superalgebras and Integrability

The first part of this paper is a review and systematization of known results on (infinite-dimensional) contragredient Lie superalgebras and their representations. In the second part, we obtain character formulae for integrable highest weight representations of sl (1|n) and osp (2|2n); these formulae were conjectured by Kac–Wakimoto.
Omission of radiotherapy in elderly women with early stage metaplastic breast cancer.

Abstract Purpose Multiple studies have evaluated the omission of radiation therapy (RT) in elderly women with invasive carcinoma; no studies to date have assessed this question for metaplastic breast cancer (MBC). This study is the only known study describing national practice patterns and addressing the impact of RT versus observation on survival in elderly women with T1-2N0 MBC. Methods The National Cancer Data Base was queried (2004–2013) for women aged ≥70 years with T1-T2N0 MBC that underwent lumpectomy. Multivariable logistic regression ascertained factors associated with RT administration. Kaplan-Meier analysis evaluated overall survival (OS) between patients treated with or without postoperative RT. Cox proportional hazards modeling determined variables associated with OS. Propensity matching was performed in order to address indication bias. Results Of 547 total patients, 176 (32%) underwent observation, and 371 (68%) received postoperative RT. Temporal trends revealed that withholding RT steadily declined over the studied time period. RT delivery was less likely in patients not undergoing hormonal therapy or those ≥80 years old. In both the overall population and following propensity matching, delivery of RT was associated with higher OS (p Conclusions Although level I evidence exists to omit RT in select elderly women, this is the only study evaluating this notion for MBC. These results do not support the routine withholding of RT in T1-2N0 MBC owing to the independent association with worse survival.
Latitude and the Human Circadian System

The term “latitude” is here used in its geographical sense, and term “circadian system” implies the sum of circadian subsystems in an organism.
PHOTOOXIDATION REACTIONS OF PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES

The reactions of a variety of pyrethroids with triplet and singlet oxygen and with ozone have been studied. The principal identified oxidation processes of pyrethroids involve allylic oxidation, epoxidation, hydroperoxide formation and cleavage of the alkene substituent on the cyclopropane ring. Secondary reactions are detected during and after ester cleavage. A mutagenic photoproduct of allethronyl esters is described. It is formed by di-π-methane rearrangement of the allyl group, followed by epoxidation of the double bond in the cyclopentenolone ring.
The Motives Underlying Subjective Well Being

This chapter describes the various motivational states underlying subjective well being. To do this we start out by providing the reader with a framework or a language to help understand the underlying motives of subjective well being and why people do whatever it takes to enhance their subjective well being. Again, the focus here is on the “why” question. I will describe also the available evidence providing support for these motives. The chapter closes by outlining and highlighting 11 subjective well being strategies that are the subject of the remainder of the book.
Abstract 1479: Hypoxia upregulates the long noncoding RNA MALAT1 through increased chromatin looping

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a long noncoding RNA that is overexpressed in many solid tumors and promotes proliferation, angiogenesis, drug resistance, invasion and metastasis. MALAT1 contributes to oncogenesis through increased expression and splicing of cell cycle and motility-associated transcripts. While the role of MALAT1 in cancer progression is well understood, the mechanisms underlying MALAT1 overexpression in cancer are poorly characterized. Hypoxia is a known contributor to MALAT1 upregulation in multiple cancers, but the exact molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, we report that hypoxia causes changes in long-range chromatin interactions at the MALAT1 locus in breast cancer and upregulates MALAT1 in a hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-independent manner.To determine the mechanism of hypoxic-mediated upregulation, we first cultured a panel of cell lines including one non-tumorigenic, immortalized mammary cell line (MCF10A) and eight breast cancer cell lines in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2) for 24 hours. This demonstrated MALAT1 was upregulated under hypoxia in only the cancer cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) demonstrated both HIF-1α and HIF-2α enrichment increased at the MALAT1 promoter in the cancer lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 under hypoxia, but HIF knockdown had no effect on MALAT1 expression. Through an extensive genomic data analysis, we then identified two putative enhancer elements at -21kb and -11kb upstream of the transcription start site and one downstream of the transcription termination site (+9kb enhancer). ChIP-qPCR showed an increased in active promoter mark H3K4me3 at the promoter, active enhancer mark H3K4me1 at the +9 and -11kb enhancers, and increase in RNA polymerase II occupancy at the promoter, +9, -11, and -21kb enhancers under hypoxia. To investigate whether these enhancers regulate MALAT1 expression through long-range chromatin interactions, we performed chromosome conformation capture and qPCR (3C-qPCR). The results demonstrated a hypoxic-specific increase in chromatin interaction between the enhancer elements and promoter in the cancer lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, which were notably absent in the non-tumorigenic line MCF10A. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a novel mechanism of MALAT1 upregulation in hypoxia specific to cancer cells. Increased chromatin looping and contacts between enhancer elements allow upregulation of MALAT1, which does not depend on HIF, suggesting other cancer-specific factor(s) guide loop formation or take advantage of this novel structure for transcription initiation. Citation Format: Joshua Kenneth Stone, Jung-Hyun Kim, Ming Tan, Eun-Young Erin Ahn. Hypoxia upregulates the long noncoding RNA MALAT1 through increased chromatin looping [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1479.