cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Order, Reputation and Narrative: Forms of State Violence in Late Socialist Macedonia

Taking the view that micro-historical approaches augment our understanding of how sweeping societal change is experienced and enacted ‘from below’ by human actors, this paper focuses on the largely forgotten ‘Vevcani affair’ (1987–1989) to illuminate some under-examined modalities of violence in the waning years of Communist Party rule in Yugoslavia. In particular, the paper seeks to trace how physical violence by security forces against residents of Vevcani, a village in Western Macedonia, in August 1987 (as well as an earlier confrontation in May 1987) was part of a larger framework of forces, which included three other modalities of violence here defined as existential, reputational and narratival. The paper also examines the degree to which this particular dispute in the Republic of Macedonia became part of broader political battles in Yugoslavia, and how the existence of differentiated ‘publics’ within an increasingly tenuous federation operated to accelerate the dramatic changes under way in the dif...
Bioenergetic responses of a benthic forage fish (Fundulus heteroclitus) to habitat degradation and altered prey community in polluted salt marshes

In this study, we examined bioenergetic responses of age-2+ and age-3+ mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) to degraded habitat condition and impoverished benthic prey community in polluted salt mars...
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy: review of pharmacologic treatment options.

Background Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a multifactorial disorder, which occurs as a result of treatment-related endothelial injury and underlying disease process after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The reported incidence of TA-TMA after HSCT is 0% to 74% and has shown to be associated with mortality rate of up to 100%. TA-TMA is often diagnosed late in the disease progression, and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has not been shown to produce a high response rate. Study Design and Methods All English-language articles describing pharmacologic treatments for TA-TMA were identified using Ovid in the Medline database (1966-May 2014). Search was limited to the HSCT population. Results Approximately 50% to 63% of patients with TA-TMA respond to withdrawal of the offending agent (calcineurin inhibitors) and TPE, and many will require additional treatment to better control the disease. Unfortunately, there is no established treatment strategy for TA-TMA. A number of pharmacologic agents that have been explored for the treatment of TA-TMA include rituximab, vincristine, defibrotide, pravastatin, and eculizumab. The overall response rates of these agents were similar (69%-80%); however, the differences in the treatment costs vary significantly between these agents. Defibrotide is an investigational agent in the United States; therefore, it is not readily available for use. Conclusion Larger studies are warranted to validate the role of these pharmacologic agents in TA-TMA as upfront therapy and in TPE-refractory patients. Recently suggested predictive biomarkers for TA-TMA, such as neutrophil extracellular traps and circulating endothelial cells, deserve more attention in future studies.
Scale Effects in Mutual Fund Performance: The Role of Trading Costs

Berk and Green (2004) argue that investment inflow at high-performing mutual funds eliminates return persistence because fund managers face diminishing returns to scale. Our study examines the role of trading costs as a source of diseconomies of scale for mutual funds. We estimate annual trading costs for a large sample of equity funds and find that they are comparable in magnitude to the expense ratio; that they have higher cross-sectional variation that is related to fund trade size; and that they have an increasingly detrimental impact on performance as the fund's relative trade size increases. Moreover, relative trade size subsumes fund size in regressions of fund returns, which suggests that trading costs are the primary source of diseconomies of scale for funds.
Flavor-changing scalar interactions.

The smallness of fermion masses and mixing angles has recently been attributed to approximate global U(1) symmetries, one for each fermion type. The parameters associated with these symmetry breakings are estimated here directly from observed masses and mixing angles. It turns out that although flavor-changing reaction rates may be acceptably small in electroweak theories with several scalar doublets without imposing any special symmetries on the scalars themselves, such theories generically yield to much [ital CP] violation in the neutral kaon mass matrix. Hence in these theories [ital CP] must also be a good approximate symmetry. Such models provide an alternative mechanism for [ital CP] violation and have various interesting phenomenological features.
Ultrasonic/sonic sampler and sensor platform for in-situ planetary exploration

The search for existing or past life in the Universe is one of the most important objectives of NASA's mission. In support of this objective, an ultrasonic/sonic mechanism is currently being developed at JPL to allow probing and sampling of rocks and to use the mechanism as a sensor platform for in-situ planetary analysis. The technology is based on the novel Ultrasonic/Sonic Driller/Corer (USDC), which requires low axial force, thereby overcoming one of the major limitations of planetary sampling using conventional drills in low gravity environments. The USDC was demonstrated to: 1) drill ice and various rocks including granite, diorite, basalt and limestone, 2) not require bit sharpening, 3) operate at low and high temperatures, and 4) operate at low average power using duty cycling.. The capabilities that are being investigated include probing the ground to select sampling sites, collecting various forms of samples, and hosting sensors for measuring various properties. A series of modifications of the USDC basic configuration were implemented including an ultrasonic abrasion tool (URAT), Ultrasonic Gopher for deep drilling, and the Lab-on-a-drill. These modifications will be described in this paper.
Readability of Self-Report Alcohol Misuse Measures

Objective:Self-report measures of alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorders are valuable assessment tools for both research and clinical practice settings. However, readability is often overlooked when establishing the validity of these measures, which may result in measures written at a reading-grade level that is higher than the ability level of many potential respondents. The aim of the current study was to estimate the reading-grade level of validated measures of alcohol misuse and associated problems.Method:A total of 45 measures were identified, and reading-grade level was calculated using three validated readability formulas.Results:The majority of measures were written above the recommended reading-grade level for patient materials (5th–6th grade), with particularly poor readability for measure instructions.Conclusions:Given that many self-report alcohol misuse measures are written at a high reading-grade level, the consideration of readability is important when selecting measures for use in resear...
A delay-insensitive bus-invert code and hardware support for robust asynchronous global communication

A new class of delay-insensitive (DI) codes, called DI Bus-Invert, is introduced for timing-robust global asynchronous communication. This work builds loosely on an earlier synchronous bus-invert approach for low power by Stan and Burleson, but with significant modifications to ensure that delay-insensitivity is guaranteed. The goal is to minimize the average number of wire transitions per communication {a metric for dynamic power), while maintaining good coding efficiency. Basic implementations of the key supporting hardware blocks (encoder, completion detector, decoder) for the DI bus-invert codes are also presented. Each design was synthesized using the UC Berkeley ABC tool and technology mapped to a 90nm industrial standard cell library. When compared to the most coding-efficient systematic DIcode (i.e. Berger) over a range of field sizes from 2 to 14 bits, the DI bus-invert codes had 24.6 to 42.9% fewer wire transitions per transaction, while providing comparable coding efficiency. In comparison to the most coding-efficient non-systematic DI code (i.e. m-of-n), the DI bus-invert code had similar coding efficiency and number of wire transitions per transaction, but with significantly lower hardware overhead.
CALCIUM BINDING TO SNAP BEAN WATER‐INSOLUBLE SOLIDS. CALCIUM AND SODIUM CONCENTRATIONS

A limit of calcium binding on insoluble solids of canned beans is approximately 10,000 mg/kg. This amount is increased in snap beans that undergo a low temperature blanch. Sodium chloride de creases the binding of calcium and the firmness of the canned beans.
Platelet–wall interactions in continuum models of platelet thrombosis: formulation and numerical solution

A model is developed to describe the formation of platelet thrombi in coronary-artery-sized blood vessels. It involves interactions among a viscous, incompressible fluid; populations of non-activated and activated platelets; activating chemicals; and the vessel walls. Adhesion of platelets to the injured wall and cohesion between activated platelets is modelled using distributions of elastic links which generate stresses that can influence the fluid motion. The first version of the model presented involves two spatial scales: the microscale of the platelets and the macroscale of the vessel. A closure approximation is introduced that allows essential microscale behaviour to be computed while eliminating the necessity to explicitly track events on this scale. Computational methods are presented that meet the diverse challenges posed by the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations of the model and by the complex geometry of the constricted vessels in which the thrombosis simulations are carried out. Simulation results demonstrate that the model can produce thrombi that grow to occlude the vessel, that shear-stress exerted by the fluid on the thrombi can modify their subsequent growth and cause remodelling of their shape through small-scale local changes or large-scale structural breakup.
Dynamic Covalent Assembly of Peptoid-Based Ladder Oligomers by Vernier Templating

Dynamic covalent chemistry, in conjunction with template-directed assembly, enables the fabrication of extended nanostructures that are both precise and tough. Here we demonstrate the dynamic covalent assembly of peptoid-based molecular ladders with up to 12 rungs via scandium(III)-catalyzed imine metathesis by employing the principle of Vernier templating, where small precursor units with mismatched numbers of complementary functional groups are coreacted to yield larger structures with sizes determined by the respective precursor functionalities. Owing to their monomer diversity and synthetic accessibility, sequence-specific oligopeptoids bearing dynamic covalent pendant groups were employed as precursors for molecular ladder fabrication. The generated structures were characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and gel permeation chromatography, confirming successful molecular ladder fabrication.
Supporting Congregational Inclusion for Children and Youth With Disabilities and Their Families

Although considerable attention has focused on the inclusion of young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in school, work, and residential settings, less is known about their involvement in religious activities. This article focuses on supporting the presence and participation of people with disabilities and their families in their faith communities (i.e., congregational inclusion). The authors examined the needs and experiences of these families—as well as the responses of congregations—in a study exploring 433 parents’ views regarding the helpfulness and availability of 14 congregation-provided supports, selected indicators of congregational inclusion, and their associations with various child, family, and congregation factors. Findings from this study inform efforts by congregations and professionals to effectively support the involvement of families and highlight potential areas for future research and practice at the intersection of faith and disability.
An Empirical Investigation of Surgical Flow Disruptions and their Relationship to Surgical Errors

Surgical flow disruptions can significantly increase the probability of surgical errors. However, little is known about the frequency and nature of surgical flow disruptions, making the development of evidence-based interventions extremely difficult. The goal of this project was to prospectively study surgical errors and their relationship to surgical flow disruptions within the context of cardiac surgery. A trained observer recorded surgical errors and flow disruptions during 31 cardiac operations over a three-week period. Flow disruptions were then reviewed and analyzed by an interdisciplinary team of surgical and human factors experts. Results revealed that flow disruptions consisted of teamwork/communication failures, equipment and technology problems, extraneous interruptions, training-related distractions, and resource accessibility issues. Errors increased significantly with increases in flow disruptions. Teamwork/communication failures were the strongest predictor of surgical errors. These finding...
Observations on the relationship between hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza viruses.

SummaryA number of mucoids of varying NANA content were found to differ widely in their capacity to inhibit the hemagglutinin of several strains of myxovirus when assayed under standardized conditions. This pattern of inhibition bore no quantitative relationship to the content of NANA of individual mucoids, each of which was found to be susceptible to the neuraminidase of 2 or more strains of active virus. Receptor substance from human and guinea pig erythrocytes inhibited hemagglutination and was susceptible to viral neuraminidase. Stroma and sialic acid-containing receptor-like substances from sheep erythrocytes were neither capable of inhibiting hemagglutination nor susceptible to viral neuraminidase. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the separate identities of myxovirus hemagglutinin and enzyme.
Comparing results from two smoking cessation trials that used participatory research methods

of depression. The study utilized a sample composed of adolescents and young adults (N=43). Results: Our results showed that the interaction between depression and bodyweight status had an effect on the rate of alcohol consumption in study participants [F(1, 42) =4.837, p< .05]. Our results indicated that healthy weight individuals who scored low on depressionwere ranked high in alcohol consumption (M=2.82), followed by overweight/obese individuals who scored high on depression (M=2.33), then by healthy weight individuals who scored high on depression (M=1.91). Overweight participants who scored low on depression also scored the lowest on rate of alcohol consumption (M=1.67). Conclusions: These findings indicate that body weight status and depression interact in such a way that they influence the rate of alcohol consumption in adolescents and emerging adults. One possible explanation is that non-depressed, healthy weight individuals may engage in higher levels of social drinking than do their overweight peers. However, if the healthy weight individual is depressed, they may forgo these social outings. Obese individuals, who presumably are more impulsive, may be more likely to use drinking as a coping mechanism for their depression than are their healthy weight peers. Financial support: The study was financially supported by Dr. Sherecce Fields’ faculty start-up funds.
Animal grouping strategies, sources of variation, and economic factors affecting nutrient balance on dairy farms.

Increasing environmental concerns are forcing animal industries to reevaluate current feeding practices and their relationships to nutrient excretion. Previous modeling efforts have used simple budgets of nutrient flows through animals, assuming a constant productivity level. This assumption is not valid if animals are not in a steady state. A response model of dairy cow production to levels of net energy for lactation (NE L ) and crude protein (CP) was derived from an abrupt threshold and plateau model of individuals. Monte Carlo techniques were used to simulate populations of cows fed diets of various NE L and CP concentrations, to derive the optimum allocation of NE L and CP, and to estimate how the optimum is affected by herd production potential, prices of inputs, and uncertainty of parameters. The simulation showed that a 25% increase in milk production reduced N excretion per kilogram of milk produced by 8%. Improved knowledge of the biology involved and feed composition can reduce N excretion by an additional 8%. Grouping strategies and number of groups used affect optimum allocation of nutrients. An optimum of six milking groups per production unit was derived from the simulation and would reduce N excretion by 8% compared to herds fed in one group.
Tactile Memory: An Autoethnographic Sketch

Autoethnographic sketching allows for examination of various elements of lived experience. This article focuses on tactile memory.
Improvements in Fabrication of Elastic Scattering Foils Used to Measure Neutron Yield by the Magnetic Recoil Spectrometer

The magnetic recoil spectrometer uses a deuterated polyethylene polymer (CD2) foil to measure neutron yield in inertial confinement fusion experiments. Higher neutron yields in recent experiments h...
S100B and S100B autoantibody as biomarkers for early detection of brain metastases in lung cancer.

BACKGROUND S100B is an astrocytic protein that enters the blood stream when there is disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Over time, antibodies against S100B develop in the sera of patients who experience persistent or repeated BBB disruptions. We explored the use of serum S100B protein and S100B autoantibodies for the detection of brain metastasis in patients with lung cancer. METHODS One hundred and twenty eight untreated patients with lung cancer who had brain imaging performed as part of their routine evaluation, participated. Serum S100B protein levels were measured by direct ELISA and S100B autoantibody levels by reverse ELISA. These levels in patients with brain metastases were compared alone and in combination to those without brain metastases. RESULTS Eighteen (14%) patients had brain metastasis at the time of lung cancer diagnosis. An S100B cutoff of 0.058 ng/mL had a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 43% for brain metastasis. When an autoantibody threshold of <2.00 absorbance units was used in conjunction with S100B, the sensitivity remained at 89%, and the specificity increased to 58%. The overall accuracy was 51% with S100B alone, improving to 62.5% when combined with autoantibodies. CONCLUSIONS Serum S100B and S100B autoantibody levels may help to identify which lung cancer patients have brain metastases.
A high-performance area-efficient AES cipher on a many-core platform

This paper presents the design and software implementation of a high-performance area-efficient Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cipher on a many-core platform. A preliminary cipher design is partitioned and mapped to an array of 70 small processors, and offers a throughput of 16.625 clock cycles per byte. The usage of instruction and data memory, and the workload of each processor are characterized for further optimization. Through workload balancing and processor fusion, the throughput of the cipher is increased by 43% to 9.5 clock cycles per byte, while the number of processors utilized is reduced to 59, which is only 10.03 mm2 in a 65 nm fine-grained many-core system. In comparison with published AES implementations on general purpose processors, our design has 3.6–10.7 times higher throughput per area. Moreover, the presented design shows 1.5 times higher throughput than the TI DSP C6201 and 3.4 times higher throughput per area than the GeForce 8800 GTX.
Elliptical slice sampling with expectation propagation

Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques remain the gold standard for approximate Bayesian inference, but their practical issues — including onerous runtime and sensitivity to tuning parameters — often lead researchers to use faster but typically less accurate deterministic approximations. Here we couple the fast but biased deterministic approximation offered by expectation propagation with elliptical slice sampling, a state-of-the-art MCMC method. We extend our hybrid deterministic-MCMC method to include recycled samples and analytical slices, and we rigorously prove the validity of each enhancement. Taken together, we show that these advances provide an order of magnitude gain in efficiency beyond existing state-of-the-art sampling techniques in Bayesian classification and multivariate gaussian quadrature problems.
Electrochemical Performance of Cu Nanoparticle/Carbonized Wood Electrode for Supercapacitor Application

The electrochemical effects of embedding Cu nanoparticles in carbonized wood supercapacitor electrodes have been investigated. The nanoparticles were embedded using a solution method. Subsequent X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the Cu nanoparticles were anchored uniformly on the surface and deep within the pores of the electrode. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed that the electrode has typical pseudocapacitive behavior, with two pairs of redox reaction peaks. The charge-discharge cycling also indicated that the redox charge transformation was a reversible process. An ultra-high specific capacitance of 888 F/g and an energy density of 123 Wh/kg were observed for the Cu loaded electrodes, as compared to the pure carbonized wood electrodes, which had a specific capacitance of 282 F/g and an energy density of 39 Wh/kg. Furthermore, both the carbonized wood and Cu loaded electrodes exhibited excellent long cycle abilities with at least 95% of the specific capacitance retained after 2000 cycles. These remarkable results demonstrate the potential for using Cu nanoparticle loaded carbonized wood as a high performance and environmentally friendly supercapacitor electrode material.
A Hidden Markov Model based dynamic scheduling approach for mobile cloud telemonitoring

Recent advances in mobile and cloud technologies have been proved to be a promising way to provide healthcare, particularly health monitoring, to individuals in a cost-effective, user-friendly, and pervasive way. However, in practical use, multiple objectives usually need to be considered and fulfilled when deploying such a mobile-cloud-based telemonitoring platform, such as processing latency, energy consumption, and diagnosis accuracy. Given the ever-changing clinical priorities, personal demands, and environmental conditions, it is imperative to explore a smart scheduling and management approach capable of dynamically adjusting the offloading strategy on this mobile-cloud infrastructure. In this study, we propose a new Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based dynamic scheduling approach to allow the system to adapt to the changing requirements.
Magnetization dynamics and damping behavior of Co/Ni multilayers with a graded Ta capping layer

Magnetization dynamics of a Co/Ni multilayer film capped by a wedged Ta (0.3–1.3 nm) layer were investigated using time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr microscopy. The ferromagnetic resonance was observed for a wide range of magnetic fields in a variety of geometries. Using a macrospin approximation and the Kittel formula to evaluate the relaxation frequency, a significant increase of the effective anisotropy field was observed as the Ta layer thickness is increased. Furthermore, the damping behavior of the magnetization precession also shows a strong dependence on the Ta layer thickness. Using a model to account for variations of the local anisotropy fields, we reproduce the field evolution of the observed damping using a single Gilbert damping parameter for the Co/Ni system. These findings have direct implications for the rational design of novel spintronic devices.
A Great Place to Have a War. America in Laos and the Birth of a Military CIAJoshua Kurlantzick (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016)

The so-called secret war, waged by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Laos, is still sometimes claimed to be little known. In fact, there is now a very considerable journalistic and academic ...
Virtual Worlds for Young People in a Program Context: Lessons from Four Case Studies

This chapter introduces some of the challenges and opportunities involved in designing, implementing, and evaluating psychoeducational intervention programs that use virtual worlds specifically designed for children. The research is based on over a decade of conducting several studies with different kinds of young people and contexts. The chapter will first present the technology, the Zora three-dimensional (3D) multiuser virtual environment, and the theoretical framework upon which it was designed. Latter it discussed four different case studies in which Zora was used: with a diverse group of children in a multicultural summer camp, with incoming freshman at a northeastern university, with transplant patients at Children’s Hospital Boston, and with children in a network of after school programs all around the world. By presenting each of these case studies, the chapter will focus on eight considerations to take into account when designing and implementing programs that use virtual worlds specifically aimed for children’s development and education: (1) curriculum, (2) mentoring model, (3) diversity, (4) project scale, (5) type of contact with participants, (6) type of assessment and evaluation, (7) access environment, and (8) institutional context of usage.
The Fluid Perception of Racial Identity: The Role of Friendship Groups

Scholars view racial identity as a fluid social construction that can shift with time and context. But outside of academia, do people intuitively see racial identity as fluid or fixed? Four studies...
The Impact of Presentation Format on Younger and Older Adults' Self-Regulated Learning.

ABSTRACTBackground/Study Context: Self-regulated learning involves deciding what to study and for how long. Debate surrounds whether individuals’ selections are influenced more by item complexity, point values, or if instead people select in a left-to-right reading order, ignoring item complexity and value. The present study manipulated whether point values and presentation format favored selection of simple or complex Chinese-English pairs to assess the impact on younger and older adults’ selection behaviors.Methods: One hundred and five younger (Mage = 20.26, SD = 2.38) and 102 older adults (Mage = 70.28, SD = 6.37) participated in the experiment. Participants studied four different 3 × 3 grids (two per trial), each containing three simple, three medium, and three complex Chinese-English vocabulary pairs presented in either a simple-first or complex-first order, depending on condition. Point values were assigned in either a 2–4–8 or 8–4–2 order so that either simple or complex items were favored.Results...
Relative Permeability of Williston Basin CO2 Storage Targets

Abstract Theoretical and preliminary laboratory-based CO2/brine relative permeability curves were generated for a set of samples representing potential CO2 storage reservoirs within the Williston Basin. Permeability, petrographic, and petrophysical properties were also determined for each sample tested. Clastic and carbonate rock types were tested in an effort to provide previously unavailable data on potential CO2 storage reservoirs. The sample set tested is considered representative of potential injection targets for rock types found throughout the world and may provide useful analogs for underexplored regions where geologic storage of CO2 is being considered.
Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions and unplanned readmissions among Medicare beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Introduction Medicare beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) may have more potentially avoidable hospitalizations and readmissions than people without dementia. These hospitalizations may be indicative of access barriers, problems in continuity of care, inefficient resource use, and poor patient outcomes. Methods We examined national frequency and costs of ambulatory care sensitive condition hospitalizations and unplanned, all-cause, and condition-specific 30-day readmissions in >2.7 million fee-for-service ADRD patients using 2013 Medicare claims data. Results In 2013, 410,000 Medicare ADRD patients had ambulatory care sensitive condition hospitalizations or unplanned 30-day readmissions costing $4.7 billion. One in 10 ADRD patients were hospitalized for a potentially avoidable condition. Almost one in five hospitalized ADRD patients had an unplanned 30-day readmission. Readmission rates were highest among ADRD patients initially hospitalized for heart failure (22%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (21%). Discussion Our findings may suggest potential deficiencies in ambulatory care and postdischarge care related to managing comorbidities among Medicare fee-for-service ADRD patients.
Hiding images in plain sight: deep steganography

Steganography is the practice of concealing a secret message within another, ordinary, message. Commonly, steganography is used to unobtrusively hide a small message within the noisy regions of a larger image. In this study, we attempt to place a full size color image within another image of the same size. Deep neural networks are simultaneously trained to create the hiding and revealing processes and are designed to specifically work as a pair. The system is trained on images drawn randomly from the ImageNet database, and works well on natural images from a wide variety of sources. Beyond demonstrating the successful application of deep learning to hiding images, we carefully examine how the result is achieved and explore extensions. Unlike many popular steganographic methods that encode the secret message within the least significant bits of the carrier image, our approach compresses and distributes the secret image's representation across all of the available bits.
Euclidean Space and Continuous Space

This chapter introduces Euclidean spaces, topological spaces, and their relationships to discrete spaces. We first introduce the concept of metrics, the distance measure of Euclidean spaces. Then, we introduce general continuous spaces—topological space. At the end, we discuss the relationship between continuous spaces and discrete spaces.
Reduced insulin sensitivity is correlated with impaired sleep in adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Background Prevalence of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) rises sharply in adolescence/young-adulthood and is associated with increased morbidity/mortality. Sleep may be a modifiable risk factor for diabetes but its relationship with metabolic function has not been fully examined in youth with CF. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between objectively measured sleep and glucose metabolism in youth with CF. Methods Adolescents (43 with CF and 11 healthy controls) completed 1-week of concurrent home continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and actigraphy. Fasting labs and an oral glucose tolerance test were obtained. T-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test differences between actigraphy outcomes in CF participants and controls. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used to test for correlations between actigraphy, CGM, and insulin sensitivity (IS) measures. Results All participants averaged insufficient sleep (mean = 7.5 hours per night) compared to the 8 to 10 hours recommended for this age group. CF participants had poorer sleep by actigraphy measures than healthy controls. Higher minimum daytime glucoses on CGM correlated with shorter total sleep time (TST) and worse sleep efficiency (SE). Reduced IS in CF participants with dysglycemia was correlated with shorter TST, longer sleep latency, more wake after sleep onset, and poorer SE. Conclusions Poor sleep appears to correlate with higher blood glucose and lower IS in CF adolescents with dysglycemia. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms and directionality behind this relationship.
Carbon Flow Patterns in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Accumulating Activated Sludge Cultures

Intracellular carbon flow in enhanced biological phosphorus accumulating cultures was tracked by using radiolabelled glucose and acetate as substrates. Batch studies using the labelled substrates verified that acetate and glucose were metabolized differently and acetate would be a more effective source of organic material for carbon supplementation. The use of acetate ensures that the greatest percentage of added carbon will be sequestered by phosphorus accumulating species. Carbon flow was also evaluated in bench-scale SBR system by wet chemistry methods to correlate the findings of the batch studies with that of the long-term carbon profiles.
Beyond the bubble: Preparing preservice teachers through dialogue across distance and difference

Abstract This article examines an exploratory project aimed at facilitating dialogue among ten preservice teachers from different sociocultural backgrounds attending two universities. Although preservice teachers in the United States are introduced to cultural diversity and culturally responsive teaching, some continue to have limited exposure to and engagement with ethnic, racial, linguistic, religious, and economic diversity. Through paired conversations and group discussions using video-conferencing technology, we sought to build dialogic bridges across distance and difference. We discuss participants’ efforts to engage in wider and deeper dialogues about themselves and tension topics. We identify challenges and limitations and offer suggestions for teacher education.
Unmanned aerial system based spectroradiometer for monitoring harmful algal blooms: A new paradigm in water quality monitoring

Abstract Water quality issues continue to impact recreational and resource use of waterways in the Great Lakes and across smaller inland water bodies in their watersheds. With the advancements in small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) and in small sensor production, sUAS offer flexibility to overcome several of the shortcomings of satellite and airborne systems, and complement their measurements in this environment. In this study, we deployed two different low-cost, boat launchable sUAS configurations instrumented with Ocean Optics STS hyperspectral Vis-NIR spectroradiometers capable of making measurements over an approximately 2.5 km2 area, below the cloud deck in the nearshore and open lake environment. Flights of these systems were conducted at ten locations over Lake Erie and the Maumee River. Measured spectra compared well with at-surface based Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) Fieldspec measured spectra, and derived parameters were consistent with in-water FluoroProbe measured water quality parameters and field observations. Using flight data, we constructed transect maps of derived CI products which show the variability in algae abundance in open water. These systems provide high quality, low cost, very high spatial resolution (cm to m scale measurements) hyperspectral data in the nearshore environment, can be consistently flown at low altitude (minimizing atmospheric effects) below cloud cover and can be deployed on extremely short notice. With the continued advancement in sensor development, automated flight capabilities, and increased flight duration from vertical take off and landing (VTOL) platforms, water quality observation platforms such as these will soon be a common tool in resource manager's toolboxes.
Neural Crest-Derived Human Cranial Pericytes Model Primary Forebrain Pericytes and Predict Disease-Specific Cranial Vasculature Defects.

Cranial pericytes that surround brain capillaries have emerged as critical regulators of endothelial cell function, cerebral blood-flow and blood-brain-barrier integrity, and have been linked to numerous neurological disorders including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). To model the role of human cranial pericytes in Central Nervous System (CNS) pathogenesis, we first developed a method to recapitulate the in vivo ontogeny of cranial pericytes by deriving them from pluripotent stem cells in vitro via a neural crest intermediate. Next, we demonstrate cellular, behavioral and functional equivalence of in vitro-derived and in vivo-isolated normal, human cranial pericytes also modelling selective transport across the blood brain barrier(BBB). Our studies comparing cranial pericytes from multiple disease models reveal disease-specific defects in pericyte functions – maturation, migration, tube-formation, contractility, and/or BBB regulation. Cranial pericyte defects in in vitro models can be rescued by CRISPR/Cas9 correction of the mutation. Thus, we provide a robust method for cranial pericyte derivation and demonstrate their utility in disease modeling and development of novel therapies.
Physician Review of a Celiac Disease Risk Estimation and Decision-Making Expert System

AbstractObjective: Celiac disease is a genetic disease affecting people of all ages, resulting in small intestine enteropathy. It is considered to be a clinical chameleon. Average prevalence of cel...
Development of a Diagnostic Technique to Track Magnetized Projectiles in Opaque Media

Abstract A new diagnostic method to measure the trajectory and orientation of a magnetized projectile traveling through opaque media in-situ has been developed. An array of magnetic field sensing coils placed around a projectile flight path produces raw voltage data that, upon analysis, yields the trajectory of the projectile. This paper discusses the theory of operation of the diagnostic, presents the analysis used to convert voltage signals to trajectory information, gives design details of the sensor array, and presents two representative experiments. In these experiments projectiles were launched from a 50-mm gun at a velocity of about 1 km/s. In both cases the projectiles perforated a 35 inch long, right circular cylinder filled with sand. Data from 24 sensing coils were recorded and analyzed to determine the trajectory and orientation of the projectiles from well before they impacted the opaque material until well after target exit. To test the validity of the method high-speed digital video cameras recorded the projectiles’ entry and exit for the same sand targets. Trajectory and orientations from the magnetic tracking technique compared well to camera observations.
Shelley’s Quest for Love: Queering Epipsychidion

This paper employs the concept of queer to examine Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Epipsychidion. Shelley’s idealism towards love was widely received in atheism, materialism and Platonism. Compared with other Romantic poets, Shelley exercised his concept of love very differently. Shelley’s quest for love is particularly discussed in most of his love poems. Among them Epipsychidionis a long poem that Shelley wrote to demonstrate his philosophy of love. In his later life, Shelley worked on translating Plato’s philosophy, particularly TheSymposium, which partly focuses on Greek love, and further pondered on his own sexuality. Shelley started to draw on atheistic materialism and Platonic metaphysics.Epipsychidionextends Shelley’s early concept of love, namely “a soul within our soul,” and dramatizes his narrator’s love towards a female character named Emily. Different from major perspectives from Shelley critics (Notopoulos, Wasserman, Sperry, Peterfreud) who particularly pay attention to Shelley’s love affairs, heterosexuality, as well as the real identity of Emily in Epipsychidion, the paper instead focuses on this poem to testify Shelley’s homosexuality. The closeted poet honestly, but vaguely, discloses his traumatic love towards his male “Emily” and eventually his potential suicide with the man. I argue that a queer reading of Shelley’s poetry helps to reexamine Shelley’s philosophy of love in Epipsychidion.
A Quantitative Proteome Map of the Human Body

Abstract Determining protein levels in each tissue and how they compare with RNA levels is important for understanding human biology and disease as well as regulatory processes that control protein levels. We quantified the relative protein levels from 12,627 genes across 32 normal human tissue types prepared by the GTEx project. Known and new tissue specific or enriched proteins (5,499) were identified and compared to transcriptome data. Many ubiquitous transcripts are found to encode highly tissue specific proteins. Discordance in the sites of RNA expression and protein detection also revealed potential sites of synthesis and action of protein signaling molecules. Overall, these results provide an extraordinary resource, and demonstrate that understanding protein levels can provide insights into metabolism, regulation, secretome, and human diseases. Summary Quantitative proteome study of 32 human tissues and integrated analysis with transcriptome data revealed that understanding protein levels could provide in-depth knowledge to post transcriptional or translational regulations, human metabolism, secretome, and diseases.
Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program and Post-Acute Care: Implications for Service Delivery and 30-Day Hospital Readmission.

Abstract Objectives Examine whether the introduction of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) is associated with changes in post-acute care (PAC) use and 30-day readmission. Design A retrospective cohort study examined data prepassage, preimplementation, and postimplementation of the HRRP. Setting and Participants In total, 7,851,430 Medicare beneficiaries discharged from 5116 acute hospitals to PAC settings including inpatient rehabilitation, skilled nursing, home health, or a long-term care hospital during 2007‒2015. We examined HRRP-targeted conditions (acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia) and nontargeted conditions (ischemic stroke, total hip arthroplasty/total knee arthroplasty, and hip/femur fractures). Measures The hospital-level of quarterly PAC use and the association with 30-day risk-standardized readmission rates. Outcomes were calculated for HRRP-targeted and nontargeted conditions/diagnoses across 3 phases of HRRP implementation. Results An increase in quarterly PAC use was significantly (P Conclusions and Implications The impact on readmission after PAC for selected impairment groups may be mediated by the type of PAC services received and whether the diagnoses is included in the HRRP. Additional research is necessary to determine if a reduction in readmission is associated with inclusion in the HRRP or is a side effect related to diagnostic group and/or type of PAC services received.
Individual differences in momentary pain-affect coupling and their associations with mental health in patients with chronic pain.

Abstract Objective Pain and affect are generally associated. However, individuals may differ in the magnitude of the coupling between pain and affect, which may have important implications for their mental health. The present study uses ecological momentary assessments (EMA) to examine individual differences in momentary pain-affect coupling and their associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Methods This study is a secondary data analysis of three primary EMA studies. Participants were a total of 290 patients with chronic pain. Results were synthesized across studies using meta-analytic techniques. Results Individuals whose pain was more strongly concurrently coupled with affect (positively associated with negative affect or negatively associated with positive affect) reported higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results from lagged analyses suggest that individual differences in affect reactivity to pain were not significantly associated with depressive or anxiety symptoms. Conclusion These findings suggest that individuals with greater concurrent coupling between pain and affect experience more mental health problems. Potential avenues for future research include intervention strategies that target the decoupling of pain and affect experiences in patients with chronic pain.
Exploring user perceptions of Surgical Tele-clinics during COVID-19: An Audit

ABSTRACT Background and Aims: To assess the user perceptions on efficiency and effectiveness of Tele-clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An audit collected feedback based on questionnaires from surgeons, patients and nurses, conducting/attending tele-clinics after 4 weeks of their initiation in the first surge of COVID-19 in the UK. Results: In this audit, 15 clinicians and 12 patients were opportunistically interviewed. 46% of the clinicians and 83% of the patients agreed that telephonic consultation was convenient, flexible and time-efficient. Two-thirds of clinicians felt that it required less staffing and therefore was cost-effective. Majority of patients (80%) agreed that tele-clinics were efficient, were associated with less stress/ anxiety. Most (86%) surgeons agreed that tele-clinics were limited by the lack of access to a detailed physical examination. Almost half the responses from clinicians, were positive regarding the effectiveness in reaching a diagnosis/ planning management, with a recognition of the potential risk for under or over-investigation. Most (91.6%) patients were satisfied with the way their clinical consultation was addressed. Some patients would still prefer to meet their doctor face-to-face to discuss a final management plan. Conclusions: Our audit provides evidence that Tele-clinics offered an efficient, potentially environmental conscious, cost-effective alternative to physical outpatient clinics, both to clinicians and patients, with recognised limitations.
Denosumab Use as a Predictor Variable for External Cervical Resorption: A Case-Control Study.

Abstract Introduction The objective of this case-control study was to investigate the association between denosumab use and the risk of developing external cervical resorption (ECR). Methods Thirty-three patients ≥45 years old who were diagnosed with ECR were selected. Controls were matched to the cases based on sex and age (±5 years) in a 1:1 ratio. Confounders were classified into systemic factors, including a history of systemic sclerosis, hepatitis B, denosumab use, and bisphosphonate use, or local factors, including a history of traumatic occlusion, periodontal procedures (scaling and root planing and periodontal surgeries), and tooth extraction (excluding third molar extraction). Additionally, the number of remaining teeth in each subject was recorded using panoramic radiographs. The baseline characteristics of the 2 groups, including age, sex, and the number of remaining teeth, were compared using the chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the possible association between denosumab use and the risk of developing ECR (α Results No significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the case and control groups (P > .05). After adjusting for systemic and local cofounders, denosumab use was significantly associated with the occurrence of ECR (odds ratio = 7.317; 95% confidence interval, 1.410–37.966; P Conclusions Based on the binary logistic regression model, denosumab use could significantly predict the risk of developing ECR.