cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting the capacity of an off-road self-loading drum mixer with different concrete consistencies through three-dimensional fluid dynamics analysis

The design features of machinery for concrete production are closely connected with the maximum volume capacity of processed material. Regarding the design of off-road concrete mixer trucks, there are many key parameters that define the final capacity, for example the geometric dimensions, the rotational speed and the concrete consistency. This paper presents a numerical investigation of an Eulerian–Eulerian multiphase CFD model applied to an off-road self-loading concrete truck mixer, which simulates the maximum concrete capacity by varying the concrete consistency. The calibration is performed by matching the maximum capacity of a commercially available drum, under different concrete consistency classes, with the yield stress value of the non-Newtonian Bingham model applied to the rheological properties of the simulated fresh concrete. This model can be used for the design of new concrete mixers, in order to predict the maximum capacity of the drum under different conditions and geometric design aspects. This work intends to highlight the calibration method and the numerical Bingham values applied to fresh concrete, in order to quantify concrete drum capacity while changing the fresh concrete consistency.
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in the Pediatric Setting

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare disease in children, presenting with variable severity. Most commonly, warm-reactive IgG antibodies bind erythrocytes at 37 °C and induce opsonization and phagocytosis mainly by the splenic macrophages, causing warm AIHA (w-AIHA). Post-infectious cold-reactive antibodies can also lead to hemolysis following the patient's exposure to cold temperatures, causing cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) due to IgM autoantibodies, or paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) due to atypical IgG autoantibodies which bind their target RBC antigen and fix complement at 4 °C. Cold-reactive antibodies mainly induce intravascular hemolysis after complement activation. Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is the gold standard for AIHA diagnosis; however, DAT negative results are seen in up to 11% of warm AIHA, highlighting the need to pursue further evaluation in cases with a phenotype compatible with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia despite negative DAT. Prompt supportive care, initiation of treatment with steroids for w-AIHA, and transfusion if necessary for symptomatic or fast-evolving anemia is crucial for a positive outcome. w-AIHA in children is often secondary to underlying immune dysregulation syndromes and thus, screening for such disorders is recommended at presentation, before initiating treatment with immunosuppressants, to determine prognosis and optimize long-term management potentially with novel targeted medications.
An empirical model of sunk costs and the decision to export

Exports respond unpredictably to a change in real exchange rates, suggests evidence from the 1980s. Recent theoretical work explains this as a consequence of the sunk costs associated with breaking into foreign markets. Sunk costs include the cost of packaging, upgrading product quality, establishing marketing channels, and accumulating information on demand sources. The authors use micro panel data to estimate a dynamic discrete-choice model of participation in export markets, a model derived from the Krugman-Baldwin sunk-cost hysteresis framework. Applying the model to data on manufacturing plants in Colombia (1981-89), they test for the presence of sunk entry costs and quantify the importance of those costs in explaining export patterns. The econometric results reject the hypothesis that sunk costs are zero. The results, which control for both observed and unobserved sources of plant heterogeneity, indicate that prior export market experience has a substantial effect on the probability of exporting, but its effect depreciates fairly quickly. The reentry costs of plants that have been out of the export market for a year are substantially lower than the costs of a first-time exporter. After a year out of the export market, however, the reentry costs are not significantly different from the entry costs. Plant characteristics are also associated with export behavior: large old plants owned by corporations are more likely to export than other plants. Variations in plant-level cost and demand conditions have much less effect on the profitability of exporting than variations in macroeconomic conditions and sunk costs do. It appears especially difficult to break into foreign markets during periods of world recession.
Bach: Mass in B Minor

The Mass in B Minor is arguably Bach's greatest single work. In this short guide John Butt considers the work from many angles offering the reader basic information in a concise and accessible form. The Mass in B Minor is fraught with difficulties regarding its origin, and ambiguities concerning its function. John Butt looks again at the historical sources and provides an up-to-date summary of existing research and opinions together with new insights of his own. He gives a vivid account of the work's genesis, its historical context, and its reception by later generations. One chapter considers the work movement by movement providing the text in both Latin and English. The final group of chapters on the music itself suggests some new approaches to the work - its forms, style and overall structure - which are both critically and historically based. This is an informative and lucid guide, valuable for student and music lover alike.
The Role of Spirituality and Religion

This chapter presents the role spirituality and religion played as both a guidepost and a cause of disdain in the participants’ work for social justice. The participants reported that spirituality and religion play a critical role in standing firm for social justice in the context of neoliberal policies that undermine and thwart social justice education initiatives. Most participants reported that a strong sense of spirituality gives them courage and conviction to continue with social justice education. The chapter provides reasons for exploration of spirituality in classrooms. Reflection questions at the end of the chapter invite the reader to think about issues of spirituality and how spirituality can be a springboard for social justice education in spite of the tensions that exist between public education and spirituality.
Analysis of dynamic voltage scaling for system level energy management

In this paper we show that in modern computing systems, DVFS gives much more limited energy savings with relatively high performance overhead as compared to running workloads at high speed and then transitioning into low power state. The primary reasons for this are recent advancements in platform and CPU architectures such as sophisticated memory subsystem design, and more efficient low power state support. We justify our analysis with measurements on a state of the art system using benchmarks ranging from very CPU intensive to memory intensive workloads.
Centrifuge Size & Operation Effects On Mouse Adaptation To +G

A centrifuge in space provides the only method to create environments between 0-1G to understand the interactions between biological systems and gravity. Current designs for an on-board centrifuge are short radius. However, the rotation rate to achieve +G increases as radius decreases, also enhancing irregularities in +G fields produced by centrifuge geometry and operation. Both centrifuge radius and rotation rate play a role in the adaptive response to altered G. This study examined the adaptation profiles of adult female mice to 8 weeks of chronic centrifugation. A rotation rate that would result in a 1.0 G environment in space was used to produce the maximum +G environment for this study. The +G field was either presented immediately upon centrifugation onset (acute) or in 4 equal increases (stepped) at two-week intervals. Data were collected from: experimental (short 0.67 m diameter), force control (large 4.5 m diameter), cage control (the experimental cage) and vivarium control groups. Each group had...
Herpes zoster granulomatous dermatitis: histopathologic findings in a case series

Several types of cutaneous reactions have been reported to arise at the site of herpes zoster (HZ) infection weeks to years after the acute disease. Among these, granulomatous reactions are the most frequently reported. In this study, we describe the spectrum of histopathologic findings of HZ granulomatous reactions observed in 26 patients with cutaneous lesions confined to the area of previous HZ eruption and compare them with biopsy specimens taken from 25 patients with acute HZ. All patients with persistent reactions from whom history was available presented within 12 weeks of the onset of the acute eruption. The most frequent findings were interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with lymphocytes, histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells displaying elastophagocytosis and a perineural, perivascular and perieccrine mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate rich in lymphocytes and plasma cells. Less common features included intra-arrector and peri-arrector pili granulomas, follicular dilatation and hyperkeratosis, and vasculitis. Specimens from patients with acute HZ were found to have small numbers of perineural plasma cells and most had subtle granulomatous inflammation, in patterns similar to the group with late granulomatous reactions. Our findings suggest that granulomatous reactions to varicella zoster virus represent a persistent evolving inflammatory reaction after acute infection.
Generalization-Based Privacy-Preserving Data Collection

In privacy-preserving data mining, there is a need to consider on-line data collection applications in a client-server-to-user (CS2U) model, in which a trusted server can help clients create and disseminate anonymous data. Existing privacy-preserving data publishing (PPDP) and privacy-preserving data collection (PPDC) methods do not sufficiently address the needs of these applications. In this paper, we present a novel PPDC method that lets respondents (clients) use generalization to create anonymous data in the CS2U model. Generalization is widely used for PPDP but has not been used for PPDC. We propose a new probabilistic privacy measure to model a distribution attack and use it to define the respondent's problem (RP) for finding an optimal anonymous tuple. We show that RP is NP-hard and present a heuristic algorithm for it. Our method is compared with a number of existing PPDC and PPDP methods in experiments based on two UCI datasets and two utility measures. Preliminary results show that our method can better protect against the distribution attack and provide good balance between privacy and data utility.
The role of top management team's information technology (IT) infrastructure view on new product development: Conceptualizing IT infrastructure capability as a mediator

Purpose – The purpose of this paper it to investigate how sophistication of top management view on information technology (IT) infrastructure influences the firm's IT infrastructure capability and the effect of IT infrastructure capability on new product development (NPD) process outcomes such as cost, cycle time, and quality.Design/methodology/approach – Drawing from research‐based and knowledge‐based theories, a conceptual model on how IT infrastructure influences NPD process efficiency is developed.Findings – The paper demonstrates that sophistication of top management view on IT Infrastructure enhances NPD process through its effect on IT infrastructure capability. IT infrastructure capability enhances the NPD process efficiency by reducing the cycle time and cost of NPD projects and improving the NPD process quality.Practical implications – It is useful for practitioners to know that by adopting an enabling IT infrastructure view, managers can create IT infrastructure capabilities that could improve ...
Unjust Patents & Bargaining Breakdown: When Is Declaratory Relief Needed?

The Declaratory Judgment Act is intended to give parties who are uncertain of their legal rights the ability to obtain a fair and impartial determination of those rights. Requests for declaratory relief are particularly common in patent disputes but courts have thus far failed to consider how the Act can further the primary goal of the patent system, which is to promote innovation. This Article contends that a crucial factor that substantially impacts the propriety of a grant of declaratory relief in a patent dispute, but that has not been examined by the courts and the academic literature, is the nature of the patent itself. More specifically, this Article argues that courts need to acknowledge that many patents obfuscate rather than illuminate, essentially allowing patent-holders to tell the public: “I won't (or can’t) tell you where the boundary is, but put one foot over where I think it is and I’ll sue you for patent infringement.” Such patents are, by definition, unjust because they fail to clearly and objectively disclose the invention and do not establish a fair boundary of the patent right. Vague boundaries make it difficult to resolve patent disputes, leading to uncertainty and requests for declaratory relief. When analyzing these requests for declaratory relief, courts must recognize that they can use their discretion under the Declaratory Judgment Act to effectively address the uncertainty caused by unjust patents, creating efficiencies that will foster innovation. To use this tool successfully, courts must focus on the nature of the patent-in-dispute and consider that in some industries it is more likely that the patent itself is preventing the parties from negotiating to a mutually agreeable solution. Expansive grants of declaratory relief in such industries is justified because vetting these kinds of patents through an impartial decision maker resolves uncertainty, facilitating private dispute resolution and furthering innovation. Thus, explicitly using this discretion as a policy lever hews to both the goals of the Declaratory Judgment Act and the patent system. By making these goals explicit in their consideration of declaratory relief actions, courts can address the recalcitrant problem of uncertainty in the patent system, thereby promoting fairness and innovation.
Effects of growth temperature and strictly anaerobic recovery on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes during pasteurization.

Listeria monocytogenes F5069 was suspended in either Trypticase soy broth-0.6% yeast extract (TSBYE) or sterile, whole milk and heated at 62.8 degrees C in sealed thermal death time tubes. Severely heat-injured cells were recovered in TSBYE within sealed thermal death time tubes because of the formation of reduced conditions in the depths of the TSBYE. Also, the use of strictly anaerobic Hungate techniques significantly increased recovery in TSBYE containing 1.5% agar compared with aerobically incubated controls. The exogenous addition of catalase, but not superoxide dismutase, slightly increased the recovery of heat-injured cells in TSBYE containing 1.5% agar incubated aerobically. Growth of cells at 43 degrees C caused a greater increase in heat resistance as compared with cells heat shocked at 43 degrees C or cells grown at lower temperatures. Growth of L. monocytogenes at 43 degrees C and enumeration by the use of strictly anaerobic Hungate techniques resulted in D62.8 degrees C values that were at least sixfold greater than those previously obtained by using cells grown at 37 degrees C and aerobic plating. Results indicate that, under the conditions of the present study, high levels of L. monocytogenes would survive the minimum low-temperature, long-time treatment required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for pasteurizing milk. The possible survival of low levels of L. monocytogenes during high-temperature, short-time pasteurization and enumeration of injured cells by recovery on selective media under strictly anaerobic conditions are discussed.
Multistage optimization of sustainable supply chain of biofuels

A sustainable biofuel supply chain must be not only economically viable but also environmentally benign. This study addressed a strategic multistage expansion (e.g., a decade) of a cellulosic biofuel supply chain system with supplements of corn grain biofuels. A multiobjective, multiyear optimization framework was proposed, and the compromise method was used to seek best-compromise solutions between economic competitiveness and environmental quality of the supply chain while satisfying evolving fuel demand, feedstock resources, and technological constraints. The model was implemented in an illustrative case study of planning an in-state ethanol supply chain in California between 2015 and 2025. The results indicated that significant trade-offs existed between cost and greenhouse gas emissions in the supply chain and that cellulosic ethanol produced from corn stover and forest residues could be an important alternative to corn ethanol with a low cost of $2.20/gal and emissions of 1.5 carbon dioxide equivale...
The yield of bone marrow biopsy and culture compared with blood culture in the evaluation of HIV-infected patients for mycobacterial and fungal infections

Abstract Purpose: To compare the clinical utility of bone marrow biopsy and culture specimens with blood cultures for mycobacterial and fungal infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Patients and Methods: All bone marrow biopsies obtained from HIV-infected patients at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Medical Center during 1993 to 1995 were blindly reviewed in a standardized format. Bone marrow culture results and blood culture results obtained within 6 weeks of each bone marrow study were compiled. Medical records were reviewed to determine indications for performing bone marrow biopsies, empiric or prophylactic antimicrobial therapies preceding the biopsy, and CD4 counts. Results: Eighty-two bone marrow studies were obtained from 76 patients. Most were performed during the evaluation of fever, cytopenia, or weight loss. Of 55 bone marrow mycobacterial cultures, 13 yielded Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and 2 yielded M tuberculosis (MTB). Of 51 bone marrow fungal cultures performed, 2 yielded Cryptococcus neoformans and 1 Histoplasma capsulatum. All patients with a bone marrow culture positive for MAC had a CD4 count of 20 cells/mm3 or less. The mean CD4 count in this group (±95% confidence interval) (8 ± 3 cells/mm3) was lower than that of culture-negative cases (41 ± 25 cells/mm3); P Conclusions: The combined use of bone marrow biopsy and culture as well as blood cultures provide the maximum diagnostic yield when evaluating patients with AIDS for mycobacterial or fungal infections. However, when mycobacterial infections were diagnosed, bone marrow results seldom provided more immediate or specific information than lysis centrifugation blood cultures. A single lysis centrifugation blood culture should be the first step in the routine evaluation of HIV-infected patients when disseminated MAC infection is suspected.
Transesophageal echocardiography for detecting extrapulmonary thrombi during pulmonary embolectomy.

Background. Pulmonary embolectomy is an evolving surgical procedure for the treatment of severe pulmonary embolism. In addition to removing pulmonary thromboemboli, the achievement of optimal results also requires identification and extraction of intrathoracic, extrapulmonary thromboemboli from the right atrium, right ventricle, and the superior or inferior vena cava. Otherwise, these thromboemboli may become the source of recurrent pulmonary embolism. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography is frequently used during pulmonary embolectomy as a guide for the surgeon and a monitor of cardiac performance. However, its utility for detecting concurrent intrathoracic, extrapulmonary thromboemboli has not been thoroughly investigated. Methods. The study population included 50 consecutive patients undergoing emergent pulmonary embolectomy. Results from preoperative diagnostic studies including transthoracic echocardiography; ventilation/ perfusion scan, pulmonary angiography, and computed tomography were reviewed, along with the intraoperative echocardiographic reports for the presence of intrathoracic extrapulmonary thromboemboli. In addition, the surgical operative notes were consulted to determine the impact of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography on surgical decision making. Results. Extrapulmonary intrathoracic thromboemboli were identified preoperatively in 8 patients (16%). Intraoperatively, thromboemboli were identified in 5 additional patients by transesophageal echocardiography, adding to a total of 13 patients with extrapulmonary thrombi (26%). Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography provided the sole source of evidence that directed surgical management in 10% (5 of 50) of all patients undergoing pulmonary emboletcomy. Conclusions. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography identified intrathoracic, extrapulmonary thomboemboli in 26% of patients undergoing pulmonary embolectomy, resulting in an alteration of surgical management in 10% of patients. These findings support the critical role of intraoperative echocardiography during pulmonary embolectomy.
Measuring Effectiveness in a Virtual Library

Measuring quality of service in academic libraries traditionally includes quantifiable data such as collection size, staff counts, circulation numbers, reference service statistics, qualitative analyses of customer satisfaction, shelving accuracy, and building comfort. In the libraries of the third millennium, virtual worlds, Web content and remote customer populations mean that traditional measures of quality service are no longer complete. Applying methods to quantify effectiveness is vital to future success, and is a necessary precursor to examining quality of service. This case study of a small, virtual academic library, created to serve a non-traditional student population, faculty, and community, illustrates the use of measures such as the saturation rate of student population, the percentage of bibliographic sessions and orientations compared to number of courses offered, and Web site traffic patterns. As library services are affected by factors such as self-sufficient customers, declining physical...
On the possible role of crystals in the origins of life

Nucleoside phosphoramidates derived from polyamines containing at least three amine groups are strongly adsorbed by sodium and magnesium montmorillonite clays even from very dilute solutions. Heating the dried clay-phosphoramidate mixture results in the production of small amounts of the dinucleotides.
Symptom differences in reactive psychoses and schizophrenia with poor prognosis

Abstract Genetic and clinical studies dealing with reactive psychoses are reviewed briefly. Diagnostic criteria are defined, and patients diagnosed as reactive psychoses and schizophrenia with poor prognosis are compared for differences in cross-sectional symptomatology. Symptoms were systematically recorded in the Present State Examination. Emotional blunting, auditory hallucinations in clear consciousness, tactile hallucinations, thought broadcasting, voices commenting, and “any first-rank symptom of schizophrenia” were noted to occur more often in schizophrenia with poor prognosis. Dysphoric mood, sleep disturbance, and irritability occurred more often in reactive psychoses. These findings are considered to offer additional support for the clinical differentiation of reactive psychoses from schizophrenia.
Selected Personnel Practices Relating to Research and Publication Among Management Faculty

The article focuses on a study which identified personnel practices among management faculty in American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business schools which may influence faculty research and ...
Soil lead (Pb) in residential transects through Lubbock, Texas: a preliminary assessment

Residential lead (Pb) contamination, resulting from decades-long use of leaded gasoline and lead-based paint, is likely to be present in soils in most urban areas. A screening level sampling effort demonstrated that Lubbock, Texas, USA, like other cities of its age and size, has areas of elevated soil Pb. This effort was based on soil sampling performed on residential, commercial and thoroughfare properties. The focus of this study was to investigate that component of soil contamination due to combustion of leaded gasoline. Soils were collected from the 1-2 cm surface layer from street-side property borders, well away from buildings that might lead to soil contamination from leaded paint chips. All samples were analyzed for Pb after a 1 M HNO(3) mild extraction to determine the amount of bioavailable Pb. Two of three transects through the city demonstrated significant trends of decreasing Pb concentrations with distance from the city center, paralleling a decrease in developed property age. Peak soil Pb concentrations outside city development was 4.9 +/- 0.6 mg/kg while the median concentration for the city was 35.4 mg/kg. Peak soil Pb concentrations in the city center ranged from 90.0 to 174.0 mg/kg and decreased exponentially to 6.0-9.0 mg/kg at the furthest terminus of the residential transects.
The Effects of Glutamate Synthase Deficiency and Ammonia on Arabidopsis Metabolism

Summary Using Arabidopsis thaliania the physiology and metabolism of mutant plants deficient for ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase was compared to normal plants fed 25 mM NH 4 Cl. The rates of photosynthetic CO 2 exchange were determined from gas exchange measurements and were found to decline in both sets of plants. However, the time point at which photosynthetic CO 2 exchange declined occurred at a lower NH 4 + level within the leaf of the mutant strain than in NH 4 Cl-fed wild-type plants. An analysis of products labeled from 14 CO 2 revealed distinct differences in carbon metabolism between the two sets of plants. For instance, the percent recovery of 14 C in ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate was higher in the strain lacking glutamate synthase activity relative to the set of normal plants fed NH 4 Cl. It was proposed that the initial inhibition of photosynthetic CO 2 exchange determined in the mutant strain was caused, in part, by an inhibition of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity.
Assessment of Relative Risk of Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Cardiomyopathy: A New Noninvasive Approach • 101

Assessment of Relative Risk of Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Cardiomyopathy: A New Noninvasive Approach • 101
CMUTS with dual electrode structure for improved transmit and receive performance

In this paper, we introduce capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) with electrically isolated multiple electrodes embedded in the same silicon nitride CMUT membrane. Some of the advantages of this structure are demonstrated using a dual-electrode CMUT with separate transmit and receive electrodes as an example. By locating the transmit electrodes near the edges of a rectangular CMUT membrane, the stable displacement range, hence the maximum pressure amplitude during transmit mode is increased without collapsing the membrane when operated within static collapse voltage range. In the receive mode, the center receive electrode is brought closer to the substrate by biasing the side electrodes, and a higher electromechanical transformer ratio is obtained at low direct current (DC) bias. Therefore, dual-electrode CMUT has an effectively larger gap as compared to conventional CMUT during transmit, and it has an effectively smaller gap during receive. Demonstrative experiments are performed on dual-electrode CMUTs with rectangular membranes with different side and center electrode sizes for transmit and receive measurements. By using the two 4-/spl mu/m wide side electrodes and an 8-/spl mu/m wide center electrode on a 20-/spl mu/m wide membrane, a 6.8 dB increase in maximum output pressure is obtained with side electrode excitation as compared to conventional center electrode. Similarly, the receive performance improvement was demonstrated while reducing the DC bias requirements. Simple finite-element and equivalent circuit-based models were developed to successfully model the behavior of dual-electrode CMUTs. Simulations show that, with simple modifications, more than 10 dB overall sensitivity improvement is feasible with dual-electrode CMUTs with rectangular membranes.
The Power of Description in Manufacturing Insecurity: From Women’s Insecurity to Human Insecurity

The use of descriptive language wields great power in defining women and men’s identities. When gendered language is used to construct women’s identities, it becomes one of the key contributing factors to women’s insecurity. This is all the more so when gendered language is reinforced through use in a variety of contexts. Women’s identities are often defined in relation to men’s, so when women’s identities are constructed in ways that are prejudicial and create insecurity for women, these constructions often have consequences for men’s security as well.
Role of substance P in water homeostasis.

Abstract The effect of the naturally occurring peptide substance P on release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was studied in anesthetized dogs. Intravenous infusions of substance P in doses of 0.5, 5.0, and 50 ng/kg/min increased plasma concentrations of ADH in a dose-related fashion. At the two low doses, this increase occured in the absence of changes in urine volume, sodium excretion, free water clearance, and urinary cyclic AMP excretion. In addition, when substance P was administered in a concentration of 0.5 ng/kg/min, plasma levels of ADH were increased even though blood pressure did not change, suggesting that substance P may release antidiuretic hormone by a direct mechanism. Intrarenal infusions at a rate of 0.5 and 5 ng/kg/min caused dose-related decreases in free water clearance and significant increases in urinary cyclic AMP excretion. These data suggest that substabce P may play an important role in the regulation of water balance.
Ethylene hydrogenation over bimetallic Pd/Au(111) surfaces: Application of quantum chemical results and dynamic Monte Carlo simulation

A first-principles-based dynamic Monte Carlo simulation method is used to examine the effect of alloying Pd and Au on the kinetics of ethylene hydrogenation over well-defined Pd and Pd/Au surfaces. The surface reaction kinetics is a strong function of the adsorbate−metal and adsorbate−adsorbate interactions. An intrinsic kinetic database for all of the reactant, intermediate, and product species over Pd(111) and Au(111) was established from ab initio quantum chemical calculations. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at higher coverages were used to determine the through-space and through-surface intermolecular interactions and parametrize semiempirical models to describe these interactions. Through-surface interactions were calculated using a bond-order conservation (BOC) model. Through-space interactions were modeled using the van der Waals contribution term in the Merck molecular force field (MMFF). The parameters of BOC and MMFF models were regressed against DFT data taken at different coverag...
Monitoring Variance Components

This article discusses methods for monitoring a process in which the variance of the measurements is attributed to several known sources of variability. For example, in the case of integrated circuit fabrication one is typically interested in monitoring the process mean as well as the lot-to-lot, wafer-to-wafer-within-lot, and within-wafer components of variability. The article discusses the problem of monitoring the process level and variability by using the cumulative sum technique. Some aspects of the implementation of this methodology are also considered, and examples are given.
Novel edge excitations of two-dimensional electron liquid in a magnetic field.

We investiggate the low-energy spectrum of excitations of a compressible electron liquid in a strong magnetic field. These excitations are localized at the periphery of the system. The analysis of a realistic model of a smooth edge yields new branches of acoustic excitation spectrum in addition to the well known edge magnetoplasmon mode. The velocities are found and the observability conditions are established for the new modes.
Stimulated rotational Raman generation controlled by strongly driven vibrational coherence in molecular deuterium

We report an experimental observation of simultaneous rotational and vibrational collinear Raman generation in low pressure cooled deuterium gas, with only two narrow-band laser pulses applied at the input of the molecular cell. Only the fundamental vibrational transition Q{sub 1} (0) is driven strongly in this experiment. However, in addition to efficient vibrational Raman generation we observe generation of a large number of rotational sidebands (more than 100) corresponding to S{sub 0} (0) transition. We notice that fine-tuning of the frequency difference of the driving fields near the vibrational Raman resonance changes dramatically the aspects of the generated spectrum and the efficiency of rotational generation: from complete suppression of a self-starting stimulated rotational Raman generation to a strong enhancement of two orders of magnitude. We conduct a numerical analysis that allows us to attribute this behavior to quantum interference among the probability amplitudes of the three molecular states involved.
Transport of glucosamine (aldohexoses) by preimplantation mouse blastocysts

Abstract A carrier-mediated system for uptake of glucosamine (and other aldohexoses) was identified in preimplantation mouse blastocysts. With early and late blastocysts, the values for K m (525±82 and 651±137 μ M, respectively) and V (0.29±0.02 and 0.29±0.04 pmol/h per ng protein, respectively) for glucosamine are statistically indistinguishable. The same carrier system, therefore, is operative at the two developmental stages. Glucosamine uptake was temperature sensitive and inhibited by structural analogues and phloretin.
Nuclear stopping at intermediate beam energies

We perform an analysis of exclusive heavy-ion reactions around 100 MeV/nucleon in terms of multipole moments of the momentum distribution of nucleons. Numerical calculations based on the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck theory are presented and compared to an approximate scaling function. We find that nuclei completely stop each other even at 100 MeV/nucleon, if ${A}_{P}+{A}_{T}g200$ in symmetrical central collisions. We propose that the mass dependence of the quadrupole momentum tensor can be used to determine the nuclear compressibility.
A Delta-Notch signaling border regulated by Engrailed/Invected repression specifies boundary cells in the Drosophila hindgut.

Abstract The Drosophila hindgut develops three morphologically distinct regions along its anteroposterior axis: small intestine, large intestine and rectum. Single-cell rings of ‘boundary cells’ delimit the large intestine from the small intestine at the anterior, and the rectum at the posterior. The large intestine also forms distinct dorsal and ventral regions; these are separated by two single-cell rows of boundary cells. Boundary cells are distinguished by their elongated morphology, high level of both apical and cytoplasmic Crb protein, and gene expression program. During embryogenesis, the boundary cell rows arise at the juxtaposition of a domain of Engrailed (En)- plus Invected (Inv)-expressing cells with a domain of Delta (Dl)-expressing cells. Analysis of loss-of-function and ectopic expression phenotypes shows that the domain of Dl-expressing cells is defined by En/Inv repression. Further, Notch pathway signaling, specifically the juxtaposition of Dl-expressing and Dl-non-expressing cells, is required to specify the rows of boundary cells. This Notch-induced cell specification is distinguished by the fact that it does not appear to utilize the ligand Serrate and the modulator Fringe.
Anisotropy magnetoresistance of quantum ballistic nickel nanocontacts

Abstract Magnetoresistance properties of Ni nanocontacts in the ballistic quantum regime are investigated in situ for several orientations between applied magnetic field and current direction. The symmetry properties of the magnetoresistance curves are similar to anisotropy magnetoresistance effects, even if the shape of the contact is modified. A change of conductance under magnetic field has a magnitude between 0.2e 2 /h and e 2 /h, varying little with the absolute conductance values ranging between e 2 /h and 100e 2 /h. We discuss possible mechanical artifacts to our magnetoresistance curves, showing that the shear of the substrate might contribute to conductance changes. However, replacing the metal used as substrate does not modify our observations.
Security for the US Department of Defense

Abstract Multilevel security in computer systems has been researched by the US Air Force. The result was Scomp, a secure frontend processor. Honeywell later collaborated with the US Department of Defense and is the first manufacturer to gain an A1 certificate for its system. So far commercial demand in the UK has been limited, but security could become a standard feature on many Honeywell products.
Oxidants from neutrophil myeloperoxidase do not enhance elastase-induced emphysema in the hamster.

Alpha-1-protease inhibitor is susceptible to oxidative impairment by the neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) system. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the MPO oxidant system on elasta
Associations between in vivo neuroimaging and postmortem brain cytokine markers in a rodent model of Wernicke's encephalopathy.

Abstract Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, associated with a variety of conditions, including chronic alcoholism and bariatric surgery for morbid obesity, can result in the neurological disorder Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE). Recent work building upon early observations in animal models of thiamine deficiency has demonstrated an inflammatory component to the neuropathology observed in thiamine deficiency. The present, multilevel study including in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) and postmortem quantification of chemokine and cytokine proteins sought to determine whether a combination of these in vivo neuroimaging tools could be used to characterize an in vivo MR signature for neuroinflammation. Thiamine deficiency for 12 days was used to model neuroinflammation; glucose loading in thiamine deficiency was used to accelerate neurodegeneration. Among 38 animals with regional brain tissue assayed postmortem for cytokine/chemokine protein levels, three groups of rats (controls + glucose, n = 6; pyrithiamine + saline, n = 5; pyrithiamine + glucose, n = 13) underwent MRI/MRS at baseline (time 1), after 12 days of treatment (time 2), and 3 h after challenge (glucose or saline, time 3). In the thalamus of glucose-challenged, thiamine deficient animals, correlations between in vivo measures of pathology (lower levels of N-acetyle aspartate and higher levels of lactate) and postmortem levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1, also known as chemokine ligand 2, CCL2) support a role for this chemokine in thiamine deficiency-related neurodegeneration, but do not provide a unique in vivo signature for neuroinflammation.
Short eruption window revealed by absolute crystal growth rates in a granitic magma

Giant volcanic eruptions occur when large volumes of magma accumulate in crustal reservoirs and do not cool and crystallize to form a solid pluton of rock within the crust. Geochronological dating of a pluton from Elba, Italy, shows that the magma solidified in the crust within just 10–40 thousand years of being injected into the crust, implying that the time window for an eruption was short.
Collateral lessons from recent acute ischemic stroke trials

Numerous acute ischemic stroke trials have recently published detailed results, providing an opportunity to consider the role of collaterals in stroke pathophysiology and their influential effect on patient outcomes. Safety and Efficacy of NeuroFlo Technology in Ischemic Stroke (SENTIS), the largest randomized controlled trial of device therapy to date, tested the potential augmentation of collateral perfusion. SYNTHESIS Expansion, Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy (MR RESCUE), and Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) III chronicled the saga of endovascular therapy trialed against medical treatment for acute ischemic stroke. These recent randomized studies, however, largely neglect current device technology available for endovascular therapy as advanced by the TREVO2 and SOLITAIRE™(TM) FR With the Intention For Thrombectomy (SWIFT) studies. Such exhaustive efforts in recent trials have failed to introduce a new treatment for stroke that unequivocally improves patient outcomes. Collateral perfusion is widely recognized to vary across individuals in any population and exerts a dramatic effect on baseline variables including the time course of ischemic injury, stroke severity, imaging findings, and therapeutic opportunities. Similarly, collaterals have been recognized to influence recanalization, reperfusion, hemorrhagic transformation, and subsequent neurological outcomes after stroke. Collateral lessons may be gleaned from these trials, to expand consideration of overall study results and perhaps most importantly, alter ongoing and new trials in development. Detailed analyses of available information on collaterals from these trials demonstrate that collaterals may be more influential than the choice of treatment modality or intervention.
Abscission: the role of ethylene modification of auxin transport.

The role of ethylene-mediated reduction of auxin transport in natural and ethylene-induced leaf abscission was studied in the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. Stoneville 213) cotyledonary leaf system. The threshold level of ethylene required to cause abscission of intact leaves was between 0.08 and 1 μl/l with abscission generally occurring 12 to 24 hours following ethylene fumigation. The threshold level of ethylene required to reduce the auxin transport capacity in the cotyle-donary petiole paralleled that required for stimulation of abscission. In plants where cotyledons are allowed to senesce naturally there is a decline in auxin transport capacity of petioles and increase in ethylene synthesis of cotyledons. The visible senescence process which precedes abscission requires up to 11 days, and increases in ethylene production rates and internal levels were detected well before abscission. Ethylene production rates for entire cotyledons rose to 2.5 mμ1 g−1 hr−1 and internal levels of 0.7 μl/l were observed. These levels appear to be high enough to cause the observed decline in auxin transport capacity. These findings, along with those of others, indicate that ethylene has several roles in abscission control (e.g., transport modification, enzyme induction, enzyme secretion). The data indicate that ethylene modification of auxin transport participates in both natural abscission and abscission hastened by exogenous ethylene.
Consideration of uncertainty in the performance assessment of radioactive waste disposal from an international regulatory perspective

Abstract Regulations governing the disposal of radioactive wastes require that the performance of disposal facilities be assessed quantitatively. Such assessments, commonly called either ‘performance assessments’ or ‘probabilistic risk assessments’, rely on the use of predictive models to arrive at a quantitative estimate of the potential impact of disposal on the environment and on the safety and health of the public. It has been recognized that a suite of uncertainties affect the results of a performance assessment (herein we use ‘performance assessment’ to be synonymous to probabilistic risk assessment). These uncertainties are conventionally categorized as (1) uncertainty in the future state of the disposal system (facility and surrounding medium), (2) uncertainty in models (including conceptual models, mathematical models, and computer codes), and (3) uncertainty in data and parameters. Decisions regarding the safety of a radioactive waste disposal facility must be made in the light of these uncertainties. Neglecting the uncertainties, in either the analysis or the presentation of results, would be a misrepresentation of one's knowledge (e.g. overconfidence) about the performance of the disposal facility. Hence, an approach is needed that would allow the explicit consideration of these uncertainties so that their impact on the estimated consequences of disposal can be evaluated. Regulations for radioactive waste disposal in many countries, explicitly or implicitly, require the consideration of uncertainties in order to arrive at a meaningful decision regarding the safety of a disposal facility. A probabilistic risk assessment approach provides the formalism for treating the uncertainties and the technical basis that the decision makers can use in discharging their duties.
On maximizing the average time at a goal

Abstract In a decision process (gambling or dynamic programming problem) with finite state space and arbitrary decision sets (gambles or actions), there is always available a Markov strategy which uniformly (nearly) maximizes the average time spent at a goal. If the decision sets are closed, there is even a stationary strategy with the same property. Examples are given to show that approximations by discounted or finite horizon payoffs are not useful for the general average reward problem.
Flapping response of lifting rotor blades to atmospheric turbulence

Lifting rotor blades flapping response to atmospheric turbulence, discussing time averaging and perturbation schemes
A Longitudinal Study of Transitional and Immersion Bilingual Education Programs in One District

This article describes a longitudinal evaluation of 2 approaches to the education of language-minority students-transitional bilingual education and a new approach, bilingual immersion-in El Paso, Texas. Rationales for both programs are provided along with a brief description of the factors that led to the development of the bilingual immersion approach. Students' (N = 228) achievement on the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills was traced from grades 4 through 7. Results indicated significant effects favoring bilingual immersion in language and reading in grades 4-6, but not in the seventh grade. Students taught with bilingual immersion entered the mainstream more rapidly, as designed. Questionnaire responses (N = 307) also indicated that teachers appeared to be much more satisfied with the rapid but systematic introduction of English in the bilingual immersion program than the relatively slow introduction in the transitional program. 60 students' reactions to the 2 programs in interviews were not significantly di...
Discharge Behavior of Redox Thermogalvanic Cells

The discharge behavior of thermogalvanic cells based on a dissolved redox couple, namely ferro‐ferricyanide, was investigated as a function of redox couple concentration, temperature difference, electrode placement and configuration, and forced convection. The principal source of cell polarization was found to be the rate of mass transfer of electroactive species to the electrode surfaces. This concentration polarization is instrumental in limiting the power output of aqueous redox thermogalvanic cells to values <0.1 mW cm−2. A practical feature of such cells, however, is that a continuous power output can be maintained indefinitely provided that the half‐cell temperature difference remains constant.
Least squares approximations for dual trigonometric series

A systematic and easily automated least squares procedure, not using integral equations or special functions, is presented for approximating the solutions of general dual trigonometric equations. This is desirable, since current analytic methods apply only to special equations, require the use of integral equation and special function theory, and do not lend themselves easily to numerical work; see, e.g. [1, 2, 6, 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17].