cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth-factor-independence and invasive properties of colorectal carcinoma cells

During serial passage of the colorectal carcinoma cell line SW1116 in athymic nude mice, we selected 2 variants that metastasized to the lungs and liver. The metastatic capacity of these in vivo variant cell lines was associated with their ability to (1) grow under growth-factor-deprived conditions, (2) invade and transgress a reconstructed basement membrane with high effectiveness, and (3) produce higher activities of the substrate- degrading enzymes collagenase and plasminogen activator as compared to parental cells. To assess the relative contribution of growth-factor-independence and high levels of invasiveness/motility to the metastatic phenotype, variants of 6 colorectal carcinomas were selected in vitro by adaptation to a growth-factor-free culture medium followed by selection of highly invasive cells in chemoinvasion assays. Four out of 6 cell lines selected for growth-factor-independence showed significantly higher levels of invasiveness through reconstructed membranes, suggesting co-segregation of growth-factor-independence and high levels of invasiveness in vitro. Using an in vitro chemoinvasion assay, 2 poorly and I highly invasive cell line were further selected for invasiveness. After 6 selection passages, all cell lines were highly invasive and showed high motility rates. However, when injected s.c. into athymic nude mice to test their metastatic capacity in vivo, double-selected variant cell lines did not form spontaneous metastases. Our results indicate that growth-factor-independence and high levels of invasiveness, although associated with the metastatic phenotype, are not sufficient for experimental metastasis formation of colorectal carcinoma cells in vivo.
Predicting social impairment and ASD diagnosis in younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder

Later-born siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (Sibs-ASD) are at elevated risk for social impairments. Two putative predictors of later social impairment—measures of responding to joint attention and weighted triadic communication—were examined in a sample of 43 Sibs-ASD who were followed from 15 to 34 months of age. Results revealed that initial level of responding to joint attention and growth rate of weighted triadic communication predicted the degree of social impairment at the final measurement period. Additionally, both predictors were associated with later ASD diagnosis. In contrast, unweighted triadic communication, age of entry into the study, and initial language level did not predict later social impairment. The importance of considering social outcome as a continuous variable in prospective studies of Sibs-ASD is discussed.
Last resort: case of clot translocation in intra-arterial stroke therapy

A patient was taken for emergent intra-arterial stroke therapy for an acute left middle cerebral artery stroke syndrome, with CT angiography showing a left internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. Through a 6 F Neuron MAX sheath, a 5 Max ACE Penumbra aspiration catheter was advanced to the thrombus and direct suction was performed through the ACE catheter and Neuron MAX sheath. Upon pull back, the thrombus became wedged in the Neuron MAX sheath and despite several attempts to aspirate the thrombus, no clot could be obtained. The Neuron MAX sheath was withdrawn to the left common carotid artery, and gently advanced to the origin of the external carotid artery (ECA). A glide wire was advanced and the thrombus dislodged into the ECA. Another pass with the 5 Max ACE was used to remove a remaining thrombus in the left ICA terminus, resulting in Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 3 flow. With improved devices for embolectomy, large and rigid emboli that exceed the inner diameter of large guide sheaths and balloon guide catheters can become lodged, and cannot be withdrawn through a catheter. While uncommon, strategies to overcome this are important to keep in mind during acute stroke intervention.
ODD MEN OUT: A QUANTITATIVE OBJECTIVE PROCEDURE FOR IDENTIFYING ANOMALOUS MEMBERS OF A SET OF NOISY IMAGES OF OSTENSIBLY IDENTICAL SPECIMENS

Abstract Achievement of an optimal improvement in signal-to-noise ratio from image averaging techniques depends crucially on the assumption that all members of the set of images to be averaged are fundamentally alike. In HREM of biological macromolecules, this assumption may be invalid for such reasons as variations in viewing geometry, non-uniformity of staining, or structural perturbations caused by specimen preparation procedures or radiation damage. Inclusion of data that are compromized by these or other factors will degrade the information content of the averaged image. Here we present an algorithm which provides an objective quantitative method for the identification and elimination of anomalous members of a set of pre-aligned images. Based on a statistical criterion of mutual consistency, the algorithm forms an ordered list in which the individual images are ranked from most to least reliable. On specification of the noise statistics - in the formulation given here, of stationary white noise — an acceptability threshold in this ordered list is imposed. The derivation and implementation of this algorithm are presented, its properties discussed, and its application illustrated using both real and model electron micrograph data.
Limiting Technology in the Process of Negotiating Death

Death is a negotiated event; it happens by design. Whereas accident or negligence may occasionally intervene as an independent cause, 70% of the 1.3 million Americans who die in health care institutions do so after a decision has been made and implemented to forego some or all forms of medical treatment. One can only assume that this percentage has increased during the last decade as technological advances increasingly permit support of single organ function at the expense of integrated conscious existence. Two powerful forces in health care evolved in the 1990s to affect the course and conduct of medicine at the end of life. Both are reflected, although not presented in sufficiently sharp focus, in the series of essays collected in the thoughtful volume, Managing Death in the Intensive Care Unit: The Transition from Cure to Comfort, edited by J. Randall Curtis and Gordon D. Rubenfeld. First, death has re-emerged as an acceptable outcome of medical practice, even in the intensive care unit, for patients whose prognosis is hopeless. Second, financial disincentives for long-term hospital stays must make us wary of determining the prognosis of hopelessness too easily. Capitated systems and prospective payment mechanisms provide incentives for shortened lengths of stay. This financial fact of life must not be permitted to contaminate decisions about death. These evolutions, one clinical and one economic, have combined to force health care organizations and institutions to reevaluate their practices and protocols for managing patients at the end of life and especially in expensive intensive care units. In the aggregate, the results may be beneficial to patients and families as new perceptions and practices
Preparation and ferroelectric properties of mixed composition layered lead zirconate titanate thin films for nonvolatile memory applications

Mixed composition layered lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films sZr/Ti ratio = 30/70 + 65/35d with stoichiometric lead containing PZT thin layer at the film/electrode interface were successfully fabricated by a modified chemical solution deposition method. These modified PZT thin films are highly (111) textured, and have square-shaped P-E hysteresis loops with large remanent polarization and low coercive field, as well as low saturation voltage. In addition, these films show good fatigue and imprint behavior with Pt electrodes; the retained polarization of the modified film was above 50% after fatigue testing to 109 cycles, and the thermally induced voltage shifts (ΔV) were 0.51 V after heating at 150 °C for 4410 s, two times lower than for films without a stoichiometric thin layer.
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system inhibition is safe in the preoperative period surrounding carotid endarterectomy.

Objective Discontinuation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) medications before surgery has been suggested because of the potentially deleterious effects of hypotension. We investigated the effect of preoperative ACEI and/or ARB use on early outcomes after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods We examined 3752 consecutive CEA patients within the Vascular Study Group of New England from September 2012 to September 2014 and compared outcomes for patients treated (n = 1772) or not treated (n = 1980) with ACEI and/or ARB preoperatively. Outcomes included perioperative need for intravenous vasoactive medication (IVBPmed) for hypotension or hypertension (HTN), major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), and the combined outcome of stroke or death. Adjusted analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression of the crude cohort and by constructing a propensity score matched cohort (n = 1441). Results ACEI and/or ARB users were more likely to be male (64% vs 59%; P = .001), with a higher prevalence of diabetes (41% vs 28%; P P P = .0001), congestive heart failure (10% vs 8%; P = .02), and asymptomatic carotid disease (59% vs 54%; P = .004). Patients who received ACEI and/or ARB preoperatively were more likely to be treated with aspirin (92% vs 88%; P = .0002) and statins (89% vs 85%; P = .001) preoperatively. In the unadjusted analysis, no significant differences were identified in hypotension that required IVBPmed (12% vs 11%; odds ratio [OR], 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9-1.4; P = .22), MACE (3% vs 2%; OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.8-1.9; P = .32), or stroke or death (3% vs 3%; OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7-1.6; P = .89) for preoperative ACEI and/or ARB treated and nontreated patients, respectively. Preoperative ACEI and/or ARB usage was, however, associated with HTN that required IVBPmed (13% vs 10%; OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6; P = .01). Analysis of the propensity score matched cohort revealed no significant differences in hypotension that required IVBPmed (12% vs 12%; OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8-1.3; P = .86), MACE (3% vs 2%; OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.7-1.8; P = .62; ), or stroke or death (3% vs 3%; OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7-1.6; P = .91) for patients treated or not treated with preoperative ACEI and/or ARB, respectively. ACEI and/or ARB remained associated with HTN that required IVBPmed (13% vs 10%; OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0-1.7; P = .02). Results were similar after adjustment using logistic regression. The incidence of hospital length of stay >1 day was similar between ACEI and/or ARB treated and not treated patients (29% vs 32%; OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8-1.1; P = .21). Conclusions Preoperative ACEI and/or ARB use was associated with marginally increased use of IVBPmed for HTN but not for hypotension and was not associated with increased MACE, stroke, or death. On the basis of these metrics, the use of preoperative ACEI and/or ARB appears safe before CEA.
Gender Bias in the Personality Disorders Criteria: An Investigation of Five Bias Indicators

This study examined possible gender bias in personality disorder criteria by considering a number of potential empirical indicators of bias: prevalence differences in a nonclinical sample; the implications of gender differences as perceived by nonprofessionals; the internal consistency of criteria as a function of gender; and the gender-normativeness of criteria. One hundred one participants familiar with the DSM-IV completed questionnaires assessing the presence of each criterion, and the perceived implications of the criteria for men and women. Results showed that the global mean self-rating for the criteria did not differ as a function of gender although there were some differences for individual criteria. Criteria that were more prevalent in one gender appeared to be viewed as a greater problem for that gender. The criteria also appeared to be measuring abnormal rather than gender-normative behaviors. Twelve criteria demonstrated differential convergence with other indicators of disorder as a function of gender, with most converging better for men than for women.
Validation and analysis of modeled predictions of growth of Bacillus cereus spores in boiled rice.

The growth of psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus 404 from spores in boiled rice was examined experimentally at 15, 20, and 30°C. Using the Gompertz function, observed growth was modeled, and these kinetic values were compared with kinetic values for the growth of mesophilic vegetative cells as predicted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Pathogen Modeling Program, version 5.1. An analysis of variance indicated no statistically significant difference between observed and predicted values. A graphical comparison of kinetic values demonstrated that modeled predictions were “fail safe” for generation time and exponential growth rate at all temperatures. The model also was fail safe for lag-phase duration at 20 and 30°C but not at l5°C. Bias factors of 0.55, 0.82, and 1.82 for generation time, lag-phase duration, and exponential growth rate, respectively, indicated that the model generally was fail safe and hence provided a margin of safety in its growth predictions. Accuracy factors of 1.82, 1.60, and 1.82 f...
The Human Microcirculation Regulation of Flow and Beyond

The microcirculation is responsible for orchestrating adjustments in vascular tone to match local tissue perfusion with oxygen demand. Beyond this metabolic dilation, the microvasculature plays a critical role in modulating vascular tone by endothelial release of an unusually diverse family of compounds including nitric oxide, other reactive oxygen species, and arachidonic acid metabolites. Animal models have provided excellent insight into mechanisms of vasoregulation in health and disease. However, there are unique aspects of the human microcirculation that serve as the focus of this review. The concept is put forth that vasculoparenchymal communication is multimodal, with vascular release of nitric oxide eliciting dilation and preserving normal parenchymal function by inhibiting inflammation and proliferation. Likewise, in disease or stress, endothelial release of reactive oxygen species mediates both dilation and parenchymal inflammation leading to cellular dysfunction, thrombosis, and fibrosis. Some pathways responsible for this stress-induced shift in mediator of vasodilation are proposed. This paradigm may help explain why microvascular dysfunction is such a powerful predictor of cardiovascular events and help identify new approaches to treatment and prevention.
Patient and Technique Survival of Older Adults with Esrd Treated with Peritoneal Dialysis

The number of older adults worldwide is increasing as societies gain success in improving the health and lifespan of their citizens. As a result, increasing numbers of older adults are presenting to the medical community with advanced kidney failure. Historically, dialysis treatments were withheld from older adults particularly those with severe co-existing illnesses. This has changed in most parts of the world, and there is now an increasing emphasis on shared decision-making to determine whether dialysis is appropriate and to determine which modality meets the needs, expectations, and desire of patients. Evidence examining the difference in risk for death of older adults treated with hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD), and the probability of those treated with PD to transfer to HD among older compared to younger adults, is largely derived from prospective cohort studies or analyses of data from national registries. In such studies, it is difficult to distinguish whether differences in outcomes reflect the effect of dialysis modality or differences in health status of different groups of patients. Longevity and technique survival are important, albeit not the only or most important consideration in such decision-making. Given the risk for bias in observational studies and the profound effect of dialysis modality on patients' lifestyle, the selection of dialysis modality should remain a decision made by the patient, caregivers, and his/her physician after thorough education and review of the available data.
Second Line of Defense Megaports Initiative Operational Testing and Evaluation Plan Colon Container Terminal (CCT) Panama

Report on the Operational Testing and Evaluation to validate and baseline an operable system that meets the Second Line of Defense (SLD) mission requirements. An SLD system is defined as the detection technology and associated equipment, the system operators from the host country, the standard operating procedures (SOPs), and other elements such as training and maintenance which support long-term system sustainment. To this end, the activities conducted during the OT&E phase must demonstrate that the Megaports System can be operated effectively in real-time by Panama Direccion General de Aduanas (DGA Panama Customs) personnel to the standards of the U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA).
Internal Domains of Natural Porous Media Revealed: Critical Locations for Transport, Storage, and Chemical Reaction.

Internal pore domains exist within rocks, lithic fragments, subsurface sediments, and soil aggregates. These domains, termed internal domains in porous media (IDPM), represent a subset of a material’s porosity, contain a significant fraction of their porosity as nanopores, dominate the reactive surface area of diverse media types, and are important locations for chemical reactivity and fluid storage. IDPM are key features controlling hydrocarbon release from shales in hydraulic fracture systems, organic matter decomposition in soil, weathering and soil formation, and contaminant behavior in the vadose zone and groundwater. Traditionally difficult to interrogate, advances in instrumentation and imaging methods are providing new insights on the physical structures and chemical attributes of IDPM, and their contributions to system behaviors. Here we discuss analytical methods to characterize IDPM, evaluate information on their size distributions, connectivity, and extended structures; determine whether they ...
Mitosis in Ancylistes Sp.

Mitosis in the Zygomycete Ancylistes sp. was studied using light and electron microscopy. Division was found to be intranuclear. The chromosomes did not condense at any time and the nucleolus did n...
A Godunov steady-state Euler solver for structured grids

We present an algorithm to solve the twodimensional Euler equations for steady-state flows in complex geometries using structured body-fitted grids. The solution is marched explicitly in time by a eel-centered second order multidimensional upwind method. Convergence to steady state is accelerated by local time stepping and a multigrid method. Cases are run for high subsonic and transonic internal and external flows, and a convergence study confirms that the scheme is second order accurate for smooth flows. Introduction The unsplit multidimensional upwind method of Colella [7] was originally developed to compute timeaccurate solutions to systems of hyperbolic conservation laws on structured grid systems. The algorithm is accurate, robust, and well-tested. It has been used extensively, in many contexts, to compute the nonlinear convection terms of the compressible and incompressible Euler and Navier-Stofces equations on structured grids [1, 3, 4, 8]. Furthermore, it has been used within the framework of adaptive mesh refinement to solve the equations of gas dynamics [5], and compute the nonlinear convection terms for incompressible, variable density flow [2] and compressible viscous flow on mapped grids [18]. Therefore, there is significant experience with and infrastructure for, the unsplit multidimensional upwind method within an adaptively refined structured mesh. In fact, a C++ library of constructs which are used in adaptive finite difference calculations has been developed and is extensively used [2, 9, 18]. The motivation for this research is to take this well-established multidimensional upwind method and adaptive mesh refinement machinery and implement 'Graduate Research Assistant, Member AIAA ^Professor, Member AIAA Copyright © 1997 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. AH rights reserved. the necessary modifications to produce an efficient and accurate steady-state adaptive refinement algorithm for structured, mapped grids. This paper presents the steady-state algorithm for a single, non-adapted, mapped grid. Developing the algorithm initially on a single grid allows issues regarding convergence of a solution to steady-state to be isolated from issues regarding adaptivity. The method presented here will be incorporated within an adaptive mesh refinement algorithm. Governing Equations The two-dimensional Euler equations for inviscid fluid flow in integral form for a control volume Q with boundary 50 are
Contributory fault and rape convictions: loglinear models for blaming the victim.

The practice of revealing the past sexual conduct of rape victims in court trials was the issue which prompted this study. The primary objective was to model the effects ofjuror sex, victim stigma, and contributory fault on rape convictions using simulation data from 358 undergraduates. Contrary to certain previous studies, loglinear analysis indicates that information about a rape victim's past sexual conduct does affect perceptions of her moral character and judgments of guilt. But the explanation for those effects may be far more complicated than previously supposed. Attribution theory confounds three distinct questions in the decision-making process and is unrealistically mute with respect to the potential influence of culturally patterned expectations.
The effect of nighttime trading of futures markets on information flows: evidence from China

In the past couple of years, China’s futures exchanges have launched nighttime trading sessions. We use daily data from 23 commodity futures to investigate the impact of this important policy change. Our findings suggest that the launching of nighttime trading effectively improved the efficiency of futures prices and reduced the volatility of prices. The normality of returns improves during the post-nighttime trading period. As documented in the literature, the interactions between trading activities (i.e., trading volume and open interest) and volatility conform better to the observed patterns in developed markets. This study provides sound evidence that China has taken steady steps toward its goal of establishing price-setting power in key commodities on world financial markets.
Civil Religion Reconsidered: The Saliency of a Venerable Concept

ABSTRACTThis essay reexamines civil theology, a venerable concept in the field of political science and how it is symbolized in contemporary political practice. Civil theology provides the foundation of politics for a community and is reflected in its myths and how the community interpretes itself within the greater structure of reality. It is during periods of crises, however, when this myth structure and society's understanding of itself come into question that civil theology presents itself as a salient topic for theoretical analysis and speculation. This article considers a contemporary response to the crisis of our time, one associated with the breakdown of the “traditional” American civil theology and the impact this has had on political thought and policy debates. From an understanding of this response may come a broader knowledge of the problems confronting the policy process as well as potential resolutions.
The Work of Macromolecular Synthesis and Degradation

No discussion of ATP utilization in the myocyte would be complete without some mention of the energy costs of macromolecular synthesis. The subject chosen to illustrate the principle that synthesis of both small (such as ATP itself, Chapter 5) and large molecules use energy in the form of the phosphoryl bonds of ATP and, as we will see, GTP is the synthesis of polypeptides.
Weight and weight control behaviors of Latinas and their social ties.

OBJECTIVE Shared behaviors have been implicated in the clustering of obesity among socially connected people. This study determined how weight and weight control behaviors of participants and their social ties are related and how these factors are associated with weight change in participants. METHOD Adult Latinas participating in a lifestyle intervention completed an egocentric network measure of weight and weight control behaviors. Participant weight was objectively measured at baseline and 12 months. Multivariable regression models determined the relationship between weight and weight control behaviors of participants and their social ties. RESULTS Participants and their social ties shared similarities in weight control behaviors and weight change. Participants who reported social ties that had lost weight were more likely to eat small portions and low-fat foods, but those with social ties that had gained weight were more likely to use herbal supplements. Participants who reported more social ties who exercised, drank liquid meal replacements, took herbal supplements, and self-weighed were more likely to lose weight whereas those with fewer social ties that exercised were more likely to gain weight. Weight loss and weight gain by social ties predicted participant weight loss and weight gain, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Given that weight and weight control behaviors of Latinas reflect that of their social ties, targeting existing social networks for lifestyle interventions may more effectively improve and sustain health-promoting behaviors and outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record
Emotion Regulation in Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Unique Effects for Those with “Taboo Thoughts”

Emotion regulation (ER) is a modifiable and transdiagnostic construct that has been widely studied across the affective disorders; however, little research has evaluated the relationship between ER and obsessive–compulsive (OC) features (e.g., OC symptom dimensions, OC symptom severity, and obsessive beliefs). The current study therefore evaluates the relationship between ER difficulties and OC features in the largest sample of adults with OCD to date. Participants (N = 57) completed a clinician-administered diagnostic and OC symptom assessment, as well as self-report questionnaires. Results revealed a specific relationship between ER difficulties, the unacceptable thoughts dimension, and obsessive beliefs, even after controlling for co-occurring depressive symptomology. Specifically, patients with “taboo thoughts” and elevated obsessive beliefs experienced greater difficulties accepting unwanted emotions, engaging in goal-directed behaviors when upset, accessing ER strategies, and clarifying emotions. Pending replication with a longitudinal framework, results highlight the utility of integrating emotion regulation modules into typical behavior therapy protocols for patients with unacceptable thoughts. Additional clinical implications, limitations and future directions are discussed.
The Design, Development and Evaluation of the Vegetarian Lifestyle Index on Dietary Patterns among Vegetarians and Non-Vegetarians

Traditionally, healthful diets and lifestyles have been examined only in relation to single nutrients, foods, or food groups in terms of dietary exposure. An alternative approach is to conceptualize an index based on vegetarian food pyramid guidelines as a measure of overall diet and lifestyle quality. Our objectives were to: (1) develop the Vegetarian Lifestyle Index (VLI); and (2) evaluate adherence to the Vegetarian Food Guide Pyramid (VFGP) among a low-risk population of Adventists. The index was based on the operationalization of 14 dietary and lifestyle components. All components were equally weighted. Higher score reflected greater adherence to the VFGP. The analytic sample (n = 90,057) comprised 47.7% non-vegetarians, 5.6% semi-, 10.1% pesco-, and 29.0% lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and 7.7% vegans, of which 1.1% were current smokers and 9.9% were alcohol consumers. Population mean VLI score was 7.43 (SD = 1.75) ranging from 1 to 12.5. Non-vegetarians (6.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 6.06–6.21) had a significantly lower mean compared to semi- (7.31; 95% CI, 7.22–7.40), pesco- (7.41; 95% CI, 7.32–7.49), and lacto-ovo-vegetarians (8.16; 95% CI, 8.08–8.24), as well as vegans (8.88; 95% CI, 8.78–8.96). Vegetarians scored on average 1.18 to 2.73 more points than their non-vegetarian counterparts. Results demonstrate that the index has strong discriminant ability across distinct dietary patterns. Additionally, the VLI provides a useful measure of diet and lifestyle adherence to further refine vegetarian food pyramid guidelines.
Leadership Plan III

Leaders of the future will have to be consistently informed of what works and what does not work. Feedback will need to be garnered by the leadership using many methods including surveys, monitoring sales, and interaction with stakeholders. The amount of information that will be available to the leader will be enormous. It is important that any decisions based on this informative data are not hindered by this same enormity.
A role for chromatin regulatory dynamics in breast cancer evolution

Enhancer profiling of breast tumors reveals that chromatin regulatory elements contribute to the clonal fitness landscape, treatment resistance and phenotypic divergence.
Contributors to Health Inequities in Rural Latinas of Childbearing Age: An Integrative Review Using an Ecological Framework:

This integrative review uses an ecological framework to examine research describing multilevel contributors to health inequities among Latina childbearing women in rural U.S. communities. Rurality ...
Confinement influenced the diurnal behavior of Katahdin rams and Kiko wethers in southern-pine silvopastures

Previous studies with Kiko wethers rotationally stocked in southern-pine silvopastures showed a significant debarking of 10-11-year-old pine trees during winter and spring. There is a need to identify suitable animals and management strategies to protect trees in silvopastures. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of confinement on diurnal behavior and distribution pattern of Katahdin rams and Kiko wethers cograzing in southern-pine silvopastures during the cool-season grazing period. Diurnal behavior and distribution pattern of Kiko wethers (n = 6; 61.5 ± 1.58 kg live weight) and Katahdin rams (n = 6; 72.7 ± 4.80 kg live weight) were monitored in two sets of studies: (1) animals were rotationally stocked in three silvopasture plots with confinement (plot-gate closed), and (2) the same study was repeated with non-confinement (plot-gate open), allowing access to wooded area and open space located outside the silvopasture plots. Rams did not debark pine trees irrespective of confinement. They spent less time (17%) grazing (p < 0.05) and stayed out of the silvopasture plots for a significant period (42%) with non-confinement. Wethers showed some debarking (2%) of pine trees with confinement, but none without confinement. With non-confinement, wethers’ grazing time decreased (53%) (p < 0.0001), browsing time increased (48×) (p < 0.0001), and distribution outside the silvopasture plots remained significant (73%). Katahdin rams were found safe to use in southern-pine silvopastures consisting of 12-year-old longleaf and loblolly pine trees; however, non-confinement would be necessary while using Kiko wethers to safeguard young southern-pine trees in small silvopasture plots containing similar understory vegetation during the cool-season grazing period.
The My Body Knows When Program Increased Intuitive Eating Characteristics in a Military Population.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of the revised My Body Knows When (MBKW) program to promote intuitive eating behaviors within a sample of a military population through an online or in-person delivery mode. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-six overweight or obese adults (70% female); military service members (20%), retirees (38%) and family (42%) participated in the 10-week MBKW program at two military installations from 2012 to 2014. Body Mass Index, Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2; 23-item) and Motivation for Eating scale (MFES; 43-item) were collected at baseline and 10-weeks. Data were stratified by sex. Descriptive data were reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD), frequency, or percentage. A paired t-test was conducted with data at baseline and 10 weeks (α = 0.05, 80% power). RESULTS Participants were predominantly female (70%); mean age of 51 ± 13 years; and BMI of 34.1 ± 5.5 kg/m2. There were no demographic, MFES, or IES-2 baseline differences between groups (in-person vs. online) or location. All subjects were collapsed into one group for a pre-post MBKW implementation assessment due to small sample size despite the original intent to stratify by online and in-person grouping. At 10 weeks, the remaining 26 participants exhibited a significant improvement (mean ± SD) in BMI (-0.4 ± 0.6 kg/m2; p = 0.012), environmental/social eating score (2.7 ± 0.4 points [pts]; -0.5 pt change; p < 0.001), emotional eating score (2.2 ± 0.5 pts; -0.6 pt change; p = 0.001), unconditional permission to eat score (3.4 ± 0.4 pts; +0.3 pt change; p = 0.017), eating for physical rather than emotional eating score (3.7 ± 0.8 pts; +1.0 pt change; p < 0.001), and reliance on hunger and satiety cues score (3.6 ± 0.5 pts; +0.8 pt change; p = 0.001). High attrition rates at the 10-week follow-up assessment precluded accurate assessment of long-term intervention effects. CONCLUSIONS The MBKW program was associated with improved intuitive eating behaviors and with less external eating influence on behavior; however, a larger sample is required to assess the effectiveness of MBKW delivery mode. Modest weight loss was attained but testing the efficacy of the MBKW program in a large diverse sample with alternate scenarios may be worthwhile (e.g., primary prevention against weight gain, or during weight maintenance to prevent weight regain).
Assessing Workload in Human-Machine Teams from Psychophysiological Data with Sparse Ground Truth

Data-driven approaches to human workload assessment generally attempt to induce models from a collection of available data and a corresponding ground truth comprising self-reported measures of actual workload. However, it is often not feasible to elicit self-assessed workload ratings with great frequency. As part of an ongoing effort to improve the effectiveness of human-machine teams through real-time human workload monitoring, we explore the utility of transfer learning in situations where there is sparse subject-specific ground truth from which to develop accurate predictive models of workload. Our approach induces a workload model from the psychophysiological data collected from subjects operating a remotely piloted aircraft simulation program. Psychophysiological measures were collected from wearable sensors, and workload was self-assessed using the NASA Task Load Index. Our results provide evidence that models learned from psychophysiological data collected from other subjects outperform models trained on a limited amount of data for a given subject.
Body weight changes in young breast cancer survivors and associated predictors.

11574Background: Weight gain after cancer diagnosis is common in cancer survivors and has been linked to increased treatment toxicity, poor quality of life, and increased risk of second cancers and...
The Effect of Malnutrition on Postoperative Complications Following Surgery for Distal Radius Fractures.

Purpose Malnutrition is known to negatively affect outcomes after arthroplasty, hip fracture, and spine surgery. Although distal radius fracture surgery may be considered in a similar patient cohort, the effect of malnutrition in this scenario is unknown. We hypothesized that admission serum albumin level, as a marker for malnutrition, would correlate with the rate of postoperative complications following surgery for distal radius fracture. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement database. Patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation of a distal radius fracture were identified using Current Procedural Terminology codes. We excluded patients who were septic at presentation, were multiply injured, or had open fractures. We collected patient demographics, length of stay, 30-day complications, reoperation, and readmission rates. We performed multivariable linear regression analysis controlling for age, sex, body mass index, operative time, discharge destination, and modified Frailty Index score. Results We identified 1,989 patients (mean age, 56 years; range, 18–90 years) with available albumin levels, and 14.7% had hypoalbuminemia (albumin, Conclusions Malnutrition, indicated by albumin less than 3.5 g/dL, is a powerful predictor of uncommon, but important, postoperative complications, including mortality, following surgery for distal radius fracture. Evaluation of preoperative albumin level may, therefore, help surgeons provide individualized counseling and more accurately stratify the risk of patients. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic II.
Hiring Agents’ Beliefs: A Barrier to Employment of Autistics

Capable, qualified, and working-age (18-65) autistic adults experienced an 83% unemployment rate in the United States in 2017 resulting in extreme poverty and severely decreased quality of life. Re...
Unextracted plasma oxytocin levels decrease following in-laboratory social exclusion in young adults with a suicide attempt history.

Abstract Social exclusion is associated with greater suicide risk and more needs to be known about the biological processes contributing to this association. Oxytocin, a neuropeptide that regulates social interactions, may protect against the negative effects of exclusion by motivating social engagement. Oxytocin levels and desire for social engagement increase when non-psychiatric controls experience acute social exclusion. However, among individuals with borderline personality disorder and chronic depression, oxytocin levels decrease following exclusion. Both of these psychiatric illnesses are associated with high rates of suicidal behavior. No research has examined changes in oxytocin following social exclusion among individuals at risk for suicide. This quasi-experimental study examined differences in oxytocin levels and perceptions of social connectedness following an in-laboratory, acute social exclusion task among (a) individuals with no depression or suicide attempt histories, (b) individuals with current depression symptoms, and (c) individuals with current depression symptoms and suicide attempt histories. Young adults (N = 100) completed self-report measures and provided blood samples before and after an acute social exclusion task (Cyberball). Oxytocin was quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mixed-design ANCOVAs were used to evaluate changes in unextracted and extracted oxytocin levels, desire for emotional support, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness. Among suicide attempters, unextracted oxytocin levels decreased and desire for emotional support did not significantly change following exclusion. Among depressed and healthy controls, desire for emotional support increased and unextracted oxytocin levels did not significantly change. No significant changes in extracted oxytocin levels, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness emerged. Further research is needed to determine if dysregulated oxytocin-related processes biologically predispose individuals with suicide attempt histories to greater social disconnection and suicide risk.
Effects of boil-and-bite and custom-fit mouthguards on cardiorespiratory responses to aerobic exercise

Background The physiological responses to exercise when wearing a mouthguard may depend on the type of mouthguard and the facemask used during exercise testing. This study compared the effects of boil-and-bite (BBMG) and custom-fit (CFMG) protective mouthguards on the metabolic, cardiovascular, and ventilatory responses to exercise when wearing a facemask that allowed mouth only or nose and mouth breathing. Methods Twenty-four male college Lacrosse players (mean = 20±2 years) participated in this study. Each participant performed six submaximal exercise tests while wearing one of two facemasks (mouth only breathing and nose and mouth breathing) and one of three mouthguard conditions (BBMG, CFMG, no mouthguard). Steady-state VO 2 , rate of perceived exertion (RPE), tidal volume (V T ), respiratory rate (RR), minute ventilation (VE), and heart rate (HR) values were measured at intensities of exercise corresponding to 60% and 80% of VO 2peak . Results There were significant main effects for facemask type (mouth only breathing vs. nose and mouth breathing) for VO 2 , VE, V T , and RPE. There were significant main effects for mouthguard (BBMG, CFMG, and no mouthguard) for VO 2 , VE, RR, and HR. There were also multiple significant interactions. All of the differences in VO 2 , HR, VE, V T , RR, and RPE, although statistically significant, were negligible and of little practical significance. Conclusions The physiological responses to wearing a BBMG or CFMG are of little practical significance so they can be worn to reduce the likelihood of dental injuries without impeding metabolic, cardiovascular and ventilatory responses.
Chapter 4 – Your First 100 Days: Facing the Challenge of Becoming a New Leader

Beginnings are hard, particularly for new leaders. Even with great preparation, it can be daunting. Friends will suddenly treat you differently and you will be under a great deal of pressure to accomplish a lot in your first few months. Comparisons with the previous leader are inevitable. He or she may not have shared the right information with you or properly prepared you for the role. Many people find it difficult to balance being assertive in their new roles with treading carefully to avoid making enemies.
Embedding Scientific Explanations Into Storybooks Impacts Children's Scientific Discourse and Learning

Children's understanding of unobservable scientific entities largely depends on testimony from others, especially through parental explanations that highlight the mechanism underlying a scientific entity. Mechanistic explanations are particularly helpful in promoting children's conceptual understanding, yet they are relatively rare in parent-child conversations. The current study aimed to increase parent-child use of mechanistic conversation by modeling this language in a storybook about the mechanism of electrical circuits. We also examined whether an increase in mechanistic conversation was associated with science learning outcomes, measured at both the dyadic- and child-level. In the current study, parents and their 4- to 5-year-old children (N = 60) were randomly assigned to read a book containing mechanistic explanations (n = 32) or one containing non-mechanistic explanations (n = 28). After reading the book together, parent-child joint understanding of electricity's mechanism was tested by asking the dyad to assemble electrical components of a circuit toy so that a light would turn on. Finally, child science learning outcomes were examined by asking children to assemble a novel circuit toy and answer comprehension questions to gauge their understanding of electricity's mechanism. Results indicate that dyads who read storybooks containing mechanistic explanations were (1) more successful at completing the circuit (putting the pieces together to make the light turn on) and (2) used more mechanistic language than dyads assigned to the non-mechanistic condition. Children in the mechanistic condition also had better learning outcomes, but only if they engaged in more mechanistic discourse with their parent. We discuss these results using a social interactionist framework to highlight the role of input and interaction for learning. We also highlight how these results implicate everyday routines such as book reading in supporting children's scientific discourse and understanding.
From social drama to political performance: China’s multi-front combat with the Covid-19 epidemic

This paper analyzes the social crisis of the Covid-19 epidemic and the government responses in China from a performance perspective. It argues that the epidemic outbreak in late December 2019 initi...
Interstellar and Circumstellar Optical and Ultraviolet Lines Toward SN 1998S

We have observed SN 1998S which exploded in NGC 3877, with the Utrecht Echelle Spectrograph (6-7 km s-1 FWHM) at the William Herschel Telescope and with the E230M echelle of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (8 km s-1 FWHM) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. Both data sets were obtained at two epochs, separated by 19 (optical) and 7 days (UV data). From our own Galaxy we detect interstellar absorption lines of Ca II K, Fe II λλ2600, 2586, 2374, 2344, Mg I λ2852, and probably Mn II λ2576, at vLSR = -95 km s-1 arising from the outer edge of the High Velocity Cloud Complex M. We derive gas-phase abundances of [Fe/H] = -1.4 and [Mn/H] = -1.0, values which are very similar to warm disk clouds found in the local ISM. This is the first detection of manganese from a Galactic HVC, and we believe that the derived gas-phase abundances argue against the HVC material having an extragalactic origin. At the velocity of NGC 3877 we detect interstellar Mg I λ2852, Mn II λλ2576, 2594, 2606, Ca II K and Na I D2, D1 absorption lines, spanning a velocity range of -102 to +9 km s-1 from the systemic velocity of the galaxy (910 km s-1). Surprisingly, the component at -102 km s-1 is seen to increase by a factor of 1 dex in N(Na I) between 1998 March 20 and April 8, and in N(Mg I) between 1998 April 4 and April 11. Unusually, our data also show narrow Balmer, He I, and metastable UV Fe II P Cygni profiles, with a narrow absorption component superimposed on the bottom of the profile's absorption trough. Both the broad and narrow components of the optical lines are seen to increase substantially in strength between March 20 and April 8. The broad absorption covers ~350 km s-1 and is seen in Mg II λλ2796, 2803 absorption as well, although there is no evidence of narrow Mg II emission forming a P Cygni profile. There is some suggestion that this shelf has decreased in strength over 7 days between April 4 and April 11. Most of the low-ionization absorption can be understood in terms of gas corotating with the disk of NGC 3877, provided the supernova is at the back of the disk as we observe it, and the H I disk is of a similar thickness to our own Galaxy. However, the variable component seen in all the other lines, and the accompanying emission which forms the classic P Cygni profiles, most likely arise in slow-moving circumstellar outflows originating from the red supergiant progenitor of SN 1998S.
On-Chip Quantum-Dot Light Source for Quantum-Device Readout

Microwave readout of charge states and spin states is important for quantum information science, but is difficult to scale to a large number of qubits, due to cost and the size of the components required to faithfully transmit the signal from room temperature to mK qubit temperatures. In this study, a voltage-biased semiconductor double quantum dot is used to generate microwave photons, yielding a cryogenic on-chip source for charge-state readout. Surprisingly, the emission properties of the double dot are affected by other qubits placed in the same microwave cavity. These results should facilitate the development of a large quantum processor to realize true quantum supremacy.
Three-Column Classification System for Tibial Plateau Fractures: What the Orthopedic Surgeon Wants to Know.

Recent orthopedic surgical literature emphasizes a three-column classification system to understand and guide the treatment of tibial plateau fractures, and incorporating elements from this system ...