cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electroconvulsive therapy for comorbid major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Objective Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder frequently co-occur. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for refractory major depressive disorder. We examined the effect of ECT in patients with co-occurring major depression and PTSD. Method Using a retrospective chart review, we examined the outcome of the cases of 26 patients with major depression and co-occurring PTSD who received a course of ECT. The patients received either suprathreshold right unilateral, bilateral, or a combination of both. Using paired t test analysis, we compared the pretreatment and the posttreatment symptoms using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the PTSD Checklist. Results The patients receiving ECT had a significant reduction in the symptoms of major depression and some amelioration in PTSD symptoms. Conclusions Electroconvulsive therapy may be an effective treatment for patients with refractory depression and co-occurring PTSD.
Ground‐Water Network Design for Northwest Kansas, Using the Theory of Regionalized Variables

The ground-water observation well network in many parts of Kansas has been developed and expanded through the years without serious attempt to determine the adequacy of the network for any specified purpose or to assess its cost effectiveness. This study was undertaken to examine the existing well network in northwest Kansas and to determine the arrangement that offers the most satisfactory accuracy for the purpose of monitoring it. To achieve this goal, we have employed the theory of regionalized variables to estimate the amount of spatial variability of the water table. The error analysis produced by universal kriging indicates that a significant reduction in the number of wells could be achieved by employing a regular 4-mile (6.4-km) network, without affecting the present level of accuracy. It also indicates that it is not practical to reduce the estimation error in the water-table surface uniformly throughout the region because to do so would increase the cost of monitoring wells drastically. For example, reducing the presently existing error by 50 percent throughout the area would require 16 times more wells than the currently existing well network.
Escape Behaviors and Flight Initiation Distance in the Common Water Snake Nerodia sipedon

Escape behavior of the natricine snake Nerodia sipedon when approached by a human was studied in populations in wetlands in Ohio and Michigan. Snakes responded by dropping from vegetation, but not immediately fleeing (44%), by diving beneath the water (37%), or by swimming away with the head above the surface (19%). Flight initiation distance (distance between predator and prey when escape begins) was significantly greater for individuals that dropped than those that dove or swam on the surface. This novel finding suggests that dropping may position snakes well to escape should approach continue and perhaps might serve as a pursuit-deterrent signal. Adult females were warier (had greater flight initiation distance) than adult males or juveniles. Several hypotheses to account for this difference are discussed. Flight initiation distance increased with starting distance (distance between predator and prey when the predator begins to approach). This effect was much stronger than in the few lizard species studied. We propose that degree of risk assessed by snakes may change during approaches because a predator that moves directly toward a snake for a longer distance is more likely to have detected the snake and be attacking than a predator that approaches over a shorter distance. Increase in perceived risk would account for greater flight initiation distance associated with greater starting distance. Flight initiation distance for basking snakes did not vary with air temperature or perch height, contrary to previous findings for body temperature and perch height. Reasons for these findings are discussed.
Coastal ocean optical influences on solar transmission and radiant heating rate

[1] An extensive set of physical and optical measurements is utilized to characterize the processes and quantify parameters that contribute to the variability of solar transmission, sea surface albedo, and radiant heating rate (RHR). This study is among the first to utilize multidisciplinary observations coupled with radiative transfer simulations to investigate the impact of optical properties on solar transmission, albedo, and heating in nearshore coastal waters. The data were collected from a shallow-water coastal mooring as part of the Hyperspectral Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (HyCODE) in summer 2001. Over the 41-day time series, the average loss in solar radiation was 274 W m−2 for mean surface radiation of 365 W m−2 (average solar transmission of 21%). Quantitative coherence and principle component analyses suggest that cloud cover, chlorophyll concentration (Chl), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) have the greatest impacts on solar transmission variability on timescales of ∼1 week. Radiative transfer simulations show that Chl, absorption, and attenuation have the most significant impact on solar transmission, whereas solar angle and cloud cover greatly influence albedo.
Learning the Semantic Meaning of a Concept from the Web

Many researchers have used text classification method in solving the ontology mapping problem. Their mapping results heavily depend on the availability of quality exemplars used as training data. However, manual preparation of exemplars is costly. In this work, we propose to automatically extract text from web pages returned by a search engine. Search queries are formed according to the semantic information given in the ontology. We have implemented a prototype system that automates the entire process (from search query formation to conditional probability calculation) and conducted a series of experiments. We assessed the effectiveness of our approach by comparing the obtained conditional probabilities with human expectations. Our main contribution is that we explored the possibilities of utilizing web information for text classification based ontology mapping and made several valuable discoveries on its usefulness for future research.
Fiscal Response to a Matching Grant: Medicaid Expenditures and Enrollments, 1984-1992

Although the federal Medicaid matching formula was designed to decrease disparities in state Medicaid expenditures, significant inequities persisted throughout the 1980s. A potential reason for this is that states may substitute federal for state funds and hence, expenditures in low-spending states are not stimulated. This study uses a fixed-effects model on pooled state enrollment and expenditure data from 1984 to 1992 to examine the fiscal response of states to the Medicaid matching grant. Results indicate that states’ response to the grant was to raise fewer own-tax dollars but still spend more by using federal funds. Findings have implications for current deliberations on grant structures for Medicaid and other federal and state programs that affect low-income populations.
Physiological and functional consequences of caregiving for relatives with dementia.

Background: Chronic stress negatively affects health and well-being. A growing population of informal dementia caregivers experience chronic stress associated with extraordinary demands of caring for a relative with dementia. This review summarizes physiological and functional changes due to chronic dementia caregiver stress. Methods: A literature search for papers assessing effects of dementia caregiving was conducted focusing on publications evaluating differences between caregivers and non-caregivers in objective measures of health and cognition. Results: The review identified 37 studies describing data from 4,145 participants including 749 dementia caregivers and 3,396 non-caregiver peers. Objective outcome measures affected in dementia caregivers included markers of dyscoagulation, inflammation, and cell aging as well as measures of immune function, sleep, and cognition. Though diverse in designs, samples, and study quality, the majority of the studies indicated increased vulnerability of dementia caregivers to detrimental changes in health and cognition. Demographic and personality characteristics moderating or mediating effects of chronic stress in caregivers were also reviewed. Conclusions: There is accumulating evidence that chronic dementia caregiver stress increases their vulnerability to disease and diminishes their ability to provide optimal care. Clinicians and society need to appreciate the extent of deleterious effects of chronic stress on dementia caregiver health.
Internal friction due to oxygen relaxation in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ above Tc

YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}} has an internal friction peak near 210 {degree}C measured at 1.18 Hz. The shift in the temperature of this peak with frequency as measured with different internal friction techniques indicates that the relaxation process has an average activation energy of 1.14{plus minus}0.05 eV and a pre-exponential factor, {tau}{sub 0}=1.5{times}10{sup {minus}13} s (log {tau}{sub 0}={minus}12.82{plus minus}0.23). The peak height decreases during annealing at above 375 {degree}C in helium and increases when annealed in oxygen. The mechanism for the relaxation is believed to be the stress-induced motion of oxygen atoms in the Cu--O plane. Detailed analysis shows that the internal friction peak is determined by a spectrum of activation energies; this spectrum is a symmetrical single peak 0.12 eV wide at half-height. Models for the relaxation are considered and the resulting diffusivities are compared to tracer diffusion results.
Multiple myeloma involving the myocardium and coronary vessels

We report a case of metastatic plasmacytoma to the myocardium and coronary vessels in a 57-year-old man with multiple myeloma. Originally, the patient had a large plasmacytoma in his left chest wall and lung. He received local radiation and chemotherapy. Subsequently, the patient presented with symptoms of congestive heart failure. He had no prior history of cardiac disease. The patient was treated medically and later died from respiratory failure. At autopsy, a metastatic plasmacytoma was identified within the myocardium and externally compressing the coronary arteries. The tumor infiltrated into the coronary sinus. It is difficult to speculate whether the patient's symptoms were due to cardiac involvement since the tumor burden in his chest was also considerable. To our knowledge, coronary vessel involvement with plasmacytoma has not been previously described.
The ePortfolio: A Tool for Professional Development, Engagement, and Lifelong Learning

Professional development is, in essence, a form of lifelong learning, and as such, can be viewed within the context of pedagogical concepts. More specifically, professional development is a process...
Elasticity and the Dialectic Tensions of Organizational Identity: How Can We Hold Together While We Are Pulling Apart?

Given the ever-changing nature of contemporary workplaces, members often renegotiate how they view the identity of their organization. One way they do so is by expanding or contracting their conception of organizational identity. In studying these processes, we develop the construct of "identity elasticity"--the tensions that simultaneously stretch, while holding together, social constructions of identity. To explicate the parameters of elasticity, we problematize previous conceptions of the three foundations of organizational identity--centrality, endurance, and distinctiveness--and document the dialectic tensions experienced in their social constructions. We show how identity is experienced not only through a listing of attributes but also by negotiating a set of processual tensions.I ns o doing, we also bring together two competing views on organizational identity--process and characteristic.We show how experiencing and navigating the tensions of elasticity is a type of organizational identity work (process) that changes organizational members' con- structions of identity (characteristic). We develop our findings as a result of a 10-year-long multiple-method study of an organization undergoing significant growing pains in its identity--the Episcopal Church. Further, we position elasticity as a crucial construct with implications for how organizational identity is viewed
Oriented polyolefin laminates: A refractometry and infrared study

A series of polypropylene-copolymer laminates produced by biaxial orientation in the 120–155°C range has been characterized by refractometry and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The copolymer was a random ethylene-propylene resin and the IR techniques included tilted-film transmission as well as internal reflection, both using polarized radiation. The IR techniques yielded spectra corresponding to the machine, transverse, and through directions. Similarly, the refractometry gave refractive indices of both components of each laminate along all three axes. Results from the three techniques were compared and contrasted and the validity of the calculated internal reflectance spectra discussed. Practical methods to estimate the source and extent of errors in the latter technique from false radiation and contact problems were explored.
Compatibility of adaptive responses with combining strength and endurance training.

Impairment in strength development has been demonstrated with combined strength and endurance training as compared with strength training alone. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combining conventional 3 d.wk-1 strength and endurance training on the compatibility of improving both VO2peak and strength performance simultaneously. Sedentary adult males, randomly assigned to one of three groups (N = 10 each), completed 10 wk of training. A strength-only (S) group performed eight weight-training exercises (4 sets/exercise, 5-7 repetitions/set), an endurance-only (E) group performed continuous cycle exercise (50 min at 70% heart rate reserve), and a combined (C) group performed the same S and E exercise in a single session. S and C groups demonstrated similar increases (P < 0.0167) in 1RM squat (23% and 22%) and bench press (18% for both groups), in maximal isometric knee extension torque (12% and 7%), in maximal vertical jump (6% and 9%), and in fat-free mass (3% and 5%). E training did not induce changes in any of these variables. VO2peak (ml.kg-1.min-1) increased (P < 0.01) similarly in both E (18%) and C (16%) groups. Results indicate 3 d.wk-1 combined training can induce substantial concurrent and compatible increases in VO2peak and strength performance.
Strategic Process Research: Questions and Recommendations

The characteristics of the two most frequently cited types of strategy formulation models are compared to illustrate their major differences. A number of research issues emerge. Additional research issues then are identified in a review of literature that has raised questions about the most common model. Recommendations are provided in an attempt to help investigators pursue these and other strategic process questions.
Slow gantry rotation acquisition technique for on-board four-dimensional digital tomosynthesis

Purpose: Four-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (4D CBCT) has been investigated for motion imaging in the radiotherapy treatment room. The drawbacks of 4D CBCT are long scan times and high imaging doses. The aims of this study were to develop and investigate a slow gantry rotation acquisition protocol for four-dimensional digital tomosynthesis (4D DTS) as a faster, lower dose alternative to 4D CBCT. Methods: This technique was implemented using an On-Board Imager kV imaging system (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) mounted on the gantry of a linear accelerator. The general procedure for 4D DTS imaging using slow gantry rotation acquisition consists of the following steps: (1) acquire projections over a limited gantry rotation angle in a single motion with constant frame rate and gantry rotation speed; (2) generate a respiratory signal and temporally match projection images with appropriate points from the respiratory signal; (3) use the respiratory signal to assign phases to each of the projection images; (4) sort projection images into phase bins; and (5) reconstruct phase images. Phantom studies were conducted to validate theoretically derived relationships between acquisition and respiratory parameters. Optimization of acquisition parameters was then conducted by simulating lung scans using patient data. Lung tumors with more » approximate volumes ranging from 0.12 to 1.53 cm{sup 3} were studied. Results: A protocol for slow gantry rotation 4D DTS was presented. Equations were derived to express relationships between acquisition parameters (frame rate, phase window, and angular intervals between projections), respiratory cycle durations, and resulting acquisition times and numbers of projections. The phantom studies validated the relationships, and the patient studies resulted in determinations of appropriate acquisition parameters. The phase window must be set according to clinical goals. For 10% phase windows, we found that appropriate frame rates ranging from 2 to 5 frames/s, gantry rotation speeds ranging from 0.44 to 1.03 deg./s, and aiming for an approximate maximum angular interval of 3.4 deg. between projections in phase bins were appropriate for dose, scan time, and tumor visibility optimization. Adequate tumor visibility was achieved for coronal 4D DTS images of all three lung tumors with acquisition times ranging from 0.45 to 2.12 min. vs 1.84 to 4.24 min for 4D CBCT. 4D DTS imaging doses ranged from 0.12 to 0.72 times the dose of a standard CBCT scan vs 0.48 to 1.44 times the dose of a standard CBCT scan for 4D CBCT. Conclusions: A slow gantry rotation acquisition technique for 4D DTS was developed and investigated. Study results indicated that 4D DTS is a feasible technique for imaging lung tumor motion in the treatment room and requires shorter acquisition times and less imaging dose than 4D CBCT for larger tumors that do not require large scan angles for sagittal views and for situations where only coronal views are needed to meet clinical needs. « less
Impact of coexistent lumbar spine disorders on clinical outcomes and physician charges associated with total hip arthroplasty.

Abstract Background context Despite the common prevalence of lumbar spine and degenerative hip disorders, there are few descriptions of patients with coexisting hip disorders and lumbar spine disorders (LSDs). The independent economic burden of each disorder is substantial, but the financial burden when the disorders are coexisting is unknown. Purpose To determine the prevalence of coexisting hip disorders and LSDs in a large cohort of patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) as well as the impact on pain and functional THA outcomes and physician charges. Study design This is a retrospective study performed at a tertiary university. Patient sample Three thousand two hundred six patients underwent total hip replacement from 1996 to 2008. Outcome measures Self-report measures: visual analog scale. Functional measures: modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) hip questionnaire. Economic impact measures: physician medical charges. Methods International Classification of Diseases, Version 9, billing codes related to LSDs were cross-referenced with the 3,206 patients who had undergone a THA to determine which patients were also evaluated by a spine specialist. Demographic, hip clinical outcomes, and physician charges for patients with THA alone (THA alone) were compared with patients treated with THA and diagnosed with an LSD (THA+LSD). Results Of 3,206 patients who underwent THA, 566 (18%) were also evaluated by a spine specialist. Of those with an LSD, 334 (59%) were women with an older average age (64.5±13.3 years) compared with patients treated with THA alone (51%, 58.5±15.5 years, p=.0001). Patients in the THA alone group as compared with the THA+LSD group had greater improvement in the mHHS (p=.0001), UCLA score (p=.0001), and pain (p=.0001). Patients in the THA+LSD group incurred on average $2,668 more in charges per episode of care as compared with patients in the THA alone group (p Conclusions Patients undergoing THA alone had greater improvement in function and pain relief with fewer medical charges as compared with patients undergoing a THA and treatment for an LSD. The prevalence of coexisting hip disorders and spine disorders is likely higher than currently documented. Further study is needed to improve therapeutic recommendations and determine the potential for reduction in medical expenses associated with concurrent treatment of hip OA and LSDs.
Geriatric Oral Health and Pneumonia Risk

The oral cavity is a complex microenvironment consisting of multiple bacterial and fungal species, their associated biofilms, and a cytokine milieu influenced by constant inflammatory stimulation. Multiple infectious consequences of poor oral health have been extensively described and primarily affect older adults. Probably the most common sequelae of poor oral health in aged persons is a risk of aspiration pneumonia. The risk of aspiration pneumonia is greatest when periodontal disease, dental caries, and poor oral hygiene are compounded by swallowing disease, feeding problems, and poor functional status. The effectiveness of oral hygiene interventions for preventing aspiration pneumonia and barriers to oral care of nursing home patients require additional study, but the current state of research in these areas is reviewed in this manuscript. The expense of aspiration pneumonia as a nursing home complication makes dental hygiene a potentially cost-saving intervention.
Clinical manifestations of testicular adrenal rest tumor in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Purpose: In male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), the presence of testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) have been reported, however their pre­ valence and clinical manifestations are not well known. Untreated TARTs may lead to testicular structural damage and infertility. This study was conducted to investi­ gate the prevalence of TARTs in male patients with CAH, and characterize the mani­ festations to identify contributing factors to TART. Methods: Among 102 CAH patients aged 0–30 years, 24 male patients have been regularly followed up in our outpatient clinic at Severance Children’s Hospital from January 2000 to December 2014. In order to reveiw the characteristics of TART patients, we calculated the mean levels of hormones during the 5 years before the time of investigation. Five patients underwent follow­up scrotal ultrasonography (US) after adjusting the dosage of glucocorticoids. Results: TARTs were detected in 8 of the 13 patients (61.5%). The median age of TARTs diagnosis was 20.2 years with the youngest case being 15.5 years old. The mean serum level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was higher in the TARTs patient group compared to the non­TARTs group (P<0.05). The tumor size decreased in 3 cases, slightly increased in 1 case, and had no change in another case. Conclusion: The serum ACTH level might be associated with the growth promoting factor for TARTs, but the exact mechanism has not been clearly identified. Screening for TARTs using US is important in male patients with CAH for early­detection and prevention of ongoing complications, such as infertility.
Impact of Channel Estimation on Ultra-Wideband System Design

The impact of imperfect estimates on ultra-wideband (UWB) system performance is investigated when path delays and path amplitudes are jointly estimated. The Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) of the path delay estimates is presented as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and signal bandwidth. The performance of a UWB system employing a Rake receiver and maximum ratio combining is analyzed taking into account estimation errors as predicted by the CRB. Expressions of the bit error rate (BER) are obtained displaying the effect of the number of pilot symbols and the number of multipath components on the overall system performance. Allocations of power resources to pilot symbols are determined to optimize the BER. Results indicate that the impact of path delay estimation errors has to be taken into account, particularly at low SNR. Finally, the estimation errors are taken into account to optimize the signal bandwidth and the number of fingers of the Rake receiver in UWB systems. With limited number of pilot symbols (< 10), the optimal bandwidth is smaller than 1 GHz. For a given bandwidth of 2 GHz, the optimum number of paths to be processed by Rake receivers is approximately 20.
Psychological Expectancy as Mediator of Vulnerability to Alcoholism

Alcohol expectancy has proven to be a powerful predictor of drinking behavior, including alcoholism, in a wide range of groups. Three recent studies that begin to address expectancy's relation to other alcoholism vulnerability factors are reviewed. Results indicate that: (1) expectancies for reinforcement from alcohol predate teens' first drinking experiences; (2) expectancies predict subsequent drinking onset and problem drinking; (3) high initial expectancies lead to a vicious cycle of progressively more drinking and more positive expectancies during the adolescent years; (4) expectancy mediates the influence of family drinking history on adolescent drinking; and (5) as an alcohol-specific risk factor, expectancy adds to and (in women) interacts with more general, dispositional (personality) risk factors to predict problem drinking in young adults. These findings support the model of expectancy as a mediator of the original causal influences of earlier learning experiences. Language: en
Coherent Structures in the Flow Field around a Circular Cylinder with Scour Hole

Large-eddy simulation (LES) and laboratory-flume visualizations were used to investigate coherent structures present in the flow field around a circular cylinder located in a scour hole. The bathymetry corresponds to equilibrium scour conditions and is fixed in LES. The flow parameters in the simulation correspond to the experimental conditions in which the approach flow is fully turbulent. Detailed consideration is given to the interaction of the horseshoe vortex (HV) system within the scour hole with the detached shear layers formed from the cylinder, and the near bed turbulence. It is found that the overall structure of the HV system varies considerably in space and time, though a large, relatively stable, primary necklace vortex is present at practically all times inside the scour hole. The simulation captures the presence of bimodal chaotic oscillations inside the HV system, as well as the sharp increase in the resolved turbulent kinetic energy levels and pressure fluctuations reported in prior experimental investigations. High levels of the mean bed shear stress are observed beneath the primary necklace vortex, especially over the region where the bimodal oscillations are strong, as well as beneath the small junction vortex at the base of the cylinder. It is also found that the detachment and advection of patches of vorticity from the downstream part of the legs of the necklace vortices can induce large instantaneous bed shear stress values. When the critical bed shear stress value for sediment entrainment on a flat surface is adjusted for bed slope effects, the LES simulation correctly predicts that the distribution of the mean bed shear stress is consistent with equilibrium scour conditions.
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Prophylactic cranial irradiation is now known to improve survival to a significant degree in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients; this is in addition to its established role in preventing the disabling symptoms of brain metastases. New information indicates that it confers a survival benefit for limited or extensive stage SCLC patients gaining a complete response in the chest. A review of causes of cerebral dysfunction as a complication indicates that such problems can be due to suboptimal radiation fractionation, chemotherapy, or an inappropriate combination of prophylactic brain irradiation with chemotherapy. Optimum treatment with prophylactic brain irradiation has been shown not to cause adverse effects with detailed psychometric testing. Several additional sources of information can be drawn together to suggest a dose-response pattern for prophylactic brain irradiation, leading to the recommendation that a dose of 25-36 Gy is optimal, delivered in 2-3 Gy daily fractions after the completion of chest irradiation and chemotherapy. This will be better defined in future clinical trials.
The Challenge of Library Management: Leading With Emotional Engagement by Wyoma VanDuinkerken and Pixey Anne Mosley

The title of this book is appropriate in one sense—it is a library management guide—but it could also be called Change in Libraries: A Manager's Guide. Change literature is more than abundant and a...
Huizinga on America

The Dutch historian Johan Huizinga, perhaps best known for his writings on the Middle Ages and on play in human life, also wrote rather extensively on the United States. He both followed and, in ce...
Kinetic Measurements for Enzyme Immobilization

Enzyme kinetics is the study of the chemical reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes, with a focus on their reaction rates. The study of an enzyme's kinetics considers the various stages of activity, reveals the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme, correlates its value to assay conditions, and describes how a drug or a poison might inhibit the enzyme. Victor Henri initially reported that enzyme reactions were initiated by a bond between the enzyme and the substrate. By 1910, Michaelis and Menten were advancing their work by studying the kinetics of an enzyme saccharase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose. They published their analysis and ever since the Michaelis-Menten equation has been used as the standard to describe the kinetics of many enzymes. Unfortunately, soluble enzymes must generally be immobilized to be reused for long times in industrial reactors. In addition, other critical enzyme properties have to be improved like stability, activity, inhibition by reaction products, and selectivity towards nonnatural substrates. Immobilization is by far the chosen process to achieve these goals.Although the Michaelis-Menten approach has been regularly adapted to the analysis of immobilized enzyme activity, its applicability to the immobilized state is limited by the barriers the immobilization matrix places upon the measurement of compounds that are used to model enzyme kinetics. That being said, the estimated value of the Michaelis-Menten coefficients (e.g., V max, K M) can be used to evaluate effects of immobilization on enzyme activity in the immobilized state when applied in a controlled manner. In this review enzyme activity and kinetics are discussed in the context of the immobilized state, and a few novel protocols are presented that address some of the unique constraints imposed by the immobilization barrier.
Lawyer mothers: infant-feeding intentions and behavior.

OBJECTIVES Maternal employment postpartum can have a powerful influence over infant-feeding behaviors. The objective of this cross-sectional online survey was to explore the infant-feeding intentions and behaviors of a convenience sample of lawyer mothers. We compared our findings with those for physician mothers. METHODS Lawyers participated in an anonymous online survey. To eliminate the influence of multiple births, only study subjects with one child were reviewed for inclusion in this analysis. We used SPSS for calculation of descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney test for comparisons, and the Spearman rank correlation test for testing correlations. RESULTS All mothers (29 lawyers and 47 physicians) included in the final analysis reported an intention to breast-feed, with 55% of lawyers wanting to breast-feed for at least 12 months. Physicians' breast-feeding rates were 98% at birth, 83% at 6 months, and 51% at 12 months. Lawyers' breast-feeding rates were 100% at birth, 55% at 6 months, and 17% at 12 months. Their duration of breast-feeding correlated with the support level at work and the sufficiency of time and availability of appropriate places at work to express milk. CONCLUSIONS This study did not detect statistically significant differences in infant-feeding intentions and behaviors of lawyer mothers when compared with physician mothers. Although the majority of lawyer mothers intended to breast-feed for at least 12 months, only a minority achieved that goal. Our findings support the development of workplace strategies and programs to promote breast-feeding duration among lawyers returning to work after childbirth.
The Biopsy: The Pathologist’s Point of View

The science of medicine is constantly evolving. Surgical pathology must respond to these changes. For example, incisional biopsies once taken during an open surgical procedure are now being replaced by FNA biopsies performed on the outpatient. Pathologists are being asked to diagnose lesions on smaller pieces of tissue and fewer cells. Advances in molecular biology are allowing diseases to be examined at the molecular level. The pathologist is now asked to integrate this molecular data into his or her diagnostic process (e.g., lymphomas). The impact on the pathologist of the increased complexity imposed on examination of tissues cannot be overstated. Despite these difficulties, diagnosis always comes down to the integration of the morphologic features with the clinical findings. As such, the diagnosis will always depend on close teamwork between the surgeon and the pathologist.
Fertility Awareness Counseling for Adolescent Girls; Guiding Conception: The Right Time, Right Weight, and Right Way

Abstract Study Objective To provide a detailed summary of fertility awareness counseling pearls for healthy teens and those with fertility-relevant comorbidities, and to assist providers in offering such counseling to adolescents and young adult women. Design, Setting, Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome Measures Comprehensive literature review of English-language studies relating to fertility in pediatric and adolescent female patients (ages 13-21 years), and evidence-based dialogue guide. Results The literature indicates that although adolescents are interested in discussing sexuality and reproduction, this is commonly overlooked during the standard office medical visit. As a result, adolescents often turn to less reliable sources and hold a variety of reproductive misconceptions and a sense of lack of control over future fertility. We found no studies that examined the routine provision of fertility awareness counseling with healthy adolescents. There are a multitude of specific gynecologic and medical conditions that have ramifications for fertility. We detail these comprehensively, and provide a dialogue guide to assist with fertility awareness counseling for the female adolescent, containing specific information and indications for referral. Conclusion Providers caring for adolescent girls have the opportunity to enhance fertility awareness as part of a larger reproductive health conversation that adolescents desire, and from which they might benefit. Identifying potential future fertility issues, understanding age-related fertility decline, and aiding in health optimization before future conception might empower the adolescent to make informed reproductive decisions. We provide an algorithm to use with adolescents to discuss the “right time, right weight, right way” to pursue childbearing.
Empirical modeling of plasma clouds produced by the Metal Oxide Space Clouds experiment

The Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) Long-Range Tracking And Instrumentation Radar (ALTAIR) radar at Kwajalein Atoll was used in incoherent scatter mode to measure plasma densities within two artificial clouds created by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Metal Oxide Space Clouds (MOSC) experiment in May 2013. Optical imager, ionosonde, and ALTAIR measurements were combined to create 3-D empirical descriptions of the plasma clouds as a function of time, which match the radar measurements to within 15%. The plasma clouds closely track the location of the optical clouds, and the best fit plasma cloud widths are generally consistent with isotropic neutral diffusion. Cloud plasma densities decreased as a power of time, with exponents between −0.5 and −1.0, or much more slowly than the −1.5 predicted by diffusion. These exponents and estimates of total ion number from integration through the model volume are consistent with a scenario of slow ionization and a gradually increasing total number of ions with time, reaching a net ionization fraction of 20% after approximately half an hour. These robust representations of the plasma density are being used to study impacts of the artificial clouds on the dynamics of the background ionosphere and on RF propagation.
A theorem proving approach for automatically synthesizing visualizations of flow cytometry data

Polychromatic flow cytometry is a popular technique that has wide usage in the medical sciences, especially for studying phenotypic properties of cells. The high-dimensionality of data generated by flow cytometry usually makes it difficult to visualize. The naive solution of simply plotting two-dimensional graphs for every combination of observables becomes impractical as the number of dimensions increases. A natural solution is to project the data from the original high dimensional space to a lower dimensional space while approximately preserving the overall relationship between the data points. The expert can then easily visualize and analyze this low-dimensional embedding of the original dataset. This paper describes a new method, SANJAY, for visualizing high-dimensional flow cytometry datasets. This technique uses a decision procedure to automatically synthesize two-dimensional and three-dimensional projections of the original high-dimensional data while trying to minimize distortion. We compare SANJAY to the popular multidimensional scaling (MDS) approach for visualization of small data sets drawn from a representative set of benchmarks, and our experiments show that SANJAY produces distortions that are 1.44 to 4.15 times smaller than those caused due to MDS. Our experimental results show that SANJAY also outperforms the Random Projections technique in terms of the distortions in the projections. We describe a new algorithmic technique that uses a symbolic decision procedure to automatically synthesize low-dimensional projections of flow cytometry data that typically have a high number of dimensions. Our algorithm is the first application, to our knowledge, of using automated theorem proving for automatically generating highly-accurate, low-dimensional visualizations of high-dimensional data.
Symmetry Broken Nanostructures: Anisotropic and Multi-Component Nanoparticles

Low-dimensional and nanostructured materials with precisely tunable architectures/compositions are needed to advance our understanding of materials nucleation and growth and to enable discovery of new properties vital to scientific and technological advances. Anisotropic or multi- component nanostructures are a promising material type and are sought after, because their broken symmetries engender unique optical, catalytic, and mechanical properties. Nevertheless, methods to synthesize such symmetry broken nanostructures are in short supply. We demonstrate a one-pot, high-yield synthesis of structurally anisotropic nanoscale dimers composed of noble metals and propose a mechanism for their formation. Detailed electron microscopy studies, in conjunction with electrochemical, nuclear magnetic resonance, and optical spectroscopies, suggest these symmetry broken structures may possess unique catalytic and plasmonic properties. Through rational modifications to our synthetic strategy, we also access a range of unique material polymorphs and alloys.
The future of subalpine forests in the Southern Rocky Mountains: Trajectories for Pinus aristata genetic lineages

Like many other high elevation alpine tree species, Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata Engelm.) may be particularly vulnerable to climate change. To evaluate its potential vulnerability to shifts in climate, we defined the suitable climate space for each of four genetic lineages of bristlecone pine and for other subalpine tree species in close proximity to bristlecone pine forests. Measuring changes in the suitable climate space for lineage groups is an important step beyond models that assume species are genetically homogenous. The suitable climate space for bristlecone pine in the year 2090 is projected to decline by 74% and the proportional distribution of suitable climate space for genetic lineages shifts toward those associated with warmer and wetter conditions. The 2090 climate space for bristlecone pine exhibits a bimodal distribution along an elevation gradient, presumably due to the persistence of the climate space in the Southern Rocky Mountains and exclusion at mid-elevations by conditions that favor the climate space of other species. These shifts have implications for changes in fire regimes, vulnerability to pest and pathogens, and altered carbon dynamics across the southern Rockies, which may reduce the likelihood of bristlecone pine trees achieving exceptional longevity in the future. The persistence and expansion of climate space for southern bristlecone pine genetic lineage groups in 2090 suggests that these sources may be the least vulnerable in the future. While these lineages may be more likely to persist and therefore present opportunities for proactive management (e.g., assisted migration) to maintain subalpine forest ecosystem services in a warmer world, our findings also imply heighted conservation concern for vulnerable northern lineages facing range contractions.
Safe space in the college classroom: contact, dignity, and a kind of publicness

Current discourse about higher education focuses on issues like government funding, student debt, and admissions diversity; however, increasing attention is being paid to issues of speech and polit...
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of a clinical isolate of vancomycin-dependent enterococcus using D-alanine-D-alanine as a growth supplement.

Bacteremia due to a vancomycin-dependent enterococcus (VDE) occurred during long-term vancomycin therapy in a renal transplant recipient with underlying pancreatitis and a vancomycin-resistant enterococcal (VRE) wound infection and bacteremia. The VDE was isolated from blood during vancomycin therapy and grew only in the presence of vancomycin and D-alanine-D-alanine (DADA), a substance required for cell-wall synthesis. Colonies beyond the periphery of growth of the VDE around a vancomycin disk contained vancomycin-independent revertant mutants after 48 hours of incubation. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of the VDE, revertant mutant, the initial blood culture isolate of VRE, and an autopsy isolate showed that the four strains were identical. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using standard macrobroth and microbroth dilution methods. DADA was used as a growth supplement for macrobroth dilution susceptibility testing of the VDE isolate. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were similar for the VRE isolate and the VDE revertant, which were both resistant to ampicillin, high-level gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, vancomycin, and daptomycin, and were susceptible to fusidic acid, high-level streptomycin, rifampin, and a quinupristin-dalfopristin combination. The MICs of teicoplanin were 2 μg/mL or less and 16 μg/mL for the clinical VRE isolate and the VDE revertant, respectively. The autopsy isolate was resistant to all antimicrobials tested and showed a fourfold increase in MICs for quinupristin-dalfopristin compared with that of the original blood isolate. The VDE was susceptible to all drugs tested except vancomycin.
Three-dimensional vision

Three-dimensional vision refers to the process of gathering, processing, and interpreting visual data of a three-dimensional environment. A 3-D vision system may employ either passive or active techniques. A passive technique is one that utilizes available light sources (i.e., those necessary to provide general illumination of the viewed environment), whereas an active technique utilizes the projection of a prestructured light pattern to supply “ground truth” information. This chapter describes the calibration of a fixed camera and a fixed laser scanner. Three-dimensional point estimation methods are then discussed. Finally, a working 3-D vision system used for robotic assembly is described.
The PRIOR: results for OAEI campaign 2007

Ontology mapping is to find semantic correspondences between similar elements of different ontologies. It is critical to achieve semantic interoperability in the WWW. This paper summarizes the results of the PRIOR+ participating at OAEI campaign 2007. The PRIOR+ is a generic and automatic ontology mapping tool, based on propagation theory, information retrieval technique and artificial intelligence model. The approach utilizes both linguistic and structural information of ontologies, and measures the profile similarity of different elements of ontologies in a vector space model (VSM). Furthermore, the PRIOR+ adaptively aggregate different similarities according to the harmony of similarity matrix. Finally the PRIOR+ deals with ontology constraints using interactive activation and competitive neural network. The preliminary results of benchmark task are presented, followed by a discussion. Some future works are given at the end.
Rural Cancer Control: Bridging the Chasm in Geographic Health Inequity.

Studies have shown time after time that where people live can affect what diseases they get, how they die, and when they die ([1–6][1]). In 2017, about 15% of the U.S. population, about 46 million people, lived in rural areas. Although geography alone cannot predict cancer risk, it can impact
Error types with use of medication-related technology: A mixed methods research study

Abstract Background Health information technology has been integrated throughout the medication use process to enhance safety, quality, and care efficiency. However, technologies have the potential to eliminate or reduce, but also create some new types of errors. Objective Assess specific error types before and after the incorporation of two different health information technologies (HITs), e-prescribing and automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs), into pharmacists’ daily work. Methods A mixed methods design guided use of a pre-existing database of pharmacist survey responses describing patient safety HIT-related issues in the form of errors prevented and errors observed. In vivo descriptive text responses were converted into error types. Descriptive analysis was performed to characterize the error types associated with each HIT. Results Four error types were eliminated with the use of e-prescribing, three new error types emerged, and three error types persisted. With ADC use, four error types were eliminated, three new error types emerged, and three error types persisted. Conclusion Each technology has its own error types, and some persist regardless of HIT use. There is a need to determine optimal risk reduction approaches for each unique HIT introduced, and design safety practice improvement for error types unaffected by the introduction of HIT use.