cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extent of lymphadenectomy is associated with oncological efficacy of sublobar resection for lung cancer ≤2 cm.

Abstract Background Sublobar resection (SLR) is an alternative to lobectomy for early non–small cell lung cancer. Comparative effectiveness of these 2 approaches might be modified by the extent of lymph node dissection. Methods We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program–Medicare dataset to identify patients with stage I non–small cell lung cancer aged 66 years or older with tumor size ≤2 cm. We compared patient characteristics with t tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to determine overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). We evaluated OS and CSS among propensity-matched cohorts undergoing lobectomy versus SLR, particularly as it related to extent of lymphadenectomy. Results Among 2757 lobectomies and 1229 SLR procedures performed for stage I tumors ≤2 cm, we propensity-matched 1124 patients from each group. Patients undergoing SLR were more likely to have no lymph nodes sampled (46.9% vs 6.4%; P Conclusions SLR leads to fewer lymph node removed and is associated with inferior survival compared with lobectomy. A more extensive lymphadenectomy may be associated with equivalent survival between matched patients undergoing SLR and lobectomy.
Systematic Mapping of Binary Nanocrystal Superlattices: The Role of Topology in Phase Selection.

The self-assembly of two sizes of spherical nanocrystals has revealed a surprisingly diverse library of structures. To date, at least 15 distinct binary nanocrystal superlattice (BNSL) structures have been identified. The stability of these binary phases cannot be fully explained using the traditional conceptual framework treating the assembly process as entropy-driven crystallization of rigid spherical particles. Such deviation from hard sphere behavior may be explained by the soft and deformable layer of ligands that envelops the nanocrystals, which contributes significantly to the overall size and shape of assembling particles. In this work, we describe a set of experiments designed to elucidate the role of the ligand corona in shaping the thermodynamics and kinetics of BNSL assembly. Using hydrocarbon-capped Au and PbS nanocrystals as a model binary system, we systematically tuned the core radius (R) and ligand chain length (L) of particles and subsequently assembled them into binary superlattices. Th...
Effect of the nonleaving groups on the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of platinum-acridine anticancer agents

Abstract Three new derivatives of a platinum–acridine hybrid anticancer agent were synthesized using nitrile–amine coupling (amidination) chemistry. In the new structures, the nonleaving group propane-1,3-diamine (pn) of a previously optimized analogue (hybrid 1) was replaced with 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine (Me2pn, hybrid 2), (1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (R,R-dach, hybrid 3), or (1S,2S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (S,S-dach, hybrid 4). The cytotoxicity of the four compounds was determined in two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, NCI-H460 and A549. The IC50 values extracted from cell proliferation assays span a range of two orders of magnitude, with the highest activity established for compound 1 in NCI-H460 (8 nM) and the lowest for compound 4 in A549 (825 nM). Partitioning coefficients (log D, based on compound distribution in 1-octanol/saline) and levels of cellular accumulation (by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS) were determined for the hybrids. The results suggest that efficient cellular uptake by an active transport mechanism, which depends on the nature of the nonleaving group, is a modulator of chemosensitivity and a prerequisite for the high nanomolar cytotoxicity observed for the most active platinum–acridines.
Improving Early Discharges With an Electronic Health Record Discharge Optimization Tool.

Introduction Delays in hospital discharge can negatively impact patient care, bed availability, and patient satisfaction. There are limited studies examining how the electronic health record (EHR) can be used to improve discharge timeliness. This study aimed to implement an EHR discharge optimization tool (DOT) successfully and achieve a discharge before noon (DBN) percentage of 25%. Methods We conducted a single-center quality improvement study of patients discharged from 3 pediatric hospital medicine teaching service teams at a quaternary care academic children's hospital. The multidisciplinary team created a DOT centrally embedded within the care team standard workflow to communicate anticipated time until discharge. The primary outcome was the monthly percentage of patients discharged before noon. Secondary outcomes included provider utilization of the DOT, tool accuracy, and patient length of stay. Balancing measures were 7- and 30-day readmission rates. Results The DBN percentage increased from 16.4% to an average of 19.3% over the 13-month intervention period (P = 0.0005). DOT utilization was measured at 87.2%, and the overall accuracy of predicting time until discharge was 75.6% (P < 0.0001). Median length of stay declined from 1.75 to 1.68 days (P = 0.0033), and there was no negative impact on 7- or 30-day readmission rates. Conclusion This initiative demonstrated that a highly utilized and accurate discharge tool could be created in the EHR to assist medical care teams with improving DBN percentage on busy, academic teaching services.
Evaluation of health promotion projects for hepatitis B among different community population in Shanghai

Objective To investigate the awareness of hepatitis B (HB) and evaluate the effects of health promotion projects in Shanghai Communities.Methods Based on a survey about HB awareness,several kinds of health promotion projects were implemented among deferent community population,and the changes of the awareness and behaviors were analysed.Results After health promotion,the HB awareness about infectiousness,the route of transmission and vaccination in Shanghai communities increased from 66.91％,35.23％ and 65.04％ to 96.62％,91.04％ and 94.22％ respectively ( P ＜0.01 ) ; the risk behaviors such as sharing razors,beauty in non-formal institutions and sharing syringes decreased from 14.24％,4.21％ and 8.64％ to 9.97％,1.64％ and 3.15％ respectively ( P ＜ 0.01 ) ; the willingness of HB vaccination increased from 67.27％ to 89.22％ ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion It was very effective to implement various forms of targeted health promotion in communities,which not only improves the awareness and the willingness vaccination of HB,but also reduces the dangerous behaviors. Key words: Hepatitis B; Health promotion; Communities
Higher Order Temporal Analysis of Global Terrorism Data.

Temporal networks are a fundamental and flexible way of describing the activities, relationships, and evolution of any complex system. Global terrorism is one of the biggest concerns of recent times. It is also an example of a temporal network that evolves over time. Graph analytics can be used to explore salient properties of the terrorism network to understand its modus operandi, which can be used by the global alliance of security and government entities to form a co-ordinated response to this threat. We present graph based analysis to understand temporal evolution of global terrorism using the Global Terrorism Database (GTD).
The Gut Microbiome and Resistome of Healthy Volunteers are Restructured After Short Courses of Antibiotics

Background: Antimicrobial exposure is a significant risk factor for the development of antibiotic-resistant organisms (ARO); however, the depth and duration of this impact is not well described. The study goal is to define impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiome of healthy volunteers (HVs). Methods: HVs were randomized to receive either 5 days of levofloxacin (LVX), azithromycin (AZM), cefpodoxime (CPD), or AZM + CPD (Fig. 1). Stool samples were collected at 15 time points per patient before, during, and after antibiotics. Remnant stool samples from the microbiology laboratory were collected from patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) as a comparison of the microbiome in a critically ill state. DNA was extracted from samples and was submitted for shotgun sequencing. Relative abundance, resistome, and metabolic pathway abundance of bacterial taxa were determined and statistical analysis conducted in R software. Results: In total, 289 stool specimens from 20 HVs, and 26 remnant stool specimens were obtained from patients admitted from the MICU (Fig. 1). Community diversity and richness decreased in the first week post-ABX for all HVs (P < .01). Linear discriminant analysis identified Bacteroides and Clostridium as taxonomic groups enriched after CPD, while AZM and LVX produced a relative abundance increase in diverse Firmicutes spp. Longitudinal tracking confirmed that after all antibiotics except LVX, HV microbiomes lost species diversity and shifted toward a state similar to that observed in MICU patients (Fig. 2). The gut microbiome of most HVs exhibited resiliency and returned to a higher diversity level similar to their starting point; however, 10% of HVs did not. Moreover, antibiotic-specific increases in resistance markers reveal innate resistance to β-lactams and macrolides within the gut microbiome of the HVs. Finally, HV microbiomes, which shifted toward a MICU-like taxonomic state, also clustered with microbial metabolic profiles from MICU patients. The HV microbial metabolic profiles were significantly enriched for important biosynthesis pathways producing chorismate and polysaccharides. MICU patient gut microbiomes were enriched for fatty acid regulation and quinolone biosynthesis, and for many degradation pathways important for different aspects of antibiotic resistance such as membrane integrity, alternative respiration, and antibiotic inactivation. Conclusions: Short courses of antibiotics can cause acute and chronic microbiome disruptions in HVs, as evidenced by decreased microbiome diversity and increases in specific innate resistance elements. These data support the need for antimicrobial stewardship to support rationale antibiotic use to prevent gut microbiome disruptions. Funding: CDC BAA 200-2016-91962 Disclosures: None
Listening at a Distance: Reading the Sound World of Gothic Literature with Topic Modeling and Text Analysis

Traditionally text-focused digital humanities tools can assist in sound studies research by revealing patterns in how sound is described in historical text. When combined with close reading, these patterns facilitate insight into how sound was interpreted and communicated in time periods for which no sound recording technology existed. This article centers on the literary works of gothic author Ann Radcliffe (1764–1823), whose texts have been recognized for their inclusion of rich descriptions of sound. I examine the results of text analysis and topic modeling performed on Radcliffe’s corpus in the context of how contemporaneous aestheticians understood and wrote about sound. The results reveal that Radcliffe’s sonic language encompasses a comprehensive and calculated narrative use of sound, which reflects an understanding of theories on obscurity, sublime terror, and associationism put forward by aestheticians during her time. On a larger level, this article illustrates the mutual value that stems from integrating digital humanities and sound studies research: analyzing sonic language expands the types of questions to which visually oriented digital humanities tools can be applied, and digital tools aid in excavating otherwise silent sound worlds of the past. ResumeLes outils des humanites numeriques qui sont traditionnellement focalises sur les textes peuvent aider dans la recherche des sons en devoilant des modeles concernant la facon dont le son est decrit dans des textes historiques. Une fois combines avec la lecture attentive, ces modeles facilitent des apercus de la maniere dont le son a ete interprete et communique pendant des epoques ou aucune technologie d’enregistrement sonore n’existait. Cet article se concentre sur les oeuvres litteraires de l’auteure Ann Radcliffe (1764–1823), dont les textes sont connus pour l’inclusion de descriptions riches du son. J’examine les resultats d’analyses de textes, ainsi que ceux des modelisations thematiques realisees sur le corpus de Radcliffe, en prenant en compte l’interpretation et le traitement des sons d’estheticiens contemporains. Les resultats indiquent que le langage sonique de Radcliffe inclut l’usage narratif etendu et calcule d’un langage sonique qui reflete une interpretation theorique de l’obscurite, de la peur sublime et de l’associationnisme que les estheticiens avancaient a l’epoque. A plus grande echelle, cet article presente la valeur mutuelle qui se produit grâce a l’integration des humanites numeriques et de la recherche des etudes de son : analyser le langage sonique enrichit les types de questions auxquelles les outils axes sur les aspects visuels des humanites numeriques peuvent s’appliquer, et les outils numeriques aident a extraire du passe des mondes sonores, qui seraient autrement silencieux. Mots-cles: modelisation thematique; analyse de texte; son; Ann Radcliffe; gothique; sublime
In situ characterization of temperature and gas production using membrane interface probe (MIP) and hydraulic profiling tool (HPT) in an operating municipal solid waste landfill

A modern Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfill is a renewable energy resource to produce a significant amount of heat and methane used for generating electricity. However, it is difficult to use those sources effectively because active and post-closure MSW landfills are heterogeneous spatially and temporally and exposed to complex environments with varying pressure and moisture in the landfill. With regard to the prediction of the sources, the analysis of in situ MSW properties is an alternative way to reduce the uncertainty and to understand complex processes undergoing in the landfill effectively. A Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT) and Membrane Interface Probe (MIP) measures the continuous profile of MSW properties with depth, including hydraulic pressure, temperature, hydraulic conductivity, electrical conductivity (EC), and concentration of selected volatile organic compounds and methane. In this study, we conducted a series of MIP with HPT tests to investigate the MSW characteristics of a landfill in Nebraska. The results of the test showed an increase in hydraulic pressure and temperature with depth. The EC profile showed a variety of different waste constituents and MIP results showed the methane trapped beneath the top cover. The results in terms of hydraulic properties, temperature and EC obtained from different sites can be used to estimate the waste age and help designing energy recovery systems.
Prediction of elastic stresses in porous materials using fully convolutional networks

Abstract Machine learning (ML) models enable exploration of vast structural space faster than the traditional methods, such as finite element method (FEM). This makes ML models suitable for stochastic fracture problems in brittle porous materials. In this work, fully convolutional networks (FCNs) were trained to predict stress and stress concentration factor distributions in two-dimensional isotropic elastic materials with uniform porosity. We show that even with downsampled data, FCN models predict the stress distributions for a given porous structure. FCN predicted stress concentration factors 10,000 times faster than the FEM simulations. The FCN-predicted stresses combined with fracture mechanics captured the effect of porosity on the strength of porous glass. Increasing variations in pore size increased the variations in fracture strength. Furthermore, the FCN model predicts the pore configurations with the lowest and highest stresses from a set of structures, enabling ML optimization of porous microstructures for increased reliability.
Analysis and Comparison of Turbulence Model Coefficient Uncertainty for Canonical Flow Problems

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present results of an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis study of commonly used turbulence models in Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes codes due to the epistemic uncertainty in closure coefficients for a set of turbulence model validation cases that represent the structure of several canonical flow problems. The study focuses on the analysis of a 2D Zero Pressure Gradient Flat Plate, a 2D NASA Wall Mounted Hump, and an Axisymmetric Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interaction, all of which are well documented on the NASA Langley Research Center Turbulence Modeling Resource website. The Spalart–Allmaras (SA), the Wilcox (2006) κ − ω (W2006), and the Menter Shear-Stress Transport (SST) turbulence models are considered in the stochastic analyses of these flow problems, and the FUN3D code was utilized as the flow solver. The uncertainty quantification approach involves stochastic expansions based on non-intrusive polynomial chaos to efficiently propagate the uncertainty. Sensitivity analysis is performed with Sobol indices to rank the relative contribution of each closure coefficient to the total uncertainty for several output flow quantities. The results generalize a set of closure coefficients which have been identified as contributing most to the uncertainty in various output quantities of interest for the set of canonical flow problems considered in this study. Mainly, the SA turbulence model is most sensitive to the uncertainties in the diffusion constant ( σ ), the log layer calibration constant ( κ ), and the turbulent destruction constant ( c w 2 ). The predictive capability of the W2006 model is most sensitive to the uncertainties in a dissipation rate constant ( σ w ), the shear stress limiter ( C l i m ), and a turbulence-kinetic energy constant ( β * ). Likewise, the SST turbulence model was found to be most sensitive to the diffusion constants ( σ w 1 and σ w 2 ), the log layer calibration constant ( κ ), and the shear stress limiter ( a 1 ).
Zirconium-catalyzed asymmetric Kabachnik-Fields reactions of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes.

An effective catalyst has been developed for the three-component reaction of aldehydes, anilines and phosphites in an asymmetric catalytic Kabachnik–Fields reaction to give α-aminophosphonates. A catalyst was sought that would give high asymmetric inductions for aromatic and, and more particularly, for aliphatic aldehydes since there has not previously been an effective catalyst developed for this class of aldehydes. The optimal catalyst is prepared from three equivalents of the 7,7′-di-t-butylVANOL ligand, one equivalent of N-methylimidazole and one equivalent of zirconium tetraisopropoxide. This catalyst was most efficient in the presence of 10 mol% benzoic acid. Optimal conditions for aryl aldehydes required the use of 3,5-diisopropyl-2-hydroxyaniline and gave the aryl α-aminophosphonates in up to 96% yield and 98% ee over 11 different aryl aldehydes. The best aniline for aliphatic aldehydes was found to be 3-t-butyl-2-hydroxyaniline and gave the corresponding phosphonates in up to 83% yield and 97% ee over 18 examples. The asymmetric inductions for aliphatic aldehydes were comparable with those for aromatic aldehydes with a mean induction of 90% ee for the former and 91% ee for the latter. The best method for the liberation of the free amine from the aniline substituted α-aminophosphonates involved oxidation with N-iodosuccinimide.
Axisymmetric Contact Between a Rigid Sphere and a Layered Plate

The problem of axisymmetric contact between a rigid sphere and a circular layered plate is solved by using the finite difference method. The shear stress distribution in the vicinity of contact deviates considerably from the plate theory solutions. Introduction of a low modulus layer on the contacting surface results in significant reduction in the interlaminar shear stress concentration.
Lung hydrolases modify the course of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in vivo (MPF3P.806)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb ) kills one person every 18 seconds. Upon M.tb deposition in the airways, bacilli are bathed in alveolar lining fluid (ALF). Our published data indicate that hydrolytic enzymes present in ALF modify the cell wall of M.tb with two outcomes: cell wall modifications and release of cell wall fragments into the milieu. These modifications resulted in an altered macrophage immune response in vitro . Here we used the low dose aerosol mouse model of M.tb infection to assess if ALF/hydrolase-derived modifications of M.tb alter the immune response to infection in vivo . Our current data indicate that ALF/hydrolase-derived modifications on the M.tb cell wall led to increased CD4 and CD8 T cell numbers and activation in the lung, and altered cytokine secretion (increased TNF, IL-12 and IFN-γ), important for control of M.tb infection. These results correlated with an improvement of the M.tb burden within the lung starting on day 21 of infection. Thus, our results support the concept of human ALF hydrolases being novel immune components that can influence the generation of immune responses during M.tb infection.
Identification of Flurazepam (Dalmane ® ) and a Primary Metabolite in Urine by Thin-Layer Chromatography

A relatively simple, routine method has been described for the qualitative identification of flurazepam and its primary metabolite 7-chloro-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in urine. We have described two extractions and several identification procedures by which flurazepam and its primary urinary metabolite can be identified by TLC.
UBV Photometry of Mars

A critical analysis of selected high-quality photometric observations of Mars indicates that: (1) The phase function is concave upward out to at least 40° phase. No sudden brightening occurs at opposition, but the curvature increases at small phase. (2) Large systematic differences (0.1–0.2 mag.) exist between different observers’ data. However, the small random scatter attributable to Mars (0.01–0.02 mag.) in the better series suggests that these differences represent systematic errors in data reduction, not variations in the planet’s brightness. (3) The disentangling of seasonal, diurnal, and phase effects leaves considerable ambiguity; more observations are needed, over a long time, with a stable instrumental system. However, even the present data are sufficient to expose substantial errors in published phase curves of Mars (and consequently, in interpretations based on them).
Instantaneous quadrature low coherence interferometry with 3 x 3 fiber optic couplers

We present an interferometer topology based on 3 x 3 fiber couplers that gives instantaneous access to the magnitude and phase of die interferometric signal. We demonstrate its performance in heterodyne and homodyne detection with a broadband light source.
Collective Farms in Transition in the Former German Democratic Republic

This paper applies the theory of social control—achieved through a combination of state control and institutional changes, and individuals' compliance and cooperation achieved with the aid of the central authority—to analyze collective farms restructuring in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). The control function of the state—or external stimuli—is reflected through government intervention and protectionism. Through power mechanisms, the government intervenes to reduce uncertainty regarding privatization, bargain with farmers, negotiate new legal forms and control economic resources. Farmers' behavior is not only regulated by external pressures and constraints. It is also regulated by farmers' internal demands and preferences. However, the impact of this control is never total.
A 5-HT2C agonist elicits hyperactivity and oral dyskinesia with hypophagia in rabbits

Abstract Serotonergic 5-HT2C and 5-HT1B receptors mediate inhibitory controls of eating. Questions have arisen about potential behavioral and neurological toxicity of drugs that stimulate the 2C site. We evaluated eating and other motor responses in male Dutch-belted rabbits after administration of m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP). Studies conducted in vitro and in vivo assessed the pharmacological specificity of the ingestive actions of this agent. mCPP (0.15–10 μmol/kg sc) reduced consumption of chow and 20% sucrose solution with equal potencies (ED50≅0.6 μmol/kg). In radioligand binding to rabbit cortex, mCPP displayed 15-fold higher affinity for 5-HT2C than for 5-HT1B receptors. The serotonin antagonist mesulergine (7000-fold selective for 5-HT2C) reversed the hypophagic action of mCPP, but the 5-HT1B/1D antagonist GR127,935 did not. GR127,935 (0.5 μmol/kg) did prevent hypophagia produced by the highly selective 5-HT1B/1D agonist GR46,611. Observational methods demonstrated that mCPP decreased the frequency of eating chow but increased other motor activities. When rabbits consumed sucrose, videoanalysis revealed that mCPP reduced total time licking and the duration of individual bouts, but not bout frequency or the actual rate of consumption. mCPP increased locomotor and other activities, and greatly increased vacuous oromotor stereotypies and tongue protrusions. Nonetheless, rabbits licked accurately at the spout for sucrose. When sucrose was infused intraorally through a cheek catheter, mCPP actually increased the peak amplitude and overall magnitude of jaw movements. We conclude that mCPP stimulates 5-HT2C receptors to reduce food intake in rabbits. This hypophagia involves disruption of appetitive components of eating and is accompanied by adverse motor actions. This profile raises questions about the use of the 5-HT2C receptor as a target for novel therapeutic agents for obesity.
Immune Adherence by the Fourth Component of Complement

An immune complex becomes reactive in immune adherence after the specific binding of the fourth component of complement (C4). Immune adherence produced by the fourth component of complement is indistinguishable from classical immune adherence in terms of all parameters tested, except that it is entirely independent of the participation of the second and third components of complement.
The Direct Conversion of Heat to Electricity Using Multiferroic Alloys

We demonstrate a new method for the direct conversion of heat to electricity using the recently discovered multiferroic alloy, Ni45Co5Mn40Sn101. This alloy undergoes a low hysteresis, reversible martensitic phase transformation from a nonmagnetic martensite phase to a strongly ferromagnetic austenite phase upon heating. When biased by a suitably placed permanent magnet, heating through the phase transformation causes a sudden increase of the magnetic moment to a large value. As a consequence of Faraday’s law of induction, this drives a current in a surrounding circuit. Theory predicts that under optimal conditions the performance compares favorably with the best thermoelectrics. Because of the low hysteresis of the alloy, a promising area of application of this concept appears to be energy conversion at small ΔT, suggesting a possible route to the conversion of the vast amounts of energy stored on earth at small temperature difference. We postulate other new methods for the direct conversion of heat to electricity suggested by the underlying theory.
On the use of ‘first spotless day’ as a predictor for sunspot minimum

Defining the ‘first spotless day’ of a sunspot cycle as the first day without spots relative to sunspot maximum during the decline of the solar cycle, one finds that the timing of that occurrence can be used as a predictor for the occurrence of solar minimum of the following cycle. For cycle 22, the first spotless day occurred in April 1994, based on the International sunspot number index, although other indices (Boulder and American) indicated the first spotless day to have occurred earlier (September 1993). For cycles 9–14, sunspot minimum followed the first spotless day by about 72 months, having a range of 62–82 months; for cycles 15–21, sunspot minimum followed the first spotless day by about 35 months, having a range of 27–40 months. Similarly, the timing of first spotless day relative to sunspot minimum and maximum for the same cycle reveals that it followed minimum (maximum) by about 69 (18) months during cycles 9–14 and by about 90 (44) months during cycles 15–21. Accepting April 1994 as the month of first spotless day occurrence for cycle 22, one finds that it occurred 91 months into the cycle and 57 months following sunspot maximum. Such values indicate that its behavior more closely matches that found for cycles 15–21 rather than for cycles 9–14. Therefore, one infers that sunspot minimum for cycle 23 will occur in about 2–3 years, or about April 1996 to April 1997. Accepting the earlier date of first spotless day occurrence indicates that sunspot minimum for cycle 23 could come several months earlier, perhaps late 1995.
Varicosity-associated antigens define neuropile subfields in the leech central nervous system

A panel of twelve monoclonal antibodies raised against homogenates of leech nerve cords and four polyclonal antisera raised against purified neurotransmitters were used to label varicosities immunocytologically in the central neuropile of leech segmental ganglia. These immunoreactive varicosities occur in distinct patterns, some of which have a simple geometry. Three antibodies label immunoreactive varicosities distributed in a single dorsoventrally-oriented plane, two label varicosities distributed in lateral hemi-neuropiles (leaving void a central cephalocaudal passageway), and five label varicosities distributed throughout the neuropile. Six antibodies tested label varicosities across leech species, and five of these varicosity populations are distributed in patterns conserved across leech species. Immunocytologically-defined neuropile subfields do not correspond with previously identified histological and ultrastructural features of leech segmental ganglia. Analysis of immunocytologically-defined subfields is extended to include identification of sets of neurons which appear to project into these subfields, and to include an intracellular characterization of one of these neuron sets.
Add Men, Don’t Stir Reproducing Traditional Gender Roles in Modern Wedding Showers

The bridal shower is a ritual that dates back to sixteenth-century Western Europe. Traditionally, the bridal shower was a gendered ritual, organized by women, for women. Evidence suggests that the gender barrier for showers may be disintegrating as “couples” or “coed” showers make their way into the prewedding routine. However, it is unclear whether the presence of men at wedding showers is indicative of gender convergence or if couples showers replicate traditional gender roles. It is necessary to look at men’s presence in showers empirically to understand the ways in which gender and traditional gender roles are either deconstructed or reconstructed in this ritual. I find that rather than indicating gender convergence, coed showers are markedly different from traditional bridal showers. In essence, the traditional bridal shower is transformed and masculinized so that it is an event men can participate in without stigmatization or threat to their “manliness.”
Energy Bands in Cubic Boron Nitride

Results of numerical calculations of the electronic band structure of cubic boron nitride are reported. The calculations have been carried out using the augmented‐plane‐wave method of Slater. A total of 20 points in the first Brillouin zone have been examined which, by symmetry, determine eigenvalues at 256 different points from which a density‐of‐states histogram and curve have been plotted. The general shape and configuration of the energy bands resemble those obtained in previous energy‐band calculations. It proved necessary to use the average potential between the spheres and the Madelung correction for ionicity as adjustable parameters in order to obtain a satisfactory band picture. The potential used is a modification of the carbon potential of Keown scaled according to a scheme introduced by Herman and Skillman.
SET/MYND Lysine Methyltransferases Regulate Gene Transcription and Protein Activity

The SET and MYND (SMYD) family of lysine methyltransferases is defined by a SET domain that is split into two segments by a MYND domain, followed by a cysteine-rich post-SET domain. While members of the SMYD family are important in the SET-mediated regulation of gene transcription, pathological consequences have also been associated with aberrant expression of SMYD proteins. The last decade has witnessed a rapid increase in the studies and corresponding understanding of these highly impactful enzymes. Herein, we review the current body of knowledge related to the SMYD family of lysine methyltransferases and their role in transcriptional regulation, epigenetics, and tumorigenesis.
Selecting and Implementing a Networked Print-Cost Recovery System

Abstract When library catalogs became computerized, most libraries, to improve efficiency, attached printers to the catalog terminals and offered free citation and call-number printing. With the advent and subsequent proliferation of online full-text resources, the demand for printing from public computers has increased tremendously. Many libraries cannot afford to subsidize free printing from public computers, and have looked for automated systems that can assist with recovering the cost of printouts. Libraries must face an ethical question as they consider whether recovering printing costs creates a barrier to free access of information. If the decision is made to recover costs, libraries have available to them a variety of print cost recovery systems. Cleveland State University Library has recently selected and installed a networked print cost recovery system in conjunction with the university's implementation of a new university ID card system. The paper outlines the selection and implementation proce...
ROMP-Derived Oligomeric Phosphates for Application in Facile Benzylation

The development of new ROMP-based oligomeric benzyl phosphates (OBPn) is reported for use as soluble, stable benzylating reagents. These oligomeric reagents are readily synthesized from commercially available materials and conveniently polymerized and purified in a one-pot process, affording bench-stable, pure white, free-flowing solids on multigram scale. Utilization in benzylation reactions with a variety of nucleophiles is reported.
Estimating expected sojourn times for a markov renewal process

We consider the estimation of the expected sojourn time in a Markov renewal process under the data condition that only the counts of the exits from the states are available for fixed intervals of time. For analytical and illustrative purposes we concentrate on the two-state process case. We present least squares and method of moments estimators and compare their statistical properties both analytically and empirically. We also present modified estimators with improved properties based upon an overlapping interval sampling strategy. The major results indicate that the least squares estimator is biased in general with the bias depending on the size of the sampling interval and the first two moments of the sojourn time distribution function. The bias becomes negligible as the size of the sampling interval increases. Analytical and empirical results indicate that the method of moments estimator is less sensitive to the size of the sampling interval and has slightly better mean squared error properties than th...
High-pressure cryogenic hydrogen storage system for a Mars sample return mission

One method to reduce the cost of space missions is to launch them on smaller, less expensive launch vehicles. This requires smaller and lighter spacecraft. For a Mars sample return mission concept under consideration, the method to achieve this is to use indigenous Martian carbon dioxide, combined with hydrogen brought from Earth, to generate oxygen and methane propellant for the return trip to Earth. This eliminates the need to bring propellant for the return trip all the way to Mars, resulting in a lighter spacecraft at Earth launch. It also requires a system that can store cryogenic hydrogen for the 6- to 8-month trip to Mars and arrive with a sufficient quantity to produce the oxygen and methane propellants while on the surface of Mars. An earlier paper examined the hydrogen storage problem with a system limited to a maximum tank pressure of 697 kPa (101 psia). This paper uses the results from a computer simulation program to examine the feasibility of allowing the pressure in the tanks to reach maximum pressures from 3.4 to 13.8 MPa (500 to 2000 psia).
Studies on the Metabolism and Mechanism of Action of Methyldopa

The metabolism and particularly the decarboxylation of methyldopa were studied in hospitalized patients with uncomplicated hypertension. Both unlabeled and radioactive drugs were employed in these studies. Absorption from the intestine, as indicated by plasma levels of the drug and recovery of radioactivity in urine, was shown to be incomplete. The drug disappeared from the plasma with a half-time of less than 2 hours. On the average, about half of the radioactivity administered orally as 2-C14-methyldopa could be recovered in the urine. That portion not excreted in the urine appeared in the feces. Urinary excretion of radioactivity was rapid and essentially complete within 24 hours. Confirming previous studies with dl-α-methyl-dopa, the major urinary excretory products of l-α-methyl-dopa (methyldopa, Aldomet) were found to be the drug itself and conjugates thereof. Small fractions appear as other metabolites, the most significant of which is the decarboxylated derivative, αmethyl-dopamine. The pharmacolo...
Quantifying CBF with arterial spin labeling

The basic principles of measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) using arterial spin labeling (ASL) are reviewed. The measurement is modeled by treating the ASL method as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) version of a microsphere study, rather than a diffusible tracer study. This approach, particularly when applied to pulsed ASL (PASL) experiments, clarifies that absolute calibration of CBF primarily depends on global properties of blood, rather than local tissue properties such as the water partition coefficient or relaxation time. However, transit delays from the tagging region to the image voxel are a potential problem in all standard ASL methods. The key to quantitative CBF measurements that compensate for this systematic error is to create a well-defined bolus of tagged blood and to ensure that all of the bolus has been delivered to an imaging voxel at the time of measurement. Two practical technical factors considered here are 1) producing a tagged bolus with a well-defined temporal width and 2) accounting for reduction in magnitude of the tagged magnetization due to relaxation. The ASL approach has the potential to provide a robust estimation of CBF, although the timing of water exchange into tissue and the effects of pulsatile flow require further investigation.
Developmental mechanics determine long bone allometry.

Abstract Evolutionary and developmental factors responsible for the scaling relationships observed in animal skeletons are poorly understood. We have created a mathematical model for long bone cross-sectional development which incorporates both intrinsic growth and extrinsic, adaptive bone modeling in response to changes in bone mechanical strains during ontogeny. The model successfully simulates the developing morphology in individual animals and the bone geometric allometric relationships among adults across many species (range from mouse to elephant in size). Our results suggest that long bone scaling characteristics are not a result of intrinsic genetic factors but are the result of highly conserved, extrinsic biophysical processes whereby bone tissue strains modulate skeletal morphogenesis.
Ambulation in a Wheelchair-Bound Stroke Survivor Using a Walker with Body Weight Support: A Case Report

Treadmill systems with body weight support (BWS) have been demonstrated to increase overground walking speed, endurance, and balance. However, their use is limited to physical therapy gyms. Training cannot be carried over to home without significant expense. We present the case of a 43-year-old white female with no past medical history who suffered significant neurological impairment as a result of a basilar artery aneurysm. The patient was issued a walker system with BWS that allowed her to function significantly better than before she received the walker system. Implications of using the walker system with BWS in the inpatient, outpatient, and home settings are discussed.
Phonons in cubic GaN/AlN semiconductor superlattices

Abstract Rigid-ion model calculations are reported for the lattice dynamics of cubic GaN, AlN, GaAlN and GaN/AlN superlattices. The short-range forces in the rigid-ion model are optimized by incorporating phonons at critical-points as an input and using the existing elastic constants as constraints on the values of the parameters. The long-range Coulomb forces are obtained exactly by using the Ewalds transformation method. For ultrathin superlattices, the dependence of phonons on wavevectors both parallel and perpendicular to the growth direction [001] are investigated. Theoretical results for the GaN/AlN superlattices are compared and discussed with the GaAs/AlAs system as well as with the model calculations of Grille and Bechstedt. Unlike GaAs/AlAs, the larger optical phonon values and partially changed confinement characteristics in GaN/AlN superlattices are believed to have significant affects on the relaxation properties of electrons in group III-nitride material systems.
Judging whether a patient is white or black by his Draw-A-Person Test.

Summary Attention was directed to the projection of racial characteristics in the Draw-A-Person Test (DAP). DAP protocols from 28 matched black and white adult male patients were presented to 34 untrained and 17 trained judges who were asked to identify race of patient from his DAP. Average correct identification ranged from 53.8% (black judging black, n. s.) to 62.9% (white judging white, t = 6.43, p < .01). White untrained judges were more accurate than black untrained judges (t = 2.43, p < .05). Black judges had more difficulty with black stimuli than with white stimuli, as did trained judges. The modest success achieved by both black and white judges adds minimal evidence to the body image hypothesis. Possible explanations are offered.
The use of Hestenes' method of multipliers to resolve dual gaps in engineering system optimization

For nonconvex problems, the saddle point equivalence of the Lagrangian approach need not hold. The nonexistence of a saddle point causes the generation of a dual gap at the solution point, and the Lagrangian approach then fails to give the solution to the original problem. Unfortunately, dual gaps are a fairly common phenomenon for engineering system design problems. Methods which are available to resolve the dual gaps destroy the separability of separable systems. The present work employs the method of multipliers by Hestenes to resolve the dual gaps of engineering system design problems; it then develops an algorithmic procedure which preserves the separability characteristics of the system. The theoretical foundations of the proposed algorithm are developed, and examples are provided to clarify the approach taken.
Effects of information processing demands on slow negative shift latencies and N100 amplitude in selective and divided attention

Abstract The influence of information processing demands on auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) in selective and divided attention was examined by varying the stimulation rate and target difficulty in a two-channel discrimination task. Subjects were required to detect targets in either one or both ears (channels) in a series of tones presented randomly to both ears. The amplitude of the N100 component (latency 80–140 msec) of the ERP to all stimuli in an attended channel was greater if attention was focused on that channel that if it was directed to the opposite channel. N100 amplitude was also reduced in divided attention compared to focused attention. In general, these effects were obtained only if the stimulation rate was high and/or targets were difficult to detect. However, these effects of attention modulated an under-lying slow negative shift (SNS) rather than N100 directly. The onset and peak latencies of the SNS were strongly dependent on the processing demands of the task. The results show that the temporal relationship of the SNS to the N100 component is the principal factor responsible for variations in the effects of attention on the ERP with changes in information processing demands. The relationship between these ERP components and resource allocation theories of attention is discussed.
Comprehensive study of effective current variability and MOSFET parameter correlations in 14nm multi-fin SOI FINFETs

A first time rigorous experimental study of effective current (Ieff) variability in high-volume manufacturable (HVM) 14nm Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) FINFETs is reported which identifies, threshold voltage (Vtlin), external resistance (Rext), and channel trans-conductance (Gm) as three independent sources of variation. The variability in Gm, Vtlin (AVT=1.4(n)/0.7(p) mV-μm), and Ieff exhibit a linear Pelgrom fit indicating local variations, along with non-zero intercept which suggests the presence of global variations at the wafer level. Relative contribution of Gm to Ieff variability is dominant in FINFETs with small number of fins (Nfin); however, both Gm and Rext variations dominate in large Nfin devices. Relative contribution of Vtlin remains almost independent of Nfin. Both n and p FINFETs show the above mentioned trends.
Evaluation of body sensor network platforms: a design space and benchmarking analysis

Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) consist of sensor nodes deployed on the human body for health monitoring. Each sensor node is implemented by interfacing a physiological sensor with a sensor platform consisting of components such as microcontroller, radio and memory. Diverse needs of BSN applications require customized platform development for optimizing performance. In this paper, we propose a two-phase framework to evaluate the performance of sensor platforms to match a BSN's computation, communication and sensing requirements: 1) Design Space Determination, wherein we investigate salient features of BSN platforms and quantify them as design coordinates through evaluation metrics such as SPSW (Samples Processed per Second per Watt) and EPC (Expected Power Consumption). To measure these metrics for a platform under typical BSN application workloads, we propose BSN-Bench, a benchmarking suite composed of basic tasks that occur in diverse BSN applications. BSNBench enables an accurate profiling of platforms based on the design coordinates; 2) Design Space Exploration, wherein we explore the design space to find the most suitable platform for a given application. We demonstrate the usage of our framework through a case study, where we consider two practical BSN applications and choose suitable platforms for them.
A Bi-level Formulation for the Combined Dynamic Equilibrium based Traffic Signal Control

Abstract This paper formulates the combined dynamic user equilibrium and signal control problem (DUESC) as a bi-level optimization problem. The signal control operator in the upper level optimizes the signal setting to minimize the system travel time whereas the road users in the lower level minimize their own costs (by changing departure times, paths or both) leading to dynamic user equilibrium behavior. Three components of the bi-level formulation are discussed including network loading model, the dynamic user equilibrium model and the signal control model. Then the combined problems are formulated as a Nash-Cournot game and a Stackelberg game. A solution technique based on the iterative optimization and assignment (IOA) method is proposed to solve the DUESC problem. We use the projection algorithm to solve the lower level and the mixed integer programming solver to solve the upper level. Extensive numerical results demonstrate the benefits of using this model.