cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurements of Time-Resolved Flapping Wing Vehicle Forces in Hover

Flapping wing aircraft have reached level three, “proof of concept”, on the NASA Technical Readiness Level (TRL) scale. Numerous research groups have developed manually controlled flapping wing prototypes, often as entries into competitions such as MAV-06. A team at the University of Arizona with help from researchers at Eglin Air Force Base built an ornithopter capable of waypoint navigation. DeLaurier, et al. built flyable prototype with simple flight dynamics simulation capable of forward flight, and more recently a hover-capable vehicle that used the “clap-fling” mechanism to improve efficiency. The Dickinson Lab at the California Institute of Technology developed free-flight dynamic simulation based on data collected from a tow-tank scaled model. These efforts represent important steps towards the goals of the DARPA MAV program and the airborne component of the Army’s Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology (MAST) program, namely small, autonomous vehicles that carry miniature sensors. The next logical step, according to the TRL scale, is to build a functional prototype. Reaching TRL-4 requires finding an answer to the following questions:
Current Concepts in the Management of the Patient with Status Asthmaticus

Bronchial asthma continues to be a significantly distressing and frequently fatal disorder. In the general population, it is estimated that there are three million asthmatics with a fatality rate of 4000 to 7000 deaths annually . 23 The natural history of this disease continues to be a problem at the basic biological level and to the clinician . Presentday concepts in management of status asthmaticus will be reviewed in this article .
Toward Formalization of Display Grammar for Interactive Media with Applications of Multimedia Information Extraction.

Display grammar is a coupling of semantic and signal processing information for interactive multimedia. We propose a computational formalization binding media resource data and authoring information, including contextual data and interactive processing algorithms. We hypothesize display grammar provides a domain for mapping a range of applications of MMIE and media resource retrieval. We demonstrate a manifold model of display grammar to support this hypothesis.
Modulation of Integrin Function in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells by CD43 Engagement: Possible Involvement of Protein Tyrosine Kinase and Phospholipase C-γ

Attachment of cells to extracellular matrix components is critical for the regulation of hematopoiesis. CD43 is a mucin-like transmembrane sialoglycoprotein expressed on the surface of almost all hematopoietic cells. A highly extended structure of extracellular mucin with negative charge may function as a repulsive barrier to hematopoietic cells. However, some investigators have shown that CD43 has proadhesive properties, and engagement of CD43 has been reported to upregulate integrin-mediated cell adhesion in T cells. We found that cross-linking of CD43 with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) enhanced integrin 4β1 (very late antigen [VLA]-4) and 5 β1 (VLA-5)-dependent adhesion of human cord blood CD34+ cells to fibronectin. CD34+ CD38hi, but not CD34+CD38−/low cells responded significantly to the stimulus, suggesting that committed, but not stem and more immature progenitors are sensitive to CD43-mediated activation of integrin. To elucidate the molecular mechanism leading to integrin activation, we used the growth factor-dependent cell line MO7e. Cross-linking of CD43 induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several intracellular molecules including the protein tyrosine kinase Syk, the proto-oncogene product Cbl, and phospholipase C (PLC)-γ2 in MO7e cells. Moreover, protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A and PLC inhibitor [U73122][1] both blocked CD43-induced enhancement of adhesion to fibronectin. These results indicate that signals mediated through CD43 may increase integrin affinity to fibronectin via a pathway dependent on protein tyrosine kinase and PLC-γ activation in hematopoietic progenitors. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GEN&access_num=U73122&atom=%2Fbloodjournal%2F93%2F10%2F3317.atom
SU-G-TeP3-01: A New Approach for Calculating Variable Relative Biological Effectiveness in IMPT Optimization

Purpose: To investigate the impact of a new approach for calculating relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) optimization on RBE-weighted dose distributions. This approach includes the nonlinear RBE for the high linear energy transfer (LET) region, which was revealed by recent experiments at our institution. In addition, this approach utilizes RBE data as a function of LET without using dose-averaged LET in calculating RBE values. Methods: We used a two-piece function for calculating RBE from LET. Within the Bragg peak, RBE is linearly correlated to LET. Beyond the Bragg peak, we use a nonlinear (quadratic) RBE function of LET based on our experimental. The IMPT optimization was devised to incorporate variable RBE by maximizing biological effect (based on the Linear Quadratic model) in tumor and minimizing biological effect in normal tissues. Three glioblastoma patients were retrospectively selected from our institution in this study. For each patient, three optimized IMPT plans were created based on three RBE resolutions, i.e., fixed RBE of 1.1 (RBE-1.1), variable RBE based on linear RBE and LET relationship (RBE-L), and variable RBE based on linear and quadratic relationship (RBE-LQ). The RBE weighted dose distributions of each optimized plan were evaluated in terms of different RBE values, i.e., RBE-1.1, RBE-L and RBE-LQ. Results: The RBE weighted doses recalculated from RBE-1.1 based optimized plans demonstrated an increasing pattern from using RBE-1.1, RBE-L to RBE-LQ consistently for all three patients. The variable RBE (RBE-L and RBE-LQ) weighted dose distributions recalculated from RBE-L and RBE-LQ based optimization were more homogenous within the targets and better spared in the critical structures than the ones recalculated from RBE-1.1 based optimization. Conclusion: We implemented a new approach for RBE calculation and optimization and demonstrated potential benefits of improving tumor coverage and normal sparing in IMPT planning.
The impact of NASA's small business innovation research program on invention and innovation

We empirically determine the impact of the NASA Small Business innovation Research (SBIR) Program on invention and innovation. The NASA SBIR program selects a portfolio of technology proposals, submitted by small businesses to an annual solicitation. Funding may be awarded in two tranches, a 6-month phase I award and a subsequent, 2-year phase II award. Over the last decade, the total annual awarded funding was about $100–140M with Phase I awards growing from $100–125K and phase II awards from $500–750K. Typically, about 15–20% of submitted Phase I proposals are awarded and only these awards are eligible to submit a phase II proposal. The success rate at phase II is about 40%. We looked at NASA SBIR data between 1999 and 2006 to determine the impact of receiving a phase II award on invention and innovation by using patent activity as a proxy. Data from all NASA Mission Directorates and over a range of years were considered and combined into a statistically significant collection. We examined the phase II proposed technologies and the subsequent patent history of the submitting companies in the five years after the award cycle. We find that phase II awarded companies had a significantly greater number of awarded and cited patents, over this time frame, than companies not awarded an SBIR phase II. Specifically, we find an overall increase in awarded patents of 39% for SBIR awarded companies versus non-awarded companies. This difference is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. We also examined subsets for these data to quantify the effects of company size and previous patent awards on these trends.
Abstract 3052: Defining the role of EMT in breast cancer dormancy and metastasisin vivo

Breast cancer patients can develop metastases from dormant tumor cells years after primary tumor resection and treatment. Despite the clinical significance of metastatic latency, the exact cellular and molecular events regulating tumor dormancy remains largely unknown due to challenges in detecting single dormant tumor cells in vivo and characterizing the dormant tumor microenvironment. A developmental program termed Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) has been shown to play an important role in tumor cell dissemination, tumor dormancy, and chemoresistance. During EMT, stationary epithelial cells lose their epithelial characteristics, including adherent junctions and apical-basal polarity, and acquire mesenchymal shape and properties. These cells gain the ability to migrate into the circulation, lodge into a distant organ, and form dormant tumor niches. We have previously shown that reversal of EMT is a key driving force in dormant tumor cell proliferation and macrometastasis formation in a skin carcinoma mouse model. Here, we present a novel metastatic breast cancer mouse model in which HER2-driven primary breast tumor cells are labelled with red fluorescent protein with inducible EMT transcription factor TWIST1. We established this mouse model by crossing the TetON-TWIST1 mice with the MMTV-rtTA mice to generate the MMTV-rtTA/TetON-TWIST1 double transgenic mice. To generate HER2-driven breast tumors in these mice, we administered concentrated lentivirus that expresses both the HER2 gene and the tdTomato fluorescent marker under one promoter via intraductal injection. This allows for rapid and synchronized development of primary tumors which recapitulate the formation of sporadic human breast cancer which arises in single cells in otherwise normally developed breast tissue. TWIST1 expression in the luminal layer of the mammary gland was then induced via oral doxycycline. Upon expression of TWIST1, Her2-driven breast tumor cells were found in circulation and in the lungs as micrometastases. We determined that disseminated breast tumor cells mostly remained in dormancy until TWIST expression was switched off by doxycycline withdrawal. We showed that tumor dormancy is partly due to the inability to reverse EMT and regain proliferative capacity. Lastly, using our mouse model to track disseminated breast cancer cells, we will characterize the associated dormant residing niche to further our understanding of tumor dormancy in connection with EMT and immune escape. Citation Format: Hae-Yun Jung, Kay T. Yeung, Tiffany Lee, Jeff H. Tsai, Jing Yang. Defining the role of EMT in breast cancer dormancy and metastasis in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3052. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3052
Planar Integrated Optical Waveguide Sensor for Isopropyl Alcohol in Aqueous Media

An attenuated total reflection (ATR) sensor for water-miscible organic solvents was constructed using a combination of sol-gel processing and integrated optical waveguide (IOW) technologies. The sensor consisted of single-mode, sol-gel based planar waveguide coated with a 40 nm thick, porous sol-gel indicator layer prepared from methyltriethoxysilane and doped with methyl red. The response of the senor to aqueous isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was investigated. Solvation of the indicator dye by IPA causes the absorbance spectrum to undergo a blue shift coupled with an increase in molar absorptivity. IPA was detected by measuring changes in ATR of the guided mode at 488 nm. A response curve extending from 1 to 100% (v/v) IPA in water was constructed for the sensor, from which a detection limit of 0.7% (v/v) IPA/water was estimated. Response and reversal times were typically less than one minute, making this sensor potentially attractive for on-line monitoring applications. The rapid response characteristics are attributable to relatively weak, reversible interactions between the indicator and analyte.
Phenotypic Variability in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Clinical Considerations

This chapter provides an overview of the topic of high and low functioning in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). High and low functioning are relative terms and typically defined by an IQ above or below 70, the cutoff used to define intellectual disability (ID). The distinction between high and low functioning is used by clinicians and researchers alike and rests on the premise that a better understanding of the heterogeneity in ASD will likely generate useful information for studying the etiology and treatment of the disorder. In the following pages, the topic is discussed in terms of prevalence, etiology, diagnostic and clinical features, and outcome. Changes in the conceptualization of ASD to include high-functioning individuals have significantly impacted the epidemiology of ASD. It is well known that ASD and ID often co-occur; what remains unclear is the strength and origin of the association between ASD and ID. Intelligence quotient (IQ) impacts a host of clinical variables such as core diagnostic features, as well as adaptive and problem behavior. Finally, there is a relationship between level of functioning and the natural course and response to treatment.
State budget shortfalls and budget balancing strategies during and after the great recession of 2008

This paper investigates how state governments used budget balancing strategies to cope with budget shortfalls in the fiscal years between 2009 and 2013. Using data from the Fiscal Survey reports and Comprehensive Annual Financial Statements (CAFRs) covering all fifty states, the paper summarizes and analyzes several types of strategies such as state savings, federal aid, revenue enhancement and expenditure cutting in response to budget shortfalls during and after the Great Recession of 2008. In addition, findings from the three case studies in New York, Texas and Washington show distinct patterns in these states’ choices of balancing strategies to cope with budget shortfalls. New York adopted a more balanced approach between revenue increasing and expenditure cutting strategies, whereas Washington and Texas implemented more severe expenditure cutting strategies to address budget shortfalls.
IN VITRO GROWTH OF CANINE AND MURINE GRANULOCYTE-MONOCYTE, FIBROBLAST AND LYMPHOCYTE COLONIES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the in vitro growth of canine and murine granulocyte–monocyte, fibroblast, and lymphocyte colonies. A study described in the chapter attempted to determine whether methylcellulose could be utilized for T-lymphocyte cloning in dogs and mice. The basic system used for lymphoid colony culture represents a modification of the technique described by Srendi et al. and Fibach et al. Lymphocytes are first incubated for 24 h in liquid phase TC 199 (mouse) or Waymouth's media (dog) containing 20% pooled dog serum and 10 μg PHA/106 lymphocytes. The cells then are washed 3–5 times, resuspended, and plated into 1.2% methylcellulose also containing 10 μg PHA/106 lymphocytes. The plates are incubated in a humidified, CO2-enriched environment, and colony formation is observed sequentially following staining of plates with new methylene blue. Techniques were applied for granulocytemonocyte and fibroblastic colony production. Lymphocyte colonies from dogs and mice formed in methylcellulose cultures containing the T-cell mitogen, PHA. However, examination immediately after plating disclosed the presence of lymphocyte clumps. Mechanical dispersion prevented clumping but did not allow for subsequent colony formation. It was concluded that methylcellulose culture systems can be used for cloning granulocyte–monocyte, fibroblastic, and lymphocyte populations.
Velocity Measuring Approaches for the Determination of Ballistic Limits of GLARE 5 Fiber-Metal Laminate Plates

In this study, 152.4 mm by 101.6 mm (6”×4”) GLARE 5 plates with various thicknesses were impacted by a 0.22 caliber bullet-shaped projectile using a high-speed gas gun. Velocities of the projectile along the ballistic trajectory were measured at different locations throughout the test using (1) a pair of laser-beam optoelectronic paths near the gun muzzle, (2) two sets of chronographs before and after the specimen, and (3) a high speed camera for recording the trajectory history of the projectile. The high speed camera yielded the most reliable way of measuring the projectile speed and could record the projectile orientation before and after the impact. It was experimentally detected that the measured speed of the projectile at the muzzle of the barrel was less than the actual impact speed of the projectile. The phenomenon can be explained by the well-known intermediate ballistics. The incident projectile impact velocity versus the residual velocity was plotted and numerically fitted according to the classical Lambert–Jonas equation for the determination of ballistic limit velocity, V50. The results showed that V50 varied in a parabolic trend with respect to the metal volume fraction (MVF) and the specimen’s thickness.
Costa Rica and Guatemala

Abstract The highest areas in Guatemala and Costa Rica were glaciated to altitudes as low as ca. 3100 m during the late Quaternary. On the high plateau of the Sierra Cuchumatanes, moraine limits define the Mayan Ice Cap and valley glaciers that define late Quaternary equilibrium line altitudes of 3470-3670 meters.
Physician-Induced Demand

This article reviews the evidence on physician-induced demand from health economics. The focus of the review is on empirical studies of induced demand, but results are put in context using the related theoretical literature. Relevant evidence from other literatures is also discussed. Finally, implications of findings for policy and directions for future research are explored.
A Comprehensive Return-to-Play Analysis of National Basketball Association Players With Operative Patellar Tendon Tears.

Background:Patellar tendon tears impart potentially debilitating sequelae among professional basketball athletes.Hypothesis:Professional basketball athletes with patellar tendon tears have decrease...
Paclitaxel administration and its effects on clinically relevant human cancer and non cancer cell lines

Comparisons of the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of the anticancer agent paclitaxel on growth, viability, and apoptosis were determined using in vitro human cell cultures. Growth of the cervical cancer cell line, HeLa-S3, was significantly reduced, and apoptotic index was significantly increased, after 24 h in cultures treated with 12 nM paclitaxel. In contrast, hepatic carcinoma (HEpG2) cells capable of detoxifying paclitaxel were only affected at paclitaxel concentrations ge120 nM. The previously uncharacterized non-cancerous human microvessel endothelial cell line HMEC-1, was more sensitive to paclitaxel treatment than both HeLa-S3 and HEpG2 cells, demonstrating decreased growth and increased apoptosis with 1.2 nM paclitaxel. These results are significant in the design of in vitro cell culture systems to study drug metabolism and toxicity.
Intangible Asset Creation/Enhanced Economic Returns: The Compact as a Citizenship Activity in Spain

In this paper, we examine corporate citizenship by reporting the motivations for joining a global voluntary CSR initiative and the benefits achieved as a result of participating in the initiative. ...
Connections and Anchoring to Concrete

Structures require members to be connected and loads to be transferred. These loads can be simple bearing, cast-in-place continuous joints, or mechanical attachments. Three tools assist in connection design: shear friction, anchorage to concrete, and strut-and-tie methods. Each tool has its benefits. Shear friction is simple, straightforward, and beneficial for loads causing potential failure in a known plane through the concrete. Shear friction applications include column brackets, wall corbels, and horizontal shear in composite members. Anchorage to concrete addresses the resistance that may be obtained if short steel elements are embedded in the concrete. The strut-and-tie method addresses complex load paths and the response of structures where the internal stresses do not follow the assumption of plane sections remaining plane. Shear friction and anchorage to concrete are presented in Subheadings 15.2 and 15.3, and strut-and-tie methods are presented in Chap. 14.
Endothelial Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. Cerebrovascular dysfunction is one of the earliest events in the pathogenesis of AD, as well as in vascular and mixed dementias. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), the deposition of amyloid around cerebral vessels, is observed in up to 90% of AD patients and in approximately 50% of elderly individuals over 80 years of age. CAA is a strong contributor to vascular dysfunction in AD. CAA-laden brain vessels are characterized by dysfunctional hemodynamics and leaky blood-brain barrier (BBB), contributing to clearance failure and further accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the cerebrovasculature and brain parenchyma. Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an important early initiator of the pathogenesis of AD and CAA. The objective of this review is to discuss the effects of Aβ on cerebral microvascular cell function, focusing on its impact on endothelial mitochondria. After introducing CAA and its etiology and genetic risk factors, we describe the pathological relationship between cerebrovascular amyloidosis and brain microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction, critically analyzing its roles in disease progression, hypoperfusion, and BBB integrity. Then, we focus on discussing the effect of Aβ challenge on endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction pathways, and their contribution to the progression of neurovascular dysfunction in AD and dementia. Finally, we report potential pharmacological and non-pharmacological mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies which may help prevent or delay cerebrovascular failure.
Targeted Dual Intervention-Oriented Drug-Encapsulated (DIODE) Nanoformulations for Improved Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

Despite recent advancements, effective treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has remained elusive. The overall survival rate in PDAC patients has been dismally low due to resistance to standard therapies. In fact, the failure of monotherapies to provide long-term survival benefits in patients led to ascension of several combination therapies for PDAC treatment. However, these combination therapies provided modest survival improvements while increasing treatment-related adverse side effects. Hence, recent developments in drug delivery methods hold the potential for enhancing therapeutic benefits by offering cocktail drug loading and minimizing chemotherapy-associated side effects. Nanoformulations-aided deliveries of anticancer agents have been a success in recent years. Yet, improving the tumor-targeted delivery of drugs to PDAC remains a major hurdle. In the present paper, we developed several new tumor-targeted dual intervention-oriented drug-encapsulated (DIODE) liposomes. We successfully formulated liposomes loaded with gemcitabine (G), paclitaxel (P), erlotinib (E), XL-184 (c-Met inhibitor, X), and their combinations (GP, GE, and GX) and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo efficacies. Our novel DIODE liposomal formulations improved median survival in comparison with gemcitabine-loaded liposomes or vehicle. Our findings are suggestive of the importance of the targeted delivery for combination therapies in improving pancreatic cancer treatment.
Obsidian on the Periphery: Importation, Production, and Raw Material Husbandry in Oaxaca

This study uses data collected during three seasons of survey and excavation to examine evidence for the importation of obsidian and the production of tools, particularly blades, in the periphery o...
Abstract 17285: Metabolite-Derived Network Reveals Cluster of Acylcholine Metabolites Associated With Better Diet Quality and Lower Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study

Introduction: Puerto Rican (PR) adults living on the US mainland are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dietary factors may contribute to this increased risk. Network analysis i...
Network Analysis in Public Health: History, Methods, and Applications

Network analysis is an approach to research that is uniquely suited to describing, exploring, and understanding structural and relational aspects of health. It is both a methodological tool and a theoretical paradigm that allows us to pose and answer important ecological questions in public health. In this review we trace the history of network analysis, provide a methodological overview of network techniques, and discuss where and how network analysis has been used in public health. We show how network analysis has its roots in mathematics, statistics, sociology, anthropology, psychology, biology, physics, and computer science. In public health, network analysis has been used to study primarily disease transmission, especially for HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases; information transmission, particularly for diffusion of innovations; the role of social support and social capital; the influence of personal and social networks on health behavior; and the interorganizational structure of health systems. We conclude with future directions for network analysis in public health.
Multivariable Branching: A 0-1 Knapsack Problem Case Study

We explore the benefits of multivariable branching schemes for linear-programming-based branch-and-bound algorithms for the 0-1 knapsack problem—that is, the benefits of branching on sets of variab...
You Can't Sit With Us: Exclusionary Pedagogy in AI Ethics Education

Given a growing concern about the lack of ethical consideration in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field, many have begun to question how dominant approaches to the disciplinary education of computer science (CS)---and its implications for AI---has led to the current "ethics crisis". However, we claim that the current AI ethics education space relies on a form of "exclusionary pedagogy," where ethics is distilled for computational approaches, but there is no deeper epistemological engagement with other ways of knowing that would benefit ethical thinking or an acknowledgement of the limitations of uni-vocal computational thinking. This results in indifference, devaluation, and a lack of mutual support between CS and humanistic social science (HSS), elevating the myth of technologists as "ethical unicorns" that can do it all, though their disciplinary tools are ultimately limited. Through an analysis of computer science education literature and a review of college-level course syllabi in AI ethics, we discuss the limitations of the epistemological assumptions and hierarchies of knowledge which dictate current attempts at including ethics education in CS training and explore evidence for the practical mechanisms through which this exclusion occurs. We then propose a shift towards a substantively collaborative, holistic, and ethically generative pedagogy in AI education.
Profile of a short-acting κ-antagonist, LY2795050, on self-grooming behaviors, forced swim test and locomotor activity: sex comparison in mice.

Background:Novel short-acting κ(kappa)-opioid receptor selective antagonists are translational tools to examine the impact of the κ-receptor/dynorphin system in assays related to central nervous sy...
Online Adaptive Learning in Energy Trading Stackelberg Games with Time-Coupling Constraints

An energy trading mechanism is proposed between a selfish energy broker (aggregator) and her selfish energy customers (prosumers). The proposed design is a Stackelberg game where the aggregator trades energy bidirectionally between the prosumers and the wholesale electricity market for profit. For the purpose of satisfying the prosumers' desired energy consumption, time-coupling constraints are introduced. The described game does not admit closed form equilibrium strategies and therefore an online adaptive learning algorithm is proposed to mitigate this challenge. The latter is scalable with the number of prosumers and does not require explicit knowledge of the prosumers' decision-making mechanisms. Experimental results that utilize real-world data from the California market are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Investigating at-scale MagLIF preheat on the NIF *

Recent MagLIF experiments at the NIF have measured the energy coupling and propagation of a ~35 kJ laser pulse in 1 cm-long gas pipe targets with hydrocarbon gas fills and pre- imposed magnetic fields <25 T. The experiments explore the effects of gas density (n e = 0.12-0.16 n c ) and magnetic field strength (0-25 T) over the relevant design space. Temporally gated, spatially resolved x-ray imagers record the profile of the heated plasma throughout the laser propagation, showing evidence for modified electron transport when the magnetic field is applied. The time required for the laser to completely burn through the target is temporally resolved with an x-ray streak camera, and laser backscatter is measured during the entire interaction, allowing for accurate assessments of minimum energy coupling to the target. These emission profiles and burnthrough times are well reproduced in 2D Hydra simulations at electron densities of 12% critical and B=0, though there are discrepancies at higher density (16% critical) and with the magnetic field. Variation of the flux limiter choice alone is insufficient to bring the model into agreement with the data, so 3D simulations including additional MHD physics processes are now underway to better reproduce the measurements. The results show up to 30 kJ energy coupled into the gas which simulations suggest is close to optimal for MagLIF designs at 47 MA drive currents [1] .
Looking inside of the Utah COVID-19 digital collection as a community archive

Abstract Using the Utah COVID-19 Digital Collection as a case study, this study investigates the nature of the materials collected in a community archive during COVID-19, examining their unique contributions to building public history. The authors collected and analyzed metadata from 812 collection items created between March and June of 2020. Findings show that the local community's active voluntary participation was noteworthy. The local community submitted more than half of all collected materials. Even when submissions from the campus community decreased during summer break, the local community's submissions remained steady, helping to broaden the collection's geographical and topical coverage. The authors conclude by offering their recommendations for COVID-19 community archiving projects and future research directions.
Do Teleworkers Possess Higher Levels of Public Service Motivation

A survey conducted on U.S. federal government employees was analyzed, and the results indicate that federal workers who telecommuted frequently (i.e., those teleworking 4 to 5 days a week) reported higher levels of PSM than federal workers who did not telecommute frequently. The results also revealed that frequent teleworkers reported higher levels of PSM than employees teleworking less than 1 day a week and employees teleworking 1 day a week. However, frequent teleworkers were not found to report higher levels of PSM than employees teleworking 2 to 3 days a week.
Effects of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers on the Vasoactivity of the Spinotrapezius Muscle of the Rat

EFFECTS OF HEMOGLOBIN-BASED OXYGEN CARRIERS ON VASOACTIVITY IN THE SPINOTRAPEZIUS MUSCLE OF THE RAT By Pete Dennis Meliagros A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2008 Advisor: Roland N. Pittman, Ph.D. Department of Physiology and Biophysics Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) offer a safe, more plentiful and long term alternate to blood banks. However, they have been found to increase blood pressure which can be attributed to an increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR). Lumenal nitric oxide (NO) scavenging by these HBOCs seems to be responsible for this hypertensive effect. In addition, it is believed that hemoglobin (Hb) tetramers and dimers may extravasate and consume additional nitric oxide in the perivascular and interstitial space. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the role of NO scavenging and to confirm extravasation as a contributor to HBOC vasopressor effects in the spinotrapezius muscle. The present study investigated the vessel reactivity and mean arterial pressure response to three HBOCs: HBOC 201, HBOC 205 MW 400, and HBOC 205 MW 600. These varied in molecular weight (MW) and percentage of tetramers and dimers. It was found that larger polymers of HBOC showed no significant decrease in vasoactivity. Although larger polymers are less likely to extravasate, the remaining tetramers and dimers seem sufficient to contribute to the observed vasoactivity. Using NaNO2, a NO donor, in conjunction with the HBOCs almost completely abolished this
Surface Tension Triggered Wetting and Point of Care Sensor Design.

The wetting of a solid surface by a liquid is a common but intriguingly complex phenomenon.[1–3] The surface chemistry and topology as well as the pH, ionic strength, and additives in the liquid can affect the degree to which a surface is wetted - with minute changes often having significant effects. In fact, the wetting of materials with high surface roughness is especially sensitive to the surface tension of liquids with which they are in contact.[4,5] With the knowledge that changes in the surface tensions of biological fluids are indicators of medical conditions,[6–8] we hypothesize that a sensor could be designed that switches between wetted and non-wetted states with liquids of a specific surface tension. Specifically, we report a sensor based on a two-layer electrospun polymer mesh composed of a top responsive layer that responds to small changes in liquid surface tension to form a wetted or non-wetted material, and the bottom hydrophilic indicator layer that reveals a color change when wetted to aid visualization, as shown in Figure 1. Electrospun meshes of varying fiber diameters, pore sizes, and polymer compositions were fabricated to alter the surface free energy. If the solid-air and solid-liquid interfacial surface tensions are similar, a small change in liquid surface tension can cause a transition from a high apparent contact angle, heterogeneously wetted state (Cassie-Baxter state) to complete, homogenous wetting (Wenzel state),[4,5] which is the basis for the sensitivity of our system. Changes in both the liquid-air and liquid-solid interfacial tensions contribute to this effect, and both are lowered as surfactant levels increase. As prototypical examples, two sensors are prepared and evaluated to detect surface tension changes in human breast milk fat (45–48 mN/m) and urinary bile acid levels (50–54 mN/m), of interest for ensuring adequate nutrition to infants and for detecting chronic liver disease, respectively.
Phase coexistence between the (√3 × √3)R30° – β and (1 × 1) phases on Pb/Ge(1 1 1)

Abstract We have characterized the phase transition between the (1 × 1) and ( √ 3 × √ 3)R30 ° – β phases on Pb/Ge(1 1 1) using low energy electron microscopy (LEEM). We show that the transition is first-order and that, in the coexistence region of the two phases, the dominant mechanism for phase separation changes critically with Pb coverage, from nucleation and growth at 1.33 ML (saturation coverage of the β phase) to spontaneous domain switching due to thermal fluctuations of the local Pb density for slightly smaller coverage. As the Pb coverage decreases, the concentration of vacancies in the β phase increases, making additional possible Pb adsorption sites available. The larger resulting local density fluctuation of Pb becomes comparable to the density difference of the two phases, manifesting itself in the observed domain switching.
Vulnerability of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet to iceberg calving during late Quaternary rapid climate change events

[1] We present the first high-resolution record of iceberg calving on the continental slope of Vancouver Island, British Columbia (MD02-2496, 48°58N, 127°02W, 1243 m water depth), through the last glacial from the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS). These previously unknown ice-rafted debris (IRD) events representing significant retreat of the western margin of the CIS out of marine waters show little correspondence with local climate change. High-resolution radiocarbon dating indicates that the younger IRD events coincide with global radiocarbon age plateaus that allow direct correlation with distal climate records where the same plateaus have been identified. The coincidence of episodic shedding of IRD from the CIS with North Atlantic climate events (i.e., North Atlantic Deep Water shutdown, and Heinrich events) begs the question: What drove CIS destabilization? Forcing appears to be external to CIS dynamics perhaps resulting from either eustatic sea level rise or episodes of atmospheric warming over the North American continent.
Results from the Hawaii domestic violence fatality review, 2000-2009.

BACKGROUND: Patterns of domestic violence fatalities and agency responses in Hawaii have not been explicated. METHODS: Retrospective reviews of events leading up to domestic violence related fatalities in Hawaii were assessed from 45 adjudicated cases that resulted in 62 fatalities for the ten year period from 2000-2009. RESULTS: Almost one-half of the fatalities were homicide/suicide combinations. Females were disproportionately more likely to be fatal victims of domestic violence relative to their proportion in the population. Those aged 21-40 years and those over 80 years were more likely to be fatal victims of domestic violence, relative to their proportion in the population. Filipinas and ‘Other” ethnic groups are disproportionately more likely to be fatal victims of domestic violence while Native Hawaiians and Japanese are less likely to be fatal victims, relative to their proportions in the population. In more than two-thirds of the cases, the victim had made some attempt to leave the relationship prior to the fatality. CONCLUSIONS: In the majority of cases there was agency involvement in some form: either the victim alone or the perpetrator alone, or both. However, less than one-third (31.1%) of the cases over the past ten years had documentation of prior violence from medical reports, so this may be an area to further document and address domestic violence. © 2013 KUMS, All rights reserved
Nonmanipulable randomized tournament selections

Tournament solution concepts, selecting winners based on a pairwise dominance relation are an important structure often used in sports, as well as elections, and argumentation theory. Manipulation of such choice rules by coalitions of agents are a significant problem in most common rules. We deal with the problem of the manipulation of randomized choice rules by coalitions varying from a single agent, to two or more agents. We define two notions of coalitional manipulations of such choice rules based on whether or not utility is transferable. We show useful choice rules satisfying both notions of non-manipulability, and for the transferable utility case provide bounds on the level of Condorcet consistency.
Prisoners, pups, and PTSD: the grass roots response to veterans with PTSD

As the human–animal bond is increasingly recognized as therapeutic, the role of animals, most frequently canines, grows. A contemporary pairing of animals and humans can be found inside prisons. While the dogs trained by inmates are most frequently adopted out to the community, today dogs are being trained to assist veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as part of a grass roots effort to fulfill the mental health needs of veterans. The growing number of veterans with PTSD and concomitant issues including addiction, unemployment, homelessness, and crime, makes the mental healthcare issues of veterans a social problem. The civilian-led effort to provide veterans with dogs is a continuation of the public’s involvement with the proliferation of prison-based animal programs. While this next generation of animal programs has overwhelming community support, it also suffers from similar limitations as its predecessors. With no universal agreement as to the training methods or level of skills needed ...
Prospective trial of a blood supply-based technique of pancreaticojejunostomy: effect on anastomotic failure in the Whipple procedure.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Anastomotic failure at the pancreaticojejunostomy after a Whipple procedure, manifested either as a pancreatic fistula or intraabdominal abscess, is still an unacceptably common postoperative complication. STUDY DESIGN: A prospectively collected series of 123 patients underwent a Whipple procedure. During the pancreaticojejunostomy, the blood supply at the cut surface of the pancreas was evaluated, and if deemed inadequate, the pancreas was cut back 1.5 to 2.0 cm to improve the blood supply. The anastomosis was performed under magnification with meticulous technique. RESULTS: There were 123 Whipple procedures performed. In 47 (38%), the blood supply was considered inadequate and the pancreas was cut back. Postoperatively, there were 2 pancreatic fistulas (1.6%) and 2 intraabdominal abscesses (1.6%). There was 1 (0.8%) postoperative death from aspiration pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic fistula, the most serious complication of the Whipple procedure, can be almost entirely eliminated by a technique that combines meticulous attention to placement and tying of sutures under magnification with optimization of blood supply to the anastomosis.
A method for the discrimination between signal and random noise of electrobiological potentials.

Abstract A method is described which permits the discrimination between a random noise voltage and a systematic, pattern-like (but not necessarily periodic) repeating voltage by plotting the amplitude-time characteristic of the voltage to be investigated. This plotting is done automatically, with the help of two cathode ray tubes and a photoelectric cell with vacuum tube voltmeter. The amplitude-time characteristic is a Gaussian probability curve for random noise; any deviation from this curve can be characterized as a signal.
Macrophage activation for tumor cytotoxicity: Induction of tumoricidal macrophages by PPD in BCG-immune mice

Abstract After intraperitoneal injection of purified protein derivative of tubercle bacillus (PPD) into mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis , strain bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), peritoneal exudate macrophages were cytotoxic to tumor cells in vitro . Peritoneal macrophages from BCG-immune mice not injected with antigen or from control mice injected with PPD were not cytotoxic. Tumoricidal macrophages were evident by 9 hr after a single injection of PPD into immune mice and persisted for 3 days; peritoneal cells were not cytotoxic on Day 4. A second injection of PPD on Day 2 prolonged the presence of cytotoxic macrophages for more than 6 days. PPD induction of tumoricidal macrophages was evident by 10 days after BCG immunization and in control mice after adoptive transfer of BCG-immune spleen cells. Intraperitoneal inoculation of PPD into immune mice was followed by the appearance of cytotoxic peroxidase-positive mononuclear phagocytes in the peritoneal exudate. Peroxidase-positive cells induced by peritoneal irritants were not cytotoxic. T-cell mitogens, phytohemagglutinin, and concanavalin A, as well as specific antigen, induced tumoricidal macrophages in vivo . Mitogen activation was more efficient in BCG-immune mice than in controls.
Post-9/11 International Artist Exchanges Between the United States and the Middle East

Since 9/11, the U.S. government has gradually increased its budget for cultural exchange to improve its estranged relationship with Middle Eastern 1 countries. However, U.S. private foundations have been reluctant to sponsor international artist exchanges with the region. This article describes the funding trends of both public and private sources; explains the consequences and coping strategies of U.S. arts presenters through a case study of the Kennedy Center's 2009 Arabesque Festival; and examines the effects of the new laws and regulations created after the terrorist attacks that seem to be influencing the activities of private funders.
A Concept of Organizational Ecology

This paper introduces a concept of organizational ecology. This refers to the organizational field created by a number of organizations, whose interrelations compose a system at the level of the field as a whole. The overall field becomes the object of inquiry, not the single organization as related to its organization-set. The emergence of organizational ecology from earlier organization theory is traced and illustrated from empirical studies. Its relevance to the task of institution-building, in a world in which the environment has become exceedingly complex and more interdependent, is argued.
Abdominal pain after air travel.

Body packing is the act of smuggling drugs, usually across international borders, by way of internal concealment. The most common drugs smuggled are cocaine and heroin; they are usually packaged into improvised C-battery sized wrapped containers. The containers are usually swallowed but may be inserted rectally or vaginally. Body packers (drug mules) can present to the emergency delartment without symptoms or with acute severe drug intoxication if the retained packets have leaked or ruptured. Language: en
Elective repeat cesarean delivery versus trial of labor: a meta-analysis of the literature from 1989 to 1999.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compare a trial of labor with elective repeat cesarean delivery among women with previous cesarean delivery. Study Design: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from 1989 through 1999 with the following terms: vaginal birth after cesarean delivery, trial of labor, trial of scar, and uterine rupture. We included all controlled trials from developed countries in which the control group had been eligible for a trial of labor. Outcomes of interest were uterine rupture, hysterectomy, maternal febrile morbidity, maternal mortality, 5-minute Apgar score Results: The search strategy identified 52 controlled studies, 37 of which were excluded because many of the control subjects were not eligible for a trial of labor. Fifteen studies with a total of 47,682 women were included. Uterine rupture occurred more frequently among women undergoing a trial of labor than among those undergoing elective repeat cesarean delivery (odds ratio, 2.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-3.05). There was no difference in maternal mortality risk between the 2 groups (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-6.38). Fetal or neonatal death (odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-2.28) and 5-minute Apgar scores Conclusion: A trial of labor may result in small increases in the uterine rupture rate and in fetal and neonatal mortality rates with respect to elective repeat cesarean delivery. Maternal morbidity, including febrile morbidity, and the need for transfusion or hysterectomy may be reduced with a trial of labor. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:1187-97.)
Testing for Unit Roots in a Nearly Nonstationary Spatial Autoregressive Process

The limiting distribution of the normalized periodogram ordinate is used to test for unit roots in the first-order autoregressive model Ζst=α Ζs-1,t+βΖs,t-1-αβ Ζs-1,t-1+ɛst. Moreover, for the sequence α n = e c/n , β n = e d/n of local Pitman-type alternatives, the limiting distribution of the normalized periodogram ordinate is shown to be a linear combination of two independent chi-square random variables whose coefficients depend on c and d. This result is used to tabulate the asymptotic power of a test for various values of c and d. A comparison is made between the periodogram test and a spatial domain test.