cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis E seroprevalence in the United States: Results for immunoglobulins IGG and IGM.

Background Previous research identified a decline in hepatitis E virus (HEV) seroprevalence in US in 1988-1994 and 2009-2010. We investigated most recent HEV epidemiology. Method Using a nationally representative sample (7656 persons in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES] 2013-2014 and 7124 persons in NHANES 2015-2016), we compared the weighted seroprevalence of HEV (immunoglobulin G [IgG]/immunoglobulin M [IgM]) among people from the US (aged ≧ 6 years) between these two time periods. Sampling-weighted multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with HEV seropositivity. Results The median participant age was 37 years (interquartile range = 17-58 years); 51.17% of them were female. Among US-born individuals, HEV seropositivity (IgG/IgM) increased from 4.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.5%-5.5%) in 2013-2014 to 8.1% (95%CI = 6.5%-9.7%) in 2015-2016. Recent HEV infection (IgM) has nearly doubled in all US-born people. For participants born in and outside of the US, the overall weighted HEV (IgG/IgM) seropositivity increased from 5% (95%CI = 3.9%-6.1%) during 2013-2014 to 7.7% (95%CI = 7.2%-10.5%) during 2015-2016. In "non-Hispanic Asian" females, HEV seropositivity (IgG/IgM) rose from 8.4% (95%CI = 5.6%-11.1%) during 2013-2014 to 20.7% (95%CI = 15.8%-25.7%) during 2015-2016. In "non-Hispanic Asian" males, HEV seropositivity (IgG/IgM) increased from 9.3% (95%CI = 6.9%-11.8%) during 2013-2014 to 16.8% (95%CI = 12.5%-21.2%) during 2015-2016. HEV (IgG/IgM) seropositivity was significantly associated with "non-Hispanic Asian" ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69; CI = 1.12-2.56), female (OR = 1.2, CI = 1.06-1.38), and age (OR = 1.058, CI = 1.05-1.06). No clear etiologic agent was found. Conclusion The combined and strata-specific HEV weighted seroprevalence increased from 2013-2014 to 2015-2016. Although prior studies had found increasing age as the only significant factor associated with HEV, the attribute of "non-Hispanic Asian" had a stronger association with HEV seropositivity than the age factor alone.
Experimental extreme high-squint SAR target imaging

An experimental study of extreme high-squint (i.e. forward-looking) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is presented. Experimental data collected against a distributed complex target are successfully focused using the backprojection algorithm. Interferometric SAR processing is then performed in order to overcome left-right ambiguity and estimate constituent scatterer Cartesian coordinates.
Congenital Heart Disease In Neurofibromatosis-1 (P2.225)

OBJECTIVE: to assess the frequency of congenital heart disease in children with n.f.-1. BACKGROUND: the risk of chd in n.f.-1 is unknown.smaller studies have suggested an increased risk..we evaluated a larger cohort to assess the incidence. DESIGN/METHODS: a retrospective chart review of children<age 21 2009-2013 with n.f.-1. data included echocardogram results.. RESULTS: 132 patients were identified.15(11.4[percnt]) had heart defects.aortic co-arctation(4/15),mitral valve prolapse(4/15), pulmonary stenosis(4/15),atrial septal defect(3/15).some were noted prior to our n.f. study protocol. CONCLUSIONS: there is a correlation between n.f.-1 and congenital heart disease.the incidence was 10 times higher than found in the general population.cardiac screening should be considered foe children with n.f.-1 Study Supported by: weller research fund Disclosure: Dr. Rothner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moodley has nothing to disclose. Dr. mientkiewicz has nothing to disclose. Dr. erenberg has nothing to disclose.
Personality profiles of patients with alcohol use disorder and opioid use disorder in an inpatient treatment setting.

Abstract The present study aimed to compare personality profiles of alcohol use disorder and opioid use disorder patients in an inpatient chemical dependency rehabilitation unit using a multidimensional personality inventory, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Ninety-six patients meeting DSM-IV-TR diagnoses for alcohol use or opioid use disorders completed the PAI at admission. Results revealed largely normative patterns across most PAI scales, though alcohol use disorder patients showed clinically elevated scores on Alcohol Problems and Drug Problems, and opioid use disorder patients showed clinical elevations on Antisocial Features, Borderline Features, and Drug Problems. Opioid use disorder patients showed, on average, significantly higher scores than alcohol use disorder patients on Borderline Features, Antisocial Features, Drug Problems, and Suicidal Ideation. Alcohol use disorder patients showed significantly higher scores than opioid use disorder patients only on Alcohol Problems. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) showed discriminability between patient groups using the PAI clinical scales and treatment scales, highlighting higher levels of disturbed functioning among opioid use disorder patients with respect to clinical syndromes, especially borderline features, antisocial features, suicidal ideation, and anxiety. These findings underscore the need to tailor treatment recommendations to distinctive patterns of personality pathology, especially among opioid use disorder patients.
Case 3: Poor Weight Gain and Severe Dehydration in a 3-month-old Infant.

A 3-month-old boy presents with poor feeding and difficulty breathing for 2 days. He was born at term with a birthweight of 2.579 kg. His weight gain continues to be poor since birth. Parents noticed some weight loss 1 week before presentation. Despite significant reduction in oral intake, he continues to maintain good urine output. On physical examination, he is ill appearing and severely dehydrated. Both length and weight are less than the third percentile. His respiratory rate is 45 breaths/min. Initial laboratory evaluation shows a blood glucose level of 810 mg/dL (44.96 mmol/L) with large serum ketones. Venous blood gas reveals metabolic acidosis, with a pH of 7.068 and bicarbonate level of 2.1 mEq/L (2.1 mmol/L). A diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis is made, and the patient is started on an intravenous infusion of insulin after initial fluid boluses. His glucose levels are monitored, and become stable over the next few days when he is switched to subcutaneous insulin. Autoimmune markers for diabetes are negative. Serum C-peptide level is undetectable. Fructosamine level is elevated, 159 mg/dL (888 μmol/L). Abdominal ultrasonography shows normal pancreas. Genetic testing confirms the diagnosis. Based on the history and laboratory results, a diagnosis of neonatal diabetes is established. Sequence analysis of KCNJ11 confirms a heterozygous missense variant on Exon 1, p. (Arg201Cys) confirming a diagnosis of …
Lineage-Specific Silencing of PSAT1 Induces Serine Auxotrophy and Sensitivity to Dietary Serine Starvation in Luminal Breast Tumors

SUMMARY A major challenge of targeting metabolism for cancer therapy is pathway redundancy, where multiple sources of critical nutrients can limit the effectiveness of some metabolism-targeted therapies. Here, we analyzed lineage-dependent gene expression in human breast tumors to identify differences in metabolic gene expression that may limit pathway redundancy and create therapeutic vulnerabilities. We found that the serine synthesis pathway gene PSAT1 is the most depleted metabolic gene in luminal breast tumors relative to basal tumors. Low PSAT1 prevents de novo serine biosynthesis and sensitizes luminal breast cancer cells to serine and glycine starvation in vitro and in vivo. This PSAT1 expression disparity—which pre-exists in the putative cells-of-origin of basal and luminal tumors—is due to luminal-specific hypermethylation of the PSAT1 gene. Together, our data demonstrates that luminal breast tumors are auxotrophic for serine and may be uniquely sensitive to dietary serine starvation.
The Power of Bereaved Parent Faculty to Inform Pediatric End-of-Life Education with Standardized Patients

Introduction Caring for a child at end-of-life (EOL) can be a distressing event for pediatric clinicians; this is compounded by the lack of formal training in EOL care and the taboo nature of discussing such an emotionally heavy topic. To address these issues, communication-based simulations can provide relevant and meaningful training experiences. These types of simulations require a heightened need for sensitivity, respect, and authenticity, especially in standardized patient (SP) performance. The lived experience of bereaved parents—those …
Effect of highly effective modulator treatment on sinonasal symptoms in cystic fibrosis.

Abstract Background Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor is a highly effective modulator for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients homozygous or heterozygous for F508del. Effects of the drug on sinonasal symptoms have not been studied. Methods Adult participants were prospectively evaluated at baseline and after three months of treatment using validated questionnaires assessing sinonasal symptoms (SNOT-22) and CF-related quality of life (CFQ-R). Results Forty-three participants completed the study; 23 were taking other CF transmembrane conductance (CFTR) modulators at the time of study participation. There was a significant improvement in mean SNOT-22 from 34.8 (29.4–40, 95% confidence interval) to 24.4 (19.9–29.0) (p = 0.000003) and in the Respiratory domain of the CFQR from 60.6 (57.1–64.1) to 83.3 (79.4–87.2) (p = 0.0000002), both achieving a minimal clinically important difference. Patients previously taking CFTR modulators experienced a greater benefit in sinonasal and respiratory symptoms. Conclusions Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor is associated with significant improvement in sinonasal symptoms; previous use of CFTR modulators is associated with greater benefit.
Inflationary dynamics and particle production in a toroidal Bose-Einstein condensate

We present a theoretical study of the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped inside an expanding toroid that can realize an analog inflationary universe. As the system expands, we find that phonons in the BEC undergo redshift and damping due to quantum pressure effects, owing to the thinness of the ring. We predict that rapidly expanding toroidal BEC's can exhibit spontaneous particle creation, and study this phenomenon in the context of an initial coherent state wave function. We show how particle creation would be revealed in the atom density and density correlations, and discuss connections to the cosmological theory of inflation.
Owner Sex and Human– Canine Interactions at the Park

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate if and what types of differences exist between men and women when interacting with their dogs in a “natural” setting. In the case of this st...
Financing the Turnaround

A major challenge is finding the resources to keep a troubled company going while it is being restructured. When a company is doing well, everyone is willing to invest in, or lend to it. But when a company is in trouble, investors and lenders vanish. Yet there are a few who, under the right circumstances, will provide financing at a price.
LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN: TOWARDS A MEANINGFUL TALK ABOUT RELIGION

Wittgenstein’s profound thought had rich implications regarding religious belief and religion. In his early philosophy, silence occupies a central place to articulate what is beyond the boundary of language. Silence overcomes the limits of human language. In Wittgenstein’s later philosophy, religious language and different religious languages are legitimized by the multiple uses of language. An evaluation of his linguistic philosophy and its application in religious belief reveals that despite the limitations of his philosophy, Wittgenstein has enriched the contemporary philosophy of religion. This paper discusses the meaningful talk about religion, religious speech acts and religious rituals with Wittgenstein’s later understanding of the religious domain. Though Wittgenstein was not a religious man, he saw things from a religious point of view. His insight on religious belief can be seen from different perspectives. From a pragmatic perspective, religious language is very much tied up with the form of life. It emerges from the everyday shared practices of the community of believers.
The Lander are the Building Blocks of the German Capital Market

Data on major voting blocks in the German officially listed companies for the end of 1997 and May 2001 is used in order to explore the spatial dimensions of the system of corporate control. Listed companies are very unevenly distributed, and their institutional and geographical concentration has not decreased. Holdings of voting blocks in companies are, in turn, getting more and more dispersed, but the majority of corporate control is still intra-regional, with the holders of voting rights coming from the same Lander as the controlled corporations. Gravity equations show that distance is a very strong determinant of corporate control links, and its role applies to all types of companies and holders, though to a varying degree. From the perspective of corporate control, the German capital market is very regionalised. Considering that the study spans a short period of time, however, the pace of integration is pronounced.
Culture and politics in Palestine/Israel

While the scholarly study of culture as a political sphere in Palestine/Israel has become an established field over the past two decades, the articles in this issue highlight some particular unders...
Molecular and Genetic Profiling for Precision Medicines in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and chronic lung disease characterized by progressive occlusion of the small pulmonary arteries, which is associated with structural and functional alteration of the smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells within the pulmonary vasculature. Excessive vascular remodeling is, in part, responsible for high pulmonary vascular resistance and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, increasing the transpulmonary gradient and the right ventricular "pressure overload", which may result in right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and failure. Current technological advances in multi-omics approaches, high-throughput sequencing, and computational methods have provided valuable tools in molecular profiling and led to the identification of numerous genetic variants in PAH patients. In this review, we summarized the pathogenesis, classification, and current treatments of the PAH disease. Additionally, we outlined the latest next-generation sequencing technologies and the consequences of common genetic variants underlying PAH susceptibility and disease progression. Finally, we discuss the importance of molecular genetic testing for precision medicine in PAH and the future of genomic medicines, including gene-editing technologies and gene therapies, as emerging alternative approaches to overcome genetic disorders in PAH.
Premature termination of the sympathetic chain.

The sympathetic chain serves to distribute visceral efferents and afferents over the entire body. The sympathetic chain courses from the base of the skull to the coccyx and sends branches to distribute along spinal nerves and a number of visceral nerves that distribute to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands. During dissection of the posterior abdominal wall, we identified a rare variation of the sympathetic chain. In this subject, the sympathetic chain failed to send gray rami to the L2-4 spinal nerves and terminated by joining the S1 anterior ramus. Such a variation has only been reported once in the literature in 1895. We provide both schematic and photographic documentation of this variation and propose a number of possible circuits whereby visceral axons can reach their target despite these anatomical barriers.
KCNQ Potassium Channels as Targets of Botanical Folk Medicines.

Since prehistory, human species have depended on plants for both food and medicine. Even in countries with ready access to modern medicines, alternative treatments are still highly regarded and commonly used. Unlike modern pharmaceuticals, many botanical medicines are in widespread use despite a lack of safety and efficacy data derived from controlled clinical trials and often unclear mechanisms of action. Contributing to this are the complex and undefined composition and likely multifactorial mechanisms of action and multiple targets of many botanical medicines. Here, we review the newfound importance of the ubiquitous KCNQ subfamily of voltage-gated potassium channels as targets for botanical medicines, including basil, capers, cilantro, lavender, fennel, chamomile, ginger, and Camellia, Sophora, and Mallotus species. We discuss the implications for the traditional use of these plants for disorders such as seizures, hypertension, and diabetes and the molecular mechanisms of plant secondary metabolite effects on KCNQ channels. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Imaging Program Management

Imaging informatics projects require project management leadership and expertise. Project committees focus on strategic and tactical planning. The core of successful project implementation is careful planning. Setting project goals, scope, milestones, and deliverables will keep the project on track and mitigate risk. There are many project management tools commercially available that facilitate success. Imaging informatics professionals are tightly coupled into imaging projects and are often asked to lead them.
A Linear Time Algorithm for Determining Almost Bipartite Graphs

A graph \(G\,=\,(V,E)\) is called almost bipartite if \(G\) is not bipartite, but there exists a vertex \(v\in V\) such that \(G-\{v\}\) is bipartite. We consider the problem of testing if \(G\) is almost bipartite or not.
Systemic Engagement: Universities as Partners in Systemic Approaches to Community Change.

The most pressing social problems facing humanity in the 21st century are what systems theorist Russell Ackoff referred to as “messes”—complex dynamic systems of problems that interact and reinforce each other over time. In this article, the authors argue that the lack of progress in managing messes is in part due to the predominance of a university-driven isolated-impact approach to social problem solving. The authors suggest an alternative approach called systemic engagement (SE), which involves universities as partners in systemic approaches to community change. The six principles of SE are presented and illustrated with a case example. Barriers to SE are discussed, and strategies are proposed for increasing faculty use of this methodology. The promises and perils of SE as an alternative community-engaged approach to social problem solving are considered.
Diagonal implicit multigrid solution of the three-dimensional Euler equations

An attempt is made to apply an alternating direction implicit algorithm to the solution of the three-dimensional Euler equations. Results are presented for the flow past a swept wing mounted on a vertical wall or symmetry plane. The solution agrees well with experimental data.
Topical microbicides and HIV prevention in the female genital tract

Worldwide, HIV disproportionately affects women who are often unable to negotiate traditional HIV preventive strategies such as condoms. In the absence of an effective vaccine or cure, chemoprophylaxis may be a valuable self-initiated alternative. Topical microbicides have been investigated as one such option. The first generation topical microbicides were non-specific, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, including surfactants, polyanions, and acid buffering gels, that generally exhibited contraceptive properties. After extensive clinical study, none prevented HIV infection, and their development was abandoned. Second generation topical microbicides include agents with selective mechanisms of antiviral activity. Most are currently being used for, or have previously been explored as, drugs for treatment of HIV. The most advanced of these is tenofovir 1% gel: the first topical agent shown to significantly reduce HIV infection by 39% compared to placebo. This review summarizes the evolution of topical microbicides for HIV chemoprophylaxis, highlights important concepts learned, and offers current and future considerations for this area of research.
Algorithms for Computing Crystal Growth and Dendritic Solidification

We report on a numerical method for computing the motion of complex solid/liquid boundaries in crystal growth. The model we solve includes physical effects such as crystalline anisotropy, surface tension, molecular kinetics and undercooling. The method is based on a single history-dependent boundary integral equation on the solid/liquid boundary, which is solved by means of a fast algorithm coupled to a level set approach for tracking the evolving boundary. Numerical experiments show the evolution of complex crystalline shapes, development of large spikes and corners, dendrite formation and side-branching, and pieces of solid merging and breaking off freely.
Manufacturing of magnetic probe coils for DIII-D

The magnetic diagnostics program at DIII-D adds to its in-vessel installations of induction-type loops and coils almost every year. The current design of toroidal and poloidal magnetic field coils (45-50 kHz, N/spl middot/A=0.06 m/sup 2/) has been in existence since 1987. Many coils were installed in DIII-D during that year and are still operating and reliable today. The high reliability of the coils is owing to the use of a continuous length of mineral-insulated cable, eliminating any electrical connections inside the vacuum vessel. The geometry of the probes was designed to achieve a bandwidth of 50 kHz, despite the conducting shell formed by the stainless steel sheath of the mineral-insulated cable. The bandwidth is sensitive to the details of the cable dimensions and winding technique, and care must be taken in the fabrication in order to maintain this specification. With possible future magnetic diagnostics installations in ITER and other long-pulse machines requiring large numbers of coils and/or multiple layers per coil, the manufacturing scale-up, quality control, and the development of layered coils should all be investigated in addition to the obvious issues such as irradiation effects.
Independent component analysis for speech enhancement with missing TF content

We address the problem of Speech Enhancement in a setting where parts of the time-frequency content of the speech signal are missing. In telephony, speech is band-limited and the goal is to reconstruct a wide-band version of the observed data. Quite differently, in Blind Source Separation scenarios, information about a source can be masked by noise or other sources. These masked components are “gaps” or missing source values to be “filled in”. We propose a framework for unitary treatment of these problems, which is based on a relatively simple “spectrum restoration” procedure. The main idea is to use Independent Component Analysis as an adaptive, data-driven, linear representation of the signal in the speech frame space, and then apply a vector-quantization-based matching procedure to reconstruct each frame. We analyze the performance of the reconstruction with objective quality measures such as log-spectral distortion and Itakura-Saito distance.
Culture And Professional Education: The Experiences of Native American Social Workers

While much attention has been paid to cultural competence in assisting clients, little has been directed to evaluating the degree to which social work education respects the cultural norms and values of students from diverse populations. A qualitative survey was used to explore the experiences of Native Americans in social work education. The amount of cultural content in social work education has increased in recent years, yet most respondents identified the need for more cultural material. Although there are struggles for non-Anglo students pursuing an education grounded in Anglo cultural norms, supports are sometimes available to balance them.
DOES FOREIGN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION AFFECT US EXPORTS AND FDI

Several previous studies have examined the relationship between intellectual property rights (IPR) protection, exports, and FDI independently. However, very few prior analyses jointly examined the linkages between IPR protection and multiple modes of international transactions. This paper investigates how foreign IPR protection affects how US firms jointly serve overseas markets through exports and FDI. Using both static pooled regressions and a dynamic panel GMM estimator on a panel data of 53 countries, we examine whether stronger foreign IPR protection stimulates US international transactions. The empirical results suggest that foreign countries that strengthen their IPR protection, especially those with strong imitative ability, can attract more international transactions from the USA.
Ghanaian English and code-switching in Catholic churches: Ghanaian English and code-switching in Catholic churches

: This sociolinguistic study looks at language use at Catholic Masses and in informal social interactions by worshippers in the Ghanaian capital, Accra. The focus is on English employed monolingually as well as alternated or mixed with local languages. Data for the study were collected through the participant observation method. Findings revealed that, although it is mainly a second language in Ghana, English dominates Catholic Masses in urban centers like Accra, and is used extensively and in different combinations with indigenous languages. Even though all the major indigenous languages spoken in Accra, including Twi, Ga, and Ewe, were found to be in use especially in the middle and lower-class churches, English seems to dominate Catholic Masses including such parts as the introduction, homilies, prayers of the faithful, and announcements. In the multilingual urban environment of Accra and the socioreligious context of Catholic services, different types of linguistic hybridity seem to compete with monolingual English as both priests and worshippers make use of their linguistic resources according to the communicative demands of the occasion.
A monoclonal antibody that recognizes mammalian cortical granules and a 32-kilodalton protein in mouse eggs

The fertilization-induced exocytosis of egg cortical granules (CGs) is responsible for a block to polyspermy, crucial to the viability of many species. The contents of mammalian CGs have been an elusive target for analysis because of picogram quantities of CG proteins. By using media enriched in secreted CG contents from calcium ionophore-induced eggs as an immunogen, a monoclonal antibody was raised that immunolocalized to structures in the mouse egg cortex with all the hallmarks of CGs. These structures were the correct size, absent from the region over the metaphase II spindle, and greatly reduced after fertilization. Double-labeling experiments confirmed that the antibody recognized the same population of CGs as those recognized by Lens culinaris agglutinin. On Western blots, the antibody primarily recognized a 32-kDa protein (and secondarily one at ∼25 kDa) in mouse eggs. Analysis of biotin-labeled secreted proteins from activated eggs confirmed that CGs release only a small number of major proteins (45, 34, 32, 28, and ∼20 kDa by SDS-PAGE). We therefore propose that the 32-kDa protein identified by this antibody is likely to correspond to the 32-kDa protein released from activated eggs and that it may be involved in the block to polyspermy. These methods should make it possible to generate additional antibodies to study the structure of CG components as well as their roles in the polyspermy block and CG biogenesis.
Tafazzin splice variants and mutations in Barth syndrome.

article i nfo Article history: Barth syndrome is caused by mutations in the TAZ (tafazzin) gene on human chromosome Xq28. The human tafazzin gene produces four major mRNA splice variants; two of which have been shown to be functional (TAZ lacking exon 5 and full-length) in complementation studies with yeast and Drosophila. This study characterizes the multiple alternative splice variants of TAZ mRNA and their proportions in blood samples from a cohort of individuals with Barth syndrome (BTHS). Because it has been reported that collection and processing methods can affect the expression of various genes, we tested and chose a stabilizing medium for collecting, shipping and processing of the blood samples of these individuals. In both healthy controls and in BTHS individuals, we found a greater variety of alternatively spliced forms than previously described, with a sizeable proportion of minor splice variants besides the four dominant isoforms. Individuals with certain exonic and intronic splice mutations produce additional mutant mRNAs that could be translated into two or more proteins with different amino acid substitutions in a single individual. A fraction of the minor splice variants is predicted to be non- productive.
Noble gases in interplanetary dust particles, II: Excess helium‐3 in cluster particles and modeling constraints on interplanetary dust particle exposures to cosmic‐ray irradiation

— Measurements of He isotopes in cluster interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) from stratospheric dust collector L2009 reveal anomalous 3He/4He ratios comparable to those seen earlier, up to ∼40x the solar wind ratio, in particles from the companion collector L2011. These overabundances of 3He in the L2009 samples are masked by much higher 4He contents compared to the L2011 particles, and are visible only in minor gas fractions evolved by stepwise heating at high temperatures. Cosmic-ray induced spallogenic reactions are efficient producers of 3He. The majority of this paper is devoted to a detailed assessment of the possible role of spallation in generating the 3He excesses in these and other cluster IDPs. A model of collisional erosion and fragmentation during inward transit through the interplanetary dust environment is used to estimate space lifetimes of particles from asteroidal and Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt sources. Results of the modeling indicate that Poynting–Robertson orbital evolution timescales of IDPs small enough to elude destruction on their way to Earth from either location are far shorter than the cosmic-ray exposure ages required to account for observed 3He overabundances. Grains large enough to have sufficiently long space residence times are fragmented close to their sources. An alternative to long in-space exposure could be prolonged irradiation of particles buried in parent body regoliths prior to their ejection as IDPs. A qualitative calculation suggests, however, that collisional erosion of asteroidal upper-regolith materials is likely to occur on timescales shorter than the > 1 Ga burial times needed for accumulation of spallogenic 3He to the levels seen in several cluster particles. In contrast, regoliths on Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt objects may be stable enough to account for the 3He excesses, and delivery of heavily pre-irradiated IDPs to the inner solar system by short-period Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt comets remains a possibility. A potential problem is that the expected associated abundances of spallation-produced 21Ne appear to be absent, although here the present IDP data base is too sparse and for the most part too imprecise to rule out a spallogenic origin. Relatively short periods of pre-ejection residence in asteroidal regoliths may be responsible for the curiously broad exposure age distributions reported for micrometeorites extracted from Greenland and sea-floor sediments.
An exact primal---dual penalty method approach to warmstarting interior-point methods for linear programming

One perceived deficiency of interior-point methods in comparison to active set methods is their inability to efficiently re-optimize by solving closely related problems after a warmstart. In this paper, we investigate the use of a primal---dual penalty approach to overcome this problem. We prove exactness and convergence and show encouraging numerical results on a set of linear and mixed integer programming problems.
El estoicismo como moral en Vives, el Brocense y Quevedo

En este articulo nos proponemos abordar algunas de las formas mas paradigmaticas en que el estoicismo antiguo fue reconstruido y adoptado como filosofia moral cristiana durante los siglos XVI y XVII. Con este proposito, hemos centrado nuestra atencion en tres autores espanoles: Luis Vives, Francisco Sanchez de las Brozas y Francisco de Quevedo. A traves del comentario de algunas de sus obras, esperamos poder mostrar como la Contrarreforma y la disolucion de las esperanzas del humanismo cristiano propiciaron un cambio en la interpretacion de la doctrina estoica acerca del juicio moral y su transformacion, ya en el periodo Barroco, en una doctrina del desengano
Neuroglial population in the spinal white matter of neonatal and early postnatal rats: an autoradiographic study of numbers of neuroglia and changes in their proliferative activity.

The temporal pattern of increase in number of neuroglia in spinal cord white matter and the amount of multiplication in situ of these cells were studied in rats ranging from less than 12 hours following birth to 30 days of age. Autoradiographs of sections from animals killed four hours after injection of tritiated thymidine were studied; counts of the total neuroglial population and of the number of labeled neuroglia were made in the white matter of each half of the cord (hemisection). During the first two weeks following birth, the number of neuroglia per hemisection increased six times; thereafter, the population appeared to be stable. The increases in number of labeled neuroglia appeared to parallel the rise in total population, particularly during the period of greatest population increase, i.e., days 7 through 12. After 12 days, when the total population stabilized, there was a marked and rapid decrease in the number of labeled cells. The walls of the central canal were examined in view of the role this area plays in the initial development of the nervous system. In rats killed during the first 14 days postnatally, the dorsal and ventral walls were incomplete; however, numerous, unidentified cells adjacent to these walls were oriented as if entering the dorsal median septum and the ventral median sulcus. By 22 days the central canal area had more of its adult appearance.
Automated recognition of microcalcification clusters in mammograms

The widespread and increasing use of mammographic screening for early breast cancer detection is placing a significant strain on clinical radiologists. Large numbers of radiographic films have to be visually interpreted in fine detail to determine the subtle hallmarks of cancer that may be present. We developed an algorithm for detecting microcalcification clusters, the most common and useful signs of early, potentially curable breast cancer. We describe this algorithm, which utilizes contour map representations of digitized mammographic films, and discuss its benefits in overcoming difficulties often encountered in algorithmic approaches to radiographic image processing. We present experimental analyses of mammographic films employing this contour-based algorithm and discuss practical issues relevant to its use in an automated film interpretation instrument.
Desulfiting Dried Apricots by Hydrogen Peroxide

Removal of sulfites from excessively sulfited dried apricots using hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) was studied. Dried apricots were dipped into 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% H 2 O 2 solutions at 20 °C and 40 °C for various times. At 60 °C, apricots were also treated with 1% H 2 O 2 solution. Removal of sulfites by H 2 O 2 flowed a 1st-order kinetic model. At 20 °C to 60 °C and 1% H 2 O 2 concentration, the E a value was 22.46 kJ mol -1 . H 2 O 2 treatment caused lighter, more yellow, and less red dried apricots. Critical factors for H 2 O 2 application are choosing the appropriate H 2 O 2 concentration, temperature, and exposure time and without bleaching the natoral color of dried apricots.
Transmission Loss in Radio Propagation

The utility of the concept of transmissionloss in radio-propagation analysis is explored. The transmission loss of a radio system is defined to be the ratio of the power radiated from the transmitting antenna to the resulting signal power available from a loss-free receiving antenna. After discussing some methods of measuring transmission loss, its calculation for representative systems is discussed. It is shown that a measure of transmission loss often adopted, namely the attenuation relative to the free-space value, sometimes leads to errors and confusion in the presentation of the results of measurements and in applications to radio systems; the use of the over-all transmission loss of a system avoids these pitfalls. A discussion is given of the expected variation with time (fading) of the transmission loss expected for radio systems involving ionospheric or tropospheric propagation. This discussion involves the theory of the Rayleigh distribution and its limitations in such applications. A definition is then derived for the effective noise figure of a radio system which includes the external noise picked up on the receiving antenna. This definition is used to explain the method of determining the maximum range of a radio system. Finally a discussion is given of the maximum range of a radio system as limited by interference from other radio signals plus noise rather than from noise alone.
Abdominal Adiposity Quantification at MRI via Fuzzy Model-Based Anatomy Recognition

ABSTRACT In studying Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in obese children, the quantification of obesity through MRI has been shown to be useful. For large-scal e studies, interactive or manual segmentation strategies become inadequate. Our goal is to automate this process to facilitate high throughput, precision, and accuracy and to eliminate subjectivity in quantification. In this paper, we demonstrate the adaptation, to this application, of a general body-wide Automatic Anatomy Recognition (AAR) system that is being developed separately. The AAR system has been developed based on existing clinical CT image data of 50-60 year-old male subj ects and using fuzzy models of a large number of objects in each body region. The individual objects and their models are arranged in a hierarchy that is specific to each body region. In the application under consideration in this paper, we are primarily interested in only the skin boundary, and subcutaneous and visceral adipose region. Further, the imag e modality is MRI, and the study subjects are 8-17 year-old females. We demonstrate in this paper that, once such a full AAR system is built, it can be easily adapted to a new application by specifying the objects of interest, their hierarchy, and a few other application-specific parameters. Our tests based on MRI of 14 obese subjects indicate a recognition accuracy of about 2 voxels or better for both types of adipose regions. This seems quite adequate in terms of the initialization of model-based graph-cut (GC) and iterative relative fuzzy connectedness (IRFC) algorithms implemented in our AAR system for subsequent delineation of the objects. Both algorithms achieved low false positive volume fraction (FPVF) and high true positive volume fraction (TPVF), with IRFC performing better than GC.
Psychological Adjustment and Life Style of Single Lesbians and Single Heterosexual Women

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and a 60-item structured interview questionnaire were administered to 25 white single homosexually-oriented women and 25 white single heterosexually-oriented women between the ages of 20 and 45 years in order to investigate their psychological adjustment and current life styles. Groups were equivalent on age, marital status, educational and occupational levels, and other demographic variables. Groups did not differ in total psychological adjustment as measured by scale scores on the MMPI nor as evaluated by blind expert raters using the MMPI profiles. Groups differed significantly on the Masculinity-Femininity (Mf) scale (p < .001) and the Hypomania (Ma) scale (p < .05). On the interview questionnaire, which included current living situations, roles and relationships, behavior and friendship patterns, and drinking, drug, and suicidal behavior, no major differences between groups were found. Differences between groups were found only on items directly ...
Effects of gamma radiation on biomass production of ground vegetation under broadleaved forests of Northern Wisconsin

Abstract Effects of gamma irradiation (10,000 Ci 137Cs source) for one growing season on biomass production of ground vegetation under northern Wisconsin aspen and maple-aspen-birch forests and on an abandoned logging road were evaluated during and one year after irradiation. No significant changes in production were determined during the irradiation year. One year later three distinct zones—semi-devastated, herbaceous, and original forest—developed along the radiation gradient. Biomass production under forest canopies decreased significantly in the semi-devastated zone, increased significantly in the herbaceous zone (primarily responding to additional light), and remained unchanged under the original forest. Logging road vegetation responded similarly but the changes were restricted within higher radiation doses. At comparable levels of radiation, production of species of the logging road vegetation was affected less than that of species under forest canopies. Such a trend was predictable from the generally smaller interphase chromosome volumes, ICV's, of the species on the logging road and from their ability to survive in severe habitats.
Budget “Walls” Stand; Big projects threatened

By decisive votes, both the House and Senate have rejected efforts to prevent massive cuts in domestic spending for fiscal year 1993 by dismantling the budget agreement that separates domestic and defense spending. At stake is funding for the superconducting super collider, the space station, the National Science Foundation, Mission to Planet Earth, and other programs. On March 26, a Senate move to allow changes between domestic and defense spending failed by a decisive ten votes. The House followed suit on March 31, voting 238 to 187 against a shift of almost $7 billion into the domestic spending account. Congress must now go to work on domestic appropriations bills with $6.7 billion less than what is needed to merely keep pace with inflation.
Increased activity of serum β-glucuronidase in patients with coronary artery disease*

Summary Patients with clinically evident coronary artery disease were shown to have increased activity of serum β -glucuronidase when studied by the improved method developed by W. H. Fishman. The 47 patients with coronary atherosclerosis gave a mean serum value of 2140 units as compared with 1270 in the 67 control subjects ( P β -glucuronidase activity as compared with 630 for the control group (0.1 The patients with coronary artery disease were selected so as to preclude any enzyme changes secondary to acute myocardial infarction necrosis. Individuals with the diagnosis of previous myocardial infarction were studied at least 3 months after the acute episode. In addition, patients with classical angina pectoris without a history of myocardial infarction were also included. The elevated enzyme activity in these patients with coronary artery disease matches the increase observed previously by the authors in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that the elevated β -glucuronidase values in both diseases may reflect a common biochemical pathway in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Hydrogen collision model: Quantitative description of metastability in amorphous silicon

The hydrogen collision model of light-induced metastability in hydrogenated amorphous silicon is described in detail. Recombination of photogenerated carriers excites mobile H from Si-H bonds, leaving threefold-coordinated Si dangling-bond defects. When two mobile H atoms collide and associate in a metastable two-H complex, the two dangling bonds from which H was emitted also become metastable. The proposed microscopic mechanism is consistent with electron-spin-resonance experiments. Comprehensive rate equations for the dangling-bond and mobile-H densities are presented; these equations include light-induced creation and annealing. Important regimes are solved analytically and numerically. The model provides explanations for both the ${t}^{1/3}$ time dependence of the rise of defect density during continuous illumination and the ${t}^{1/2}$ time-dependence during intense laser-pulse illumination. Other consequences and predictions of the H collision model are described.
Orthogonal and oblique simple structures

A quick approximation of the best-fitting orthogonal simple structure from the known oblique simple structure is here developed.
Electrophilic functionalization of well-behaved manganese monoanions supported by m-terphenyl isocyanides

The m-terphenyl isocyanides CNArMes2 and CNArDipp2 support five-coordinate, isocyanide/carbonyl monoanions of manganese. For CNArDipp2, a bis-isocyanide anion is available that is remarkably well behaved upon reaction with electrophiles. Most notable is the formation of an unprecedented chloride-substituted metallostannylene.
Principal Results of a Comprehensive Investigation of the Structure and Dynamics of the Thunderstorm

Certain intensive investigations into the nature of thunderstorms in the United States have resulted in a new model of thunderstorm structure, life cycle and thermodynamics. Thunderstorms and their effects have been investigated by airplanes, radar, surface micronetworks and swarms of balloons. Some of the more significant aspects of these measurements are described. A comprehensive final report will be published soon by the U. S. Government. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1949.tb01269.x
Multi-camera real-time three-dimensional tracking of multiple flying animals

Automated tracking of animal movement allows analyses that would not otherwise be possible by providing great quantities of data. The additional capability of tracking in real time—with minimal latency—opens up the experimental possibility of manipulating sensory feedback, thus allowing detailed explorations of the neural basis for control of behaviour. Here, we describe a system capable of tracking the three-dimensional position and body orientation of animals such as flies and birds. The system operates with less than 40 ms latency and can track multiple animals simultaneously. To achieve these results, a multi-target tracking algorithm was developed based on the extended Kalman filter and the nearest neighbour standard filter data association algorithm. In one implementation, an 11-camera system is capable of tracking three flies simultaneously at 60 frames per second using a gigabit network of nine standard Intel Pentium 4 and Core 2 Duo computers. This manuscript presents the rationale and details of the algorithms employed and shows three implementations of the system. An experiment was performed using the tracking system to measure the effect of visual contrast on the flight speed of Drosophila melanogaster. At low contrasts, speed is more variable and faster on average than at high contrasts. Thus, the system is already a useful tool to study the neurobiology and behaviour of freely flying animals. If combined with other techniques, such as ‘virtual reality’-type computer graphics or genetic manipulation, the tracking system would offer a powerful new way to investigate the biology of flying animals.
Recipients of the 2013 ATVB Early Career Awards

This is the eighth year of competition for Atherosclerosis/Lipoprotein, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB) Early Career Awards. The awards recognize articles published in ATVB in 2012 that were submitted by new investigators and judged to be the most outstanding in the ATVB sections of the journal. The 3 awards are named for Dr Daniel Steinberg, who devised a method to determine the site of degradation of the proteins and lipids of a lipoprotein, which led to …