cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Outsized Effects of Equating Teaching with Leadership: Implications of Teach for America’s Vision for Engaging Teachers in Reform

Although Teach for America (TFA) members encompass a tiny portion of the teaching workforce, the organization both attracts and creates disproportionate attention as part of its quest to develop educators with strong leadership skills. Because TFA’s mission goes beyond individual classrooms, it has strategically grown its presence in policy arenas and other venues for advocacy and reform in order to create broad influence. This approach is a controversial departure from traditional preparation programs that prioritize developing sound pedagogy and teaching strategies over leadership capabilities or public activism. However, it distinguishes TFA participants by positioning them as empowered to drive a particular brand of change. We can better understand how TFA characterizes their role by examining the messages within their Teaching as Leadership manual and comparing them to themes within mainstream preparation texts like The First Days of School , while considering the implications of differences in the way teaching is defined.
The impact of social support and coercion salience on Dark Triad decision making

Abstract We examined the effect of social support and coercion on risk taking associated with the Dark Triad. Participants brought a picture into the lab of an individual who calmed them (social support) or stressed them (coercion). They were then randomly assigned to place one of these pictures beside a computer screen. Participants completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and IOWA Gambling Task (IGT) with the photograph next to the computer. Results indicated that, overall, coercion resulted in less risky decisions. However, among those high in psychopathy, coercion led to riskier decisions. In contrast, those high in narcissism made less risky choices when primed with social support. Taken together, the Dark Triad may respond differently to different social contexts.
Measurement of regional myocardial blood flow in rats by unlabeled microspheres and Coulter channelyzer

A relatively inexpensive, expeditious, new nonradioactive microsphere method for measuring regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) was developed with unlabeled microspheres and a Coulter Channelyzer. To validate the efficiency of this method, hearts from rats were perfused ex vivo by retrograde aortic cannulation. Unlabeled microspheres of varying size were injected into a side arm in the aortic cannula or added to blood samples collected from the rats. Microspheres were then recovered from the cardiac tissue and blood samples. It was found that > 97% of perfused microspheres (diam > 9.4 microns) were retained in the myocardium and that 94.8 +/- 2.2% of the trapped microspheres were recovered and counted successfully using a Counter Channelyzer. The percent recovery of microspheres from 2- and 0.5-ml blood samples were 95.4 +/- 2.3 and 95.3 +/- 3.1%, respectively. Blood flow to the anterior and posterior halves of the ventricular free walls and septum were measured in six rats; excellent agreements were found between the results yielded by 10-, 15-, and 20-microns unlabeled microspheres injected simultaneously. The transmural flow gradients in the left ventricular free wall estimated by 10- and 15-microns spheres did not significantly differ from each other. Thus the method developed here provides a new alternative for measurement of RMBF, which currently allows at least three measurements for nontransmural gradient RMBF and at least two measurements for transmural gradient RMBF.
Room temperature green to red electroluminescence from (Al,Ga)As/GaP QDs and QWs

We present the growth, fabrication, and characterization of light-emitting diodes based on (Al,Ga)As quantum wells and dots embedded in a p-n GaP structure. Samples were grown on Sulphur-doped GaP (001) substrate using gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. The structures include either GaAs quantum structures with nominal coverage between 1.2 and 3.6 monolayers or Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum wells. For structures with GaAs layer thicker than 1.5 monolayers the 3.6% lattice mismatch in the materials system results in formation of quantum dots via Stranski-Krastanow growth mode with areal density of about 8×1010 cm-2. The atomic-force and transmission-electron microscopy show that with increasing coverage of GaAs from 1.8 to 3.6 monolayers the average lateral size and height of dots change in the range of 17-34 nm and 0.9–2 nm, respectively. The diode structures emit light from the red to the green spectral range up to room temperature. The GaAs/GaP QDs show electroluminescence between 1.8 eV and 2 eV, whereas the Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum wells emit light between 2 eV and 2.2 eV.
The Sources of Self-Efficacy Educational Research and Implications for Music

Music teachers can empower students with control over their own music ability development by helping them foster positive self-efficacy beliefs. This article reviews general education and music res...
NIST-VT Workshop on Aging Water Infrastructure

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Virginia Tech (VT) hosted a workshop entitled “Measuring Up to Sustainable Water" on September 9 – 10, 2010 in Falls Church, Virginia. The workshop identified opportunities and knowledge gaps relative to critical areas of sustainable water including: Track-1: Infrastructure, Track-2: Membranes and Track-3: Emerging Contaminants. Invited attendees include researchers from academia, industry, and federal institutions. The goal of the workshop was to develop a prioritization for fundamental and applied research at federal institutions and entities funding research in sustainable water. The key question of the workshop, was “What are we concerned about, what do we want to measure, and how?” A prioritized agenda for research, training and education was produced for each of the three identified critical areas. The prioritized agenda was based on invited presentations and structured discussion. This paper presents the workshop outcome related to Track-1: Sustainable Water Infrastructure.
Cooling and Thermal Conductivity in Three Small Alaskan Mammals

Mammals are able to maintain their body temperatures in the face of cold stress through the insulation provided by their fur. In this study we explore a method for evaluating this insulating layer in dead animals and measure the modification of its effectiveness by changes in extent, thickness or air movement. These studies were supported in part under contract between the University of Wisconsin and the Alaskan Air Command, Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory, Ladd Air Force Base, Alaska, and by a research grant from the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. Tundra redback voles ( Clethrionomys rutilus dawsoni ), tundra voles ( Microtus economis macfarlani ), and long-tail shrews ( Sorex cinereus hollisteri ) were trapped near Fairbanks, Alaska, in February and March of 1952. Bodies were obtained either from animals found frozen in live traps or from animals which died as a result of exposure or other laboratory tests. The temperature of the area from which the animals were taken varied from 0 to −43°C. and occasionally as low as −56°C., but the microclimate under the snow is much milder (Johnson, 1951). The five Sorex , thirteen Clethrionomys and nine Microtus studied had average weights of 2.3, 14.3 and 20.4 gm., respectively. All animals were handled as little as possible and then only by feet or tail to prevent soiling by oils, moisture, or dirt which might cause clumping and breaking of the fur. It was difficult to keep the fur clean and even the fur of live animals in captivity seemed to have an affinity for foreign material. Two methods were used to determine the rate of heat loss through the fur: (1) measuring the change in temperature of an animal body held at a constant ambient temperature; and (2) recording similar data from a fur-covered, metal cast of an animal's body. The temperatures of the …
Fatigue-Crack Growth in the Superelastic Endovascular Stent Material Nitinol

This paper describes a study of fatigue-crack propagation behavior in the superelastic alloy Nitinol. This work is motivated by biomedical applications, and the current interest to improve the design and performance of medical stents for implantation in the human body. Specifically, the objective of this work is to study the effect of environment on cyclic crack- growth resistance in a ~50Ni-5OTi (at. %) alloy, and to provide the necessary data for the safe life predication of Nitinol endovascular stents. The material selected for this study has been heat treated such that it is superelastic at human body temperature. Characterization of fatigue-crack growth rates has been performed at 37°C on disc-shaped compact-tension samples, in environments of air, aerated deionized water, and aerated Hank’s solution. Results indicate that, in fact, Nitinol has the lowest fatigue-crack growth resistance of metallic alloys currently used for implant-applications.
Time in residential care and participation in Alcoholics Anonymous as predictors of continued sobriety.

Summary.-This follow-up study located 158 of 274 residents served over five years in Rockdale House, a residential community program in Conyers, Georgia. Hypothesized predictors of successful outcome were continued participation in Alcoholics Anonymous after discharge and number of days in residence. Responses by ex-residents showed a significant relationship between time in residence and participation in AA for those reporting continued sobriety. In 1977 there were at least 1,000 halfway houses for chemical abusers in North America providing low cost residential treatment. Studies of these programs are few in number and often fail to describe the program, the residents' characteristics, or the relationship of their experience to outcome (Rubington, 1977, p. 364). Residential halfway houses appeal to the less affluent, more isolated and dyshnctional client (Panison, Sobell, & Sobell, 1977). This may account for the relatively poor outcome in evaluations of such programs. Follow-up studies summarized by Rubington indicated rhat clients of halfway houses experienced about a 20% rate of continued abstinence. Amout of treatment was positively associated with successfully remaining free of mood altering chemicals by numerous evaluators (Baekelahd, 1777; Patton, 1777; Polich, Armor, & Braiker, 1980). Amount of treatment varies, however, according to program design, client's motivation, socio-economic status,, and existence of a social network for the client. These factors also contribute to the maintenance of sobriety after discharge ( Baekeland, 1977). Participation in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or other supportive groups is one contributor toward success in staying sober (Polich, Armor, & Braiker, 1980). If abstinence'is the goal and clients are of middle socio-economic status, AA is effective in helping maintain sobriery (Sobell & Sobell, 1978). The Rockdale House, in Conyers, Georgia, is a 15-bed facility which serves men and women who abuse chemicals. It was founded in 1974 by local citizens and is supported by stare, county, and city taxes and private donations. The program is staffed by a non-professional director and two assistants. The program concentrates on teaching the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous in group discussions and AA meetings. The goal of the program is to link clients to an AA support system so they will continue a life free from mood-altering chemicals after discharge. No fees are charged unless clients are able to pay. There is no limit to the length of stay if progress is shown. Records of 274 discharged residents showed that they were overwhelmingly male (79.6%), white (93.4%), w.ithout family ties (79.3%), divorced (59%), and without job or income (85.8%). A majority of the residents (61%) abused only alcohol, 35% used both alcohol and other drugs, and 3% used alcohol, drugs and evidenced major mental illness. The exact nature of the problem was unknown for 1%. 'School of Social Work, Athens, Georgia 30602.
Monocarboxylate transporter 1 inhibitors as potential anticancer agents

Potent monocarboxylate transporter 1 inhibitors (MCT1) have been developed based on α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid template. Structure–activity relationship studies demonstrate that the introduction of p-N, N-dialkyl/diaryl, and o-methoxy groups into cyanocinnamic acid has maximal MCT1 inhibitory activity. Systemic toxicity studies in healthy ICR mice with few potent MCT1 inhibitors indicate normal body weight gains in treated animals. In vivo tumor growth inhibition studies in colorectal adenocarcinoma (WiDr cell line) in nude mice xenograft models establish that compound 27 exhibits single agent activity in inhibiting the tumor growth.
Rapid screening of waterborne pathogens using phage-mediated separation coupled with real-time PCR detection

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a ubiquitous pathogen which can be linked to foodborne outbreaks worldwide. In addition to the significant illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths resulting from the outbreaks, there can be severe economic consequences to farmers, food manufacturers, and municipalities. A rapid detection assay which can validate sanitation and water quality would prove beneficial to these situations. Here, we report a novel bacteriophage-mediated detection of E. coli O157:H7 which utilizes the specific recognition between phages and their host cell as well as the natural lysis component of the infection cycle for DNA release. Carboxylic acid-functionalized magnetic beads were conjugated with bacteriophage and used to separate and concentrate E. coli O157:H7. The effects of bead incubation time, salinity, pH, and temperature on the bio-magnetic separation were investigated and compared to an antibody-based counterpart. The conditions of 0.01 M PBS, pH 7.0, and 20 min of reaction at 37 °C were found to be optimal. The capture efficiency of the coupled assay was approximately 20 % higher than that of antibody-based separation under extreme conditions. The resulting bead-phage-bacteria complexes were quantitatively detected by real-time PCR (qPCR). Our results demonstrated that the use of phage-based magnetic separation coupled with qPCR improved the sensitivity of detection by 2 orders of magnitude compared that without phage-based pre-concentration. Specificity and selectivity of the assay system was evaluated, and no cross-reactivity occurred when Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested. The total assay time was less than 2 h.
Evaluation on classification of leukocytes of common laboratory animals by ADVIA 2120 Hematology Analyzer

Objective To evaluate the results of leukocyte classifying counts by ADVIA 2120 Hematology Analyzer.Methods The differential leukocyte counts by ADVIA 2120 Hematology Analyzer were compared with those of manual blood smears under microscopy.The results were analyzed by SPSS 17.0.Results It showed that the relativity of two methods for classification of leukocytes was remarkable (r0.9) and there was no significant difference (P0.05) between them, except for the basophils of Beagle’s dogs,Wistar rats,and cynomolgus monkeys.Conclusion The results suggest that when the analyzer warns,it is better to analyze them under microscopy,regardless of whether the classification index in the normal range.
Activation of adenylyl cyclase downregulates sodium/calcium exchanger of arterial myocytes.

Chronic elevation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is known to inhibit the proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. The present findings show that the activation of adenylyl cyclase with forskolin decreased Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger (NCX) mRNA and activity. Fetal bovine serum restored NCX transcript and activity. The changes in NCX transcript preceded the changes in NCX activity. Incubation of low-passage immortalized myocytes with forskolin plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), which inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase, decreased NCX mRNA by 60% in 6 h and 80% in 24 h. After a 6-h lag, forskolin plus IBMX decreased NCX activity almost linearly to 20% of control at 40 h. 1,9-Dideoxyforskolin, which does not activate adenylyl cyclase, had no effect on NCX mRNA or activity. Forskolin plus IBMX decreased the c-Myc transcript, an immediate-early gene whose expression correlates with cell proliferation, but had no effect on plasma membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase transcripts. Removal of forskolin plus IBMX and addition of fetal bovine serum increased NCX and c-Myc transcripts seven- to eightfold in 6 h and restored NCX activity in 24 h. Inhibition of protein or RNA synthesis by cycloheximide or actinomycin D, respectively, prevented the increase in NCX mRNA. In contrast to blocking NCX induction, cycloheximide potentiated c-Myc induction by serum. Transcription factors that regulate myocyte growth may mediate the opposing influences of serum and forskolin on NCX mRNA and activity.
Poetry as a Form of Dissent: John F. Kennedy, Amiri Baraka, and the Politics of Art in Rhetorical Democracy

Rhetoric and poetics have a long historical relationship; however, there is a dearth of literature in contemporary rhetorical studies that analyzes poems as forms of democratic dissent. This article begins with an assessment of John F. Kennedy’s eulogy of Robert Frost, followed with an analysis of Amiri Baraka’s “Black Art,” a poem that both supports and challenges Kennedy’s defense of poetry. Ultimately, this paper makes an argument for why critics might pay closer attention to poetry as both a medium for expressing dissenting messages and as an example of how language play itself can function as valuable democratic dissent.
A recursive speech enhancement system employing Laplacian speech model

A new recursive approach for speech enhancement is proposed in This work. The speech is enhanced based on the Laplacian-Gaussian mixture model, where the Laplacian factor was estimated using the noisy speech signal. The proposed algorithm uses the enhanced signal to estimate the Laplacian factor resulting in a better estimate. Then the original speech is enhanced again with this estimate, recursively. The results show that the quality of the speech can be improved with this recursive approach, if the number of iterations is carefully selected.
Programmatic Party System Structuration: Developing and Comparing Cross-National and Cross-Party Measures with a New Global Data Set

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in theorizing and empirical research concerning democratic accountability mechanisms such as programmatic appeals and clientelism, but a relative lack of readily comparable cross-national data. This paper addresses this empirical gap by first developing party and system-level indices of programmatic structuration based on a new global expert survey encompassing 88 polities. These indices are based on the cohesion, polarization and salience of positions taken by parties on different issues in each country. Second, the programmatic measures developed are subjected to various tests of construct validity through comparing the relationship with alternative programmatic measures from the survey, as well as exploring their relationship with economic development. Finally, the paper compares politicians’ efforts to project programmatic appeals with other appeals politicians may deploy to attract voters and establish relations of accountability, and suggests future avenues for the refinement of these measures.
Formal Methods: Past, Present, and Future

A formal method is a mathematically-based technique used to describe properties of hardware and software systems. It provides a framework within which large, complex systems may be specified, designed, analyzed, and verified in a systematic rather than ad hoc manner. A method is formal if it has a sound mathematical basis, typically given by a formal specification language
The Role of Modified Forms of LDL and Corresponding Autoantibodies in the Development of Complications in Diabetes

One of the consequences of oxidative stress, which is enhanced in diabetes due to hyperglycemia, is protein modification, which affects LDL. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL), malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL), and advanced glycation end-products LDL (AGE-LDL) are major LDL modifications, which elicit the formation of autoantibodies and immune complexes (IC) in humans, are pro-inflammatory and play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The proinflammatory potential of modified LDL (mLDL) is enhanced several fold when mLDL combines with specific IgG antibodies. Clinical studies by our group have shown that the levels of mLDL in circulating IC significantly predict the development of diabetic complications. Furthermore, the composition of mLDL in IC modulates the pattern of cell activation. In the case of macrovascular disease, when the predominant modifications in IC are oxLDL and AGE LDL there is a strong association with intima-media thickening, but not with acute events. In contrast, high levels of MDA-LDL in IC are associated with acute CVD events. In vitro studies suggest that the reason for these differences result from different effects of mLDL-IC in macrophages and other cells.
Operando Synchrotron XRD Investigation of Silver Metal Formation upon Electrochemical Reduction of Silver Iron Pyrophosphate (Ag7Fe3(P2O7)4)

The formation of conductive metallic silver upon electrochemical reduction and lithiation of Ag7Fe3(P2O7)4 is investigated. Alternating current impedance spectroscopy measurements show a 34% decrease in charge transfer resistance upon one electron equivalent (ee) of reduction, which is coincident with the formation of a Ag metal conductive network evidenced by both ex situ and operando X-ray diffraction. Quantitative assessment of Ag metal formation derived from operando XRD shows that only Ag+ ions are reduced during the first 3ee, followed by simultaneous reduction of Ag+ and Fe3+ reduction for the next 5ee (3ee to 8ee), culminating in reduction of the remaining Ag+. Scanning electron microscopy images show smaller Ag metal crystallite size and shorter nearest neighbor distance between and among Ag particles with higher depth of discharge. A high rate intermittent pulsatile discharge test is conducted where the cell delivers 12 total pulses during full discharge to probe the effect of Ag metal formation...
A Health Decision Support System for Disease Diagnosis Based on Wearable Medical Sensors and Machine Learning Ensembles

Even with an annual expenditure of more than $3 trillion, the U.S. healthcare system is far from optimal. For example, the third leading cause of death in the U.S. is preventable medical error, immediately after heart disease and cancer. Computer-based clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been proposed to address such deficiencies and have significantly improved clinical practice over the past decade. However, they remain limited to clinics and hospitals, and do not take advantage of patient data that are obtained on a daily basis using wearable medical sensors (WMSs) that have the ability to bridge this information gap. WMSs can collect physiological signals from anyone anywhere anytime. Thus, they have the potential to usher in an era of pervasive healthcare. However, most prior work on WMSs only focuses on hardware and protocol design, and not on an information system that can fully utilize the collected signals for efficient disease diagnosis. In this paper, for the first time, we introduce a hierarchical health decision support system for disease diagnosis that integrates health data from WMSs into CDSSs. The proposed system has a multi-tier structure, starting with a WMS tier, backed by robust machine learning, that enables diseases to be tracked individually by a disease diagnosis module. We demonstrate the feasibility of such a system through six disease diagnosis modules aimed at four ICD-10-CM disease categories. We show that the system is scalable using five more disease categories. Just the WMS tier offers impressive diagnostic accuracies for various diseases: arrhythmia (86 percent), type-2 diabetes (78 percent), urinary bladder disorder (99 percent), renal pelvis nephritis (94 percent), and hypothyroid (95 percent). We estimate that the disease diagnosis modules of all known 69,000 human diseases would require just 62 GB of storage space in the WMS tier. This is practical even in today’s cloud or base station oriented WMS systems.
Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus: Three major threats to hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are uniquely threatened by the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria because these patients rely on immediate active antimicrobial therapy to combat bacterial infections. This review describes the epidemiology and treatment considerations for three challenging MDR bacterial pathogens in HSCT recipients: MDR Enterobacteriaceae, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). These bacteria are common causes of infection in this population and bacteremias caused by these organisms are associated with high mortality rates. Carbapenems remain the treatments of choice for serious infections due to ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in HSCT recipients. Administration of β-lactam agents as an extended infusion is associated with improved outcomes in patients with severe infections caused by P. aeruginosa. Older agents used for the treatment of CRE and MDR P. aeruginosa infections, such as polymyxins and aminoglycosides, have major limitations. Newer agents, such as ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam have great potential for the treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapemenase-producing CRE and MDR P. aeruginosa, respectively, but more pre-clinical and clinical data are needed to better evaluate their efficacy. Daptomycin dosages ≥8 mg/kg/day are recommended to treat VRE infections in this population, particularly in the setting of increasing daptomycin resistance. Strategies to prevent these infections include strict adherence to recommended infection control practices and multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship. Last, gastrointestinal screening to guide empirical therapy and the use of polymerase chain reaction-based rapid diagnostics may decrease the time to administration of appropriate therapy for these infections, thereby leading to improved outcomes.
Contrasting the co-variability of daytime cloud and precipitation over tropical land and ocean.

Abstract. The co-variability of cloud and precipitation in the extended tropics (35 ∘ N–35 ∘ S) is investigated using contemporaneous data sets for a 13-year period. The goal is to quantify potential relationships between cloud type fractions and precipitation events of particular strength. Particular attention is paid to whether the relationships exhibit different characteristics over tropical land and ocean. A primary analysis metric is the correlation coefficient between fractions of individual cloud types and frequencies within precipitation histogram bins that have been matched in time and space. The cloud type fractions are derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) joint histograms of cloud top pressure and cloud optical thickness in 1 ∘ grid cells, and the precipitation frequencies come from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) data set aggregated to the same grid. It is found that the strongest coupling (positive correlation) between clouds and precipitation occurs over ocean for cumulonimbus clouds and the heaviest rainfall. While the same cloud type and rainfall bin are also best correlated over land compared to other combinations, the correlation magnitude is weaker than over ocean. The difference is attributed to the greater size of convective systems over ocean. It is also found that both over ocean and land the anti-correlation of strong precipitation with “weak” (i.e., thin and/or low) cloud types is of greater absolute strength than positive correlations between weak cloud types and weak precipitation. Cloud type co-occurrence relationships explain some of the cloud–precipitation anti-correlations. Weak correlations between weaker rainfall and clouds indicate poor predictability for precipitation when cloud types are known, and this is even more true over land than over ocean.
Homological Conjectures and Lim Cohen-Macaulay Sequences

We discuss the new notion of a lim Cohen-Macaulay sequence of modules over a local ring, and also a somewhat weaker notion, as well as the theory of content for local cohomology modules. We relate both to the problem of proving the direct summand conjecture and other homological conjectures without using almost ring theory and perfectoid space theory, and we also indicate some other open problems whose solution would yield a new proof of the direct summand conjecture.
The Role of Argument in Mediation Styles

Two differing schools of mediation philosophy place the degree of mediator involvement in settlement content on a continuum from passive to interventionist. A case study of the argumentation of Pre...
Changes in Population Sizes of Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian Shore Crab) and Resident Crab Species in Southeastern New England (2010–2016)

The invasion of Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian Shore Crab) has been of concern in northeastern North America since the late 1980s. A relatively long-term record (1998–2011) of density estimates in southern New England showed displacement of resident crab species at 3 locations in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. In 2016, I visited the same locations to estimate current crab densities. The springtime Asian Shore Crab density decreased at a coastal location, but increased at an estuarine location to >300 crabs/m2. Resident crabs Carcinus maenas (European Green Crab) and Mud Crabs in the family Panopeidae increased in abundance at all 3 locations.
Audiology Faculty Author Impact Metrics as a Function of Institution

Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a method for the assessment of audiology author impact as a function of institution and compare these results to a recent college ranking of audiolo...
Pictorial Mnemonic Strategies for Special Education

Recently, the associative learning of exceptional children has been found to be greatly facilitated by the use of pictorial mnemonic strategies. This paper reviews the use of such strategies as an ...
Complex composite odontoma; report of a case.

Abstract This is a case report of a large complex composite odontoma and its surgical treatment. The presence of infection complicated treatment and had to be controlled prior to surgery. A two-stage procedure was contemplated wherein the wound would be packed open with fine mesh gauze and secondary closure effected after complete subsidence of infection. This was ruled out, as it was felt that the infection was well controlled and adequate drainage would be accomplished with a Penrose drain, giving the patient a shorter recovery period and a better cosmetic result. The extraoral approach was by far the best in a lesion of this size and position. Intraoral approach would be fraught with many difficulties, some of which are lack of access, excessive trauma, and possible sacrifice of healthy teeth. In this type of case, a possible fracture of the mandible must be anticipated and prepared for before surgery. Although a tentative diagnosis was made on the basis of the x-ray findings, other diagnoses cannot be ruled out until microscopic examination of the lesion is completed.
A historical perspective on land transfer: 'showing the land', survey, and registration in (B)Uganda from 1900-1950

Analyzing court cases from 1900 to 1950, this article documents the incomplete creation of a land market in Buganda, despite the legal possibility of land sale following the creation of mailo land in 1900. Survey, titling and registration of land became combined with mechanisms for land transfer which had already existed in Buganda, and the melding together of two sets of forms and meaningsfor land transfer led, inevitably, not only to ineffective transfer of land in individual cases, but also to the incomplete creation of a market in land. The buyers and sellers of land rarely, if ever, treated land as a commodity stripped of social obligations. The article describes the mechanisms for land transfer before the creation of private property in land, provides evidence of the hybrid mechanisms for land transfer which evolved, and documents the potential for fraud inherent in titling and registration and the potential for ambiguity inherent in “showing the land.” The difficulty in implementing private land ownership in Buganda between 1900 and 1950 suggests some challenges that will be faced in the implementation of the Land Act.
Origin of foliation in glaciers

Laboratory studies suggest that neither bubbles nor dirt particles migrate rapidly enough in glacier ice to be responsible for the alternating layers of bubbly and clear ice or dirty and clean ice which constitute foliation. We therefore suggest that these variations in bubble or dirt content are inherited from primary inhomogeneities such as may occur in sedimentary stratification in the accumulation region, in crevasse fillings, or during debris entrainment at the base of the glacier: the appearance of these inhomo-geneities is later modified by strain during flow to produce foliation. We consider six types of inhomogeneity, or components of foliation, and show that, at the very large total strains expected in glaciers, all are eventually flattened, stretched out, and rotated to form a layered structure roughly perpendicular to the direction of maximum total shortening. Most characteristics of observed foliation can be explained by this hypothesis. For example, in the marginal zones of polar ice sheets the rapid decrease in dip of foliation with depth and with distance up-glacier from the margin can he explained by a model in which the foliation is assumed to be nearly parallel to the base of the glacier some distance from the margin, and is deformed passively with the ice thereafter. However, some observations of cross-cutting foliations may require localized inhomogeneous shear parallel to the "new" foliation.
Toward Program Development

Hospitals and medical settings, like any organization or institution, are made of innumerable spokes that emanate from the hub and support the structure of the wheel. The hub is the philosophy or mission, the spokes the professional people within the hospital. As the wheel moves forward, the spokes blend in the eye of the observer into a solid that carries the momentum of the hub forward to its goal, in this case, quality patient care, the genius loci. Modern clinical psychology in the medical setting has become a strong spoke in that organizational wheel. The clinical psychologist and psychological programs can play an integral part in carrying out the mission of each hospital or medical setting.
Global Health-Economic Impact

As has been established, Osteosynthesis, advocated by the AO Foundation, represented a major step forward in terms of patient outcomes, certainly contributing to its rapid rise as the preferred method of treating broken limbs. The comparison to the previous ‘conservative method’ involving plaster and external fixation, was centered on the fact that patients were at much less risk for deformities or disabilities. What has not yet been demonstrated is that the Osteosynthesis treatment method is also more efficient from a health-economic point of view, which takes the total economic impact of better treatment on society into account.
Translation attenuation by minocycline enhances longevity and proteostasis in old post-stress-responsive organisms.

Aging impairs the activation of stress signaling pathways (SSPs), preventing the induction of longevity mechanisms late in life. Here, we show that the antibiotic minocycline increases lifespan and reduces protein aggregation even in old, SSP-deficient Caenorhabditis elegans by targeting cytoplasmic ribosomes, preferentially attenuating translation of highly translated mRNAs. In contrast to most other longevity paradigms, minocycline inhibits rather than activates all major SSPs and extends lifespan in mutants deficient in the activation of SSPs, lysosomal or autophagic pathways. We propose that minocycline lowers the concentration of newly synthesized aggregation-prone proteins, resulting in a relative increase in protein-folding capacity without the necessity to induce protein-folding pathways. Our study suggests that in old individuals with incapacitated SSPs or autophagic pathways, pharmacological attenuation of cytoplasmic translation is a promising strategy to reduce protein aggregation. Altogether, it provides a geroprotecive mechanism for the many beneficial effects of tetracyclines in models of neurodegenerative disease. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Identifying Predictors of Undertriage in Injured Older Adults After Implementation of Statewide Geriatric Trauma Triage Criteria.

OBJECTIVES The objective was to identify factors associated with transport of injured older adults meeting statewide geriatric trauma triage criteria to a trauma center. METHODS An observational retrospective cohort study using the 2009 to 2011 Ohio Trauma Registry. Subjects were adults ≥ 70 years old who met Ohio's geriatric triage criteria for trauma center transport by emergency medical services. We created multivariable logistic regression models to identify predictors of initial and ultimate (e.g., interfacility transfer) transport to a Level I or II trauma center and to a Level I, II, or III center. RESULTS Of 10,411 subjects, 47% were initially and 59% were ultimately transported to a Level I or II trauma center with rates of 66 and 74%, respectively, for transport to a Level I, II, or III center. For initial transport to a Level I or II center, age 80 to 89 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89), age ≥ 90 (OR = 0.76), and either only a Level 3 (OR = 0.3) or no trauma center (OR = 0.11) in county of residence had decreased odds of transport, while male sex (OR = 1.38), black race (OR = 2.07), Injury Severity Score (ISS) 10-15 (OR = 1.99), ISS > 15 (OR = 2.85), and Glasgow Coma Scale score < 9 (OR = 2.11) had increased odds. Results were similar for ultimate transport to a Level I or II center. Analyzing transport to a Level I, II, or III center demonstrated similar results except a Level III trauma center in county of residence was associated with increased odds (OR = 2.00 for initial and 2.21 for ultimate) of transport to a Level I, II, or III center. CONCLUSIONS We identified factors independently associated with failure to transport injured older adults to trauma centers in statewide data collected after adoption of geriatric triage criteria. Lack of a trauma center in the county of residence remained a factor even in analyses that included ultimate transport.
Timing of Esophagectomy after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy Affects the Incidence of Anastomotic Leaks

Background Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (nCRT) has become the standard of care for esophageal cancer patients prior to esophagectomy. However, the optimal timing for surgery after completion of nCRT remains unclear. Methods A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis for esophageal cancer at a single institution between January 2000 and June 2015. Patients were categorized into 3 cohorts: those who did not receive nCRT prior to esophagectomy (no nCRT), those who underwent esophagectomy within 35 days after nCRT (≤35d), and those who underwent esophagectomy more than 35 days after nCRT (>35d). Results A total of 366 esophagectomies were performed during the study period, and 348 patients met the inclusion criteria. Anastomotic leaks occurred in 11.8% of all patients included in the study (41 of 348). Within each cohort, anastomotic leaks were detected in 14.7% of patients (17 of 116) in the no nCRT cohort, 7.3% (13 of 177) in the ≤35d cohort, and 20.0% (11 of 55) in the >35d cohort (p=0.020). Significant differences in the occurrence of anastomotic leaks were observed between the no nCRT and ≤35d cohorts (p=0.044), and between the ≤35d and >35d cohorts (p=0.007). Conclusion Esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis within 35 days of nCRT resulted in a lower percentage of anastomotic leaks.
Minimization-Aware Recursive $$K^{*}$$ ($${ MARK}^{*}$$MAR): A Novel, Provable Algorithm that Accelerates Ensemble-Based Protein Design and Provably Approximates the Energy Landscape

Protein design algorithms that model continuous sidechain flexibility and conformational ensembles better approximate the in vitro and in vivo behavior of proteins. The previous state of the art, iMinDEE-\(A^*\)-\(K^*\), computes provable \(\varepsilon \)-approximations to partition functions of protein states (e.g., bound vs. unbound) by computing provable, admissible pairwise-minimized energy lower bounds on protein conformations and using the \(A^*\) enumeration algorithm to return a gap-free list of lowest-energy conformations. iMinDEE-A\(^*\)-\(K^*\) runs in time sublinear in the number of conformations, but can be trapped in loosely-bounded, low-energy conformational wells containing many conformations with highly similar energies. That is, iMinDEE-\(A^*\)-\(K^*\) is unable to exploit the correlation between protein conformation and energy: similar conformations often have similar energy. We introduce two new concepts that exploit this correlation: Minimization-Aware Enumeration and Recursive \(K^{*}\). We combine these two insights into a novel algorithm, Minimization-Aware Recursive \(K^{*}\) (\({ MARK}^{*}\)), that tightens bounds not on single conformations, but instead on distinct regions of the conformation space. We compare the performance of iMinDEE-\(A^*\)-\(K^*\) vs. \({ MARK}^{*}\) by running the \(BBK^*\) algorithm, which provably returns sequences in order of decreasing \(K^{*}\) score, using either iMinDEE-\(A^*\)-\(K^*\) or \({ MARK}^{*}\) to approximate partition functions. We show on 200 design problems that \({ MARK}^{*}\) not only enumerates and minimizes vastly fewer conformations than the previous state of the art, but also runs up to two orders of magnitude faster. Finally, we show that \({ MARK}^{*}\) not only efficiently approximates the partition function, but also provably approximates the energy landscape. To our knowledge, \({ MARK}^{*}\) is the first algorithm to do so. We use \({ MARK}^{*}\) to analyze the change in energy landscape of the bound and unbound states of the HIV-1 capsid protein C-terminal domain in complex with camelid V\(_{\mathrm{{H}}}\)H, and measure the change in conformational entropy induced by binding. Thus, \({ MARK}^{*}\) both accelerates existing designs and offers new capabilities not possible with previous algorithms.
Whose Fourth Amendment and Does It Matter? A Due Process Approach to Fourth Amendment Standing

Over twenty years ago, the Supreme Court announced its Fourth Amendment standing doctrine, holding that a passenger does not harbor a reasonable expectation of privacy in the automobile she occupies, and therefore, lacks the ability to challenge the admissibility of evidence found in a search of that automobile. The Court, in Rakas v. Illinois, equated “standing” with the substantive definition of a search, derived from Katz v. United States, yet so narrowly construed in the years after Katz, that much of the spirit of that revolutionary decision has been lost. Perhaps a new revolution is underway, as the Court has indicated, in its recent decision in United States v. Jones, its willingness to reexamine Katz and where it has led. This may be an opportune time to address the Court’s current standing doctrine as well. Returning to the context of Rakas, passengers have little to no Fourth Amendment protection. While Brendlin v. California provided passengers with the ability to contest their seizure as occupants of a stopped vehicle, that protection is virtually meaningless when officers can stop, and even arrest, drivers for countless traffic violations, and their subjective motivations for doing so are irrelevant. Further, at least three circuits also apply a heightened nexus approach to exclusion, which requires that passengers who are at first lawfully seized, but then unlawfully detained, demonstrate that the evidence at issue would not have been discovered but for their, and only their, detentions. Being that traffic stops account for the majority of police-citizen contacts, and that statistics show that black drivers are three times more likely than white drivers to be searched pursuant to traffic stops, it is imperative for the Court to reexamine its standing doctrine to prevent targeting of vehicles containing passengers, especially those who are black. This Article traces the evolution of the exclusionary rule from its origins in Weeks v. United States, which demonstrated a due process understanding of exclusion, to its current deterrent-based approach. The Articles urges a return to the due process model of exclusion, arguing that the structure and function of the Fourth Amendment, in the larger criminal procedure context, call for a due process understanding of that Amendment, and that, further, the Fourth Amendment is itself a due process provision. Once exclusion is seen as a personal, due process right, the Article argues that defendants should have standing to seek suppression of evidence derived from an unlawful search when that search was conducted by police with the intent of obtaining information against someone other than or in addition to the one whose direct Fourth Amendment rights were violated.
Keeping up with the Technologically Savvy Student: Student Perceptions of Audio Books.

The current generation of college students is so adapted to the digital world that they have been labeled the multi-tasking generation (Foehr, 2006; Wallis, 2006). College students routinely use di...
A Highly Digital CCO-Based Asynchronous Analog-to-Time Converter

This paper presents an asynchronous current controlled oscillator (CCO) based analog-to-time converter (ATC). The proposed ATC uses a ring oscillator as phase-domain integrator and quantizer. A negative feedback loop using current steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) relaxes linearity requirement of the CCO. The ATC output is a multi-phase pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal which can be used with continuous-time digital signal processing systems. The proposed ATC is simulated in 65nm CMOS process an √ d has a 59.2dB SNDR with an input-referred noise of 42.6nV/$\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} $ over 500kHz bandwidth while consuming 11µW from 0.5V power supply.
Metallurgy principles applied to powder bed fusion 3D printing/additive manufacturing of personalized and optimized metal and alloy biomedical implants: an overview

Abstract This overview presents a survey of the state-of-the-art of laser and electron beam powder bed fusion, 3D printing design, development, fabrication and applications of porous, or open-cellular metal and alloy personalized implants; and is particularly directed to materials and biomaterials students and professionals. Of particular importance is the application of metallurgy principles, especially the role played by traditional solidification fundamentals, in predicting and characterizing the microstructures and mechanical properties of additively manufactured implants representing a host of human skeletal reconstruction and replacement appliances. In addition to presenting important reviews highlighting very recent metallurgical processing strategies and current trends in the global development of hospital point-of-care, 3D printing centers creating surgical planning models in association with the fabrication of personalized, patient-specific implants are described.