cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A DIETARY SURVEY OF A SPECIAL OPERATION ARMED FORCE IN XINJIANG

Objective To study the nutritional status of a special operation armed force in Xinjiang,so as to provide the evidence for rational nutritional supply.Methods The dietary condition of 120 soldiers was investigated in Xinjiang.The BMI,biochemical index of serum were examined,and analyzed,and the quality of diet was estimated by using GJB 826A-2000(Daily standard of ration for PLA man) and GJB 823A-1998(Daily dietary allowances for soldier).Results The intake of energy,protein,and most of the nutrients in the soldiers was excessive.The energy supply proportion of three energetic nutrients was imbalanced,that the proportion of protein and fat was higher while carbohydrate lower than the military norm.The serum calcium in 97.5% of the soldiers(39/40) was lower than the normal.The BMI in 5.0% of the soldiers was 18.5,and 9.2% 24.0.Conclusion The diet structure is not rational,and it is necessary to improve this condition.
A Speech-Based Mobile App for Restaurant Order Recognition and Low-Burden Diet Tracking

Obesity is a public health problem in the US. Diet tracking helps control obesity but manual entry is tedious. Proposed solutions such as food recognition from photographs and scanning barcodes have limitations. We investigate the use of speech recognition for diet recording. We improved the accuracy of food order recognition at restaurants by 1 limiting words in the speech recognizer's corpus to only items on the menus of nearby restaurants 2 implementing an acoustic model to recognize the speaking style of the smartphone owner. Building on these mechanisms, we propose DietRecord, a smartphone application that automatically recognizes and records restaurant orders. Results of our user studies to evaluate DietRecord were encouraging.
Effects of crystalloid, blood, and University of Wisconsin perfusates on weight, water content, and left ventricular compliance in an edema-prone, isolated porcine heart model.

Coronary perfusion with blood and cardioplegic solutions was examined in isolated, arrested, hypothermic porcine hearts. Myocardial water content, heart weight, and left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume curves were measured before and after coronary perfusion. Statistics were based on exponential curve fitting to pressure-volume data and analysis of variance. Thirty-two pig hearts were divided into five experimental groups and a control group; after control measurements, each experimental group underwent three successive coronary perfusions with 1 L of unmodified blood or a solution of controlled osmolality, 150 mOsm/L (diluted Plegisol solution), 280 mOsm/L (Plegisol solution and albumin), 334 mOsm/L (University of Wisconsin solution), or 380 mOsm/L (Stanford solution). After each perfusion, measurements were repeated. All experiments were completed within 90 minutes. The first perfusion was delayed 20 minutes after excision of the heart to allow for instrumentation. Each experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant increase in heart weight and myocardial water content and a significant decrease in left ventricular compliance after perfusion. Changes were less pronounced with blood than crystalloids. Edema effects were minimized but not prevented by hyperosmolarity. University of Wisconsin solution appeared unique in minimizing progressive edema after the first perfusion. Over the 81 perfusions studied, changes in left ventricular compliance were linearly related to heart weight and water content. We conclude that in this model, in which edema sensitivity is increased by delayed perfusion and venous occlusion, edema is minimized but not eliminated by whole blood and University of Wisconsin solution. The model appears useful in assessing properties of cardioplegia vehicles intended for use in the injured myocardium. (J T horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992;103:504-13)
The Large-N Limits of Brownian Motions on N

We introduce a two-parameter family of diffusion processes (B N r;s (t))t 0, r;s > 0, on the general linear group GLN that are Brownian motions with respect to certain natural metrics on the group. At the same time, we introduce a two-parameter family of free Itˆ o processes (br;s(t))t 0 in a faithful, tracial W -probability space, and we prove that the process (B N (t))t 0 converges to (br;s(t))t 0 in noncommutative distribution as N ! 1 for each r;s > 0. The processes (br;s(t))t 0 interpolate between the free unitary Brownian motion when (r;s) = (1; 0), and the free multiplicative Brownian motion whenr = s = 1 ; we thus resolve the open problem of convergence of the Brownian motion on GLN posed by Philippe Biane in 1997.
Old Skills and New Practices Mean Radical Change for Library Education

Technological advances and other societal change have resulted in public libraries’ increased reliance on online resources when providing access to information. However, a portion of those served by public libraries includes members of urban poor populations who may prefer to interact with information by talking. How can library educators ensure graduates are prepared to serve these populations? Using the participatory action research method this paper reports the Oral Present research project. This project is part of an on-going study conducted to identify how public libraries studied meet the information needs of this constituency. Results reveal how current service practices involve a radical twist on using traditional collection development skills. Discussion includes recommendations to ensure library education curricula can better prepare graduates for applying age-old professional practices in radical new ways.
Sherlock Fandom: The Fandom Is Afoot

This chapter on Sherlock fandom focuses on the fan convention Sherlocked as a manifestation of economic hierarchies in fan cultures. The Holmesian oeuvre of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle sits in an uneasy position between popular and high culture, and this chapter probes this tension through the lens of SuperWhoLock as an example of fan hierarchies. This chapter ties the cultural hierarchies in SuperWhoLock fandom to the economic and class hierarchies of the convention.
The Role of Immune Response Gene and I -A Molecule in Murine Myasthenia Gravis Pathogenesis

Myasthenia gravis (MG1) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by muscle weakness. Antibody mediated destruction of muscle membrane acetylcholine receptors (AChR) is the primary pathology in MG. Because of the association of HLA-DR3 gene in MG, we studied the role of class II genes and their product in the murine model of MG, experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG), which mimics human MG in all respects. Initial studies on B10 congenic and recombinants suggested the involvement of IA subregion gene on EAMG pathogenesis. Later, evaluation of IA beta chain mutant bm12 revealed that IA molecule is one of the determinants which mediates EAMG. Recent studies pointed out that L3T4+ helper T cells, which participate in T cell response to class II antigens is required for EAMG pathogenesis. Therefore, specific therapy of MG is possible by modulating the functions of DQ/CD4 determinants, which are analogous to IA/L3T4 determinants in the mouse.
The Efficacy of Local Intraarterial Thrombolysis for Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion and Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

近年,脳主幹動脈の急性閉塞症において局所血栓溶解療法が行われ,主に中大脳動脈閉塞症についての有効性が報告されているが,内頸動脈閉塞症においてはその有効性は疑問視されている。しかし一方で,いわゆるwatershed typeの脳血流低下ではなく,中大脳動脈領域全域で脳血流低下をきたすような,側副血行が著しく乏しい内頸動脈閉塞症については,再開通が得られなければ高率に死亡する病態であるにもかかわらず,その治療法が確立していないのが現状である。今回われわれは,当院で過去5年間に行ったalteplaseによる局所血栓溶解療法患者32症例を対象に,内頸動脈閉塞15例と中大脳動脈閉塞17例の2群に分け,その有効性についてretrospectiveに比較検討した。内頸動脈閉塞症では中大脳動脈閉塞症に比べ,xenon-enhanced computed tomographyによって測定した中大脳動脈領域の局所脳血流が低値で,意識障害も重篤であった。局所血栓溶解療法における再開通率や頭蓋内出血率には両群で差を認めないものの,原病死亡(脳死)率は60%と18%,合併症死を含めた院内死亡率は80%と41%で,ともに内頸動脈閉塞症で高率であった。一方,局所血栓溶解療法によって再開通が得られ,頭蓋内出血を起こさなかった治療結果良好群と,再開通が得られなかった,もしくは頭蓋内出血を引き起こした治療結果不良群とに分けて検討したところ,内頸動脈閉塞症においてのみ治療結果が原病死亡率に直接影響を与えていることが示された。側副血行が不良な内頸動脈閉塞症は脳血流低下や意識障害の程度,および転帰において中大脳動脈閉塞症より重篤な病態である。局所血栓溶解療法の治療結果と転帰に相関が認められたのは現時点では前者においてのみであり,今後も本療法の適応病態についての詳細な検討が必要であると考えられた。
Poor response to danazol in hemophilia.

We gave danazol (600 mg/day orally for 14 days) to eight adults with mild or moderate hemophilia A, one with severe hemophilia A, and one with moderate hemophilia B. In the patient with severe hemophilia A, the levels of factor VIII two to four days after an infusion of factor VIII concentrate were higher than expected, suggesting a prolonged half- life. In one patient with mild hemophilia A, a questionable slight increase in factor VIII was noted at the end of the study. No change was seen in factor levels of other subjects. Therapy was terminated early, at eight days, in a patient who developed severe muscle cramps, and at ten days in a patient with a severe rash. Another patient developed hepatic dysfunction three days after completing the 14-day trial. In this trial, the side effects of danazol outweighed its meager and questionable benefits.
Epidemiology of infections following haploidentical peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Background The use of T-cell replete haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplant (haplo-HCT) has increased substantially since the introduction of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) regimens. Limited data exist concerning infectious complications of haplo-HCT utilizing mobilized peripheral blood (PB) hematopoietic cells. Methods This retrospective cohort study included all adult patients at our institution undergoing PB haplo-HCT with PTCy between June 2009 and June 2015. Infections were microbiologically confirmed. Invasive fungal infections (IFI) classified as “proven” or “probable” by standard definitions were included. Results In total, 104 patients were identified. Median follow up was 218 days (range: 6-1576). A total of 322 episodes of infection were recorded. Eight-nine percent of patients experienced at least one infection. Median time to first infection was 22 days. Patients experiencing at least one bacterial, viral and IFI were 62%, 72% and 6%, respectively. The majority (69%) of bacterial infections were caused by enteric organisms. Seven cases of Staphylococcus aureus infection were recorded, with one bacteremia case. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia occurred in 54/71 (76%) at-risk patients at a median time of 24 days. Sixteen (15%) patients developed CMV disease. Nineteen percent (20/104) of patients developed BK polyomavirus-associated cystitis. Six (6%) patients experienced a total of 7 IFI. Infection was the primary cause of death for 12% (6/51) of patients and was a secondary cause for 41%. Conclusion In PB haplo-HCT patients, a high incidence of CMV viremia and disease was observed. Infections with enteric bacteria were common. Fungal and staphylococcal infections were uncommon. Further studies are needed to compare infectious complications in haplo-HCT with other transplant modalities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Growth and Preservation Parameters for Preparation of a Mixed Species Culture Concentrate for Cheese Manufacture1

The production of a frozen concentrated cheese starter by batch culture fermentation of a mixed species cheese starter culture consisting of Streptococcus cremoris and Streptococcus diacetilactis was investigated. A response surface analysis to optimize growth conditions was made using 20% NaOH or 20% NH4OH as neutralizers and pH and temperature as variables. The yield of cell mass was about two-fold higher using NH4OH as the neutralizer. The optimal growth conditions for the latter were pH 6.1 to 6.5 and 24 to 27 C. Optimal balance of species of one S. diacetilactis per six S. cremoris cells was observed from a growth pH of 6.1 to 6.4 and temperatures of 23 to 26 C using NH4OH. A pH of 6.2 to 6.5 and temperature of 25 to 27 C yielded cells of highest acid-producing ability when NH4OH was the neutralizer. Cultures grown at 25 C using NH4OH were also more resistant to freezing than NaOH neutralized cultures. Glycerol was the only cryoprotective agent examined which protected the culture during freezing and...
A cluster randomized trial of a primary palliative care intervention (CONNECT) for patients with advanced cancer: Protocol and key design considerations.

Background The addition of specialty palliative care to standard oncology care improves outcomes for patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers, but many lack access to specialty care services. Primary palliative care—meaning basic palliative care services provided by clinicians who are not palliative care specialists—is an alternative approach that has not been rigorously evaluated.
Evaluation of a pharmacist-driven oral chemotherapy adherence program.

6569 Background: Oral anticancer drug therapy has increased: about 1/3 of new oncology drugs in development are for oral administration. The question of adherence may complicate interpretation of r...
16 MHz wavelength-swept and wavelength-stepped laser architectures based on stretched-pulse active mode locking with a single continuously chirped fiber Bragg grating.

We demonstrate a novel high-speed and broadband laser architecture based on stretched pulse active mode locking that provides a wavelength-swept and wavelength-stepped output. The laser utilizes a single intracavity 8.3 meter chirped fiber Bragg grating to generate positive and negative dispersion, and can be operated with or without an intracavity fixed Fabry–Perot etalon to generate wavelength-swept and wavelength-stepped (frequency comb) outputs, respectively. Using a four-path delay line at the output, we achieved 16.3 MHz repetition rates and a 62 nm lasing bandwidth centered at 1550 nm. Single-sided double-pass coherence lengths of 1.25 mm for the wavelength-swept configuration and more than 30 mm for the wavelength-stepped configuration were obtained. Relative intensity noise was measured to be better than −140 dB/Hz. The stretched-pulse mode-locked architecture utilizing long chirped fiber Bragg gratings offers a simple and compact design for a broadband wavelength-tuned output at unprecedented speeds, and can address the need for fast sources in applications such as optical ranging, imaging, and sensing.
The Clinical Presentation of Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis: A Case Series from Yetebon, Ethiopia

Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis is a chronic fungal infection usually found on the lower extremity and feet of agricultural workers in the tropics. It can present with various skin manifestations, verrucous to nodular plaques, and is caused by multiple species of fungi. Laboratory confirmation requires skin samples for pathology and fungal cultures. Cure, often difficult in resource-poor countries, requires months of antifungal therapy. We describe the cases of three men from Ethiopia who were seen and are being treated by American doctors who traveled there on a medical mission.
The usefulness of stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) in the surgical management of focal epilepsy associated with “hidden” temporal pole encephalocele: a case report and literature review

The authors report a case of 18-year-old woman with partial complex seizures compatible with temporal epilepsy by semiology. Due to medical refractoriness, she was referred to pre-surgical evaluation. Initially, MRI showed no significant structural abnormality and superficial scalp EEG demonstrated epileptiform activity in the frontotemporal areas. Due to the lack of clear MRI abnormalities and the potential involvement of dominant mesial temporal structures by seizure semiology and non-invasive data, extra-operative invasive evaluation using stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) methodology was indicated. Invasive monitoring demonstrated seizure onset in the left temporal pole with early spread to ipsilateral amygdala. Surgical treatment resulted in resection of the temporal pole and amygdala, with preservation of the remaining mesial temporal lobe structures. Intraoperatively, it was observed that multiple dural defects in the anterior middle temporal fossa with invagination of adjacent temporal pole parenchyma are compatible with temporal encephalocele. Patient remains seizure-free since surgery (12 months follow-up period) with preservation of neuropsychological functions. Although temporal pole resection plus amygdalohippocampectomy has been described as an adequate surgical approach in temporal encephalocele cases, we demonstrated the usefulness of the SEEG methodology in minimizing the volume of temporal lobe resection without compromising seizure and neuropsychological outcomes. The optimal results in this case and the review of the literature may suggest that in medically refractory epilepsies caused by temporal pole encephaloceles, preservation of the temporal lobe mesial structures should be attempted.
Optimization and validation of accelerated golden-angle radial sparse MRI reconstruction with self-calibrating GRAPPA operator gridding

Purpose Golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) MRI reconstruction requires gridding and regridding to transform data between radial and Cartesian k-space. These operations are repeatedly performed in each iteration, which makes the reconstruction computationally demanding. This work aimed to accelerate GRASP reconstruction using self-calibrating GRAPPA operator gridding (GROG) and to validate its performance in clinical imaging. Methods GROG is an alternative gridding approach based on parallel imaging, in which k-space data acquired on a non-Cartesian grid are shifted onto a Cartesian k-space grid using information from multicoil arrays. For iterative non-Cartesian image reconstruction, GROG is performed only once as a preprocessing step. Therefore, the subsequent iterative reconstruction can be performed directly in Cartesian space, which significantly reduces computational burden. Here, a framework combining GROG with GRASP (GROG-GRASP) is first optimized and then compared with standard GRASP reconstruction in 22 prostate patients. Results GROG-GRASP achieved approximately 4.2-fold reduction in reconstruction time compared with GRASP (∼333 min versus ∼78 min) while maintaining image quality (structural similarity index ≈ 0.97 and root mean square error ≈ 0.007). Visual image quality assessment by two experienced radiologists did not show significant differences between the two reconstruction schemes. With a graphics processing unit implementation, image reconstruction time can be further reduced to approximately 14 min. Conclusion The GRASP reconstruction can be substantially accelerated using GROG. This framework is promising toward broader clinical application of GRASP and other iterative non-Cartesian reconstruction methods. Magn Reson Med 80:286-293, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
College and Career Readiness of Southeast Asian American College Students in New England

This study discusses the college and career readiness among full-time Southeast Asian American college students in a 4-year public university in New England. Our study consisted of surveys (n = 58)...
How Omics Data Can Be Used in Nephrology

Advances in technology and computing now permit the high-throughput analysis of multiple domains of biological information, including the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. These omics approaches, particularly comprehensive analysis of the genome, have catalyzed major discoveries in science and medicine, including in nephrology. However, they also generate large complex data sets that can be difficult to synthesize from a clinical perspective. This article seeks to provide an overview that makes omics technologies relevant to the practicing nephrologist, framing these tools as an extension of how we approach patient care in the clinic. More specifically, omics technologies reinforce the impact that genetic mutations can have on a range of kidney disorders, expand the catalogue of uremic molecules that accumulate in blood with kidney failure, enhance our ability to scrutinize urine beyond urinalysis for insight on renal pathology, and enable more extensive characterization of kidney tissue when a biopsy is performed. Although assay methodologies vary widely, all omics technologies share a common conceptual framework that embraces unbiased discovery at the molecular level. Ultimately, the application of these technologies seeks to elucidate a more mechanistic and individualized approach to the diagnosis and treatment of human disease.
[Foot and ankle tumours : Part I: overview of incidence, diagnosis and staging of pedal tumours].

Clinical issue Foot and ankle tumours are rare. Part I of this paper provides a survey about tumour distribution regarding age and location of benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumours. Standard radiological methods All diagnostic radiological procedures are used for the diagnostic work-up of pedal tumours, in particular plain radiography, MRI, and ultrasonography. Methodical innovations Dual-energy CT proves to be a valuable (differential) diagnostic tool in identifying urate dihydrate crystals. Performance There are no reliable numbers available on accuracy of the aforementioned diagnostic procedures regarding tumour detection and identification. This is particularly true for soft tissue tumours which are small and well-defined, thus requiring histological clarification. Achievements To evaluate pedal tumours correctly and reasonably, a full range of radiological diagnostics should be employed. Neither plain radiography alone nor a stand-alone MRI examination-depending on the tumour site-are sufficient to characterize such tumours including staging. Practical recommendations Plain radiography remains the first-choice imaging modality. Ultrasonography is superior to reliably detect and identify ganglion cysts. MRI, however, continues to remain the upmost diagnostic modality of choice for evaluating foot and ankle tumours. CT possesses unchallanged diagnostic power to assess osseous changes. Bone scintigraphy (including SPECT-CT) and FDG-PET imaging are used when multifocal distribution or metastatic disease are suspected or to detect avidity of the pedal lesions, respectively.
Formal Human Resource Management Functions and Firm Effectiveness

This symposium proposal aims to reinvigorate the investigation of the role of formal HRM functions in strategic HRM (SHRM) research. The majority of recent SHRM research has investigated the influe...
Hindcasting community-level building damage for the 2011 Joplin EF5 tornado

Resiliency of communities prone to natural hazards can be enhanced through the use of risk-informed decision-making tools. These tools can provide community decision makers key information, thereby providing them the ability to consider an array of mitigation and/or recovery strategies. The Center for Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning, headquartered at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, developed an Interdependent Networked Community Resilience (IN-CORE) computational environment. The purpose of developing this computational environment is to build a decision-support system, for professional risk planners and emergency responders, but even more focused on allowing researchers to explore community resilience science. The eventual goal was being to integrate a broad range of scientific, engineering and observational data to produce a detailed assessment of the potential impact of natural and man-made hazards for risk mitigation, planning and recovery purposes. The developing computational environment will be capable of simulating the effects from different natural hazards on the physical and socioeconomic sectors of a community, accounting for interdependencies between the sectors. However, in order to validate this computational tool, hindcasting of a real event was deemed necessary. Therefore, in this study, the community of Joplin, Missouri in the USA, which was hit by an EF-5 tornado on May 22, 2011, is modeled in the IN-CORE v1.0 computational environment. An explanation of the algorithm used within IN-CORE is also provided. This tornado was the costliest and deadliest single tornado in the USA in the last half century. Using IN-CORE, by uploading a detailed topological dataset of the community and the estimated tornado path combined with recently developed physics-based tornado fragilities, the damage caused by the tornado to all buildings in the city of Joplin was estimated. The results were compared with the damage reported from field studies following the event. This damage assessment was done using three hypothetical idealized tornado scenarios, and results show very good correlation with observed damage which will provide useful information to decision makers for community resilience planning.
Diurnal variation of precipitation over the Indo-China Peninsula

The diurnal variation of precipitation over the Indo-China Peninsula is investigated using a two-dimensional, nonhydrostatic, and cloud-resolving numerical model. The model is initialized by the climatological monthly mean vertical profiles of zonal flow, temperature and humidity at the center of the Indo-China Peninsula in June. The model successfully simulates the diurnal variation of precipitation. The simulated diurnal variation is as follows: convection is activated at the lee-side foot of two mountainous regions located at the west and middle of Thailand in the evening of each day; activated clouds then are organized into squall lines that travel eastward during the night at about 5-10 m s -1 . These squall lines weaken around midnight. It is concluded that the solar-synchronized life cycle of the squall lines and their eastward movement cause the nighttime maximum of the precipitation over the inland area of the Indo-China Peninsula. High resolution analysis of a convective activity index calculated from the GMS IR data over the Peninsula supports this conclusion.
Paths to a World with More Reliable Nuclear Safeguards

The possibility of further growth in the number of countries having overt nuclear weapons capability calls for reexamination of the role of security measures—often called “nuclear materials safeguards.” The effectiveness of safeguards in reducing proliferation risks depends on timely application of safeguards as well as the specific attributes of the national and international safeguards systems and procedures. Effectiveness also depends on which specific aspects of “proliferation” are actually amenable to effective international safeguards measures. The issue of proliferation of nuclear weapons and its relationship to nuclear energy use involves several basic topics: In the context that “proliferation” encompasses at least four different aspects that may require distinct approaches and policies (see Chapter 11) In the context of the regulatory process, by which the perceived risks to society are managed In the context of the realistic options and objectives for a realistically attainable world nuclear control structure
Applying Geochronology in Predictive Digital Mapping of Soils

Explicitly adding time (geochronology) to the rubric of digital soil mapping enhances the results and accuracy of predictive maps for initial and update soil surveys. Experiments were performed on a data set used in the prediction of soils in the initial Malheur County soil survey, Oregon. Geochronological information was derived from (1) independently compiled Quaternary geological maps, (2) age point data, and (3) remotely sensed data. These data were incorporated in decision-tree analysis as area-class data in raster format. Experimental area consists largely of fluvial, lacustrine and/or volcanic materials and landforms. Expert soil survey maps are used as reference in making predictions with and without implicit or explicit age information. Addition of geochronological data produces predictive maps that are most closely aligned with expert maps. Improvements afforded by predictive soils mapping may be of greater magnitude in areas where the age stratification of the landscape is not obvious to the soil surveyor. Layers representing palaeogeographical changes in surficial processes and palaeoclimatological events may provide further enhancements.
ROLE OF CATECHOLAMINES IN BULBOSPINAL SYMPATHETIC PATHWAYS

The systematic alterations of peripherally and intraspinally evoked sympathetic discharges in spinal cats by drugs affecting central catecholaminergic transmission indicate that bulbospinal norepinephrine neurons provide excitatory drive to sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Bulbospinal serotonergic neurons appear to be inhibitory.
Malay Customary Law and the Family

The term Malay custom or “adat Melayu” is often confused or misunderstood to mean merely the habit, usage and the tradition of the Malay people. This is largely untrue. Custom in the days gone by was the institution whose laws and usage regulated the social, political and constitutional pattern of the government of the day. Those laws were expressed in hallowed maxims of great antiquity.
Face Box Shape and Verification

Successful face verification and recognition require matching corresponding points in a pair of images, and it is commonly acknowledged that alignment is a critical step prior to matching. Once aligned, a portion of the image can be compared or features can be extracted. This portion of the image, which we will call the face box, is often just the output of a face detector. While a good deal of effort has been devoted to alignment, the choice of face box has been largely neglected. This paper presents the first systematic study of the shape and size of the face box on face verification accuracy. We use representative algorithms on a dataset that allows for experimentation with differing 3-D pose, blur, noise, misalignment, and background clutter. The experiments lead to clear conclusions and recommendations that can improve the accuracy of other face recognition methods and guide future research.
Burden of Urological Complications in Men and Women With Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Cohort

OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes has been associated with high rates of urinary and sexual problems, but the cumulative burden and overlap of these complications are unknown. We sought to determine prevalence of urological complications in persons with type 1 diabetes, associations with clinical and diabetes-related factors, and rates of emergence, persistence, and remission. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This ancillary longitudinal study among participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and observational follow-up study Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (652 women and 713 men) was conducted in 2003 and 2010/2011. Urinary incontinence (UI), lower–urinary tract symptoms, urinary tract infection, female sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, low male sexual desire, and orgasmic dysfunction were measured with validated instruments. Logistic regression determined association of complications with demographics and clinical characteristics. RESULTS Of sexually active women completing the 2010/2011 survey, 35% reported no complications, 39% had one, 19% two, 5% three, and 2% four. In men, 31% had no complications, 36% had one, 22% two, 9% three, and 3% four. Sexual dysfunction was most prevalent (42% women and 45% men) followed by UI in women (31%) and low sexual desire in men (40%). Urological complications were associated with age, BMI, and HbA 1c . Remission rates ranged from 4 to 12% over the 7-year interval between surveys. CONCLUSIONS Urological complications are prevalent and frequently co-occur in persons with type 1 diabetes. Remission rates in a minority subset indicate a rationale for future studies to mitigate the onset or impact of urological complications of diabetes.
Redox-active molecules as electrical dopants for OLED transport materials (Conference Presentation)

Electrical doping of organic semiconductors increases conductivity and reduces injection barriers from electrode materials, both of which effects can improve the performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the low electron affinities of typical OLED electron-transport materials make the identification of suitable n-dopants particularly challenging; electropositive metals such as the alkali metals are not easily handled and form monoatomic ions that are rather mobile in host materials, whereas molecular dopants that operate as simple one-electron reductants must have low ionization energies, which leads to severe air sensitivity. This presentation will discuss approaches to circumventing this issue by coupling electron transfer to other chemical reactivity. In particular, dimers formed by certain highly reducing organometallic sandwich compounds and organic radicals can be handled in air, yet have effective reducing potentials, corresponding to formation of the corresponding monomeric cations and contribution of two electrons to the semiconductor, of ca. –2.0 V vs. ferrocene. These values fall a little short of what is required for typical OLED materials; approaches to further extending the doping reach of these dimers will be described. One such approach involving photoirradiation of a dimer:semiconductor blend leads to metastable doping of a material with a redox potential of –2.24 V, which allows the fabrication of efficient OLEDs in which even high-workfunction electrodes, such as indium tin oxide, can be used as electron-injection contacts.
Towards quantitative and multiplexed in vivo functional cancer genomics

Large-scale sequencing of human tumours has uncovered a vast array of genomic alterations. Genetically engineered mouse models recapitulate many features of human cancer and have been instrumental in assigning biological meaning to specific cancer-associated alterations. However, their time, cost and labour-intensive nature limits their broad utility; thus, the functional importance of the majority of genomic aberrations in cancer remains unknown. Recent advances have accelerated the functional interrogation of cancer-associated alterations within in vivo models. Specifically, the past few years have seen the emergence of CRISPR-Cas9-based strategies to rapidly generate increasingly complex somatic alterations and the development of multiplexed and quantitative approaches to ascertain gene function in vivo.
Assessing parameter identifiability in compartmental dynamic models using a computational approach: application to infectious disease transmission models.

Mathematical modeling is now frequently used in outbreak investigations to understand underlying mechanisms of infectious disease dynamics, assess patterns in epidemiological data, and forecast the trajectory of epidemics. However, the successful application of mathematical models to guide public health interventions lies in the ability to reliably estimate model parameters and their corresponding uncertainty. Here, we present and illustrate a simple computational method for assessing parameter identifiability in compartmental epidemic models. We describe a parametric bootstrap approach to generate simulated data from dynamical systems to quantify parameter uncertainty and identifiability. We calculate confidence intervals and mean squared error of estimated parameter distributions to assess parameter identifiability. To demonstrate this approach, we begin with a low-complexity SEIR model and work through examples of increasingly more complex compartmental models that correspond with applications to pandemic influenza, Ebola, and Zika. Overall, parameter identifiability issues are more likely to arise with more complex models (based on number of equations/states and parameters). As the number of parameters being jointly estimated increases, the uncertainty surrounding estimated parameters tends to increase, on average, as well. We found that, in most cases, R0 is often robust to parameter identifiability issues affecting individual parameters in the model. Despite large confidence intervals and higher mean squared error of other individual model parameters, R0 can still be estimated with precision and accuracy. Because public health policies can be influenced by results of mathematical modeling studies, it is important to conduct parameter identifiability analyses prior to fitting the models to available data and to report parameter estimates with quantified uncertainty. The method described is helpful in these regards and enhances the essential toolkit for conducting model-based inferences using compartmental dynamic models.
2469: Streamlining study design and statistical analysis for quality improvement and research reproducibility

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Key factors causing irreproducibility of research include those related to inappropriate study design methodologies and statistical analysis. In modern statistical practice irreproducibility could arise due to statistical (false discoveries, p-hacking, overuse/misuse of p-values, low power, poor experimental design) and computational (data, code and software management) issues. These require understanding the processes and workflows practiced by an organization, and the development and use of metrics to quantify reproducibility. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Within the Foundation of Discovery – Population Health Research, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Utah, we are undertaking a project to streamline the study design and statistical analysis workflows and processes. As a first step we met with key stakeholders to understand the current practices by eliciting example statistical projects, and then developed process information models for different types of statistical needs using Lucidchart. We then reviewed these with the Foundation’s leadership and the Standards Committee to come up with ideal workflows and model, and defined key measurement points (such as those around study design, analysis plan, final report, requirements for quality checks, and double coding) for assessing reproducibility. As next steps we are using our finding to embed analytical and infrastructural approaches within the statisticians’ workflows. This will include data and code dissemination platforms such as Box, Bitbucket, and GitHub, documentation platforms such as Confluence, and workflow tracking platforms such as Jira. These tools will simplify and automate the capture of communications as a statistician work through a project. Data-intensive process will use process-workflow management platforms such as Activiti, Pegasus, and Taverna. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: These strategies for sharing and publishing study protocols, data, code, and results across the spectrum, active collaboration with the research team, automation of key steps, along with decision support. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This analysis of statistical methods and process and computational methods to automate them ensure quality of statistical methods and reproducibility of research.
An index of fisheries closures due to harmful algal blooms and a framework for identifying vulnerable fishing communities on the U.S. West Coast

Abstract Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a significant threat to coastal communities and their economies. They cause economic losses associated with lost fisheries landings and tourism revenue, food insecurity from loss of subsistence harvest activities, disruption of cultural practices, and loss of community identity and social interactions tied to coastal resource use. In 2015, an unprecedented bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia occurred along the U.S. West Coast, producing record high concentrations of the toxin domoic acid (DA). Widespread and prolonged fisheries closures resulted, including closures of the lucrative Dungeness crab fishery, generating an economic shock for fishery-dependent communities. To estimate the socioeconomic impacts of the closures and to compare the 2015 DA event with other events, an index was constructed that quantifies lost fishing opportunities due to toxic HABs for 17 fishing communities on the West Coast from 2005 through 2016. An examination of the HAB index shows that the 2015 DA event caused the longest duration and most geographically widespread fisheries closures on record. Communities most vulnerable to the closures of the Dungeness crab fishery were identified using indices of community social vulnerability and fishery dependence. Of the 17 fishing communities examined here, the communities of Crescent City, Fort Bragg and Moss Landing in California had the highest social vulnerability, were the most dependent on the Dungeness crab fishery, and were the most deprived of their Dungeness crab fishing opportunities; as such, these communities may have been the least resilient to the economic shock generated by the 2015 DA event.
Financial burden and quality of life among thyroid cancer survivors.

Abstract Background Survivors of cancer in the United States are often financially encumbered by expenses and lost wages from cancer treatment. The majority of patients with thyroid cancer are diagnosed before age 65, when they are not eligible for Medicare. We hypothesized that financial distress would be common among thyroid cancer survivors and would be associated with poor health-related quality of life. Methods A financial distress questionnaire and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (29-item) were completed online by 1,743 adult thyroid cancer survivors living in the United States. Multivariable modeling was used to identify variables which independently predicted poor health-related quality of life. The magnitude of predicted change was estimated by β coefficients and 95% confidence intervals. A β ≥3 was considered clinically significant; α was set at 0.01. Results Financial difficulties were reported by 43% of thyroid cancer survivors and were associated with worse anxiety (β = 5.07; P Conclusion Financial distress and negative financial events were common among thyroid cancer survivors and were associated with poorer health-related quality of life across 5 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System health domains.
An Unusual Cause of Hypoxia: Ventricular Septal Defect, Pulmonary Artery Atresia, and Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals Diagnosed in the Adult Cardiac Catheterization Lab

The association of pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect (VSD) and major aortopulmonary collaterals (MAPCA) is an extreme form of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). It carries a high mortality risk if not intervened on during infancy with only 20% of unoperated patients surviving into adulthood. We present the case of a 40-year-old man who presented for evaluation prior to retinal surgery and was found to have hypoxia and a loud murmur. Cardiac catheterization was performed in the general catheterization laboratory, demonstrating a membranous VSD, pulmonary atresia, and MAPCA. We highlight the challenges and limitations that an adult interventional cardiologist may have when encountering these patients.
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) for Preventing Hospitalization for Heart Failure.

Dapagliflozin can be added to existing treatment to reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes who have established CVD or are at high risk of CVD. It may also decrease the risk of renal disease progression and death from renal failure.
DIY in Pandemic Times: Design Leadership During COVID-19

COVID-19 will have lasting impact upon our teaching methodologies and learning outcomes, from primary school through higher education. For design schools specifically, this pandemic has reinforced ...
Multi-band SWIR-MWIR-LWIR Type-II superlattice based infrared photodetector

Abstract Type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices (T2SLs) has drawn a lot of attention since it was introduced in 1970, especially for infrared detection as a system of multi-interacting quantum wells. In recent years, T2SL material system has experienced incredible improvements in material quality, device structure designs and device fabrication process, which elevated the performances of T2SL-based photo-detectors to a comparable level to the state-of-the-art material systems for infrared detection such as Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT). As a pioneer in the field, center for quantum devices (CQD) has been involved in growth, design, characterization, and introduction of T2SL material system for infrared photodetection. In this review paper, we will present the latest development of bias-selectable multi-band infrared photodetectors at the CQD, based on InAs/GaSb/AlSb and InAs/InAs1-xSbx type-II superlattice.
Multimodal detection of protein isoforms and nucleic acids from mouse pre-implantation embryos

Although mammalian embryo development depends on critical protein isoforms that arise from embryo-specific nucleic acid modifications, the role of these isoforms is not yet clear. Challenges arise in measuring protein isoforms and nucleic acids from the same single embryos and blastomeres. Here we present a multimodal technique for performing same-embryo nucleic acid and protein isoform profiling (single-embryo nucleic acid and protein profiling immunoblot, or snapBlot). The method integrates protein isoform measurement by fractionation polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (fPAGE) with off-chip analysis of nucleic acids from the nuclei. Once embryos are harvested and cultured to the desired stage, they are sampled into the snapBlot device and subjected to fPAGE. After fPAGE, 'gel pallets' containing nuclei are excised from the snapBlot device for off-chip nucleic acid analyses. fPAGE and nuclei analyses are indexed to each starting sample, yielding same-embryo multimodal measurements. The entire protocol, including processing of samples and data analysis, takes 2-3 d. snapBlot is designed to help reveal the mechanisms by which embryo-specific nucleic acid modifications to both genomic DNA and messenger RNA orchestrate the growth and development of mammalian embryos.
An Austrian View of Expectations and the Business Cycles

Austrian economists have contributed several important concepts to business cycle theory including: inter-temporal coordination of production and consumption, heterogeneous specificity of capital, nonneutrality of money, and the capital structure of production. Noticeably lacking, however, is a clear theory of expectations. Austrians should develop such a theory, one where expectations are endogenous to the market process and market institutions, because it will improve our understanding of business cycles. An endogenous theory of expectations explores how people adapt their expectations to changing market phenomena based upon their perceived costs and benefits of doing so. It supplants, to some extent, recent Austrian responses to rational expectations critiques such as positing a prisoner's dilemma, heterogeneous entrepreneurs, and adverse selection. This paper sketches a framework for thinking about endogenous expectations and uses it to examine the 2008 financial crisis.
Construction of finite tight frames via singular value decomposition

Finite tight frames are used widely for many applications. An important problem is to construct finite frames containing specified elements as needed in real world applications. In this paper we pr...