cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15454: Inhibition of Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin by Heterozygous Deletion of Raptor Ameliorates Pressure-overload Induced Heart Failure and the Associated Proteomics Remodeling

Background: We reported that inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) by short-term rapamycin or caloric restriction ameliorates age-dependent cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Although inhibition of mTOR signaling is well known to regulate metabolism and suppress protein synthesis, the mechanisms of beneficial effect of mTOR inhibition in cardiac hypertrophy and failure are not fully understood. Method: To investigate the mechanisms underlying beneficial effect of mTOR inhibition, we used the transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart failure model and examined the effect of heterozygous deletion of Raptor (Raptor het), a component of mTOR complex 1, and transgenic overexpression of cardiac specific wild type or mutant 4EBP1, one of the main downstream target of mTOR complex 1. Global proteomics analysis was performed using an improved label-free quantitative shotgun approach, followed by Ingenuity Pathway analysis. Results: In wild-type mice with TAC-induced heart failure, global proteomics analysis revealed decreased abundance of proteins involved in mitochondrial function, electron transport chain, citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism and increased abundance of proteins involved in several signaling pathways (RhoA, actin, integrin) as well as oxidative stress response and protein ubiquitin pathways. Raptor het attenuate TAC induced heart failure, accompanied by better preservation of proteomics remodeling, especially the proteins involved in mitochondrial function, citric acid cycle and protein ubiquitination pathways. In contrast, either transgenic overexpression of wild type 4EBP1 or mutant 4EBP1 abolish the adaptive hypertrophy in response to TAC by suppressing protein translation, and thereby aggravate heart failure, in parallel with adverse remodeling of left ventricular proteomes. Neonatal cardiomyocyte experiments reveal that PGC1-α and Sirt3 are among the candidate signaling mechanisms linking the mTOR inhibition and mitochondrial metabolism. Conclusion: mTOR inhibition by Raptor heterozygous deletion, but not overexpression of 4EBP1, ameliorates TAC-induced heart failure and associated with better preservation of mitochondrial proteome.
Neutralization and precipitation of the virus of avian erythromyeloblastosis with serum of hyperimmunized chickens.

SummaryChickens have been hyper immunized with formolized concentrates of the virus of avian erythromyeloblastic leukosis together with the untreated plasma of diseased birds containing the agent in high concentration. The resulting immune serums strongly neutralized the infectious properties of the virus and precipitated the characteristic virus particles as observed macroscopically and corroborated by electron micrographs of the precipitates. Precipitation of the virus particles was associated with proportional precipitation of the enzyme activity of the virus to dephosphorylate adenosine triphosphate. The findings constitute the critical specific criterion needed to establish the particles as the virus and the enzyme as a component inseparable, by all methods yet tried, from these virus particles.
Tissue abnormalities in newborn rats from vitamin B12 deficient mothers.

ConclusionsFemale rats deprived of B12, from before the time of mating until the end of gestation, produced deficient and weak progeny. This was shown in weights well below normal and arrested development proportionate to the subnormal weights. The defects involved vascular blocks especially in the liver with consequent passive congestion. The heart and kidneys were immature. Proximal convoluted tubules became blocked and transformed into distended tubules histologically like distal tubules. Spleens showed a loss of primitive reticular cells and transformation into large densely chromatic and pyknotic cells. The origin of the fat by which the liver sinusoids were blocked is not known.
TiN Metallization Barriers: From 1.2μ to 0.35μ Technology

The evolution of modern integrated circuit technology to sub micron dimensions has brought about a number of challenges, specially in the field of metallization. Decreasing junction depths have imposed stringent demands on the materials used for the electrical contacts. This is due to the potential interactions between the contact metal and silicon (or suicide in the case of salicide processes) causing junction leakage and/or shorting. The solution most commonly applied to this problem is that in which a barrier material is interposed between the metallization and the contact. The material most often selected for this purpose has been TiN. TiN can be deposited via the reactive sputtering of Ti in a N 2 atmosphere or it can be also obtained by sputtering Ti and then reacting it with either N 2 or NH 3 . Shrinking VLSI dimensions have brought about the need for improved planarization for the purposes of metal definition. It has also prevented the tapering of contacts for space saving reasons. Both of these issues resulted in deep, straight wall contacts with aspect ratios greater than 1 that cannot be metallized appropriately with conventional sputtering techniques. These requirements have driven the development of a conformai CVD TiN barrier process. This paper describes the evolution of the TiN metallization barrier from the requirements of 1.2μ to 0.35μ technologies.
Bridging Classroom to Experiential Learning: A Review of Signature Pedagogies in Two Disciplines

The focus of this review is to promote and advance discussions on the importance of applied learning techniques in bridging the gap between the classroom and the real world experiences, by reviewing the empirically identified benefits and limitations of two signature pedagogies. The authors conclude that it may be advantageous to develop a set of shared standards flowing from lessons learned in the application of applied learning approaches across the curriculum. The authors also suggest students should be encouraged to participate in experiential education to liberate their thinking and gain practical work experience. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/HEAd15.2015.294
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF OSMIUM(II) COMPOUNDS OF STOICHIOMETRY (C5ME5)OSL2BR, (C5ME5)OSL2H, AND (C5ME5)OS(NO)BR2

The preparations of several new (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)osmium(II) complexes from the osmium(III) compound (C5Me5)2Os2Br4 are described; among these are phosphine and alkene complexes of stoichiometry (C5Me5)OsL2Br and (C5Me5)OsL2H as well as the nitrosyl complex (C5Me5)Os(NO)Br2. Treatment of (C5Me5)2Os2Br4 with PPh3 in ethanol or PMe3 in dichloromethane affords the osmium(II) complexes (C5Me5)OsL2Br, where L = PPh3 or PMe3; the 1,5-cyclooctadiene complex (C5Me5)Os(cod)Br can be made similarly in ethanol. Treatment of either the PPh3 or cod complex with other tertiary phosphines in refluxing heptane affords several other compounds of this class: (C5Me5)OsL2Br, where L = PEt3, 1/2 Me2PCH2PMe2, 1/2 Me2PCH2CH2PMe2, or 1/2 Ph2PCH2PPh2. These bromoosmium(II) species serve as excellent starting materials for the preparation of other osmium(II) complexes. For example, treatment with NaBH4 in ethanol or with NaOMe in methanol affords the hydrides (C5Me5)OsL2H, where L = PMe3, PEt3, PPh3, 1/2 cod, 1/2 Me2PC...
Weak Signal Detection Method Based on Lock-In Amplifier

A digital lock-in amplifier is designed based on correlation detection principle,it focused on the relation between sample frequency and correlation operation result. It is find that there exists inherent error in correlation operation when reference signal is square wave and the signal frequency has a relationship with sample frequency.To reduce the error,it introduced a dynamic sample to design digital lock-in amplifier at the first time,the result showed that the more the number of sample frequencies,the less the singularity error. Simulation and test to the designed detecting system were got based on LabVIEW software,the result showed that the digital lock-in amplifier can detect the signal which frequency is under 500 kHz effectively when signal amplitude is 5 V,standard deviation of the noise is less than 50( SNR =-34. 04 dB),and the proportional error between system test result and theoretical value are mainly under 2%.
Regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in the isolated rat heart stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide or reactive oxygen.

Reperfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass causes induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated plasma levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and production of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF) by the heart. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-KB) regulates the expression of TNF. Because NF-KB is activated by both LPS and ROS, we hypothesized that an inhibitor of NF-KB, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), would block release of TNF from the heart stimulated by these two agents. With Institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) approval, rat hearts were perfused Langendorf style. LPS was infused and ROS were generated with a hypoxanthine/ xanthine oxidase system. PDTC was added to the perfusion buffer. Other hearts were treated with forskolin in order to elevate cyclic AMP. Timed collections of coronary effluent were made for the determination of coronary flow and measurement of TNF. LPS stimulated TNF release to a maximum of 2247 ± 133 pg/min at 150 minutes. PDTC inhibited LPS-stimulated TNF release. For instance, at 150 minutes, LPS-stimulated TNF release was 449 ± 49 pg/min with 100μM PDTC and was 70 ± 65 pg/mL with 250pM PDTC (P < 0.05 vs LPS alone). ROS stimulated TNF release was 1494 ± 130 pg/min at 150 minutes and was not affected by PDTC. Forskolin almost completely blocked TNF release stimulated by LPS or ROS. These data are consistent with the notion that inhibitors of NF-KB block cytokine production stimulated by some agents but not others.
New Frontiers of Large Scale Multimedia Information Retrieval

Multimedia information retrieval aims to automatically extract useful information from large collection of images, videos, and combinations with other data like text and speech. As reported in recent news, it's now possible to search information over millions or more of products with just an example image on the mobile phone. Intelligent apps are being deployed by major companies to automatically generate keywords or even captions of an image at a sophistication level that could not be imagined before. In this talk, I will review core technologies involved and discuss challenges and opportunities ahead. First, to address the complexity bottleneck when scaling up the data size, I will present extremely compact hash codes and deep learning image classification models that can reduce complexity by orders of magnitude while preserving approximate accuracy. Second, to support easy extension of recognition systems to new domains, instead of relying on fixed image categories, we introduce a new paradigm to automatically discover unique multimodal concepts and structures using large amounts of multimedia data available. Last, to support emerging applications beyond basic image categorization, I will discuss on-going efforts in understanding how images are used in expressing sentiments and emotions in online social media and how languages/cultures may influence such online multimedia communication.
Physics legends II

In my column in November 2006 (p16), I discussed stories from the history of science that we repeat even when we suspect that they are wrong.
Observation of surface-state transport in ultrathin Sb

We report magnetotransport studies of ultrathin Sb films. Sb has been identified as a topologically nontrivial element; as a semimetal, however, the interior states dominate the transport in bulk samples. In the ultrathin films studied here, quantum confinement suppresses the interior transport such that surface transport accounts for about $15%$ of the conduction in 10-bilayer-thick Sb structures. For thicknesses between 5 and 16 bilayers, the conduction increases linearly with film thickness, extrapolating to a finite remnant conductivity at zero film thickness. Weak antilocalization (WAL) is observed at low magnetic fields with thickness independent values of the phase breaking length and prefactor ($\ensuremath{\alpha}$) implying surface transport coupled to residual interior conduction. At high fields we see an evolution of the magnetoresistance (MR) field dependence from parabolic to sublinear as a function of film thickness. The data are reproduced by a simple model combining parallel parabolic MR from the interior and WAL from the surface.
The Fickle Hand of Fate

Much of life in the Middle Ages is no more explicable than contemporary society. Issues of fate and chance appear to dominate daily life in the medieval period and questions around cause and effect flounder on the shoals of coincidence and luck. The wheel of fortune continued to turn and the literary demon Titivillus recorded every event and every word while maintaining comprehensive records for the day of judgement. Beneath the shifting sands of fate and fortune were ideas of order, divine will, religious conviction, and practice. Fear and anxiety were not allayed by the church and this book has argued that metahistorical explanations cannot suffice. Churches and religious houses were in fact only one facet of religious beliefs and practices in medieval Europe.
An untargeted metabolomics method for archived newborn dried blood spots in epidemiologic studies

For pediatric diseases like childhood leukemia, a short latency period points to in-utero exposures as potentially important risk factors. Untargeted metabolomics of small molecules in archived newborn dried blood spots (DBS) offers an avenue for discovering early-life exposures that contribute to disease risks. The purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative method for untargeted analysis of archived newborn DBS for use in an epidemiological study (California Childhood Leukemia Study, CCLS). Using experimental DBS from the blood of an adult volunteer, we optimized extraction of small molecules and integrated measurement of potassium as a proxy for blood hematocrit. We then applied this extraction method to 4.7-mm punches from 106 control DBS samples from the CCLS. Sample extracts were analyzed with liquid chromatography—high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and an untargeted workflow was used to screen for metabolites that discriminate population characteristics such as sex, ethnicity, and birth weight. Thousands of small molecules were measured in extracts of archived DBS. Normalizing for potassium levels removed variability related to varying hematocrit across DBS punches. Of the roughly 1000 prevalent small molecules that were tested, multivariate linear regression detected significant associations with ethnicity (three metabolites) and birth weight (15 metabolites) after adjusting for multiple testing. This untargeted workflow can be used for analysis of small molecules in archived DBS to discover novel biomarkers, to provide insights into the initiation and progression of diseases, and to provide guidance for disease prevention.
An Examination of US First-Year Teachers' Risk for Occupational Stress: Associations with Professional Preparation and Occupational Health.

Previous research has demonstrated associations between teacher stress and occupational burnout, but few studies have attempted to operationalize a central tenet of most stress theories, namely tha...
Highly accelerated lifetime testing of potassium sodium niobate thin films

Highly accelerated lifetime tests of 2 and 3 μm thick potassium sodium niobate [(K0.5, Na0.5)NbO3, KNN] films with different thicknesses were measured under electric fields ranging from 160 to 350 kV/cm and temperatures ranging from 90 to 210 °C. The medium time to failure (t50) was determined from a lognormal distribution plot of failure times of up to 22 electrodes per measurement condition. The activation energy (Ea) for failure was 0.74 ± 0.04 eV and 0.92 ± 0.05 eV for the 2 μm and 3 μm KNN films, respectively. The voltage acceleration factor was 3.5 ± 0.34 for the 3 μm film. But the electric field dependence of t50 for the 2 μm film showed two regions with similar N, 6.67 and 6.94 ± 0.23, respectively. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was employed to investigate the Na+ and K+ ion distributions in KNN films.
Pen trial of estrogen-induced conditioned food aversion to eggs in raccoons (Procyon lotor)

Abstract Aversive conditioning is a promising but unproven non-lethal approach to reducing mammalian depredation on the eggs of ground-nesting birds, terrapins and sea turtles. This research tested the efficacy of oral estrogen concealed in a bland carrier as an aversive agent for wild-caught raccoons (Procyon lotor) under controlled conditions. Nine treatment group raccoons were given six estrogen-injected eggs every other day during a 14-day treatment phase, and then given a combination of two estrogen-injected eggs, two fresh eggs, and two carrier-only injected eggs every other day during a 14-day challenge phase. Nine control group animals received six carrier-only injected eggs every other day during the treatment phase, and then two fresh eggs and four carrier-only injected eggs every other day during the challenge phase. All treatment animals exhibited a conditioned food aversion (CFA) after 1–8 egg feedings (15–116 mg of estrogen per kilogram of body mass). All later sampled at least a few eggs, but they consumed fewer eggs than the control animals during both the treatment phase (p 0.05) comparably. Treatment animals gained less mass than control animals (p = 0.013), but there was no apparent relationship between estrogen intake and mass change (p = 0.912). Testes of treatment males were similar in volume and mass (p = 0.712) to those of control males. Treatment animals experienced higher frequencies of abnormal feces (p
Modeling congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis using computational fluid dynamics

Abstract Objectives Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a rare cause of airway obstruction in the neonate. Computational airway modeling has not been done in neonates and young infants to understand the impact of stenosis on functional nasal airflow. In this study, we 1) applied computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to the airway of a neonate with CNPAS and 2) compare airflow dynamics of a normal and CNPAS airway. Methods Three-dimensional models of the nasal airway of a normal neonate and a neonate with CNPAS were created using computed tomography scans of the facial bones. Measured anatomic parameters included volume, surface area, and cross-sectional area. CFD simulation was then performed. Simulated flow parameters included pressure, average velocity, and resistance. Results The neonate with CNPAS had a lesser volume (2.74 cm3 vs. 4.50 cm3) and surface area (18.8 cm2 vs. 45.5 cm2) than the normal airway. The CNPAS airway had a lesser bilateral cross-sectional area and average cross-sectional velocity throughout the length of the model. While there is a large pressure drop in the normal airway immediately after the entry point, the pressure drop in the CNPAS airway occurs more posteriorly. The total nasal resistance was approximately eight-fold greater in the CNPAS airway than the normal. Conclusions CFD analysis can be performed on airways of neonates with nasal obstruction, such as in CNPAS. A CFD model may help characterize severity of airway obstruction as it can predict the three-dimensional pattern of airflow. Determining the role of CFD in clinical management of CNPAS requires further investigation.
Glycosignaling: A General Review

The concept of glycosignaling, in which neural cell-surface glycoconjugates form microdomains (Lipid Rafts) to facilitate the recruitment of signaling molecule components to form a transient signaling unit, is helping us understand the reason for glycoheterogeneity in the brain and is leadings to important translational efforts in medicine. In this review we first describe the origins of the concept of glycomicrodomains, how lipid heterogeneity might have relevance for the brain development, pathology and how the glycocalyx acts as a barrier in glia. After a discussion of how such microdomains are isolated and studied using modern technology such as nanoparticle labeling and molecular microscopy, we will present examples of how glycosignaling can function in such brain-specific situations as axonal growth and protein phosphorylation-mediated signaling.
Effectiveness and safety of continuous neuromuscular blockade in trauma patients with an open abdomen: A follow-up study.

Abstract Background Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) have been associated with decreased time to fascial closure following damage control laparotomy (DCL). Changes in resuscitation over the last decade bring this practice into question. Methods A retrospective cohort study of adults who underwent DCL between 2009 and 2015 was conducted at an ACS-verified level 1 trauma center. The study group (NMBA+) received continuous NMBA within 24 h of DCL. Data collected included demographics, resuscitative fluids, mortality, and complications. The primary outcome was time to fascial closure. Factors associated with abdominal closure were determined by ordinal logistic regression. Results There were 222 patients included (NMBA+ 125; NMBA– 97). Demographics were similar, including median age (NMBA+ 36; NMBA– 39 years) and ISS (NMBA+ 29; NMBA– 34). There was no difference in median time to closure (NMBA+ 2; NMBA– 2 days) or the incidence of complications (NMBA+ 64%; NMBA– 59%). In a regression model, NMBA exposure was not associated with time to abdominal closure. Conclusions In adult trauma patients requiring DCL, continuous NMBA did not affect the time to abdominal closure.
Anxiety, Insomnia, and Addiction

Several different forms of biofeedback therapy have been used in attempts to produce or assist in producing bodily relaxation. The three types of procedures employ electromyographic feedback, alpha EEG feedback, and heart rate feedback. The biofeedback-assisted relaxation procedures have been used with a wide variety of clinical disorders, including anxiety, insomnia, and alcoholism and drug addiction.
First Properties of ℝ

Chapter 1 lays the foundation; what are we building? Our most ambitious objective is to give a logically rigorous presentation of Calculus, learning as much as possible along the way. Everything has to come from the axioms for the field of real numbers ℝ (that in fact it does seems a miracle!). The properties of ℝ developed in this chapter lie very close to the axioms; they require some ingenuity but no essential new concepts (such as limits).
Reductive Cleavage of Organic Peroxides by Iron Salts and Thiols

Despite the low bond strength of the oxygen-oxygen bond, organic peroxides are often surprisingly resistant to cleavage by nucleophiles and reductants. As a result, achieving decomposition under mild conditions can be challenging. Herein, we explore the reactivity of a selection of peroxides toward thiolates, phenyl selenide, Fe(II) salts, and iron thiolates. Peroxides activated by conjugation, strain, or stereoelectronics are rapidly cleaved at room temperature by thiolate anions, phenylselenide, or Fe(II) salts. Under the same conditions, unhindered dialkyl peroxides are only marginally reactive; hindered peroxides, including triacetone triperoxide and diacetone diperoxide (DADP), are inert. In contrast, all but the most hindered of peroxides are rapidly (<1 min at concentrations down to ∼40 mM) cleaved by mixtures of thiols and iron salts. Our observations suggest the possible intermediacy of strongly reducing complexes that are readily regenerated in the presence of stoichiometric thiolate or hydride. In the case of DADP, an easily prepared explosive of significant societal concern, catalytic amounts of iron and thiol are capable of promoting rapid and complete disproportionation. The availability of inexpensive and readily available catalysts for the mild reductive degradation of all but the most hindered of peroxides could have significant applications for controlled remediation of explosives or unwanted radical initiators.
Frugal Skin Graft Expansion Device

Burns are a common and significant public health problem in developing countries globally, including several countries in Africa. Over a million people suffer from burn injuries each year in Africa, accounting for over 18% of hospital admissions and leading to mortality rates close to 10%. Despite the prevalence of burn injuries, less than 5% of the typical national healthcare budget is allocated to the treatment of burn victims, a statistic that is exacerbated by the high costs of burn treatment in developing countries, which is approximately twice the costs in the United States. The high cost of burn treatment in the developing world stems from the lack of affordable and effective methods and devices to mesh skin grafts, a procedure used to expand the donor graft surface area and cover more burn area, that are optimized for use in low resource settings. Current skin meshers are not only price prohibitive, but also complicated and time-consuming to use, maintain, and sterilize for reuse. With the goal of developing frugal tools and technologies that meet the needs of health practitioners in developing countries, we gained input from users in both low- and high-resource settings to design an affordable, modular, and autoclavable skin meshing device. Unlike traditional skin meshers that require the grafts to be continuously fed into a blade and roller mechanism, our design emulates the function and form of pie crust cutters to make small slits in a regular lattice pattern while the graft remains fixated on a cutting surface. The design is composed of three main subsystems: (i) handle/stabilization bar, (ii) cartridge that houses the blades to make the slits and (iii) graft fixation mechanism that holds the skin taut during meshing. These parts can be disassembled for cleaning and autoclave sterilization, and easily reassembled for reuse. Our proof-of-concept studies using skin substitutes as well as animal skin grafts demonstrated the ability of the prototype device to create a standard mesh pattern and thereby facilitate expansion of the test grafts. Furthermore, the modular design enables different meshing ratios by simply changing the inter-blade distance. Collectively, our proposed device is a more frugal and user-friendly alternative to current commercial skin meshers and has the potential to improve the overall success and quality of treatment of burn patients in traditionally underserved communities.
Syntheses, structures and bonding of 3d metal alkynyl complexes of cyclam and its derivatives

Abstract Described in this review is the chemistry of 3d metal alkynyls based on tetraaza macrocyclic ligands. Both the abundance of 3d metals and easy access to the tetraazacyclotetradecane type ligands make these compounds more affordable and sustainable alternatives to metal alkynyls based on precious metals. Taking advantage of a rich variety of starting materials available in literature, the trans-[M(cyclam)(C2R)2]X type (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) compounds have been prepared from the reactions between [M(cyclam)X2]X (M = Cr, Fe and Co; X = Cl or OTf) and LiC2R. With [Co(cyclam)Cl2]+, both the {trans-[Co(cyclam)Cl]2(μ-(C≡C)n)}2+ and trans-[Co(cyclam)(C2R)Cl]+ type compounds can be prepared through a dehydrohalogenation reaction. The latter type compounds can undergo a second alkynylation reaction with LiC2R' to afford the dissymmetric trans-[Co(cyclam)(C2R)(C2R')]+ type compounds, including the trans-[Co(cyclam)(C2A)(C2D)]+ dyads with A and D as acceptor and donor chromophores respectively. These compounds are being studied to probe photo-induced electron transfer and related photophysical/photochemical processes. The trans-[Co(cyclam)(C2R)(NCMe)]2+ type complexes react with unactivated HC2R' in the presence of a weak base to provide trans-[Co(cyclam)(C2R)(C2R')]+ in high yields. Similar alkynylation chemistry with complexes of cyclam derivatives, like TMC (1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), HMC (5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) and DMC (5,12-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), has been demonstrated with the studies of [Ni(TMC)(C2R)]+, trans-/cis-[Cr(HMC/DMC)(C2R)2]+ and trans-[Co(DMC)(C2R)2]+.
Behavioral and cellular studies of associative learning in Aplysia

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the behavioral and cellular studies of associative learning in aplysia, which can form a classically conditioned association between a chemosensory conditioned stimulus (CS) and an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). In the locomotor system, where the learned behavior is expressed as an increase in a recurrent motor sequence, the CS enhances the output of the central program, leading to an increase in the number of spike bursts in the motor neurons. However, in the inking and siphon withdrawal systems, where the learning is expressed as a decrease in threshold or an increase in response amplitude, the CS enhances afferent synaptic input directly onto the motor neurons. An identification of neuronal elements influencing each of the several defensive motor systems that express the associative learning should be useful for mapping the circuitry responsible for both the performance and acquisition of associative learning.
Relationship Between Seizure Frequency and Functional Abnormalities in Limbic Network of Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Background: We compared resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) among limbic and temporal lobe regions between patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) and healthy control subjects to identify imaging evidence of functional networks related to seizure frequency, age of seizure onset, and duration of epilepsy. Methods: Twelve patients with drug-resistant, unilateral medial temporal lobe epilepsy and twelve healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, and handedness participated in the imaging experiments. We used network-based statistics to compare functional connectivity graphs in patients with mTLE and healthy controls to investigate the relationship between functional connectivity abnormalites and seizure frequency. Results: Among mTLE patients, we found functional network abnormalities throughout the limbic system, but primarily in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the seizure focus. The RSFCs between ipsilateral hypothalamus and ventral anterior cingulate cortex and between ipsilateral subiculum and contralateral posterior cingulate cortex were highly correlated with seizure frequency. Discussion: These findings suggest that in mTLE, changes in limbic networks ipsilateral to the epileptic focus are common. The pathological changes in connectivity between cingulate cortex, hypothalamus and subiculum ipsilateral to the seizure focus were correlated with increased seizure frequency. This also suggests that cingulate and limbic networks are progressively impacted by increased frequency of seizures, and could even play a central role in the progression of epilepsy.
Beliefs about climate change in the aftermath of extreme flooding

When faced with natural disasters, communities respond in diverse ways, with processes that reflect their cultures, needs, and the extent of damage incurred by the community. Because of their potentially recurring nature, floods offer an opportunity for communities to learn from and adapt to these experiences with the goal of increasing resiliency through reflection, modification of former policies, and adoption of new policies. A key component of a community’s ability to learn from disaster is how community members perceive the causes of extreme flood events and whether there is risk of future similar events. Perceptions of causes of flooding, including climate change, may be influenced by experiencing a flood event, along with individual preferences for various policies put in place to help a community recover. Using data collected from two rounds of public surveys (n = 903) across six Colorado communities flooded in 2013, we investigate whether there is variation across causal understanding of flooding, and whether this variation can be linked to differences in proximity of damages experienced (personal property, neighborhood, or community). By analyzing these variables, along with other variables (time since flood, political affiliation, and worldview), this study improves our understanding of the factors that drive our beliefs about potential causes of floods, focusing on climate change. The findings suggest that the extent of damage experienced at the neighborhood and community levels can have a significant effect on the perceptions of climate change held by the public. In turn, these beliefs about climate change are positively associated with perceptions of risks of future flooding.
Research and policy priorities for edible insects

Global communities increasingly struggle to provide ample healthful food for growing populations in the face of social and environmental pressures. Insect agriculture is one underexplored and innovative approach. Sustainable cultivation of nutrient-dense edible insects could help boost food access, support human nutrition, and mitigate key drivers of climate change. The edible insects industry is in its nascent stages, as relatively few entities have committed resources towards optimizing farming methods. Nevertheless, insect farming is poised to benefit food insecure populations, and the planet as a whole if more targeted research and conducive policies are implemented. The purpose of this paper is to outline the state of the science regarding edible insects, define a research agenda, and recommend policy action to support the growing industry. Edible insects are not a panacea for current challenges, but they have the potential to confer numerous benefits to people and the environment. Rigorous research is needed to establish optimal farming methods, strengthen food safety, understand health impacts of consumption, explore consumer acceptance, tackle ethical considerations, and investigate economic viability. A clear definition for insects as food, industry guidance support for obtaining generally regarded as safe designation, and collaboration by industry stakeholders to develop production standards will also help move the industry forward. Generating and galvanizing knowledge sharing networks, investing in critical interdisciplinary research, and advocating for conducive policies that support emerging entrepreneurs will be necessary to capitalize on the benefits of edible insects in the future.
Abstract 362: Live Tracking Mouse Model for Endogenous Exosomes from Heart

Exosomes are emerging new category of messengers communicating among cells, tissues and organs. Understanding the kinetics of exosome communication in vivo are a critical foundation for studying ex...
Our mutual metamorphosis: an ISPS love affair in 4 chapters

A mental health counsellor reflects on the transformative impact of attending ISPS (www.isps;org) conferences, both personally and professionally, which leads her to reaffirm the power of family su...
Expanding Access to Continuous EEG Monitoring in Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

Purpose Neonatal seizures are common and difficult to identify clinically because the majority are subclinical and correct identification of electroclinical seizures based on semiology is unreliable. Therefore, continuous EEG monitoring (CEEG) is critical for seizure identification in neonates and is recommended as the gold standard method in American Clinical Neurophysiology Society guidelines. Despite these recommendations, barriers to implementing widespread CEEG exist. Methods To expand access to CEEG for at-risk neonates, a framework for providing remote CEEG was established at two network hospital neonatal intensive care units. Utilization and clinical impact were tracked as a quality improvement study. Results In a 27-month period from June 2017 through September 2019, 76 neonates underwent CEEG between the two network neonatal intensive care units. Electrographic seizures occurred in about one quarter of records (18/76; 24%), though their incidence varied by CEEG indication. Care notes indicated that CEEG impacted clinical care in three quarters of cases (57/76; 75%). Continuous EEG impacted decisions to treat with anti-seizure medications in approximately one half of patients (impact: 28/57 [49%]; no impact 29/57 [51%]), and CEEG impacted prognostic discussions in approximately two thirds of patients (impact: 39/57 [68%]; no impact 18/57 [32%]). Conclusions Establishment of a remote CEEG program for neonates is feasible, effective at identifying seizures, and improves the quality of care provided to neonates hospitalized at these network hospitals.
Acute Hemodynamic Compromise Following Superior Vena Cava Stent Placement: a Case Report

Symptomatic relief of Superior Vena Cava (SVC) syndrome caused by tumor obstruction is achieved by the placement of a percutaneous superior vena cava stent. Complications are rare. Even more uncommon is acute hemodynamic compromise from acute hemopericardium during placement of an SVC stent. Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in the Interventional Radiology Suite (IR) suite allows for rapid diagnosis and guidance of pericardial drainage and hemodynamic management.
Genetic Association between Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Cardiomyopathies

Background: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) with risk of poor outcome has been linked to MYH6 variants, implicating overlap in genetic etiologies of structural and myopathic heart disease. M...
PAVING the Path to Wellness for Breast Cancer Survivors: Lifestyle Medicine Education and Group Interventions:

There are over 3.5 million breast cancer survivors living in the United States. Key elements of breast cancer survivorship care include monitoring for disease recurrence, addressing medical and psychosocial consequences of treatment, and educating about lifestyle interventions which decrease risk of recurrence, improve quality of life, and improve outcome. We have developed the PAVING the Path to Wellness Program for Breast Cancer Survivors in order to provide education on evidence-based topics from lifestyle medicine, with the goal to help women adopt healthy habits and improve well-being after cancer treatment. The 12-week program includes all 6 pillars of lifestyle medicine, as well as positive psychology, gratitude, and goal setting work. The PAVING the Path to Wellness Program for Breast Cancer Survivors empowers breast cancer survivors with knowledge regarding evidence-based lifestyle recommendations and helps them achieve an improved sense of well-being following treatment. On completion of the program, participants specifically reported an improvement in attitude and well-being. Next steps involve developing a strategy to offer this program to a larger group of cancer survivors.
Kmt2c mutations enhance HSC self-renewal capacity and convey a selective advantage after chemotherapy

The myeloid tumor suppressor KMT2C is recurrently deleted in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly therapy-related MDS/AML (t-MDS/t-AML), as part of larger chromosome 7 deletions. Here, we show that KMT2C deletions convey a selective advantage to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) after chemotherapy treatment that may precipitate t-MDS/t-AML. Kmt2c deletions markedly enhance murine HSC self-renewal capacity without altering proliferation rates. Haploid Kmt2c deletions convey a selective advantage only when HSCs are driven into cycle by a strong proliferative stimulus, such as chemotherapy. Cycling Kmt2c-deficient HSCs fail to differentiate appropriately, particularly in response to interleukin-1. Kmt2c deletions mitigate histone methylation/acetylation changes that accrue as HSCs cycle after chemotherapy, and they impair enhancer recruitment during HSC differentiation. These findings help explain why Kmt2c deletions are more common in t-MDS/t-AML than in de novo AML or clonal hematopoiesis: they selectively protect cycling HSCs from differentiation without inducing HSC proliferation themselves.
Correlation between Alcohol Use Disorders, Blood Alcohol Content, and Length of Stay in Trauma Patients.

Background: Patients with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) have an increased risk of developing complications during their hospital stays; however, how AUD impacts the length of stay (LOS) and the utilization of hospital resources remains inconclusive. Aim: This study aimed to identify the associations between AUD, defined by self-reported alcohol consumption, blood alcohol content (BAC), and hospital LOS (HLOS) including intensive care unit (ICU) LOS in the trauma patient population. Study Design: We conducted a retrospective study analyzing data obtained from 2010 to 2018 at a university-based, level-one trauma emergency department. We identified 1689 adult trauma patients who completed the AUDs identification test (AUDIT) and were admitted to the hospital. We retrieved BAC, age, gender, LOS, and injury severity score (ISS) from the patient charts. The independent samples' median test was used to assess the association of HLOS and ICULOS with ISS, BAC levels, or AUDIT scores. Results: ISS was directly associated with higher HLOS (P
The relations of workplace safety, perceived occupational stress, and adjustment among Latino/a immigrant cattle feedyard workers in the United States

Abstract Immigrant workers face significant occupational health and safety concerns and are often employed in dangerous, dirty, and demanding (3-D) jobs such as agriculture. To foster improvements in immigrant farmworker health, integrative research that explores workplace safety, stress, and health and safety outcomes is needed. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine workplace safety characteristics and perceived stressors as predictors of Latino/a immigrant cattle feedyard workers’ psychosocial adjustment. Data were from the “Health and Safety among Immigrant Cattle Feedyard Workers in the Central States Region” project, and participants included 243 Latino/a immigrant cattle feedyard workers from Kansas and Nebraska (M age = 37.68, SD = 10.10; 91.2% male). A path model including direct and indirect relations among the number of personal protective equipment and training types, safety climate, occupational stress, and adjustment outcomes (depression, anxiety, need for recovery, and life satisfaction) was examined. We found that the number of types of personal protective equipment and training positively predicted safety climate, which negatively predicted occupational stress. In turn, occupational stress was positively associated with depression, anxiety, and need for recovery, and negatively associated with life satisfaction. The present findings support the notion that workplace safety is directly associated with the health and well-being of immigrant workers and delineates the mechanisms by which workplace safety characteristics relate to workers’ adjustment. This study yields supportive evidence for an ecological stress-based model of immigrant worker health and safety in U.S. Latino/a cattle feedyard workers. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
The role of magnetospheric plasma in solar wind-magnetosphere coupling: A review

Abstract A variety of magnetospheric plasma populations have been proposed to impact solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. These magnetospheric populations could mass load the dayside magnetopause and include the plasmaspheric plume, plasma cloak, ion plasma sheet, and dayside ion outflow. Each has different densities, ion composition, and spatial/temporal occurrences at the dayside magnetopause which may coupling in different ways. These properties are reviewed as well as proposed mechanisms for impacting wave formation and magnetic reconnection. Broader discussion on control of solar wind-magnetosphere coupling governed by through local boundary physics or through the driving of the solar wind (local versus global control) is also considered.
Magnetospheric DC Electric Fields; Present Knowledge and Outstanding Problems to be Solved during the IMS

Present knowledge of the relationships between perpendicular and parallel electric fields in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and of their configurations, sources, and variations is summarised with a view to illustrating some important problems that should be addressed by IMS electric-field research programmes. These problems include determination of the source, morphology, and dynamics of parallel electric fields, the role of parallel electric fields and time-varying magnetic fields in decoupling magnetosphere-ionosphere dynamics, the configuration of the neutral line and its effect on the electric-field coupling from the interplanetary medium to the magnetosphere for arbitrary interplanetary magnetic-field directions, the importance of processes other than reconnection in producing the magnetospheric potential field, and the dynamics of polarisation and other processes that produce low-frequency turbulence and small-scale spatial structure in the electric fields.
Libraries, Laughter and Learning: The Rubber Chicken School of Bibliographic Instruction

Abstract Humor, properly applied, can be an important tool in facilitating learning and reducing stress in the classroom. This article addresses the use of humor in bibliographic instruction and encourages the use of humor with practical teaching tips and provides examples of the proper and improper use of humor in the classroom.
Why Do Managers Reinstate Member Privileges in Organizations? Six Motivations

Much research has examined how and why managers discipline members by removing privileges. However, there has been little research examining the phenomenon of returning privileges to disciplined members, otherwise known as reinstatement. This research introduces reinstatement to the discussion of organizational punishment and discipline by providing six motivations for why an organization would reinstate member privileges.
Arithmetic properties of plane partitions

The 2-adic valuations of sequences counting the number of alternating sign matrices of size n and the number of totally symmetric plane partitions are shown to be related in a simple manner.
Capuchin ( Cebus apella ) Tool Use in a Captive Naturalistic Environment

Captive tufted capuchins are proficient at both tool use and manufacture. However, their capacity to comprehend cause-effect relationships as they relate to tool use is a subject of debate. An ability to conceptualize task requirements in assessing the appropriateness of potential tools would be essential to efficient tool use in the wild. Observations of tool use among free-ranging populations of Cebus are extremely limited, and the importance of this behavior to capuchin feeding ecology is unclear. I tested tufted capuchins' ability to conceive solutions to a probing task in a naturalistic captive setting. Three out of 5 participants demonstrated an ability to consistently make and use tools selected from a wide variety of natural materials within a forest exhibit. Over 98% (N = 140) of the tools that they modified enabled them to successfully acquire food rewards. It is likely that wild Cebus apella shares this ability, and that tool use occurs under a highly specific set of natural conditions.