cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte Fractionation in a Magnetic Flow Cell Sorter

We have developed a novel cell sorter, the dipole magnet flow sorter (DMFS) which separates cells into multiple fractions according to theirsurface marker expression, as determined by flow cytometry. A narrow stream of cells is introduced into a sheath of carrier fluid in a rectangular channel while subjected to a perpendicular magnetic force. The special design of the pole pieces ensures a constant magnetic force acting on the cells in the separation area. Cells are spread across the flow in relation to their magnetophoretic mobilities. Separation is achieved by control of the positions of the stream boundaries dividing outlet fractions. CD8 T-lymphocytes labeled with primary antibody-FITC conjugate and anti-FITC-magnetic colloid is the chosen cell system. Flow cytometry analysis shows that a four-fold increase in total marker number per cell is observed over the range of recovered fractions. We believe that this type of separation is applicable to any cells in suspension for which a suitable antibody exists, and — due to the comparatively gentle nature of the process—is particularly suitable for the sorting of fragile cells.
Messenger RNA decay and maturation in Bacillus subtilis.

Our understanding of the ribonucleases that act to process and turn over RNA in Bacillus subtilis , a model Gram‐positive organism, has increased greatly in recent years. This chapter discusses characteristics of B. subtilis ribonucleases that have been shown to participate in messenger RNA maturation and decay. Distinct features of a recently discovered ribonuclease, RNase J1, are reviewed, and are put in the context of a mechanism for the mRNA decay process in B. subtilis that differs greatly from the classical model developed for E. coli . This chapter is divided according to three parts of an mRNA—5′ end, body, and 3′ end—that could theoretically serve as sites for initiation of decay. How 5′‐proximal elements affect mRNA half‐life, and especially how these elements interface with RNase J1, forms the basis for a set of “rules” that may be useful in predicting mRNA stability.
Statistics for Bench Research

Statistical reasoning and modeling as it applies to biological systems and medicine has been the cornerstone of scientific discovery over the past 80 years; thus success in academic surgery requires a basic understanding of biostatistics. A successful academic career, involving everything from interpreting scientific articles with accurate clarity to designing biological experiments with purposeful hypotheses, depends on the appropriate application of biostatistics, bioinformatics, and computational biology. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief overview of the various statistical methods which are employed in everyday bench and clinical research.
Mössbauer Study of Polynuclear Iron III Compounds

The use of Mossbauer spectroscopy in the study of complex polynuclear iron III systems is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on both weak and strong exchange coupled intramolecular antiferromagnetic systems with iron III ions in a variety of coordination environments. The correlation of the isomer shifts of unperturbed Mossbauer spectra with variable temperature susceptibility data and Near Infrared electronic spectra is shown to conclusively eliminate the spin 1/2 ground state for the individual iroa atoms in the foregoing systems. The failure of isomer shift and quadrupole splitting data to unambiguously distinguish quartet and sextet ground states and the similar draw back to susceptibility studies are discussed. Magnetically perturbed Mossbauer spectra are seen to be generally more useful in determining the nature of the ground spin state and structure of polynuclear iron systems. In this connection, the magnetic perturbation technique is found to be a particularly simple but powerful method for determining the presence or absence of intramolecular ordering in iron systems that are otherwise magnetically dilute. This is illustrated in the non-observation of large internal hyperfine fields in the perturbed spectra of weak (J ≂−10 cm−1) as well as strong (J ≂100 cm−1 ) coupled polynuclear complexes in applied fields up to 100 kilo-Gauss. Similar spectra of magnetically dilute paramagnetic iron salts at 4.2°K show large augmentation of applied fields.
Let the racism tell you who your friends are: The effects of racism on social connections and life-satisfaction for Multiracial people

Abstract Multiracial people in the United States do not fit into traditional racial groups and are thus thought to be at increased risk of social isolation. The current study examines the contributions of racial and Multiracial-specific discrimination in predicting Multiracial people’s social connections to people of various racial groups. Also examined is whether relationships between these types of discrimination and life-satisfaction are explained by friendship and community satisfaction. Results indicated that racial and Multiracial-specific discrimination each related to decreased feelings of commonality and acceptance among White people. As Multiracial people experienced more racial discrimination, they generally reported having more in common with, but less acceptance from, racial groups of color. As Multiracial people reported more racial or Multiracial-specific discrimination, they reported lower proportions of White friends and higher proportions of Multiracial friends. Relationships between racial discrimination and life-satisfaction were partially explained by community satisfaction whereas relationships between Multiracial discrimination and life-satisfaction were fully explained by decreased community satisfaction.
Rapid involution of large cardiac rhabdomyomas with everolimus therapy.

Rhabdomyoma of the fetal heart is a rare disease accounting for about 1% of all fetal cardiac structural anomalies. They are often found in association with tuberous sclerosis complex. Large cardiac rhabdomyomas can compromise the cardiac function. We report a case of multiple large rhabdomyomas of the right and left ventricles, affecting the cardiac function, which was successfully treated with the chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive medication everolimus, in a neonate with genetically confirmed tuberous sclerosis complex with multisystem manifestations. There was rapid involution of the tumors in response to everolimus therapy in this infant.
Search Driven Analysis of Heterogenous XML Data

Analytical processing on XML repositories is usually enabled by designing complex data transformations that shred the documents into a common data warehousing schema. This can be very time-consuming and costly, especially if the underlying XML data has a lot of variety in structure, and only a subset of attributes constitutes meaningful dimensions and facts. Today, there is no tool to explore an XML data set, discover interesting attributes, dimensions and facts, and rapidly prototype an OLAP solution. In this paper, we propose a system, called SEDA that enables users to start with simple keyword-style querying, and interactively refine the query based on result summaries. SEDA then maps query results onto a set of known, or newly created, facts and dimensions, and derives a star schema and its instantiation to be fed into an off-the-shelf OLAP tool, for further analysis.
Chip-scale Digital Fourier Transform Spectroscopy

We describe an on-chip digital Fourier transform (dFT) spectrometer and a machine learning algorithm for spectrum reconstruction. The device resolution scales exponentially with footprint, and we demonstrate 100% resolution enhancement compared to the Rayleigh criterion.
The khaen: Musical traditions and contemporary innovations

The khaen is a bamboo free-reed mouth organ prominent among people of Lao ethnicity in Laos and Northeast Thailand. In Thailand, the khaen is considered emblematic of the rural Northeast, but has also enjoyed periods of broader popularity in Thailand, including within the Thai royal courts in the mid-19th century. After a period of modernization during which traditional music was in danger of disappearing, the khaen is once again celebrated as a symbol of Northeast identity, taught in public schools, and figures into regional popular music. The polyphonic music of the khaen is traditionally played solo and to accompany a solo singer, employing improvisation within five different melodic modes. Recent institutionalization has placed a greater emphasis on composition and playing in ensembles with contemporary folk and electrified popular instruments. The author has contributed to the khaen becoming an international concert instrument, by composing, commissioning and recording modern notated works by living composers for the instrument. The paper will survey the changing cultural and musical contexts for the khaen, with demonstrations of traditional and contemporary playing styles and techniques.The khaen is a bamboo free-reed mouth organ prominent among people of Lao ethnicity in Laos and Northeast Thailand. In Thailand, the khaen is considered emblematic of the rural Northeast, but has also enjoyed periods of broader popularity in Thailand, including within the Thai royal courts in the mid-19th century. After a period of modernization during which traditional music was in danger of disappearing, the khaen is once again celebrated as a symbol of Northeast identity, taught in public schools, and figures into regional popular music. The polyphonic music of the khaen is traditionally played solo and to accompany a solo singer, employing improvisation within five different melodic modes. Recent institutionalization has placed a greater emphasis on composition and playing in ensembles with contemporary folk and electrified popular instruments. The author has contributed to the khaen becoming an international concert instrument, by composing, commissioning and recording modern notated works by living ...
Ventral Abdominal Wall Defects

1. Sara A. Mansfield, MD, MS* 2. Tim Jancelewicz, MD, MA, MS* 1. *Division of Pediatric Surgery, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN Clinicians should be aware of the strategies for prenatal and postnatal management of infants with omphalocele and gastroschisis. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Recognize the implications and differences in management between gastroschisis and omphalocele. 2. Review the initial stabilization and management of infants with omphalocele and gastroschisis. 3. Review the surgical management options and rationale for infants with ventral abdominal wall defects. Abdominal wall defects represent a wide spectrum of congenital anomalies. These can range from lethal limb-body wall syndrome to benign umbilical cord hernias. Gastroschisis and omphalocele are the 2 most common defects and are the focus of this review. Although both of these diseases affect the umbilical area, they differ widely in their underlying pathogenesis, genetics, and associated disorders. Consequently, their management techniques and outcomes are quite different. This article reviews the pathogenesis, genetics, diagnostics, and outcomes for each disease, followed by an in-depth review of recent management updates. ### Pathogenesis Omphalocele (or exomphalos) is a herniation of the abdominal viscera through a midline abdominal wall defect (Fig 1). This defect is located at the base of the umbilical stalk, and herniated viscera are covered by a 3-layer membrane of peritoneum, Wharton jelly, and amnion. This contrasts with umbilical cord hernias, which are covered by intact skin and contain only a small protrusion of abdominal contents, and gastroschisis, which has no covering at all and occurs to the right of midline (Table). Omphaloceles are present in approximately 1 per 1,100 pregnancies. However, there is a high rate of spontaneous abortion, making the incidence of omphalocele per live birth approximately 1 per 4,000 to 1 per 6,000. (1) …
Joint time-frequency analysis of dynamic cerebral autoregulation using generalized harmonic wavelets.

Objective: To develop a joint time-frequency analysis technique based on generalized harmonic wavelets (GHWs) for dynamic cerebral autoregulation (DCA) performance quantification. Approach: We considered two groups of human subjects to develop and validate the method: 55 healthy volunteers and 35 stroke-free subjects with unilateral internal carotid artery stenosis (CAS). We determined the mean and coherence-weighted average of the phase shift (PS) of appropriately defined GHW-based transfer functions, based on data points over the joint time-frequency domain. We compared agreement of standard transfer function analysis (TFA) and GHW analyses in healthy subjects using Bland-Altman plots. We assessed sensitivity of each metric to detect the presumed side-to-side difference in DCA function in CAS subjects (with decreased PS on the occluded side), using McNemar's chi square test to compare each metric to the standard TFA approach. An alternative Morlet wavelet-based approach was also considered. Main Results: The GHW and TFA methods exhibited strong agreement in healthy subjects. Among CAS subjects, GHW metrics outperformed TFA and Morlet wavelet-based approaches in identifying expected side-to-side differences: TFA sensitivity was 40.0% (95%CI 23.9-57.9), Morlet 60.0% (95%CI 42.1-76.1), and GHW >70% for both metrics (GHW mean PS sensitivity 74.3, 95%CI 56.7-87.5, p=0.0027 vs TFA; GHW coherence-weighted PS sensitivity 71.4, 95%CI 53.7-85.4, p=0.0009 vs TFA). Significance: In comparison to the widely used stationary Fourier transform-based transfer function analysis and to Morlet wavelet-based analysis, our data suggest that the GHW-based analysis performs better in identifying DCA asymmetry between the two cerebral hemispheres in patients with high grade unilateral carotid stenosis. Our method may provide enhanced confidence in employing DCA metrics as a sensitive diagnostic tool for detecting impaired DCA function in a variety of pathological settings.
3rd ACM SIGSPATIAL Workshop on Analytics for Local Events and News (LENS 2019): Chicago, Illinois, USA - November 5, 2018

The 3rd ACM SIGSPATIAL Workshop on Analytics for Local Events and News (LENS 2019) was held in conjunction with the 27th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (ACM SIGSPATIAL 2019). The workshop is intended to bring together experts in the workshop scope to exchange ideas on opportunities, challenges and cutting-edge techniques for local events and news analytics. The workshop has attracted ten submissions, all full-length research papers. Six submissions were accepted for publications; with 60% acceptance rate. The papers are reviewed by 7 program committee members, where each paper is assigned to two reviewers. Total 8 attendants registered for the workshop. The actual number of attendants along the day fluctuated from 8 to 12, with an average of 9 attendants maintained almost all the time. The paper titled DeepSpot: Understanding Online Opinion Spam by Text Augmentation using Sentiment Encoder-Decoder Networks, by Avik Nayak, Haiquan Chen, Xiaojun Ruan, and Jinsong Ouyang was awarded the best paper award. The paper titled Scalable Community Detection over Geo-Social Network, by Xiuwen Zheng, Qiyu Liu, and Amarnath Gupta was awarded the best presentation award. The workshop has achieved its goal in bringing up together experts and conducted a set of productive discussions and talks.
Should Robotic Surgery Training Be Prioritized in General Surgery Residency? A Survey of Fellowship Program Director Perspectives.

OBJECTIVE Robotic surgery has been increasingly incorporated into the subspecialties of colorectal (CRS), minimally invasive/bariatric (MIS/Bar), and surgical oncology/hepatobiliary (SO/HPB) surgery, yet its impact on fellowship applicant evaluation and contribution to postresidency training remains undefined. The aim of our study was to evaluate how robotic training during General Surgery (GS) residency affects an applicant's competitiveness from the perspective of fellowship programs. DESIGN A web-based survey was sent to all 235 accredited fellowship programs in CRS (n = 66), MIS/Bar (n = 122), and SO/HPB (n = 47) within the United States and Canada. Fellowship programs were queried on the import of robotic surgery training during GS residency and its impact on an applicant's match potential. RESULTS Of 235 programs, 155 (66%) responded to the survey – 42 (63.6%) CRS, 87 (71.3%) MIS/Bar, and 26 (55.3%) SO/HPB. Of responding programs, 147 (94.8%) have a surgical robot at their institution, and 131 (84.5%) have fellows actively operating at the console. Overall, 107 (69%) fellowship program directors rated robotic training during surgery residency as “somewhat” or “very” important for residents seeking fellowship. While 95 (61.3%) programs said GS residents should not prioritize robotic training, 60 (38.7%) felt they should, and 38 (24.5%) were more likely to rank an applicant higher if they had some console exposure. Still, 69.7% (n = 108) of programs expect no robotic experience for incoming fellows. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that most fellowship programs have low expectations of robotic experience for incoming fellows. Still, it is notable that nearly a quarter of programs would rank an applicant more highly if they had robotic console exposure. While these findings appear reassuring to residents with limited access to robotic training, residency programs should be alerted to the growing importance of robotic exposure.
Abstract 5276: Secretory pathway calcium ATPase 2 (SPCA2) promotes cell survival and chemoresistance in receptor positive breast cancer cells

Introduction: Dysregulation of the Ca2+ toolkit has profound consequences for tumor growth and metastasis, raising hopes for novel avenues of therapeutic intervention. The Secretory Pathway Ca2+-ATPase Isoform 2 (SPCA2) has a dual function in sequestering Ca2+ and Mn2+ into secretory stores as well as eliciting their entry into cells by activating plasma membrane ion channels. We have previously showed that SPCA2 is implicated in breast cancer progression, microcalcifications, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. Methods and Results: High SPCA2 expression was associated with poor overall survival in receptor positive breast cancer patients (n=548, P =8.7e-0.6; KM Plotter). Depletion of SPCA2 (SPCA2 KD) in MCF-7 cells significantly reduced cell proliferation (P Conclusion: These novel findings point to a causal link between SPCA2, breast cancer progression, and chemoresistance to DNA damaging agents. Decrease of SPCA2 expression by curcumin may have therapeutic potential in treating receptor positive breast cancer. Citation Format: Monish Ram Makena, Donna Dang, Allatah Mekile, Phillip Buckhaults, Rajini Rao. Secretory pathway calcium ATPase 2 (SPCA2) promotes cell survival and chemoresistance in receptor positive breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5276.
Nearly Dimension-Independent Sparse Linear Bandit over Small Action Spaces via Best Subset Selection.

We consider the stochastic contextual bandit problem under the high dimensional linear model. We focus on the case where the action space is finite and random, with each action associated with a randomly generated contextual covariate. This setting finds essential applications such as personalized recommendation, online advertisement, and personalized medicine. However, it is very challenging as we need to balance exploration and exploitation. We propose doubly growing epochs and estimating the parameter using the best subset selection method, which is easy to implement in practice. This approach achieves $ \tilde{\mathcal{O}}(s\sqrt{T})$ regret with high probability, which is nearly independent in the ``ambient'' regression model dimension $d$. We further attain a sharper $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(\sqrt{sT})$ regret by using the \textsc{SupLinUCB} framework and match the minimax lower bound of low-dimensional linear stochastic bandit problems. Finally, we conduct extensive numerical experiments to demonstrate the applicability and robustness of our algorithms empirically.
Word frequency does not moderate the degree to which people can selectively attend to parts of visually presented words.

Whether attention is allocated to an entire word or can be confined to part of a word was examined in an experiment using a visual composite task. Participants saw a study word, a cue to attend to ...
Systemic tuberculosis presenting as parotid abscess: Case report

Abstract Objectives Tuberculosis (TB) parotitis is a relatively uncommon presentation and can easily be missed as the first sign of systemic TB. The objective of this report is to describe a case that illustrates the importance of consideration of mycobacterial causes of parotid abscess. Methods A single institutional case report with chart review and review of the literature. This study was exempt from the Institutional Review Board of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Results We present the case of a Bangladeshi female with a parotid abscess that was drained and cultured with no organisms identified on gram stain or bacterial culture. The patient's wound drainage improved on antibiotic therapy but did not fully resolve. Six weeks after presentation, she decompensated unexpectedly and, on extensive workup, was found to have systemic TB. Conclusion This case highlights the difficulty encountered in identifying this rare presentation of systemic TB and the importance of early consideration and diagnosis of TB parotitis.
Toward a Pedagogy of Cultural Relevance

A pressing challenge facing the education system is the persistent under achievement that exists along racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic lines. This underachievement is existing even amidst the current reform efforts that address how science is learned, standards-based education movements, increased testing, and an unprecedented surge in charter schools across the country. While not every student will select careers in science, the knowledge is required for making informed decisions and as citizens, be able to secure economic independence. One of the factors identified by researchers that have contributed to the marginalization of populations of learners, is the lack of cultural competence existing in the schools. Experiences in the PD program challenged the teachers to attend to their cultural competences which included purposefully valuing the diverse cultural experiences of their learners and understanding the impact of cultural interactions on students’ learning. Thus, in selecting their practitioner inquiry, some teachers studied their practices in relation to minority populations of students in their classrooms. The three teachers in this chapter described how they examined their practices and the strategies they adapted to provide culturally responsive learning experiences.
Molecular Detection of Blast Resistance Genes of Major Varieties of Rice in Jilin Province

[Objective] The aim was to detect the blast resistance genes of major varieties of rice in Jilin Province. [Method]The molecular identification of resistance genes in 24 varieties of rice in Jilin province was done using 10 molecular markers closely linked with blast resistance genes of rice. [Result] The blast resistance genes Pib,Pi1,Pikh,Pia were widespread lacked in the 24 major varieties of rice; 17 of the 24 varieties didn't contain Pi9 gene,especially the " Jijing 88" and " Changbaijiu" didn't contain Pi9 gene which had the largest planting area in Jilin province; " Jijing 88" contained 5 resistance genes Pita,Pikm,Pi2,Pi-d2 and Piz. [Conclusion] Pib,Pi1,Pikh,Pia,Pi9were the main resistance genes for the improvement of blast resistance of major varieties of rice in Jilin Province.
Asymptotics for semi-discrete entropic optimal transport

We compute exact second-order asymptotics for the cost of an optimal solution to the entropic optimal transport problem in the continuous-to-discrete, or semi-discrete, setting. In contrast to the discrete-discrete or continuous-continuous case, we show that the first-order term in this expansion vanishes but the second-order term does not, so that in the semi-discrete setting the difference in cost between the unregularized and regularized solution is quadratic in the inverse regularization parameter, with a leading constant that depends explicitly on the value of the density at the points of discontinuity of the optimal unregularized map between the measures. We develop these results by proving new pointwise convergence rates of the solutions to the dual problem, which may be of independent interest.
A Bioglass-Based Antibiotic (Vancomycin) Releasing Bone Void Filling Putty to Treat Osteomyelitis and Aid Bone Healing

While the infection rate after primary total joint replacements (TJR) sits at 1–2%, for trauma-related surgery, it can be as high as 3.6 to 21.2% based on the type of trauma; the risk of reinfection after revision surgery is even higher. Current treatments with antibiotic-releasing PMMA-based bone cement/ beads and/or systemic antibiotic after surgical debridement do not provide effective treatment due to fluctuating antibiotic levels at the site of infection, leading to insufficient local antibiotic concentration. In addition, non-biodegradable PMMA does not support bone regrowth in the debrided void spaces and often must be removed in an additional surgery. Here, we report a bioactive glass or bioglass (BG) substrate-based biodegradable, easy to fabricate “press fitting” antibiotic-releasing bone void filling (ABVF-BG) putty to provide effective local antibiotic release at the site of infection along with support for bone regeneration. The ABVF-BG putty formulation had homogenously distributed BG particles, a porous structure, and showed putty-like ease of handling. Furthermore, the ABVF-BG putty demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activity for up to 6 weeks. Finally, the ABVF-BG putty was biodegradable in vivo and showed 100% bacterial eradication (as shown by bacterial cell counts) in the treatment group, which received ABVF-BG putty, compared to the infection control group, where all the rats had a high bacterial load (4.63 × 106 ± 7.9 × 105 CFU/gram bone) and sustained osteomyelitis. The ABVF-BG putty also supported bone growth in the void space as indicated by a combination of histology, µCT, and X-ray imaging. The potential for simultaneous infection treatment and bone healing using the developed BG-based ABVF-BG putty is promising as an alternative treatment option for osteomyelitis.
Minimum Wage and Firm Variety

Exploiting minimum-wage variation within multi-state commuting zones, we document a negative relationship between minimum wages and firm variety in the U.S. restaurant and retail trade industries. To explain this finding, we construct a heterogeneous-firm model with a monopsonistic labor market and endogenous firm variety. The decentralized equilibrium underprovides the mass of firms compared to the outcome achieved by a welfare-maximizing planner. A binding minimum wage further reduces the mass of firms, exacerbating the distortion. Workers value employer variety, and thus, by reducing firm variety the minimum wage reduces workers’ welfare even if the average wage increases.
Models of Drainage and Rupture of Thin Electrolyte Films on Flat and Structured Solid Substrates

Abstract Studies of drainage and rupture of thin layers of aqueous solutions are important for a number of applications such as flotation, development of lab-on-a-chip devices, and microscale two-phase cooling systems. We develop a model of a draining liquid elec- trolyte film between a gas bubble and solid wall. The model is based on coupling of capillarity, viscous flow, and electrostatic effects described by the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Our approach leads to a more accurate description of drainage than the earlier studies based on the concept of the electrostatic component of disjoining pressure since they accounted for the electrostatic contributions to the normal stress but not the shear stress balance at the fluid interface. We apply our model to the derivation of stability criteria for an electrolyte film on a charged solid substrate. Then, the problem of film stability on a substrate structured by an array of gas-filled grooves is analyzed using the Floquet theory.
Strange bonding in a parallel world

10 INTRODUCTION 11 COMPUTATIONAL METHODS 16 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 18 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 25 REFERENCES 26 PAPER 2 : A NEW TWIST ON PSEUDOROTATION 44 DISCUSSION 46 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 49 REFERENCES 50 PAPER 3 : A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF PSEUDOROTATION IN PH4F 55 ABSTRACT 57
Emerging decontamination techniques for meat

Publisher Summary Due to consumers' demands for foods of high quality and convenience possessing natural and fresh flavor, texture, and appearance, the food industry, research institutions, and regulatory agencies are more and more interested in novel processing technologies of foods that are commonly referred to as non-thermal processing technologies. These emerging decontamination technologies usually use little heat to preserve the product while minimizing quality and nutrient losses. These technologies include high Hydrostatic Pressure Processing (HPP), Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF), shock waves, high-intensity light, carbon dioxide treatment, electrolyzed water treatment, ultrasonics, gas plasma treatment, and oscillating magnetic fields. Each of the above emerging technologies has its merits and disadvantages. This chapter describes non-thermal processing technologies and their potential for commercial processing of meat products and discusses briefly future trends. The technologies discussed in the chapter include HPP, shock wave technology, high-intensity light, carbon dioxide treatment, ultrasonics, and surface decontamination with electrolyzed water, gas plasma, and magnetic fields.
Cultivation of Pasteurella haemolytica in a Casein Hydrolysate Medium.

The growth of Pasteurella haemolytica strain H44L was studied under aerobic conditions in a medium of acid-hydrolyzed casein, supplementary cysteine, inorganic salts, vitamins, and a carbon source. The concentration of casein hydrolysate necessary for optimal growth was 1.5 or 2.0%, depending upon the carbon source employed. Essential vitamins were calcium pantothenate, nicotinamide, and thiamine. Concentrations as low as 0.01 μg/ml of thiamine monophosphate or thiamine pyrophosphate supported maximal growth, but thiamine hydrochloride or thiamine nitrate were active only at the unusually high levels of 10 to 20 μg/ml. The best carbon sources were d-galactose or sucrose. Maximal growth resulted from an inoculum containing fewer than 10 cells per milliliter of medium. Cellular yields averaged 6 × 109 to 7 × 109 cells per milliliter for the test organism and five other strains of P. haemolytica isolated from cases of bovine respiratory diseases.
Well-Being and Fair Distribution: Beyond Cost-Benefit Analysis

Introduction Chapter 1. Preliminaries: Morality, Consequentialism, Welfarism Chapter 2. The SWF Approach and its Competitors Chapter 3. Well-Being and Interpersonal Comparisons Chapter 4. Estimating Utilities Chapter 5. The Case for a Continuous Prioritarian SWF Chapter 6. Lifetime Prioritarianism Chapter 7. Ranking Actions: Prioritarianism under Uncertainty Chapter 8. Next Steps
Interaction and Grammar.

Interaction and Grammar. Elinor Ochs, Emanuel A. Schegloff. and Sandra A. Thompson. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966. 468 pp.
“I Didn't Recognize It as a Bad Experience until I was Much Older”: Age, Experience, and Workers’ Perceptions of Sexual Harassment

Analyzing interview data from 33 women and men, we examine how perceptions of sexual harassment are linked to age, experience, and historical context. Participants described workplace experiences from adolescence into their late twenties. Three themes emerged. First, as adolescents, respondents perceived some of the sexualized interactions they experienced at work as fun. Second, while participants did not define some of their early experiences as sexual harassment at the time, they do so today. Finally, participants suggested that prior work experiences changed their ideas about workplace interactions and themselves as workers. In sum, we find age is a fundamental dimension of power shaping individuals’ perceptions of sexualized interactions at work.
Reproductive physiology of the clouded leopard: I. Electroejaculates contain high proportions of pleiomorphic spermatozoa throughout the year.

Ejaculates were analyzed from clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa) subjected to a regimented anesthesia/electroejaculation protocol. Group I males (n = 4), maintained individually in an environment with natural fluctuations in photoperiod, were electroejaculated on the same day at monthly intervals (January-December). Group II clouded leopards (n = 8), maintained in random zoo populations throughout the U.S., were evaluated on a single occasion. Phase contrast and electron microscopy indicated a high proportion of structurally abnormal spermatozoa in seminal fluid (Group I range, 14.8-78.9%; Group II range, 32.3-93.0%), the predominant deformity being a tightly coiled flagellum. Semen quality, including spermatozoal concentration and the incidence of abnormal sperm forms, varied (p less than 0.05) among males. Evaluating the numbers of motile spermatozoa/ejaculate (MS/E) among individual males from Group I on a monthly basis suggested a seasonal influence; gradually increasing MS/E values with peaks in June and July were observed in three of four animals. A simultaneous analysis of international breeding records for captive female clouded leopards demonstrated that 46.2% of parturitions occurred in March and April, indicating that most estrual periods occurred from late December through February. These data suggest that a physiological asymmetry may exist in peak reproductive performance between the male and female clouded leopard, perhaps as a result of differing adaptations to the captive environment. Motile spermatozoa can be recovered throughout the year using electroejaculation and, when used over time, a standardized procedure can determine a hierarchy of seminal quality among males of unknown reproductive potential. The relatively high proportions of structurally abnormal spermatozoa in the ejaculates of the clouded leopard may be related to a low degree of genetic variation within the species and/or hyperadrenal activity in captive populations.
Anal squamous cell carcinoma: An evolution in disease and management

Anal cancer represents less than 1% of all new cancers diagnosed annually in the United States. Yet, despite the relative paucity of cases, the incidence of anal cancer has seen a steady about 2% rise each year over the last decade. As such, all healthcare providers need to be cognizant of the evaluation and treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma. While chemoradiation remains the mainstay of therapy for most patients with anal cancer, surgery may still be required in recurrent, recalcitrant and palliative disease. In this manuscript, we will explore the diagnosis and management of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus.
Growth and teat ownership in a litter of binturongs

Teat ownership has been hypothesized to reduce competition among littermates and has been documented in several species. This study was conducted at the Conservation and Research Center to determine if competition and ownership occurred in the binturong (Arctictis binturong). One litter of four cubs was observed for 2 h, three times per day for 16 wk. Cubs showed definite teat preferences, but no exclusive ownership. Competition, as measured by teat fighting, occurred most frequently for the inguinal pair of mammae. The cubs that suckled most frequently on the inguinal teats had a faster growth rate after day 45. Thus, based on suckle frequency, fight frequency, and growth rates, binturong cubs prefer the inguinal pair of teats.
Metal oxides/CNT nano-composite catalysts for oxygen reduction/oxygen evolution in alkaline media

Abstract A series of highly active state-of-the-art catalysts have been synthesized by depositing high loadings of transition metal oxides (MnO2, Co3O4, NiO, CuO and FexOy) onto nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for bi-functional catalysis in alkaline media. The metal oxides have been dispersed onto functionalized CNTs by an improved impregnation method. This novel, synthetic approach allows for both the preparation of functionalized nitrogen-doped CNTs as well as the even dispersion of metal oxides onto the walls of the CNTs. The catalysts have been characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transition electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. Catalytic activity has been measured using a Rotating Disc Electrode (RDE) experiment. The resulting catalysts are stable in alkaline media under experimental conditions and have high bi-functional electrocatalytic activity—both for the oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER). From this series of catalysts, the most active catalyst for ORR is the 50 wt% MnO2/CNT catalyst with a half-wave potential of 0.84 V at the current density of −2.1 mA cm−2 and an onset at 0.98 V versus RHE. The most active for OER is the 50 wt% NiO/CNT catalyst with an onset potential at 1.45 V versus RHE.
Influence of Heating Rate on Transformations in an 18 per cent Nickel Maraging Steel

SOME observations were made of the effect of heating rate on the martensite (M)→austenite (γ) reversion in a 300-grade 18 per cent nickel maraging steel. These are discussed here with reference to dilatometry, although the conclusions drawn are based also on other sources. Heating rates varied from 0.0037° to 1,200° F/sec, and covered a much wider range than has been reported for alloys of this type1. The composition of the material in wt per cent is as follows: 18.40 nickel, 8.86 cobalt, 0.60 titanium, 0.09 aluminium, 0.02 carbon, 0.04 silicon, 0.05 chromium, 0.06 vanadium, 0.008 sulphur, 0.007 phosphorus, 0.016 zirconium, 0.003 boron, 0.05 calcium (added). All specimens were initially in the annealed-martensitic condition.
Response of the intermaxillary suture cartilage to alterations in masticatory function.

Like the condylar cartilage of the mandible, the cartilage at the intermaxillary suture in the rat is secondary in origin and persists well into adulthood. While the condylar cartilage is generally considered to be responsive to changes in its local biomechanical environment, little is known of the response of the intermaxillary suture cartilage to similar stimuli. In order to study the effect of changes in occlusal loads on intermaxillary suture cartilage metabolism, male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: soft diet (to discourage molar mastication), incisor clipped (to discourage incision), incisor clipped/soft diet (both treatments), and control (untreated). At 39 days of age, the intermaxillary suture opposite the first molars was removed and compared to control tissue by using histological, histochemical, and biochemical analyses. Alcian blue-stained coronal sections demonstrated moderate decreases in staining intensity and decreased chondrocyte hypertrophy in the soft diet and incisor-clipped groups. However, sutures in the incisor-clipped/soft diet group showed a considerably reduced extent of cartilage and greatly diminished cartilage hypertrophy. [35S]-sulfate incorporation (dpm/micrograms DNA) into acid-insoluble proteoglycans was significantly reduced (P less than or equal to .01) in all three experimental groups compared to controls. [35S] incorporation was further reduced in the incisor-clipped/soft diet group relative to both of the other experimental groups. Staining for alkaline phosphatase activity showed decreased intensity in the experimental groups and was almost absent in the incisor-clipped/soft diet group. These data demonstrate the plasticity of the intermaxillary suture cartilage and provide circumstantial evidence that the observed changes in cartilage morphology and metabolism may be attributable to alterations in the local biomechanical environment of the suture.
Sequential detection and concentration estimation of chemical vapors using range-resolved lidar with frequency-agile lasers

This paper extends our earlier work in developing statistically optimal algorithms for estimating the range- dependent concentration of multiple vapor materials using multiwavelength frequency-agile lidar with a fixed set of wavelength bursts to the case of a time series processor that recursively updates the estimates as new data become available. The concentration estimates are used to detect the presence of one or more vapor materials by a sequential approach that accumulates likelihood in time for each range cell. A Bayesian methodology is used to construct the concentration estimates with a prior concentration smoothness constraint chosen to produce numerically stable results at longer ranges having weak signal return. The approach is illustrated on synthetic and actual field test data collected by SBCCOM.
Stability of argECBH messenger RNA under arginine excess or restriction

Summary The decay of mRNA's corresponding to the argECBH gene cluster of Escherichia coli has been studied by RNA-DNA hybridization methods. In the argA−argR+ strain 39A-23R3, the mRNA's were labeled with tritiated uridine either during message accumulation by arginine starvation or during growth under conditions derepressive for the arginine system. The decay of the messages was followed, in the presence of a repressive ( l -arginine hydrochloride) or a restrictive (α- N -acetyl- l -ornithine) arginine source, by measuring the disappearance of radioactive label after a chase with cold uridine or after treatment of the cells with rifampicin or after both. Accumulated argECBH messages show half-lives of 1.5 and 4.3 min for arginine excess and arginine restriction, respectively. Under conditions of growth, i. e., under physiological conditions, the corresponding half-lives are 1.6 and 6.6 min.
EXACT INTEGRAL OPERATOR FORM OF THE WIGNER DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTION EQUATION IN MANY-BODY QUANTUM TRANSPORT THEORY

A formal derivation of a generalized equation of a Wigner distribution function including all many-body effects and all scattering mechanisms is given. The result is given in integral operator form suitable for application to the numerical modeling of quantum tunneling and quantum interference solid state devices. In the absence of scattering and many-body effects, the result reduces to the “noninteracting-particle” Wigner distribution function equation, often used to simulate resonant tunneling devices. The derivation uses a Weyl transform technique which can easily incorporate Bloch electrons. Weyl transforms of self-energies are derived. Various simplifications of a general quantum transport equation for semiconductor device analysis and self-consistent numerical simulation of a quantum distribution function in the phase-space/frequency-time domain are discussed. Recent attempts to include collisions in the Wigner distribution-function approach to the numerical simulation of tunneling devices are clearly shown to be non-self-consistent and inaccurate; more accurate numerical simulation is needed for a deeper understanding of the effects of collision and scattering.
Cognitive support technologies for people with TBI: current usage and challenges experienced

AbstractPurpose: We investigated the current use of off-the-shelf cognitive support technologies (CSTs) by individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), the challenges they and their caregivers face when using these technologies, the functional areas where support is needed, and their current experience in learning new technologies. Method: We conducted two focus groups with participants with TBI and their caregivers. Focus group interactions were captured using recordings and a court reporter. Transcripts were analyzed qualitatively. Results: We identified three core themes – consumer and caregiver self-reported needs for support, how support is used on a daily basis and consumer and caregiver attitudes towards the use of support by types of support. We also inferred implications for design of CSTs. Conclusions: Individuals with TBI use consumer available technologies to support cognition. The design of most of these devices is not targeted to meet the needs of people with TBI, and they can be challengi...
The Effects of Thermal Disorder on the Solution-Scattering Profiles of Macromolecules

The solution-scattering profiles of macromolecules are significantly affected by the thermal motions of their atoms, especially at wide scattering angles, even when only a single conformational state is significantly populated in solution. Here it is shown that the impact thermal motions have on the molecular component of the solution-scattering profile of a single-state macromolecule can be predicted accurately if the variances and covariances of the thermal excursions of its atoms from their average positions are known.
Towards a minimal architecture for a printable, modular, and robust sensing skin

This work presents a low-complexity modular sensor grid architecture to provide a smart skin to non-convex shapes, such as a robot body and legs. To configure a sensing skin shaped by arbitrary cuts and rapid changes in designs, we use a wavefront planning approach to generate a minimum-depth spanning tree of an arbitrary topology of contiguous, regularly arranged modular sensing units on a flexible substrate wired network. A Finite State Machine protocol for extracting this topology and sensor information is shown that is robust to destructive sensor loss, device failure, and transmission noise. The architecture is designed to require as little state complexity at each node as possible to minimize the area and cost of such a network implemented in printable semiconductor technology. Simulation data show recovery from network failures and extension of the architecture to larger networks with arbitrary geometry, and a sample synthesis of the verified architecture logic is shown to have a very low state and combinational logic complexity. A proof-of-concept implementation of the architecture using microcontrollers and optical proximity sensors on a flexible substrate show integration with a Scaled Composite Manufacturing process used for Biomimetic Millirobots.
Tumor necrosis factor blockade in the management of children with orphan diseases

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockade has been used successfully to treat a number of rheumatic disorders that have a substantial burden of illness. In children, the TNF antagonists are used mainly for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). There are, however, a variety of rare systemic inflammatory diseases, in which TNF blockade appears promising. Preliminary data in adults suggest that several forms of vasculitis appear to be responsive to TNF antagonists-Behcet's disease, polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener granulomatosis, among others. Some of them respond better to infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal anti-TNF antibody, than to etanercept, a recombinant p75 TNF receptor. We describe our limited experience with infliximab in the treatment of three children with rare vasculitic conditions.