cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond Making Ends Meet: DNA-PK, Metabolism, and Aging

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a central player in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, shows emerging roles in metabolic regulation. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Park et al. (2017) elucidate a molecular mechanism whereby DNA-PK negatively regulates AMPK, contributing to metabolic and fitness decline during aging.
G232(P) Improving Rates of Neonatal Screening at a Tertiary Paediatric Cardiac Centre

Aims In our department neonates are admitted soon after birth for management of congenital heart disease. Due to the urgency of their underlying condition, routine screening including the Newborn and Infant Examination (NIPE) can often be overlooked. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of our department in performing neonatal screening, and to improve our performance and hence the quality of care provided to our patients. Methods In a retrospective study, notes of neonates discharged from the unit between March and July 2016 were reviewed to determine if they had a NIPE, hearing screen and immunisations as per national standards. Following these results, areas of improvement were identified and a neonatal checklist was introduced. Another audit cycle to assess the effect of these changes will be performed in February 2017. Results This first audit cycle found that 44% of neonates did not have NIPE completed by the time of their discharge. None of the patients included in our study underwent hearing screening or were given the BCG vaccine (although eligible). Conclusion As per national standards set out by the Department of Health England, acceptable performance threshold for NIPE examinations is ≥95.0%. The first audit cycle identified that our department fell well below these standards. We have therefore introduced a neonatal checklist as an aid to prompt medical and nursing teams to ensure that all neonates admitted to the unit have appropriate screening. In addition, all the necessary equipment (e.g. ophthalmoscope, measuring tapes and red books) has been made available in the clinical areas. Further audit will be carried out to establish the impact of the interventions and whether the change has been sustained.
A Comprehensive Theoretical Analysis of Hole Ballistic Velocity in Si, SiGe, and Ge: Effect of Uniaxial Strain, Crystallographic Orientation, Body Thickness, and Gate Architecture

This paper presents a detailed theoretical analysis of the implications of nanoscale device structures on the average hole ballistic velocity calculated from quantum-mechanical strain-dependent $6\times 6~\text {k} \cdot \text {p}$ band-structure simulations. The simulations show that the crystallographic orientation of the uniaxial strain, channel, and surface affect the average ballistic velocity by modifying the energy–momentum (E − k) dispersion of the subbands (from which the ballistic velocity is calculated). Conversely, the analysis shows that semiconductor-body thickness and gate architecture influence the ballistic velocity by modifying the quantum confinement in the structure, which ultimately affects the relative hole occupation of ${k}$ -states across different subbands. Key results of the work show that a 5-nm-body thickness yields a 6%–12% increase in the ballistic velocity compared to a 10-nm body. Likewise, a single-gate architecture gives up to an 11% increase over a double gate, but the improvement is dependent on the crystallographic surface orientation. Strained Ge shows a significantly enhanced ballistic velocity relative to strained Si for both {100}- and {110}-surface orientations with a predicted hole ballistic velocity exceeding $2 \times 10^{7}$ cm/s at $\text{n}_\text{s}^{\text{v+}} = 5 \times 10^{12}$ #/cm2.
Electron Transfer between Electrically Conductive Minerals and Quinones.

Long-distance electron transfer in marine environments couples physically separated redox half-reactions, impacting biogeochemical cycles of iron, sulfur and carbon. Bacterial bio-electrochemical systems that facilitate electron transfer via conductive filaments or across man-made electrodes are well known, but the impact of abiotic currents across naturally occurring conductive and semiconducitve minerals is poorly understood. In this paper I use cyclic voltammetry to explore electron transfer between electrodes made of common iron minerals (magnetite, hematite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, mackinawite and greigite), and hydroquinones – a class of organic molecules found in carbon-rich sediments. Of all tested minerals, only pyrite and magnetite showed an increase in electric current in the presence of organic molecules, with pyrite showing excellent electrocatalytic performance. Pyrite electrodes performed better than commercially available glassy carbon electrodes and showed higher peak currents, lower overpotential values and a smaller separation between oxidation and reduction peaks for each tested quinone. Hydroquinone oxidation on pyrite surfaces was reversible, diffusion controlled, and stable over a large number of potential cycles. Given the ubiquity of both pyrite and quinones, abiotic electron transfer between minerals and organic molecules is likely widespread in Nature and may contribute to several different phenomena, including anaerobic respiration of a wide variety of microorganisms in temporally anoxic zones or in the proximity of hydrothermal vent chimneys, as well as quinone cycling and the propagation of anoxic zones in organic rich waters. Finally, interactions between pyrite and quinones make use of electrochemical gradients that have been suggested as an important source of energy for the origins of life on Earth. Ubiquinones and iron sulfide clusters are common redox cofactors found in electron transport chains across all domains of life and interactions between quinones and pyrite might have been an early analogue of this ubiquitous systems.
Lipoprotein(a) screening in patients with controlled traditional risk factors undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an inherited atherogenic lipoprotein and an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; however, its clinical role remains limited. Objective We hypothesized that Lp(a) screening in high cardiovascular risk patients could provide insight into disease pathogenesis and modify physician behavior for treatment intensification targeting traditional risk factors when Lp(a)-related risk was identified. Methods We screened 113 patients presenting electively for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for Lp(a) who met any of the following criteria: (1) premature coronary artery disease (male age Results In this high-risk cohort, Lp(a) was elevated in nearly half of all subjects, including those with seemingly well-controlled lipids by prior guidelines, suggesting a role for Lp(a) in conferring residual cardiovascular risk. In our cohort, when screened positive, knowledge of an elevated Lp(a) did not influence referring physicians' treatment intensification targeting traditional modifiable cardiovascular risk factors ( P = .18). Conclusion When screened judiciously, elevated levels of Lp(a) are highly prevalent in high cardiovascular risk patients, including at a young age, presenting for PCI and may contribute to previously unappreciated residual cardiovascular risk.
Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty for Gunshot Injury-Induced Secondary Arthritis of the Hip: What Are the Outcomes?

Gunshot wound (GSW) injuries around the hip joint can lead to debilitating post-traumatic arthritis, requiring a technically demanding primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). These surgeries are often complicated by bullet debris, extensive scaring, prior operations, and altered local anatomy. Although most literature focuses on acute management of GSW around the hip, a few reports detail the mid-term outcomes of GSW patients with primary THA for post-traumatic arthritis. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes and complications associated with THA in nine patients with secondary arthritis due to prior GSW injuries. At a mean follow-up of 35 months (range 12–60 months), significant improvement was shown in hip function, activity, and pain levels, and was similar to the outcomes of 18 patients who underwent primary THA for degenerative joint disease. While technically demanding, THA seems to reduce pain and improve function safely and effectively for patients with GSW-induced hip arthritis.
Rhodamine 6G hexa­chlorido­stannate(IV) acetonitrile disolvate

In the title compound, bis({6-ethylamino-10-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-2,7-dimethylxanthen-3-ylidene}ethanaminium) hexachloridotin(IV) acetonitrile disolvate, (C27H29N2O3)2[SnCl6]·2C2H3N, the octa­hedral SnCl62− anion lies on an inversion center. The xanthene ring system is essentially planar, with an average deviation of 0.020 A, and the substituent benzene ring forms a dihedral angle of 85.89 (2)° with it. The Sn—Cl distances are in the range 2.4237 (3)–2.4454 (3) A. There are N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds between SnCl62− ions and rhodamine 6G cations as well as π–π stacking inter­actions between rhodamine 6G cations (inter­planar distance of 3.827 A).
Management of Airway Obstruction

Death by acute airway obstruction has been recognized for centuries. George Washington is thought to have died in 1799 from upper airway obstruction p caused by acute bacterial epiglottitis (1). Although letting of more than 2 L of blood out of their patient, President Washington’s physicians apparently discussed performing a tracheotomy, a procedure that had been described in detail only the year before. However, they did not have the courage to carry out the new procedure on the retired president of the United States. Dr. R. K. Haugen wrote a now-classic description of the problem of choking in 1963 (2). He described what he termed the cafe coronary:
The Role of Immune Mechanisms in Pathogenesis

Although most coxsackievirus (CV) infections in humans are mild and frequently asymptomatic, in some individuals more serious manifestations develop, including meningitis, paralysis, encephalitis, type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and myocarditis.1–3 Association of particular viral infections with certain diseases usually depends on demonstration of rising antibody titers to the pathogen and a compatible clinical history. In both IDDM and myocarditis, approximately 50% of recently diagnosed patients demonstrate two- to fourfold rises in CV-specific antibodies compared with less than 20% of control patients.2,3 Furthermore, several studies report dramatic increases in new diabetes and myocarditis cases coinciding with known CV epidemics and also demonstrate definite seasonality for these diseases (fall and winter) that correlate remarkably well with the seasonal distribution of Picornavirus infections.2,3 Despite the nearly convincing circumstantial evidence of CV etiology in myocarditis and diabetes, infectious virus is only rarely isolated from patients with active disease.3
Direct numerical simulations of multifluid flows in a vertical channel undergoing topology changes

Multifluid flows with changes in the topology of the interface separating the different fluids, in a turbulent vertical channel, are examined using direct numerical simulations. The results show how different surface tension changes the evolution of the flow and the interface topology.
A Flexible Mixed Additive-Multiplicative Model for Load Forecasting in a Smart Grid Setting

This paper presents a mixed additive-multiplicative model for load forecasting that can be flexibly adapted to accommodate various forecasting needs in a Smart Grid setting. The flexibility of the model allows forecasting the load at different levels: system level, transform substation level, and feeder level. It also enables us to conduct short-term, medium and long-term load forecasting. The model decomposes load into two additive parts. One is independent of weather but dependent on the day of the week (d) and hour of the day (h), denoted as \(L_0(d,h)\). The other is the product of a weather-independent normal load, \(L_1(d,h)\), and weather-dependent factor, f(w). Weather information (w) includes the ambient temperature, relative humidity and their lagged versions. This method has been evaluated on real data for system level, transformer level and feeder level in the Northeastern part of the USA. Unlike many other forecasting methods, this method does not suffer from the accumulation and propagation of errors from prior hours.
Origins and Destinations, Distances and Directions: Accounting for the Journey in the Emotion Regulation Process

The literatures on emotion regulation and emotional labor have generated a considerable amount of knowledge on the relative effectiveness of how people regulate their emotional displays when their ...
Series representations for the Apery constant $$\zeta (3)$$ ζ ( 3 ) involving the values $$\zeta (2n)$$ ζ ( 2 n )

In this note, using the well-known series representation for the Clausen function, we also provide some new representations of Apery’s constant $$\zeta (3)$$ . In addition, by an idea from De Amo et al. (Proc Am Math Soc 139:1441–1444, 2011) we derive some new rational series representations involving even zeta values and central binomial coefficients. These formulas are expressed in terms of odd and even values of the Riemann zeta function and odd values of the Dirichlet beta function. In particular cases, we recover some well-known series representations of $$\pi $$ .
Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by social communication challenges and repetitive behaviors that may be quickly detected by experts (Autism Res 10:653–62, 2017; American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). Recent research suggests that even naive non-experts judge a variety of human dimensions using narrow windows of experience called “first impressions.” Growing recognition of sex differences in a variety of observable behaviors in ASD, combined with research showing that some autistic girls and women may “camouflage” outward symptoms, suggests it may be more difficult for naive conversation partners to detect ASD symptoms in girls. Here, we explore the first impressions made by boys and girls with ASD and typically developing (TD) peers. Ninety-three school-aged children with ASD or TD were matched on IQ; autistic girls and boys were additionally matched on autism symptom severity using the ADOS-2. Participants completed a 5-minute “get-to-know-you” conversation with a new young adult acquaintance. Immediately after the conversation, confederates rated participants on a variety of dimensions. Our primary analysis compared conversation ratings between groups (ASD boys, ASD girls, TD boys, TD girls). Autistic girls were rated more positively than autistic boys by novel conversation partners (better perceived social communication ability), despite comparable autism symptom severity as rated by expert clinicians (equivalent true social communication ability). Boys with ASD were rated more negatively than typical boys and typical girls by novel conversation partners as well as expert clinicians. There was no significant difference in the first impressions made by autistic girls compared to typical girls during conversations with a novel conversation partner, but autistic girls were rated lower than typical girls by expert clinicians. This study cannot speak to the ways in which first impressions may differ for younger children, adults, or individuals who are not verbally fluent; in addition, there were more autistic boys than girls in our sample, making it difficult to detect small effects. First impressions made during naturalistic conversations with non-expert conversation partners could—in combination with clinical ratings and parent report—shed light on the nature and effects of behavioral differences between girls and boys on the autism spectrum.
Modeling gas–shell mixing in ICF with separated reactants

Mixing between fuel and shell materials in ICF implosions can affect implosion dynamics and even prevent ignition. We use data from a series of separated reactant experiments on the National Ignition Facility to calibrate and test the predictive power of gas–shell mix models. Two models are used to estimate fuel–shell mix: a Reynolds-averaged turbulence model and molecular diffusion. Minor uncertainties in capsule manufacture, experimental conditions, and values for mix model parameters produce significant variation in simulation results. Using input/output pairs from 1D simulations, we train Gaussian process surrogate models to predict experimental quantities of interest. The surrogates are used to construct posteriors for mix model parameters by marginalizing over uncertainties in capsule manufacture and experimental conditions. Mix models are calibrated with a subset of experimental data (neutron yields, ion temperature, and bang time) and tested using the remaining data. In general, both the diffusion and turbulence model correctly predict experimental DT and TT neutron yields. Despite having more free parameters, the turbulence model underpredicts ion temperature at high convergence ratio. The simpler diffusion model correctly predicts these temperatures, suggesting nonhydrodynamic gas–shell mix. The computational model consistently overpredicts DD neutron yield, indicating possible shortcomings outside of the mix model.
Analysis of Stakeholder Engagement in the Public Comments of ICER Draft Evidence Reports.

Background Health technology assessment is becoming increasingly important to healthcare payers' decision-making. The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) is the most established US-based research group performing value assessments. ICER provides opportunities for stakeholder engagement, including a window of opportunity for public comments on the draft evidence report. Those public comments were reviewed in this study. Objectives To determine which stakeholders are most often commenting on ICER technology appraisal reports and to examine what aspects of the reports are the topics of these comments. Method We reviewed 7 ICER reports, which were used to extract stakeholder comments. All the identified comments were evaluated by 2 trained reviewers independently for stakeholder type, comment nature (positive or negative), and focus of comments (eg, methodology, data, real-world experience). Statistical analyses were used to analyze the reports for any associations between the frequency of the comments and the stakeholder type by therapeutic area. Results A total of 463 comments were identified within the 55 letter submissions identified across the 7 ICER reviews that were included in the study. The quantity of the comments generally reflected the quantity of therapies that were included in the review. Drug manufacturers (63.1%), patients or patient advocacy groups (18.1%), and providers or provider groups (9.7%) were the stakeholders most often engaged in the public comments. The comments most often addressed the methodology of the value assessment (53.8%). Comments about missing data (14%), general criticism (8.2%), and general support (2.2%) were less common. Conclusion ICER is committed to engaging stakeholders in their value assessment process and adapting their strategies to improve such communications. Although ICER aims to influence payer decision-making, drug manufacturers were the most involved stakeholder in the assessment process, and they were most concerned with ICER's methodology. These results show the impact that ICER may have on decision-making in healthcare, emphasize the incentives that ICER drives for certain stakeholders, and highlight areas for further investigation.
Structured Pruning of RRAM Crossbars for Efficient In-Memory Computing Acceleration of Deep Neural Networks

The high computational complexity and a large number of parameters of deep neural networks (DNNs) become the most intensive burden of deep learning hardware design, limiting efficient storage and deployment. With the advantage of high-density storage, non-volatility, and low energy consumption, resistive RAM (RRAM) crossbar based in-memory computing (IMC) has emerged as a promising technique for DNN acceleration. To fully exploit crossbar-based IMC efficiency, a systematic compression design that considers both hardware and algorithm is necessary. In this brief, we present a system-level design considering the low precision weight and activation, structured pruning, and RRAM crossbar mapping. The proposed multi-group Lasso algorithm and hardware implementations have been evaluated on ResNet/VGG models for CIFAR-10/ImageNet datasets. With the fully quantized 4-bit ResNet-18 for CIFAR-10, we achieve up to $65.4\times $ compression compared to full-precision software baseline, and $7\times $ energy reduction compared to the 4-bit unpruned RRAM IMC hardware with 1.1% accuracy loss. For the fully quantized 4-bit ResNet-18 model for ImageNet dataset, we achieve up to $10.9\times $ structured compression with 1.9% accuracy degradation.
Multicolor Ramsey numbers for Berge cycles

In this paper, for small uniformities, we determine the order of magnitude of the multicolor Ramsey numbers for Berge cycles of length $4$, $5$, $6$, $7$, $10$, or $11$. Our result follows from a more general setup which can be applied to other hypergraph Ramsey problems. Using this, we additionally determine the order of magnitude of the multicolor Ramsey number for Berge-$K_{a,b}$ for certain $a$, $b$, and uniformities.
Multimethod investigation of the neurobiological basis of ADHD symptomatology in children aged 9-10: baseline data from the ABCD study.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with numerous neurocognitive deficits, including poor working memory and difficulty inhibiting undesirable behaviors that cause academic and behavioral problems in children. Prior work has attempted to determine how these differences are instantiated in the structure and function of the brain, but much of that work has been done in small samples, focused on older adolescents or adults, and used statistical approaches that were not robust to model overfitting. The current study used cross-validated elastic net regression to predict a continuous measure of ADHD symptomatology using brain morphometry and activation during tasks of working memory, inhibitory control, and reward processing, with separate models for each MRI measure. The best model using activation during the working memory task to predict ADHD symptomatology had an out-of-sample R2 = 2% and was robust to residualizing the effects of age, sex, race, parental income and education, handedness, pubertal status, and internalizing symptoms from ADHD symptomatology. This model used reduced activation in task positive regions and reduced deactivation in task negative regions to predict ADHD symptomatology. The best model with morphometry alone predicted ADHD symptomatology with an R2 = 1% but this effect dissipated when including covariates. The inhibitory control and reward tasks did not yield generalizable models. In summary, these analyses show, with a large and well-characterized sample, that the brain correlates of ADHD symptomatology are modest in effect size and captured best by brain morphometry and activation during a working memory task.
Streptamine-Containing Antibioti Cs

Publisher Summary Streptomycin is clinically used for the treatment of tuberculosis, systemic infections by gram-negative bacteria, and bacterial infections of the urinary tract as therapeutic use described in the chapter. The usual dose is 0.5 to 1.0 g per day by intra muscular injection. The streptomycin hydrochloride was further purified by chromatography on acid-washed aluminum oxide in a ratio of 10 to 30 g of adsorbent to 1 g streptomycin hydrochloride concentrate. The columns were filled with the adsorbent and methanol, and the solvent was allowed to drain until a layer of solvent above the adsorbent was approximately 1 to 2 mm deep. The precipitate was removed by filtration and the filtrate was treated with 3g of activated carbon and filtered. The filtrate was diluted to 50 ml and then lyophilized yielding about 17. 2 g of purified streptomycin sulfate. The column was then back washed with water until the pH of the effluent liquid was about 10.5. The filtered broth obtained from a streptomycin-producing fermentation was adjusted to pH 7 and passed over the column at a rate, such that the broth was in contact with the resin for about 1 min.
Protecting Copyright in the Digital Environment: Suggested Amendments to the 2005 Civil Code to Clarify the Boundary Between Protection and Access

Perfection of intellectual property laws in the face of new technologies and new communication media is a constant challenge for all countries since the printing press was first created. The upcoming modifications to the 2005 Civil Code of The Socialist Republic of Vietnam provide an invaluable opportunity to engage in a wide-ranging, critical discussion of the civil law methods and techniques that can be adapted to meet the challenges of the digital environment of the 21st Century. By including emerging international civil law techniques to combat digital piracy in the upcoming modifications, Vietnam can continue its efforts to perfect its copyright laws to reflect the benefits and necessities of the global digital environment. With its 2005 Civil Code and other legal instruments relating to copyright protection, including the 2005 Law on Intellectual Property and its membership in such critical international intellectual property organizations as the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) and the World Trade Organization (“WTO”), Vietnam has already created a strong legal protection regime for authors and copyright owners. The relatively few provisions governing copyright relations contained in the 2005 Civil Code provide the fundamental tools for creating a copyright protection regime for the “hard goods” world. But they do not expressly address the right of authors to control the distribution of their works in the digital universe or the methods which should be used to effect such control. Subsequent legal instruments demonstrate a growing recognition that the Internet and other digital environments require special protection measures, including granting copyright owners the right to apply technological protection measures and to secure administrative electronic removal of infringing work. Amending the 2005 Civil Code to include a greater focus on digital protection issues would enhance these efforts. The process of amending the 2005 Civil Code would also provide an excellent opportunity to perfect existing laws, allowing the removal of obvious inconsistencies between the Code and the 2005 IP Law (and others) while providing a platform on which to build future protection norms for the growing challenges posed to copyright use and protection in the digital environment.
The Government of “Democratic Centralism”: Political Institutions under the Constitution of 1954

“Democratic centralism” is the characteristic of the government system of all socialist countries, which practice centralism on the basis of democracy, and democracy under central guidance. The people’s authority is vested in the people’s congresses, which elect and supervise the people’s councils on the same levels for the execution and administration of the policies and programs decided by the congresses. In Communist China, the plenary session of the CPPCC functioned as the temporary National People’s Congress during the transitional period of 1949–1954. On the local level, the all-circles representative conferences exercised certain powers and functions of the local people’s congresses. With the promulgation of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China in 1954, the people’s congresses became the supreme authority on both national and local levels.
A Direct Comparison of Enclosed Track Plates and Remote Cameras in Detecting Fishers, Martes pennanti , in North Dakota

Fishers ( Martes pennanti ) historically were reported to occupy forested areas of northeastern North Dakota, but the population was presumed extirpated during the 1900s as a result of overtrapping. Recently (≤15 years), Fishers have been recolonizing the state, and there is increasing interest in developing approaches for monitoring the population. During the period June–August 2008, we compared the efficacy of remote cameras and enclosed track plates in detecting Fishers in riparian forest along portions of the drainage basin of the Red River of the North in eastern North Dakota. We monitored 122 scent stations, each composed of both detection devices, with the remote camera positioned to monitor the entrance of the enclosed track plate. Fishers were detected at 40 of the 122 scent stations (32.8%) distributed along approximately 790 km of riparian forest. Among those 40 stations, Fishers were detected by both camera and track plate at 28 stations (70.0%), by camera only at 9 stations (22.5%), and on track plates only at 3 stations (7.5%). Overall, Fishers were detected 37 times by camera (92.5%) and 31 times on a track plate (77.5%). From photographic evidence at the 37 stations where Fishers were detected by camera, we determined that the average latency to initial detection was 4.8 days (SE 0.3, range 1–8). Among the 37 stations where Fishers were detected by camera, detections most frequently occurred on one (27 sites) (73.0%) or two days (7 sites) (19.0%) of a detection period.
Induction chemotherapy (CT) with weekly paclitaxel, carboplatin, and cetuximab for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HN)

5520 Background: To further determine the potential efficacy of combining cetuximab with chemotherapy, we conducted a phase II trial with induction CT consisting of 6 weekly cycles of paclitaxel 13...
Welfare Effect of Exporting the High-Tech Intermediate Products for a Newly Industrialized Country

One of the main concerns for the newly industrialized countries toward trade liberalization is that technology spillover from exporting the high-tech intermediate goods will benefit the final goods production in other developing countries. Furthermore, those developing countries will then compete with the newly industrialized countries in exporting the final goods to other countries. This paper builds a three-country theoretical model that has considered those side effects to simulate the effects of trade liberalization on a newly industrialized country, which has the comparative advantage in producing high-tech intermediate goods. The model shows that when the newly industrialized country liberalizes the export of the high-tech intermediate goods to the developing country, the latter's export of the final good to the third country becomes more competitive and the global welfare level goes up. However, the welfare level for the former might go down since its export of the final good is hampered. To partially internalize the benefit from specialization, the newly industrialized country can liberalize the import of the final good from the developing country in the meantime. The model also shows that when both countries play a simultaneous move game on their respective trade policies, there are many possible policy combinations that are welfare-improving for both countries compared to the Nash equilibrium outcome. This suggests that instead of letting both countries interact strategically without negotiation, the role of some trade agreements would be crucial.
Nutritional assessment and treatment of chronic renal failure

The experience with chronic renal failure in two institutions, a tertiary care referral hospital with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and a Veterans Administration Hospital, was utilized to formulate guidelines for the nutritional assessment and therapy of chronic renal failure. For optimal nutritional support of patients with renal failure, it is important to characterize objectively nutritional deficiencies. Thus, dietary history, anthropometric measurements (weight/height ratio, arm muscle circumference, and triceps skinfold), and serum protein measurements (total protein, albumin, and transferrin, in particular) provide valuable data concerning the nutritional status of the patient. The serum urea nitrogen to serum creatinine ratio and urea nitrogen appearance are useful for selecting optimal protein intake. The serum urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio must be interpreted with respect to the factors which influence it; i.e., the urea clearance and the urea nitrogen appearance. The goal of nutritional therapy is the preservation of body cell mass and function, fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis, mineral balances, and with early use of dialysis, the avoidance of uremic toxicity. Nutritional therapy, especially in patients with superimposed illnesses and associated anorexia, may be enhanced by the use of formula feedings, tube feedings, and, if necessary, total parenteral nutrition.
The Inadequacy of Short Knee Radiographs in Evaluating Coronal Alignment After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Prior studies have associated coronal alignment after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with implant survivorship. Results have been based on either the femorotibial angle (FTA) on a short knee film or the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) on a full-length radiograph. The purpose of this study was to determine if the FTA on short knee radiographs can accurately predict the true HKA alignment after TKA. Methods Two orthopedic surgeons measured the FTA, HKA, medial proximal tibial angle, and lateral distal femoral angle in 262 patients who had both short and full-length standing radiographs before and/or after primary TKA. Overall coronal alignment was considered neutral if the FTA was between 2.4° and 7.2° on short knee x-rays or if the HKA was between −3° and 3° on full-length films. Results Preoperatively, 13.9% (26/187) of knees had a neutral FTA on short films, but 50% (13/26) of those were in varus or valgus on full-length films. Postoperatively, 51.4% (106/206) of knees had a neutral FTA on short films, but 27.4% (29/106) of those knees were in varus or valgus on full-length films. When comparing alignment classifications (neutral, varus, or valgus) based on the short vs full-length images, 13.9% (26/187) of patients had discordant classifications on preoperative imaging, and 33.0% (68/206) had discordant classifications on postoperative imaging. Conclusion A significant proportion of patients were misclassified as varus, valgus, or neutral based on the FTA when compared to the HKA. Short knee x-rays serve as an inaccurate proxy for full-length films when assessing coronal alignment after TKA.
Comparative Differential Rating — A Practical Method for Assessing User Preference among Design Alternatives

During the early stages of designing user interfaces within the software industry, it is common for several alternatives to emerge before arriving at a final design. Although formative testing can be used to assess user preference among the alternatives, resource constraints imposed by the industry can easily render such testing impractical. This paper introduces comparative differential rating (CDR) as a simple, efficient formative testing method for assessing user preference among design alternatives. Users assign preference ratings to each alternative by making paired comparisons of the alternatives on a differential scale. Alternatives rated lower than the most highly rated alternative are discarded while those remaining are candidates for the final design. Unlike more complex paired comparison methods that use multiple criteria to obtain ratings, such as analytic hierarchy process (AHP), CDR is intended for simple, frequent cases early in the design process where multiple alternatives emerge and user...
The possibilities in neighborhoods – Utilizing accessory apartments in existing homes to address social, environmental, and economic issues

Society has changed radically since the construction of many of the homes within American communities, which has resulted in these structures becoming increasingly incapable of meeting the demands created by, and exacerbating the problems of, contemporary life. This study focuses on housing within Sacramento, California, which similar to of many cities within the country has a large infrastructure of bungalow and ranch style homes. The specific social, economic and environmental changes that have occurred within the city since the construction of these homes and the resulting issues and unmet needs of homeowners are examined. From this information co-residency is explored as a solution for addressing those needs. Finally, examples of the home design revisions necessary to support these patterns of living are illustrated for the bungalow and ranch typologies common within Sacramento.
Inoculum Density and Population Dynamics of Suppressive and PathogenicStreptomycesStrains and Their Relationship to Biological Control of Potato Scab

Abstract Several Streptomyces strains are capable of suppressing potato scab caused by Streptomyces scabies. Although these strains have been successful in the biocontrol of potato scab in the field, little is known about how populations of pathogenic Streptomyces in the potato rhizosphere are influenced by inoculation of the suppressive strains. The effects of inoculum densities of pathogenic and suppressive Streptomyces strains on their respective populations on roots and in rhizosphere soil were examined during the growing season. The relationships between inoculum density or rhizosphere population densities and disease severity were also investigated. Populations of suppressive Streptomyces strain 93 increased significantly on roots with increasing inoculum dose. At its highest inoculum dose, the suppressive strain reached a population density greater than 10 6 CFU/g root 14 weeks after planting. The ability of the suppressive strain to increase its populations with increasing inoculum density was hindered at high inoculum doses of the pathogen, suggesting that density-dependent competitive interactions may be occurring between the two antagonists. Strain 93 was most effective at preventing scab early in the growing season (8 weeks after planting), when tubers were most susceptible to the scab disease. Population densities of the suppressive strain in soil were more highly negatively correlated with scab severity than were populations on roots, suggesting that rhizosphere soil rather than potato roots may be the primary source of inoculum of the suppressive strain for tubers.
Redox Regulation of Cdc25C

The Cdc25 family of dual specific phosphatases are critical components of cell cycle progression and checkpoint control. Certain stresses such as ultraviolet light stimulate the rapid and selective destruction of Cdc25A protein through a Chk1 protein kinase-dependent pathway. We demonstrate that in contrast to cellular stresses previously examined, hydrogen peroxide exposure affects Cdc25C but not Cdc25A levels. Pharmacological inhibition of Chk1 activity or a mutant of Cdc25C that lacks the Chk1 phosphorylation site still undergoes degradation in response to oxidants. We also demonstrate that in vitro hydrogen peroxide stimulates an intramolecular disulfide bond between the active site cysteine at position 377 and another invariant cysteine at position 330. The in vivo stability of Cdc25C is substantially reduced by the mutation of either of these two cysteine residues. In contrast, a double (C2) mutant of both cysteine 330 and cysteine 377 results in a protein that is more stable than wild type Cdc25C and is resistant to oxidative stress-induced degradation. In addition, the C2 mutant, which is unable to form an intramolecular disulfide bond, has reduced binding to 14-3-3 in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that oxidative stress may induce cell cycle arrest in part through the degradation of Cdc25C.
Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Hydroxytriazines

Hydroxytriazines are environmental decomposition products of s-triazine herbicides. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in various formats for the detection of hydroxypropazine, hydroxyatrazine, and hydroxysimazine were developed. 6-{4-Methoxy-6-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}aminohexanoic acid was used as the immunizing hapten. One of the resulting ELISAs has IC 50 values of 0.002, 0.004, and 0.017 μM (0.4, 0.8, and 3.1 ppb) for hydroxypropazine, hydroxyatrazine, and hydroxysimazine, respectively. This ELISA utilizes a coated antigen format with a simazine-mercaptopropanoic acid hapten conjugated to conalbumin as the coating antigen. The assay parameters are unchanged at pH values between 5.0 and 8.0 and at ionic strengths from 0.13 to 1.0 M phosphate-buffered saline. Methanol does not affect the assay up to 13%, whereas acetonitrile and acetone cause a decrease of sensitivity at 3.1%. Groundwater fortified with hydroxyatrazine was analyzed according to this method. Good correlations with spike levels were observed, making this assay potentially valuable for the screening of groundwater samples containing parts per trillion levels of hydroxytriazine contamination.
Triggering of the thumb with de Quervain's stenosing tendovaginitis.

Abstract Triggering with de Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis has rarely been mentioned since de Quervain's original description. Either or both the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons may be responsible. Without detailed examination testing specifically for triggering, the entity may be overlooked. We have encountered nine patients with triggering in the first dorsal compartment. The five with surgical release had complete resolution of symptoms; the four treated nonoperatively have improved but still have symtoms. Triggering may represent a more severe form of de Quervain's tendovaginitis.
Modeling for military system by weighted complex networks

Hierarchy of military systems is developing to network structure. For seeking laws of warfare in information age, this article improved the simple approach of using Lanchester equations set to determine combating capability, and introduced complex network theory to the research of military forces SoSs. We introduced the concept of weighted complex networks to research the modeling of military systems. With using link weight to characterize the interaction between nodes it is clear that link weight of each side will keep changing along with the evolution of the network structure. Starting from critical features of military systems, this paper simulated the attendance and destruction of combating units, also the generation and disappearance of cooperative relationship, and abstract an evolving model based on the interacting and non-linear priority growth of new nodes and internal edges which substitutes the real system and the dynamic development. In accordance with rules in the model, we simulated the establishment of military systems by MATLAB, and analyzed its properties. In conclusion, the clustering coefficient, average path length and efficiency are according to power-law obviously. Finally, military system may have a fractal structure according to the self-similarity reflected by power-law nature of the model.
Fatigue among Spanish- and English-speaking Latinos.

SUMMARY The present study investigated sociodemographic differences, fatigue severity, and the occurrence of prolonged or chronic fatigue reported by Spanish-speaking and English-speaking Latinos. The sample included 2,102 English-speaking Latinos and 1,348 Spanish-speaking Latinos interviewed as part of an epidemiological study of persons with chronic fatigue syndrome in the Chicago area. Results indicated that English-speaking Latinos scored higher on measure of fatigue than Spanish-speaking Latinos. Further, language status continued to be a predictor of fatigue level even when controlling for other sociodemographic differences found between the groups. Findings suggest that language spoken in Latino populations is important in predicting fatigue, and point to the potential importance of cultural factors such as acculturation or acculturative stresses.
Karl Renner and the Politics of Accommodation: Moderation versus Revenge

Karl Renner's political life encompasses the history of Austria's empire and her two twentieth-century republics, making him the foremost leader of Austrian democratic politics. Renner was also the most innovative theoretician on the nationalities question which plagued the Habsburg monarchy and the twentieth-century world. He was chancellor of Austria's first republic, leader of the right-wing Social Democrats, and president of the post-World War II Second Republic. A study of his life and politics offers a perspective on the origins of the moderate, adaptive, political personality and on the tension between ideology and accommodation to the point where it is difficult to determine what core of principle remained.
The initiation of traveling pulses from self-organized oscillations in the iron–nitric acid system

The spatio–temporal dynamics of dissolution patterns on low-carbon steel wires submerged in nitric acid solution are studied in an electrolytic cell by means of optical detection. The cathodic steel wire can segregate into different macroscopic domains. With increasing distance from the external anode, these domains are characterized by constant dissolution, rapidly pulsating oscillations, excitable behavior, and constant passivity. For nitric acid concentrations between 10.5 M and 12.0 M, the fast oscillations trigger traveling waves that experience propagation failures far from the anode. The rhythm of successful wave generation is typically slower and less regular than the rhythm of the rapid oscillations.
Plasma immunoreactive erythropoietin in normal women studied sequentially during and after pregnancy

Abstract Six healthy, nonanemic women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies were sequentially studied for plasma immunoreactive erythropoietin levels, hematologic indices, and human placental lactogen. Mean group levels of erythropoietin as well as human placental lactogen were significantly increased (p
Evidence against a Permanently Folded Nucleation Sequence in the Intrinsically Disordered Protein Stathmin Measured by Site-Directed Spin Labeling EPR Spectroscopy

After their relatively recent discovery and classification, it has been shown that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play essential roles in cellular regulation and signal transduction. Stathmin is a eukaryotic IDP responsible for regulating the polymerization equilibrium between the tubulin heterodimer and microtubules, and is also highly expressed in cancerous cells. Stathmin exists in a highly-ordered folded state when bound to its binding partner tubulin; however, alone in solution, as an IDP lacking those stabilizing binding interactions, stathmin is likely to explore conformational space in various equilibria between partially and completely folded states. Interestingly, it has been suggested that soluble stathmin has a short helical region (Glu55-Ala73) of persistent foldedness, and that this region might act as an α-helical ‘nucleation sequence' necessary for further folding in the C-terminal direction. Alternatively, we believe that the complete length of stathmin exists in a folding-unfolding equilibrium, and here we report data supporting this hypothesis. Nitroxide spin labeled mutants of stathmin throughout the Glu55-Ala73 region - rotationally immobilized through coupling to CNBr-activated sepharose beads - were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The continuous wave EPR spectra for all 19 spin labeled mutants unambiguously indicate that this region of stathmin exists in a dynamic equilibrium between folded (ordered) and unfolded (disordered) states, and that no such helical nucleation sequence exists. We also show that this folding equilibrium in stathmin is shifted by the common biochemical viscosity modifiers sucrose, glycerol, and Ficoll-70.