cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PhyLAT: a phylogenetic local alignment tool

Motivation: The expansion of DNA sequencing capacity has enabled the sequencing of whole genomes from a number of related species. These genomes can be combined in a multiple alignment that provides useful information about the evolutionary history at each genomic locus. One area in which evolutionary information can productively be exploited is in aligning a new sequence to a database of existing, aligned genomes. However, existing high-throughput alignment tools are not designed to work effectively with multiple genome alignments. Results: We introduce PhyLAT, the phylogenetic local alignment tool, to compute local alignments of a query sequence against a fixed multiple-genome alignment of closely related species. PhyLAT uses a known phylogenetic tree on the species in the multiple alignment to improve the quality of its computed alignments while also estimating the placement of the query on this tree. It combines a probabilistic approach to alignment with seeding and expansion heuristics to accelerate discovery of significant alignments. We provide evidence, using alignments of human chromosome 22 against a five-species alignment from the UCSC Genome Browser database, that PhyLAT's alignments are more accurate than those of other commonly used programs, including BLAST, POY, MAFFT, MUSCLE and CLUSTAL. PhyLAT also identifies more alignments in coding DNA than does pairwise alignment alone. Finally, our tool determines the evolutionary relationship of query sequences to the database more accurately than do POY, RAxML, EPA or pplacer. Availability: www.cse.wustl.edu/~htsun/phylat Contact: ude.ltsuw@oatgnohnus Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Utilizing a Simulation Exercise to Illustrate Critical Inventory Management Concepts.

Most undergraduate business students simply do not appreciate the elegant mathematical beauty of inventory models. So how does an instructor capture students’ interest and keep them engaged in the learning process when teaching inventory management concepts? This paper describes a competitive and energizing in-class simulation game that introduces students to basic inventory management concepts. This hands-on, active-learning exercise presents students with a simulated single-product inventory environment that requires them to make ordering decisions in an attempt to minimize the total relevant inventory costs in the face of variable demand.
Privacy analysis of user association logs in a large-scale wireless LAN

User association logs play an important role in wireless network research. One concern of sharing such logs with other researchers, however, is that they pose potential privacy risks for the network users. Today, the common practice in sanitizing these logs before releasing them to the public is to anonymize users' sensitive information, such as their devices' MAC addresses and their exact association locations. In this work, we aim to study whether such sanitization measures are sufficient to protect user privacy. By simulating an adversary's role, we propose a novel type of correlation attack in which the adversary uses the anonymized association log to build signatures against each user, and when combined with auxiliary information, such signatures can help to identify users within the anonymized log. Using a user association log that contains more than four thousand users and millions of association records, we demonstrate that this attack technique, under certain circumstances, is able to pinpoint the victim's identity exactly with a probability as high as 70%, or narrow it down to a set of 20 candidates with a probability close to 100%.We further evaluate the effectiveness of standard anonymization techniques, including generalization and perturbation, in mitigating correlation attacks; our experimental results reveal only limited success of these methods, suggesting that more thorough treatment is needed when anonymizing wireless user association logs before public release.
Effect of suspended particulate and dissolved organic matter on remote sensing of coastal and riverine waters

We use remote sensing reflectance (RSR) together with the inherent optical properties of suspended particulates to determine the backscattering ratio bb/b for coastal waters. We examine the wavelength dependence of bb(λ) and f(λ)/Q(λ) and establish the conditions when C(λ) in RSR(λ) ≅ C(λ)bb(λ)/a(λ) can be treated as a constant. We found that for case 2 waters, RSR was insensitive to the natural fluctuations in particle-size distributions. The cross-sectional area of the suspended particulate per unit volume, xg, showed an excellent correlation with the volume scattering coefficient.
Effect of protein concentration in the diet on blood composition and productivity of lactating Holstein cows under thermal stress

An experiment was designed to assess the effect of thermal stress and protein value of the diet on the productivity and some of the blood organic constituents of lactating Holstein cows. Two groups of eight animals each were used in 2 × 2 Latin-square designs with two experimental diets. The percentage of crude protein in the diets was 14.3 and 20.8 %.Rectal temperature and respiration rate were recorded twice weekly and jugular blood samples were collected at weekly intervals for analysis. Daily feed intake, refusals and milk production per cow were recorded. Representative samples of morning and afternoon milk were taken three times a week for chemical analysis.Data on respiration rate and rectal temperature suggested that both groups of animals were under thermal stress. However, significantly lower values were found by increasing the protein level of the diet. The higher level of protein significantly increased total milk production, 4 % fat-corrected milk (4 % FCM), total solids, solidsnot-fat, protein percentage and yield, casein and non-protein-nitrogen in milk. The increase in milk production and 4 % FCM was found to be associated with the increase in total feed and total-digestible-nutrients intake but not with crude-protein intake. Protein levels in the diet had no effect on fat percentage and yield nor on whey protein.The correlation coefficients between respiration rate and rectal temperature with some of the blood organic constituents suggested an inverse relation between thermal stress and the blood organic constituents. The higher level of protein in the diet significantly increased haemoglobin levels but had no effect on oxyhaemoglobin, haemoglobin:oxyhaemoglobin ratio and haematocrit value. Total serum protein was not affected by thermal stress or by the protein value of the diet. Increasing protein levels in the diet increased albumin but decreased the globulin fraction of serum protein. Plasma glucose and non-protein nitrogen were increased by increasing the protein in the diet.
Attention deficit disorder and conduct disorder: longitudinal evidence for a familial subtype.

Background An obstacle to the successful classification of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the frequently reported co-morbidity between ADHD and conduct disorder (CD). Prior work suggested that from a familial perspective, ADHD children with CD may be aetiologically distinct from those without CD. Methods Using family study methodology and three longitudinal assessments over 4 years, we tested hypotheses about patterns of familial association between ADHD, CD, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and adult antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Results At the 4-year follow-up, there were 34 children with lifetime diagnoses of ADHD + CD, 59 with ADHD + ODD and 33 with ADHD only. These were compared with 92 non-ADHD, non-CD, non-ODD control probands. Familial risk analysis revealed the following: (1) relatives of each ADHD proband subgroup were at significantly greater risk for ADHD and ODD than relatives of normal controls; (2) rates of CD and ASPD were elevated among relatives of ADHD + CD probands only; (3) the co-aggregation of ADHD and the antisocial disorders could not be accounted for by marriages between ADHD and antisocial spouses; and (4) both ADHD and antisocial disorders occurred in the same relatives more often than expected by chance alone. Conclusions These findings suggest that ADHD with and without antisocial disorders may be aetiologically distinct disorders and provide evidence for the nosologic validity of ICD-10 hyperkinetic conduct disorder.
Linking Job Design to Subjective Career Success: A Test of Self-Determination Theory

We tested a predictive model based on self-determination theory (SDT) to demonstrate how job design choices contribute to subjective career success. Data collected at Time 1 demonstrated that the job characteristics of autonomy support and competence support had direct and interactive effects on employees’ need satisfaction. Need satisfaction at Time 1 mediated the relationship between autonomy support and self-determined work motivation at Time 2. Work motivation, in turn, mediated the relationships between need fulfillment and career attitudes that characterize subjective career success. These findings are theoretically important because they demonstrate that SDT can bridge job design theory and career theory, pointing to new ways that job and career experiences are interrelated. From a practical standpoint, the results are valuable because they show that job enrichment efforts guided by SDT have important implications for promoting career success perceptions and vocational retention among experienced w...
Medical treatment of pituitary tumors

A brief review of appropriate drug therapy in hyperprolactinemia, prolactinoma, and acromegaly.
Solubility of Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane in Water-Methanol Solvent Mixtures and Medium Effects in the Dissociation of the Protonated Base

The dissociation constant of the protonated form of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane has been measured at 25 °C in water-methanol solvents containing 30, 50, 70, and 90 wt percent methanol by means of potentiometric titrations. The solubility of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane at 15, 25, and 35 °C in water-methanol solvents containing from 0 to 100 percent methanol has been determined. The results are discussed in terms of free energies of transfer and "medium effects" for hydrochloric acid, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride.
Nitrogen trace gas fluxes from a semiarid subtropical savanna under woody legume encroachment

Savanna ecosystems are a major source of nitrogen (N) trace gases that influence air quality and climate. These systems are experiencing widespread encroachment by woody plants, frequently associated with large increases in soil N, with no consensus on implications for trace gas emissions. We investigated the impact of encroachment by N-fixing tree Prosopis glandulosa on total reactive N gas flux (Nt = NO + N2O + NOy + NH3) from south Texas savanna soils over 2 years. Contrary to expectations, upland Prosopis groves did not have greater Nt fluxes than adjacent unencroached grasslands. However, abiotic conditions (temperature, rainfall, and topography) were strong drivers. Emissions from moist, low-lying Prosopis playas were up to 3 times higher than from Prosopis uplands. Though NO dominated emissions, NH3 and NOy (non-NO oxidized N) comprised 12–16% of the total summer N flux (up to 7.9 µg N m−2 h−1). Flux responses to soil wetting were temperature dependent for NO, NH3, and NOy: a 15 mm rainfall event increased flux 3-fold to 22-fold after 24 h in summer but had no effect in winter. Repeated soil wetting reduced N flux responses, indicating substrate depletion as a likely control. Rapid (<1 min) increases in NO emissions following wetting of dry soils suggested that abiotic chemodenitrification contributes to pulse emissions. We conclude that temperature and wetting dynamics, rather than encroachment, are primary drivers of N flux from these upland savannas, with implications for future emission patterns under altered precipitation regimes.
Design and Optimization of an EEG-Based Brain Machine Interface (BMI) to an Upper-Limb Exoskeleton for Stroke Survivors

This study demonstrates the feasibility of detecting motor intent from brain activity of chronic stroke patients using an asynchronous electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain machine interface (BMI). Intent was inferred from movement related cortical potentials (MRCPs) measured over an optimized set of EEG electrodes. Successful intent detection triggered the motion of an upper-limb exoskeleton (MAHI Exo-II), to guide movement and to encourage active user participation by providing instantaneous sensory feedback. Several BMI design features were optimized to increase system performance in the presence of single-trial variability of MRCPs in the injured brain: (1) an adaptive time window was used for extracting features during BMI calibration; (2) training data from two consecutive days were pooled for BMI calibration to increase robustness to handle the day-to-day variations typical of EEG, and (3) BMI predictions were gated by residual electromyography (EMG) activity from the impaired arm, to reduce the number of false positives. This patient-specific BMI calibration approach can accommodate a broad spectrum of stroke patients with diverse motor capabilities. Following BMI optimization on day 3, testing of the closed-loop BMI-MAHI exoskeleton, on 4th and 5th days of the study, showed consistent BMI performance with overall mean true positive rate (TPR) = 62.7 ± 21.4% on day 4 and 67.1 ± 14.6% on day 5. The overall false positive rate (FPR) across subjects was 27.74 ± 37.46% on day 4 and 27.5 ± 35.64% on day 5; however for two subjects who had residual motor function and could benefit from the EMG-gated BMI, the mean FPR was quite low (< 10%). On average, motor intent was detected -367 ± 328 ms before movement onset during closed-loop operation. These findings provide evidence that closed-loop EEG-based BMI for stroke patients can be designed and optimized to perform well across multiple days without system recalibration.
Pivotal Politics and Initiative Use in the American States

The direct initiative process, often referred to as a gun behind the door, provides an incentive for legislators to pass legislation more in line with voters’ wishes. Concomitantly, legislative procedures such as the filibuster and executive veto often impede the ability of the legislature to pass policies. We explore the tension between these two forces by incorporating legislative procedures and initiative proposal into a spatial model of the policymaking process. We find that the ability to propose initiatives sometimes breaks legislative gridlock, but that other times pivotal players may prefer the initiative outcome and therefore prevent the legislature from preempting a ballot measure. In particular, we show that initiative use increases with the distance between pivotal actors and the median voter. An empirical analysis of initiative use in the American states provides support for this prediction.
Spontaneous cavitation and progressive accumulation of air in a metastatic mediastinal lymph node

A 70-year-oldman presentedwith progressive dyspnea, cough, andmild hemoptysis. Chest X-ray showed multiple cavitary lesions, prompting a computed tomography (CT) scan. The latter showed areas of ground-glass attenuation around multiple cystic lung lesions (Figure 1A), enlarged and necrotic mediastinal lymph nodes (LN), and, strikingly, a small amount of air within a necrotic LN in station 4R (Figure 1B). Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial lung biopsies, and endobronchial ultrasound–guided transbronchial needle aspiration were performed. The airway was normal. Both LN and lung tumor were consistent with an angiosarcoma, and infection was ruled out. Subsequent images (positron emission tomography–CT) obtained for staging purposes within 45 days of original CT findings showed progressive accumulation of air in a 4R LN (Figures 1C and 1D), with the patient being asymptomatic. Of note, this particular LN showed only necrosis and tumor cells by endobronchial ultrasound–guided transbronchial needle aspiration, and intranodal air was, in fact, Figure 1. (A) Ground-glass attenuation surrounding a cystic lung lesion (arrow). (B–D) Progressive accumulation of air in a metastatic right paratracheal lymph node (arrow).
Curative effect analysis of cefoperazone/sulbactam in the treatment of senile Hospital-acquired pneumonia

Objective To investigate the curative effect of cefoperazone/sulbactam in the treatment of senile Hospital-acquired pneumonia(HAP).Methods 98 cases of senile HAP in our hospital were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,meanwhile the control group treated with cefoperazone/sulbactam and the control group were treated with cefoperazone,and then the curative effect and bacterial eradication rate were compared between the two groups after treatment.Results The curative effect and bacterial eradication rate in experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion cefoperazone/sulbactam in elderly hospital-acquired pneumonia with a good therapeutic effect,the low resistance of its pathogens,can effectively improve the prognosis of patients,and reduce patients'mortality.
FDR Probe Structure Influence on the Soil Dielectric Spectrum Measurement

The soil dielectric spectrum are related to the soil physical properties,and those are affected by the structure of the probe too. In order to determine how the probe structure influence the soil dielectric spectrum measurement,the two kinds of soils were measured at four water content level by 10 mm and 14 mm spacing needle at 28 mm probe length,28 mm and 45 mm length needle at 10 mm spacing. It has been confirmed that the probe spacing has no effect on the soil dielectric spectrum measurement above 31. 2 MHz by comparing the dielectric spectrums,and the length of the probe can affect the real or imaginary part of the soil dielectric spectrum in the range of 0. 001 ~ 3 GHz. The research shows that the spacing of needle is not the key factor to the soil dielectric property measurement within a certain spacing,and the length of the probe has a greater influence on the soil dielectric property measurement. The smaller of the probe length, the larger of the dielectric relaxation frequency. Therefore,the probe length is the important factor that affect soil dielectric measurements. The FDR probe should be shorter,it is good to improve the measurement accuracy and environmental adaptation.
Selection of tissue or prosthetic valve: A five-year prospective, randomized comparison

After considerable experience, controversy persists between the selection of a tissue or prosthetic valve. In order to provide a nonbiased comparison, we designed a prospective, randomized study in September of 1970. Ninety-nine consecutive patients with isolated primary single valve replacement were randomized to tissue or prosthetic valves. The Tissue Bank supplied homografts which were either mounted for mitral replacement or used as free grafts for patients with small aortic roots. Starr-Edwards cloth-covered prostheses were used for comparison. There was an even distribution of patients by age, sex, valve lesion, and New York Heart Classification attesting to the accuracy of the random selection. Anticoagulants were used in 33 patients who had operative or embolic evidence of atrial clot or else history of thromboembolism. Thirty-five patients have undergone postoperative catheterization. Causes of death and valve failure are presented on an actuarial basis. Death in the Starr-Edwards patient group was sudden or due to fabric wear with subsequent thromboembolism, hemorrhage, or infection. We conclude that the tissue valve is a better choice for valve replacement. While there is no significant functional or hemodynamic apparent difference between the tissue and prosthetic valve, there is improvement in patient morbidity and mortality rate with the use of homografts, particularly in the aortic position. The primary cause of complications in the homograft is tissue deterioration, and this problem has been markedly reduced with the advent of glutaraldehyde fixation. No such advance in solving the problem of host incompatability with the prosthesis has been forthcoming.
[18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography correlation of gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of central nervous system neoplasia

PURPOSE To correlate the findings of gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA)-enhanced MR imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) in the evaluation of central nervous system neoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six lesions identified on noncontrast MR in 35 patients with biopsy-proved intracranial tumors were imaged with both T1-weighted Gd-DTPA MR at 1.5 T and [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). Eighteen women and 17 men with a mean age of 47.1 years (range 22-72) were studied. The degrees of Gd-DTPA enhancement and FDG uptake were rated separately, and then all scans were reviewed together. FDG uptake was graded 1-5. RESULTS Of the 35 lesions rated, 30 had Gd-DTPA enhancement and 28 of these were hypermetabolic (FDG accumulation greater than white matter) on PET (93% concordance). Twenty-six of 32 neoplastic lesions had Gd-DTPA enhancement. Twenty-four of these enhancing tumors were hypermetabolic. Only one lesion was completely missed on PET but identified on routine spin echo MR. CONCLUSION Gd-DTPA MR and FDG-PET are complementary and there is a high concordance of Gd-DTPA-enhancing tumours displaying FDG hypermetabolism. Although FDG hypermetabolism and Gd-DTPA enhancement are usually suggestive of high-grade malignancy, anaplastic astrocytomas may not enhance with Gd-DTPA and can be hypometabolic. In addition, benign intracranial tumors (two cases of meningioma) and radiation necrosis can be associated with both FDG uptake and Gd-DTPA enhancement.
The Cost of Not Being Out: Reflections on Efforts to Address LGBT Issues at a Large Southern Public University

Establishing a LGBT Center can be challenging, nowhere more so than at a large southern public university. Steven Thurston Oliver describes the process and what it taught him about the experiences ...
Alveolar macrophage urokinase receptors localize enzyme activity to the cell surface

Human alveolar macrophages are known to synthesize urokinase (uPA) and a specific plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI-2. In this study we have identified a uPA receptor expressed by these cells and defined the influence of PAI-2 on the interaction of uPA with its receptor. Alveolar macrophages from four normal volunteers were incubated with 55 kDa 125I-labeled uPA (0.24-8 nM) in the presence or absence of excess unlabeled uPA. Specific and saturable binding was demonstrable in all cases. Scatchard plots were linear; regression analysis revealed a mean Kd of 5.25 nM (range 3.2-6.7) and mean Bmax of 30.7 femtomoles/10(5) cells (range 21.5-34.5). The structure of the uPA receptor was defined by electroblotting membrane fractions of macrophages and sequentially exposing filters to uPA and uPA antibodies. Membranes from macrophages demonstrated binding of either uPA or a 15-kDa amino-terminal fragment of uPA to a 55- to 60-kDa glycosylated membrane protein. Binding of uPA to filters was blocked by a synthetic oligopeptide containing the known receptor binding region of native uPA. Preincubation of 125I-uPA with PAI-2 dramatically reduced the rate of association of uPA with macrophage uPA receptor. Conversely, receptor-bound uPA activity was less susceptible to inhibition by PAI-2 than soluble uPA activity. These data indicate that normal alveolar macrophages express uPA receptors. The receptor preferentially binds and protects free uPA over complexed enzyme, indicating that one function of the receptor is to allow the cells to express active uPA in an inhibitor-rich environment.
Progress in the Mechanical Simulation of Human Head-Neck Response

A mechanical neck has been constructed which simulates ±Gx human head motion in the automotive crash environment. The present design simulates head motion in the sagittal plane by means of a two pivot model. Pre-loading torques, as well as linear and non-linear torque elements, can be accommodated at each pivot location. The proposed method of validation is the matching of displacement-velocity response of the head as predicted by a two degree-of-freedom computer simulation with existing human data. Simulations have been performed using Daisy sled volunteer data; comparisons of head angular displacements and angular velocities show favorable correlation.
Nutritional Cues Tie Living Organisms to Their Environment and Its Sustainability

We connect modern, intensive agriculture’s role in environmental degradation to its role in producing nutritionally unbalanced foods, and delineate specific approaches to reduce agriculture’s environmental impact, while producing healthful foods. We call attention to recently discovered genetic programs used by all living organisms to respond to their environment, and present a model of how these programs change body composition and function (of humans and their crop plants and livestock alike) in response to environmental cues. We propose that production of nutritionally balanced crops and livestock requires careful consideration of how these plants and animals are grown; the composition of plant food is modulated by growing conditions, body composition of livestock reflects their feed; composition and function of human body and brain are strongly affected by how food plants and animals are produced. We selected four nutritional features not only involved in (i) governing human health by modulating these genetic programs, but (ii) also affected by agricultural practices. These nutritional features are fat composition (especially saturated fat and the ratio of polyunsaturated omega-6 oils to omega-3 oils), carbohydrate composition (especially the proportion of carbohydrates with a high glycemic index, such as sugars and quick-burning starches) and the level of antioxidant micronutrients. We not only outline threats to human health presented by the current environment, but also potential gains in quality-of-life in a future environment designed to optimize human wellness using insights into the gene-programming effect of diet- and other lifestyle-related factors. These gains could extend beyond optimal human physical and mental health to gains in workforce productivity. The same changes in agricultural practices required to achieve these gains in human health are also needed to support environmental health and sustainable food production. The resulting vision of optimal human health and environmental health, supported by sustainable practices, is intended as an inspiring image of what sustainability has to offer to individuals and society. Our goal is to provide a transparent overview and illustrations intelligible not only to non-experts in each of the other respective areas involved but also to policy makers and the public.
The Emergence of Complex Metallurgy on the Iranian Plateau

The Iranian Plateau was one of the heartlands of early copper metallurgy, yet it is also one of the least studied and least understood archaeometallurgical regions. Complex ore deposits combined with precocious technological know-how contributed to the development of an often unprecedented metallurgical tradition beginning in the Late Neolithic period and continuing through the Bronze Age. In this chapter, the development of metallurgy on the Iranian Plateau is juxtaposed against the better-known development of metallurgy in the Levant to show how different regions of Eurasia—even those connected through trade routes—maintained unique traditions. The evolution of metallurgy in one region cannot be used as a model for metallurgical development in another region unless direct technological transfer can be demonstrated.
Outcomes of microvascular free tissue transfer in twice-irradiated patients.

Background Patients may require microvascular free tissue transfer (MFTT) following re-irradiation for recurrent cancer or radiation complications. The objective of this study was to describe the indications for and outcomes of free flaps performed in twice-radiated patients. Methods A retrospective chart review identified the indications for and outcomes of 36 free flaps performed on 29 twice-irradiated patients. Results The free flap success rate was 92%. The most common indications requiring MFTT were cancer recurrence and osteoradionecrosis. Sixty-one percent experienced postoperative complications, most commonly wound infection (33%). Twenty-five percent of the procedures required return to the operating room due to postoperative complication. Conclusions MFTT can be successfully performed in the twice-irradiated patient population with a success rate comparable to singly-radiated patients. Despite a high success rate, there is also a high rate of surgical site complications, especially infection.
Confessing Preferences: What Foucault's Government of the Living Can Tell Us About Neoliberalism and Big Data

Foucault’s 1979-80 College de France lectures, On the Government of the Living, offer one way to situate the development of his later work, and in particular to understand his supposed turn away from biopolitics and governmentality to ethics and subjectivity. In this paper, I argue that (1) a unifying thread in most of Foucault’s work from the late 1970s onward is an increasing concern with the centrality of confession as a primary technology of power in the Christian West; and (2) Neoliberalism is deeply confessional, and therefore highly suspect from a Foucauldian standpoint. (3) These connections are particularly evident in a Foucauldian reading of data analytics (“big data”).
Mechanisms of eyewitness suggestibility: tests of the explanatory role hypothesis

In a recent paper, Chrobak and Zaragoza (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142(3), 827-844, 2013) proposed the explanatory role hypothesis, which posits that the likelihood of developing false memories for post-event suggestions is a function of the explanatory function the suggestion serves. In support of this hypothesis, they provided evidence that participant-witnesses were especially likely to develop false memories for their forced fabrications when their fabrications helped to explain outcomes they had witnessed. In three experiments, we test the generality of the explanatory role hypothesis as a mechanism of eyewitness suggestibility by assessing whether this hypothesis can predict suggestibility errors in (a) situations where the post-event suggestions are provided by the experimenter (as opposed to fabricated by the participant), and (b) across a variety of memory measures and measures of recollective experience. In support of the explanatory role hypothesis, participants were more likely to subsequently freely report (E1) and recollect the suggestions as part of the witnessed event (E2, source test) when the post-event suggestion helped to provide a causal explanation for a witnessed outcome than when it did not serve this explanatory role. Participants were also less likely to recollect the suggestions as part of the witnessed event (on measures of subjective experience) when their explanatory strength had been reduced by the presence of an alternative explanation that could explain the same outcome (E3, source test + warning). Collectively, the results provide strong evidence that the search for explanatory coherence influences people's tendency to misremember witnessing events that were only suggested to them.
The Art of the Periodic Table

ABSTRACT Captivated by the periodic table’s cultural power as one of the scientific icons, numerous contemporary visual artists transmute the table into a contemplation of its symbols and substance. This article employs a cross-disciplinary model of art criticism that focuses on the specific ways artists illuminate the periodic table’s cataloging innovation, memorable visuality, formal qualities and semiotic resonances.
Fundamentals and Functions of Soil Environment

Soil is a complex and dynamic natural system. The definition of soil varies widely, as it is dictated by its use and how we perceive it as a society for providing services, food, habitat, and enjoyment, where these functions are essential to soil health or quality. One well-established definition of soil is a medium that includes minerals, organic matter, countless organisms, liquid, and gases that together support life on earth through many services. Soil environment and functions are influenced by the parent materials and forming factors that contribute to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soils. This chapter addresses the basic soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and explores the interrelationships between different soil properties and functions as essential building blocks for a healthy functioning soil system. The soil physical environment includes components of soil structure, aggregation, soil water potential and water movement, and soil thermal regime, along with governing forces. The soil biological environment includes all soil organisms (macro- and microorganisms), soil–plant relationships (plant root–soil interactions), plant growth and soil microorganisms, and plant root interface and nutrient cycling. In addition, the soil chemical environment discussion focuses on soil nutrient capacity and supply, nutrient cycling, and nutrient pathways and mechanisms.
Biological Kinetic Behaviour of Completely Mixed Air and Pure Oxygen Systems

Abstract The biological kinetic behavior of completely mixed air and oxygen systems was studied and compared in both batch and continuous flow once-through (varying different dilution rates) operations. Actual soft drink wastewater was used for the growth limiting substrate. Temperature was controlled within 30° ± 2°C in a walk-in incubation room. The biological kinetic behaviour was evaluated by the use of the single phase relationship between growth rate and substrate concentration described by the Monod equation, μ=μmS/Ks+S, where μ=specific growth rate, μm=maximum growth rate, Ks=saturation constant, S=substrate concentration. It was found that the design biological constants, μm and Ks, were different from the mode of operation (batch and continuous low once-through) and the type of oxygen supply (air and pure oxygen). In the batch pure oxygen operation, μm is much lower and Ks is higher than the air system. In the continuous flow once-through pure oxygen operation, μm is slightly higher while Ks is almost the same as the air system. For the continuous flow oncethrough pure oxygen system, the yield value (Y) is higher than the air system. For batch operation, the yield value (Y) is almost the same in either pure oxygen or air system. Levels of effluent substrate (measured as chemical oxygen demand, COD) calculated for different dilution rates using the biological design constants obtained from once-through continuous flow system did agree fairly closely with the observed values. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of the Monod equation can be valid for the design of completely mixed reactor with heterogeneous popu1ations to treat the actual organic industrial wastewater in any degree of purification efficiency, i.e., COD removal efficiency, either in an air or pure oxygen system.
Lessons Learned from the Young Breast Cancer Survivorship Network

The Young Breast Cancer Survivors Network (Network) is an academic and community-based partnership dedicated to education, support, and networking. The Network used a multi-pronged approach via monthly support and networking, annual education seminars, website networking, and individual survivor consultation. Formative and summative evaluations were conducted using group survey and individual survivor interviews for monthly gatherings, annual education meetings, and individual consultation. Google Analytics was applied to evaluate website use. The Network began with 4 initial partnerships and grew to 38 in the period from 2011 to 2017. During this 5-year period, 5 annual meetings (598 attendees), 23 support and networking meetings (373), and 115 individual survivor consultations were conducted. The Network website had nearly 12,000 individual users and more than 25,000 page views. Lessons learned include active community engagement, survivor empowerment, capacity building, social media outreach, and network sustainability. The 5-year experiences with the Network demonstrated that a regional program dedicated to the education, support, networking, and needs of young breast cancer survivors and their families can become a vital part of cancer survivorship services in a community. Strong community support, engagement, and encouragement were vital components to sustain the program.
The effect of a Health Realization/Innate Health psychoeducational seminar on stress and anxiety in HIV-positive patients.

Background Chronic stress and depression have a negative impact on immune functioning and threaten the well-being of HIV-positive patients. Although therapy methods, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, have been shown to reduce stress and depression in such patients, not all patients are willing or able to undergo therapy over time. The Health Realization/Innate Health (HR/IH) psychoeducational approach is a brief intervention alternative that can be presented in a classroom setting. It engages participants' innate capacity to realize peace of mind. Material/methods Eight volunteer participants from patients in the Positive Health Clinic at West Virginia University School of Medicine attended a 1-1/2 day HR/IH seminar called "Finding Your Natural Peace of Mind". Shortly before the seminar started, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) was administered by a Clinic staff member. The BSI was administered again immediately following the seminar. The BSI was mailed to the participants four weeks following the seminar with a return envelope. Participants' confidentiality was maintained through a coded ID. Pre-, post- and follow-up results were compared. Results Each case was evaluated individually. The participant who pre-tested in the "psychiatric inpatient" range of the BSI showed no change after the seminar or at follow-up. The participants who tested in the non-patient normal range before the seminar showed some improvement after and at follow-up. The participants who scored in the "psychiatric outpatient" range entering the seminar all showed improvement that was sustained upon follow-up. Conclusions The HR/IH psychoeducational approach deserves further study as a brief intervention for stress-reduction in HIV-positive patients.
Five ways to solve the Yoshida jet problem of wind-driven equatorial flow

Abstract The Yoshida jet is a prototype for wind-driven flow in the tropical ocean. We review the Hermite solution discovered sixty years ago, and show how series acceleration through the Hutton-Moore or Euler schemes is necessary to obtain useful accuracy. An explicit solution in terms of Bessel functions is given here for the first time. It is also shown that much simpler analytic solutions, approximate but accurate, are given by low order rational Chebyshev series and Two-Point Pade approximants. Numerically, the Fourier sine domain truncation method combined with the change of coordinate y ∈ sinh( L t ) gives quasi-geometric convergence for most problems. When applied to the Yoshida jet, however, the sine/sinh rate of convergence is awful compared to that of the rational Chebyshev spectral method because wind-driven tropical flows decay very slowly as O (1/ y ). The log-weakened-geometric rate of convergence of the sine-sinh method, realized for functions that decay exponentially fast for large | y |, is replaced by root-exponential convergence with total error proportional to exp ( − q N ) for some positive constant q . Except for the explicit Bessel solutions, similar considerations should apply to tropical wind-driven flows in general.
STABLE ESTIMATORS FOR SELF-ADJUSTING SIMULATIONS

We present two estimators which converge almost surely to the nearest integer to t = ET, with few restrictions on the random variable T. This works even when t is of the form m + 1/2 for an integer m. Applications to simulated annealing and to the design of other Monte Carlo experiments are indicated.
Cooperative Semi-autonomous Robotic Network for Search and Rescue Operations

The results presented in this paper prove the viability of developing a robotic network for search and rescue operations. With the capability of peer-to-peer communication, such robots form an ad-hoc network called Cooperative Mobile Network CMN. All robots in the CMN are semi-autonomous in that each operates in three modes: 1 fully controlled by a human commander; 2 controlled by a human commander for critical operations only; and 3 fully relying on its own intelligence to make decisions for cooperative operations. Due to the constraints of weight and processing power, diverse CMN operations utilize multiple robots with complementing functionalities. This work was performed at the Structures Propulsion And Control Engineering SPACE NASA sponsored University Research Center URC of excellence at the California State University, Los Angeles.
1920s: The Nation Body

This chapter sets the stage for dance’s vital role in Mexico from 1920–1950 representing ideas of nationhood through movement on the stage. In 1910 the people of Mexico took up arms to overthrow dictator Porfirio Diaz. The revolution ended triumphantly in 1920. President Obregon (1920–24) organized performances such as the Gran Noche Mexicana festival in 1921 to reach massive audiences and promote national unity. Concert dance was a point of convergence across disciplines and relied on state support. Minister of Education Jose Vasconcelos promoted the arts to shape the collective imagination. Prominent Mexican composers and visual artists got involved. This chapter introduces the Cosmic Generation, a group of artists, composers, and choreographers whose mixing was interdisciplinary rather than Vasconcelos’s ethnic concept of the “cosmic race.”
Association of Depression With Risk of Incident Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Women Assessed Across 2 Decades.

Importance It has long been hypothesized that depression may increase the risk of developing autoimmune disease; however, rigorous empirical evidence is sparse. Objective To evaluate whether an association exists between depression and risk of incident systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a paradigmatic, systemic autoimmune disease. Design, Setting, and Participants This 20-year prospective, longitudinal cohort study evaluated data collected from 2 cohorts of women participating in the Nurses’ Health Study (1996-2012) and the Nurses’ Health Study II (1993-2013). Data analyses were conducted from August 2017 to May 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Incident SLE with 4 or more American College of Rheumatology criteria was ascertained by self-report and confirmed by medical record review. Depression was assessed repeatedly throughout follow-up according to whether women reported having received a clinician’s diagnosis of depression, regular antidepressant use, or a score of less than 60 on the 5-item Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5). Whether longitudinally assessed health risk factors (eg, cigarette smoking, body mass index, oral contraceptive use, menopause or postmenopausal hormone use, alcohol use, exercise, or diet) accounted for increased SLE risk among women with vs without depression was examined. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate risk of SLE. In addition, the association of depression lagged by 4 years, and depression status at baseline with incident SLE throughout follow-up was assessed. Results Data from 194 483 women (28-93 years of age; 93% white) were included. During 20 years of follow-up, 145 cases of SLE occurred. Compared with women with no depression, women with a history of depression had a subsequent increased risk of SLE (HR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.91-3.75;P Conclusions and Relevance This study contributes to increasing evidence that depression may be associated with increased risk of SLE and suggests that the association is not fully explained by measured health factors or behaviors.
Rural Regular and Special Education Teachers' Perceptions of Teaching Hyperactive Students.

This article explores the perceptions of teachers in rural settings concerning the teaching of hyperactive students. Regular and special educators (N=101) identified minimizing distractions, provid...
Seeking Champions for Change: A Positive Deviance Approach for Social Work:

Given growing interest in and need for social innovation, social workers will benefit from knowing about positive deviance (PD), an approach that capitalizes on local creativity and strengths. The ...
Exploring the Edges of Sacramentality: Liturgy between the Reality of Life and the Truth of Faith

The Church1 is represented in the Holy Mysteries, not in figure only but as the limbs are represented in the heart, the branches in the root, and, as our Lord has said, the shoots in the vine. For ...
Density Separation of Mixed Carbide Colloids via Standing Wave Physics

The separation and recovery of ultra-fine granular particles is a source of significant interest in a number of fields. Following is a general analysis of an experimental method for separating micron-scale particles with respect to their density and hydrophobicity. By employing fluid mechanics, mass dispersion, and surfactant application techniques, it is possible to separate mixed micron-scale particles consisting of charcoal and tungsten carbide. Through the application of standing wave fluid mechanics, a consistent separation of the materials becomes an inexpensive and easily scalable process that could theoretically be utilized to separate numerous suspended colloids provided the appropriate initial conditions. This examination focuses on particle bulk behavior and kinetic behavior in suspension such that a consistent output at a relatively high average recovery rate (greater than 70%) for tungsten carbide can be consistently attained.
Abstract 251: The Role of Adenosine Derived From Mesenchymal Stromal Cell on Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

Introduction: In response to tissue damage or infection, neutrophils expel their chromatin into the extracellular space in a thrombotic and inflammatory process called neutrophil extracellular trap...
On Einstein’s Invention of Special Relativity

Albert Einstein distinguished sharply between the context of discovery and the context of invention. For example, in a letter of 6 January 1948 to Michele Besso, Einstein wrote: Mach’s weakness, as I see it, lies in the fact that he believed more or less strongly, that science consists merely of putting experimental results in order; that is, he did not recognize the free constructive element in the creation of a concept. He thought that somehow theories arise by means of discovery [durch Entdeckung] and not by means of invention [nicht durch Erfindung]. (1972, p. 391, italics in original).
Have Private Equity Returns Really Declined

Some research suggests that private equity returns relative to public market equivalents have declined. This analysis provides our perspective based on more recent data and performance measures. We show that returns in vintage years since the financial crisis have consistently been better than public market returns using a variety of benchmarks and adjustments, and better than returns from the 2006 to 2008 vintages. Consequently, the historical perspective is more positive than suggested by some other studies. TOPICS:Private equity, performance measurement, financial crises and financial market history