cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epoxide electrophiles as activity-dependent cysteine protease profiling and discovery tools

Abstract Background : Analysis of global changes in gene transcription and translation by systems-based genomics and proteomics approaches provides only indirect information about protein function. In many cases, enzymatic activity fails to correlate with transcription or translation levels. Therefore, a direct method for broadly determining activities of an entire class of enzymes on a genome-wide scale would be of great utility. Results : We have engineered chemical probes that can be used to broadly track activity of cysteine proteases. The structure of the general cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 was used as a scaffold. Analogs were synthesized by varying the core peptide recognition portion while adding affinity tags (biotin and radio-iodine) at distal sites. The resulting probes containing a P2 leucine residue (DCG-03 and DCG-04) targeted the same broad set of cysteine proteases as E-64 and were used to profile these proteases during the progression of a normal skin cell to a carcinoma. A library of DCG-04 derivatives was constructed in which the leucine residue was replaced with all natural amino acids. This library was used to obtain inhibitor activity profiles for multiple protease targets in crude cellular extracts. Finally, the affinity tag of DCG-04 allowed purification of modified proteases and identification by mass spectrometry. Conclusions : We have created a simple and flexible method for functionally identifying cysteine proteases while simultaneously tracking their relative activity levels in crude protein mixtures. These probes were used to determine relative activities of multiple proteases throughout a defined model system for cancer progression. Furthermore, information obtained from libraries of affinity probes provides a rapid method for obtaining detailed functional information without the need for prior purification/identification of targets.
Donning Wigs, Divining Feelings, and Other Dilemmas of Doing Research in Devoutly Religious Contexts

By juxtaposing the experiences of conducting research at two schools, one a Charismatic, evangelical, fundamentalist Christian school, the other, an ultra-orthodox Hasidic Jewish girls' school, the author discusses prevailing notions of subjectivity, arguing that postmodern and postpositivistic models of subjectivity apply, but that their applications are best imagined as profoundly context driven.
A dynamic image reconstruction method with spatio-temporal constraints

We introduce here a temporally constrained image reconstruction algorithm for fast dynamic imaging of the spatial distribution of tissue parameters such as oxy-hemoglobin, HbO2, or deoxy-hemoglobin, Hb, and their derived parameters, e.g., HbT or StO2. An unknown spatial-temporal distribution of the tissue parameter is represented by a combination of basis functions where bases are predefined and their coefficients are unknown. The performance of the new algorithm is evaluated using experimental studies with dynamic imaging of vascular disease in foot. The results show that the temporally constrained algorithm leads to 26- fold acceleration in the image reconstruction as compared to more traditional methods that have to reconstruct all time frames data sequentially.
Document access in a multi-party information management system

A multi-party information management system such as an electronic contract system deals with a large number of secure documents for many organizations. The access and retrieval of these documents for different organizational users are very complex. In this paper, we present a sequencing access model, that dictates who and when a given version of a document can be retrieved, viewed and acted upon along multi-party workflow processes. To effectively implement the access model, a novel counter-based access algorithm has been proposed to provide dynamic tracking of access privileges and priorities for different organizations participating in the workflows. To support secure search and retrieval of documents, a secure-indexing mechanism has been introduced to incorporate document access control information directly into search index. Using an XML-based search engine and a compound query generation technique to combine user role and organization information in search query, high-performance retrieval has been achieved very securely and efficiently in our information management system.
More on crinkles in the last scattering surface

Inhomogeneous recombination can give rise to perturbations in the electron number density which can be a factor of 5 larger than the perturbations in baryon density. We do a thorough analysis of the second order anisotropies generated in the cosmic microwave background due to perturbations in the electron number density. We show that solving the second order Boltzmann equation for photons is equivalent to solving the first+second order Boltzmann equations and then taking the second order part of the solution. We find the approximate solution to the photon Boltzmann hierarchy in l modes and show that the contributions from inhomogeneous recombination to the second order monopole, dipole, and quadrupole are numerically small. We also point out that perturbing the electron number density in the first order tight coupling and damping solutions for the monopole, dipole, and quadrupole is not equivalent to solving the second order Boltzmann equations for inhomogeneous recombination. Finally, we confirm our result in a previous paper that inhomogeneous recombination gives rise to a local type non-Gaussianity parameter f_(NL)~-1. The signal to noise for the detection of the temperature bispectrum generated by inhomogeneous recombination is ~1 for an ideal full sky experiment measuring modes up to l_(max)=2500.
Detection of melanoma cells suspended in mononuclear cells and blood plasma using photoacoustic generation

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Although the initial malignant cells are removed, it is impossible to determine whether or not the cancer has metastasized until a secondary tumor forms that is large enough to detect with conventional imaging. Photoacoustic detection of circulating melanoma cells in the bloodstream has shown promise for early detection of metastasis that may aid in treatment of this aggressive cancer. When blood is irradiated with energy from an Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm, photoacoustic signals are created and melanoma cells can be differentiated from the surrounding cells based on waveforms produced by an oscilloscope. Before this can be used as a diagnostic technique, however, we needed to investigate several parameters. Specifically, the current technique involves the in vitro separation of blood through centrifugation to isolate and test only the white blood cell layer. Using this method, we have detected a single cultured melanoma cell among a suspension of white blood cells. However, the process could be made simpler if the plasma layer were used for detection instead of the white blood cell layer. This layer is easier to obtain after blood separation, the optical difference between plasma and melanoma cells is more pronounced in this layer than in the white blood cell layer, and the possibility that any stray red blood cells could distort the results is eliminated. Using the photoacoustic apparatus, we detected no melanoma cells within the plasma of whole blood samples spiked with cultured melanoma cells.
A bunch lengthening RF cavity for Aladdin

A 202 MHz aluminum RF cavity has been constructed for the Aladdin synchrotron light source at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The cavity operates on the fourth harmonic of the ring RF frequency and will be used to lengthen the electron bunches in order to increase beam lifetime. The cavity body is machined from a thick aluminum plate with a single penetration for the coupling loop which operates in vacuum. A cover plate at the gap end contains an annular tuner that is moved concentric with the beam axis. The entire inner surface of the cavity is copper plated to increase shunt impedance. The cavity will be initially operated in the beam driven mode with the tuner adjusted by computer to provide optimum bunch lengthening as the beam decays. In the future, active RF drive may be employed to allow a constant bunch length to be maintained at all times. A beam derived RF reference is proposed along with use of RF feedback to avoid instabilities. Results of the first storage ring operation using the new cavity are presented.
The complete relief of mitral stenosis: ten years of progress toward this goal.

Part I of this article appeared in the May issue of this Journal. It contained a discussion of the factors which led to the modern surgical procedure for the relief of mitral stenosis as well as a description of the technique involved. The surgical concept underlying the old technique is based on a limited understanding of the condition. Micral commissurotomy (left-sided technique) neither aims at nor accomplishes complete relief of the stenosis. Persistent efforts in an attempt to improve the operation throughout the last decade have resulted in a new surgical concept which involves the creation of a functional valve of a different type. The anatomical and pathological factors underlying this operation were described as well.
Corrosion phenomena during overcharge in polymer electrolyte cells

Abstract The corrosion behavior of the polymer electrolyte cell, Li| (PEO) 8 ·LiCF 3 SO 3 |V 6 O 13 , has been investigated using various surface analytical techniques. The results indicate that under normal cycling conditions, the cell components are perfectly intact with no evidence of any corrosion. However, cells placed on overchange for prolonged periods showed an inability to discharge.
Does the Merci Retriever Work? Against

In a decade after approval of IV rt-PA for acute stroke, treatment leads to good outcomes in less than half of patients, and hemorrhage rates have not been reduced. Recanalization improves outcome1 but is often delayed and incomplete. Devices offer the promise of rapid recanalization with a greater proportion of good outcomes and fewer hemorrhages. The Merci retrieval system was introduced with hopes of fulfilling this promise. The FDA recently approved this device for removal of thrombus from intracranial arteries in patients with stroke. Despite this approval, the question of whether the device works remains unsettled. The recently published Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia (MERCI) trial2 using the Merci retriever claims efficacy based on a recanalization rate that is greater than the spontaneous recanalization rate observed in the Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism (PROACT) II trial control group.3 Recanalization …
Higher education finance and accessibility: tuition fees and student loans in Sub-Saharan Africa

“Revenue supplementation” in higher education refers to shifting higher education costs away from relying mainly (sometimes virtually exclusively) on government, or the taxpayer, and toward parents, students, philanthropists, businesses, and other sources. “Cost-sharing” refers more specifically to requiring that parents and students pay all or most of tuition, lodging, and food costs, and other fees, as well as lessening the value of grants or raising the effective interest rate on student loans. This article identifies some of the historic resistance to cost sharing as well as its rationales—the most compelling of which is the sheer need for revenue, coupled with the increasing unlikelihood that African governments can raise enough revenue by taxation to meet currently underfunded social needs and simultaneously provide substantially more to meet the rising costs of higher education. The article identifies some limitations to the “dual-track” tuition policies in East Africa and some reasons for the many failures African countries have experienced with student loan programs. It cautions against the prevailing fascination with income-contingent loans and makes recommendations, drawn both from theory and from the few empirical examples of “things that work.”
Preservation Bias in the Hominid Krapina Sample? A Randomization Approach

Abtstract The processes which led to the formation of the Krapina hominid sample have been extensively debated with important implications for the interpretation of Neandertal behavior. This paper enters the debate by examining the issue of preservation bias between different skeletal elements within the sample. A null hypothesis of equal preservation among the different elements with deviations from expectation the result of chance alone is tested using an integrated set of re-sampling methodologies. While initial observations suggest an excess of cranial and mandibular elements relative to expectations, additional examination of the quantitative parameters of the sample suggest these findings are consistent with a model based solely on randomness. The null hypothesis, consistent with expectations of intentional burial, can therefore not be rejected. The implications of these results are discussed as they relate to interpretations of the taphonomic processes responsible for the Krapina hominid sample.
Evalaution of the Febrile Traveler

In the past, diseases of the tropics were considered to be exotic and not something that a physician needed to have knowledge of. However, air travel currently allows one to travel across the globe rapidly. One can be in a malaria endemic region of Africa one day, and the next day febrile in a physician’s office or presenting to an Emergency Department. Each year, over 50 million people travel from the industrialized world to the developing world. It is estimated that for every 100,000 travelers who go to the developing world for one month: 50,000 will develop a health problem, 8000 will be sick enough to seek medical attention, 5000, will be confined to bed, 300 will require hospitalization, and one will die. The common presenting complaints in returned travelers are: 65% diarrhea, 24% fever, 10% skin conditions, and 1% sexually transmitted diseases. This chapter will go over the evaluation of a febrile returned traveler.
Die Übergabe von Informationssystemen in die Verantwortung eines Rechenzentrums

Nach Entwicklung und Test eines neuen Informationssystem es beteiligt sich das Rechenzentrum an der Einfuhrung und ubernimmt danach die Verantwortung fur den Betrieb.
Perspectives on Validating Complex Human-Machine System Performance

The performance of complex systems, such as power plants and commercial aircraft, is based on the integration of human, software, and hardware elements. They are designed to operate safely under normal and disturbance conditions. Ideally one would validate that safety and productivity goals can be achieved prior to actual operation. While some types of systems can be tested in actual operational environments, validation is especially difficult when safety or economic considerations preclude testing the types of disturbance conditions that the integrated system is designed to handle. Thus the conceptual and methodological challenges to validating such systems are significant and new approaches are emerging. The papers in this symposium will describe approaches taken to validation using examples from commercial nuclear power, civil aviation, military, and medical systems.
The changing role of Medieval women.

In his Perspective “Women, fertility, and the rise of modern capitalism” (25 October 2013, p. [427][1]), A. Alesina correctly pointed to the importance of the Black Death, alongside new Protestant ideas, in transforming Late Medieval European economies. He and other economic historians have noted that the Black Death substantially reduced the population of rural producers, bringing better returns to labor by comparison with earlier periods. Alesina also argues that women's fertility decreased as their labor in the fields increased. Alesina did not mention the export industry or social unrest, both of which contributed to economic changes and the status of women during this time. In the 14th century, England was becoming a major exporter of high-quality wool products. Initially, the benefits from these exports were enjoyed by the elite. However, centralized control of production was inefficient, and there was little to motivate their obligated labor force ([ 1 ][2]). Raw wool export also was increasingly supplanted by more local cloth production ([ 2 ][3]). The changing wool economy drew more female producers into the labor force. Women took jobs in weaving, basic production, and the growing service economy. The social unrest that characterized this period also contributed to women's changing roles. Growing commerce brought new opportunities for women, not only as producers, but also as marketers. As E. P. Thompson pointed out ([ 3 ][4]), women were often the leaders in riots in the marketplaces because they were more involved in market transactions than men, they understood market conditions in detail, and they had much to gain from institutionally improved market conditions. 1. [↵][5] 1. R. Hilton , Class Conflict and the Crisis of Feudalism: Essays in Medieval Social History (The Hambledon Press, London, 1985). 2. [↵][6] 1. R. Britnell , Britain and Ireland 1050–1530: Economy and Society (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2004). 3. [↵][7] 1. E. P. Thompson , Past Present 50, 115 (1971). [OpenUrl][8] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1246228 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #ref-2 [4]: #ref-3 [5]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [6]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text" [7]: #xref-ref-3-1 "View reference 3 in text" [8]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DPast%2BPresent%26rft.volume%253D50%26rft.spage%253D115%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx
The Performance of the Linear Discriminant Function in Nonoptimal Situations and the Estimation of Classification Error Rates: A Review of Recent Findings:

This article is a review of the results, as are available, on the performance of the linear discriminant function in situations where the assumptions of multivariate normality and equal group dispe...
Robust cooperative beamforming against steering vector uncertainty in cognitive radio networks

Transmit beamforming is one of the promising ways of accessing spectrum in an underlay cognitive radio network (CRN). In this paper, a robust cooperative transmit beamforming scheme is proposed for a mobile (or stationary) secondary receiver in a CRN where steering vector available at the distributed transmitters is error prone. The solution to the beamforming problem is based on stochastic optimization theory. Specifically, the proposed beamforming scheme achieves the following three objectives: i) probability of large-than-a-threshold for received power in the direction of the secondary receiver is maximized; ii) probabilities of less-than-a-threshold for received interference power in the direction of primary receivers are bounded; and iii) transmit power along the directions of the moving secondary receiver is forced to be uniform so as to ensure the same quality of service. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed robust cooperative beamformer can achieve noticeable bit-error-rate reductions for primary users as compared to the non-robust approach, where inaccuracy in the estimation of the steering vector is not considered, while ensuring almost the same quality of communication for the secondary user.
Islanding detection based on tangent sliding mode frequency shift method

Based on the study of SMS(Sliding Mode frequency Shift) islanding detection method,an improved one is proposed,which applies the tangent function instead of the sinusoidal function used in SMS to express the phase-shifted angle of current. Its parameter setting,detection dead-zone and multi-inverter operating performance are analyzed quantitatively. Suitable for grid-connected multi-inverter system and without dilution effect,it avoids the stable state happened in SMS method,reduces the detection dead-zone,decreases the negative impact on grid and increases islanding detection efficiency. Simulative results show its effectiveness and superiority.
Technology of heat-storage electric heating boiler and its application

The technology of heat-storage electric heating boiler,a peak regulation technology on the load side,has both outstanding economic and social benefits to the consumers and the power network.The working principle,technical features and existing problems of the heat-storage electric heating boiler were analyzed in detail and its development at home was introduced as well.
Investigation of diltiazem metabolism in fish using a hybrid quadrupole/orbital trap mass spectrometer.

RATIONALE Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker drug, is widespread in the environment because of its incomplete elimination during water treatment. It can cause negative effects on aquatic organisms; thus, a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method to detect its presence was developed. Our approach is based on accurate mass measurements using a hybrid quadrupole-orbital trap mass spectrometer that was used to measure diltiazem and its metabolites in fish tissue. METHODS Blood plasma, muscle, liver, and kidney tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), exposed for 42 days to 30 μg L(-1) diltiazem, were used for the method development. No metabolite standards were required to identify the diltiazem biotransformation products in the fish tissue. RESULTS Overall, 17 phase I diltiazem metabolites (including isomeric forms) were detected and tentatively identified using the MassFrontier spectral interpretation software. A semi-quantitative approach was used for organ-dependent comparison of the metabolite concentrations. CONCLUSIONS These data increase our understanding about diltiazem and its metabolites in aquatic organisms, such as fish. These encompass desmethylation, desacetylation and hydroxylation as well as their combinations. This study represents the first report of the complex diltiazem phase I metabolic pathways in fish.
Role of α-Lipoid Acid and Acetyl-L-Carnitine in Dementia

α-Lipoic acid (LA) and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) are naturally occurring antioxidants, endogenous to human tissues. Several derivatives of these compounds are either naturally occurring or synthesized for their applications as potent antioxidants and as prodrugs, such as L-DOPA conjugates, which are used in various neurological disorders. LA also maintains homeostasis of other antioxidants—ascorbate and tocopherol—in vivo. Metabolic transformation of these compounds involves β-oxidation, and several such metabolites are characterized by mass spectrometry. ALCAR conjugates of naproxen and ketoprofen are currently marketed as effective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. By maintaining homeostasis of acetyl-CoA and acetylcholine, and through its superior blood–brain barrier properties, ALCAR serves as a carrier of the acetyl moiety into the brain, and thus it is useful as a potential therapeutic in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders.
Spinal meningiomas: clinicoradiological factors predicting recurrence and functional outcome

OBJECTIVE Spinal meningiomas are benign tumors with a wide spectrum of clinical and radiological features at presentation. The authors analyzed multiple clinicoradiological factors to predict recurrence and functional outcome in a cohort with a mean follow-up of more than 4 years. The authors also discuss the results of clinical studies regarding spinal meningiomas in the last 15 years. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological details of patients who underwent surgery for spinal tumors between 2001 and 2015 that were histopathologically confirmed as meningiomas. Demographic parameters, such as age, sex, race, and association with neurofibromatosis Type 2, were considered. Radiological parameters, such as tumor size, signal changes of spinal cord, spinal level, number of levels, location of tumor attachment, shape of tumor, and presence of dural tail/calcification, were noted. These factors were analyzed to predict recurrence and functional outcome. Furthermore, a pooled analysis was performed from 13 reports of spinal meningiomas in the last 15 years. RESULTS A total of 38 patients were included in this study. Male sex and tumors with radiological evidence of a dural tail were associated with an increased risk of recurrence at a mean follow-up of 51.2 months. Ventral or ventrolateral location, large tumors, T2 cord signal changes, and poor preoperative functional status were associated with poor functional outcome at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Spine surgeons must be aware of the natural history and risk factors of spinal meningiomas to establish a prognosis for their patients.
Probability Spaces and Martingales

In this book, a game space on which a heuristic-search model is constructed is always a probability space. All notions in the model, such as heuristic information, strength of nodes, and so on, are formulated in the terminology of probability theory. We use the concept of martingales to represent relationships among various node estimates that are based on heuristic information.
Contracting and Accountability Under Leaner Government

Federal government contracting has increased over the past three decades as a way to reduce costs and to promote greater efficiency and effectiveness in the procurement system. In making contracting decisions and calculating cost savings, however, officials do not always take into account all costs associated with the process. Transaction cost theory is used to analyze the costs incurred in contracting for gathering information, negotiation, and enforcement. Additionally, ethinomics is used to show that contracting can create circumstances that leave agencies open to unethical behavior with both monetary and social consequences. Despite documented improvement in resource allocation since 2009, many agencies still do not provide enough funding and adequate personnel to capture and reduce transaction costs in contract evaluation, monitoring, and performance outcome.
Utility of preoperative fine needle aspiration in parotid lesions

Objectives Preoperative fine needle aspiration (FNA) of parotid lesions often is used in the initial evaluation of parotid masses, but its role in guiding surgical decision making remains unclear, in part due to varying diagnostic accuracy reported. We sought to evaluate the role of preoperative FNA in detection of malignancy and impact on surgical management. Study design Retrospective study. Methods The medical records of patients who underwent parotidectomy at a single tertiary medical center were reviewed from 2000 to 2015. Patients who had a preoperative FNA comprised the study cohort. Results A total of 1,074 consecutive patients underwent parotidectomy during the study period; of those, 477 had a preoperative FNA. FNA was nondiagnostic in 26 cases. There were 29 false positives (6.4%), 26 false negatives (5.8%), 122 true positives (27.1%), and 274 true negatives (60.8%). The sensitivity and specificity of FNA were 82.4% and 90.4%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 80.8% and a negative predictive value of 91.3%. The overall accuracy of preoperative FNA was 87.8%. The preoperative FNA resulted in a change in the surgical plan in 85 (18.9%) cases. In 66 of these cases (78%), surgery was extended to include neck dissection at time of resection. In 10 cases, FNA led to surgical management over surveillance. In 11 cases, FNA downgraded the extent of surgery planned to an excisional biopsy. Conclusion Preoperative FNA is a valuable adjunct in the surgical management of parotid lesions, with high specificity for the detection of malignant disease. Level of evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 128:398-402, 2018.
Characterization of failures in insulators to maintenance in transmission lines

Outages in a transmission line occur due to failures that can develop abruptly, intermittently or incipiently. The incipient form of outage allows the monitoring and prediction of a possible fault. The incipient faults is often due to insulation problems, whether due to stresses, natural degradation or vandalism. Recent researches aim to diagnose failures in the isolation of transmission sections, and for this, mathematical models of transmission lines have been developed, whose insertion of the faulted insulator model allows to obtain leakage current to test the efficiency of this diagnosis. Considering the above, in this work, equivalent circuit models of failures in insulators are proposed, to characterize leakage current behavior for prediction purposes. The obtained models are used for validation of predictive maintenance methodologies, from the diagnosis of signals with faults, through the harmonic decomposition of the leakage current in transmission lines.
Organizational downsizing and alcohol use: A national study of U.S. workers during the Great Recession

Abstract Organizational downsizing, which represents the reduction of an organization's workforce, results in a stressful work environment for those who survive the downsizing. However, we know little about the association between surviving an organizational downsizing and employee alcohol use. This study explored the association between exposure to organizational downsizing and four dimensions of alcohol use during the Great Recession. Also explored were the moderating influences of length of recession exposure, state drinking culture, gender, age, education, family income, and financial demands. Data for this study came from a national telephone survey of U.S. workers that was conducted from December 2008 to April 2011 (N = 2296). The results revealed that exposure to organizational downsizing was positively associated with usual frequency of drinking, number of drinks consumed per usual drinking occasion, and both the frequency of binge drinking and drinking to intoxication. Length of exposure to the recession moderated the association between organizational downsizing exposure and usual number of drinks consumed. The conditional effects revealed that this association became stronger as length of exposure to the recession increased. Furthermore, age moderated the associations between organizational downsizing exposure and the usual number of drinks consumed and the frequency of binge drinking and intoxication. The conditional effects revealed that these associations were positive and significant among young survivors (ages 40 or younger), but were nonsignificant among middle-aged survivors (over 40 years of age). State drinking culture, gender, education, family income, and financial demands did not moderate the associations between organizational downsizing exposure and alcohol use.
Community Engagement Outcomes and Activities

Chapter 5, “Community Engagement Outcomes and Activities,” presents the aims of the Critical, Contemplative, Community Engagement model through Chap. 2’s social change framework: becoming proximate, shifting the narrative, getting uncomfortable, and cultivating hope. Tangible tools presented include community partnership considerations, experiential and critical reflection activities for individual, community partnership, and classroom use, student learning outcomes and community impact outcomes, and student reflections. The activities offered in this chapter can be put directly to use in designing and implementing community engagement programs.
Evaluating Calculators as Accommodations for Secondary Students with Disabilities.

Students with disabilities often struggle with grade-level mathematics without appropriate support and accommodations. This study compared the performance of middle school students with disabilities on computational-based mathematics assessments when they had access to calculators and when they did not. Using a single-case ABAB design, data were collected on the number of problems attempted, the number of problems (or parts of problems) correctly answered, and, when given access, the number of problems on which students used calculators. In general, students attempted most problems regardless of the availability of a calculator but earned more points when they had access to and used a calculator. Although students indicated positive perspectives in terms of calculator use, most students used a calculator on less than half of the intervention problems. Future research is needed to examine the reasons students choose not to use calculators as well as the specific types of problems they find the calculator most helpful. Subscribe to LDMJ
CEO compensation and mortgage origination in the banking industry

Manuscript Type. Empirical. Research Question/Issue. This study examines the relationship between bank CEO compensation and mortgage origination practices before the 2008 financial crisis. It extends the discussion about the degree of responsibility of executive compensation for the crisis, by testing whether bank CEO equity incentives contributed to the growth in high‐risk mortgages before the collapse of the mortgage market. Research Findings/Insights. Using a unique dataset of comprehensive loan origination records and CEO compensation in an inclusive sample of publicly traded U.S. banks, this study finds strong evidence that CEO compensation vega is positively associated with the riskiness of mortgages before the collapse of the mortgage market and some evidence that compensation delta is negatively associated with the riskiness of mortgages. Theoretical/Academic Implications. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of executive compensation in the 2008 financial crisis. Consistent with prior research, it provides further empirical support that compensation vega induces risk‐taking. Moreover, in the context of the financial industry, the findings illustrate the potential adverse effect of high‐vega compensation of bank CEOs, as such compensation may have contributed to the build‐up of high‐risk mortgages prior to the crisis. Practitioner/Policy Implications. Following the financial crisis, a series of policy changes towards regulating and reforming executive compensation in financial firms has been implemented. This study offers important insights for the reform and design of executive compensation in the financial sector. In particular, practitioners and policymakers should examine the incentive structures of bank executives (such as compensation delta and vega) in order to appropriately influence risk‐taking.
Deeper Properties of Continuous Functions

The problem that was left unresolved in the last two sections is one of existence: to show that for each positive real number y, there exists a positive real number x with xk= y; and to show that for each real number y, there exists a positive real number x with log x= y. Such problems cannot be touched without the aid of a fundamental property of the real numbers that has not appeared so far. There are many ways to state it, one of which is the following:Every nonempty bounded set of real numbers has a least upper bound.
Psychiatric Consultation with Chemically Dependent Patients

With the move towards psychiatric subspecialization occurring over the past few years, there has been rapid parallel developments in both the fields of consultation -liaison psychiatry and addiction psychiatry. Recently, the field of addiction psychiatry was approved for added qualifications certification status, and the first certification examination was administered March 1993. During the 1992-93 academic year, there were 46 active fellowships in addiction psychiatry, with a total of 170 trainees currently enrolled in programs(1).
Gastrointestinal Signals: Satiety

During a meal, ingested nutrients stimulate the activation or release of a variety of afferent neural and peptide signals. A subset of these provide information about the quality and quantity of ingested nutrients and serve as feedback mediators controlling food intake within and between meals. Vagal afferent feedback can be stimulated by the volume and nutrient character of meals. Peptides, such as cholecystokinin, glucagon, and amylin, can play roles in terminating an individual meal. Other peptides, such as glucagon-like peptide-1, pancreatic polypeptide, and peptide YY(3-36), can contribute to the control of food intake across meals. Vagal afferent and hindbrain signaling plays a major role in mediating the feeding inhibitory actions of these peptides.
Lyric-Based Rhythm Suggestion

Which comes first—the lyrics or the music? Here we consider the lyrics-first approach to songwriting and seek to augment the process by developing a creativity-support tool which uses lyrics as a creative constraint for rhythm generation. We describe a novel algorithm for suggesting possible melodic rhythms to complement the accent structure of a given set of lyrics. The algorithm is composed of three main components: a scoring function used to judge the relative success of candidate rhythms, a database of English pronunciation to determine syllable stress levels, and traditional search techniques to find highscoring rhythms in a large space of candidate rhythms. Preliminary results are encouraging: given existing song lyrics, the “correct” human-composed rhythm is generally found high in the list of suggestions.
Proton-coupled reduction of an iron nitrosyl porphyrin in the protic ionic liquid nanodomain

Abstract The one-electron reduction of many molecules becomes much more favorable if combined with proton transfers or strong hydrogen bonding. Protic room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which can form nanodomains in solutions with molecular solvents (MS), can provide an efficient avenue for this process. In this work, we report on the voltammetry, UV/visible and resonance Raman spectroelectrochemistry of Fe(TPP)(NO) in the presence of aprotic/protic ammonium-based ionic liquids. While aprotic RTILs did shift the reduction to more positive potentials, similar shifts could be observed at much lower concentrations of diethylmethylammonium triflate (HAmOTf, a protic ionic liquid). Deconvolution of the rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) voltammetry revealed the partitioning of the reduced species into the ionic liquid nanodomains at low concentrations. The potential shift was substantially in excess of the value expected based on the pKa of the weak acid. Upon the addition of small amounts of the protic RTIL, the electrochemically or chemically generated anion, Fe(TPP)(NO)-, reacted rapidly with the HAm+ acid, forming a Fe(TPP)(HNO) complex. Further reduction to Fe(TPP)(NH2OH) could be observed on the spectroelectrochemical time scale. The outcome of this work revealed the advantageous role of protic RTIL nanodomains in accelerating the proton-coupled reductions to form more energetically favorable product.
Evaluation of in-person and on-line food safety education programs for community volunteers

Abstract The goal of “Make it Safe, Keep it Safe” is to educate volunteers who prepare food for community events about proper handling of food to prevent foodborne illness. A food safety curriculum was delivered either via an in-person workshop or by accessing the material on line from a personal computer. Food safety materials were based upon existing Food and Drug Administration food safety guidelines. University of California Extension Advisors taught the in-person food safety education and recruited participants for the on-line training. Volunteers (n = 242) who prepared food for 4-H programs, churches, service clubs, senior centers or other community activities completed either the on-line or in person workshop. Food safety knowledge was assessed via a pre- and post-survey. Both online and workshop education improved the food safety knowledge of participants and overall there was no significant difference found in the level of knowledge gained from the two formats. The findings have implications for when and how food safety can be taught. The future goal for this project is to promote “Make it Safe, Keep it Safe” as an online food safety education tool for use by Cooperative Extension and other educators.
Mound repair and foraging polyethism in workers ofNasutitermes exitiosus (Hill): (Isoptera: Termitidae)

Studies of polyethism in workers ofNasutitermes exitiosus showed that the oldest instar (LW5) of the large worker line carried out most of the immediate repairs following a breach to the mound surface. LW4 workers participated minimally, and younger instars of both the large and the small worker lines took no obvious part. On the other hand, all worker instars, including the youngest, were prominently represented in foraging parties. Comparisons ofN. exitiosus andN. costalis are made.
Pilot study combining PD-L1 antibody durvalumab (D) with CTLA-4 antibody tremelimumab (T) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to treat metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC).

6088Background: ATC is a rare and aggressive cancer with very limited treatment options. The thyroid is one of the most immunogenic organs in the body and PD-L1 is commonly expressed on ATC tumor c...
TCT-770 Outcomes After Endograft Facilitated Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement for Failed Repair: Surgical vs. Transcatheter Procedures

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) in patients with native or patch repair right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is uncommon because of prohibitive ability to anchor current devices. We compared patients who underwent a new strategy using commercially available endografts to creating
Managing health care in a universal bed model system to improve patient outcomes and cost savings after lobectomy procedures.

e17595 Background: We measured our outcomes before and after thoracic universal bed (UB) model implementation for patients undergoing lobectomy for primary lung cancer. Methods: 630 patients with p...
Preclinical Imaging Using Single Track Location Shear Wave Elastography: Monitoring the Progression of Murine Pancreatic Tumor Liver Metastasis In Vivo

Recently, researchers have discovered the direct impact of the tumor mechanical environment on the growth, drug uptake and prognosis of tumors. While estimating the mechanical parameters (solid stress, fluid pressure, stiffness) can aid in the treatment planning and monitoring, most of these parameters cannot be quantified noninvasively. Shear wave elastography (SWE) has shown promise as a means of noninvasively measuring the stiffness of soft tissue. However, stiffness is still not a recognized imaging biomarker. While SWE has been shown to be capable of measuring tumor stiffness in humans, much important research is done in small animal preclinical models, where tumors are often too small for the resolution of traditional SWE tools. Single-track location SWE (STL-SWE) has previously been shown to overcome the fundamental resolution limit of SWE imposed by ultrasound speckle, which may make it suitable for preclinical imaging. Using STL-SWE, in this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, that the stiffness changes occurring inside metastatic murine pancreatic tumors can be monitored over long time scales (up to 9 weeks). To prevent the respiration motion from degrading the STL-SWE estimates, we developed a real-time software-based respiration gating scheme that we implemented on a Verasonics ultrasound imaging system. By imaging the liver of three healthy mice and performing correlation analysis, we confirmed that the respiration-gated STL-SWE data was free from motion corruption. By performing coregistered power-doppler imaging, we found that the local variability in liver shear wave speed (SWS) measurements increased from 5.4% to 9.9% due to blood flow. We performed a longitudinal study using a murine model of pancreatic cancer liver metastasis to assess the temporal changes (over nine weeks) in SWS in two groups: a controlled group receiving no treatment (n=8), and an experimental group (n=6) treated with Gemcitabine, a chemotherapy agent. We independently evaluated tumor burden using bioluminescence imaging (BLI). The initial and endpoint SWS measurements were statistically different (p $1\times 10^{7}$ photons/s/cm2/sr. Longitudinal measurements on the liver of four healthy mice revealed a maximum coefficient of variation of 11.4%. The results of this investigation demonstrate that with appropriate gating, researchers can use STL-SWE for small animal imaging and perform longitudinal studies using preclinical cancer models.
Quantification of Early-Stage Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer Requires Excluding Basophils

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous group of immature cells that accumulate in the peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment and are barriers to cancer therapy. MDSCs serve as prognostic biomarkers and are targets for therapy. On the basis of surface markers, three subsets of MDSCs have been defined in humans: granulocytic, monocytic, and early stage (e-MDSC). The markers attributed to e-MDSCs overlap with those of basophils, which are rare circulating myeloid cells with unrecognized roles in cancer. Thus, we asked whether e-MDSCs in circulation and the tumor microenvironment include basophils. On average, 58% of cells with e-MDSC surface markers in blood and 36% in ascites from patients with ovarian cancer were basophils based on CD123high expression and cytology, whereas cells with immature features were rare. Circulating and ascites basophils did not suppress proliferation of stimulated T cells, a key feature of MDSCs. Increased accumulation of basophils and basogranulin, a marker of basophil degranulation, were observed in ascites compared to serum in patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. Basophils recruited to the tumor microenvironment may exacerbate fluid accumulation by their release of proinflammatory granular constituents that promote vascular leakage. No significant correlation was observed between peripheral basophil counts and survival in patients with ovarian cancer. Our results suggest that studies in which e-MDSCs were defined solely by surface markers should be reevaluated to exclude basophils. Both immaturity and suppression are criteria to define e-MDSCs in future studies.
Supporting Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Schools Through Multi-Tiered Systems of Support

This chapter describes multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) as methods to implement school-wide evidence-based practice. This system includes examples like positive behavioral interventions and supports or response to intervention. These systems adapt the intensity of support for the population and need of students across behavioral and academic domains. The use of interdisciplinary teams through a multi-tiered framework allows schools to best serve student needs. Characteristics of MTSS schools and each of the three tiers are discussed.
Photo-Induced State Shifting in 1D Semiconductor Quantum Wires

We report on the time-dependent, energetic shifting of the quantum-confinement states within photoexcited CdTe quantum wires identified using transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The initial pho...
Mean Flowfield Evolution with Upsweep Angle in a Simulated Cargo Fuselage Aftbody

The mean flowfield in the aft region of cargo aircraft configurations is analyzed using large-eddy simulations. A simplified surrogate fuselage is considered, consisting of a cylinder with axis par...