cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in the concentrations of the two brain specific proteins, s-100 and 14-3-2, during the development of the avian optic tectum.

Summary The concentrations of the two brain specific proteins, 14-3-2 which is predominantly neuronal, and S-100 which is glial, have been determined in the optic tectum of a series of chick embryos between the 3rd day of incubation and the 9th week post-hatching. Both proteins first appear during the 4th day of incubation at about the time the first differentiated cells can be recognized morphologically. The level of the two proteins shows little increase during the ensuing 8 days at which time cell proliferation ceases, but between about the 17th day of incubation and the 2nd week after hatching the concentration of both proteins increases more-or-less exponentially. Thereafter the rate of increase declines rapidly, but there is a slow continuing increase for some weeks until adult levels are reached. Although the changes in concentration of the two proteins show a close parallelism, the concentration of 14-3-2 is approximately 100 times greater than that of the S-100 protein at each stage in development.
Analysis of DNA synthesis in cell cultures of the adult newt cardiac myocyte

Cell division in the adult cardiac myocyte has been examined in a number of different species in vivo and in vitro. The newt cardiac myocyte responds to trauma in vivo with proliferation. It has recently been successfully placed into cell culture. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the process of DNA synthesis in these cultures. The myocytes were cultured in modified Leibovitz L-15 medium on a bovine corneal endothelial cell membrane carpet and were incubated with tritiated thymidine (1 microCi/ml) for 24 hr prior to fixation at 10, 15, 20 and 30 days. Labeling indices were determined to be 10.5 +/- 2.5, 16.5 +/- 2.8, 10.5 +/- 2.2, and 2.9 +/- 0.6, respectively. When myocytes were exposed to 1 microCi/ml tritiated thymidine continuously from the fifth to the thirtieth day in culture, the labeling index was 34.5 +/- 6.8. Comparison of DNA synthesis in the in vivo and in vitro systems indicated comparable patterns, although there was an earlier onset of activity in culture. Between 8 and 15 days in culture, myocyte mitoses were regularly observed. Myocytes in metaphase contained well-organized myofibrillae, suggesting that mitosis may occur with highly differentiated morphology in vitro. It appears that this system will be useful in the definition of mechanisms involved in both initiating and stopping proliferative events in the cardiac myocyte.
Involuntariness of response on the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility

Abstract Following a tape-recorded administration of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A) of Shor and E. Orne (1962), some 272 Ss recorded their objective responses in the standard scoring booklet and then rated the voluntariness-involuntari-ness of their responses to each HGSHS:A item. The ratings indicated that in about 75% of the instances where HCSHS:A items were objectively passed, Ss experienced their response as completely or mostly involuntary, and this percentage did not differ between ideomotor items and the more difficult challenge items. For a subset of 35 Ss tested on the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C) of Weitz-enhoffer and Hilgard (1962), SHSS:C score was predicted reliably by HGSHS:A objective score. Thus, HGSHS:A is an adequate predictor of hypnotic susceptibility according to a criterion measure (SHSS:C), in spite of the fact that individual HGSHS:A items are not perfect measures of the classical suggestion effect according to the c...
Experimental T-2 toxicosis in swine. I. Changes in cardiac output, aortic mean pressure, catecholamines, 6-keto-PGF1α, thromboxane B2, and acid-base parameters

T-2 toxin given as a single intravascular dose to swine produced a shock syndrome. Dosages of 0.6 or 4.8 mg/kg were administered to different groups of swine. Shock was characterized by reductions in cardiac output and blood pressure, and increased plasma concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, thromboxane B2, 6-keto PGF1α, and lactate. Total peripheral resistance was unchanged in the high-dose group but decreased in the low-dose group. Pulmonary vascular resistance increased in both groups. Decreases occurred in arterial pH and arterial oxygen partial pressure. No alterations occurred in plasma concentrations of histamine or serotonin.
Elasticities in AIDS Models: Comment

Green and Alston have written two articles (1990, 1991) for the Journal on the correct method of calculating elasticities for the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS). Their articles are a departure from the typical approach to the LA/AIDS. The LA/ AIDS is generally used to estimate the parameters of Deaton and Muellbauer's Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). The elasticity formulae for the AIDS are known; Green and Alston's formulae are relevant only if the LA/AIDS is treated as a system in its own right. Such a treatment has merit. However, after checking the implications of treating the LA/AIDS as a system in its own right, we discover that the LA/AIDS itself lacks merit.
Adult reversal of cognitive phenotypes in neurodevelopmental disorders

Recent findings in mice suggest that it is possible to reverse certain neurodevelopmental disorders in adults. Changes in development, previously thought to be irreparable in adults, were believed to underlie the neurological and psychiatric phenotypes of a range of common mental health problems with a clear developmental component. As a consequence, most researchers have focused their efforts on understanding the molecular and cellular processes that alter development with the hope that early intervention could prevent the emergent pathology. Unexpectedly, several different animal model studies published recently, including animal models of autism, suggest that it may be possible to reverse neurodevelopmental disorders in adults: Addressing the underlying molecular and cellular deficits in adults could in several cases dramatically improve the neurocognitive phenotypes in these animal models. The findings reviewed here provide hope to millions of individuals afflicted with a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, since they suggest that it may be possible to treat or even cure them in adults.
A multicenter, phase I evaluation of cryopreserved venous valve allografts for the treatment of chronic deep venous insufficiency.

Abstract Purpose: A phase I feasibility study was conducted to determine whether cryopreserved venous valved segments would remain patent/competent in a short-term period (6 months). Methods: The target group consisted of 10 patients (C 4-6 , E, A D , P R ). The exclusion criteria included untreated superficial/perforator venous disease, significant venous or arterial obstruction, hypercoagulability or coagulopathy, and significant preexisting medical conditions. Required preoperative tests were venous duplex, ascending/descending venography, and a physiologic study (eg, APG, blood typing, an ankle/brachial index, and if post-thrombotic, a hypercoagulability work-up). A single-valve transplant was placed below all reflux, aided by anticoagulation with or without a distal arteriovenous fistula. Postoperative assessment included duplex scanning/clinical examination (at 1, 3, and 6 months), descending venogram (at 1 month), and physiologic study (at 1 and 6 months). The primary end point was valve patency/competence, with clinical outcome as a secondary end point. Adverse events were recorded. Results: After eliminating protocol violations, nine patients with superficial femoral (5) or popliteal (4) vein valve transplants were studied. Six-month actuarial results show a patency rate of 67% ± 16% and 78% ± 13%, respectively, a primary and secondary competency rate of 56% ± 17% and 67% ± 16%, respectively, and a 100% patient survival rate. Clinical outcome averaged 1.1, with healing and/or freedom from ulcer recurrence, in six of nine patients. A postoperative risk of seroma formation (3) and cellulitis (1) exists. Conclusion: In patients with few remaining therapeutic options, one can achieve a 6-month assisted patency and competency rate of 78% and 67%, respectively, with an improved clinical outcome. (J Vasc Surg 1999;30:854-66.)
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MOTHERS AND FATHERS IN TEACHING STYLE AND CHILD-REARING PRACTICES

Summary.-Parent-child interaction was recorded while 32 mothers and 32 fathers taught their children to play a simple game in a naturalistic environment. Steward and Steward's (1973, 1974) Parent Interaction Code was used to quantify the parent-child behaviors and analyses showed that mothers differed from fathers on several dimensions involving teaching style. Such differences were also found for the child-rearing practices of the parents. Although there now is an extensive research literature on parent-child interaction (Friedlander, et al., 1972; Steward & Steward, 1973), most centers on differences in language under laboratory conditions. Ericksen (1980) reviewed this literature in detail but could find no evidence of any systematic research under naturalistic conditions. In everyday life the parent is often in the role of teacher with young children so it seems important to study this relationship. This study is an attempt in that direction. Specifically the questions addressed are as follows: (1) In naturalistic settings do mothers differ from fathers in their teaching styles and child-rearing dimensions? (2) Are there any interactions in teaching style between sex of parent and sex of child? Of 32 mothers and 32 fathers (not married to each other) and 32 sons and 32 daughters, half of the sons and daughters were related to an opposite sex parent in the study and half to the parent of the same sex. All were Caucasians and upper-middle class as measured on the Hollingshead twofactor index of social position (Hollingshead, 1957; Hollingshead & Redlich, 1953). To assess teaching style of the parents the Hess Block Sort Task (Hess & Shipman, 1965) was selected as a standard situation in which to observe interactions of child and parent. This test imposed a common goal on all subjects, i.e., a sorting principle to be learned, and also allowed for considerable variation in the means by which that goal would be reached. Details may be found in Hess and Shipman (1965) and Ericksen (1980). Essentially the Hess Block Sort Task has 14 blocks which differ in four atuibutes: height, shape, color, and presence or absence of an "X" painted on the top. The objectives are to get the parents to teach their children various groupings of the blocks. The Child-rearing Practices Questionnaire, developed by Dielrnan and Barton ( 1979), measures six dimensions of 'child-rearing. These dimensions are high use of punishment versus reason, promotion of dependence versus independence, high versus low use of rewards, high versus low use of rules and regulations, and preference for older versus younger children. Each of
Combination of atomic force microscopy and chemical hydrolysis to characterize degradable regions in polymer blends

In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of chemical-based method in combination with atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the degradable regions in a wide range of polymer blends. This approach is based on selective hydrolysis of one of the components in a multiple-phase system, and the ability of AFM to provide nanoscale lateral information about the different phases in the polymer system. Composite films containing different percentage of hydrolyzable polymer were either melt processed or solution casted and then exposed to a hydrolytic acidic environment. Tapping mode AFM was used to analyze the samples before and after hydrolysis. Dramatic topographic changes such as pits were observed on the acid exposed samples, indicating that the degradation was localized and the more susceptible component in the blend was hydrolyzed. Additionally, the progressive hydrolysis of the composites was studied by attenuated total reflection FTIR (ATR-FTIR) analyses to confirm the AFM results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 726–733, 2006
Estimating Dynamic Relationships between Pork Advertising and Revenues

This study provides a long-run analysis of the impacts of brand and generic advertising on pork revenues. The existence of a feedback relationship between pork revenues and pork advertising is investigated. The results suggest that a short-run feedback relationship exists between total pork advertising and revenues, but not for revenues and generic pork advertising. Long-run analysis shows that revenues significantly affect both advertising measures. However, no evidence of feedback relationships was found in the long run. Results shed light on the nature of strategic responses by pork advertisers to changes in advertising by beef and poultry. Specifically, the results provide evidence that pork advertisers are accommodating to beef's changes, but respond competitively to poultry's.
Latent habituation of the orienting response in the preweanling rat

The effect of inhibiting the orienting response on information processing was examined in four experiments. A nonsignal auditory stimulus was presented four times to preweanhng rats either 30 sec or 15 min after they had been placed in an unfamiliar environment (Experiments 1A and 2), shocked (Experiment 1B)5 or experienced a shift in environmental context (Experiment 1C). Both an autonomic (heart rate) and a behavioral componentx of the orienting response to the novel stimulus were recorded. In the 15-min condition, the auditory stimulus elicited a consistent orienting response on the first trial that habituated rapidly with successive trials. In contrast, the auditory stimulus did not elicit a detectable orienting response in the 30-sec condition on any of the four trials. However, when the auditory stimulus was re-presented after a brief retention interval, a comparable level of habituation was seen in both groups. These results demonstrate that animals in the 30-sec condition detected, attended to, and encoded the auditory stimulus even though they did not orient, either autonomically or behaviorally, to that stimulus when it was first presented. This process of response-independent habituation is best described as latent habituation. Like latent learning, latent habituation took place in the absence of any observable change in behavior. The implications of this effect for current theories of habituation and of the orienting response are discussed.
A Bilayer-Couple Model of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Biogenesis

ABSTRACT Gram-negative bacteria naturally produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that arise through bulging and pinching off of the outer membrane. OMVs have several biological functions for bacteria, most notably as trafficking vehicles for toxins, antimicrobials, and signaling molecules. While their biological roles are now appreciated, the mechanism of OMV formation has not been fully elucidated. We recently demonstrated that the signaling molecule 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS) is required for OMV biogenesis in P. aeruginosa. We hypothesized that PQS stimulates OMV formation through direct interaction with the outer leaflet of the outer membrane. To test this hypothesis, we employed a red blood cell (RBC) model that has been used extensively to study small-molecule–membrane interactions. Our results revealed that addition of PQS to RBCs induced membrane curvature, resulting in the formation of membrane spicules (spikes), consistent with small molecules that are inserted stably into the outer leaflet of the membrane. Radiotracer experiments demonstrated that sufficient PQS was inserted into the membrane to account for this curvature and that curvature induction was specific to PQS structure. These data suggest that a low rate of interleaflet flip-flop forces PQS to accumulate in and expand the outer leaflet relative to the inner leaflet, thus inducing membrane curvature. In support of PQS-mediated outer leaflet expansion, the PQS effect was antagonized by chlorpromazine, a molecule known to be preferentially inserted into the inner leaflet. Based on these data, we propose a bilayer-couple model to describe P. aeruginosa OMV biogenesis and suggest that this is a general mechanism for bacterial OMV formation. IMPORTANCE Despite the ubiquity and importance of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) production in Gram-negative bacteria, the molecular details of OMV biogenesis are not fully understood. Early experiments showed that 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS) induces OMV formation through physical interaction with the membrane but did not elucidate the mechanism. The present study demonstrates that PQS specifically and reversibly promotes blebbing of model membranes dependent upon the same properties that are required for OMV formation in P. aeruginosa. These results are consistent with a mechanism where expansion of the outer leaflet relative to the inner leaflet induces localized membrane curvature. This “bilayer-couple” model can account for OMV formation under all conditions and is easily generalized to other Gram-negative bacteria. The model therefore raises the possibility of a universal paradigm for vesicle production in prokaryotes with features strikingly different from what is known in eukaryotes.
Impact of post-deposition-annealing on the electrical characteristics of HfOxNy gate dielectric on Ge substrate

We systematically investigated the effect of post-deposition-annealing (PDA) on the electrical characteristics of Ge MOS capacitors with hafnium-oxynitride gate dielectric. The higher PDA temperature and longer PDA time was found to obtain the lower equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of HfO"xN"y/Ge gate stack, however, with a larger hysteresis width. A lower EOT of 19.5 A with a low leakage current of 1.8x10^-^5A/cm^2 at V"G=-1V was achieved after 600 ^oC annealing for 5 min. The improved capacitor properties after the PDA may be closely related to the different compositions and thicknesses of the resultant interfacial layers.
Excited states in 22Mg via the 12C(12C, 2n)22Mg reaction

Abstract The 12 C( 12 C, 2n) 22 Mg reaction was measured with the CLARION array and the RMS separator at the Holifield Facility of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This experiment was performed to gather more information on the excited states in 22 Mg, which might be of relevance to recent radioactive ion beam measurements of the astrophysically important 21 Na(p, γ) 22 Mg reaction. The results are compared to direct measurements, transfer experiments and a competing experiment performed with Gammasphere.
Effects of footwear on three-dimensional tibiotalar and subtalar joint motion during running

Running is a popular form of recreation, but injuries are common and may be associated with abnormal joint motion. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of three footwear conditions - barefoot (BF), an ultraflexible training shoe (FREE), and a motion control shoe (MC) - on 3D foot and ankle motion. Dynamic, biplane radiographic images were acquired from 12 runners during overground running. 3D rotations of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints were quantified in terms of plantarflexion/dorsiflexion (PF/DF), inversion/eversion (IN/EV) and internal/external rotation (IR/ER). Across the early stance phase (defined as footstrike to heel-off), BF running demonstrated greater tibiotalar joint range of motion for PF/DF (28.2 ± 8.3°) and IR/ER (7.0 ± 1.4°) than the shod conditions (FREE: PF/DF=15.1 ± 5.9°, IR/ER=4.8 ± 2.1°; MC: PF/DF=15.0 ± 6.2°, IR/ER=4.3 ± 0.7°). Also at the tibiotalar joint, BF running resulted in a position significantly more plantarflexed (BF: 2.0 ± 12.5°, FREE: 15.7 ± 12.2°, MC: 16.5 ± 9.3°) and internally rotated (BF: 12.9 ± 4.5°, FREE: 10.7 ± 4.3°, MC: 10.6 ± 3.9°) at footstrike compared to both shod conditions. No differences were detected between the shod conditions at any point in the early stance phase at the tibiotalar joint. The MC condition demonstrated significant differences compared to FREE at several points throughout the early stance phase at the subtalar joint, with the greatest differences seen at 30% in PF/DF (MC -1.4 ± 8.8°: FREE: -0.5 ± 9.0°), IN/EV (MC -8.1 ± 5.7°: FREE -6.3 ± 5.5°) and IR/ER (MC -9.5 ± 5.3°: FREE: -8.7 ± 5.2°). These findings indicate that footwear has subtle effects on joint motion mainly between BF and shod conditions at the tibiotalar joint and between shod conditions at the subtalar joint.
Drug solubilizers to aid pharmacologists: Amorphous cyclodextrin derivatives

Conversion of crystalline alpha-, beta-, or gamma-cyclodextrins into amorphous mixtures of water soluble derivatives yields non-toxic solubilizers which dissolve drugs through the formation of inclusion complexes. From these types of compounds 2-hydroxypropyl ethers of cyclodextrins have presently been investigated and the ranges for the safe use in working with (a) receptor binding assays on membrane preparations, (b) cells in vitro, and (c) parenteral use in mice were established for these compounds. The drugs which were investigated were dissolved in amounts linearly proportionate to the concentration of the solubilizers used and did not precipitate upon dilution by aqueous media. These solubilizers may considerably facilitate pharmacological evaluation of new, water insoluble potential drugs.
A TRNSYS/GROCS Simulation of the TECH House I Ground-Coupled Series Solar-Assisted Heat Pump System

The series solar-assisted heat-pump heating system with ground-coupled storage in The University of Tennessee's TECH House I in Knoxville, Tennessee, has been modeled using TRNSYS/GROCS and was compared to the experimental performance for the 1980-1981 heating season. The simulation results were within 8% of the experimental measurements. Both simulation and experimental results showed that ground coupling of thermal storage led to the elimination of electric-resistance backup heat and a large reduction in the peak heating demand of the house. Results of a parametric study showed that, in general, a ground-coupled storage tank performs better than a storage tank place outdoors in the Knoxville area. Application of a next-generation heat pump resulted in the most significant impact on the seasonal performance factor. As expected, higher-performance collectors and larger collector areas led to higher system seasonal performance. An economic analysis showed that the series solar-heat-pump system cannot economically compete with the stand-alone heat-pump system in the Knoxville area.
Gender Differences in Environmental Orientations: a Comparison of Publics and Activists in Canada and the U.S:

T ? zHIS study analyzes gender differences in the environmental orientations of male and female publics and environmental activists in two postindustrial nations -Canada and the United States. We are primarily interested in the following questions: (1) Are women more likely than men to hold pro-environmental beliefs? (2) If so, will this difference be evident among both the general public and those individuals who have already distinguished themselves from the general public by joining environmental organizations? (3) Will this difference persist when publics and activists are compared in two countries that take opposing viewpoints on the environmental issue of most concern in this study-acid rain? These questions will be addressed through analyses of survey responses from samples of the general public and members of environmental organizations in the Canadian Province of Ontario and the State of Michigan.
The precardiac areas and formation of the tubular heart in the chick embryo.

Abstract Small fragments of mesoderm and endoderm have been transplanted from stage 5 donor embryos labeled with thymidine- 3 H to corresponding sites in nonlabeled hosts. These fragments heal in and participate in the normal development of the recipient embryo. The distribution of the implanted cells in the tubular heart at stage 12 has been determined by autoradiography, to provide a set of corresponding points in the stage 5 precardiac mesoderm and the epimyocardial and endocardial layers in the stage 12 heart. The tubular heart has been subdivided into 24 defined regions, and the boundaries of those regions have been mapped in the stage 5 mesoderm. The process of heart formation has also been traced through intervening stages by graphic reconstruction and microdissection of the mesoderm layer and by marking the epimyocardial troughs and forming heart tube with particles of iron oxide. The preepimyocardial mesoderm is organized in the stage 5 embryo in two separate regions, one on either side of the embryonic axis, with a gap of noncardiogenic mesoderm of about 0.8 mm between them. At this stage preendocardial cells are organized into areas generally similar in size and location to the preepimyocardial regions, but they are more widely scattered. Each lateral heart-forming region can be subdivided into a series of curved bands. The rostromedial band of each heart-forming region forms the truncoconal tissue of the tubular heart. The mid-portion gives rise to the ventricles and the caudolateral area of each region contributes the cells which form the atria. During cardiogenesis, the preepimyocardial mesoderm behaves as a coherent sheet. It condenses, stretches, folds, and deforms, but it does not lose its integrity as a sheet, nor its continuity with the rest of the layer of splanchnic mesoderm. It does not break up into cells or cell clusters. Endocardial cells, on the other hand, do show some evidence of dispersal as singlets and small groups during formation of the heart tube.
Presence of an Unusual GM2 Derivative, Taurine-conjugated GM2, in Tay-Sachs Brain

Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a classical glycosphingolipid (GSL) storage disease. Although the genetic and biochemical bases for a massive cerebral accumulation of ganglioside GM2 in TSD have been well established, the mechanism for the neural dysfunction in TSD remains elusive. Upon analysis of GSLs from a variant B TS brain, we have detected a novel GSL that has not been previously revealed. We have isolated this GSL in pure form. Using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chemical synthesis, the structure of this unusual GSL was established to be a taurine-conjugated GM2 (tauro-GM2) in which the carboxyl group of N-acetylneuraminic acid was amidated by taurine. Using a rabbit anti-tauro-GM2 serum, we also detected the presence of tauro-GM2 in three other small brain samples from one variant B and two variant O TSD patients. On the other hand, tauro-GM2 was not found in three normal human brain samples. The presence of tauro-GM2 in TS brains, but not in normal brains, indicates the possible association of this unusual GM2 derivative with the pathogenesis of TSD. Our findings point to taurine conjugation as a heretofore unelucidated mechanism for TS brain to cope with water-insoluble GM2.
Presumptions against School District Secession.

While political philosophers have paid a great deal of attention to providing a theory of secession for cases of nations breaking away from nation-states, little has been said about perhaps the most common type of secession — school district secession. I argue that while there is no principled prohibition against school district secession, there are presumptions against the practice. After discussing why justice requires that all children are provided with an education that is autonomy-facilitating and also meets the standards of equality of opportunity, I show that many arguments offered for school district secession do not meet the criteria for justice. Finally, I investigate one policy alternative that concerned parents (at least those with more principled reasons for school district secession) may consider to mitigate their need to secede in cases where they seek more direct participation in the political decisions of their school districts.
Phase and frequency stability of Cassegrainian antennas

Phase and frequency stability of Cassegrainian antennas is important in radio astronomy, geodesy, and planetary sciences. This paper presents a rigorous approach, exact definitions, and simple algorithms for computing these characteristics. Such a consistent and rigorous treatment of phase and frequency stability does not appear to exist in the literature.
Nonreciprocal and magnetically scanned leaky-wave antenna using coupled microstrip lines

A periodic nonreciprocal leaky wave antenna is presented based on coupled microstrip lines on a ferrite substrate. This printed layout was validated to exhibit nonreciprocal transmission properties in its guided-wave region (|β|>k 0 ). To accomplish radiation, the printed dual transmission lines are operated in the fast wave region (|β|&#60;k 0 ), where strong spectral asymmetry (ω(K)≠ω(2π-K)) is also observed. This leads to novel nonreciprocal radiation characteristics. Specifically, more than 10 dB difference is observed between the simulated transmit and receive gain in the E-plane. The antenna can be also magnetically scanned between 20° and 90° (endfire) in the elevation plane by changing the external magnetic field strength. The associated gain varies between 8.34dB and 9.95dB at the operating frequency 2.8 GHz as the beam is scanned.
A clinicopathologic study of preoperative and postoperative findings with minute Gleason 3+3=6 cancer at radical prostatectomy.

Objectives One would expect cases with small foci of cancer at radical prostatectomy to be associated with correspondingly favorable (Gleason score ≤6, Methods Radical prostatectomies from The Johns Hopkins Hospital (July 2004 to July 2006) with only 1 to 3 slides involved by 3+3=6 adenocarcinoma of the prostate with no focus of cancer measuring greater than 2 mm in dimension were identified. Results One hundred fifty-one radical prostatectomy specimens were obtained with cancer involving 1 slide in 69 cases (45.7%), 2 slides in 61 cases (40.4%), and 3 slides in 21 cases (13.9%). Predominantly transition zone cancer was present in 1 patient (0.66%). Mean patient age was 57.1 years (41 to 73 years). Twenty-two patients (14.6%) had a suspicious digital rectal examination. Mean serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and percentage free PSA were 5.2 ng/dL (0.3 to 16.7 ng/dL) and 15.5% (8% to 36%), respectively. Of 146, 127 (87%) men with available information had PSA density of less than 0.15. Mean number of cores obtained was 12 (4 to 27 cores) and all were Gleason 3+3=6 cancers on biopsy. One hundred fourteen cases (75.5%) had 1 core positive, 28 cases (18.5%) 2 cores, and 9 cases (6%) had 3 or more cores positive. One hundred forty-eight cases (98%) had cancer involving 50% or less of 1 core; 2 of these cases with greater than 50% cancer were discontinuous foci. Conclusions Although, typically, biopsy and clinical preoperative findings associated with very limited cancer at radical prostatectomy are correspondingly favorable, exceptions occur in terms of biopsy cancer extent, serum PSA measurements, and digital rectal examination findings.
The tilting of CO molecules chemisorbed on a Pt(110) surface: A molecular-orbital study

The tilting of carbon monoxide molecules adsorbed on a Pt(110) surface has been modeled by using the extened Huckel molecular-orbital (EHMO) method. Electronic properties, including total energies, were obtained for various adsorbate-substrate cluster systems in order to explore the qualitative features of this system. The tilting away from the surface normal is due to excessive close-packing of CO molecules along the atomic ridges of the Pt(110) surface. It is found energetically favorable for the tilting to alternate on either side of each ridge in a zig-zag fashion, as indicated by glide plane symmetry in observed LEED patterns. A polar tilt angle of ∼16o is found, in reasonable agreement with experimental values. This yields CO−CO distances which are similar to the smallest values found in organometallic clusters and small compared with values in CO and CO2 crystals. An azimuthal twist in the direction of the ridges is found to be slightly unfavorable energetically with EHMO, although it is thought to have been observed in some experiments and not in others. The optimal polar tilt angle slightly changes with the size of the metal cluster. To obtain a tilted equilibrium direction one needs at least three CO molecules on neighbouring Pt atoms, and six Pt atoms in two layers (directly beneath each other).
Radiation stability of polypropylene

Abstract Disposable medical products which are formed from polypropylene are readily degraded by high-energy irradiation encountered during the radiation sterilization cycle. Examination of irradiated polypropylene by electron spin resonance indicates that the degradative process is mainly oxidative. In addition, results show that physical properties decrease rapidly with increasing absorbed dose. More importantly, the physical properties continue to deteriorate with time following irradiation. This post-degradative re reaction is oxidative in nature and is initiated mainly by residual radicals following the sterilization cycle. Physical property results indicate that certain polypropylenes that might be acceptable immediately following irradiation would be totally unacceptable after six months due to post-degradation.
Domain of stability of synchronous generators by a cell mapping approach

In this paper, the theory of simple cell mapping is applied to the determination of domains of stability of synchronous generators. The generators are represented by two-dimensional differential dynamical systems including the effects of variable damping and saliency. First, the differential equation governing the behaviour of a generator is reduced to a cell-to-cell mapping. A scheme of compactification is introduced in order to obtain a complete cell state space which consists of a finite number of cells. The methodology of the simple cell mapping is then used to prepare a computer program. Using the program, all the singularities of the cell mapping and the domain of stability can be determined readily. The method is particularly attractive because it can easily take care of any non-linearity. Different systems can be treated by the same program by simply changing the form of the differential equation in the program and/or changing the system parameters. Three kinds of synchronous machine are studied i...
Student employee web portal

ISU's Technical Support team includes the following areas: Help Desk, Front Desk, Desktop Support, Computer Labs and Computer Operations. Some of our facilities and personnel are at the ISU Centers in Idaho Falls, Twin Falls and Boise - each ranging from 45 to 220 miles from the Pocatello campus.These teams combined, employ over 75 student employees at any given time.Due to the size of our team and the geographic distances between our team members, we simply needed a one stop shop web site or portal for our team members. The primary objectives include: increase communication amongst all team members, especially between the teamsquick and easy access to all knowledge sourcesintegrated access to all support toolsAdministrative functions such as scheduling, timesheets, and coverage requests.
Use of a uterine-cell monolayer culture system for micromanipulated bovine embryos

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of micromanipulated bovine embryos in two invitro culture systems. Sixty ova (day 7 from estrus) were collected in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), with 2% fetal calf serum, and transferred to a PBS holding medium containing 10% fetal calf serum to prepare for micromanipulation. Forty embryos (morula to expanded blastocyst stages) were selected for embryo splitting using a modified microsurgery procedure. Thirty-nine of these embryos were successfully bisected into demi-embryos (DE) and the halves allotted by post-manipulation quality grades into one of two treatment groups (Trt). DE in Trt A were cultured in Ham's F-10 medium with 10% FCS (HF-10) while the remaining DE halves from each embryo were cocultured in HF-10 on a monolayer of endometrial fibroblasts (8 × 104 viable fibroblast cells plated three days prior to culture) in Trt B. Embryo development, recorded at 12-hour intervals, was evaluated by a split-plot analysis of variance. Results indicated that embryo viability decreased (P<0.001) over time in culture. Overall viability was greater (P<0.001) for DE in Trt B than in Trt A, with a significant (P<0.05) Trt × Time interaction, indicating that embryo viability decreased more rapidly across time in HF-10 than in the monolayer coculture system. The percentage of DE developing at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours in culture was: 44%, 41%, 33%, 28%, 21% and 18% for Trt A and 69%, 69%, 69%, 67%, 62% and 62% for Trt B. Fourteen of the DE in Trt B attached to fibroblast monolayer and initiated trophoblastic outgrowth and four additional DE remained viable for up to 17.5 days invitro as intact blastocysts. These findings are the first reported that demonstrate that the zona-free bovine DE will develop during invitro culture. Also, the bovine endometrial fibroblast monolayer system proved to be excellent for both short term (≤12 hours) and long term (up to 72 hours) culture of halved bovine embryos.
EVALUATION OF DOCUMENT SEARCHING SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES

Interest in the objective testing and evaluation of document searching systems and procedures has grown steadily during the past decade. The reason for such interest is perhaps obvious: a great deal of attention has been, and is being, given to the development of new methods, including mechanized methods, for storing and searching characterizations of scientific and technical documents. To determine the effectiveness and utility of these new methods, particularly in comparison with the more conventional methods still in use, we need objective means of assessing their performance. Although some progress has been made, much remains to be done on the development of evaluation methods and criteria, a high priority area of study in the view of many individuals and organizations.
Stereotyped adjunctive pecking by caged pigeons

The behavior of 77 pigeons maintained at 80% of their free-feeding weights in open-wire battery cages was monitored 16 times a day by observers for up to 285 days. Five distinct types of stereotyped behaviors were operationally defined. One of these behaviors, “spot pecking,” clearly predominated. Forty-nine of the 77 pigeons were observed spotpecking on at least 25% of the days they were observed, and several pigeons emitted more than 50,000 spot pecks per day. This occurred in spite of the total absence of any explicit reinforcer. A series of three experiments demonstrated that the great majority of spot pecks occurred in the hours immediately after feeding, that only food-deprived birds spot pecked, and that the behavior of adjacent birds influenced the rate of acquisition of stereotypes. Difficulties with labeling spot pecking as superstitious, respondent, or mediating are discussed. It is suggested that spot pecking be classed as an “adjunctive” behavior.
European migrant labour: Present and future conditional

(1974). European migrant labour: Present and future conditional. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 5-18.
Prediction of Peak Back Compressive Forces as a Function of Lifting Speed and Compressive Forces at Lift Origin and Destination - A Pilot Study

Objectives: To determine the feasibility of predicting static and dynamic peak back-compressive forces based on (1) static back compressive force values at the lift origin and destination and (2) lifting speed. Methods: Ten male subjects performed symmetric mid-sagittal floor-to-shoulder, floor-to-waist, and waist-to-shoulder lifts at three different speeds (slow, medium, and fast), and with two different loads (light and heavy). Two-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were captured. Linear regression analyses were used to develop prediction equations, the amount of predictability, and significance for static and dynamic peak back-compressive forces based on a static origin and destination average (SODA) back-compressive force. Results: Static and dynamic peak back-compressive forces were highly predicted by the SODA, with R 2 values ranging from 0.830 to 0.947. Slopes were significantly different between slow and fast lifting speeds (p Conclusion: SODA under-predict both static and dynamic peak back-compressive force values. Peak values are highly predictable and could be readily determined using back-compressive force assessments at the origin and destination of a lifting task. This could be valuable for enhancing job design and analysis in the workplace and for large-scale studies where a full analysis of each lifting task is not feasible.
RELATIVISTIC SURFACE DYNAMICS OF AN ISOLATED WORLD TUBE OF PERFECT FLUID.

Abstract : This memorandum constitutes another step in a continuing investigation of the physics and mathematics of general relativity. Here, we are concerned with the boundary values which are appropriate to those cosmological models which assume that the material medium is a perfect fluid. In the past, it has usually been assumed that the entire space is filled by the fluid. The results reported here make such an assumption unnecessary and provide the basis for a cosmological model in which there are a finite number of isolated world tubes of fluid which would hope fully correspond to galaxies.
Microfluidic Devices for Enhancing the Sensitivity of ELISA Methods

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are critically important tools in biological research, allowing the presence and concentrations of a wide variety of key biochemical intermediates to be determined. While the signal amplification that is the core advantage of ELISA methods is impressive, it is nevertheless the case that it is insufficient for some particularly demanding challenges in terms of sensitivity, assay time, or sample size. In this paper, we discuss three different approaches developed in our laboratory that can improve the sensitivity of ELISA methods by 2–3 orders of magnitude. Two of these approaches have been shown to reduce the minimum detectable concentration of the target analyte in the system through trapping of the analyte species and the enzyme reaction product around a semi-permeable membrane. The third approach, on the other hand, focuses on reducing the sample volume requirement in these assays by implementing multiplex ELISA methods in a single microfluidic channel using the same enzyme label. This multiplex technique relies on the slow diffusion of the enzyme reaction product across adjacent assay segments for accurate quantitation and has been demonstrated to have a limit of detection substantially better than that of commercial microtiter plates. We believe the combination of these approaches could significantly extend the applicability of the ELISA technique to more challenging assays than is currently possible.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Age at onset and clinical features of late life compulsive hoarding

Objectives Compulsive hoarding is a debilitating, chronic disorder, yet we know little about its onset, clinical features, or course throughout the life span. Hoarding symptoms often come to clinical attention when patients are in late life, and case reports of elderly hoarders abound. Yet no prior study has examined whether elderly compulsive hoarders have early or late onset of hoarding symptoms, whether their hoarding symptoms are idiopathic or secondary to other conditions, or whether their symptoms are similar to compulsive hoarding symptoms seen in younger and middle-aged populations. The objectives of this study were to determine the onset and illustrate the course and clinical features of late life compulsive hoarding, including psychiatric and medical comorbitities. Methods Participants were 18 older adults (≥60) with clinically significant compulsive hoarding. They were assessed using structured interviews, including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID I), Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), and UCLA Hoarding Severity Scale (UHSS). Self-report Measures Included the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and Savings Inventory-Revised (SI-R). Psychosocial and medical histories were also obtained. To determine age at onset, participants were asked to rate their hoarding symptoms and describe major life events that occurred during each decade of their lives. Results Results show that (1) onset of compulsive hoarding symptoms was initially reported as being in mid-life but actually found to be in childhood or adolescence. No subjects reported late onset compulsive hoarding. (2) Compulsive hoarding severity increased with each decade of life. (3) Comorbid mood and anxiety disorders were common, but only 16% of patients met criteria for OCD if hoarding symptoms were not counted toward the diagnosis. (4) The vast majority of patients had never received treatment for hoarding. (5) Older adults with compulsive hoarding were usually socially impaired and living alone. Conclusions Compulsive hoarding is a progressive and chronic condition that begins early in life. Left untreated, its severity increases with age. Compulsive hoarding should be considered a distinct clinical syndrome, separate from OCD. Unfortunately, compulsive hoarding is largely unrecognized and untreated in older adults. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BeadLoom Game: using game elements to increase motivation and learning

The Virtual Bead Loom (VBL) was designed to teach mathematical concepts such as Cartesian coordinates, symmetry, and iteration to middle and high school math students through the design of Native American-inspired bead loom art. In our outreach programs using the VBL, we noted that the students avoid using complex functions such as iteration, instead creating designs one point or line at a time. To motivate students to learn the advanced concepts, we created the BeadLoom Game by adding game elements to the VBL. We have tested the BeadLoom Game with two summer camps and found that the game motivates students, exposes them to more complex computing-related math concepts, and increases the chance that students will continue using the tool beyond assigned class time.
Optimizing communications satellite deployment: development of a decision aid

We discuss the problem of optimizing the utilization of communication satellite capacity. The modern fixed satellite service provider seeks improved methods to optimize the amount of service demand that is accommodated by capacity available on its satellite network. A mixed-integer programming (MIP) model is proposed for the solution of the problem, as part of a decision support tool. Such a tool integrates three system components, which are: a mathematical optimization model, an optimization algorithm, and a graphical user interface. We discuss the design process associated with each component of the system and conclude with preliminary results obtained from sample optimization runs
Novel multifusion optical imaging sensing principles

The goal of this study is to present novel, multifusion, optical imaging sensing principles, based on laser polarimetric imaging of targets surrounded by scattered media, using the Mueller matrices based formalism. Specifically, the novelty of the imaging system consists in the fusion of dual-energy imaging principles, with polarimetric imaging principles at varying focal lengths and exposures. The experimental results indicate clearly that, high specificity images can be obtained by transmitted and scattered photons from several media, by means of the proposed technique.