cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-Pay Payer Status Predicts Long-Term Loss to Follow-Up After Bariatric Surgery

In spite of widespread recommendations for lifelong patient follow-up with a bariatric provider after bariatric surgery, attrition to follow-up is common. Over the past two decades, many programs have sought to expand access to care for patients lacking insurance coverage for bariatric surgery by offering “self-pay” packages; however, the impact of this financing on long-term follow-up is unclear. We sought to determine whether payer status impacts loss to follow-up within 1 year after bariatric surgery. Records of 554 consecutive patients undergoing bariatric surgery who were eligible for 1-year post-surgical follow-up between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Multiple logistic regression examined the relationship between demographics, psychological variables, payer status, and loss to follow-up. Self-pay status more than tripled the odds of loss to follow-up (OR = 3.44, p < 0.01) at 1 year following surgery. Males had more than double the odds of attrition (OR = 2.43, p < 0.01), and members of racial and ethnic minority groups (OR = 2.51, p < 0.05) were more likely to experience loss. Self-pay patients, males and members of racial and ethnic minority groups, may face additional barriers to long-term access to postoperative bariatric care. Further investigation is greatly needed to develop strategies to overcome barriers to and disparities in long-term post-surgical care for more frequently lost groups.
Regulation of amyloid-β levels by matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP2/9) in the media of lung cancer cells

In this study, we set out to identify regulators of intact amyloid-β40/42 (Aβ) levels in A549 (p53 wild-type) and H1299 (p53-null) lung cancer cell media. Higher Aβ levels were detected in the media of A549 than H1299 cells without or with treatment with 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) and/or the anti-CD44 antibody (5F12). Using inhibitors, we found that PI3K, AKT, and NFκB are likely involved in regulating Aβ levels in the media. However, increased Aβ levels that more closely resembled those found upon 4-MU co-treatment resulted from MMP2/9 inhibition, suggesting that MMP2/9 maybe the main contributors to regulation of Aβ levels in the media. Differences in Aβ levels might be accounted for, in part, by p53 since blocking p53 function in A549 cells resulted in decreased Aβ levels, increased MMP2/9 levels, increased PI3K/AKT activities and the phospho/total NFκB ratio. Using siRNA targeted against MMP2 or MMP9, we found increased Aβ levels in the media, however, MMP2 knockdown led to Aβ levels closely mimicking those detected by co-treatment with 4-MU. Cell viability or apoptosis upon treatment with either MMP2 or MMP9 siRNA along with Aβ immunodepletion, showed that MMP2 is the predominant regulator of the cytotoxic effects induced by Aβ in lung cancer cells.
Post-exposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus after sexual assault in a Midwestern U.S. emergency department.

Abstract Background Emergency departments (EDs) play an essential role in the timely initiation of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for sexual assault victims. Methods Retrospective analysis of sexual assault victims evaluated and offered HIV PEP in an urban academic ED between January 1, 2005 and January 1, 2018. Data on demographics, comorbidities, nature of sexual assault, initial ED care, subsequent healthcare utilization within 28 days of initial ED visit, and evidence of seroconversion within 6 months of the initial ED visit were obtained. Predictors of subsequent ED visit and follow-up in the infectious diseases clinic were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results Four hundred twenty-three ED visits met criteria for inclusion in this study. Median age at ED presentation was 25 years (IQR 21–34 years), with the majority of victims being female (95.5%), Black (63.4%), unemployed (66.3%) and uninsured (53.9%); psychiatric comorbidities (38.8%) and substance abuse (23.6%) were common. About 87% of the patients accepted HIV PEP (368 of 423 ED visits). Age (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94–0.99, p = 0.025) and sexual assault involving >1 assailant (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26–0.88, p = 0.018) were associated with lower likelihood of HIV PEP acceptance. Ten patients (2.7%) followed up with the infectious disease clinic within 28 days of starting HIV PEP; 70 patients (19%) returned to the ED for care during the same time period. Psychiatric comorbidity (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.43–4.30, p = 0.001) and anal penetration (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.10–3.70, p = 0.024) were associated with greater likelihood of repeat ED visit; female gender (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11–0.85, p = 0.023) was associated with lower likelihood of repeat visit. Completion of HIV PEP was documented for 14 (3.3%) individuals. Conclusions While ED patient acceptance of HIV PEP after sexual assault was high, infectious disease clinic follow-up and documented completion of PEP remained low. Innovative care models bridging EDs to outpatient clinics and community support services are needed to optimize transitions of care for sexual assault victims, including those receiving HIV PEP.
Toward User-Driven Sound Recognizer Personalization with People Who Are d/Deaf or Hard of Hearing

Automated sound recognition tools can be a useful complement to d/Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) people's typical communication and environmental awareness strategies. Pre-trained sound recognition models, however, may not meet the diverse needs of individual DHH users. While approaches from human-centered machine learning can enable non-expert users to build their own automated systems, end-user ML solutions that augment human sensory abilities present a unique challenge for users who have sensory disabilities: how can a DHH user, who has difficulty hearing a sound themselves, effectively record samples to train an ML system to recognize that sound? To better understand how DHH users can drive personalization of their own assistive sound recognition tools, we conducted a three-part study with 14 DHH participants: (1) an initial interview and demo of a personalizable sound recognizer, (2) a week-long field study of in situ recording, and (3) a follow-up interview and ideation session. Our results highlight a positive subjective experience when recording and interpreting training data in situ, but we uncover several key pitfalls unique to DHH users---such as inhibited judgement of representative samples due to limited audiological experience. We share implications of these results for the design of recording interfaces and human-the-the-loop systems that can support DHH users to build sound recognizers for their personal needs.
Brave Community: teaching and learning about racism in college

This study asks, “How do instructors successfully engage students in learning about controversial issues of race without hitting the common tripwires of low trust, stereotyping or racial microaggre...
Do Images Provide Relevant Information to Investors? An Exploratory Study

We develop novel machine learning algorithms to construct metrics of visual readability in firms' annual reports. Firms increase their use of imagery content when there is more news coverage and greater asset growth during the year. Consistent with improvements in the information environment, an increase in the use of imagery content is associated with lower risk, lower cost of capital, and higher bond ratings during the subsequent year. Firms also experience an increase in their institutional investor base, gain higher market share, and report a higher ROA. The degree to which the imagery content reinforces the textual narrative in the annual reports is associated with lower analyst disagreement and greater forecast accuracy. We do not find evidence of short-term market price overreactions. Our results are more consistent with an information story than with hype.
Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition

This text was the first systematic study of what it meant to be 'Greek' in late antiquity and Byzantium, an identity that could alternatively become national, religious, philosophical, or cultural. Through close readings of the sources, Professor Kaldellis surveys the space that Hellenism occupied in each period; the broader debates in which it was caught up; and the historical causes of its successive transformations. The first section (100–400) shows how Romanisation and Christianisation led to the abandonment of Hellenism as a national label and its restriction to a negative religious sense and a positive, albeit rarefied, cultural one. The second (1000–1300) shows how Hellenism was revived in Byzantium and contributed to the evolution of its culture. The discussion looks closely at the reception of the classical tradition, which was the reason why Hellenism was always desirable and dangerous in Christian society, and presents a new model for understanding Byzantine civilisation.
Multiple Roles, Stress and Well-Being among MSW Students

Abstract With more older, married, and working students entering graduate social work schools, there is concern that these “nontraditional” students need assistance managing the stresses of multiple roles beyond the student role. But do they experience more stress than other students? This study of MSW students indicates that the spouses, parents, and workers experience less rather than greater stress, but when all background characteristics are controlled, the only predictor of stress and poor psychological well-being is a psychological measure, perception of external Locus of Control.
Serum protein concentrations as predictors of serum immunoglobulin G concentration in neonatal foals.

Objective To determine the predictive value of serum concentrations of total protein (sTP), albumin (sAlb), and globulin (sGlob) measured by automated calorimetric assays to estimate serum immunoglobulin G (sIgG) concentrations in neonatal foals and identify failure of transfer of passive immunity when compared to turbidoimmunometric assay determinations of sIgG. Design Retrospective and prospective analysis of laboratory data. Setting University tertiary care facility. Animals Group 1 (retrospective): foals (n = 45) ≤7 days of age in which sIgG, sGlob, sAlb, and sTP concentrations were measured on an automated chemistry analyzer. Group 2 (prospective): foals (n = 31) ≤7 days of age with same laboratory data collected used to validate equations generated from group 1 foals. Interventions Spearman rank correlations between measured sIgG and serum protein concentrations were performed. When significant correlation was found, sIgG was estimated using an sGlob simple linear regression and estimated using a sGlob, sTP, and sAlb multiple linear regression. Comparisons between estimated and measured sIgG was performed using Kruskal-Wallis testing. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated to identify foals with sIgG < 8.0 g/L [<800 mg/dL]. Measurements and Main Results sIgG was correlated with sGlob, sTP, and sAlb (ρ = 0.8, 0.6, and –0.3, respectively; P 0.9). In group 1 foals, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 73%, 76%, 73%, and 83%, respectively, for sGlob, and 90%, 76%, 75%, and 90%, respectively, for multiple proteins estimated sIgG identification of failure of transfer of passive immunity. Test qualities were improved in group 2 foals. Conclusions Serum protein concentrations may be used to estimate sIgG concentrations in newborn foals. Further investigation using a larger sample size is needed to validate this methodology of assessing humoral immunity in neonatal foals.
Microbial water quality before and after the repair of a failing onsite wastewater treatment system adjacent to coastal waters

Aims: The objective was to assess the impacts of repairing a failing onsite wastewater treatment system (OWTS, i.e., septic system) as related to coastal microbial water quality. Methods and Results: Wastewater, groundwater and surface water were monitored for environmental parameters, faecal indicator bacteria (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci) and the viral tracer MS2 before and after repairing a failing OWTS. MS2 results using plaque enumeration and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) often agreed, but inhibition limited the qRT-PCR assay sensitivity. Prerepair, MS2 persisted in groundwater and was detected in the nearby creek; postrepair, it was not detected. In groundwater, total coliform concentrations were lower and E. coli was not detected, while enterococci concentrations were similar to prerepair levels. E. coli and enterococci surface water concentrations were elevated both before and after the repair. Conclusions: Repairing the failing OWTS improved groundwater microbial water quality, although persistence of bacteria in surface water suggests that the OWTS was not the singular faecal contributor to adjacent coastal waters. A suite of tracers is needed to fully assess OWTS performance in treating microbial contaminants and related impacts on receiving waters. Molecular methods like qRT-PCR have potential but require optimization. Significance and Impact of Study: This is the first before and after study of a failing OWTS and provides guidance on selection of microbial tracers and methods.
False resistance to imipenem with a microdilution susceptibility testing system.

Routine monitoring of antibiotic resistance at Children9s Hospital, Boston, detected a dramatic increase in the prevalence of imipenem-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further studies documented that false resistance to imipenem was due, in part, to the loss of imipenem potency in customized MIC microdilution trays supplied by Sensititre Ltd. (West Sussex, United Kingdom). Recognition of the problem was delayed by use of the quality control standard recommended by the manufacturer, which were higher and broader than those suggested by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.
TOOSQL - A Temporal Object-Oriented Query Language

This paper proposes a temporal, object-oriented query language called TOOSQL which has an SQL-like syntax and compares it with other recent developments in the area. TOOSQL was designed to satisfy the criteria for temporal languages developed in previous work on temporal relational models and to extend this criteria to a language for an object-oriented model which has several inherent features that make it a more attractive basis for a temporal data model. TOOSQL differs from previous work and concurrent efforts in its support for corrections, schema updates, tune-sequence operations and user-defined operations. A grammar is developed as a means of formalizing TOOSQL. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of open issues.
Mixed episodes with psychotic features.

Mixed episode is one of the more difficult-to-treat conditions in bipolar disorder. The presence of mixed features (symptoms of both depression and mania in a single acute episode) is associated with both poorer acute treatment response and poorer longitudinal outcomes, including shorter subsequent inter-episode periods and greater suicidality. Mixed features are indicative of an overall greater severity of both acute and chronic illness (Slide 1).
Effects of ion energy distribution on topography dependent charging

A new mode of plasma charging which depends on the aspect ratio has recently been observed during poly-Si etching in the form of notching and oxide damage. The mechanism behind this charging appears to be the directionality difference between ions and electrons bombarding the surface. A simulator which considers the roles of the ion and electron energy distributions on topography related charging is shown and verified by application to experimental results. The general results are that the charging voltages due to the directionality difference of ions and electrons are controlled by the population of low energy ions and that anything that increases this population reduces charging.
The investigation of the hcn derivative diiminosuccinonitrile as a prebiotic condensing agent. The formation of phosphate esters

Diiminosuccinonitrile (DISN) is formed readily by the Fe3+ oxidation of diaminomaleonitrile, a tetramer of HCN. DISN effects the phosphorylation of uridine in 13% yield to a mixture of the isomers of UMP when the reaction is performed in dimethylformamide solution. A 4% yield of the UMP isomers is obtained in neutral aqueous solution using 2 times the DISN concentration and 7 times the phosphate concentration used in DMF. DISN did not effect the conversion of adenosine to AMP or 5'-AMP to 5'-ADP in aqueous solution. The cyclization of 3'-AMP and 3'-UMP to the corresponding 2'-3'-cyclic phosphates proceeds in yields as high as 40-50% at 60 degrees C in pH 6 aqueous solutions in the presence of divalent metal ions. Lower yields of the cyclic phosphate are observed when 2'-AMP is the starting material. Substitution of acetate buffer for imidazole buffer results in a decrease in the yield of cyclic phosphate, the extent of which depends on the metal ion used in the reaction. No 3'5'-cyclic AMP was detected as a reaction product with either 5'-AMP or 3'-AMP as the starting material except for a 2.4% yield from 3'-AMP in the presence of Zn2+. BrCN effects the conversion of 3'-AMP to the 2'-3'-cyclic AMP in 37-65% yield depending on the divalent cation used as catalyst. A mechanism has been proposed for these cyclization reactions and their potential significance to the prebiotic synthesis of ribonucleic acid derivatives is discussed.
Transgenic indicator mice for studying activated retinoic acid receptors during development.

Abstract Retinoic acid (RA) receptors (RARs) are ligand-inducible transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences associated with the regulatory regions of RA-regulatable genes. Since RA has been implicated as an important factor both in normal development and in teratological studies, one would like to have a model system that detects the presence of activated receptors during development. We have constructed a recombinant reporter gene that has three copies of the RA response element (RARE) from the RAR beta-2 promoter 5' to the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter; this regulatory region is coupled to the bacterial beta-galactosidase reporter gene. This construct was RA inducible in transient transfection assays in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. Transgenic embryos with this reporter gene construct exhibited restricted and reproducible patterns of beta-galactosidase activity during embryogenesis, beginning between gestational ages day 7.5 and 8.5. At day 8.5, beta-galactosidase activity was detected in the closed neurotube and somites. Day 8.5 embryos, from pregnant females fed RA 14 hr earlier, exhibited a greater intensity and distribution of beta-galactosidase activity. Similarly, at later stages of gestation, maternal RA exposure resulted in enhanced embryonic beta-galactosidase expression. This type of transgenic indicator mouse should be useful in detailing the role of activated RARs during embryonic development.
Palliative Care in Lung Cancer

Advancements in the surgical and medical treatment of lung cancer have resulted in more favorable short-term survival outcomes. After initial treatment, lung cancer requires continued surveillance and follow-up for long-term side effects and possible recurrence. The integration of quality palliative care into routine clinical care of patients with lung cancer after surgical intervention is essential in preserving function and optimizing quality of life through survivorship. An interdisciplinary palliative care model can effectively link patients to the appropriate supportive care services in a timely fashion. This article describes the role of palliative care for patients with lung cancer.
Experimental investigation of a 1.5-m-diam Kaufman thruster.

Kaufman thrustor with curved stainless steel accelerating grid system noting operation, efficiency, plasma instability, etc
Changing Views of the San Andreas Fault

The magnitude 7.0 earthquake that struck Haiti on 12 January 2010 is a reminder of the devastation caused by large earthquakes. Because recurrence of large ( M 7–8) earthquakes is rare, on the order of centuries, studying the past behavior of a fault guides future expectations. Paleoseismologists examine the stratigraphic and geomorphic history of deposits and landforms along a fault for evidence of past ruptures. Such observations provide information on when earthquakes happened, what parts of the fault failed, and the size of the earthquakes. The collected geologic data form the backbone of probabilistic seismic hazard analyses ( 1 ) used by the insurance and engineering industries and are increasingly used to explore models of lithosphere rheology and fault interaction ( 2 , 3 ). Because of sparse data, however, inferences about patterns of strain accumulation and release are a common occurrence. On pages 1119 and 1117 of this issue, Zielke et al. ( 4 ) and Grant Ludwig et al. ( 5 ) present data and interpretations providing an exciting new view that questions fault behavior models that have been applied to the south central San Andreas Fault for decades, highlighting the value of revisiting old problems with new techniques.
Polyoma tumor antigen in cells transformed in vitro by polyoma virus.

Abstract “Foreign” cellular antigens previously found in in vivo induced polyoma tumors of the hamster and mouse were sought in cells transformed in vitro by this virus. In the case of hamster embryo cells maintained in continuous culture for over a year since being transformed, the evidence for the presence of polyoma tumor antigens was equivocal. However, when a tumor produced by a recently transformed hamster embryo culture was used, tumor antigens were readily demonstrated. Mouse embryo cells transformed in vitro by virus, and a tumor derived from them, also contained the tumor antigens. The presence of the tumor antigens was determined by showing that polyoma virus-immune animals were resistant to tumor production after challenge with the in vitro transformed cells or with early transplant passage tumors derived from them. Resistance could be shown against a challenge with transformed mouse embryo culture cells carrying infectious virus, as well as against a transplantable tumor derived from them in which no virus could be demonstrated. No resistance could be shown in virus-immune mice challenged with a tumor derived from an uninfected control mouse embryo culture.
Metal-catalyzed etching of graphene governed by metal-carbon interactions: a comparison of Fe and Cu

Abstract We present a comparative investigation on the etching of graphene catalyzed by Fe and Cu. When Fe or Cu thin film deposited on graphene is rapidly annealed in either N2 or forming gas (10% H2/90% N2), particles are produced due to the dewetting of thin films. Low-voltage scanning electron microscopy reveals different morphology for Fe and Cu particles and their strikingly different catalytic etching behaviors. For the Fe thin film on graphene annealed at 950 °C in either gas environment, graphene is severely damaged, suggesting that the etching could occur through catalytic carbon hydrogenation or carbon dissolution into Fe due to the strong Fe–C interactions. In contrast, while no etching takes place for Cu particles on graphene at 1050 °C in N2, Cu particles catalytically etch channels in graphene in forming gas through carbon hydrogenation, and the width of the channel is much narrower than the diameter of Cu particle due to the non-wetting behavior of Cu on graphene. The weak interactions between Cu and graphene, along with the low solubility of carbon in Cu, make Cu particles ideal for tracking their etching paths on graphene. This work provides new insights into the metal-catalyzed etching of graphene.
A comparative evaluation of objective and subjective weather forecasts in the united states

Weather forecasts today are prepared by both objective and subjective methods. Objective methods generally involve the use of numerical (i.e., physical/dynamical) and/or statistical models. These methods are objective in the sense that, for a particular procedure and set of relevant data, the forecasts produced do not depend on a meteorologist’s judgment, although subjectivity is involved in the choice of a procedure and a set of data. Subjective methods, on the other hand, are methods in which the formulation of the forecasts is based at least in part on the judgments of one or more meteorologists. According to these definitions, the official forecasts issued to the general public and specific users by the National Weather Service (NWS) in the United States usually are considered to be subjective forecasts.
Cholesterol side chain cleavage and aromatase activities in the corpus luteum of the pregnant rhesus monkey.

Cholesterol side-chain cleavage (CSCC) and aromatase activities were measured in luteal mitochondria and tissue pieces, respectively, from rhesus monkeys on days 22, 49, 128 and 160 of gestation. CSCC activity did not vary significantly during gestation and thus probably does not respond to chorionic gonadotropin which is elevated on day 22 of pregnancy. It is not known, however, whether CSCC can be stimulated prior to day 22 when the corpus luteum is steroidogenically more active. Both 3H-pregnenolone and 3H-progesterone were synthesized from [1,2-3H]cholesterol. Aromatase activity declined from high levels on days 22 and 49 to a nadir on day 128 of pregnancy. Utilizing either [1β-3H]androstenedione or [1β-3H]testosterone as substrate yielded comparable results throughout gestation.
Tourism skilled labor

Abstract Tourism development in sub-Saharan Africa, like in other Third-World areas, depends to a considerable extent on foreign expertise to meet its skilled labor requirements. As a consequence, much of the tourism-generated revenue leaks out of the region in the form of management fees and allowances paid to multinational enterprises and their expatriate personnel. This dependence on external sources for skilled labor, coupled with the industry's requirements for imported machinery, equipment, food, and other essential supplies has raised doubts about the efficacy of tourism for revitalizing stagnant economies in sub-Saharan Africa. The article suggests four strategies for resolving the skilled labor problem.
Hydroxylations of carbaryl by soil fungi.

CARBARYL (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) is an important pesticide with a half-life in soil of approximately 1 week. However, the possible formation of detoxication products by microorganisms that persist longer in soil has not been investigated.
Contacts and influence

This essay raises more questions than it answers. In first draft, which we have only moderately revised, it was written about two decades ago and has been circulating in manuscript since then. (References to recent literature have, however, been added.) It was not published previously because we raised so many questions that we did not know how to answer; we hoped to eventually solve the problems and publish. The time has come to cut bait. With the publication of a new journal of human network studies, we offer our initial soundings and unsolved questions to the community of researchers which is now forming in this field. While a great deal of work has been done on some of these questions during the past 20 years, we do not feel that the basic problems have been adequately resolved.
Clustering Web Pages into Hierarchical Categories

Clustering is well suited for Web mining by automatically organizing Web pages into categories each of which contains Web pages having similar contents. However, one problem in clustering is the lack of general methods to automatically determine the number of categories or clusters. For the Web domain, until now there is no such a method suitable for Web page clustering. To address this problem, we discovered a constant factor that characterizes the Web domain, based on which we propose a new method for automatically determining the number of clusters in Web page datasets. We also propose a new Bidirectional Hierarchical Clustering algorithm, which arranges individual Web pages into clusters and then arranges the clusters into larger clusters and so on until the average inter-cluster similarity approaches the constant factor. Having the new constant factor together with the new algorithm, we have developed a clustering system suitable for mining the Web.
Ethanol exposure during either adolescence or adulthood alters the rewarding effects of cocaine in adult rats

article i nfo Keywords: Adolescence Alcohol Ethanol Cocaine Conditioned place preference Rat Objectives: The present studies assessed the effects of adolescent and adult ethanol exposure on the reward- ing effects of cocaine as measured with the conditioned place preference procedure. Methods: Male rats were exposed to intraperitoneal (IP) injections of ethanol or vehicle for 10 days (postnatal days (PNDs) 30-39 or PNDs 70-79; 2 mg/kg). Place preference conditioning began on PND 65 or PND 105, respectively, and consisted of a baseline test followed by four conditioning cycles with either 0, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg cocaine. Following the fourth conditioning cycle a final preference test was performed. Changes in time on the drug-paired side between the baseline and final test were analyzed. Results: Animals exposed to vehicle (during adolescence or adulthood) showed a significant place preference at 20 mg/kg cocaine. Animals exposed to ethanol (during adolescence or adulthood) showed a significant place preference at 10 mg/kg cocaine. Conclusions: Exposure to ethanol (adolescents or adults) sensitized the rewarding effects of cocaine. This may indicate an increase in the abuse liability of cocaine following a history of ethanol exposure.
Long-term treatment of double depression: A preliminary study with serotonergic antidepressants

1. There is increasing evidence that many patients with major depression also have coexisting dysthymia, and that antidepressant treatment may alleviate both conditions. 2. Open-label study of fluoxetine and trazodone for 18 patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for concurrent dysthymia and major depression. 3. Fourteen patients completed three-month medication trials, and seven (50%) of completers) responded to treatment. At five months, eight (57.1%) were in remission. Fluoxetine was significantly better tolerated than trazodone, with respective dropout rates of 7.7% and 80%. 4. Findings are consistent with efficacy of serotonergic agents in this condition.
Crystallographic Texture in Rolled Aluminum Plates: Neutron Pole Figure Measurements

In crystalline materials with anisotropic elastic constants, the propagation of ultrasound is strongly dependent upon crystallographic texture. This dependence may provide investigators with a relatively rapid and economical method for monitoring texture in processed materials such as rolled plate [1–3]. We have made use of ultrasound to characterize texture in rolled aluminum plates that are to be used in the fabrication of cans [4]. Ultimately, it would be desirable to incorporate ultrasound-based texture monitors in the manufacturing process so that texture can be automatically controlled.
The role of radiation therapy in Hodgkin disease: experience and controversy. The 54th annual Janeway Lecture: 1989.

Background. Beginning in 1970, a series of patients with Hodgkin disease were treated at the University of Minnesota, after staging laparotomy, with radiation therapy (RT) for Stage I, II, and IIIA Hodgkin disease. This report is an analysis of the results of the treatment and of treatment modifications. Methods. From 1970 to 1974, all patients were treated with standard RT. In 1975, an analysis of these patients indicated that patients with large mediastinal mass (LMM) and patients with Stage IIIA spleen-positive (IIIAS+) disease had a higher recurrence rates than patients without these factors. Subsequently, a schema of radical radiation therapy (RRT) was devised, which included low-dose lung RT for patients with LMM and low-dose liver RT for patients with IIIAS+ disease. Results. Analysis of the results of the two treatments indicates that the use of low-dose lung RT in patients with LMM and low-dose liver RT in patients with IIIAS+ Hodgkin disease produced survival and recurrence-free survival results equivalent to those achieved by use of combined modality treatment (CMT) or chemotherapy (CT) alone. Conclusions. The use of RT with whole lung and liver irradiation for patients with LMM and IIIAS+ Hodgkin disease, respectively, produces results that are equivalent to those of CMT or CT alone with the advantage of a decreased incidence of second malignant neoplasms. In addition, patients who do not respond to initial RT have a greater chance of being saved with chemotherapy than do patients initially treated with CMT of being saved with RT. The authors suggest that radical RT is the treatment of choice for patients with LMM and/or IIIAS+ Hodgkin disease. Cancer 1992; 70:693–703.
Integrating experimentation and quantitative modeling to enhance discovery of Beta amyloid lowering therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.

Drug discovery can benefit from a proactive-knowledge-attainment philosophy which strategically integrates experimentation and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling. Our programs for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) illustrate such an approach. Compounds that inhibit the generation of brain beta amyloid (Aβ), especially Aβ42, are being pursued as potential disease-modifying therapeutics. Complexities in the PK/Aβ relationship for these compounds have been observed and the data require an advanced approach for analysis. We established a semimechanistic PK/PD model that can describe the PK/Aβ data by accounting for Aβ generation and clearance. The modeling characterizes the in vivo PD (i.e., Aβ lowering) properties of compounds and generates insights about the salient biological systems. The learning from the modeling enables us to establish a framework for predicting in vivo Aβ lowering from in vitro parameters.
Visiting the Doctor: Children's Knowledge and Memory.

In order to examine within-domain variations in children's knowledge of the events or materials to be remembered and corresponding differences in recall, a new procedure for studying the knowledge-memory linkage is introduced. To illustrate this approach, a sample of 5-year-olds was interviewed about their understanding of routine, pediatric examinations and the resulting normative data were related to the recall scores of other children who had participated in a study of memory for visits to the doctor. By calculating the proportion of children who nominated each feature of the physical examination (e.g., heart check, urine sample) in response to open-ended questions about what usually happens during a checkup, it was possible to compute “knowledge scores” for each component of the examination. Comparable “memory scores” for the examination features were obtained by reanalyzing previously obtained data of 3-, 5-, and 7-year-olds' immediate and delayed retention of specific well-child office visits. Correlations among knowledge scores and memory scores for the 5-year-olds were significant and increased somewhat as a function of length of the delay interval. For the 3- and 7-year-olds, the correlations between knowledge and memory were significant with one exception; however, these correlations were of a smaller magnitude and did not increase as a function of delay interval.
The LMP antigens: A stable MHC-controlled multisubunit protein complex

Abstract In addition to encoding the well-known class I (H-2), II (Ia), and III (complement components C2, C4, and factor B) antigens, the murine MHC controls the exp ression of a large, intracellular protein complex of unknown function. This complex is composed of a large number of noncovalently linked low molecular weight polypeptide subunits (hence the name, LMP) which are biochemically, serologically, and genetically distinct from class I, II, and III antigens. Only two of these subunits display electrophoretic polymorphism within the standard inbred mouse strains, and both of these polymorphisms map within the H-2 complex, between the H-2K and I-A subregions. The remainder of the LMP complex subunits have not been mapped, and may be encoded elsewhere in the genome. A biochemically similar complex has been detected in human cells, although linkage to HLA remains to be established. In this article we will review the biochemistry, serology, and genetics of the LMP antigens, and will speculate on their biological function.
Postprandial triglyceride and free fatty acid metabolism in obese women after either endurance or resistance exercise

We investigated the effects of two exercise modalities on postprandial triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism. Sedentary, obese women were studied on three occasions in randomized o...
Gas entrainment in an evaporating spray jet

Gas entrainment induced by a spray jet can be significantly affected by the spray evaporation rate. In this study, we have directly measured the air entrainment induced by a liquid nitrogen spray jet into an unbounded and stagnant room air. It is realized that the air entrainment is proportional to the axial gradient of oxygen mass flow in a pure nitrogen spray jet. Hence, the air entrainment can be determined by a combined measurement of local cross-sectional distributions of oxygen concentration, gas temperature and gas velocity along the jet path. These measurements are directly obtained using an in situ oxygen concentration analyzer, a thermocouple system, and a Laser Doppler Velocimeter. In order to evaluate the effect of evaporation rate, direct measurements and numerical simulations of the air entrainment by a cold gaseous jet of nitrogen (at a temperature slightly above that of liquid nitrogen) into room air are also performed. Measurements of the entrainment rate and flow similarity of the gaseous jets without droplets compared very well against those from the single-phase jet theories and numerical simulation, which validates our experimental approach and analysis method. Our experimental results indicate rough flow similarities exist in evaporating spray jets with round nozzles. Although the air entrainment by the liquid nitrogen spray is found significantly increased, as compared to that by the cold gaseous jet of nitrogen from the same nozzle and at the same jetting velocity, the increased ratio is far less than the equivalent momentum ratio of the liquid nitrogen spray to the gas nitrogen jet. This experimental finding suggests that the evaporation of spray markedly weakens the gas entrainment. In this study, a parametric model is also developed to provide a theoretical basis of the data analysis for the cross-section averaged spray evaporation rate within the spray jet region.
P‐151: Low‐Voltage, High‐Efficiency Blue Phosphorescent OLED Using Double Emission Layers

Employing double emission layers (DELs) into blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PHOLED), the device shows improved current efficiency by a factor of 1.8 compared to that of device using single emission layer (SEL). Furthermore, by doping additional carrier-transporting material into DELs, the device shows a slight efficiency roll-off of 24% from low (1 mA/cm2 and 400 cd/m2) to high current density (40 mA/cm2 and 10000 cd/m2). The dramatic improvement in device performances can be attributed to the formation of a broader carrier recombination zone and the elimination of carrier accumulation at interface. A blue PHOLED with a current efficiency of 29.5 cd/A, a power efficiency of 21 lm/W and a low driving voltage of 4.4 V with a CIEx,y of (0.16, 0.35) at a practical brightness of 1000 cd/m2 can be achieved.
Quantitation of CMV by real‐time PCR in transfusable RBC units

BACKGROUND: CMV is one of the most significant pathogens infecting immunocompromised individuals. CMV is transmissible through transfusion of blood components. The goal of this study was to measure CMV levels in RBC units using a sensitive and quantitative DNA amplification assay. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: An assay to measure CMV load was developed by using real-time PCR to target the major immediate early viral gene. A probe (TaqMan, Applied Biosystems) was used to confirm product specificity and to permit quantitation of CMV in blood samples on a sequence detection system (ABI Prism 7700, Applied Biosystems). RESULTS: The assay was shown to be accurate, linear, and sensitive to as few as five copies of CMV DNA per PCR. The assay was applied to aliquots of RBC units from 203 healthy donors, 110 of whom were seropositive for CMV. CMV DNA was not detected in any of the 203 RBC samples. CONCLUSION: The findings statistically imply that at least 98.5 percent of RBC units have a CMV load of less than 250 copies per mL. Future clinical studies on larger numbers of units are required to determine the utility of real-time PCR in evaluating the risk of CMV transmission and in confirming the efficacy of WBC reduction.
Doing and refraining from refraining

The main purpose of this paper is to prove that in everystit semantic structure that contains a busy choice sequence, neither does doing imply refraining from refraining from doing, nor does refraining from refraining from doing imply doing.
Love Me Do: 50 Songs that Shaped the Beatles/Beatles Beginnings, Vol. 3: Silver Beatles/The Hamburg List: Original Versions of the Beatles' Star Club Set/Beatles Beginnings, Vol. 2: Quarrymen Two: Rock ‘N’ Roll/Beatles Beginnings, Vol. 1: Quarrymen One: Skiffle-Country-Western

Various Artists 2012, 2 CDs, Fantastic Voyage 136 Various Artists 2011, CD, Rhythm and Blues 007 Various Artists 2010, CD, Righteous 23:3 Various Artists 2010, CD, Rhythm and Blues 006 Various Arti...
Experience with an expert system for automated HAZOP analysis

Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) analysis is the most widely used and recognized as the preferred safety analysis approach in the chemical process industry. A model-based framework and an expert system called HAZOPExpert has been developed recently for automating this analysis. The performance of HAZOPExpert was evaluated on a sour water stripper plant and a hydrotreator plant case studies. The expert system was found to successfully emulate the human experts reasoning and identify the hazards similar to the HAZOP team. But, it generated a large number of unrealizable hazardous consequences compared to the team, due to the strict qualitative reasoning approach implemented. In order to filter and rank the results from HAZOPExpert using additional quantitative knowledge similar to the team, a semi-quantitative reasoning methodology is developed using the quantitative design and operating specifications of the process units, and process material property values. Significant reduction in the number of consequences was obtained using this approach on an ethylene plant case study.
Mammographic image classification using histogram intersection

In this paper we propose using histogram intersection for mammographic image classification. First, we use the bag-of-words model for image representation, which captures the texture information by collecting local patch statistics. Then, we propose using normalized histogram intersection (HI) as a similarity measure with the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. Furthermore, by taking advantage of the fact that HI forms a Mercer kernel, we combine HI with support vector machines (SVM), which further improves the classification performance. The proposed methods are evaluated on a galactographic dataset and are compared with several previously used methods. In a thorough evaluation containing about 288 different experimental configurations, the proposed methods demonstrate promising results.
Air-stable full-visible-spectrum emission from silicon nanocrystals synthesized by an all-gas-phase plasma approach.

A novel dual-plasma system has been developed to combine the synthesis of silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs), the etching to controllably tailor the Si-NC size, and the surface functionalization of Si-NCs into one simple all-gas-phase process. Si-NCs are synthesized in SiH4-based plasma; they then travel through CF4-based plasma, where Si-NCs are etched and passivated by C and F. The resulting Si-NCs exhibit air-stable emission across the full visible spectrum. Structural and optical characterization indicates that the emission in the red-to-green range is based on the recombination of quantum-confined excitons in Si-NCs, while the blue emission originates from defect states. The quantum yields of stabilized photoluminescence from Si-NCs range from 16% at the red end to 1% at the blue end.
Minor elements in Keweenawan lavas, Michigan

Abstract The distribution of minor elements in three basaltic flows of the Keweenawan series, of Michigan, is related to differentiation in the flows. Thus, nickel is most abundant in the early differentiates; nickel, chromium, and barium are generally deficient in the pegmatites, which formed late; whereas copper, vanadium, yttrium, and other minor elements are concentrated in the pegmatites. The minor-element content of individual minerals in the Greenstone flow varies markedly from one mineral to another and seems to depend primarily on the presence or absence in the minerals of major elements for which the minor elements can substitute. Minor elements have substituted most readily for those major elements with similar ionic radii. Valence and electronegativity also seem to influence the ease of substitution. The distribution of other minor elements in copper-bearing lodes of the Michigan copper district shows no apparent relation to copper mineralization.
The ability of the intracerebral exposure to progesterone on consecutive days to facilitate lordosis behavior: an interaction between progesterone and estrogen.

The effect of the repeated exposure of the mesencephalic reticular f ormation (MRF) or caudate-putamen (CPU) to progesterone (P) on lordosis behavior was studied in ovariectomized rats that had been implanted with estradiol benzoate (EB) in the preoptic diagonal band area (POA) 3 days earlier. Lordosis behavior was facilitated when the MRF or CPU were exposed to P implants whereas similar cholesterol (C) implants had no effect. 24 hours after the removal of P and C the reintroduction of P into the MRF or CPU facilitated the lordosis response only in animals previously exposed to C. The application of P for a 2nd time 24 hours after exposure of the MRF or CPU to EB or C promoted the lordosis response in animals previously receiving EB in the MRF but not those receiving EB in the CPU. The results indicate that ovariectomized rats exposed to EB in the POA responded differently to the 2nd application of P to the MRF or CPU. However when EB was directly applied to the MRF but not to the CPU the ability of P to facilitate lordosis behavior was restored.