cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New Species of Mesidia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from California

Mesidia nigra is described as a new species. Specimens were reared from the aphid Iziphya punctata Hille Ris Lambers infesting Carex subfusca in southern California. M. nigra is predominantly black. In this respect it differs from the other 3 known species in the genus which are yellow. Morphological differences occur also in the relative lengths of antennal segments and in wing cilia.
Adaptive Impact-Driven Detection of Silent Data Corruption for HPC Applications

For exascale HPC applications, silent data corruption (SDC) is one of the most dangerous problems because there is no indication that there are errors during the execution. We propose an adaptive impact-driven method that can detect SDCs dynamically. The key contributions are threefold. (1) We carefully characterize 18 HPC applications/benchmarks and discuss the runtime data features, as well as the impact of the SDCs on their execution results. (2) We propose an impact-driven detection model that does not blindly improve the prediction accuracy, but instead detects only influential SDCs to guarantee user-acceptable execution results. (3) Our solution can adapt to dynamic prediction errors based on local runtime data and can automatically tune detection ranges for guaranteeing low false alarms. Experiments show that our detector can detect 80-99.99 percent of SDCs with a false alarm rate less that 1 percent of iterations for most cases. The memory cost and detection overhead are reduced to 15 and 6.3 percent, respectively, for a large majority of applications.
45 A HIGHLY SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC SYSTEM FOR LARGE-SCALE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING.

Gene expression profiling of very few or even single cells is of particular interest in many applications, including molecular diagnosis. However, detection of a large number of mRNA sequences from a small number of cells is limited by the sensitivity of available methods. High-throughput multiplex reverse transcription followed by PCR amplification (RT-PCR) has much to offer these studies owing to its inherent sensitivity, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. A multiplex RT-PCR-based high-throughput gene profiling system is described in this communication. With this system, a breast cancer-specific microarray is developed. More than 1,000 different mRNA species can be amplified in a single tube to a detectable amount. By using specially designed PCR primers, the long-standing low-specificity problem associated with high-throughput gene expression profiling has been solved. Amplified sequences are then resolved by microarray with probes that only hybridize to sequences amplified from mRNA. The method is so sensitive that mRNA in single cells can be reliably detected. Differentially expressed genes identified with the high-throughput approach in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and its drug-resistant variant MCF-7/AdrR could be validated by a different method. The approach may greatly facilitate the analysis of combinatorial expression of known genes in many important applications with a limited amount of RNA, such as molecular diagnosis of cancer patient with samples of fine-needle aspiration prior to surgery.
Organization of the provisional fibronectin matrix: control by products of blood coagulation.

Assembly of fibronectin into the provisional fibrillar matrix of embryonic tissues and wounds is a complicated process by which the intracellular cytoskeleton determines the pattern of assembly of extracellular matrix and vice versa. Assembly is restricted to dimeric fibronectin molecules with intact N-terminal modules and occurs at specialized cell surface sites. Cellular display of assembly sites is labile and requires that cells be under tension and have functional β 1 integrins. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) an intermediate for de novo lipid biosynthesis and a product of platelet activation, is a powerful serum modulator of fibronectin assembly.
Cell biophysics: How to eat on the go

Dendritic cells use components of their cytoskeleton to both move and ingest pieces of infected cells. This competition for protein resources can give rise to a complex set of states that may be understood with an advection–diffusion model.
Mineralogy and chemistry of San Carlos high-alkali basalts: Analyses of alteration with application for Mars exploration

The discovery of Fe, Mg, and Al phyllosilicates on Mars using visible and short-wave infrared (VSWIR) spectroscopy from orbit indicates aqueous alteration of basaltic rocks. Analyses at Gusev Crater by the Spirit rover and Gale Crater by the Curiosity rover have discovered alkaline basaltic rocks. In this work, multiple methods—VSWIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and chemical analyses—were used to study a suite of alkaline basalts from San Carlos, Arizona, which have been altered by water in an oxidative, semi-arid environment. As an analog for the weathering of alkaline basaltic rocks on Mars, a suite of rocks visually identified to have different degrees of alteration were characterized to understand the spectral, mineralogical, and chemical trends in alteration as sensed by multiple techniques. Samples with strong 1.9 μm H_2O-related absorptions in VSWIR commonly exhibited absorption bands at 1.4, 2.2, and/or 2.3 μm, indicating the presence of clay minerals or silica as well as features at 0.5–0.9 μm indicative of ferric iron oxides. Primary mineralogy for all samples, as determined by point analyses with the microprobe and XRD, consisted of olivine, plagioclase, nepheline, augite, and titanomagnetite. Compositional imaging and spot analyses with the microprobe revealed distinct alteration textures and phases, suggesting weathering pathways involving the oxidation of iron in olivine and primary Fe^(2+) oxides to form Fe^(3+) oxides as well as the formation of aluminum phyllosilicates and magnesium phyllosilicates from feldspars and olivines, respectively, while pyroxene remained relatively unaltered. Bivariate plots of major oxides both from bulk-chemical analysis and microprobe measurements also revealed trends in alkali and silica depletion and calcium enrichment, but there was little chemical fractionation in most of the major oxides. The strength of the 1.9 μm H_2O absorption, loss on ignition, and depletion in silica and sodium, correlated with increasing alteration. The data sets provide an analog for understanding possible weathering pathways in martian alkaline basalts and thresholds for the detection of aqueous alteration in multiple data sets.
Travioli: a dynamic analysis for detecting data-structure traversals

Traversal is one of the most fundamental operations on data structures, in which an algorithm systematically visits some or all of the data items of a data structure. We propose a dynamic analysis technique, called Travioli, for detecting data-structure traversals. We introduce the concept of acyclic execution contexts, which enables precise detection of traversals of arrays and linked data structures such as lists and trees in the presence of both loops and recursion. We describe how the information reported by Travioli can be used for visualizing data-structure traversals, manually generating performance regression tests, and for discovering performance bugs caused by redundant traversals. We evaluate Travioli on five real-world JavaScript programs. In our experiments, Travioli produced fewer than 4% false positives. We were able to construct performance tests for 93.75% of the reported true traversals. Travioli also found two asymptotic performance bugs in widely used JavaScript frameworks D3 and express.
The Problem Is Not Learning: Facilitated Acquisition of Stimulus Equivalence Classes among Low-Achieving College Students.

The present study examines whether facilitated acquisition occurs in contexts when 1 stimulus in a class is emotionally evocative and the other stimuli are arbitrary or neutral. Undergraduates with high and low grade-point averages (GPA) completed a matching-to-sample task that resulted in the formation of 3 stimulus equivalence classes. Each class contained 2 arbitrary stimuli and 1 nonarbitrary stimulus. The nonarbitrary stimulus was either emotionally evocative (academic failure words) or emotionally neutral. Results indicated facilitated acquisition of the academic failure class among low-GPA college students. Findings suggest that stimuli that were once neutral may become associated with emo
Ureterocele and Pseudoureterocele: Cobra Versus Cancer

AbstractThe cobra-shaped distal ureter is not pathognomonic of a ureterocele. It may be seen with incomplete distal ureteral obstruction owing to tumor or calculus. The appearance of the wall surrounding the dilated distal ureteral segment is a more important finding to differentiate a ureterocele and a pseudoureterocele. The wall of a ureterocele is thin, while the lucency surrounding a pseudoureterocele is thicker and poorly defined.
Dwelling dynamics in consumption encampments: Tailgating as emplaced brand community

Tailgating is an institutionalized form of public revelry and emplacement of brand community that occurs within the context of a consumption encampment. In this ethnographic investigation of tailgating in an American collegiate football setting, we explore the dwelling practices of stakeholders involved in the event. In the duration of a tailgate, a city is raised, and ultimately razed. Over the course of a day, a nomadic brand community encampment arises, replete with ersatz homes, a grid of streets with ingenious address coordinates, playing fields, and channels of information exchange. By examining the process of dwelling, we unpack the mechanics of the space-to-place transformation that characterizes consumption encampments. We analyze the role of three architectonic pillars of tailgating—chorography, conviviality, and community—in the emplacement of brand community and theorize the spatial essence of the collegiate brand.
The financier who bought all of nature

Kemp features Lionel Walter Rothschild, a useless banker who spent a mountain of cash creating an unparalleled natural history collection--then blew it spectacularly. Rothschild collected biological specimens from far and wide in an era when exotic travel was a difficult, costly and dangerous job; one the timid baron was happy to outsource. For 40 years, Rothschild ran his natural history empire from Tring. The museum and his mistresses had taken a huge toll on his finances, and his extended family was in no mood to bail him out. So he decided to sell his most valuable asset--his superlatively stocked, irreplaceable collection of bird skins--to the American Museum of Natural History in New York
Delayed Tibioperoneal Trunk Aneurysm after Atherectomy and Balloon Angioplasty.

True infrapopliteal aneurysms occur very rarely; the majority of reported cases are secondary to trauma or infection. We report the development of a tibioperoneal trunk aneurysm 6 months after atherectomy and angioplasty and describe subsequent open surgical repair via a great saphenous vein bypass graft.
Diagnosing University student subject proficiency and predicting degree completion in vector space

We investigate the issues of undergraduate on-time graduation with respect to subject proficiencies through the lens of representation learning, training a student vector embeddings from a dataset of 8 years of course enrollments. We compare the per-semester student representations of a cohort of undergraduate Integrative Biology majors to those of graduated students in subject areas involved in their degree requirements. The result is an embedding rich in information about the relationships between majors and pathways taken by students which encoded enough information to improve prediction accuracy of on-time graduation to 95%, up from a baseline of 87.3%. Challenges to preparation of the data for student vectorization and sourcing of validation sets for optimization are discussed.
Commentaries and Notes to the Apologia of a Madman

I Corinthians 13:4–7: “Charity is patient; charity does not envy, is not pretentious, is not puffed up, is not ambitious, is not self-seeking, is not provoked; thinks no evil, does not rejoice over wickedness, but rejoices with the truth; bears all things, believes all things, endures all things.”
Poster 106: Postlumbar surgery complex regional pain syndrome: a case report.1

Abstract Setting: Tertiary care spine center. Patient: A 65-year-old man. Case Description: A sacroiliac fusion was undertaken due to chronic back pain that was temporarily relieved with percutaneous injections to the joint space and lower lumbar facets. This case report presents a complication not previously described for sacroiliac fusion surgery. The patient underwent a left sacroiliac arthrodesis for continued lumbosacral pain. The successful surgery with allograph had no intraoperative complications. The patient remained in the hospital postoperatively for 4 days with no complications. 4 to 6 weeks postoperative, the patient began to experience swelling and pain in the ipsilateral foot. The pain progressed with evidence of allodynia, hyperesthesia, and dystrophic changes in the foot. A diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type 2 (causalgia) was made with the aid of a bone scan. Assessment/Results: A series of 2 diagnostic percutaneous chemical sympathectomies were undertaken, and the pain was significantly relieved. This suggested CRPS type 2 with sympathetically maintained pain. The patient underwent aggressive physical therapy during his rehabilitation and subsequent resolution of the pain syndrome occurred. Discussion: This is an unusual complication associated with anterior sacroiliac fusion with local bone graft surgery. Complications including nerve compromise are more commonly seen. The presence of CRPS indicates that other central nervous system factors may be involved in the pathology of this disease. Conclusions: CRPS type 2 with sympathetically maintained pain is a condition that can result in serious disability and can be associated with spinal procedures and sacroiliac arthrodesis. Early intervention is recommended to provide long-term resolution of the condition.
Results and Complications of Inguinal Hernia Repair

Advances in anatomic understanding, operative technique, and prosthetic materials have made inguinal hernia repair a routine operation with excellent overall outcomes. However, serious and life-altering complications, such as chronic postoperative inguinal pain, can happen to patients. The potential for recurrence, infection, chronic postoperative inguinal pain, mesh-related complications, fertility issues, and serious vascular injuries should be recognized and disclosed. All general surgeons must have a solid grasp of the risks, benefits, and alternative operations and management associated with repairing a hernia.
. MOOD MANAGEMENT: USING ENTERTAINMENT TO FULL ADVANTAGE

This chapter presents a theory of stimulus arrangement that projects, among other things, that individuals consume media entertainment purposively in efforts to manage moods. More specifically, the theory posits that individuals are capable of choosing materials for exposure that modify and regulate affective experiences and mood states in desirable ways, and that these individuals frequently and habitually make choices that actually serve the specified ends. The mechanics of the proposed purposive behavior are discussed in some detail. This discussion is followed by a brief summary of research showing that exposure to a variety of entertaining messages impacts affect and mood in a consistent and therefore predictable manner. Focus is on isolating some of the principal variables that mediate this impact. Thereafter, recent research evidence is aggregated to support the initially developed theoretical proposals that project mood management via specific message choices.
Too much of a good thing: decision-making in cases with infinitely many utility contributions

Theories that use expected utility maximization to evaluate acts have difficulty handling cases with infinitely many utility contributions. In this paper I present and motivate a way of modifying such theories to deal with these cases, employing what I call “Direct Difference Taking”. This proposal has a number of desirable features: it’s natural and well-motivated, it satisfies natural dominance intuitions, and it yields plausible prescriptions in a wide range of cases. I then compare my account to the most plausible alternative, a proposal offered by Arntzenius (Philos Perspect 28(1):31–58, 2014). I argue that while Arntzenius’s proposal has many attractive features, it runs into a number of problems which Direct Difference Taking avoids.
Spatiotemporal evolution, mineralogical composition, and transport mechanisms of long-runout landslides in Valles Marineris, Mars

Abstract Long-runout landslides with transport distances of >50 km are ubiquitous in Valles Marineris (VM), yet the transport mechanisms remain poorly understood. Four decades of studies reveal significant variation in landslide morphology and emplacement age, but how these variations are related to landslide transport mechanisms is not clear. In this study, we address this question by conducting systematic geological mapping and compositional analysis of VM long-runout landslides using high-resolution Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter imagery and spectral data. Our work shows that: (1) a two-zone morphological division (i.e., an inner zone characterized by rotated blocks and an outer zone expressed by a thin sheet with a nearly flat surface) characterizes all major VM landslides; (2) landslide mobility is broadly dependent on landslide mass; and (3) the maximum width of the outer zone and its transport distance are inversely related to the basal friction that was estimated from the surface slope angle of the outer zone. Our comprehensive Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) compositional analysis indicates that hydrated silicates are common in landslide outer zones and nearby trough-floor deposits. Furthermore, outer zones containing hydrated minerals are sometimes associated with longer runout and increased lateral spreading compared to those without detectable hydrated minerals. Finally, with one exception we find that hydrated minerals are absent in the inner zones of the investigated VM landslides. These results as whole suggest that hydrated minerals may have contributed to the magnitude of lateral spreading and long-distance forward transport of major VM landslides.
Timing of milk expression following delivery in mothers delivering preterm very low birth weight infants: a randomized trial.

To determine the effect of timing of expression initiation on mother’s own milk production and time to secretory activation in mothers of preterm infants. 180 mothers delivering infants ≤1500 grams and ≤32 weeks gestation were randomized to begin expression within 60 (early), 61–180 (intermediate) or 181–360 (late) minutes following delivery. Milk volume was measured on days 1–7 and weekly for 6 weeks. Time to secretory activation was determined through self-report. The late group produced more milk than the early group in the first 3 days (p = 0.015–0.031) and over 6 weeks (p = 0.045). The late group had more expressions on day 1 (early: p = 0.049; intermediate; p = 0.048). Initiation of expression at 181–360 min following delivery was associated with increased milk production for 6 weeks following delivery. Further research is needed to determine the effect of expression frequency on milk production in the first days following birth.
Bengston, J. (2019). Library Web Development: Beyond Tips and Tricks: Chicago: ALA Editions, 2019, 144 pp., $69.99, ISBN: 978-0-8389-1830-2

Many current books on website development consist largely of manuals on scripting language best practices or guides to better user interface design. Unfortunately, there are too few publications th...
Tangled pasts, healthier futures: Nursing strategies to improve American Indian/Alaska Native health equity

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations in the United States continue to experience overall health inequity, despite significant improvement in health status for nearly all other racial-ethnic groups over the past 30 years. Nurses comprise the bulk of healthcare providers in the U.S. and are in an optimal position to improve AI/AN health by transforming both nursing education and practice. This potential is dependent, however, on nurses' ability to recognize the distinct historical and political conditions through which AI/AN health inequities have been produced and sustained. Nurse providers, educators, and leaders must in turn recognize how the sustained conditions of marginalization and expropriation that underpin current AI/AN health inequities continue to shape contemporary AI/AN health outcomes. This manuscript builds upon the extant literature of AI/AN historical health policy and utilizes decolonial theorizations of nursing and a cultural safety framework to propose a series of immediately actionable steps for nursing intervention into AI/AN health inequity. Ultimately, we suggest that it is crucial for nurses to collaborate with AI/AN individuals and communities across educational and clinical settings to further refine these approaches in alignment with the disciplinary obligation of promoting social justice within healthcare.
Some Techniques of Radioactive Gas Chromatography for Lipid Research

By definition, lipids are “high boilers,”—and thereby hangs a tale. Historically, the story begins with the fact that when gas chromatographic (GLC) techniques were developed for petroleum products they could not be transferred directly to lipid problems. For example, materials used for the construction of insulators which were suitable for hydrocarbons at 100°C, melted at 250°C; problems of condensation in gas-stream conduction tubes, which are inconsequential in the low-temperature ranges, become critical for high-boiling compounds; and adsorption effects unnoticed at low temperatures are of limited applicability for low-vapor-pressure materials. Necessary modifications in GLC techniques have now been developed to meet the problem encountered with high-boiling, radioactive lipid compounds. Particular emphasis will be given to tandem monitoring of GLC for radioactivity.
Novel two-dimensional materials for electronics: computational modelling as a tool to enable the use of phosphorene in real applications

Two-dimensional and layered materials, such as graphene, have emerged in recent years for their potential use in several applications in technology, for example in electronics, bioelectronics, optoelectronics and related fields. Phosphorene, which can be considered as an analogous of graphene made of phosphorus atoms, is a relatively new two-dimensional system with peculiar structural, electronic, and mechanical properties. Despite the remarkable potential for applications, phosphorene suffers from severe limitations, hampering its use in practical uses. For example, phosphorene undergoes severe degradation phenomena in ordinary environments, leading to a very limited stability. Phosphorene is therefore very difficult to handle in real applications. In this paper, we briefly outline the concepts behind the application of predictive computational approaches to complex systems based on phosphorene, leading to the definition of practical strategies that can be applied to the development of stable, high-performance devices for electronics.
Triple Role Overload: Working, Parenting, and Navigating Public Benefits:

Much has been written about work–family conflict for professional women, while little attention has focused on poor working mothers. Stuck in low-wage jobs, millions of working mothers rely on publ...
Unsettling the “Jewish Question” from the Margins of Europe: Spanish Liberalism and Sepharad

This chapter demonstrates the centrality of “Sepharad” to Spanish liberals and their Jewish interlocutors in debates over religious tolerance, from the end of the Enlightenment through the early twentieth century. Such an examination illustrates how a case considered marginal might illuminate the dynamics of better known examples of the so-called “Jewish Question” in modern Europe, just as it undermines existing assumptions about the place of Jews in debates about race, hybridity and nationhood. By illustrating how the exceptional might be considered paradigmatic, the chapter highlights the surprising centrality of Spain in our study of Jewish modernity, as well as in the construction of religious and liberal political geographies in modern Europe.
Anatomic and Functional Determinants of Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Background: It is not well understood why some patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) develop significant atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR). We sought to investigate the mechanistic det...
Dealing with Uncertainty in Risk Regulation

The uncertainties in risk analysis are inevitable and cannot be reduced to zero. They arise from the incompleteness of the system modeling, the simplification of sub-system interactions, database errors, the variety of failure initiators, the range of failure consequences, and the prediction of public and individual exposures and doses. The composite uncertainty in the quantification of a single risk makes choosing regulatory criteria difficult. However, alternative systems for providing a specific end function generally have similar types and magnitudes of uncertainty, and a comparison of their mean values of quantitative public risk may disclose their relative risks adequately for regulatory purposes.
Using visual plate waste measurement to assess school lunch food behavior

The visual method could be readily used to determine any sex differences in food choice. In general, girls wasted more food than boys.
A model of the stubble replacement decision for Florida sugarcane growers.

Sugarcane has been cultivated since at least 8000 B.C. (Barnes, p. 2) and today is grown throughout the world's tropical and subtropical regions. In Florida, sugarcane has been produced commercially since 1920 (Zepp). Before 1960, however, Florida sugar production was not significant; only three mills were in operation. With the ban on importation of Cuban sugar and the lifting of domestic sugarcane acreage restrictions in 1960, the industry grew rapidly. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Design of 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS test chip for package models and I/O characteristics verification

Reliable packages for modern chips are crucial for satisfactory system performance. Once the package is designed for the chip, in order to ascertain its performance, its equivalent electrical model is plugged into simulation decks and its performance characteristics analyzed. However, one implicit assumption designers make is that these equivalent electrical models are accurate for performance characterization of packages. Verification of the accuracy of these models is an objective of this design. Secondly, signal integrity for inter-chip communication is crucial from a systems perspective. To study the signal integrity of data under different PVT conditions, appropriate test structures are needed. Data can be subjected to controlled variations through these structures and its integrity studied. Design of such test structures to subject data to controlled variations have been proposed in this design. Thirdly, testing package reliability at high temperatures is important since on-chip temperatures are increasing dramatically as processes continue to scale. Modelling on-chip temperatures and studying thermal integrity of packages is a goal with this test chip. By analyzing the power supply droop on the test chip under different switching conditions and comparing it with the simulated data, the accuracy of package models can be verified. Furthermore, I/O cells on the chip have been custom designed to test signal integrity across the package and the transmission lines on the board. Additionally, the test chip has daisy chain structures that help analyze thermomechanical properties of the package under non-uniform distribution of heat across the die.
A simple microtiter plate screening assay for bacterial invasion or adherence

Many bacteriologic studies, including cellular invasion and adherence assays, require enumeration of viable organisms or colony forming units. When attempting to screen large numbers of clinical or environmental isolates or laboratory-derived mutants for differences in invasion or adherence phenotype, standard plating methods can be cumbersome and severely limit the number of organisms or conditions which can be tested. As a potential alternative, we describe a simple, rapid and inexpensive soft agar-based technique for semi-quantitative determination of bacterial colony counts directly within the wells of a 96-well microtiter plate.
Recovery of Poliovirus from Turbid Estuarine Water on Microporous Filters by the Use of Celite

The application of a new step for recovering poliovirus from moderately to highly turbid estuarine water by the filter virus-adsorption technique was investigated. The experiments were conducted under both (i) laboratory-based conditions (200-ml volumes) where the turbidity was controlled and (ii) simulated field conditions (15- to 100-gal volumes) where the turbidity varied depending upon the hydrology of the raw estuarine water. The new step consisted of adding Celite to the turbid water prior to sampling for virus. In the experiments, the pH of the water was first adjusted to 3.5 and then AlCl(3) was added to 0.0005 M. Celite was added to a concentration of 0.01% and mixed thoroughly. Either an HE Cox M-780 microfilter (Cox Instrument, Div. of Lynch Corp., Detroit, Mich.) or an MF-membrane filter (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass.) was used as the virus adsorbent. Virus was eluted from the Celite-filter complex in situ at pH 9 with 5x nutrient broth. In the laboratory-based experiments, when turbidity ranged from 5.0 to 30.0 Jackson turbidity units (JTU), virus recovery ranged from 66 to 89%. In the simulated field experiments, when the turbidity ranged from 8.5 to 80.0 JTU, virus recovery ranged from <1 to 74%, depending upon the multiplicity of virus input and the level of turbidity. The new step greatly improved the filtration-flux of turbid water and significantly reduced the premature clogging problem usually observed with microporous filters.
The Stellar Content of Spiral Arms

I will discuss the spiral arms of our Galaxy as indicated by the Wolf-Rayet star population and their connection to GMCs, the sizes and shapes of some nearby associations in the northern Milky Way, and the slope of the IMF for Cyg OB2 and several regions of the Magellanic Clouds.
The Judgment of Vowel Quality

Dialectology suffers from a lack of rigorously controlled techniques for recording vowel qualities. Instrumental investigation is often impracticable for the dialectologist An aural-imitative technique is here described, based on the cardinal vowel system. The degree of consistency achieved using this technique in a dialectological study is shown to compare favourably with that found in studies of the efficacy of the cardinal vowel system per se. No other dialectological study is known to have made such statistical observations on the reliability of its own statements about vowel quality. The value of two-dimensional vowel charts is also discussed.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been available for more than a decade for clinical use to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure (CHI). An intravenous agent, enalaprilat, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in hypertension, and ten oral agents—benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, moexipril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, and trandolapril—are approved and available in the United States. Spirapril has also been approved by the FDA for the treatment of hypertension; however, this agent has not been marketed by the pharmaceutical industry at press time. All ACE Inhibitors are similar in their effects, differing principally in their pharmacokinetics and approved indications.
Polarimetric localization: A new tool for calculating the CME speed and direction of propagation in near‐real time

[1] The polarimetric localization technique uses the percent polarization observed by a single coronagraph to obtain a three-dimensional reconstruction of a coronal mass ejection (CME). We use this technique to analyze STEREO/SECCHI/COR2 beacon data for 12 different events at spacecraft separations ranging from 9° to 127°. To determine if the technique is efficacious, we compare the three-dimensional location and velocity, including speed and direction, computed by polarimetric localization to the same quantities computed by geometric localization. The geometric localization technique utilizes a series of lines of sight from two space-based coronagraphs to determine gross propagation characteristics of CMEs in three-dimensional space. In particular, we present a detailed comparison of the techniques for two events: the first example is from very early on in the mission, on 23 May 2007, when the spacecraft separation was only 9.2°, and the second event is from 12 December 2008, when the spacecraft were almost in quadrature. We find that the two techniques yield comparable CME velocities; furthermore, both are straightforward to apply and they can be used in near-real time. In conclusion, we believe that these techniques promise a substantial improvement in our capability to locate and characterize CMEs for forecasting, as well as research purposes.
HIV Risk Perceptions among African American Young Women: Factors Affecting Accuracy

The study identified factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk perception among 283 African American young adult females attending family planning clinics. This included partner communication, a forced sex experience, social support, self-efficacy, and risk behaviors. Relative to adolescents who perceived themselves to be at low/high risk for HIV, adolescents with medium HIV risk had the highest number of lifetime and recent sexual partners, were significantly less comfortable in communicating with partners about sexual issues, and reported low sex and condom self-efficacy. Additionally, the medium group had the highest proportion of participants who reported a forced sex experience. The findings suggest that a forced sex experience may affect females’ ability to accurately assess sexual risk. Screening for trauma and helping adolescents accurately appraise their HIV risk is essential for risk reduction.
Hereditary Multiple Exostoses in the Hands and Fingers: Early Presentation and Early Surgical Treatment in Family Members. Case Reports:

Hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) is a benign condition with multiple bony tumors with cartilage caps (osteochondromas), mainly presenting in the long and flat bones. Usually the presentation for HME is between 2 and 10 years of age and most are seen by 4 years of age (Khan et al. 2009). In this paper, we report a family with three members (father, son, and a daughter) who had very early presentations of HME in the fingers within the first 2 years of age. The son presented with bony nodules at 7 months of age, and he required surgery at 13 months of age for a severe functional deformity of his left ring finger. He also had an unusual histological presentation on his osteochondroma that consists of only subperiosteal cartilage without ossification.
In-vivo and in-vitro studies of the development of the avian secondary palate

Abstract The morphological characteristics of the epithelium of the chick-embryo palatal processes determined by light-, transmission- and scanning-electron microscopy demonstrated not only the proximity of the palatal processes during their development but also their failure to fuse, and the absence of medial palatal epithelial cell degeneration. There were numerous microvilli on the surface epithelial cells, and extensive and folded lateral cell membranes. In-vitro cultured expiants confirmed the absence of fusion of palatal processes despite the close proximity of the processes and the development of epithelial bridges linking them. The explants appeared to contract and indeed striated muscle was found in them, the sum of these observations confirming the view that the cleft avian palate may close during eating and drinking.
Conversion of arachidonate to prostanoids by lung microsomes from rats fed varying amounts of vitamin E

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin E on prostaglandin (PG) synthesizing activities in the rat lung. Five groups of weanling male rats were fed for 9 wk a vitamin E deficient diet supplemented with 0, 20, 40, 200 and 400 mg-dl-α-tocopherol acetate/kg (E0, E20, E40, E200 and E400). Microsomes from lungs of each group were incubated in the presence of [1-14C]-arachidonate. Separation of metabolites was achieved by reversed phase HPLC. Six prostanoids: 6-keto-PGF1α, 6-keto-PGE1, TXB2, PGF2α, PGE and PGD2 were eluted isocratically with the solvent ystem of ace onitrile-water (pH 3.0) (34:66, V/V). Fractions of eluent were collected and the radioactivity of each fraction was determined. The predominant prostanoid synthesized by rat lung microsomes was 6-keto-PGF1α. The specific activity (pmole PG produced/mg protein/min) for the synthesis of 6-keto-PGF1α was 17.6, 29.3, 16.3, 15.3 and 21.2 for the E0, E20, E40, E200 and E400 groups, respectively.Only minor amounts of 6-keto-PGE1, TXB2, PGF2α, PGE2 and PGD2 were synthesized by rat lung microsomes. Although rats fed vitamin E at 20 mg/kg diet showed the highest enzymatic activity for the synthesis of 6-keto-PGF1 , dietary vitamin E had little overall effect on lung microsomal prostanoid biosynthesis.
Mechanism of Chlorophyll Action in Photosynthesis

THE use of tritiated water affords a sensitive means of answering at least one question about early photosynthetic events : Do any of the hydrogen atoms of the chlorophyll molecule intervene in the electron transport chain between water and oxidant ? It has already been established1 that all the hydrogen–carbon bonds of the chlorophyll molecule are sufficiently stable to prevent hydrogen exchange in neutral organic solvents in the dark; a tracer experiment is therefore feasible. At least one current school of thought maintains that the participation of hydrogen of the chlorophyll molecule in a chemical reaction is a requisite step in the electron transfer which originates in photoactivated chlorophyll2. Experiments in which Chlorella or Scenedesmus cells were illuminated in tritiated water have led us to the conclusion that some hydrogen of chlorophyll is activated during photosynthesis. A similar light-dependent and heat-sensitive activation of chlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll has been observed in a variety of cell-free preparations. The position in the chlorophyll molecule which is photochemically labilized is tentatively concluded to be C10.
Self-Referencing Ceramic-Based Multisite Microelectrodes for the Detection and Elimination of Interferences from the Measurement of l-Glutamate and Other Analytes

A self-referencing technique utilizing two microelectrodes on a ceramic-based multisite array is employed for confirmation and elimination of interferences detected by enzyme-based microelectrodes. The measurement of l-glutamate using glutamate oxidase was the test system; however, other oxidase enzymes such as glucose oxidase can be employed. One recording site was coated with Nafion with l-glutamate oxidase and bovine serum albumin (BSA) cross-linked with glutaraldehyde while the other had Nafion with BSA cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Differences in the chemistry of the two recording sites allowed for identification and elimination of interfering signals to be removed from the analyte response. The electrode showed low detection limits (LOD = 0.98 ± 0.09 μM, signal-to-noise ratio of 3), fast response times (T90 ∼1 s), and excellent linearity (R2 = 0.999 ± 0.000) over the concentration range of 0−200 μM for calibrations of l-glutamate in vitro. The selectivity and dimensions of the multisite electrod...
Pledget- and Patch-Holding Clamp: A New Instrument

A new clamp designed to facilitate the handling and placement of various shapes and sizes of cardiac patching materials is described.
Supplemental L-Arginine Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (Ascites) in Broilers

The incidence of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS; ascites) was evaluated in two experiments using broiler breeder male by-product chicks exposed after 3 wk of age to cool environmental temperatures (10 to 15 C). In Experiment 1, 3- to 6-wk-old birds were fed a grower diet to which 0 (Control), .25, .5, or 1% supplemental L-arginine HCl had been added. During Weeks 7 to 8, all groups in Experiment 1 were fed a finisher diet containing no supplemental arginine. In Experiment 2, the Control group received no supplemental arginine, a second group was fed a grower diet supplemented with 1% L-arginine HCl (Weeks 3 to 6), and a third group was fed grower and finisher diets supplemented with 1% L-arginine HCl (Weeks 3 to 8). Cumulative PHS mortality was significantly reduced by 1% L-arginine HCl on Days 34 to 46 in Experiment 1. When data from all birds fed grower or finisher diets supplemented with 1% L-arginine HCl were pooled in Experiment 2, cumulative PHS mortality was marginally lower (P = .065) than for the Control group. Supplemental L-arginine HCl had no effect on final body weights, weight gain, or feed conversion in either experiment. Neither body weight on Day 1 or 21 nor net weight gain from Days 1 to 21 determined susceptibility to PHS during the subsequent grower and finisher intervals in either experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A switched stiffness approach for structural vibration control: theory and real-time implementation

Abstract A simple semi-active structural vibration control based on switching the system equivalent stiffness between two distinct values is proposed. When the system is moving away from its equilibrium state, the stiffness of the system is set to the higher value, and when it returns to its equilibrium, it is set to the lower value. Termed here “switched stiffness”, this vibration control method leads to change in the stored potential energy, which results in reduced total energy of the system. The switched stiffness can be typically implemented using a bi-stiffness spring setting, with the resulting relay-type control logic based on the position and velocity feedback. Unavailability of velocity sensors makes it difficult to implement this simple control logic. Although, numerical differentiation of the position signal can be utilized to acquire the velocity, but intervention of noise and the resulting signal phase-lag due to the filters used may degrade the vibration suppression performance. Hence, a novel output feedback variable structure observer, robust in nature, is used to estimate the required velocity signal. A single degree of freedom setup is considered to experimentally implement the switched stiffness concept proposed here. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the vibration suppression method proposed here.
HelP: High-level Primitives For Large-Scale Graph Processing

Large-scale graph processing systems typically expose a small set of functions, such as the compute() function of Pregel, or the gather(), apply(), and scatter() functions of PowerGraph. For some computations, these APIs are too low-level, yielding long and complex programs, but with shared coding patterns. Similar issues with the MapReduce framework have led to widely-used languages such as Pig Latin and Hive, which introduce higher-level primitives. We take an analogous approach for graph processing: we propose HelP, a set of high-level primitives that capture commonly appearing operations in large-scale graph computations. Using our primitives we have implemented a large suite of algorithms, some of which we previously implemented with the APIs of existing systems. Our experience has been that implementing algorithms using our primitives is more intuitive and much faster than using the APIs of existing distributed systems. All of our primitives and algorithms are fully implemented as a library on top of the open-source GraphX system.
Scattering matrices in many-body scattering

In this paper we show that generalized eigenfunctions of many-body Hamiltonians H with short-range two-body interactions have distributional asymptotics at non-threshold channels. The leading terms of the asymptotics can be used to define a scattering matrix, and we show that this is the same (up to normalization) as that arising from the standard wave-operator approach. We also prove the existence of local distributional asymptotics for locally approximate generalized eigenfunctions in the more general setting of short range perturbations of a scattering metric, defined by Melrose in [13].
Substituted quinolines as inhibitors of l-glutamate transport into synaptic vesicles

This study investigated the structure-activity relationships and kinetic properties of a library of kynurenate analogues as inhibitors of 3H-L-glutamate transport into rat forebrain synaptic vesicles. The lack of inhibitory activity observed with the majority of the monocyclic pyridine derivatives suggested that the second aromatic ring of the quinoline-based compounds played a significant role in binding to the transporter. A total of two kynurenate derivatives, xanthurenate and 7-chloro-kynurenate, differing only in the carbocyclic ring substituents, were identified as potent competitive inhibitors, exhibiting Ki values of 0.19 and 0.59 mM, respectively. The Km value for L-glutamate was found to be 2.46 mM. Parallel experiments demonstrated that while none of the kynurenate analogues tested effectively inhibited the synaptosomal transport of 3H-D-aspartate, some cross-reactivity was observed with the EAA ionotropic receptors. Molecular modeling studies were carried out with the identified inhibitors and glutamate in an attempt to preliminarily define the pharmacophore of the vesicular transporter. It is hypothesized that the ability of the kynurenate analogues to bind to the transporter may be tied to the capacity of the quinoline carbocyclic ring to mimic the negative charge of the gamma-carboxylate of glutamate. A total of two low energy solution conformers of glutamate were identified that exhibited marked functional group overlap with the most potent inhibitor, xanthurenate. These results help to further refine the pharmacological specificity of the glutamate binding site on the vesicular transporter and identify a series of inhibitors with which to investigate transporter function.
A theoretical study of the ignition of premixed gases

Abstract In this paper, time-dependent results obtained from both a simple but nonlinear analytic similarity solution and a detailed numerical simulation model are used to study the interactions between the fundamental processes occurring in the ignition of homogeneous premixed gases. The parameters which may be varied are the composition of the mixture, the initial radius of energy deposition R0, the duration of the heating τ0, and the total energy deposited in the system E0. The similarity solution plus the induction time for the fuel-oxidizer mixture as a function of temperature and pressure can be used to calculate whether a given energy source is adequate to ignite the system. This simple procedure is then calibrated using a time-dependent detailed numerical reactive flow model which includes the thermophysical properties of the mixture, a full chemical kinetics scheme, nonlinear convection, molecular diffusion, and thermal conduction. Calculations are presented for a selected mixture of H2O2N2 for various values of R0 and E0. These show that the similarity solution predicts ignition accurately when the radius of energy deposition is larger than the quench radius. The detailed numerical reactive flow model is used to predict the quench radius and the absolute minimum ignition energy associated with it.