cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Race and Worker Productivity on Performance Evaluations

Using personnel data from a large firm, we examine the role of race, supervisor’s race, and worker productivity on performance ratings for a diverse employee population. Controlling for worker productivity and other demographic variables, black employees receive lower ratings than whites. These differences in performance evaluations are associated with the racial composition of the subordinate-supervisor pair. Racial differences between subordinate and supervisor lead to lower ratings for both black and white subordinates.
Troubled water? Acquiescence, conflict, and the politics of place in watershed management

Abstract Controversy surrounds proposed revisions in access and recreation policy at central Massachusetts' Wachusett Reservoir, a crucial source of drinking water for metropolitan Boston. This policy conflict illuminates a broader tension between rural and exurban resource-supply areas and metropolitan areas that are committed to resource extraction and urban growth. Boston dominates the reservoir region and extracts its resources, while less powerful local residents disagree with and sometimes protest against policies detrimental or perceived to be detrimental to their interests. Despite this tension, data gathered from surveys at the reservoir, supplementary interviews, archival research, and attendance at public meetings reveal that many potential sites of acrimony are characterized by positive attempts to reclaim place rather than direct opposition to outside domination. Findings suggest that residents in the reservoir region have attached their own values to the reservoir, including both rational valuation of specific non-drinking-water benefits and non-instrumental valuation of the reservoir as an integral part of residents' lifeworlds. Although tensions persist between Boston and the Wachusett region, area residents' complex valuation of the reservoir as a space of utility and a place of everyday life suggests opportunities for consensual resource coalitions and initiatives.
Dandy‐Walker Syndrome Associated with Congenital Heart Defects: Report of Three Cases

Three cases of Dandy-Walker syndrome associated with congenital heart defects are reported, and their management is described. The various theories concerning the aetiology of the Dandy-Walker syndrome are discussed and it is suggested that the theory of primary developmental atresia of the foramina of Magendie and Luschka is still acceptable. If the child with Dandy-Walker syndrome requires treatment by extracranial CSF drainage it is proposed that a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt is preferable when there is any suspicion of cardiac anomaly. The proximal catheter should be placed in the posterior fossa cyst (dilated fourth ventricle) rather than in the lateral ventricle.
Isotopic composition of strontium in sea water throughout Phanerozoic time

Abstract Isotopic analyses of strontium in primary fossil carbonate reveal significant variations in Sr 87 Sr 86 of sea water during the Phanerozoic. The strontium isotopic composition may have been uniform from the Ordovician through the Mississippian, with an average Sr 87 Sr 86 of 0.7078. A subsequent decrease in this value into the Mesozoic is interrupted by two provisionally documented positive pulses in Sr 87 Sr 86 —one in the Early Pennsylvanian and one in the Early Triassic. The lowest observed value (0.7068) occurred in Late Jurassic time, and this was followed by a gradual increase to 0.7075 in the Late Cretaceous and a more rapid increase through the Tertiary to 0.7090 for modern sea water. These variations are thought to be the result of a complex interplay of periods of intense volcanism and epeirogenic movements of the continents on a worldwide scale.
A new technique for performing Syed template interstitial implants for anterior vaginal tumors using an open retropubic approach.

The Syed template (Alpha-Omega Services, Bellflower, CA) has been established as an advance in interstitial gynecologic brachytherapy. Unfortunately, enthusiasm for the technique is often tempered by certain tumor geometries which require blind insertion of the interstitial needles, potentially risking inaccurate placement of the radioactive sources and viscus perforation. These concerns arise particularly in the management of anterior vaginal tumors where difficulties in negotiating the pubic arch can prevent optimal needle placement. In answer to this problem, a technique utilizing an open retropubic approach for Syed template interstitial implants in anterior vaginal tumors under direct visualization is described. To date, six procedures have been performed. The disease entities include advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma of the vagina, recurrent vaginal carcinoma, recurrent endometrial carcinoma, and urethral adenocarcinoma. Complete response was noted in five of six patients but persistent local control of disease was achieved in only one of five complete responses over a relatively short follow-up interval. Complications included paravaginal abscess (n = 1), postoperative deep venous thrombosis (n = 1), abdominal incision cellulitis (n = 1), and radiation enteritis (n = 1). An open retropubic approach allows direct visualization of the bladder and urethra during interstitial implantation of anterior vaginal malignancies and facilitates negotiation of the pubic arch. In our experience, this technique results in improved needle positioning and is thus intuitively likely to aid in avoiding injury to surrounding normal tissues. Additional accrual of a larger cohort will be necessary to arrive at any meaningful objective conclusions regarding the technique's benefit over current modalities.
Big strokes for little folks

Pediatric stroke occurs with an incidence of 2–13/100,000 and may account for major neurologic impairment in stroke survivors. Outcomes vary and numerous factors may account for that variability. Such factors include age at stroke occurrence, location and size of the affected brain regions, presence or absence of seizures, and etiology. Because of these variables, practitioners have limited data upon which to provide families with accurate prognostic information.
The use of complex integral representations for analytical evaluation of three-dimensional BEM integrals - Potential and elasticity problems

Summary The article presents a new complex variables-based approach for analytical evaluation of threedimensional integrals involved in boundary element method (BEM) formulations. The boundary element is assumed to be planar and its boundary may contain an arbitrary number of straight lines and/or circular arcs. The idea is to use BEM integral representations written in a local coordinate system of an element, separate in-plane components of the fields involved, arrange them in certain complex combinations, and apply integral representations for complex functions. These integral representations, such as Cauchy–Pompeiu formula (a particular case of Bochner– Martinelli formula) are the corollaries of complex forms of Gauss’s theorem and Green’s identity. They reduce the integrals over the area of the domain to those over its boundary. The latter integrals can be evaluated analytically for various density functions. Analytical expressions are presented for basic integrals involved in the single- and double-layer potentials for potential (harmonic) and elasticity problems.
Structure of Anxiety and Depression in Urban Youth: An Examination of the Tripartite Model.

In this study, the authors examined the validity of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression in a community epidemiological sample of 467 urban African American youth. Participants completed the Baltimore How I Feel, a measure of anxiety and depressive symptoms, in Grades 6 and 9. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a 3-factor model representing the tripartite model fit the data well and better than competing models. Longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis revealed configural invariance of the tripartite factor structure. However, a predicted divergence among dimensions over time was not evidenced. High correlations among the tripartite dimensions suggest that anxiety and mood symptoms may not differentiate in urban youth. Results are discussed in terms of the ethnicity and urban context of this community sample.
The basic cognition of jealousy: an evolutionary perspective

Penke and Asendorpf (European Journal Of Personality, vol 21, this issue) argue compellingly that research on jealousy would benefit from more direct investigation of cognitive processes, and report on research providing mixed evidence for sex differences in jealousy. We identify three limitations to the empirical approach utilised by Penke and Asendorpf, and highlight novel conceptual and methodological approaches for directly examining the basic cognitive mechanisms associated with jealousy and intrasexual rivalry. Investigating the basic cognition of intrasexual rivalry will help expand the scope of jealousy-related research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examination of a Polycrystalline Thin-Film Model to Explore the Relation between Probe Size and Structural Correlation Length in Fluctuation Electron Microscopy

We examine simulated electron microdiffraction patterns from models of thin polycrystalline silicon. The models are made by a Voronoi tessellation of random points in a box. The Voronoi domains are randomly selected to contain either a randomly-oriented cubic crystalline grain or a region of continuous random network material. The microdiffraction simulations from coherent probes of different widths are computed at the ideal kinematical limit, ignoring inelastic and multiple scattering. By examining the normalized intensity variance that is obtained in fluctuation electron microscopy experiments, we confirm that intensity fluctuations increase monotonically with the percentage of crystalline grains in the material. However, anomalously high variance is observed for models that have 100% crystalline grains with no imperfections. We confirm that the reduced normalized variance, V(k,R) - 1, that is associated with four-body correlations at scattering vector k, varies inversely with specimen thickness. Further, for probe sizes R larger than the mean grain size, we confirm that the reduced normalized variance obeys the predicted form given by Gibson et al. [Ultramicroscopy, 83, 169-178 (2000)] for the kinematical coherent scattering limit.
Social Class, Occupational Conditions, and Efficacy-Based Self-Esteem

This study examines the relationship between social stratification and self-esteem by focusing on aspects of stratification and self-esteem formation processes ignored in previous research. An analysis of theoretical developments and empirical research reveals that the exclusive focus on occupational status and self-esteem derived from interpersonal comparison processes ignores an entire dimension of the relationship between social stratification and self-esteem—that between social class (in the Marxian sense) and self-esteem derived from the experience of self-efficacy. We provide evidence here that supports a hypothesized relationship between social class and occupational conditions that constrain or enable the experience of self-efficacy and self-esteem. Our findings suggest that carefully distinguishing between class and status, and recognizing the multiple processes of self-esteem formation, can improve our explanation of variation in self-esteem with reference to social stratification.
Cationic spin probes on hectorite surfaces; demixing and mobility as a function of adsorption level

The electron spin resonance (ESR) technique has been used to study the motion and segregation of an organic spin probe cation (4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine N-oxide) on K+-hectorite as a func- tion of average surface concentration. The organic cation tends to concentrate in certain interlayers of aqueous hectorite suspensions even when it occupies a small fraction of the cation-exchange sites. This demixing effect is not evident in methanol-solvated hectorite. The average mobility of the probe increases at higher adsorption levels as a result of the shift of the equilibrium in favor of the solution state. Calculated time-averaged orientations of the probe on the clay surfaces are quite different for methanol- and water- solvated systems, emphasizing the importance of the solvent in modifying the surface-cation interaction.
Echocardiographic Indices of Increased Left Ventricular Filling Pressure and Dilation After Acute Myocardial Infarction

The relationship between echocardiographic indicators of acute and chronic left ventricular (LV) filling pressure and LV dilation after acute myocardial infarction was assessed in 47 patients. The ratio of early transmitral flow velocity to early mitral annulus velocity (E/e') reflects acute LV filling pressure and the indexed volume of the left atrium is an indicator of chronic LV filling pressure. E/e' was higher (19 vs 10, P = .001) among patients who experienced a greater than 15% increase in indexed LV end-diastolic volume (remodeling group, n = 10). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed that E/e' was a predictor of remodeling (area under the curve 0.83, P = .002). Patients with E/e' greater than 15 had a mean increase in indexed LV end-diastolic volume of 9.3 versus 1.7 mL/m2 in patients with E/e' 15 or less (P = .01). Multivariable regression analyses confirmed that E/e' was the strongest independent predictor of remodeling in this cohort (odds ratio 1.39, P = .01). There was no relationship between indexed volume of the left atrium and LV dilation. These data suggest that the E/e' ratio may be a useful predictor of LV dilation after acute myocardial infarction. In particular, an E/e' ratio greater than 15 identifies patients at increased risk.
Solirubrobacter pauli gen. nov., sp. nov., a mesophilic bacterium within the Rubrobacteridae related to common soil clones

A novel bacterium, strain B33D1T, isolated from agricultural soil, was characterized taxonomically and phylogenetically. Strain B33D1T was a Gram-positive, aerobic rod of medium length that formed long chains on a common laboratory medium. However, B33D1T grew poorly on the surface of agar plates and was sensitive to desiccation. The optimal growth temperature was 30 °C (range 19–38 °C). The organism grew well on a variety of sugars and was capable of utilizing a few amino acids as sole carbon sources. Phylogenetically, the most closely related described species to strain B33D1T was Rubrobacter xylanophilus, which possessed 86 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity. However, a number of 16S rRNA gene clones derived from soil samples possessed up to 93 % sequence similarity. These results placed strain B33D1T within the subclass Rubrobacteridae of the phylum Actinobacteria. The novel genus and species Solirubrobacter pauli gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with strain B33D1T (=ATCC BAA-492T=DSM 14954T) as the type strain.
Sarcoidosis, role of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and other biologic agents, past, present, and future concepts

Tumor necrosis factor is a potent cytokine involved in the inflammatory process of many diseases. Agents that block tumor necrosis factor have been used in the treatment of various immune-mediated diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas. Tumor necrosis factor plays a major role in the inflammatory process seen in sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis therapies with activity against tumor necrosis factor and specific anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies have been used with variable success. The long-term safety and efficacy of such therapies are yet to be determined in well-designed clinical trials with long-term follow-up.
Phylogenetic mapping of bacterial morphology

The availability of a meaningful molecular phylogeny for bacteria provides a context for examining the historical significance of various developments in bacterial evolution. Herein, the classical morphological descriptions of selected members of the domain Bacteria are mapped upon the genealogical ancestry deduced from comparison of small-subunit rRNA sequences. For the species examined in this study, a distinct pattern emerges which indicates that the coccus shape has arisen and accumulated independently multiple times in separate lineages and typically survived as a persistent end-state morphology. At least two other morphologies persist but have evolved only once. This study demonstrates that although bacterial morphology is not useful in defining bacterial phylogeny, it is remarkably consistent with that phylogeny once it is known. An examination of the experimental evidence available for morphogenesis as well as microbial fossil evidence corroborates these findings. It is proposed that the accumulation of persistent morphologies is a result of the biophysical properties of peptidoglycan and their genetic control, and that an evolved body-plan strategy based on peptidoglycan may have been a fate-sealing step in the evolution of Bacteria. More generally, this study illustrates that significant evolutionary insights can be obtained by examining biological and biochemical data in the context of a reliable phylogenetic structure.
Service Above Self?: Rotary Clubs, National Socialism, and Transnational Memory in the 1960s and 1970s

In the 1960s and 1970s two controversies forced Rotary clubs to address the issue of complicity during the Holocaust. One emerged from a West German Rotarian’s attempts to publish an honest account of his organization’s concessions to National Socialism in the 1930s. The second ensued upon the nomination of an Austrian former Nazi to the Rotary International presidency. Both events unleashed intense discussions in the United States and elsewhere, pitting those who felt that the Holocaust must never be forgotten against those who saw camaraderie and forgiveness as more important than historical memory. These debates revealed “transnational” memory at work. Rotarians’ and the wider public’s response to these controversies transcended geographical boundaried, bringing Americans, Europeans, and others together to contemplate the moral legacies of Nazism and the Holocaust.
Mapping algorithms to linear systolic arrays for wafer scale integration

A general methodology to map computations carried out on two-dimensional systolic arrays onto one-dimensional arrays is developed. The basic idea of the technique is to map computations of two-dimensional systolic arrays onto one-dimensional arrays in such a way that they satisfy the dependencies in the original problem. Using the technique, the two-dimensional arrays that have been developed for a large class of problems can be translated into one-dimensional arrays with the designs which can be implemented in wafer-scale integration (WSI). Compared to known designs in the literature, the methodology is an improvement in that it leads to modular systolic arrays with contrast hardware in each processing element, few control lines, lexicographic data input/output format, and improved delay time. >
A commensalism between Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) and a coccinellid beetle at Barro Colorado Island, Panama

The plants in the genus Piper (Piperaceae) with hollow petioles (sheathing leaf bases) are very amenable to symbioses with invertebrates. The mutualisms between several Piper species and resident Pheidole bicornis Forel (Formicidae) ants are well-documented (Letourneau 1983, 1990, 1991, 1998; Letourneau & Dyer 1998a, b; Risch & Rickson 1981; Risch et al. 1977), but many other invertebrates, including other species of ants and specialized predators of Pheidole, are also petiole residents (Letourneau 1990, 1991; L. Dyer & D. Letourneau pers. obs.). Gathering more natural history data on these additional associations could be useful for understanding the ecology and evolution of plant-ant mutualisms. We have observed an interesting symbiosis between Piper marginatumn Jacq. and an unknown coccinellid beetle that may be relevant to understanding established Piper-Pheidole mutualisms. In this note, we compare our observations of P. marginatum chemistry, herbivory, ant associations and beetle associations to our published data on the same aspects of Piper ant-plants. Piper marginatum is a gap-inhabiting shrub that occurs from Guatemala to Ecuador and in Brazil and the West Indies; it has hollow petioles but no known associations with ants or other arthropods (Burger 1971). Piper ant-plants are
Enhanced neuronal expression of major histocompatibility complex class I leads to aberrations in neurodevelopment and neurorepair

Abstract Mice deficient in classical major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) have aberrations in neurodevelopment. The consequences of upregulated neuronal MHCI expression have not been examined. We found that transgenic C57Bl/6 mice that are engineered to express higher levels of self-D b on their CNS neurons have alterations in their hippocampal morphology and retinogeniculate projections, as well as impaired neurorepair responses. Thus, enhanced neuronal classical MHCI expression can lead to aberrations in neural circuitry and neurorepair. These findings complement a growing body of knowledge concerning the neurobiological activities of MHCI and may have potential clinical relevance.
Health Related Quality of Life in Men With Prostate Cancer

ABSTRACTPurpose: Quality of life is of great concern to patients considering treatment options for prostate cancer. In the absence of clinical trial data clearly demonstrating that a particular treatment is superior to another for localized prostate cancer, in terms of cause specific survival, patients may value quality of life as much as quantity of life. The goal of this review is to familiarize the reader with the methodology of quality of life research and to review the recent literature on quality of life outcomes in prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: A structured MEDLINE review of literature on health related quality of life in prostate cancer for the years 1995 to 2001 was performed, and was augmented with highly relevant articles from additional selected journals.Results: In the case of advanced or metastatic disease, where the goal of treatment is palliation and symptom-free survival, quality of life often becomes the primary desired outcome. In localized disease all treatments affect health ...
Linking simulation and visualization construction through interactions with an ontology visualization

An ontology is a formalized knowledge structure understandable by humans and machines. Positioned within the interface layer, domain-specific ontologies can afford simulation model building and visualization construction. Such an ontology-enabled interface would allow modelers to interact with the semantics they are already familiar with, due to their field-specific education and training, in order to build executable simulation models. We present a methodology in which ontology visualizations serve as interface to simulation model building and visualization construction activities. Further, we describe how the ontology can be used to link simulation variables to visualization parameters, thus supporting integrative multi-modeling by allowing simulations and their corresponding visualizations to be constructed within the same interface and interaction paradigm. To demonstrate the ontology-enabled interface, we present a case study: a physiological simulation of hypovolemic shock and its corresponding three-dimensional (3D) visualization.
Recent results and new hardware developments for protein crystal growth in microgravity

Protein crystal growth experiments have been performed on 16 space shuttle missions since April, 1985. The initial experiments utilized vapor diffusion crystallization techniques similar to those used in laboratories for earth-based experiments. More recent experiments have utilized temperature induced crystallization as an alternative method for growing high quality protein crystals in microgravity. Results from both vapor diffusion and temperature induced crystallization experiments indicate that proteins grown in microgravity may be larger, display more uniform morphologies, and yield diffraction data to significantly higher resolutions than the best crystals of these proteins grown on earth.
Biracial Identity and Its Relation to Self-Esteem and Depression in Mixed Black/White Biracial Individuals

The present study examined how self-identification and ethnic identity relate to levels of depression and self-esteem in black/white biracial individuals. Seventy-four black/white biracial individuals were recruited using a modified snowball sampling technique and completed online survey measures related to self-identification, ethnic identity, self-esteem, and depression. Ethnic identity was positively related to self-esteem and negatively to depression. Results also revealed that participants who either identified as biracial all the time (border identity) or sometimes (protean identity) had higher self-esteem and lower levels of depression than those who did not acknowledge their biracial identity (singular and transcendent identity). This study suggests the incorporation of both component races, rather than choosing one or denying both races as part of the identity, is associated with better psychosocial adjustment.
Investigation of the low angle grain boundaries in highly oriented diamond films via transmission electron microscopy

Highly oriented diamond thin films grown on silicon via microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition were examined by transmission electron microscopy. In the plan view, defects appearing at the grain boundary were easily observed. (100) faceted grains that appeared to have coalesced were connected at their interfaces by dislocations characteristic of a low angle grain boundary. From Burgers vector calculations and electron diffraction patterns, the azimuthal rotation between grains was measured to be between 0 and 6°. The defect densities of these films are compared to reports from (100) textured randomly oriented films, and the relative improvement due to the reduction of misorientation and grain boundary angles is discussed.
Recovering the poles from third-order cumulants of system output

The problem of identifying the poles of single-input/single-output (SISO) linear stochastic systems from the higher-order statistics of noisy observations is considered. It is assumed that the system is driven by an independent and identically distributed non-Gaussian process with nonzero third-order cumulant function at zero lag. There is no other restriction of the probability distribution of the driving noise. The system is assumed to be of known order, causal, and exponentially stable, but is not required to be minimum phase. The system output is observed in additive, possibly non-Gaussian, noise. It is shown that if there are no pole-zero cancellations in the transfer function of the given system, then it is necessary and sufficient for a block Hankel matrix to have rank equal to the system order where the matrix is constructed from a partial set of third-order cumulants of the noisy output sequence. This fundamental result then leads to a linear solution to the problem of estimating the coefficients of the system characteristic polynomial from which the system poles can be found via root-finding. >
Protein absorption depends on load-dependent inhibition of intestinal transit in dogs

Ileal perfusion of protein slows intestinal tran- sit. Because optimal absorption of nutrients requires adequate time in contact with the mucosa, slowed intestinal transit may increase protein absorption by increasing the residence time of nutrients in the small intestine. Although protein supplements are routinely added to enteral feeding to correct protein malnutrition, little information is available on the effect of increasing the load of protein on intestinal transit and the efficiency of protein absorp- tion. In six dogs equipped with duodenal and midintestinal fistulas, intestinal transit and the efficiency of protein absorption (percent- age protein absorbed as estimated from the output of midintestinal fistula) were compared during intestinal perfusion with 0-, 50-, 100-, and 200-g/L solutions of a whey-based protein supplement. We found that intestinal transit slowed in a load-dependent fashion (P < 0.05); the amount of protein absorbed within the proximal one-half of the small intestine increased in a load-dependent fash- ion (P < 0.05) as intestinal transit slowed, and the percentage protein absorbed (reflecting the efficiency of protein absorption) was maintained at a high and nearly constant value of 66.5-72.5% across protein loads of 9-36 g. We conclude that enhanced protein absorption is associated with a load-dependent inhibition of intes- tinal transit. Am J Clin Nutr l996;64:319-23.
Modification of the Wave Variable Technique for Teleoperation Systems Experiencing Communication Loss

Researchers have studied teleoperation systems essentially for implementation in critical tasks. Although teleoperation systems require stability apriori, time delays over the communications lines become a major source of instability. During the last two decades several researchers have focused on the time delay problem. The wave variable technique is one of the teleoperation controllers developed to ensure stability under time delays. In this paper, a modified algorithm of the wave variable technique is introduced. The purpose of the modification is to ensure that the slave manipulator tracks the position demand of the master even if there is a communication loss or the wave variable technique fails for a limited time period.
Copolyesters. IV. Copolyesters of polycaprolactone and poly(butylene terephthalate)

The copolyesters of poly(butylene terephthalate) and polycaprolactone were prepared by melt polycondensation. The charged form of the caprolactone unit was either caprolactone or polycaprolactonediol. The chemical structure of the copolyesters was investigated by proton NMR. It was found that the content of the caprolactone unit in copolyesters was lower than the charged value. The copolyesters prepared from both caprolactone and polycaprolactonediol were found to be random copolymers. Tm, Tg, and crystallinity of the copolyesters decreased as the content of caprolactone unit increased due to the copolymerization effect. The tensile strength, modulus, and hardness decreased as the content of caprolactone unit increased, which was consistent with the trend of crystallinity.
Propagation of vasomotor responses coordinates arteriolar resistances

We tested the hypothesis that a conduction pathway intrinsic to the arteriolar wall possesses the properties necessary to coordinate vasomotor responses in the microcirculation. Acetylcholine (ACh) or norepinephrine (NE) was iontophoresed onto cheek pouch arterioles (15-35 microns diam) of pentobarbital-anesthetized hamsters, and diameter responses were observed using intravital video microscopy. ACh and NE induced vasodilation and vasoconstriction, respectively, that propagated both upstream and downstream from the site of application. Propagated vasomotor responses decayed with distance along the arterioles; this decay was characterized by mechanical length constants of 1.9 and 1.8 mm for ACh and NE, respectively. Vasodilations and vasoconstrictions initiated on daughter vessels of a branch propagated into parent arterioles that were approximately twice the diameter of the daughter vessels. Iontophoretic stimuli applied simultaneously to paired daughter vessels induced propagated responses that summed linearly in the parent vessel. We conclude that the arteriolar network functions as a highly coordinated syncytium and that diverse vasomotor stimuli can be summed and integrated within the peripheral microvasculature.
Neurology of Social Behavior and Affect in Primates: A Study of Prefrontal and Anterior Temporal Cortex

The rhesus monkey is a generalized primate widely distributed and abundant in Asia. For these reasons, it has long been used for laboratory studies. More recently, the free-ranging behavior and population dynamics of the rhesus monkey has also been examined both in India and the United States, where a prime population has been maintained since the 1930s on Cayo Santiago, an island offshore of Puerto Rico. These studies have afforded a detailed description of the social behavior of this species.
Cochliobolus Sativus. I. Perithecial Development and the Inheritance of Spore Color and Mating Type

Perithecia of Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dastur, the perfect state of Helminthosporium sativum P. K. & B. (H. sorokinianum Sacc. ex Sorokin), have not been reported in nature. They have been obtained, however, in laboratory cultures (3, 4, 8, 9). Tinline demonstrated that the fungus was heterothallic, each thallus being bisexual and self-sterile. He designated two mating types as A and a (9). Shoemaker (8) and Hrushovetz (3) studied the cytology of the developing ascocarp. The former author also reported on the nature of sexuality in the fungus. He found that uninucleate, spherical spermatia were the male agents in plasmogamy; ascogonia were the female reproductive organs. The characteristics of heterothallism and sexuality indicated that the perfect stage might be used as a tool to study genetically the variation in the organism. Abundant material was required for such an investigation. Although culture methods for perithecial formation were described by Tinline (9) and after by Shoemaker (8), a determination of the environmental conditions that were favorable for the development of
Blossoming of Nanosheet Structures via a Disturbed Self-Assembly

Nanofabrication has been critical in all kinds of nanotechnology, not only for achieving various nanostructures or nanosystems but also for the application of the nanotechnology. To achieve controllable but simple nanofabrication is one of the central aspirations for many research communities; here, for the first time, we report the growth of nanosheet structures simply by introducing internal disturbances (adding nanoparticles and surface tension) or external disturbances (deformations) to the self-assembly of copolymers induced by evaporation. Nanoparticles, curved surface, and deformations by such as writing or extension have been employed to demonstrate the sensitivity of the nanosheet structures to various disturbances. Finally, a physical model has been proposed to explain how the disturbances contribute to the formation of the nanosheet structures. These significant results indicate a scalable, writable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly nanotechnology that will stimulate new nanofabricat...
Instrumented Insoles for Designing and Evaluating Footwear

Foot injury and foot related disorders can cause pain, deformity, fatigue, headaches, and exacerbation of foot injury. While these disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, the design of footwear can be an important prevention to further injury or discomfort. While fashion is a high priority to many when selecting footwear, careful and rational design of shoes can help to prevent (or reduce) the onset of many foot disorders and health problems. Instrumented shoes or insoles can be greatly useful for characterizing the forces and biomechanical response to shoe designs. Such devices can be developed as non-obtrusive sensing systems for measuring pressure at various locations in the foot as well as acceleration of the toe and heel during regular, everyday activity. Instrumented insoles reveal much about the biomechanical response of a subject to the specific design of the shoe. Such instrumentation can have great utility in assisting shoe designers with the development of footwear that promotes human well-being and health.
FEM Method Analysis for the Frequency Selective Characteristics of Dielectric Periodic Structure

In this paper,the frequency selective characteristics of dielectric periodic structures for the oblique incidence of a plane wave are analyzed by FEM method.The interior region,treated using the FEM,is truncated to a single periodic unit cell;the combination of PML,periodic boundary and incident boundary extraordinarily simplified the calculation of the open space problems.The results are agreed with the theoretic ones.It shows that the analysis method in the paper is proper and effective.
Preclinical Evaluation of Linopirdine: Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects

The observation that profound losses in neocortical cholinergic innervation (Davies and Maloney, 1976; Perry et al., 1978; Whitehouse et al., 1982; Coyle et al., 1983) occur in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and data pointing to the importance of cholinergic function to learning and memory in animals (El-Defrawy et al, 1985; Watson et al. 1985, Hepler et al., 1985) have led to what has been called the cholinergic hypothesis of AD. This hypothesis states that the cholinergic losses observed in AD lead, at least in part, to the cognitive and mnemonic deficits observed in the disease. However, with the wide range of neurochemical alterations now documented in AD the cholinergic hypothesis appears to be an oversimplification (Price, 1986; D’Amato et al., 1987; Struble et al., 1987).
The US-Mexico Border Human Development Index, 1990–2010

ABSTRACTThis paper updates the Border Human Development Index (BHDI), a quality of life index for comparing well-being in municipios [Mexican sub-state administrative units] and counties along the US-Mexico border from 1990 to 2010. The index, first published in 2004, is updated to include the 2010 census data. Empirical estimations show that the gap between the US and Mexican BHDI increased during the 2000–2010 decade. Many of the employment and income advantages of Mexican border communities have been lost due to a combination of internal and external pressures including US recessions, competition from China, US security measures that slow trade and other cross-border interactions, and drug-related violence that scares off tourists and shoppers from the US.
Epileptiform EEGs and Attention Deficit Disorder

The electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 176 children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were analyzed at the University of Illinois, Chicago.
Induction of chromosome aberrations and mitotic arrest by cytomegalovirus in human cells

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is potentially an effective but often overlooked genotoxic agent in humans. We report here evidence that indicates that infection by CMV can induce chromosome alterations and mitotic inhibition. The frequency of chromosome aberrations induced was dependent on the input multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) for human lung fibroblasts (LU), but not for human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) when both cell types were infected at the GO phase of the cell cycle. The aberrations induced by CMV were mostly chromatid breaks and chromosome pulverizations that resembled prematurely condensed S-phase chromatin. Pulverized chromosomes were not observed in LU cells infected with virus stocks that had been rendered nonlytic by UV-irradiation at 24,000 ergs/mm2 or from infection of human lymphocytes. In LU cells infected with UV-irradiated CMV, the frequency of aberrations induced was inversely dependent on the extent of the exposure of the CMV stock to the UV-light. In permissive CMV infection of proliferating LU cells at 24 hr after subculture, a high percentage (greater than 40%) of the metaphase cells were arrested at their first metaphase and displayed severely condensed chromosomes when harvested 48 hr later. A significant increase (p less than 0.05) in the chromosome aberration frequency was also more » observed. Our study shows that CMV infection is genotoxic to host cells. The types and extent of damage are dependent on the viral genome expression and on the cell cycle stage of the cells at the time of infection. The possible mechanisms for induction of chromosome damage by CMV are discussed. « less
National Personality Traits and Regime Type: A Cross-National Study of 47 Countries

Domestic theories of democratization emphasize the role of values, interests, and mobilization/opportunities as determinants of regime change. This article takes a step back and develops a model of national personality and democratization to ascertain the indirect effect of national personality traits on worldwide variation of regime type. In particular, I theorize that personality traits influence a country’s regime type by shaping citizens’ traditional and self-expression values, which, in turn, influence the establishment and consolidation of democratic institutions. Data from McCrae and Terracciano’s assessment of the five-factor model from 47 countries allow me to assess this hypothesis empirically. Results reveal that countries whose societies are high in Openness to experience tend to have more democratic institutions, even after adjusting for relevant confounders: economic inequalities, economic development, technological advancement, disease stress, climate demands, and methodological characteris...
Retrospective of: A Need for the Revitalization of Indicants of Performance in the Marketing Organization

The maxim of managers seems to be what gets measured gets done. However, with multiple measures of marketing effectiveness, which few should be chosen? This paper re-examines the proposed outcome measures of Good (1992) and the marketing literature since that time to suggest an updated view of performance measures.
The Perceived Environment as Social Context

The aim of this chapter has been to contribute to clarification of the relations between environmental, personality, and behavioral variables. It was argued that the diverse concepts of environments could be ordered along a distal-proximal dimension, with those near the proximal end capable of being experienced by an actor, and, hence, constituting the perceived environment. Personality development over time and action at any point in time were considered to be invariant with or dependent upon the perceived environment. Explanation of any relations between the distal environment and personality or behavior would seem, therefore, to require mediating proximal or perceived environment variables. Several properties of perceived environments were specified—differentiation or texture, depth, temporal extension, and generality-specificity—and data were introduced which provided some degree of empirical support for them.
Acercamiento discursivo de Benjamín Saldaña Rocca y Manuel González Prada durante el boom del caucho peruano

This essay discusses the denunciatory discourse of Benjamin Saldana Rocca in his newspapers La Sancion and La Felpa, published in Iquitos in 1907 and 1908. Julio Cesar Arana, a Peruvian rubber baron and general manager of the Peruvian Amazon Company, PAC, was the principal target of the complaints of Saldana Rocca. Socialist apologist, this acerbic journalist blamed Arana and his foremen for the crimes commited against the Indians in the rubber plantations s under his control located in the region of the rivers Putumayo and Caqueta. To fullfil his objectives, Saldana used a variety of genres such as delations, oral testimony, satirical letrillas, letters, transcriptions and caricatures, which later served to other individuals in their accusations. These, finally, would lead to the economical collapse of Arana. I will show that the press of Saldana Rocca presents an approach with the ideological postulates of Manuel Gonzalez Prada, leading exponent of the anarchist movement, from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Because of his written legacy Saldana Rocca could well be considered like one of the main and more daring defender of the human rights of the Amazonian indigenous peoples.
Isolation of full-length RNA from a thermophilic cyanobacterium.

Isolation of full-length mRNA without degradation is critical in the study of in vivo gene regulation and transcription, cDNA synthesis and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. It is particularly diffic...
Promoting father involvement in early home visiting services for vulnerable families: Findings from a pilot study of "Dads matter".

Abstract Despite mounting evidence on the importance of fathers in children’s development, evidence-based perinatal home visitation programs have largely overlooked fathers in the design and delivery of services. This paper describes the design, development, and pilot testing of the “Dads Matter” enhancement to standard home visiting services. Dads Matter is a manualized intervention package designed to fully incorporate fathers into perinatal home visiting services. Twenty-four families were enrolled in a pilot study to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of the intervention. Using a quasi-experimental time-lagged design, 12 families received standard home visiting services and completed baseline and four-month post-tests. Home visitor staff were then trained and supervised to implement the Dads Matter enhancement in addition to standard services. Twelve additional families were then enrolled and completed baseline and four-month post-tests. Implementation data indicated that Dads Matter was implemented as planned. Cohen’s d scores on outcome measures indicate positive trends associated with Dads Matter in the quality of the mother-father relationship, perceived stress reported by both parents, fathers’ involvement with the child, maltreatment indicators, and fathers’ verbalizations toward the infant. Effect sizes generally ranged from moderate to large in magnitude and were larger than overall effect sizes of home visitation services alone reported in prior meta-analyses. Dads Matter appears to be a feasible, acceptable, and promising approach to improving fathers’ engagement in home visiting services and promoting family and child well-being.
Playbook for UAS: UX of Goal-Oriented Planning and Execution.

We are evaluating Playbook for CASAS (Connected Autonomous Smart Aerospace Systems), a tool designed to aid first responders in disaster relief efforts. We are adapting an existing tool, Playbook, to support a future unmanned aircraft system (UAS) swarm demonstration. Playbook for CASAS will be used to plan, edit, and monitor simulated UAS swarms, and we are interested in evaluating the user experience of this prototype as well as developing recommendations for future UAS interfaces. Allocation of roles and responsibilities between human-automation systems is key to promoting productive cooperation between users and automation. Future interfaces, however, must allow for adaptive management of the swarm not a constant split in human-automation control. Our early research indicates that when a single pilot is controlling swarms of robotic agents, such as UAS or ground rovers, operators require a higher level, goal-based interface with usability at its core. Along with that high-level control, users can leverage sensors within the swarm to be notified when lower level actions must be taken by the pilot. First responders working in disaster relief efforts require a high level of situational awareness (SA) and precise control at key moments within a mission. This balance in operator workload paired with SA can lead to improved safety and mission outcomes. Our research below outlines leverage points as well as the balance between human involvement and autonomy in UAS interfaces.
Using Fuzzy Sets to Deal with Uncertainty in Single-species, Single-season Occupancy Models

Occupancy modeling is a valuable tool for managing wildlife populations. Current occupancy models provide estimates of occurrence based on a point estimate for the species detectability and presence-absence. However, detectability can vary based on many variables ranging from weather to personnel. Therefore, I propose the use of fuzzy sets rather than point estimates for detectability and binomial presence-absence data during calculations of occupancy. Fuzzy occupancy estimates are easier to determine, more robust, and generally more informative than traditional point-based occupancy models. Consequently, managers will have better information available for comparing occupancy values among sites. Fuzzy sets are especially useful when parameters of the study violate key data standards.