cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can we reduce anesthesia exposure? Neonatal brain MRI: Swaddling vs. sedation, a national survey

Abstract Study objective Neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic modality that requires minimal motion to acquire quality images. Sedation or even general anesthesia may be necessary to achieve acceptable scans. There is a growing body of literature, especially in animal studies, that links neurotoxicity with anesthetic exposure to the developing brain. There is no study outlining strategies used by neonatal intensive care units (NICU) to achieve quality MRI images with limited exposure to medications identified as possibly harmful to the developing brain. Design A 15-question survey was sent to all NICU programs in the United States (US) with fellowship programs. Setting MRI suite. Patients Neonates. Interventions None. Measurements The programs were queried regarding their preferred method for obtaining MRIs of the brain and how successful they were in obtaining quality images. Main results Of the 96 programs surveyed, 58 responded (response rate of 60%). To obtain brain MRIs, 64%( n =37) used feed and swaddle; 32% ( n =19) use sedation; and 3% ( n =2) used general anesthesia (GA). Success rate of obtaining quality MRI images varied by technique. In the feed and swaddle group, 81% reported that a failure to obtain useful images occurred 75%. In the sedation and GA group, 100% reported failure to obtain useful images occurred rarely. Conclusions The majority of NICUs in the US that responded to the survey utilized feed and swaddle as their primary technique for obtaining MRIs of the brain and reported a high success rate. Given the growing concern over the possible neurotoxic effects of anesthetic drugs on the developing brain, more centers should consider this technique as a first line method to obtain brain MRIs, with sedation and GA reserved for failed feed and swaddle attempts and special circumstances.
Maintaining collections with a flat budget

This paper focuses on the various processes, methods and tough decisions made by the University of Kansas Libraries to provide library materials while maintaining a flat collections budget for over eight years. During this period, those responsible for the Libraries’ collections have implemented quick stop- gap measures, picked all the ‘low-hanging fruit’, and eventually canceled a large journal package. This case study will help other librarians facing the reality of maintaining collections at a time when budgets, changing formats and publication practices are all obstacles to providing patrons with what they need.
Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation with CD3 Depleted Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Grafts for Children with Hematologic Malignancies.

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative therapy for patients with high-risk or recurrent hematologic malignancies. As only 25% of patients have matched siblings and not all have unrelated donors, haploidentical HSCT using mismatched related donors is the only option for many patients. However, historically the risks of GVHD, graft rejection, and prolonged immunocompromise have made this donor option rather limited. More recently, highly purified CD34+ hematopoietic cells have been used with decreased GVHD rates, but at the risk of graft rejection and prolonged immunodsuppression with infectious complications. In an attempt to obtain a PBSC graft with higher T-cell content to maintain acceptable GVHD rates while promoting more rapid immune reconstitution, we initiated a prospective clinical trial for patients with hematologic malignancies who lacked a matched related donor or unrelated donor using a novel method of graft processing. The conditioning regimen consisted of TBI (12 Gy in 8 fractions over 4 days), cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg/day for 2 days), thiotepa (10 mg/kg/day for 1 day), and rabbit ATG (10 mg/kg/course over 4 days). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine initiated at day -2. G-CSF mobilized PBSC grafts from mismatched related donors were infused after ex vivo T-cell depletion using OKT3 on the CliniMACS device. Patients had weekly peripheral blood analysis for evidence of EBV, CMV, or adenovirus DNA by PCR. If positive, pre-emptive therapy was administered. Twenty patients were enrolled with a median age of 11.9 yrs (range, 2.7–22.1). Diagnoses included ALL (2-CR1, 5-CR2, 3-CR3), AML (2-CR1, 1-CR2, 1-persistent disease), MDS (1-CR1, 2-persistent disease), CML (2- first chronic phase) and NHL (1-CR2). Donors and recipients were matched at 3 (n=11), 4 (n=8) or 5 (n=1) of 6 HLA loci. Of the 19 evaluable patients (one patient died prior to engraftment), the median time to attain ANC > 500/mm3 was 13 days (range, 10–19) and the median time to attain a transfusion-independent platelet count of 50,000/mm3 was 18 days (range, 8–37) post-HSCT. Only 3 patients developed grade 1–2 acute GVHD and none developed grade 3–4 acute GVHD. One patient developed limited chronic GVHD. Complications included post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PT-LPD, n=3), VOD (n=2), BOOP (n=1), CMV retinitis (n=1), and adenovirus reactivation (n=7). No patient died of infectious complications or PT-LPD. 6 patients have died of regimen-related toxicities (n=4), or disease recurrence (n=2) at a median of 160 days (range, 4–208) post-HSCT. Fourteen patients remain alive in remission at a median of 162 days (range, 49–947) post-HSCT. OKT3 depleted PBSC grafts from haploidentical donors depleted of T-celss ex vivo results in favorable outcomes and acceptably low rates of GVHD and infectious complications for children undergoing HSCT from parental donors.
Revenant modernisms and the recurrence of literary history

This essay suggests that literary production post-postmodernism has not progressed to something new, but rather has returned to quintessentially modernist anxieties and modes of expression––especially renewed faith in grand narratives. The argument draws upon and coalesces two theoretical texts to help identify what I term ‘revenant modernism’ as a “symbolic space” (Flatley, 2008: 32) where a sort of “secular re-enchantment” (Landy & Saler, 2009: 2) remains possible: Jonathan Flatley’s Affective mapping: Melancholia and the politics of modernism (2008) and The re-enchantment of the world: Secular magic in a rational age (2009) by Joshua Landy and Michael Saler. I then examine two recent novels––Will Self’s Umbrella (2012) and Eimear McBride’s A girl is a half-formed thing (2014)––as evidence of this return. Along the way, I tie both of these novels back to their stated modernist influence (James Joyce’s Ulysses [1993]) in order to show how Self and McBride’s fiction borrows from Joyce’s particular brand of postcolonial modernism.
Poor oral health affects survival in head and neck cancer

Introduction Poor oral health has emerged as a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) but its impact on survival has not been examined. We sought to estimate the impact of oral health indicators on survival in a population-based HNSCC cohort.
The Early (and Peculiar) History of the Möbius Function

We begin with this challenge from analysis: for −1 < x < 1, determine the exact value of the infinite series The pattern here is anything but clear, as signs flip-flop in strange fashion and certai...
Invasive insect hybridizes with local pests.

“Be afraid, be very afraid!” Kate Jones warned me over coffee in London. She is an expert on global emergent diseases. Her work showed that new diseases are on the increase and that they usually originate from contact with wild animals as our species occupies and further exploits natural areas on the planet (1). I remembered her warning a few years later in 2014–2015 when an unprecedented Ebola epidemic broke out in West Africa and threatened the rest of the planet. This lethal epidemic likely started because someone, somewhere, cooked and ate a virus-laden bat. In PNAS, Anderson et al. (2) provide another reason to be very afraid: a “mega-pest” of food and fiber has recently invaded the New World from the Old and has begun to mix its genome with a native mega-pest. The genus Helicoverpa belongs to a group of heliothine moths in the family Noctuidae that are considered mega-pests because of the immense crop damage they cause (3). The Helicoverpa corn earworm and cotton bollworm complex of moth pests (Lepidoptera) are among the world’s most devastating pests of food and fiber crops. Helicoverpa zea is the New World representative, mainly known for its depredations on cotton and corn, and also found on over 100 other plant species belonging to 29 plant families (4). It causes hundreds of millions of dollars of annual damage. Its close relative, the Old World Helicoverpa armigera , is even more devastating, particularly in tropical Africa and Asia. This second pest feeds on over 300 species belonging to 68 plant families and is estimated to inflict over $5 billion of damage annually to crops worldwide (4). Helicoverpa caterpillars are particularly challenging because they prefer to bore into plant reproductive parts, the fruits and/or flowers of crops, the very same parts that are valuable … [↵][1]1Email: jmallet{at}oeb.harvard.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
A Theory of Arts Entrepreneurship as Organizational Attack

Arguably, both success and failure in arts entrepreneurship do not depend upon one’s own ability to employ themselves or create a business. Given that the academic field of arts entrepreneurship is still emerging, it is not surprising that arts entrepreneurship theory is underdeveloped. While a theory of arts entrepreneurship could help answer the recurring question (i.e., What is arts entrepreneurship?), without a theory supported by evidence, what arts entrepreneurship “is” may be based on individual subjectivity, discipline-based bias, and untested assumptions. To address this gap in the arts entrepreneurship literature, I propose a theory of arts entrepreneurship evidenced by repeated observations that are verifiable via case study experiences.
Aggregate Hours and Local Projections with Long-Run Restrictions

I extend the local projections method to identify structural shocks using long-run restrictions. I show that the proposed estimator is substantially more robust than structural VARs (SVARs) to both the choice of lag length and the order of integration of the endogenous variables using data from a standard real business cycle (RBC) model. Benchmark simulations show that the proposed estimator can yield substantial reductions in both the bias and mean squared error of estimated impulse response functions relative to SVARs, particularly at short forecast horizons. In all cases, the proposed estimator correctly estimates the direction of the contemporaneous response and the shape of the full impulse response function, and can eliminate virtually all of the bias for some specification choices. Using my proposed estimator and data obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, I then estimate the response of aggregate labor hours to productivity shocks. In contrast to much of the evidence based on SVARs, I find that labor hours rise in response to positive productivity shocks and subsequently follow a hump shaped profile. This result is robust to a number of specification choices and provides new evidence in support of the standard RBC model.
The Impact of Level of Physical Therapist Assistant Involvement on Patient Outcomes Following Stroke.

Objective This study investigates if higher utilization of physical therapist assistants adversely affects patient outcomes in the acute rehabilitation setting for patients following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Methods Participants were admitted to 1 of 5 inpatient rehabilitation facilities following a CVA from 2008 to 2010. High physical therapist assistant use was defined as ≥20% of the physical therapist visits being provided by the physical therapist assistant for an episode of care. Multivariable regression techniques examined differences in functional outcome, discharge location, and length of stay between high and low physical therapist assistant use groups. Propensity scoring methods supplemented findings of the regression analyses. Results Of the 1561 participants, 496 (32%) had high physical therapist assistant involvement. Baseline participant characteristics such as age, sex, baseline motor function, and comorbidities did not differ between high and low physical therapist assistant use groups. After adjusting for patient characteristics, rehabilitation facility, and year, higher physical therapist assistant use did not adversely affect functional outcome or length of stay. Fewer conclusions can be drawn regarding discharge location, although there was no significant difference in discharge location between groups with high and low physical therapist assistant utilization. Propensity scoring methods supported the findings of the regression analyses. Conclusions Higher physical therapist assistant involvement in the rehabilitation of patients following CVA did not adversely affect functional outcome, increase length of stay, or reduce the likelihood of discharge to home from an inpatient rehabilitation facility. Impact The results demonstrate the value of the physical therapist assistant in the provision of physical therapy for patients with stroke in the inpatient rehabilitation setting. Higher involvement of the physical therapist assistant may provide cost savings while maintaining patient outcomes for this setting and population.
Management of a large delayed esophageal perforation in a fresh liver transplant patient with endoscopic placement of a nasopleural drainage tube-a case report.

Esophageal perforation in liver transplant recipients is a rare phenomenon. We herein report a case of an esophageal perforation due to Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in a liver-transplant recipient diagnosed 6 weeks post-transplant. A 2.5-cm mid-esophageal perforation communicating with large complex fluid collection in the pleural space was found. During endoscopy, 16Fr Salem Sump nasopleural tube (NP) was placed traversing through esophageal perforation into inferior aspect of the collection. Over the following 4 weeks, NP decompressed the cavity, allowed its closure and the tube was slowly retracted. By the end of 4 weeks, NP was removed with follow-up esophagogram showing no extravasation of contrast and a healed perforation. Hence, the esophageal perforation was successfully treated via this unique nonoperative approach without the need for major surgery. In instances of chronic leak with a stable patient, this nonoperative strategy should be considered even in immunocompromised patients.
Contradictions and Their Consequences: How Competing Policy Mandates Facilitate Use of a Punitive Framework in Domestic Violence-Child Maltreatment Cases.

Research shows child welfare cases involving caregiver domestic violence (DV) continue to produce punitive consequences for non-abusive adult victims. This occurs despite the adoption of a supporti...
Abstract 2700: Sulindac reverses an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment associated with metastatic mammary tumors in obese mice

Obesity is an established risk factor for several breast cancer (BC) subtypes. Obese BC patients also show poorer response to therapy, increased metastases, and increased mortality. While high levels of inflammation are thought to be a driver for BC metastasis, it is unknown how chronic exposure to low levels of obesity-associated inflammation contributes to BC progression and metastasis. We previously showed that treatment with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Sulindac (140 ppm mixed into control [10% kcal/fat] or diet induced obesity [DIO, 60% kcal/fat] diets) offset both the pro-growth and pro-metastatic effects of obesity on BC using three different mouse models of metastatic BC - basal-like E0771, and claudin-low metM-Wntlung and metM-Wntliver. To determine the effect of Sulindac treatment on the tumor microenvironment, we conducted gene expression microarray analysis on tumors from mice in all four diet groups (Control, Control+Sulindac, DIO, and DIO+Sulindac). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed significant decreases (q This research was supported by R35CA197627 to S.D. Hursting and T32LM012420 and F30CA225142 to S.B. McDonell. Citation Format: Shannon B. McDonell, Lydia K. Eisenbeis, Andrea N. Walens, Alyssa J. Cozzo, Stephen D. Hursting. Sulindac reverses an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment associated with metastatic mammary tumors in obese mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2700.
Selected contribution: Association of gender-related LMP2 inactivation with autoimmune pathogenesis.

Recent results in an animal model of autoimmune diabetes, the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, suggest a hypothesis to explain the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in autoimmunity. The ...
A minimum energy problem and Dirichlet spaces

We analyze a minimum energy problem for a discrete electrostatic model in the complex plane and discuss some applications. A natural characteristic distinguishing the state of minimum energy from other equilibrium states is established. It enables us to gain insight into the structure of positive trigonometric polynomials and Dirichlet spaces associated with finitely atomic measures. We also derive a related family of linear second order differential equations with polynomial solutions.
Integrating GIS and remote sensing techniques for urban land‐cover and land‐use analysis

Abstract The computer‐based GIS, with its remarkable ability to store, retrieve, manipulate and display vast quantities of spatial and attribute data, has become a very useful tool for urban planning. Yet the utility of GIS in urban planning and management is often hampered by a lack of current and sequential land‐cover and land use information. This is because most of the geographic information that is input to a GIS must be obtained from out‐dated maps. This problem could be overcome by satellite remote sensing technologies, such as the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and the SPOT High Resolution Visible (HRV), which are very useful for gathering land use and land cover information. However, satellite remote sensing techniques applied to land‐cover classification and land‐use mapping remain largely experimental since current per‐pixel multispectral algorithms are incapable of producing the requisite accuracy for urban and local planning. This paper discusses a relatively simple but accurate automated land‐...
Regulation of Chemokine mRNA Stability by Lipopolysaccharide and IL-10

IL-10 has been reported to inhibit the expression of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by altering the rate of specific mRNA decay although the molecular target(s) for its action remain unknown. In the present study, using primary peritoneal exudate macrophages and a cell culture model in which a tetracycline-responsive promoter controls transcription of CXC ligand 1 (KC) mRNA, we demonstrate that LPS promotes a time-dependent increase in KC mRNA stability. Although IL-10 had no direct effect on mRNA decay, this treatment antagonized the stabilizing action of LPS. The mechanisms involved were further explored using a cell-free mRNA degradation system. A 5'-capped, polyadenylated in vitro transcript derived from the 3'-untranslated region of KC mRNA exhibited time-dependent decay in the presence of protein extracts prepared from untreated RAW264.7 macrophages. Extracts prepared from LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells had reduced decay activity and this change was antagonized if the cells were costimulated with IL-10. A substrate in which the AU-rich element motifs were mutated exhibited minimal decay that did not vary using extracts prepared from cells treated with LPS or LPS and IL-10. A nonadenylated RNA substrate was also degraded and that activity was diminished by LPS. In concert, these findings demonstrate that KC mRNA stability is regulated by LPS-induced alterations in activities that govern both deadenylation and degradation of the mRNA body. The effects of IL-10 on KC mRNA stability reflect antagonism of the response to LPS.
A View From the Margins: Situating CTL Staff in Organizational Development

The authors explore assumptions that underlie work on organizational development in their field, which reveal hierarchical and homogenizing tendencies, despite commitments to inclusivity. Given that the aim of recent literature, such as Schroeder and Associates’ Coming in from the Margins, is to situate educational developers in relation to organizational development, and given the field's values, then both staff and directors must be considered. The authors examine how the margins can be valuable sites of knowledge production, highlighting the ways staff might contribute to organizational development. The authors hope that readers will gain several ideas for how to incorporate staff into organizational development.
Angular Momentum Transport in Accretion Disks

Potential angular momentum transport mechanisms in accretion disks are reviewed. It is argued that the most promising mechanism is a dynamodriven viscosity which involves the Balbus-Hawley instability as an essential ingredient.
Renal Collision and Composite Tumors: Imaging and Pathophysiology.

Objective To illustrate the imaging appearances of a spectrum of renal collision and composite tumors. Occurrence of collision and composite tumors in the genitourinary tract is rare compared to the usual occurrence of synchronous tumors. Methods Case studies were chosen that represent the different tumors. Analysis was made on both the imaging and the pathology if excision was performed. Results Presence of 2 different cell types can lead to confusing imaging findings, and biopsy or excision is typically needed for final diagnosis. Some composite tumors have a characteristic appearance on imaging based on their pathologic features. Conclusion Familiarity with imaging findings may help radiologists include these tumors in their differential diagnosis.
HYDROCEPHALUS IN ACHONDROPLASIA STUDIED BY CISTERNOGRAPHY

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) images were obtained in two patients with achondroplasia. Communicating hydrocephalus was present without ventricular stasis of the radiopharmaceutical. CSF diversionary shunts may not be indicated in the usual patient with achondroplasia and hydrocephalus. This diagnostic study offers future promise in predicting those patients who may benefit from a CSF diversionary shunt.
‘We don’t have any limits’: Russian young adult life narratives through a social generations lens

A social generation framework attends to how emergent historical patterns of social organization shape young adult contemporaries, noting shared strategies to constructing subjectivity within a common political, social, and economic milieu. However, the perspective has given scant attention to how young people engage in reflexive life management outside of well-documented Western contexts. Additionally, the framework needs further consideration of how youth lives are shaped by the social relations of globalization. To address these omissions, this article examines how educated, urban Russian young adults engage in reflexive life management. In drawing on a social generations rather than transitions approach, youth meaning-making is analyzed through grounded analysis rather than reliance on previously conceived categories. The study of youth reflexive life management can be reframed as a question: ‘what does making a life mean to educated urban post-adolescents in Russia?’ We explore how respondents interp...
Insulin-like growth factor-I enhances immune response in dexamethasone-treated or surgically stressed rats maintained with total parenteral nutrition

BACKGROUND New evidence suggests that insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an important regulator of immune response. Our objective was to determine the effects of IGF-I on immune response during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) using two stress models. METHODS Male, Sprague-Dawley rats (230 to 250 g) were given TPN with or without coinfusion of recombinant human IGF-I (800 micrograms/d for 6 days) and subjected to either dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, or surgical stress, in the form of a midline abdominal incision. In the dexamethasone model, immune response was assessed by total cellularity of the thymus and spleen, in vitro assays of lymphocyte proliferation, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) production, and concentrations of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in serum. In the surgical model, flow cytometry was used to identify and quantify splenic populations of T and B lymphocytes and macrophages. RESULTS In rats immunosuppressed by dexamethasone, IGF-I infusion increased mitogen-induced proliferation of thymocytes, but did not alter cellularity in the thymus; enhanced proliferation and IL-6 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells following treatment with concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide; and reduced the serum concentration of IL-6, but not TNF-alpha. In surgically stressed rats, IGF-I infusion restored the splenic populations of immature and mature B lymphocytes, which were decreased by TPN. CONCLUSIONS our data demonstrate that IGF-1 enhances immune response during TPN in rats.
Astronomy and kinematics in Plato's project of rationalist explanation

L'auteur analyse differentes notions d'"astronomie" et de "cinematique" telles que les emploie Platon. Afin de les concilier, il examine encore la notion d'"explication" chez Platon et chez Eudoxe.
Systematic optical study of InxGa1-xAs on InP using photoluminescence, photoreflectance, and micro-Raman spectroscopy

We present a systematic study of the optical and structural properties of InGaAs grown on InP:Fe by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE). The properties of these films were measured using photoluminescence, photoreflectance, and micro-Raman spectroscopy and correlated to double-crystal x-ray diffractometry. Lineshape analysis of low temperature Fourier transform photoluminescence (FTPL) allowed the identification of four optical transitions; bound exciton, donor-to-acceptor pair, and two bands which are impurity or defect related. The band-gap energy to XRD composition, relationship demonstrates films off the lattice match composition are under biaxial strain. Room temperature photoreflectance (PR) with a complex Airy functional model were used to directly yield band-gap energies (light and heavy hole). The complex Airy lineshapes were applied to both intermediate electric field (Franz-Keldysh oscillations) and low field PR spectra illustrating that the complex Airy analysis represents a generalized treatment. We correlate the band-gap energies from the PR spectral fits to those determined from PL measurements. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was performed in the and backscattering directions to identify four phonon modes; InAs-like TO (226 cm-1), InAs-like LO (233 cm-1), GaAs-like TO (255 cm-1), and GaAs-like LO (270 cm-1), and one alloy disorder mode R* (244 cm-1) for InGaAs on InP. For all five Raman features, a linear relationship between the Raman frequency and composition was determined for near lattice matched conditions (0.04 < 1 - x < 0.52).
ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN RECURRENCE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: RESULTS FROM A NOVEL, PROLONGED-USE AND WEARABLE ECG PATCH

Cardioversion and catheter ablation are important therapeutic strategies for the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) but both are associated with a significant risk of AF recurrence. Autonomic balance, which is affected by physical exertion, has been associated with AF recurrence. We hypothesized
Diresonance in production and scattering of heavy mesons

We consider the production and scattering amplitudes of heavy mesons in a situation, where there are two closely spaced narrow resonances, whose structure we refer to as a diresonance. Assuming strong overlapping of the resonances coupled to common channels, it is found, using the unitarity and analyticity constraints, that the production amplitudes by a weak source should have similar behavior with energy in different channels. In particular, the ratio of the coefficients for each pole contribution to the production amplitude is fixed at -1.
Effects of branched‐chain amino acids on protein turnover

Amino acid availability rapidly regulates protein synthesis and degradation. Increasing amino acid concentrations above the levels found in post-absorptive plasma stimulates protein synthesis in a dose-dependent manner at the level of mRNA translation-initiation and inhibits protein degradation by inhibiting lysosomal autophagy. The anabolic effects of insulin on protein synthesis and protein degradation are exerted at the same sites (i.e., peptide chain initiation and lysosomal stabilization) allowing for a rapid synergistic response when both amino acids and insulin increase after a protein-containing meal. In perfused liver preparations, protein anabolic effects are exerted by a group of amino acids acting in concert. The BCAA are among the amino acids required for stimulation of hepatic protein synthesis, but there is no evidence that BCAA or leucine alone are effective. Leucine alone is an important inhibitor of hepatic protein degradation, but maximal inhibition requires in addition several other regulatory amino acids. In heart and skeletal muscle in vitro, increasing the concentration of the three BCAA or of leucine alone reproduces the effects of increasing the supply of all amino acids in stimulating protein synthesis and inhibiting protein degradation. Skeletal muscle is the largest repository of metabolically active protein and a major contributor to total body nitrogen balance. Supplying energy alone (i.e., carbohydrate and lipids) cannot prevent negative nitrogen balance (net protein catabolism) in animals or humans; only provision of amino acids allows the attainment of nitrogen balance. In rats and in humans nourished parenterally, provision of balanced amino acid solutions or of only the three BCAA cause similar improvements in nitrogen balance for several days. There is some evidence that infusions of leucine alone can stimulate muscle protein synthesis in vivo; the effect may be transitory and was not observed by all investigators; provisions of excess leucine alone does not seem to affect total body or muscle protein degradation in vivo. In postabsorptive rats, in vivo, infusion of the three BCAA together stimulates muscle protein synthesis as much as the infusion of a complete amino acid mixture or of a mixture of essential amino acids; the in vivo effect requires coinfusion of glucose or of small (physiological) doses of insulin, suggesting synergism between insulin and amino acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
2-Aminopurine Overrides a Late Telophase Delay Created by Ectopic Expression of the PITSLREβ1 Protein Kinase

Abstract Minimal overexpression of the PITSLREβ1 protein kinase in CHO cells to a marked delay in late mitosis. We have previously shown that this delay is characterized by the presence of substantially increased numbers of tubulin midbodies, inhibition of cytokinesis, and numerous multinucleated and micronucleated cells. Others have shown that the protein kinase inhibitor 2-aminopurine (2-AP) is capable of overriding drug induced cell cycle blocks. In this study we demonstrate that the late mitotic delay and altered cellular morphology caused by ectopic expression of the PITSLREβ1 protein kinase can be overcome by 2-aminopurine treatment. Furthermore, 2-aminopurine inhibits PITSLREβ1 protein kinase activity in vivo, but does not effect p34cdc2 protein kinase activity in a similar manner.
Comparison of long-term quality of life of pediatric burn survivors with and without inhalation injury.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term quality of life of pediatric burn survivors with and without inhalation injuries. We hypothesized that patients with inhalation injury would report more disability and lower quality of life. METHODS: We examined 51 patients with inhalation injury and 72 without inhalation injury who had burns of ≥10% total body surface area, were age ≥16 years at time of the interview, and were greater than 5 years from injury. Subjects completed the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale II (WHODAS II) and the Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B). Multiple regression analyses were used to measure the effects of inhalation injury while controlling for age at burn and TBSA. RESULTS: The mean age of burn of participants with inhalation injury was 11.7±3.6 years, mean TBSA 55%±18, and mean ventilator days 8.4±9. The mean age of burn of participants without inhalation injury was 10.3±34.1 years, mean TBSA 45%±20, and mean ventilator days 1.3±5.2. Inhalation injury did not appear to significantly impact participants' scores on the majority of the domains. The WHODAS II domain of household activities showed a significant relation with TBSA (p=0.01). Increased size of burn was associated with difficulty completing tasks for both groups. The BSHS-B domain of treatment regimen showed a relation with age at burn (p=0.02). Increased age was associated difficulty in this area for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Overall the groups were comparable in their reports of disability and quality of life. Inhalation injury did not affect long-term quality of life. Language: en
Gaussian process method for form error assessment using coordinate measurements

A Gaussian process method for modeling and assessing form errors is presented. The Gaussian process method decomposes a geometric feature into three components: designed geometric form, systematic manufacturing errors and random manufacturing errors. It models the systematic manufacturing errors as a spatial model using a Gaussian correlation function and models the random manufacturing errors as independent identically distributed noises. Based on a handful of coordinate measurements, the Gaussian process model reconstructs the part surface and assesses the form error better than traditional methods. The Gaussian process method also provides an empirical distribution of the form error, allowing engineers to quantify the decision risk on part acceptance. This method works for generic geometric features. The method is implemented on two common features: a straight and a round feature. Simulated datasets as well as actual coordinate measuring machine data are used to demonstrate the improvement achieved by ...
3-D Optical Measurement Using Phase Shifting Based Methods

We review some of our most recent works on 3-D shape measurement using the digital fringe projection and phase-shifting method. First, we introduce the measurement principle and phase-shifting algorithms. Then we discuss an effective method for phase error compensation and a novel idea for system calibration. Finally, we describe a 3-D shape measurement system for high-resolution, real-time 3-D shape acquisition, reconstruction and display.
Behaviour of ion velocity distributions for a simple collision model

Calculation of the ion velocity distributions for a weakly ionized plasma subjected to crossed electric and magnetic fields. An exact solution to Boltzmann's equation has been obtained by replacing the Boltzmann collision integral with a simple relaxation model. At altitudes above about 150 km, where the ion collision frequency is much less than the ion cyclotron frequency, the ion distribution takes the shape of a torus in velocity space for electric fields greater than 40 mV/m. This shape persists for one to two hours after application of the electric field. At altitudes where the ion collision and cyclotron frequencies are approximately equal (about 120 km), the ion velocity distribution is shaped like a bean for large electric field strengths. This bean-shaped distribution persists throughout the lifetime of ionospheric electric fields. These highly non-Maxwellian ion velocity distributions may have an appreciable affect on the interpretation of ion temperature measurements.
Tools for parameter studies in fluid dynamics

SUMMARY Several computational methods to aid analysis of steady state problems in fluid dynamics are demonstrated. These include tracking of selected flow states; computing linearized parameter sensitivities and frequency response to forced parameter perturbations; and determining the topology of a flow by systematically locating critical points of the velocity vector field. The primary concern addressed by these methods is analysis of collections of steady state solutions obtained through parameter studies, rather than analysis of an isolated solution. In this regard, these methods are intended to answer the criticism sometimes made that solutions obtained by numerical methods do not lend insight to parameter effects so easily as do traditional methods. Dip coating, slot coating, and a prototype of forward roll coating (a lid-driven cavity with throughflow) are used to demonstrate application of the methods. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation analysis of order and kanban sequencing rules in a Kanban-controlled flow shop

This paper presents a simulation study of several customer order and kanban sequencing/selection rules in a kanban-controlled flow shop. Kanbans are used to authorize production within a work cente...
Interaction between proton tunneling and optical phonons in KH 2 PO 4

The atomic motions which determine spontaneous polarizationP s in clamped KH2PO4 or KD2PO4 are assumed to be tunneling of protons between minima of a double-wellH-bond potential, coupled to phonons belonging to the lowest transverse optic branch. The configuration HamiltonianH p of the protons is written in Ising spin representation, and mixed spin-phonon energies are obtained by using the linearized equation-of-motion method, the lowest of these energies diminishing asT→T c —in greement with Raman measurements. The mixed mode energies depend on 〈Z〉, the degree of proton order. By differentiating the self-consistent equation for 〈Z〉, one can showdP s /dT→—∞ at a pointT c whereP s >0, so that the transition is first order.T c thus identified can be expanded in powers of Γ, and it is found that if the expansion converges rapidly, the spin-phonon coupling should diminish the isotope effect onT c and contribute positively to the dependence ofP s at 0 °K on tunneling factor Γ.
Preferential approach to conspecifics as a function of different rearing conditions

Forty-six White Leghorn chicks were tested at 48 h posthatch to determine their ability to discriminate and preferentially respond to individual companions and strangers. In the first experiment, socially reared chicks showed no preference when allowed a simultaneous choice between either a familiar or an unfamiliar socially reared chick. In the second experiment, socially reared chicks preferred (p = .012) an unfamiliar socially reared chick to an unfamiliar chick reared in isolation. In the third experiment, chicks reared in isolation preferred (p = .036) a socially reared chick to an isolation-reared chick. Results indicate that chicks 48 h old respond to others on the basis of behavioral as well as morphological characteristics.
Developmental Differences in Preferences for Using Color, Size, and Location Information to Disambiguate Hiding Places

We conducted four experiments to examine developmental differences in preferences for using color, size, and location information to disambiguate hiding places. Three- and 4-year-olds and adults described how to find a miniature mouse that was hidden in one of two highly similar small objects in a dollhouse. In Experiment 1, the hiding places could be disambiguated by either color or location. Three-year-olds preferred color to location whereas adults preferred location to color information. Four-year-olds showed no preferences. In Experiment 2, the hiding places could be disambiguated by either size or location. Four-year-olds preferred size to location information whereas adults preferred location to size information. Three-year-olds showed no preferences. In Experiment 3, the hiding places could be disambiguated by either color or size information. Adults preferred size to color information, but 3- and 4-year-olds showed no preference for either type of information. Experiment 4 revealed that when only...
Protein synthesis initiation in eucaryotic cells: a comparative study of the mechanism of peptide chain initiation using cell-free systems from mouse ascites tumor cells and rabbit reticulocytes.

Abstract Peptide chain initiation factors were partially purified from the high salt wash of the ascites tumor cell ribosomes, and the characteristics of peptide chain initiation were compared using the ascites and reticulocytes initiation factors and Met-tRNA f arrange staggered Met from reticulocytes, ascites, and yeast. The results are: (i) The ascites peptide chain initiation factor EIF (eucaryotic initiation factor)-1 binds Met-tRNA f arrange staggered Met in the presence of GTP. The crude initiation factor preparation also contains nonspecific RNA binding protein which also binds [ 35 S]Met-tRNA f arrange staggered Met in the absence of GTP. This nonspecific RNA binding protein is progressively removed during purification of EIF-1. (ii) The ternary complex Met-tRNA f arrange staggered Met · EIF-1 · GTP formed with the partially purified Met-tRNA f arrange staggered Met binding factor dissociates extensively upon addition of Mg 2+ . This dissociation reaction is also observed when the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog GMP-PCP is used in place of GTP. (iii) A Co-EIF-1 activity similar to that described in the reticulocyte system is present in the high salt wash of ascites ribosomes and has been partially purified. Addition of either ascites or reticulocyte Co-EIF-1 stimulates the Met-tRNA f arrange staggered Met binding to both ascites and reticulocyte EIF-1. The ternary complex formed with either reticulocyte or ascites purified EIF-1 breaks down extensively in the presence of 3 × 10 −5 , m aurintricarboxylic acid. However, when both EIF-1 and Co-EIF-1 are present, the complex is almost completely resistant to aurintricarboxylic acid (3 × 10 −5 , m ). (iv) The partially purified ascites peptide chain initiation factor preparation efficiently catalyzes Met-tRNA f arrange staggered Met binding to 40 S ribosomes and such binding is strongly AUG dependent. The Met-tRNA f arrange staggered Met · 40 S · AUG complex upon addition of 60 S ribosome forms an 80 S initiation complex active in methionine-puromycin synthesis at low concentrations of Mg 2+ .
Comparing two aggregate planning models

Abstract The sensitivity of the linear programming (LP) model to forecast errors in aggregate planning (AP) is evaluated and its performance compared with that of the production switching heuristic (PSH) model. Two versions of the PSH, the popular three-level model and a two-level extension, are considered. While the LP tends to outperform the PSH in situations with high forecast errors, the performances of the models are comparable for low to moderate forecast errors. The use of an additional production and workforce level in the PSH is not justified unless forecast errors are high. A variation in the forecast error distribution had no significant effect on these findings.
Comparison of thioridazine and diazepam in the control of nonpsychotic symptoms associated with senility: double-blind study.

The effects of thioridazine (average dosage 38.9 mg daily) and of diazepam (average dosage 9.0 mg daily) were studied by the double-blind method for four weeks in 56 hospitalized geriatric patients who had behavioral symptoms associated with senility. Clinical assessment was made by the psychiatrists' modified Hamilton Anxiety Scale for specific psychiatric symptoms and by the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Behavior, with a global rating for each. On the Hamilton Scale, the thioridazine patients improved more than the diazepam patients with regard to anxiety, tension, fears, behavior at interviews, overall mental illness and global change, whereas the diazepam patients improved more with regard to insomnia, intellect, depressed mood and agitation. The NOSIE ratings favored thioridazine. The only side effects observed were drowsiness during the first week in 2 thioridazine patients receiving 60 mg daily and in 4 diazepam patients receiving 18 mg daily; one of the diazepam patients also had slurred speech for the first week. The conclusion is that in the relatively low dosage employed in this series, thioridazine will improve behavioral symptoms in senile patients without the added stress of oversedation or other side effects.
Convergence in probability of random power series and a related problem in linear topological spaces

A linear topological space is said to have the circle property if every power series with coefficients in it has a circle of convergence. Every complete locally convex or locally bounded space has the circle property, but not a certain class ofF-spaces including the space of all random variables on a non-atomic probability space, endowed with the topology of convergence in probability.
Error Analysis for Visual Odometry on Indoor, Wheeled Mobile Robots With 3-D Sensors

The objective of this paper is to improve the visual odometry performance through the analysis of the sensor noise and the propagation of an error through the entire visual odometry system. The visual odometry algorithm is implemented on an indoor, wheeled mobile robot (WMR) constrained to planar motion, and uses an integrated color-depth (RGB-D) camera, and a one-point (1-pt), 3 degree-of-freedom inverse kinematic solution, enabling a closed-form bound on the propagated error. There are three main contributions of this paper. First, feature location errors for the RGB-D camera are quantified. Second, these feature location errors are propagated through the entire visual odometry algorithm. Third, the visual odometry performance is improved by using the predicted error to weight individual 1-pt solutions. The error bounds and the improved visual odometry scheme are experimentally verified on a WMR. Using the error-weighting scheme, the proposed visual odometry algorithm achieves the performance of approximately $\hbox{1.5}\%$ error, without the use of iterative, outlier-rejection tools.
Locus and limits of syntactic microvariation

Abstract A central hypothesis of the Minimalist Program is that syntactic principles are constant across languages. Apparent syntactic variation would be reducible to variation in the lexicon, in particular variation in morphosyntactic features, and variation at the level of phonological interpretation (PF), in particular in the way syntactic structure is spelled out. This hypothesis invites large-scale microcomparative syntactic research, as minor morphosyntactic differences between closely related language varieties are expected to cause syntactic variation, such as variation in word order. In this paper, the hypothesis is tested against the data of the Syntactic Atlas of the Dutch Dialects (SAND), a project in which over 100 syntactic variables in 267 dialects of Dutch were investigated. In four case studies, involving complementizer drop, one -insertion, strong reflexives and doubling in Wh-chains, it is shown that most of syntactic variation can indeed be reduced to lexicon and PF, but that there is a residue of variation in the syntactic module concerning the size of the constituents that are copied in movement operations. Two further conclusions are that syntax plays a role in the lexicon in that it determines the limits of lexical variation and that part of syntactic variation must be explained by language-external factors.