cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two Sites of Interaction of Anions with Cytochrome a in Oxidized Bovine Cytochrome c Oxidase

An interaction between cytochrome a in oxidized cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) and anions has been characterized by EPR spectroscopy. Those anions that affect the EPR g = 3 signal of cytochrome a can be divided into two groups. One group consists of halides (Cl-, Br-, and I-) and induces an upfield shift of the g = 3 signal. Nitrogen-containing anions (CN-, NO2-, N3-, NO3-) are in the second group and shift the g = 3 signal downfield. The shifts in the EPR spectrum of CcO are unrelated to ligand binding to the binuclear center. The binding properties of one representative from each group, azide and chloride, were characterized in detail. The dependence of the shift on chloride concentration is consistent with a single binding site in the isolated oxidized enzyme with a Kd of approximately 3 mm. In mitochondria, the apparent Kd was found to be about four times larger than that of the isolated enzyme. The data indicate it is the chloride anion that is bound to CcO, and there is a hydrophilic size-selective access channel to this site from the cytosolic side of the mitochondrial membrane. An observed competition between azide and chloride is interpreted by azide binding to three sites: two that are apparent in the x-ray structure plus the chloride-binding site. It is suggested that either Mg2+ or Arg-438/Arg-439 is the chloride-binding site, and a mechanism for the ligand-induced shift of the g = 3 signal is proposed.
Behavioral and employment consequences of driver's license suspension for drinking driving offenders

A telephone survey of 416 drinking driving offenders was conducted to determine whether or not license suspension was associated with unemployment or job instability. Half of the subjects were convicted offenders who had undergone suspension, and half were offenders who were recently arrested and had not undergone suspension. These two groups were compared regarding incidence and length of unemployment during the prior year. Groups did not differ significantly on incidence or length of unemployment. Frequency of driving was compared between the two groups. Although 69% of suspended offenders admitted driving under suspension, reported frequency of driving was less for suspended than nonsuspended offenders. Costs and perceived social and economic consequences of conviction and suspension were examined. Additionally, disposition of the DUI charges was determined for the recently arrested group, and associations between socioeconomic variables and disposition were determined.
Human milk secretory immunoglobulin A to Shigella virulence plasmid-coded antigens

Although antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide antigens of Shigella have been demonstrated in human milk, such antibodies do not explain the putative protective effect of breast-feeding against symptomatic Shigella infection. Shigella species do not share related lipopolysaccharides, but they do possess closely related virulence plasmids that code for the proteins essential for cell invasion. We therefore sought to determine the frequency, amount, and duration of excretion of human milk antibodies to these shared virulence plasmid-associated antigens in populations of different rates of Shigella infection frequency (Mexico City, high; Houston, low). Such antibodies were present in the milk of virtually all the Mexican women but also were present in a large proportion of milk samples from the women living in Houston. The amounts of these antibodies were highest in colostrum but after 2 weeks of lactation fell to stable levels. The frequency and persistence of these antibodies in the milk of the women from Houston suggest that the memory and drive for secretion of these antibodies is extremely long lived.
Distinctive Cytopathology of ECHO Viruses Types 22 and 23.

SummaryThe cytopathology of ECHO 22 and 23 was compared with other enteroviruses and found to be distinctive. The important differentiating features appeared in the nucleus. An eventual disappearance of the nucleolus and nuclear chromatin and a thickening and increase in staining intensity of the nuclear membrane resulted in appearance of an 'empty' nucleus. Seven isolates of ECHO 22 were found to have similar cytopathic changes. It is suggested that detailed study of the cytopathic effect of viruses in tissue culture may play an important role in relating new agents to the enterovirus group.
Sex Discrimination after Death

Death notices and obituaries published during the same calendar month (March, 1975) by daily newspapers in Boston and New York were examined for possible sex bias. A clear pattern of male preference was found. A disproportionately low number of women received obituaries, and female obituaries were also shorter. The likelihood of a recently deceased male receiving an obituary with a photograph was approximately ten times greater than that of a female. These results suggest that terminal rites of passage tend to confirm and perpetuate rather than challenge or transfigure previously existing values. Discussion includes possible use of obituaries as an unobtrusive measure of social change, as well as some aspects of the death system's involvement in discriminatory policies.
Optical Evidence for a Network of Cracklike Voids in Amorphous Germanium

The electrodynamic phenomenon of void resonance is used to interpret anomalous structure reported by Donovan and co-workers in the uv dielectric constants of evaporated amorphous germanium. The resulting void parameters are consistent with the existence of a connected network of microcracks perhaps 6 \AA{} in width, separating much larger islands of void-free material. The origin and consequences of these fissures are discussed, including the expectation that several film properties are anisotropic.
Testing Web applications by modeling with FSMs

Researchers and practitioners are still trying to find effective ways to model and test Web applications. This paper proposes a system-level testing technique that combines test generation based on finite state machines with constraints. We use a hierarchical approach to model potentially large Web applications. The approach builds hierarchies of Finite State Machines (FSMs) that model subsystems of the Web applications, and then generates test requirements as subsequences of states in the FSMs. These subsequences are then combined and refined to form complete executable tests. The constraints are used to select a reduced set of inputs with the goal of reducing the state space explosion otherwise inherent in using FSMs. The paper illustrates the technique with a running example of a Web-based course student information system and introduces a prototype implementation to support the technique.
Crystal and molecular structure of triphenyl 4,4,6-Trimetliyl-1-oxa-3-azaeyeiohex-2-enylcarbenyl phosphonium chloride

The structure of the title compound has been determined by a single crystal, x-ray diffraction study. The compound crystallizes in a monoclinic unit cell of P21/c symmetry and dimensions, a = 9.832 ± .001 A, b = 15.398 ± .001 A, c = 19.762 ± .002 A, and β= 123.06 ± .01 ° with four molecules per unit cell. The 1633 statistically significant reflections (from a total of 2743 out to 20 = 100°) refined to a final value of R = 0.053. The molecule itself consists of a chloride ionically bonded to a cation containing a tetrahedral phosphorus bound to three phenyl rings and a fourth oxazine ring. It is the latter ring which displays extensive derealization as discussed in the paper.
Anode material outgassing at 250 A/cm 2 current density under UHV conditions

Summary form only given. This presentation describes a study on gas evolution of plasma expansion in a reflex-triode virtual cathode oscillator (vircator) at ultra-high vacuum (UHV). Research has shown that explosive electron emission (EEE) processes at the cathode and ion / electron bombardment at the anode cause material erosion that produces regions of localized plasma. This plasma expansion has shown to lower gap impedance, cut off microwave performance and spoil low vacuum levels over time1. The goal of the study is to identify the gas species and their sources to better understand and limit the negative effects of plasma expansion in sealed tubes. The vacuum tube under investigation is a triode-geometry vircator with 20 cm2 cathode surface, driven by a 80 J Marx Generator with an approximate peak voltage and current, and pulse width of 200 kV and 5 kA, and 200 ns, respectively.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme and wound healing in diverse tissues of the rat.

Abstract Autoradiographic binding density of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an indirect measure of ACE activity, is markedly increased at sites of fibrous tissue that appear in the injured heart. This includes myocardial infarction (MI) caused by left coronary artery ligation; endocardial fibrosis of the interventricular septum and perivascular fibrosis of intramyocardial coronary arterioles of the right ventricle, each of which appear remote to MI; and pericardial fibrosis after pericardiotomy (without MI). Expressed in fibroblast-like cells found at each site of tissue repair, ACE may be common to tissue repair in the rat heart, irrespective of the etiologic basis of injury. To address this hypothesis and to determine whether this also applies to other tissues (skin and kidney), the present study was undertaken. ACE binding density was measured by quantitative in vitro autoradiography ( 125 I-351A) in injured rat heart, skin, and kidney. Experimental observations included foreign-body fibrosis after placement of silk ligature in skin or myocardium, endomyocardial myocyte necrosis and fibrosis that accompanied isoproterenol administration (1 mg/kg sc × 2 days), and embolic infarction of the kidney as a result of mural thrombus of the left ventricle that appeared after anterior MI. Fibrosis was identified by collagen-specific staining with picrosirius red. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical labeling with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) antibody were used to address cell morphology and phenotype, respectively. We found (1) endomyocardial fibrosis 2 weeks after isoproterenol; (2) fibrosis surrounding silk suture in heart and skin 1 week after placement; (3) renal infarction 1 week after left coronary artery ligation; (4) numerous fibroblast-like cells containing α-SMA, as well as macrophages, at sites of repair in all tissues studied; and (5) markedly increased ACE binding density at each of these sites. Thus ACE is integral to tissue repair in the heart, skin, and kidney of the rat, irrespective of the etiologic basis of injury. At these sites ACE may serve to regulate local concentrations of substances involved in tissue repair.
Role of Interferon-? in Cutaneous Trafficking of Lymphocytes With Emphasis on Molecular and Cellular Adhesion Events

Interferons (IFNs) are receiving increasing attention by dermatologists for both therapeutic applications,1as well as for investigations of their role as potential mediators of inflammation and cellular proliferation (an International Dermatology Symposium on "Interferons and Related Lymphokines" is planned for October 1989 in Berlin). As Shiohara et al in this issue of theArchivesindicate, IFNs may be important in psoriasis.2In a previous editorial I reviewed this topic and concluded that due to the multiplicity of biologic effects of IFNs, more basic scientific knowledge was required to determine the role(s) of IFNs in skin diseases.3One of the major new developments that was previously alluded to involves the ability of IFN-γ to modulate T lymphocyte trafficking in the skin.3This editorial focuses primarily on the role of INF-γ in modulating the accumulation of peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocytes (PBML) in the skin, and is divided
Pressure regulates osteoclast formation and MCSF expression in marrow culture

One of the forces generated during skeletal loading is hydrostatic pressure. In the work presented here, the ability of increased pressure to influence recruitment of osteoclasts was evaluated. Murine marrow cultures, with pO2 and pCO2 kept constant, were subjected to either control (1.0 atm) or elevated (1.37 or 2.0 atm) hydrostatic pressure. As compared to control, cultures pressurized for 6 days at 1.37 atm formed less osteoclast-like cells (OCLC) (71 +/- 6% of control, P < 0.0001). A similar degree of inhibition occurred in cultures exposed to pressure during days 2-4 only (62 +/- 6%), while treatment during days 5-7 failed to inhibit the OCLC number relative to control (99 +/- 5%). Delivery of 2.0 atm pressure on days 2-4 generated 52 +/- 4% OCLC compared to control. Since macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF)-dependent proliferation of osteoclast precursors occurs during the pressure-sensitive period, semiquantitative RT-PCR for MCSF mRNA was performed after 3 days in 1.37 atm (days 2-4). As compared to controls, pressure caused a decrease in mRNA coding for the membrane bound form of MCSF (71.2 +/- 4% (n = 25, P < or = 0.05), while the MCSF RT-PCR product representing the secreted form showed no consistent change. This lack of response of the soluble MCSF RT-PCR product was expected, as levels of bioassayable MCSF were not altered by pressure. Extrapolating these data to in vivo conditions suggests that load-bearing will inhibit the formation of osteoclasts.
Changes in psychiatric diagnoses from admission to discharge: review of the charts of 159 patients consecutively admitted to a geriatric psychiatry inpatient unit

The diagnosis of psychopathology among geriatric acute inpatients requires comprehensive evaluation. To our knowledge, no recently published papers in the geriatric psychiatry literature have systematically examined diagnostic changes during single admissions. We reviewed the charts of 159 patients consecutively admitted to an acute geriatric psychiatry unit over 18 months. We recorded admission diagnoses from initial treatment plans, and discharge diagnoses from discharge summaries. Mean patient age was 80 years and average length of stay was 17 days. The most common primary diagnoses were psychotic and depressive disorders. The most common secondary diagnoses were dementias and depressive disorders. Primary diagnoses changed from admission to discharge in 31 patients (20%), and secondary diagnoses changed in 76 patients (48%). There was a significant change involving the diagnosis of dementia, but not that of depressive or psychotic disorders. A large proportion of inpatients had their diagnoses altered, especially those involving dementias, during hospitalization. Inpatient admission may be valuable for clarifying the diagnoses of elderly psychiatric patients.
A reexamination of the temperature dependence of the reaction of N+ with O2

Abstract The rate constants for the reaction of N+ with O2 have been measured as a function of temperature (200–1400 K) in a selected ion flow tube (SIFT) and high temperature flowing afterglow (HTFA). The datasets agree well with each other and the rate constants exhibit little temperature dependence. This is in contrast to two previous experiments at elevated temperature that reported the rate constant increased with temperature up to 1000 K. A small part of the difference is explained by the absence of a thermal transpiration correction in the original measurements. The new data implies that rotational and translational energy both have little influence on the reactivity. The equivalent nature of the two types of energy is expected from studies on other systems. Vibrational excitation appears to increase the rate constants to near collisional. The branching ratios measured in the SIFT are in good agreement with previous drift tube results and show that rotational and translational energy have little effect on the individual channels.
Caffeine increases the motivation to obtain non-drug reinforcers in rats.

Abstract Background : Caffeine is widely considered to be a reinforcer in humans, but this effect is difficult to measure in non-human animals. We hypothesized that caffeine may have dual reinforcing effects comparable to nicotine – limited primary reinforcing effects, but potent reinforcement enhancing effects. The present studies tested this hypothesis by investigating the effect of caffeine on responding for non-drug rewards. Methods : In two experiments, rats were shaped to respond on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule for sucrose solution (20%, w/v; Experiment 1) or a fixed ratio 2 (FR2) schedule for a moderately reinforcing visual stimulus (VS; Experiment 2). Pretreatment with various doses of caffeine (0–50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) were administered prior to tests over successive week days (M-F). In Experiment 1, acute administration of low-moderate caffeine doses (6.25–25 mg/kg) increased responding for sucrose under the PR schedule. This effect of caffeine declined over the initial 15 test days. In Experiment 2, only acute pretreatment with 12.5 mg/kg caffeine increased responding for the visual stimulus and complete tolerance to this effect of caffeine was observed over the 15 days of testing. In follow up tests we found that abstinence periods of 4 and 8 days resulted in incomplete recovery of the enhancing effects of caffeine. Conclusion : The findings suggest that caffeine enhances the reinforcing effects of non-drug stimuli, but that the pharmacological profile of these effects may differ from other psychomotor stimulants.
SU-E-T-446: Effect of Dose Calculation Grid Size Variability on the Specification of Spinal Cord Dose Tolerance for Spinal Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the dose grid resolution variability on the spinal cord dose for spinal SBRTtreatments.Method: 10 CyberKnife plans were selected for the proximity of the PTV to the spinal cord. All dose distributions were calculated with Monte Carlo using high spatial resolution and minimal relative uncertainty. The plans were renormalized to a 16 Gy prescription dose and to ensure a target coverage > 95% in order to compare the calculated dose distributions. Each dose matrix was resampled 12 times, covering a grid resolution range of 0.95 mm to 13.52 mm. The spinal cord DVHs were generated for each resampled dose grid. The variations of the maximum point dose (DmaxCord) and dose‐coverage to partial volumes (D[V]) up to 5 cc were investigated against the grid resolution. Results: The mean variation of DmaxCord with grid resolution is characterized by an inverse power law, with a sharp initial decrease leading to potentially large underestimates of DmaxCord (24%, 40% and 55% at resolutions of 2 mm, 4 mm and 8 mm). The variability of mean D[V] values decreases from smaller to larger grid resolutions, however large disparities are observed between patient plans. We introduced the variability threshold volume (Vth) as a constraint to express the dose coverage independently from the grid resolution. For resolutions up to 8 mm, the mean Vth value is (0.96±0.10) cc with a corresponding dose coverage of (26± 12) % relative to the initial DmaxCord value. Conclusions:Dose distributions calculated with grid resolutions larger than 2 mm could Result in significant underestimates of DmaxCord. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the dose coverage to grid resolution variability is patient dependent. Consequently, a specified cord dose tolerance should be quoted at a particular grid resolution uniformly adopted between institutions; 2 mm or less is an appropriate value.
Gastric morphology in ulcer patients receiving misoprostol.

The effects of misoprostol on human gastric antral mucosa were investigated in patients with established diagnoses of either gastric or duodenal ulcer. All patients had pretreatment biopsy. After starting treatment with misoprostol, antral biopsies were taken at four and eight weeks and were fixed in formaldehyde. Following fixation and routine tissue processing, the slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A pathologist from the laboratory preparing the slides reviewed the slides and prepared surgical pathology reports. An identical slide of each biopsy was sent to pathologists at G.D. Searle and Company who were unaware of the diagnoses and who issued an independent descriptive report. Representative cases are presented for discussion. Misoprostol was administered at doses of 100 or 200 micrograms for four or eight weeks. No cellular or mucosal changes were observed. Both groups of pathologists were unable to recognize any dose-related or structural alterations. No special studies were performed on these tissues due to their fixation and sample size. Infiltration of the mucosa by chronic inflammatory cells with a variable number of granulocytes was the most common finding. There were a few cases of goblet cell metaplasia and mild hyperplasia both before and after treatment. By the application of histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods it is hoped that the constituents in mucus and specialized cells can be identified.
The effect of biaxial loading on the critical resolved shear stress of zinc single crystals

Abstract This paper reports an experimental investigation to test the hypothesis that the critical resolved shear stress is independent of the resolved normal stress on the active slip system plane. The resolved normal stress is varied independently for crystals of constant orientation by applying a uniform biaxial tension stress through slitted rubber strips glued to a flat tension sample. It is found that the critical resolved shear stress is constant until the resolved normal stress on the active slip system becomes twice the resolved shear stress; and then, for further increases in the resolved normal stress, the critical resolved shear stress begins to decrease.
Power-efficient Noise-insensitive Optical Modulation for High-sensitivity Laser Communications§

We demonstrate power-efficient noise-insensitive optical waveform generation from directly modulated lasers combined with periodic time-frequency windowing. Real-time experiments with direct FPGA-driven lasers achieve near-theoretical communication performance at Gbit/s rates using flexible and scalable transceiver designs.
Reliability-importance and dual failure-mode components

There are several measures of the importance of a component within a system in determining system reliability; these measures include structural importance, marginal reliability-importance. Some reliability-importance, and link importance. These measures are reviewed and then related to each other. Extensions are proposed to each importance measure to cover reliability models in which the components have two failure-modes rather than the conventional one failure-mode; these extensions have properties similar to those in the one failure-mode model.
DIPOLE RELAXATION IN CAF2 DOPED WITH NAF.

Abstract : A previously unreported loss peak in polycrystalline CaF2 was observed by both dielectric loss and internal friction methods. Earlier investigators reported that O(--) and A1(3+) can each form different impurity vacancy pairs which cause Debye-type losses in CaF2. In this study the addition of sodium fluoride to CaF2 caused a loss peak at higher frequencies, for the same temperature, than other loss peaks reported.
Human BDNF Isoforms are Differentially Expressed in Cocaine Addicts and are Sorted to the Regulated Secretory Pathway Independent of the Met66 Substitution

Differential BDNF gene (BDNF) promoter use leads to protein isoforms differing by 8 or 15 N-terminal residues (BDNF1 and BDNF2) whose regulation and function are not completely understood versus the well-known 247-aa BDNF “short” form. To describe how BDNF isoform levels were regulated by chronic drug use, we measured BDNF isoform-specific mRNA levels in different human brain regions from cocaine addicts relative to age, race, and gender-matched controls. The cocaine group had threefold higher levels of exon 4-specific (BDNF Short) mRNAs in cerebellum versus controls (P < 0.01). In cortex, exon 4 and exon 1-specific BDNF mRNA levels (BDNF1) were significantly reduced in the cocaine group relative to controls (40%, P < 0.01). We also tested the hypothesis that the signal peptides of isoforms BDNF1 and BDNF2 confer different functional properties and determined if the functional Val66Met polymorphism influenced these functions. In contrast to transfected AtT-20 cells producing BDNF Short, regulated secretion of BDNF1 or BDNF2 was not affected by the Met66 substitution. Hippocampal neurons producing BDNF1 or BDNF2 on either the Val66 or Met66 background were similarly distributed in dendrites and had similar colocalization patterns with the secretory granule marker Sec II. This pattern differed from neurons producing BDNF Short Met66, which had impaired trafficking. Together, these findings support a mechanism by which variant BDNF proteins can overcome the functional defect of the Met66 substitution and suggest how functional differences in BDNF may impact brain responses in disease.
Proximity-based sentiment analysis

Sentiment analysis seeks to characterize opinionated or evaluative aspects of natural language text thus helping people to discover valuable information from large amounts of unstructured data [1]. In this paper we explore a new methodology for sentiment analysis called proximity-based sentiment analysis. We take a different approach, by considering a new set of features based on word proximities in a written text. We propose three proximity-based features, namely, proximity distribution, mutual information between proximity types, and proximity patterns. We applied this approach to the analysis of movie reviews. Our experimental results show that proximity-based sentiment analysis is able to extract sentiments from a specific domain, with performance comparable to the state-of-the-art. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at focusing on only proximity based features as the primary features in sentiment analysis.
Increased susceptibility of mice to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus after peripheral inoculation

Abstract Subcutaneous inoculation of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus was rarely fatal, but the mortality after intracerebral inoculation was high. In mice which were incoulated subcutaneously and later challenged intracerebrally with the UBC strain of LCM virus, the outcome depended upon the interval between the two inoculations. If the interval was less than 4 days, most of the mice died; furthermore the survival time of these mice, measured from the time of the first inoculation (subcutaneous), was the same as that of mice which received only an intracerebral inoculation. Seven days after a subcutaneous inoculation of virus, mice were resistant to intracerebral challenge. The effects of variation in virus dosage, strain of virus, and route of challenge on the above system were investigated, and the growth curves of virus in the brains of mice subjected to different virus treatments were determined. To explain the pathogenesis of LCM in mice, it is suggested that inoculation of virus leads to the evocation of some form of susceptibility or sensitivity as well as to virus multiplication; fatal disease occurs only when an appropriate state of sensitivity coincides with a high virus concentration.
Deformations of enveloping algebra of Lie superalgebra sl(m,n)

Theq-deformations of the universal enveloping algebra ofsl(m, n) are considered, a Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt type theorem is proved for these deformations, and the extra relations which are needed to definesl(m, n) as a contragredient algebra in addition to the Serre-type relations are identified with proof.
Deficiency of inducible NO synthase reduces advanced but not early atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice

The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is abundantly expressed by smooth muscle cells and macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice develop early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions. The role of iNOS in both early and advanced atherosclerotic formation was determined in apoE(-/-) mice. Mice were fed chow or a Western diet containing 42% fat, 0.15% cholesterol, and 19.5% casein. At 12 weeks of age on chow diet, iNOS(-/-)/apoE(-/-) mice developed comparable sizes of early atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root as did iNOS(+/+)/apoE(-/-) mice (30,993+/-4746 vs. 26,648+/-6815 microm(2)/section; P=0.608). After being fed the Western diet for 12 weeks, iNOS(-/-)/apoE(-/-) mice developed significantly smaller advanced lesions than iNOS(+/+)/apoE(-/-) mice (458,734+/-14,942 vs. 519,570+/-22,098 microm(2)/section; P=0.029). This reduction in lesion formation could not be explained by differences in plasma lipid levels. To examine whether iNOS contributed to LDL oxidation, smooth muscle cells were isolated from the aorta, activated with TNF-alpha, and then incubated with native LDL in the absence or presence of N-Omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a specific NOS inhibitor. L-NAME significantly inhibited LDL oxidation by smooth muscle cells from iNOS(+/+)/apoE(-/-) mice (P=0.048), but it had no effect on LDL oxidation by cells from iNOS(-/-)/apoE(-/-) mice. iNOS(-/-)/apoE(-/-) mice had a significantly lower plasma lipoperoxide level on the Western diet (2.74+/-0.23 vs. 3.89+/-0.41 microM MDA; P=0.021) but not on chow diet (1.02+/-0.07 vs. 1.51+/-0.29 microM MDA; P=0.11). Thus, the absence of iNOS-mediated LDL oxidation may contribute to the reduction in advanced lesion formation of iNOS(-/-)/apoE(-/-) mice.
Classical Stern-Gerlach profiles of Mn5 and Mn6 clusters

${\mathrm{Mn}}_{5}$ and ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{6}$ clusters have recently been found to exhibit Stern-Gerlach profiles marked by a central peak that broadens with the increasing field gradient. The profiles neither exhibit a reminiscence of space quantization as observed through a splitting of beams for the case of free atoms, nor a net deflection characteristic of superparamagnetic relaxations observed in other transition metal clusters. It is proposed that this new behavior results from a weak coupling of localized atomic moments. ab initio electronic structure studies are carried out to show that a ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{5}$ cluster has isomers with spin magnetic moments of $3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}$, $13\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}$, and $23\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}$ while a ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{6}$ cluster has isomers with moments of $2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}$, $8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}$, $16\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}$, and $26\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}$, respectively. The isomers can be obtained by sequential turning of the local atomic moments starting from the ferromagnetic state and can be seen in the negative ion photoelectron spectra of the anions. The weak coupling of the atomic moments, however, leads to unconventional spin dynamics that result in classical broadening of the Stern-Gerlach profiles and lower apparent magnetic moments. The theoretical results illustrate how a combination of the negative ion photodetachment spectroscopy and Stern-Gerlach profiles can provide information on the net spin moment, interatomic spin coupling, and spin dynamics.
Barbituric acid functionalized porphyrins and chlorins.

Abstract Porphyrin and chlorin derivatives bearing thiobarbituric acid and barbituric acid functionality at the β-pyrrole and meso -positions have been synthesised from porphyrins bearing formyl functionality. All the free base and metallo derivatives show highly perturbed electronic spectra, with major absorptions in the 700–87Onm region.
THE USE OF UNBURNED SKIN FROM BURNED ANIMALS AS HOMOGRAFTS WITH THE ADJUNCTIVE USE OF CONVALESCENT BURN SERUM.

Summary No experimental evidence has been found to support the belief that unburned skin homografts from unburned animals survive longer if applied to other burned animals. The adjunctive use of convalescent burn serum in no way altered the rejection of these homografts. There appears to be no clinical relationship between the homograft reaction and postburn immunologic changes.
A linear programming problem in harmonic analysis

Abstract For a given subset E of the natural numbers it is desired to maximize Σ nϵE a n subject to a n ⩾0, 1+Σ nϵE a n cos nθ ⩾0 for θ ϵ[0,π]. A dual program is defined, and a duality principle is established. Extensions to other series of functions are given, and these include the motivating example of P. Delsarte [ Philips Res. Repts. 27 (1972), 272–289].
Use of excess solid-phase capacity in immunoassays: advantages for semicontinuous, near-real-time measurements and for analysis of matrix effects.

A flow-based immunoassay system using solid-phase particles with high binding capacity was used for semicontinuous, near-real-time, measurement of 17β-estradiol (E2). The high binding capacity of the solid phase was exploited to enable (i) a quantitative determination of E2 concentration, based on rate of accumulation of fluorescently labeled anti-E2 antibody on the solid phase, and (ii) the use of a single solid phase for more than a dozen competitive binding measurements. The high binding capacity of the solid phase also permitted the immobilization of a second capture antigen. Biotin was immobilized as a second antigen and used to evaluate a biotin anti-biotin system as a control for matrix effects in the E2 immunoassay. In phosphate-buffered saline, E2 could be quantified (in the range of 10−1000 pM) by using either the summation or ratio of the signals from the labeled anti-E2 and anti-biotin antibody in the presence of biotin at a constant concentration. The same referencing system was applied to es...
An agent-based recommender system for developing customized families of products

Electronic markets and web-based content have improved traditional product development processes by increasing the participation of customers and applying various recommender systems to satisfy individual customer needs. Agent-based systems based on agents’ roles and tasks can provide appropriate tools to solve product design problems by recommending design knowledge and information. This paper introduces an agent-based recommender system to support designing families of products based on customers’ preferences in dynamic electronic market environments. In the proposed system, a market-based learning mechanism is applied to determine the customers’ preferences for recommending appropriate products to customers of the product family. We demonstrate the implementation of the proposed recommender system using a multi-agent framework. Through simulated experiments, we illustrate that the proposed recommender system can help determine the preference values of products for customized recommendation and market segment design in various electronic market environments.
Consumers’ preferences for fresh broccolis: interactive effects between country of origin and organic labels

While international trade in organic products has grown significantly, understanding consumers’ preferences for imported organic foods has remained limited. This research examines the impact of country-of-origin labeling on US consumers’ choices of organic foods. Results show that consumer valuation of domestically produced organic broccoli was significantly higher than that of imported organic broccoli. Adding information about USDA organic certification standards/rules for imported products mildly increases consumer valuation of imported organic broccoli in some cases. These findings suggest that providing such information may have a positive impact on consumer willingness to purchase imported organic products.
Morphological Types and Connectivity of Horizontal Cells Found in the Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Retina

We describe here different types of horizontal cells in the zebrafish retina and how they connect to photoreceptors. To label horizontal cells, crystals of DiI were placed onto the tips of pulled glass pipettes and inserted into the inner nuclear layer of fixed whole-mount retinas. The DiI-labeled horizontal cells were imaged by confocal microscopy and analyzed according to dendritic arborization, cell depth, dendritic terminal morphology, and connectivity with photoreceptors. Three types of horizontal cells were unequivocally identified: two cone-connecting (H1/2 and H3) and one rod-related cell. H1/2 cells have dendritic terminals that are arranged in "rosette" clusters and that connect to cone photoreceptors without any apparent specificity. H3 cells are larger and have dendritic terminal doublets arranged in a rectilinear pattern. This pattern corresponds to the mosaic of the single cones in the zebrafish photoreceptor mosaic and indicates that H3 cells connect specifically to either the blue-sensitive (long-single) or ultraviolet-sensitive (short-single) cones. Thus, H3 cells are likely to be chromaticity-type cells that process specific color information, whereas H1/2 cells are probably luminosity-type cells that process luminance information. Rod horizontal cells were identified by their shape and dendritic pattern, and they connect with numerous rod photoreceptors via small spherical terminals.
A dynamic coupling index for underactuated manipulators

In recent years, researchers have been dedicated to the study of underactuated manipulators, which have more joints than control actuators. In previous work, researchers always assumed that there was enough dynamic coupling between the active and the passive joints of the manipulator for it to be possible to control the position of the passive joints via the dynamic coupling. In this work, the authors aim to develop an index to measure the dynamic coupling, so as to address when control of the under-actuated system is possible, and how the motion and robot configuration can be designed. We discuss extensively the nature of the dynamic coupling and of the proposed coupling index, and their applications in the analysis and design of underactuated systems, through a detailed mathematical analysis and several illustrative examples. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Costs and Benefits of the Earned Value Management Process

Abstract The question of whether the benefits of the earned value management process exceed the costs has not been adequately reported in the literature. Several studies report the costs but ignore the benefits. Others focus on the benefits, but ignore the costs. For example, a widely circulated report by Coopers & Lybrand and TASC (1994) concludes that the DOD regulatory cost is significant, and the requirement for earned value management systems (EVMS) criteria is among the largest cost drivers. However, the benefits of the earned value information derived from criteria-compliant contractors were not considered. Clearly, a report that addresses only the costs or the benefits of earned value may be misleading. This study addresses both the costs and the benefits of earned value. The earned value concept and the related criteria are considered. Based on a comprehensive literature review, studies reporting the costs or the benefits of earned value are summarized and synthesized. The result is a report that...
A hybrid model for mobile file systems

Existing distributed file systems are based on either a client-server model or a peer-to-peer model. We believe that the dynamic conditions of mobile computing and new classes of devices such as PDAs will no longer permit rigid adherence to either of these models. We argue that a hybrid of the two will have to be used. We then propose a file system design based on such a model which exploits the ability of highly portable devices like PDAs to be carried by their owners at all times. We examine the relationship between mobile computing personae and file systems and show how the personae concept can be used to support the file system needs of mobile users. Finally we discuss some issues raised by the implementation we are building.
Low Cost, Lightweight Space Cryocoolers

Raytheon has developed a concept for compact, lightweight space cryocoolers that merges the existing company expertise in tactical cryocoolers and space cryocoolers. The compressor is an upgrade to the existing Raytheon 705X tactical compressor product line in which the rubbing seals are eliminated through the incorporation of a non-contacting, flexure bearing piston support system characteristic of that used presently on thespace cryocooler productline. To minimize cost and weight, the expander is a single-stage pulse tube. A concentric pulse tube configuration is used to simplify system integration by providing a distinct cold tip and radially symmetric structural stiffness. The cryocooler electronics module is essentially a radiation-hardened version of the existing tactical high reliability electronics design.
Hyperphosphatemia in a Patient with Candida Sepsis

A 56-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug use and multiple infectious complications developed candida fungemia, which was initially treated with fluconazole and then liposomal amphotericin. At admission, he had normal calcium, phosphate, and magnesium but developed persistent hyperphosphatemia (phosphotungstate on Beckman DCxI) with values of 5 to 6.5 mg/dL (reference interval 2.5–4.5 mg/dl) despite only mild, stable renal …
Challenges in teaching modeling and simulation online

With the emergence of free Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), online education has been in the headlines in recent years. Many universities are offering online courses, some free and some for pay tied to a degree program. However, the lack of sufficient quality in existing online courses is undeniable. In particular, teaching Modeling and Simulation (M&S) as an undergraduate or graduate-level online course poses significant technical challenges for instructors. This paper presents an online learning quality model and discusses such challenges by giving the first author's own free online M&S courseware as an example. The quality model presented provides guidelines for the development of any online course.
Finding Articulation Points and Bridges of Permutation Graphs

We show that articulation points and bridges of permutation graphs can be found in O(logn) time using O(n/logn) processors on an EREW PRAM. The algorithms are optimal with respect to the time-processor product.
Electrical performance of fiberglass crossarm in distribution and transmission lines

An investigation of the electrical performance of the fiberglass crossarm for distribution and transmission lines is presented. This paper shows data from fiberglass crossarms obtained at the Mississippi State University High Voltage Laboratory as based on the AC voltage and the CFO voltage under dry and wet condition. The structure and electrical properties are briefly explained. Different lengths of the fiberglass crossarm were tested, and their electrical performances are demonstrated. According to the test results, the fiberglass crossarm cannot be used as a single component in the insulation system. It has to be installed with insulators as a multi-insulation system to improve the lightning insulation strength of distribution and transmission lines. With advantages, fiberglass crossarm can be used in place of wood crossarm.
Duration and Frequency of a High Temperature Pulse Affect Survival of Emergence-Ready Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) during Low-Temperature Incubation

Synchronizing Megachile rotundata (F.) nesting activity with alfalfa bloom is essential for ensuring optimal pollination for alfalfa seed production. This is achieved by timing the initiation of spring bee incubation so that adults will emerge -2 wk before peak bloom. If weather conditions change so as to delay the bloom, bee managers will commonly expose the developing bees to a period of low-temperature incubation to slow their development. We have previously demonstrated survival during low-temperature incubation can be significantly increased by using a fluctuating thermal regime (FTR) where the bees receive a daily pulse at 20 degrees C. A FTR incubation protocol is composed of a number of different components, such as the base and pulse temperatures, and the duration and frequency of the pulse. In this investigation, the effect of the duration of the pulse (5-120 min) and the frequency of a pulse (twice daily to weekly) on the survival of developing M. rotundata was examined. A pulse as short as 5 min at 20 degrees C increased survival of the developing bees as compared with the constant 6 degrees C controls. Increasing the pulse duration induced a further increase in tolerance to 6 degrees C. As with the pulse duration, increasing the pulse frequency from once weekly to twice daily had a significant effect on improving the bees tolerance to low-temperature incubation. This investigation further strengthens the argument that a FTR protocol is superior to using a constant low-temperature exposure for interrupting the spring incubation of M. rotundata.
Modulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton via Gelsolin Regulates Vacuolar H+-ATPase Recycling

The role of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating membrane protein trafficking is complex and depends on the cell type and protein being examined. Using the epididymis as a model system in which luminal acidification is crucial for sperm maturation and storage, we now report that modulation of the actin cytoskeleton by the calcium-activated actin-capping and -severing protein gelsolin plays a key role in regulating vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) recycling. Epididymal clear cells contain abundant V-ATPase in their apical pole, and an increase in their cell-surface V-ATPase expression correlates with an increase in luminal proton secretion. We have shown that apical membrane accumulation of V-ATPase is triggered by an elevation in cAMP following activation of bicarbonate-regulated soluble adenylyl cyclase in response to alkaline luminal pH (Pastor-Soler, N., Beaulieu, V., Litvin, T. N., Da Silva, N., Chen, Y., Brown, D., Buck, J., Levin, L. R., and Breton, S. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 49523-49529). Here, we show that clear cells express high levels of gelsolin, indicating a potential role in the functional activity of these cells. When jasplakinolide was used to overcome the severing action of gelsolin by polymerizing actin, complete inhibition of the alkaline pH- and cAMP-induced apical membrane accumulation of V-ATPase was observed. Conversely, when gelsolin-mediated actin filament elongation was inhibited using a 10-residue peptide (PBP10) derived from the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-binding region (phosphoinositide-binding domain 2) of gelsolin, significant V-ATPase apical membrane mobilization was induced, even at acidic luminal pH. In contrast, the calcium chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid tetrakis(acetoxymethyl ester) and the phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122 inhibited the alkaline pH-induced V-ATPase apical accumulation. Thus, maintenance of the actin cytoskeleton in a depolymerized state by gelsolin facilitates calcium-dependent apical accumulation of V-ATPase in response to luminal pH alkalinization. Gelsolin is present in other cell types that express the V-ATPase in their plasma membrane and recycling vesicles, including kidney intercalated cells and osteoclasts. Therefore, modulation of the actin cortex by this severing and capping protein may represent a common mechanism by which these cells regulate their rate of proton secretion.