cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-Rank Spatial Channel Estimation for Millimeter Wave Cellular Systems

The tremendous bandwidth available in the millimeter wave frequencies above 10 GHz have made these bands an attractive candidate for next-generation cellular systems. However, reliable communication at these frequencies depends critically on beamforming with very high-dimensional antenna arrays. Estimating the channel sufficiently accurately to perform beamforming can be challenging due to both low coherence time and a large number of antennas. Also, the measurements used for channel estimation may need to be made with analog beamforming, where the receiver can “look” in only one direction at a time. This paper presents a novel method for estimation of the receive-side spatial covariance matrix of a channel from a sequence of power measurements made in different angular directions. It is shown that maximum likelihood estimation of the covariance matrix reduces to a non-negative matrix completion problem. We show that the non-negative nature of the covariance matrix reduces the number of measurements required when the matrix is low-rank. The fast iterative methods are presented to solve the problem. Simulations are presented for both single-path and multi-path channels using models derived from real measurements in New York City at 28 GHz.
Bars from the Inside Out: An HST Study of their Dusty Circumnuclear Regions

The results of bar-driven mass inflow are directly observable in high-resolution HST observations of their circumnuclear regions. These observations reveal a wealth of structures dominated by dust lanes, often with a spiral-like morphology, and recent star formation. Recent work has shown that some of these structures are correlated with the presence or absence of a bar. I extend this work with an investigation of circumnuclear morphology as a function of bar strength for a sample of 48 galaxies with both measured bar strengths and “structure maps” computed from HST images. The structure maps for these galaxies, which have projected spatial resolutions of 2 – 15 pc, show that the fraction of galaxies with grand-design (GD) circumnuclear dust spirals increases significantly with bar strength, while tightly wound dust spirals are only present in the most axisymmetric galaxies. In the subset of galaxies classified SB(s), SB(rs), or SB(r), GD structure is only found at the centers of SB(s) or SB(rs) galaxies, and not SB(r). Bar strength measurements of 45 SB(s), SB(rs), and SB(r) galaxies show that SB(s) galaxies have the strongest bars, while SB(r) galaxies have the weakest bars. As SB(s) galaxies are also observed to most commonly possess dust lanes along their leading edges, this is further support of a connection between GD structure and bar-driven inflow on larger scales. There is also a modest increase in the fraction of loosely wound dust spirals at later morphological types, and a corresponding decrease in the fraction of chaotic structures. This trend may reflect an increase in the fraction of galaxies with circumnuclear, gaseous disks. The trend appears to reverse at type Scd, where the fraction of galaxies with chaotic circumnuclear dust structure increases dramatically, although these data are of poorer quality.
Near-term directions in the World Stellarator Program

Interest in stellarators has increased because of the progress being made in the development of this concept and the inherent advantages of stellarators as candidates for an attractive, steady-state fusion reactor. Three new stellarator experiments started operation in 1988, and three more are scheduled to start in the next few years. In addition, design studies have started on large next-generation stellarator experiments for the mid-1990s. These devices are designed to test four basic approaches to stellarator configuration optimization. Ways in which these devices complement each other in exploring the potential of the stellarator concept and the main issues that they will address during the next decade are described.
Efficient higher order composite plate theory for general lamination configurations

An efficient higher order plate theory for laminated composites is developed. A composite plate theory for general lamination configurations is obtained by superimposing a cubic varying displacement field on a zig-zag linearly varying displacement. The theory has the same number of dependent unknowns as first-order shear deformation theory, and the number of unknowns is independent of the number of layers. The displacement satisfies transverse shear stress continuity conditions at the interface between layers as well as shear free surface conditions. Thus, an artificial shear correction factor is not needed. To demonstrate and compare with other theories, the analytical solution for cylindrical bending is obtained. The present theory gives deflections and stresses that compare well with other known theories.
Dark Matter Candidates in Supersymmetric Models

The status of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM) will be discussed in light of our current understanding of the relic density after WMAP. A global likelihood analysis of the model is performed including data from direct Higgs searches, global fits to electroweak data, b to s gamma, the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, as well as the cosmological relic density. Also considered are models which relax and further constrain the CMSSM. Prospects for dark matter detection in colliders and cryogenic detectors will be briefly discussed.
End-user construction of influence diagrams for Bayesian statistics

Influence diagrams are ideal knowledge representations for Bayesian statistical models. However, these diagrams are difficult for end users to interpret and to manipulate. We present a user-based architecture that enables end users to create and to manipulate the knowledge representation. We use the problem of physicians' interpretation of two-arm parallel randomized clinical trials (TAPRCT) to illustrate the architecture and its use. There are three primary data structures. Elements of statistical models are encoded as subgraphs of a restricted class of influence diagram. The interpretations of those elements are mapped into users' language in a domain-specific, user-based semantic interface, called a patient-flow diagram, in the TAPRCT problem. Permitted transformations of the statistical model that maintain the semantic relationships of the model are encoded in a metadata-state diagram, called the cohort-state diagram, in the TAPRCT problem. The algorithm that runs the system uses modular actions called construction steps. This framework has been implemented in a system called THOMAS, that allows physicians to interpret the data reported from a TAPRCT.
Structure of the fluorapatite (100)-water interface by high-resolution X-ray reflectivity

A complete understanding of the surface chemistry of the apatite-water system requires direct observation of the interfacial structure at the molecular scale. We report results for the structure of the apatite (100)-water interface obtained with high-resolution specular X-ray reflectivity from a natural growth surface of Durango fluorapatite. A uniform termination at the crystallographic unit-cell boundary was determined. An atomistic model of the interfacial structure is compared to the experimental results and optimized through non-linear least-squares fitting in which the structural parameters were selected to be both physically and chemically plausible. The best-fit structure includes a Ca- and/or F-deficient outermost surface, minimal structural relaxations of the near-surface apatite crystal, and the presence of a layered interfacial water structure exhibiting two distinct water layers. The height of the first water layer is 2.64(9) A relative to the relaxed surface with 3.5(1.3) water molecules per surface unit-cell area (64.9 A 2 ). A second layer of adsorbed water is found 1.53(5) A above the first layer, followed by a nearly featureless profile of the bulk liquid water. The layered structure of water is interpreted as being due to hydrogen bonding at the solid-water interface. The interfacial structure shows a strong similarity with the octacalcium phosphate structure projected along a surface normal direction.
Foreign entry in Turkey's banking sector, 1980-97

Despite high and volatile inflation, a record number of foreign and local banks entered Turkey's banking sector after the country relaxed rules about bank entry, and generally eliminated controls on interest rates, and financial intermediation in 1980. The country's financial integration with the rest of the world took a big step forward with the opening up of the capital account in 1989. Capital inflows rose significantly, and the financial system became increasingly linked with external markets. The author examines one dimension of liberalization: the impact of foreign banks entering the financial sector. Between 1980 and the end of 1997, 17 foreign banks, and a number of new local banks entered the sector. The author investigates how these banks' entry into the sector affected performance, based on three measures: net interest margin, overhead expenses, and return on assets (all expressed as a percentage of total assets). He finds that: 1) Foreign bank ownership is related to all three performance measures. 2) Foreign bank entry reduced the overhead expenses of domestic commercial banks, strengthening profits. 3) Despite their small scale operations, foreign banks entering the sector had a strong effect on competition. But the market could use more competition. 4) There are strong indications that foreign banks had a positive impact on financial, and operational planning, credit analysis and marketing, and human capital.
Coupled contact systems and rigidity of maximal dimensional variations of Hodge structure

In this article we prove that locally Griffiths' horizontal distribution on the period domain is given by a generalized version of the familiar contact differential system. As a consequence of this description we obtain strong local rigidity properties of maximal dimensional variations of Hlodge structure. For example, we prove that if the weight is odd (greater than one) then there is a unique germ of maximal dimensional variation of Hodge structure through every point of the period domain. Similar results hold if the weight is even with the exception of one case.
Stabilizing consensus in mobile networks

Inspired by the characteristics of biologically-motivated systems consisting of autonomous agents, we define the notion of stabilizing consensus in fully decentralized and highly dynamic ad hoc systems. Stabilizing consensus requires non-faulty nodes to eventually agree on one of their inputs, but individual nodes do not necessarily know when agreement is reached. First we show that, similar to the original consensus problem in the synchronous model, there exist deterministic solutions to the stabilizing consensus problem tolerating crash faults. Similarly, stabilizing consensus can also be solved deterministically in presence of Byzantine faults with the assumption that n > 3f where n is the number of nodes and f is the number of faulty nodes. Our main result is a Byzantine consensus protocol in a model in which the input to each node can change finitely many times during execution and eventually stabilizes. Finally we present an impossibility result for stabilizing consensus in systems of identical nodes.
Multicomponent and variable velocity galactic outflow in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations

We develop a new ‘multicomponent and variable velocity’ (MVV) galactic outflow model for cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) simulations. The MVV wind model reflects the fact that the wind material can arise from different phases in the interstellar medium, and the mass-loading factor in the MVV model is a function of the galaxy stellar mass. We find that the simulation with the MVV outflow has the following characteristics: (i) the intergalactic medium (IGM) is hardly heated up, and the mean IGM temperature is almost the same as in the no-wind run; (ii) it has lower cosmic star formation rates (SFRs) compared to the no-wind run, but higher SFRs than the constant velocity wind run; (iii) it roughly agrees with the observed IGM metallicity, and roughly follows the observed evolution of Ω(C iv); and (iv) the lower mass galaxies have larger mass-loading factors, and the low-mass end of galaxy stellar mass function is flatter than in the previous simulations. Therefore, the MVV outflow model mildly alleviates the problem of too steep galaxy stellar mass function seen in the previous SPH simulations. In summary, the new MVV outflow model shows reasonable agreement with observations and gives better results than the constant-velocity wind model.
Rank one case of Dwork's conjecture

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 00, Number 0, Xxxx XXXX, Pages 000–000 S 0894-0347(XX)0000-0 arXiv:math/0005308v1 [math.NT] 9 May 2000 RANK ONE CASE OF DWORK’S CONJECTURE DAQING WAN 1. Introduction In the higher rank paper [17], we reduced Dwork’s conjecture from higher rank case over any smooth affine variety X to the rank one case over the simplest affine space A n . In the present paper, we finish our proof by proving the rank one case of Dwork’s conjecture over the affine space A n , which is called the key lemma in [17]. The key lemma had already been proved in [16] in the special case when the Frobenius lifting σ is the simplest q-th power map σ(x) = x q . Thus, the aim of the present paper is to treat the general Frobenius lifting case. Our method here is an improvement of the limiting method in [16]. It allows us to move one step further and obtain some explicit information about the zeros and poles of the unit root L-function. As in [16], to handle the rank one case, we are forced to work in the more difficult infinite rank setting, see section 2 for precise definitions of the various basic infinite rank notions. Let F q denote the finite field of characteristic p > 0. Our main result of this paper is the following theorem. Theorem 1.1. Let φ be a nuclear overconvergent σ-module over the affine n-space A n /F q , ordinary at the slope zero side. Let φ unit be the unit root (slope zero) part of φ. Assume that φ unit has rank one. Let ψ be another nuclear overconvergent σ-module over A n /F q . Then for each integer k, the L-function L(ψ ⊗ φ ⊗k unit , T ) is p-adic meromorphic. Furthermore, the family L(ψ ⊗ φ ⊗k T of L-functions unit parametrized by integers k in each residue class modulo (q − 1) is a strong family of meromorphic functions with respect to the p-adic topology of k. A finite rank σ-module is automatically nuclear. Thus, Theorem 1.1 includes the key lemma of [17] over A n as a special case. The basic ideas of the present paper are the same as the limiting approach in [16]. The details are, however, quite different. In the simplest q-th power Frobenius lifting case, one has the fundamental Dwork trace formula available, which is completely explicit for uniform estimates. This makes it easy to extend the Dwork trace formula to infinite rank setting. It also makes it possible to see the various analytic subtleties involved in a concrete case. As a result, we were able to prove analytically optimal results in [16]. For a general Frobenius lifting (even over the simplest affine n-space A n as we shall work in this paper), one has to use the much more difficult Monsky trace formula which is a generalization of Dwork’s trace formula. Thus, the first task of this paper is to extend the Monsky trace formula to infinite rank setting and to make it sufficiently 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 11G40, 11S40; Secondary 11M41, 14G15. Key words and phrases. L-functions, Fredholm determinants, p-adic meromorphic continua- tion, nuclear σ-modules and Banach modules. This work was partially supported by NSF. c American Mathematical Society
GROWTH, CYCLES, ASSET PRICES AND FINANCE

Several Kaleckian models are set out. Harrod- and Domar-style investment functions are specified, and combined with distributive dynamics to generate Goodwin-style cycles. A counterclockwise cycle in a two-dimensional phase diagram for capacity utilization and the wage share is based on long-run profit-led demand and a profit squeeze at high activity levels, consistent with Domar. Harrod-style investment and short-run wage-led demand generate counterfactual clockwise cycles. Financial dynamics involving the equity valuation ratio are considered. Both the ratio and equity price inflation demonstrate positive own-feedback. The ratio can be stabilized cyclically by capital stock growth and/or rising household net worth or debt. Debt accumulation persists (or ‘overshoots’) after equity price inflation switches to a negative rate. A Minsky-style model with Harrodian investment can be stabilized by accumulation of business debt.
A quantitative measure of cortical organization of upper limb torque generation

The objective was to use high resolution electroencephalography (EEG) to examine the functional organization of the human sensorimotor cortex during voluntary muscle activation of the upper limb. It was hypothesized that separate centers of cortical be responsible for generating joint different directions. Furthermore, it was anticipated that the magnitude of the electrical brain activity scales with joint torque level, while preserving the location of brain activity, which depends on direction in which a torque is generated. A secondary goal was to develop a new analysis technique to rigorously quantify electrical brain activity. A novel quantitative analysis technique incorporating a realistic, subject-specific boundary element method (BEM) head model was devised to create a 3D spatial resultant vector representation of the cortical region(s) of activation. Results indicate that a clear spatiotemporal relationship exists between the location of cortical activity and the magnitude of joint torque generation. Findings also demonstrate the methods developed as part of this study provide the ability to distinguish separate locations of centers of cortical activity not only as a function of joint but more importantly as a function of joint torque direction at a given joint. In conclusion, subject-specific quantitative spatial resultant vector analysis may prove helpful in identifying cortical regions responsible for generating specific joint torque conditions and associated muscle activation patterns. The work may also prove useful for evaluating potentially contrasting motor encoding schemes for cortical neuronal systems; thus distinguishing torque direction/magnitude coding from muscle activation based encoding approaches.
Full asymptotic expansion of the heat trace for non-self-adjoint elliptic cone operators

The operator e–tA and its trace Tr e–tA, for t > 0, are investigated in the case when A is an elliptic differential operator on a manifold with conical singularities. Under a certain spectral condition (parameter–ellipticity) we obtain a full asymptotic expansion in t of the heat trace as t 0+. As in the smooth compact case, the problem is reduced to the investigation of the resolvent (A–λ)–1. The main step consists in approximating this family by a parametrix of A – λ constructed within a suitable parameter–dependent calculus.
NF-κB: Regulation by Methylation

In normal cells exposed to stress, the central transcription factor NF-κB is activated only transiently, to modulate the activation of downstream immune responses. However, in most cancers, NF-κB is abnormally activated constitutively, contributing thus to oncogenesis and tumor progression. Therefore, downregulating NF-κB activity is an important goal of cancer treatment. In order to control NF-κB activity therapeutically, it is helpful to understand the molecular mechanisms that normally govern its activation and how dysregulated NF-κB activity may aid the development of disease. Recent evidence from our laboratories and others indicates that, in addition to various posttranslational modifications of NF-κB that have been observed previously, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation, NF-κB can be methylated reversibly on lysine or arginine residues by histone-modifying enzymes, including lysine and arginine methyl transferases and demethylases. Furthermore, these methylations are required to activate many downstream genes. Interestingly, amplifications and mutations of several such enzymes have been linked to cancer. We propose that some of these mutations may alter the methylation not only of histones but also of NF-κB, making them attractive therapeutic targets. Cancer Res; 75(18); 3692–5. ©2015 AACR .
Combining P-values†

When a null hypothesis is tested on different sets of data, the individual P values may usefully be combined to provide a more powerful test than any individual one. If the null hypothesis is true, and the statistical model is correct, each P value follows a uniform distribution. Various methods of combination have been suggested for situations where the data sets are independent, and some comparisons of power against alternative hypotheses are presented for a particular case. Most of these methods are invalid for dependent data. Keywords: hypothesis testing; meta-analysis; Fisher; Liptak; Tippett; Sidak; Simes; bonferroni
RG flows of non-unitary minimal CFTs

Abstract In this paper we study the renormalization group flow of the ( p , q ) minimal (non-unitary) CFT perturbed by the Ф 1, 3 operator with a positive coupling. In the perturbative region q a (q-p) , we find a new IR fixed point which corresponds to the (2 p - q , p ) minimal CFT. The perturbing field near the new IR fixed point is identified with the irrelevant Ф 3, 1 operator. We extend this result to show that the non-diagonal ((A, D)-type) modular invariant partition function of the ( p , q ) minimal CFT flows into the (A, D)-type partition function of the (2 p - q , p ) minimal CFT and the diagonal partition function into the diagonal.
On Cross‐country Growth and Convergence: Evidence from African and OECD Countries

This paper draws on neoclassical and endogenous growth theories to investigate convergence and determinants of per capita growth rates in African and OECD countries. We employ a panel data, general method of moments estimator, which eliminates the inconsistencies arising from omitted variable and/or endogeneity bias that plague some of the empirical work in the literature. The results indicate that for both African and OECD samples: (i) per capita incomes converge to their steady‐state levels at rates in excess of 10%, in sharp contrast to the 2–3% reported in the literature; (ii) various economic factors, such as initial conditions, investment, population growth, human capital development, government consumption, openness, financial development and the political environment, contribute to economic growth; and (iii) the Solow model both in its textbook and augmented form is not consistent with the evidence presented and thus cannot account for the important features of cross‐country income differences.
Analysis of athletic performance with prophylactic ankle devices

We evaluated the effect of different ankle support devices on athletic performance. Thirty varsity college athletes were tested with both ankles supported by taping, Swede-O brace, Kallassy brace or left unsupported. The athletes performed four events: broad jump, vertical leap, 10 yard shuttle run, and 40 yard sprint. The events and appliances were randomized to prevent bias by fatigue. Compared to the results when no support was used, ankle taping resulted in a significant decreased performance in the vertical jump (4%), shuttle run (1.6%), and sprint (3.5%) (P less than 0.05). Use of the Swede-O brace decreased performance in the vertical jump (4.6%), broad jump (3.6%), and time of the sprint (3.2%). Results using the Kallassy brace showed a decrease in the vertical jump (3.4%) when compared to no support. The test results of the shuttle run with taping were slower than the Kallassy brace (P less than 0.05). Wearing the Swede-O brace caused the athletes' broad jump distance to decrease more than the Kallassy brace (P less than 0.05). Subjective questionnaires supported the Kallassy brace as the most comfortable support and the one that decreased performance the least. Taping of the ankles is universally accepted for ankle prophylaxis. This study has shown a decrease in performance when ankles are taped compared to ankles with no protection. Since the decreases in performance caused by ankle braces are minor, this should not be used as a criterion for selection of prophylactic support compared to taping.
QCD critical point and event-by-event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions

Abstract A summary of work done in collaboration with K. Rajagopal and E. Shuryak. We show how heavy ion collision experiments, in particular, event-by-event fluctuation measurements, can lead to the discovery of the critical point on the phase diagram of QCD.
Semiquantum chaos and the large N expansion

Abstract We consider the dynamical system consisting of a quantum degree of freedom A interacting with N quantum oscillators described by the Lagrangian L = 1 2 A 2 + ∑ i=1 N { 1 2 x i 2 − 1 2 (m 2 + e 2 A 2 )x i 2 } . In the limit N → ∞, with e2N fixed, the quantum fluctuations in A are of order 1 N . In this limit, the x oscillators behave as harmonic oscillators with a time dependent mass determined by the solution of a semiclassical equation for the expectation value 〈A(t)〉. This system can be described, when 〈x(t)〉 = 0, by a classical Hamiltonian for the variables G(t) = 〈x 2 (t), G (t) , A c (t) = 〈A(t)〉, and A c (t) . The dynamics of this latter system turns out to be chaotic. We propose to study the nature of this large N limit by considering both the exact quantum system as well as by studying an expansion in powers of 1 N for the equations of motion using the closed time path formalism of quantum dynamics.
Identification of Patients With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease at Highest Risk for End-Stage Renal Disease

To identify those potential factors that, early in the course of disease, mark a population of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) who have worse renal survival, survival analysis and risk ratio calculation for I 2 15 ADPKD patients were performed. Survival times were calculated as time to dialysis, transplantation, or death. Risk ratios were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Three hundred eighty-eight patients entered end-stage renal disease and 205 patients died. ADPKD2 subjects had longer renal survival than ADPKDI subjects (median survival, 68 versus 53 yr; P < 0.0005; risk ratio, 2.5). Women had significantly better renal survival than men (56 versus 52 yr; P < 0.0001 ; risk ratio, 1.6). Subjects who were diagnosed before age 30 and those who developed hypertension before age 35 had worse renal survival than those subjects who were diagnosed after age 30 or those who remained normotensive after age 35, respectively (age of diagnosis: 49 versus 59 yr; P < 0.0001 ; risk ratio, 3.2; hypertension: 5 1 versus 65 yr; P < 0.0001 ; risk ratio, 4.4). Similarly, those who had an episode of gross hematuria before age 30 had a worse renal outcome than those who did not (49 versus 59 yr; P < 0.0001; risk ratio, 2.6). We have also calculated risk ratios for a combined model. When therapeutic interventions become available for this dis- ease, these populations with high risk ratios should be consid- ered for such interventions. (J Am Soc Nephrol 8: 1560-1567,
Effects of Geochemical Reaction on Double Diffusive Natural Convection of CO2 in Brine Saturated Geothermal Reservoir

Abstract In order for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, as we know, the storage of CO 2 in deep geological formations is considered as a promising option. Besides convective mixing an understanding of geochemical reaction that affects the long term storage process in deep saline aquifers is of great importance. In this study we numerically investigate double diffusive natural convection of CO 2 in brine saturated geothermal reservoir which is anisotropic in permeability variations, impervious from the sides, and is open to CO 2 at the top. Our primary objective is to understand effects of geochemical reactions of different rates and orders on density driven natural convection of CO 2 due to concentration and geothermal gradients. We present propagation of CO 2 plumes over long period of time by analyzing different c: Damkohler number (0.01 ≤ Da ≥ 10 5 ) with variation of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order reactions; solutal Rayleigh number (500 ≤2000); the buoyancy ratio (2 ≤ N 100); Dykstra-Parsons coefficient (0.35 ≤ V dp 0.85); and fixed Lewis and Prandtl numbers. Reaction order is set from relevant stoichiometric ratio. In each case results are quantified in term of percentage of CO 2 deposition. It is found that mineral interactions make traceable difference of depositions as reaction rate increases, especially when Da > 103. In one hand, compared to very minimum geochemical interaction ( Da ∼ 0.01) the strong reaction effects ( Da ∼ 104) can make difference of more than 5% in the period of 500 years of trapping. On the other hand, at a fixed equivalent Da reaction order also makes substantial distinction as deposition time passes. Heterogeneity plays a vital role. Geothermal gradient has very negligible effect, however only after very long time (> 500 years).
Crustal structure of the Arabian Plate: New constraints from the analysis of teleseismic receiver functions

An edited version of this paper was published by Elsevier Science. Copyright 2005, Elsevier Science. See also: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.12.020; http://atlas.geo.cornell.edu/SaudiArabia/publications/Al-Damegh%202005.htm
NorKing Russet: A new russet-skinned potato cultivar

NorKing Russet is an oblong to slightly blocky, russet-skinned potato cultivar with medium-early maturity and a strong vine. It has resistance to verticillium wilt but is susceptible to most viruses and to early and late blight. It is generally medium to high yielding and high in total solids.
Failure of the WTO Ministerial Conference at Cancun: Reasons and Remedies

This paper first discusses four general developments in the world trading system that have made it increasingly difficult in recent years for nations to reach multilateral agreements aimed at further liberalising international trade, namely: (1) the increased technical complexity and disruptive domestic economic effects of the issues being negotiated; (2) the shift in relative bargaining power among the negotiating participants in favour of the developing countries; (3) the proliferation of bilateral and regional free trade agreements in contrast to multilateral agreements, and (4) the increased emphasis on achieving ‘fairness’ rather than reciprocity in trade liberalisation. Differences in negotiating positions of the participants on the major specific negotiating subjects of the Doha Round, such as new rules covering investment, competition policy, government procurement policy, and trade facilitation, agricultural liberalisation, changes in anti-dumping and countervailing duty rules, the tariff-cutting rule to increase access to non-agricultural markets, and further liberalisation in the services sector, are then considered as well as the likelihood of reaching compromises on these matters. Finally, the possibilities of reaching acceptable balances of concessions and gains are considered for such key participants as the Group of 20 developing countries, the European Union, the United States and other industrial countries.
Dynamics of piecewise linear maps and sets of nonnegative matrices

Abstract We consider maps f K ( v ) = min A ∈ K Av and g K ( v ) = max A ∈ K Av , where K is a finite set of nonnegative matrices and by “min” and “max” we mean component-wise minimum and maximum. We transfer known results about properties of g K to f K . In particular we show existence of nonnegative generalized eigenvectors of f K , give necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of strictly positive eigenvector of f K , study dynamics of f K on the positive cone. We show the existence and construct matrices A and B , possibly not in K , such that f K n ( v ) ∼ A n v and g K n ( v ) ∼ B n v for any strictly positive vector v .
Global chaos in a periodically forced, linear system with a dead-zone restoring force

Abstract The Poincare mapping and the corresponding mapping sections for global motions in a linear system possessing a dead-zone restoring force are introduced through switching planes pertaining to two constraints. The global periodic motions based on the Poincare mapping are determined, and the eigenvalue analysis for the stability and bifurcation of periodic motion is carried out. Global chaos in such a system is investigated numerically from the unstable global periodic motions analytically determined. The bifurcation scenario with varying parameters is presented. The mapping structures of periodic and chaotic motions are discussed. The Poincare mapping sections for global chaos are given for illustration. The grazing phenomenon embedded in chaotic motion is observed in this investigation.
Monetary aggregates and the business cycle

A monetary aggregate consisting predominantly of zero-maturity deposits, called MZM, tends to systematically lead output in the US business cycle. Such fluctuations are observed both before and after the 1979 monetary policy change. Similar dynamics are obtained in a model with multi-stage production and purchase-size heterogeneity when agents optimally choose their mix of cash, checkable, and time deposits used in transactions. The causality in the model runs from real activity to money, rather than the other way around. Although the monetary base is endogenous, through a Taylor-type rule, the lead in MZM is primarily driven by deposit creation.
A general, enantioselective synthesis of N-alkyl terminal aziridines and C2-functionalized azetidines via organocatalysis

A short, high-yielding protocol involving the enantioselective α-chlorination of aldehydes has been developed for the enantioselective synthesis of C2-functionalized aziridines and N-alkyl terminal azetidines from a common intermediate. This methodology allows for the rapid preparation of functionalized aziridines in 50-73% overall yields and 88-94% ee, and azetidines in 22-32% overall yields and 84-92% ee. Moreover, we developed a scalable and cost-effective route to the key organocatalyst (54% overall yield, >95% dr).
European Gastronomy into the 21st Century

'European Gastronomy into the 21st Century' is a unique text examining the development and origins of European food traditions within social, economic and geographical contexts. Gastronomy is the art and science of good eating and drinking: a concept that extends outwards to embrace wider notions of tradition, culture, society and civilisation. This book provides a rigorous, well researched and much needed treatment of the subject, systematically outlining: * the development of European gastronomic tradition, and the social, economic, philosophical and geographical contexts of change * the experiences, philosophies and relative contributions of great gastronomes, past and present * the interplay of traditional and contemporary influences on modern gastronomy * the relationship between gastronomy and and travel and tourism * salient issues of nutrition, food hygiene and health promotion Taking an all-encompassing look at the subject of gastronomy past, present and future, 'European Gastronomy into the 21st Century' uses example menus and case studies to demonstrate the theory. It also provides an insight into the business arena, using key destination restaurants to illustrate management techniques and marketing issues. Accessible and highly structured, the book guides the reader through its wide-ranging and thought-provoking content.
Global attractivity of the equilibrium of a difference equation: An elementary proof assisted by computer algebra system

Let p and q be arbitrary positive numbers. It is shown that if , then all solutions to the difference equation converge to the positive equilibrium . The above result, taken together with the 1993 result of Kocic and Ladas for equation (E) with , gives global attractivity of the positive equilibrium of (E) for all positive values of the parameters, thus completing the proof of a conjecture of Ladas.
Resources, real options, and corporate strategy

The types of investments a firm undertakes will depend in part on what it expects the outcome of those investments to reveal about its skills, capabilities, and assets (i.e., its resources). We predict that a firm will specialize when young, then experiment in a new line of business for some time, and then either expand into a large, multisegment business or focus and scale up its specialized business. We derive several empirical implications for firm valuations and the reaction of stock prices to news about firm prospects. We also offer a novel explanation for the well-documented ‘‘diversification’’ discount. r 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Improved survival with lymph node sampling in wilms tumor

Objective We sought to determine the impact of number of lymph nodes examined on survival for Wilms tumor (WT). Methods Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and Florida Cancer Data System were queried for patients Results Of 1805 WT patients, 1340 had lymph node (LN) data available following surgery. The mean age for the cohort was 3.3 ± 2.8 y. Most patients were White (78%), and non-Hispanic (78%). A total of 297 patients (22%) had 0 LN sampled, while 697 (52%) had 1–5 LN, 210 (16%) had 6–10 LN, and 136 (10%) had >10 LN. Overall 5-y survival was 91%. By univariate analysis, 5-y survival was significantly lower for patients with 0 LN sampled (87% versus 91% 1–5 LN; 93% 6–10 LN; 95% >10 LN, P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis confirmed a survival advantage for patients having 1–5 LN (HR 0.600, P = 0.016), 6–10 LN (HR 0.521, P = 0.048), and >10 LN (HR 0.403, P = 0.039) compared with patients with 0 LN examined. Conclusion Failure to biopsy lymph nodes for WT patients not only increases the risk of local recurrence due to understaging and inadequate adjuvant therapy, but is also an independent prognostic indicator of lower survival.
Auxin Relationships of the Rice Coleoptile.

The work reported here concerns the well known fact that the rice coleoptile elongates more rapidly and more extensively under water than in air. Decapitation experiment carried out with seedlings in air or under water, as well as experiment done with the growth response to the added IAA of floating or submerged coleoptile sections suggest that the superior growth of coleoptiles under water depends intimately on a decreased capacity of auxin it being destroyed under water. IAA disappears more rapidly from coleoptile tissue infiltrated with IAA and ihcubated in air than from similar coleoptile incubated under reduced oxygen. Experiments on the inhibition of growth by KCN as well as DNP suggest that the growth of rice coleoptile is determined by the two factors ; (1) decreased auxin destruction at low oxygen tension, and (2)decreased aerobic respiration at low oxygen tension.
Cascade Rearrangements Following Twofold Addition of Alkenyl Anions to Squarate Esters

The double 1,2-addition of alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, and alkynyllithium reagents to squarate esters constitutes a very expedient method for rapidly increasing structural complexity with formation of polycyclic end products. The simple one-pot process is amenable to regioselective operation, stereochemical control, self-immolative chirality transfer, 1,5-asymmetric induction, and chemical modulation.
Cancellation of Sudakov Logarithms in Radiative Decays of Quarkonia

Abstract We study infrared QCD effects in radiative quarkonia decays. We examine the endpoint region z →1 of the photon spectrum. We point out a cancellation mechanism for the corrections in α s n ln m (1− z ), m ⩽2 n , in the short-distance coefficient for the color-singlet Fock state in the quarkonium. The cancellation is due to the coherence of the color radiation, and applies even though logarithmic contributions are present in the jet distributions associated with the decay. We comment on the implications of our results for the modeling of hadronization in the endpoint region and for the role of color-octet states in the quarkonium.
Aeroacoustic Measurements of a Wing/Slat Model

Aeroacoustic evaluations of high-lift devices have been carried out in the Quiet Flow Facility of the NASA Langley Research Center. The present paper deals with detailed flow and acoustic measurements that have been made to understand, and to possibly predict and reduce, the noise from a wing leading edge slat configuration. The acoustic database is obtained by a moveable Small Aperture Directional Array (SADA) of microphones designed to electronically steer to different portions of models under study. The slat is shown to be a uniform distributed noise source. The data was processed such that spectra and directivity were determined with respect to a one-foot span of slat. The spectra are normalized in various fashions to demonstrate slat noise character. In order to equate portions of the spectra to different slat noise components, trailing edge noise predictions using measured slat boundary layer parameters as inputs are compared to the measured slat noise spectra.
The future of the information systems discipline: a response to Walsham

We must look ahead at today's radical changes in technology, not just as forecasters but as actors charged with designing and bringing about a sustainable and acceptable world. New knowledge gives ...
Calibration of the FIR polarimeter on TFTR tokamak

The results of the first Faraday rotation measurement on the TFTR tokamak are presented. Data are reported on ohmic-as well as neutral-beam-heated plasmas including solid pellet injections. The procedure and the results of the calibration, are described. The effects of various errors in the measurements as well as the problem of cross coupling laser beams are studied.
Improved Cs2CO3 Promoted O-Alkylation of Acids

Abstract Cesium carbonate mediated O-alkylation of carboxylic acids was efficiently carried out under mild in situ conditions to give the corresponding esters exclusively. Chiral templates including α-hydroxy and α-alkoxy acids were also converted to their corresponding esters with no observed racemization.
Oscillating Airfoil Aerodynamics of a Rotating Compressor Blade Row

Experiments are performed in a research compressor directed at investigating the aerodynamic damping unsteady aerodynamics of a rotor blade row. Specie cally, the torsion mode unsteady aerodynamics of the e rst-stage rotor of a research compressor are investigated and quantie ed, including the effects of oscillation amplitude and steady aerodynamic loading. An experimental ine uence coefe cient technique is implemented in conjunction with a unique torsion mode drive system that provides rotor blade torsion mode oscillations without other motor drive systems.Theoscillatingairfoilsurfaceunsteady pressureine uencecoefe cientdataareacquiredwith dynamicpressure transducers embedded in the rotor blades. The resulting rotor blade aerodynamic damping oscillating airfoil data are then correlated with a linear theory prediction. In general, the unsteady pressure ine uence coefe cient data decay rapidly with increasing distance from the reference blade, with different ine uences on thepressure and suction surfaces. Oscillationmagnitudeand steadyloading havea signie canteffectonboththeine uence coefe cient data and the equivalent all-airfoils-oscillating unsteady pressure data.
Impact of Physician Asthma Care Education on Patient Outcomes

Objective. We evaluated the effectiveness of a continuing medical education program, Physician Asthma Care Education, in improving pediatricians’ asthma therapeutic and communication skills and patients’ health care utilization for asthma. Methods. We conducted a randomized trial in 10 regions in the United States. Primary care providers were recruited and randomly assigned by site to receive the program provided by local faculty. The program included 2 interactive seminar sessions (2.5 hours each) that reviewed national asthma guidelines, communication skills, and key educational messages. Format included short lectures, case discussions, and a video modeling communication techniques. We collected information on parent perceptions of physicians’ communication, the child’s asthma symptoms, and patients’ asthma health care utilization. We used multivariate regression models to determine differences between control and intervention groups. Results. A total of 101 primary care providers and a random sample o...
A modified procedure for the deprotection of methoxymethyl ether

Abstract A new modified procedure using a combination of catechol boron bromide with acetic acid was developed to deprotect methoxymethyl group to form 1,3-diols and 1,3-aminoalcohols.
Signatures and higher signatures of S^1-quotients

We define and study the signature, \(\widehat{A}\)-genus and higher signatures of the quotient space of an \(S^1\)-action on a closed oriented manifold. We give applications to questions of positive scalar curvature and to an Equivariant Novikov Conjecture.
Study of Wetting in an Asymmetrical Vane-Wall Gap in Propellant Tanks

Wetting of an asymmetrical vane-wall gap geometry is investigated. The geometry is common in vane-type liquid propellant management devices. Critical wetting conditions are determined by applying the method by Concus and Finn (Concus, P., and Finn, R., "On Capillary Free Surfaces in the Absence of Gravity," Acta Mathematica, Vol. 132, 1974, pp. 177-198). The critical wetting condition is expressed in terms of critical contact angle as a function of gap size, with the vane thickness and obliquity angle as relevant parameters. It is found that the increase of both the vane thickness and the obliquity angle improves the critical wetting conditions. The analytical results are confirmed with Surface Evolver numerical computations, which also provide graphical descriptions of capillary surfaces. Results from drop tower experiments confirm the analysis and also reveal that the advance rate of the meniscus tip decreases with the gap size when other parameters are fixed.
Why uncertainty matters - discounting under intertemporal risk aversion and ambiguity

Uncertainty has an almost negligible impact on project value in the standard economic model. I show that a comprehensive evaluation of uncertainty and uncertainty attitude changes this picture fundamentally. The illustration of this result relies on the discount rate, which is the crucial determinant in balancing immediate costs against future benefits, and the single most important determinant of optimal mitigation policies in the integrated assessment of climate change. First, the paper removes an implicit assumption of (intertemporal or intrinsic) risk neutrality from the standard economic model. Second, the paper introduces aversion to non-risk uncertainty (ambiguity). I show a close formal similarity between the model of intertemporal risk aversion, which is a reformulation of the widespread Epstein–Zin–Weil model, and a recent model of smooth ambiguity aversion. I merge the models, achieving a threefold disentanglement between risk aversion, ambiguity aversion, and the propensity to smooth consumption over time.