cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Providing health services to elderly in public housing: a case for clinical experience.

A research project, carried out by social workers in consultation with nurses, evaluated the services provided by a student nursing clinical program to elderly high-rise residents. The analysis included number and type of services provided, data on what types of services were utilized by different clients, and client opinions on the value of the services offered. Language: en
Urinary pCO2 as an index of collecting duct hydrogen ion secretion during chronic hypercapnia.

Abstract The rise in urinary pCO2 above blood pCO2 which occurs in response to bicarbonate loading (i.e. the urine to blood (U-B) pCO2 gradient), is used with increasing frequency as an index of collecting duct hydrogen ion secretion. We recently proposed, however, that the U-B pCO2 gradient is not an appropriate index of collecting duct hydrogen ion secretion when blood pCO2 is altered acutely. This issue was further investigated by examining the effect of chronic hypercapnia on urinary pCO2 generation. In rats exposed to chronic hypercapnia induced by breathing 10% CO2 for 3 days in an environmental chamber, acute sodium bicarbonate infusion resulted in a U-B pCO2 lower than that of normocapnic control rats (11 +/- 4.6 and 30 +/- 1.8 mm Hg, p less than 0.001). This finding could be interpreted to indicate that collecting duct hydrogen ion secretion is depressed in rats with chronic hypercapnia. The urinary pCO2 of rats with chronic hypercapnia was lower than that of the blood (54 +/- 6.0 and 86 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, p less than 0.005, respectively). In these rats, NaHCO3 infusion, while blood pCO2 was kept constant, elicited a marked rise in urine pCO2 (from 54 +/- 6.0 to 104 +/- 6.0 mm Hg, p less than 0.005) which was not significantly different from that observed in normocapnic control rats. The infusion of carbonic anhydrase resulted in a comparable fall in urine pCO2 in hypercapnic and normocapnic rats (-27 +/- 5 and -30 +/- 3 mm Hg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
NaCl Transport in Tracheal Epithelium

In this review I will focus on the mechanism and regulation of Na+ and Cl-transport by tracheal epithelium. Some features of salt transport that I will discuss are unique to trachea, however, the mechanisms of ion transport are in many ways similar to those in other epithelia. For example at the cellular level, a diverse group of epithelia (including shark rectal gland, cornea, and large and small intestinal epithelia) have a similar mechanism of Cl- secretion. Likewise at the molecular level, many epithelia contain similar ion transport processes, although the individual processes may be located on different membranes than in the trachea. In this review I will note similarities to and differences from other epithelia in the mechanisms and regulation of electrolyte transport. Such comparison and contrast may be helpful in understanding common themes of epithelial function and the evolution of ion transport processes. I will also point out uncertainties and gaps in our knowledge. This approach may help focus important but unanswered questions. I will only discuss the histology in passing and will not cover the mechanism or regulation of mucus secretion.
Kinetics of Uranyl Peroxide Nanocluster (U60) Sorption to Goethite.

The unique properties of uranium-based nanomaterials may significantly impact our current understanding of the fate and transport of U(VI) in environmental systems. Sorption of the uranyl peroxide nanocluster [(UO2)(O2)(OH)]6060- (U60) to goethite (α-FeOOH) was studied using batch sorption experiments as a function of U60 concentration (0.5–2 g·L–1), mineral concentration (100–500 m2·L–1), and pH (8–10). The resulting rate law describing U60 interactions with goethite at pH 9 was R = −krxn[U60]0.29±0.02[goethite]1.2±0.1 where krxn = (6.7 ± 2.0) × 10–4 (g·L–1)0.71±0.02(m2·L–1)−1.2±0.1(day–1). The largest fraction of U60 removed from solution was at pH 8, which is below the isoelectric point of the goethite used in this study. Site density calculations suggest that U60 may exist on the goethite surface at a center-to-center distance of 5.4–6.5 nm, depending upon pH, which mirrors the center-to-center distance observed in the aqueous phase near the U60 solubility limit. At pH 10, approximately 20% uranium wa...
On the Stories Told by Indicator Diagrams and Carnot Diagrams

Abstract The “Carnot Diagram,” so prevalent in conveying the Second Law of Thermodynamics, had a prehistory in the indicator diagrams used by some practical engineers to diagnose the ailments of steam engines and to improve their operation. These diagnoses can be understood in narrative terms, analogous to the case reports of physicians. A different narrative understanding can be extended to the series of theoretical works on the maximum power obtainable from heat engines by mathematical engineers and physicists: Sadi Carnot, Benoit Paul Emile Clapeyron, Rudolf Clausius, and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin). The narrative interpretation is important for understanding how versions of the Carnot Diagram functioned in their analytic reasoning and in their perspective on the directionality of natural processes, such as heat passing on its own from hot to cold and never the reverse.
Data Stewardship Week in an academic library: An overview

In the information age, data stewardship is crucial for individual and organizational productivity. It is easy to get overwhelmed by vast amounts of information being created every second. Information overload has become a common occurrence in the workplace to the extent that people “spend more time searching for the right information, leaving them less time for proper analyses using the acquired information.” Thus, the excess of information in the workplace can lead to stress, lack of productivity, and information fatigue.
Extent of Mississippi River water in the Mississippi Bight and Louisiana Shelf based on water isotopes

Abstract The northern Gulf of Mexico is a complex and very productive coastal river-dominated system that receives freshwater from numerous rivers including the Mississippi River. The dynamics of coastal ecosystems in the northern Gulf of Mexico are greatly influenced by the freshwater discharge but also by the high nutrient loads carried by the Mississippi River that lead to the seasonal development of one of the largest coastal hypoxic areas. Constraining the origin and fate of the freshwater inputs in the northern Gulf of Mexico will help increase understanding the physical and biogeochemical processes occurring in this region. Here, we focus on investigating the extent of the Mississippi River plume on both sides of the Mississippi River Delta: to the east in the Mississippi Bight, and to the west over the Louisiana Shelf. We determined the water isotopic signature (δ18O and δD) along with salinity of the different river plumes and performed a river mixing model on the coastal waters. Our findings provide useful information to better understand the functioning of the northern Gulf of Mexico ecosystem. In particular, the development of hypoxia is often attributed to the nutrient load of the Mississippi River, yet the Mississippi River seemed to have a limited influence on the Mississippi Bight. That is, the dominant source of freshwater in the Bight was supplied by local Mississippi/Alabama rivers. Furthermore, the water isotope mixing model showed that the source of freshwater to the Louisiana Shelf was dominated by the Atchafalaya River in summer, and by the Mississippi River during non-summer seasons. This pattern is consistent with the general shelf circulation that reverses in summer, but could not have been shown solely by the use of salinity.
Effectiveness of Group Play Therapy on Problematic Behaviors and Symptoms of Anxiety of Preschool Children

ABSTRACTThe current study explored the effects of child-centered group play therapy (CCGPT) on anxiety symptoms and problematic classroom behaviors of preschool children. Using a single case design...
Establishing microbial composition measurement standards with reference frames

Differential abundance analysis is controversial throughout microbiome research. Gold standard approaches require laborious measurements of total microbial load, or absolute number of microorganisms, to accurately determine taxonomic shifts. Therefore, most studies rely on relative abundance data. Here, we demonstrate common pitfalls in comparing relative abundance across samples and identify two solutions that reveal microbial changes without the need to estimate total microbial load. We define the notion of "reference frames", which provide deep intuition about the compositional nature of microbiome data. In an oral time series experiment, reference frames alleviate false positives and produce consistent results on both raw and cell-count normalized data. Furthermore, reference frames identify consistent, differentially abundant microbes previously undetected in two independent published datasets from subjects with atopic dermatitis. These methods allow reassessment of published relative abundance data to reveal reproducible microbial changes from standard sequencing output without the need for new assays.
Venous Ulcers: Diagnosis and Treatment

Venous ulcers are the most common type of chronic lower extremity ulcers, affecting 1% to 3% of the U.S. population. Venous hypertension as a result of venous reflux (incompetence) or obstruction is thought to be the primary underlying mechanism for venous ulcer formation. Risk factors for the development of venous ulcers include age 55 years or older, family history of chronic venous insufficiency, higher body mass index, history of pulmonary embolism or superficial/deep venous thrombosis, lower extremity skeletal or joint disease, higher number of pregnancies, parental history of ankle ulcers, physical inactivity, history of ulcers, severe lipodermatosclerosis, and venous reflux in deep veins. Poor prognostic signs for healing include ulcer duration longer than three months, initial ulcer length of 10 cm or more, presence of lower limb arterial disease, advanced age, and elevated body mass index. On physical examination, venous ulcers are generally irregular and shallow with well-defined borders and are often located over bony prominences. Signs of venous disease, such as varicose veins, edema, or venous dermatitis, may be present. Other associated findings include telangiectasias, corona phlebectatica, atrophie blanche, lipodermatosclerosis, and inverted champagne-bottle deformity of the lower leg. Chronic venous ulcers significantly impact quality of life. Severe complications include infection and malignant change. Current evidence supports treatment of venous ulcers with compression therapy, exercise, dressings, pentoxifylline, and tissue products. Referral to a wound subspecialist should be considered for ulcers that are large, of prolonged duration, or refractory to conservative measures. Early venous ablation and surgical intervention to correct superficial venous reflux can improve healing and decrease recurrence rates.
Tod "Theo" Sloan (1952-2018).

Presents an obituary for Tod "Theo" Sloan (1952-2018). Tod identified as a critical psychologist, trained in developmental psychology, and engaged in psychoanalytic psychology (particularly the social justice aspects), counseling psychology, clinical psychology, peace psychology, and community psychology. As a scholar-activist, he worked for Central American solidarity, peace, local sustainability, and social justice. He authored numerous books, including Life Choices: Understanding Decisions and Dilemmas (1996) and Damaged Life: The Crisis of the Modern Psyche (2016). Tod also cofounded and coedited the Journal for Social Action in Counseling Psychology (2006-2016) and edited Critical Theory and Practice in Psychologyand the Human Sciences from 2005 until his death. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Report of the ALCTS Technical Services Workflow Efficiency Interest Group Meeting. American Library Association Annual Conference, Las Vegas, June 2014

The ALCTS Technical Services Workflow Efficiency Interest Group held its meeting on Monday, June 30, 2014 at the American Library Association Annual Conference in Las Vegas. In this session, attend...
Theoretical Analysis of Optical Absorption Spectra of Parallel Nanowire Dimers and Dolmen Trimers

Plasmonic nanoparticles are well-known for their properties of electromagnetic field enhancement and surface spectroscopy enhancement. We used the plasmon hybridization method and group theory to s...
Characterization of serial hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging in patients with glioma.

Abstract Background Hyperpolarized carbon-13 (HP-13C) MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique for probing brain metabolism, which may improve clinical cancer surveillance. This work aimed to characterize the consistency of serial HP-13C imaging in patients undergoing treatment for brain tumors and determine whether there is evidence of aberrant metabolism in the tumor lesion compared to normal-appearing tissue. Methods Serial dynamic HP [1-13C]pyruvate MRI was performed on 3 healthy volunteers (6 total examinations) and 5 patients (21 total examinations) with diffuse infiltrating glioma during their course of treatment, using a frequency-selective echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence. HP-13C imaging at routine clinical timepoints overlapped treatment, including radiotherapy (RT), temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, and anti-angiogenic/investigational agents. Apparent rate constants for [1-13C]pyruvate conversion to [1-13C]lactate (kPL) and [13C]bicarbonate (kPB) were simultaneously quantified based on an inputless kinetic model within normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and anatomic lesions defined from 1H MRI. The inter/intra-subject consistency of kPL-NAWM and kPB-NAWM was measured in terms of the coefficient of variation (CV). Results When excluding scans following anti-angiogenic therapy, patient values of kPL-NAWM and kPB-NAWM were 0.020 s−1 ± 23.8% and 0.0058 s−1 ± 27.7% (mean ± CV) across 17 HP-13C MRIs, with intra-patient serial kPL-NAWM/kPB-NAWM CVs ranging 6.8–16.6%/10.6–40.7%. In 4/5 patients, these values (0.018 s−1 ± 13.4% and 0.0058 s−1 ± 24.4%; n = 13) were more similar to those from healthy volunteers (0.018 s−1 ± 5.0% and 0.0043 s−1 ± 12.6%; n = 6) (mean ± CV). The anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab was associated with global elevations in apparent rate constants, with maximum kPL-NAWM in 2 patients reaching 0.047 ± 0.001 and 0.047 ± 0.003 s−1 (±model error). In 3 patients with progressive disease, anatomic lesions showed elevated kPL relative to kPL-NAWM of 0.024 ± 0.001 s−1 (±model error) in the absence of gadolinium enhancement, and 0.032 ± 0.008, 0.040 ± 0.003 and 0.041 ± 0.009 s−1 with gadolinium enhancement. The lesion kPB in patients was reduced to unquantifiable values compared to kPB-NAWM. Conclusion Serial measures of HP [1-13C]pyruvate metabolism displayed consistency in the NAWM of healthy volunteers and patients. Both kPL and kPB were globally elevated following bevacizumab treatment, while progressive disease demonstrated elevated kPL in gadolinium-enhancing and non-enhancing lesions. Larger prospective studies with homogeneous patient populations are planned to evaluate metabolic changes following treatment.
Oral Manifestations Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection frequently causes oral lesions. Oral candidiasis is the most common oral infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and may be noted in four morphologic forms. Hairy leukoplakia is an oral lesion that may help identify HIV-infected patients. Kaposi’s sarcoma is the most common oral tumor noted in patients with AIDS. Oral lesions in HIV-infected patients may be difficult to treat, but in many cases, effective symptomatic relief may be afforded.
Hydrogel Matrix Presence and Composition Influences Drug Responses of Encapsulated Glioblastoma Spheroids

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor with median patient survival of 12-15 months. To facilitate treatment development, bioengineered GBM models that adequately recapitulate the in vivo tumor microenvironment are needed. Matrix-encapsulated multicellular spheroids represent such model because they recapitulate solid tumor characteristics, such as hypoxic core, cell-cell, and cell-matrix interactions. Yet, there is no consensus as to which matrix properties are key to improving the predictive capacity of spheroid-based drug screening platforms. We used a hydrogel-encapsulated GBM spheroid model, where matrix properties were independently altered to investigate their effect on GBM spheroid characteristics and drug responsiveness. We focused on hydrogel degradability, tuned via enzymatically degradable crosslinkers, and hydrogel adhesiveness, tuned via integrin ligands. We observed increased cellular infiltration of GBM spheroids and increased resistance to temozolomide in degradable, adhesive hydrogels compared to spheroids in non-degradable, non-adhesive hydrogels or to free-floating spheroids. Further, a higher infiltration index was noted for spheroids in adhesive compared to non-adhesive degradable hydrogels. For spheroids in degradable hydrogels, we determined that infiltrating cells were more susceptible to temozolomide compared to cells in the spheroid core. The temozolomide susceptibility of the infiltrating cells was independent of integrin adhesion. We further demonstrated that differential drug responses could not be attributed to differential cellular proliferation or stemness or limited drug penetration into the hydrogel matrix. Our results suggest that cell-matrix interactions guide GBM spheroid drug responsiveness and that further elucidation of these interactions could enable the engineering of more predictive drug screening platforms.
Joint TOA and DOA Estimation for UWB Systems with Antenna Array via Doubled Frequency Sample Points and Extended Number of Clusters

The ultra-wideband (UWB) system, which transmits information using nanosecond or even sub-nanosecond pulses, has been widely applied in precise positioning. In this paper, we investigate the problem of the time of arrival (TOA) estimation and the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in the UWB systems with antenna array and propose a joint TOA and DOA estimation algorithm with doubled frequency sample points and extended number of clusters. Specifically, the proposed algorithm uses two antennas to receive impinging signals and utilizes the conjugate symmetry characteristic of the delay matrices to extend the sample points as well as the number of clusters. Moreover, in order to obtain TOA estimates with low computational complexity, the proposed algorithm transforms the two-dimensional (2D) spectral search to one-dimensional (1D) searches. The DOA estimates can then be achieved by using the TOA estimation results and the geometric information. Simulation results are given to testify the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Integrated debugging and performance monitoring for parallel programs

Based on experiences with various debugging tools, the authors believe that the ideal tool represents several forms of integration: integration of scope from simple debugging to advanced performance monitoring; integration of techniques such as graphical and textual displays and real-time and postmortem analysis; connections between event monitoring and execution control; coordination of instrumentation in the parallel operating system with that in the tool; and a considered user interface throughout all components of the tool. Each of these forms of integration is briefly discussed. >
The relationship between discontinuous yielding and cyclic behavior in polycrystalline molybdenum

The fatigue properties of polycrystalline molybdenum at room temperature have been determined by axial tension-compression tests in both stress and strain control modes to give lives of up to 106 cycles. Under the appropriate conditions, the endurance limit can be considerably reduced,e.g., the stress to cause failure in 106 cycles decreases from ∼42,000 psi at 5 cps to ∼28,000 psi at 0.5 cps. The fatigue resistance as assessed by either strain control or by stress control is discussed in relation to the tensile and creep behavior, and it is concluded that the reduction in the long life fatigue resistance with decrease in the cyclic frequency is due to the time dependent generation of a mobile dislocation population. The previously accepted value of 0.6 for the ratioFL/UTS for bcc metals can be attributed to this frequency effect. A lower value for this ratio, 0.4, can be derived from the high frequency data by the use of an extrapolation technique. This lower value is confirmed by long life, low frequency tests, in agreement with the value for fcc metals. The importance of obtaining fatigue data under comparable states of mobile dislocation density is emphasized, particularly for materials exhibiting pronounced tensile yield points, in order that meaningful comparisons can be made between different materials.
Investigation of the distribution of fission products among molten fuel and reactor phases: (II). The distribution of fission products between molten iron and a molten uranium dioxide-basalt mixture

Abstract The solubility of uranium dioxide in molten basalt has been determined at 1550°C to be between 5 and 7 wt % and at 2200°C to be between 50 and 55 wt %. The distribution of some of the more important heat-producing fission products between molten iron and a molten uranium dioxide-basalt mixture has been studied. This has been done to evalutate the use of basalt as a fuel diluent and sacrificial material in a fast breeder reactor and to predict the fission product heat distribution in such a system. It was found that lanthanum, cerium and niobium were distributed to the molten uranium dioxide-basalt mixture, and molybdenum and ruthenium were distributed to the molten-iron phase.
Takayasu's arteritis in Crohn's disease

This report describes a patient with coexistent Grohn's colitis and Takayasu's arteritis involving the thoracic aorta, superior mesenteric artery, and left hepatic artery. Unlike most previously reported cases of this association, characteristic histopathology is demonstrated. This case is also unusual in that the Takayasu's arteritis presented as aneurysmal disease instead of occlusive disease. We believe that Takayasu's arteritis may represent another of the many extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.
Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) supports survival and reproduction in starving rhizobia.

The carbon that rhizobia in root nodules receive from their host powers both N2 fixation, which mainly benefits the host, and rhizobium reproduction. Rhizobia also store energy in the lipid poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), which may enhance rhizobium survival when they are carbon limited, either in nodules or in the soil between hosts. There can be a conflict of interest between rhizobia and legumes over the rate of PHB accumulation, due to a metabolic tradeoff between N2 fixation and PHB accumulation. To quantify the benefits of PHB to carbon-limited rhizobia, populations of genetically uniform rhizobia with high vs. low PHB (confirmed by flow cytometry) were generated by fractionating Sinorhizobium meliloti via density gradient centrifugation, and also by harvesting cells at early vs. late stationary phase. These rhizobia were starved for 165 days. PHB use during starvation was highly predictive of both initial reproduction and long-term population maintenance. Cultured S. meliloti accumulated enough PHB to triple their initial population size when starved, and to persist for c. 150 days before the population fell below its initial value. During the first 21 days of nodule growth, undifferentiated S. meliloti within alfalfa nodules accumulated enough PHB to support significant increases in reproduction and survival during starvation.
Effective Elastic Moduli of Ribbon-Reinforced Composites

Based on the Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka theory the nine effective elastic constants of an orthotropic composite reinforced with monotonically aligned elliptic cylinders, and the five elastic moduli of a transversely isotropic composite reinforced with two-dimensional randomly-oriented elliptic cylinders, are derived. When the aspect ratio approaches zero, the elliptic cylinders exist as thin ribbons, and these moduli are given in very simple, explicit forms as a function of volume fraction. These results are in direct contrast to those of circular fibers
The Interaction of Body Morphology, Directional Kinematics, and Environmental Structure in the Generation of Neonatal Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Locomotor Behavior

We show that modeling directional kinematics is especially important for understanding spatial patterns of behavior in an arena. In rats, although patterns of locomotion appear to be under sensory control, they may be largely if not entirely explained, during early locomotor development, by the directional kinematics of random movement together with morphological/environmental constraints. Different relative probabilities of forward movement versus lateral movement (lateral:forward ratio; LFR) have dramatic consequences for the patterns of movement of modeled agents in an arena. These patterns of movement, produced by rigid-bodied agents, are also modified by increasing morphological realism in our model, wherein agents are able to bend and flex like rat pups. For both morphological designs, agents run with empirically derived LFRs matched metrics of movement for 7-day-old pups very well and 10-day-old rat pups fairly well. We conclude that LFR is an important parameter in modeling (a) patterns of dynamic...
Curved QCD string dynamics

We consider the effects of going beyond the approximation of a straight string in mesons by using a flexible flux tube model wherein a Nambu-Goto string bends in response to quark accelerations. The curved string is dynamically identical to the straight string even for ultra-relativistic mesons except for a small additional radial momentum. We numerically solve the curved string model in the case where both ends have equal mass quarks and also in the case where one end is fixed. No approximation of non-relativistic motion is made. We note some small but interesting differences from the straight string.
Interlaboratory comparison of four in vitro assays for assessing androgenic and antiandrogenic activity of environmental chemicals.

We evaluated and compared four in vitro assays to detect androgen agonists and antagonists in an international interlaboratory study. Laboratory 1 used a cell proliferation assay (assay 1) with hum...
Familial ovarian cancer.

Abstract A family with epithelial ovarian carcinoma occurring in five members spanning three generations is presented. The pattern of appearance of the malignancies in this family is consistent with autosomal dominant transmission. The literature relating to familial ovarian cancer is reviewed and the management of women at risk for the development of ovarian cancer in these families is discussed.
Anthropometric and body build variables as discriminators of event participation in elite adolescent male track and field athletes

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which anthropometric and body build measures discriminated between elite adolescent male athletes competing in different track and field events. One hundred and six national‐level Junior Olympic male athletes (mean age ± s.d. = 17.7±0.7 yr) volunteered as subjects. The sample included 26 middle distance runners, 24 sprinters/hurdlers, 39 jumpers and 17 throwers. The body build variables measured included fat‐free body weight/height (FFB/Ht), the sum of 6 skinfolds (SUM‐SF), the sum of 12 diameters (SUM‐D), the sum of 11 circumferences (SUM‐C), biacromial diameter/bi‐iliac diameter (BA/BI) and the bidimensional somatotype rating components X (ectomorphic rating—endomorphic rating) and Y [twice the mesomorphic rating — (endomorphic+ ectomorphic rating)]. Multiple discriminant analysis revealed three significant (P<0.05) discriminant functions (DF1, DF2, DF3). Validation of the discriminant functions revealed an overall value of 76.8% of subje...
Factors predicting substance dependence and psychotropic medication use among offenders in community corrections.

Abstract Co-occurring substance abuse and mental illness is prevalent among criminal offenders, but little is known about risk factors for these co-occurring disorders (COD) in community corrections population. To identify risk factors for COD in community corrections offenders, we analyzed assessment data from 5,595 offenders maintained under community supervision at a substance use diversion program. Three groups, offenders with substance use disorders who were taking psychotropic medications (SUPM), offenders with a substance use disorder (SUD) only and controls were compared. Logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of SUPM versus SUD only and controls. SUPM status was predicted by being White or Female, having some medical insurance (private or government aided), being unemployed, prior history of abuse/trauma, and prior history of suicidal ideation or behavior. Offenders with substance use disorders and co-occurring psychiatric problems face salient social risk that may need to be targeted through integrated services.
Science, science education and their discontents: a response to commentaries on the paper, Portrait of a Science Teacher as a Bricoleur: A case study from India

In this response to commentaries by Ali Sammel, Jhumki Basu and Alberto Rodriguez, I present my perspective on three important issues raised by the commentators. These issues relate to the role of a researcher in her field settings and society, the critique of science and science education as oppressive dominant discourses, and co-opting participants as researchers. I argue that researchers should work actively for progressive change in discursive fields such as educational research, in which they are firmly embedded rather than playing an interventionist role in field settings where their discursive positionality maybe temporary and not that rooted. Regarding the critique of science and science education, my response favors a perspective wherein an understanding of the marginalization and oppression of non-western communities caused by western science and science education is counterbalanced by an appreciation of the ways in which marginalized communities can use science and science education for affecting progressive change. Lastly, I recognize the value of co-opting participants in writing and communication of research. Open image in new window
Do high-tannin leaves require more roots?

The well-known deceleration of nitrogen (N) cycling in the soil resulting from addition of large amounts of foliar condensed tannins may require increased fine-root growth in order to meet plant demands for N. We examined correlations between fine-root production, plant genetics, and leaf secondary compounds in Populus angustifolia, P. fremontii, and their hybrids. We measured fine-root (<2mm) production and leaf chemistry along an experimental genetic gradient where leaf litter tannin concentrations are genetically based and exert strong control on net N mineralization in the soil. Fine-root production was highly correlated with leaf tannins and individual tree genetic composition based upon genetic marker estimates, suggesting potential genetic control of compensatory root growth in response to accumulation of foliar secondary compounds in soils. We suggest, based on previous studies in our system and the current study, that genes for tannin production could link foliar chemistry and root growth, which may provide a powerful setting for external feedbacks between above- and belowground processes.
Vascular depression: Recent advances

This manuscript reviews the recent advances in the understanding of depression accompanied by cerebrovascular disease, the “vascular depression” concept, and the approaches to primary and secondary prevention, and treatment. An idea of a cerebrovascular affective-cognitive continuum is also discussed. An improved understanding of the cerebrovascular continuum disorders, underlying pathophysiology, and approaches to management of vascular depression is likely to improve the quality of life of patients and their families, and reduce the cost of care for society.
New visions and revisions: why isn't graduate education in psychology more relevant to professional practice?

C.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott (this issue) propose a four level matrix model for graduate education in the 21st century. The model is critically reviewed and found to be robust and heuristic. Several critical issues confronting training directors in the 21st century that are not acknowledged by Snyder and Elliott are identified and discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Treatment strategies and outcomes in patients with infected aortic endografts

Objective Endovascular abdominal (EVAR) and thoracic (TEVAR) endografts allow aneurysm repair in high-risk patients, but infectious complications may be devastating. We reviewed treatment and outcomes in patients with infected aortic endografts. Methods Twenty-four patients were treated between January 1997 and July 2012. End points were mortality, morbidity, graft-related complications, or reinfection. Results Twenty males and four females with median age of 70 years (range, 35-80 years) had 21 infected EVARs and 3 TEVARs. Index repairs performed at our institution included eight EVARs and two TEVARs (10/1300; 0.77%). There were 19 primary endograft infections, 4 graft-enteric fistulae, and 1 aortobronchial fistula. Median time from repair to presentation was 11 months (range, 1-102 months); symptoms were fever in 17, abdominal pain in 11, and psoas abscess in 3. An organism was identified in 19 patients (8 mono- and 11 polymicrobial); most commonly Staphylococcus in 12 and Streptococcus in 6. All but one patient had successful endograft explantation. Abdominal aortic reconstruction was in situ repair in 21 (15 rifampin-soaked, 2 femoral vein, and 4 cryopreserved) and axillobifemoral bypass in three critically ill patients. Infected TEVARs were treated with rifampin-soaked grafts using hypothermic circulatory arrest. Early mortality (30 days or in-hospital) was 4% (n = 1). Morbidity occurred in 16 (67%) patients (10 renal, 5 wound-related, 3 pulmonary, and 1 had a cardiac event). Median hospital stay was 14 days (range, 6-78 days). One patient treated with in situ rifampin-soaked graft had a reinfection with fatal anastomotic blowout on day 44. At 14 months median follow-up (range, 1-82 months), patient survival, graft-related complications, and reinfection rates were 79%, 13%, and 4%, respectively. Conclusions Endograft explantation and in situ reconstruction to treat infections can be performed safely. Extra-anatomic bypass may be used in high-risk patients. Resection of all infected aortic wall is recommended to prevent anastomotic breakdown. Despite high early morbidity, the risk of long-term graft-related complications and reinfections is low.
Filipino attitudes toward pain medication. A lesson in cross-cultural care.

Information about cultural patterns presented in this article and others in this series represents generalizations, which should not be mistaken for stereotypes. Cultural generalizations will not fit every patient, but awareness of broad patterns can give practitioners a starting point from which to provide appropriate care. The information on Filipino symptom management in this essay is taken from R Cantos and E Rivera's chapter in Culture and Nursing Care: A Pocket Guide, edited by J G Lipson, S L Dibble, and P A Minarek and published by University of California, San Francisco, Nursing Press (1996). One of the comments I frequently hear in my nursing classes is that there is a tendency among Filipino nurses to undermedicate their patients who are having pain. I am told that if a physician prescribes a range of dosages, they will often choose to administer the lowest dose. One evening, I decided to ask the Filipino students in my class if that were really the case and, if so, why. Many of them agreed with the statement and offered me a number of explanations, including that pain medication is scarce in the Philippines, so they are trained to use as little as possible to make it go further. Among other reasons is that stoicism is highly valued and, for Catholic Filipinos, suffering is an opportunity to demonstrate virtue. A few minutes into the discussion, I noticed tears falling from the eyes of one of the Filipino students. When I asked Cecilia what was wrong, she quietly explained that her mother had died of cancer a year earlier. Because she was a nurse, the hospice had arranged for her to administer the strong dosages of medication necessary to ease her mother's pain. Cecilia did so, but automatically cut the dosages in half before giving the medication. She certainly did not want her mother to become a drug addict. Besides, her mother never complained about not getting enough medication. Now, through the class discussions, she realized that her long-ingrained habits and attitudes toward pain medication had caused her mother needless suffering. Her mother was dying; “addiction” was a meaningless concept at this point in her life. But her mother was gone, and there was nothing she could do to make up for it.1
Trichobezoar in a four-year-old child

Summary A brief discussion of trichobezoar with a rare case occurring in a 41/2-year-old child has been presented.
Imaging porphyrin-based molecules on a gold substrate in ambient conditions

Covalently tethering porphyrin-based molecules to an otherwise inert gold substrate allows them to be imaged in an ambient environment using scanning tunneling microscopy. Interpretation of the data is aided by comparing images of mono- and diporphyrin molecules taken with the same tip. At low coverage we obtain a markedly larger average particle size (396 [angstrom][sup 2]) for diporphyrins than for monoporphyrins (121 [angstrom][sup 2]). The particle size distributions are very broad, but the images show a characteristic variation of contrast with tip bias, suggesting that the heterogeneity is due to different molecular conformations rather than contamination. We find evidence of ordered structures at high coverage. 16 refs., 3 figs.
Production of an interspecific hybrid between Texas and Argentine bluegrass

Texas and Argentine bluegrass are both dioecious Poa species with distinct morphological characteristics. Argentine bluegrass has a bunch-type growth habit, fine upright leaves and does not produce rhizomes. Texas bluegrass spreads by rhizomes and has wider, longer leaves. In an effort to produce novel germplasm with forage or turf potential, experiments were conducted to determine whether hybrid seed could be produced. Crosses were made using pollen from an Argentine male to fertilize two Texas female plants. Parents were induced to flower in the greenhouse by extending the photoperiod to 18 h with 400 W high-pressure sodium lamps from late December to April. The two crosses produced >200 seeds each. Hybrid seedlings segregated for traits from both parents. A sorghum-derived SSR marker confirmed the hybrid nature of a group of seedlings. Seeds harvested from F 1 plants using Texas or Texas x Argentine pollen lost the undesirable cottony characteristic of Texas bluegrass. Evaluations for forage and turf potential of hybrid and later generation seed are planned.
Psychopathy, mental deficiency, aggressiveness and the XYY syndrome.

IN a recent survey of mentally sub-normal male patients with “dangerous, violent or criminal propensities”, Jacobs and colleagues1 found that seven of 197 inmates had an XYY sex chromosome constitution. This high frequency together with the findings of Casey et al.2 in a similar population leads to the suggestion that one or more of the attributes of this type of institutional population may be associated with the presence of an extra Y chromosome. It was noted that these XYY males were strikingly tall compared with their fellow inmates, though otherwise physically unremarkable3. This was so marked in the original population that about 50 per cent of those 72in. tall or more were of XYY constitution. We have attempted to confirm and extend these investigations and report here our preliminary findings from a survey in a comparable population in the United States.
EFFECTS OF ANTS AND AN ANT-TENDED HERBIVORE ON SEED PRODUCTION OF A NEOTROPICAL HERB

This study examined a complex interaction among species, focused on (1) a neotropical perennial plant, Calathea ovandensis (Marantaceae), that produces extrafloral nectar, (2) ants that visit the nectaries, (3) an ant-tended specialist herbivore, Eurybia elvina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), that feeds on buds, flowers, and fruits, and (4) other herbivores of reproductive tissues. We experimentally investigated: (1) to what extent seed production was influenced by ants and herbivores, and (2) whether spatial variation in seed production was influenced by spatial variation in the ant community. The lowest seed production (x = 6) was for inflorescences with Eurybia but without ants. Highest seed production (x = 21) was for inflorescences with ants, but without Eurybia. In the presence of ants, Eurybia lowered mean seed production by 33%. In the absence of ants, Eurybia lowered mean seed production by 66%. The eight ant species differed greatly in the magnitude of their beneficial effects on seed production. Ants were not equally distributed over sites, and spatial heterogeneity in seed production by Calathea reflected differences in ant communities among sites. We conclude that variation and interdependence of various components of plant-animal interactions are likely to result in variation in the magnitude of their beneficial or detrimental impact on plants. Such variation should be incorporated into plant demographic models as spatially varying alternate life history paths to yield insight into the evolutionary impact of plant-animal interactions.
Isotopic tracer and NMR studies of carbonaceous species present during CO hydrogenation over Ru/TiO2

Isotopic tracer and NMR experiments have revealed the presence of carbidic carbon atoms and alkyl groups on a RuTiO2 catalyst during CO hydrogenation. The carbidic carbon, which covers about 25% of the catalyst surface, is composed of two separate species, a methane precursor and a monomer building block for hydrocarbon chain growth. Modeling results indicate that both carbidic carbon species are formed directly from CO and that 80% of the carbidic carbon serves only as a monomer building block. The alkyl groups are divided into two separate species, C′β and C″β. The C′β pool consists of the intermediates to C2+ hydrocarbon products, whereas the C″β pool consists of longer alkyl chains which accumulate continuously during reaction and are believed to reside on the support.
Effects of animation on naming and identification across two graphic symbol sets representing verbs and prepositions

Purpose The effects of animation on naming and identification of graphic symbols for verbs and prepositions were studied in 2 graphic symbol sets in preschoolers. Method Using a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 completely randomized block design, preschoolers across three age groups were randomly assigned to combinations of symbol set (Autism Language Program [ALP] Animated Graphics or Picture Communication Symbols [PCS]), symbol format (animated or static), and word class (verbs or prepositions). Children were asked to name symbols and to identify a target symbol from an array given the spoken label. Results Animated symbols were more readily named than static symbols, although this was more pronounced for verbs than for prepositions. ALP symbols were named more accurately than PCS in particular with prepositions. Animation did not facilitate identification. ALP symbols for prepositions were identified better than PCS, but there was no difference for verbs. Finally, older children guessed and identified symbols more effect...
Molecular aspects of chloride cell formation in Oncorhynchus. II. Isolation and characterization of gill transfer RNA's during active salt secretion

The transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs) from gill filaments of coho salmon, Oncorynchus kisutch, have been isolated and were separated into individual species of acceptor tRNAs by reversed-phase column chromotography. Crude tRNAs isolated from gill filaments undergoing active salt excretion were acrylated with 14C-amino acids and combined with tRNAs acylated with 3H-amino acids, but obtained from non-secreting filaments. The radioactively labeled tRNA mixture was cochromatographed and the results showed significant differences in the elution profiles of tRNAasp and tRNAtyr. These elution profiles may reflect the differentiation of the chloride cell population that is found within the gill epithelium.
Activation of interleukin-6/STAT3 and liver regeneration following transplantation.

Abstract Background. Every liver that is procured, stored, and transplanted experiences injury from cold ischemia and reperfusion. Most recover quickly, but some grafts sustain enough injury to result in prolonged organ dysfunction or require retransplantation. The molecular mechanisms involved in early graft function and recovery following cold ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) after liver transplantation have not been well defined. Interleukin (IL)-6 is a critical factor in the mitogenic response within the liver, and is important for cell cycle progression and protection from injury. Activation of the latent transcription factor, STAT3, is dependent on IL-6 release. The role of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway and hepatocellular regeneration in graft recovery and cell cycle progression following cold ischemia and reperfusion was studied in a rat liver transplant orthotopic (OLT) model. Methods. Rat OLT was performed in a syngeneic model. The presence, time course, and magnitude of expression of IL-6, STAT3 activation, and upregulation of target immediate early genes were determined in liver grafts with minimal ( Results. Prolonged cold ischemia resulted in increased IL-6 expression and STAT3 activation. This correlated with upregulation of jun B, c- fos, c- myc, and c- jun, immediate early genes associated with hepatic regeneration. Extensive DNA replication was present in livers with 12-h ischemia, demonstrating successful completion of the cell cycle. Conclusions. The participation of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway leading to cell cycle progression and regeneration is an important component in the recovery of organs immediately following cold preservation and transplantation.
A flexible docking approach for prediction of T cell receptor–peptide–MHC complexes

T cell receptors (TCRs) are immune proteins that specifically bind to antigenic molecules, which are often foreign peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex proteins (pMHCs), playing a key role in the cellular immune response. To advance our understanding and modeling of this dynamic immunological event, we assembled a protein-protein docking benchmark consisting of 20 structures of crystallized TCR/pMHC complexes for which unbound structures exist for both TCR and pMHC. We used our benchmark to compare predictive performance using several flexible and rigid backbone TCR/pMHC docking protocols. Our flexible TCR docking algorithm, TCRFlexDock, improved predictive success over the fixed backbone protocol, leading to near-native predictions for 80% of the TCR/pMHC cases among the top 10 models, and 100% of the cases in the top 30 models. We then applied TCRFlexDock to predict the two distinct docking modes recently described for a single TCR bound to two different antigens, and tested several protein modeling scoring functions for prediction of TCR/pMHC binding affinities. This algorithm and benchmark should enable future efforts to predict, and design of uncharacterized TCR/pMHC complexes.