cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A closer look at CMB constraints on WIMP dark matter

We use Cosmic Microwave Background data from the WMAP, SPT, BICEP, and QUaD experiments to obtain constraints on the dark matter particle mass m , and show that the combined data requires m > 7:6 GeV at the 95% condence level for the ! b b channel assuming s wave annihilation and a thermal cross sectionh avi = 3 10 26 cm 3 =s. We examine whether the bound on m is sensitive to 8 measurements made by galaxy cluster observations. The large uncertainty in 8 and the degeneracy with m allow only small improvements in the dark matter mass bound. Increasing the number of eective neutrino-like degrees of freedom to Ne = 3:85 improves the mass bound to m > 8:6 GeV at 95% condence, for the ! b b channel. We also study models in which dark matter halos at z < 60 reionize the Universe. We compute the Ostriker-Vishniac power resulting from partial reionization at intermediate redshifts 10 < z < 60, but nd the eect to be small. We discuss the importance of the large angle polarization as a complementary probe of dark matter annihilation. By performing Monte Carlo simulations, we show that future experiments that measure the EE power spectrum from 20 < l < 50 can exclude m 10 GeV at the 2 (3) level provided the error bars are smaller than 4 (3) cosmic variance. We show that the Planck experiment will signicantly improve our knowledge of dark matter properties.
[The role of RNA pooling technique in the diagnosis of acute HIV infection and the estimation on HIV incidence among low-grade-venues female sex workers].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility of RNA pooling technique in the diagnosis on acute HIV infection among female sex workers (FSWs) working at the low-grade venues. METHODS: Plasma samples from the low-grade-venue FSWs in Guangxi in 2011 were tested for HIV antibody using the rapid testing method. All samples which were HIV antibody negative in the rapid testing were tested for HIV RNA with RNA pooling technique. FSWs who showed HIV RNA positive were tested for HIV antibody by Western blot method in 3 months. The HIV incidence in the low-grade venue FSWs was counted under the estimation formula. RESULTS: There were 6 469 cases of FSWs who were recruited in this study. Through rapid testing results showed that HIV antibody was positive in 139 cases with the positive rate as 2.15%. 6 330 FSWs with HIV antibody negative were tested by HIV RNA pooling method with 7 of them showing HIV RNA positive in which 6 cases showed HIV-1 antibody seroconversion thus were diagnosed as acute HIV infection. HIV incidence in low-grade FSWs appeared to be 1.45 per 100 person years (95%CI:1.17-1.76 per 100 person years) in Guangxi. CONCLUSION: Other than regular routine HIV antibody testing it seemed necessary to adopt the HIV RNA pooling strategy in high-risk groups such as FSWs so as to early detect the HIV infection and to timely perform the intervention or treatment programs to prevent sexual transmission of HIV.
Collaborative models for referring expression generation in situated dialogue

In situated dialogue with artificial agents (e.g., robots), although a human and an agent are co-present, the agent's representation and the human's representation of the shared environment are significantly mismatched. Because of this misalignment, our previous work has shown that when the agent applies traditional approaches to generate referring expressions for describing target objects with minimum descriptions, the intended objects often cannot be correctly identified by the human. To address this problem, motivated by collaborative behaviors in human referential communication, we have developed two collaborative models - an episodic model and an installment model - for referring expression generation. Both models, instead of generating a single referring expression to describe a target object as in the previous work, generate multiple small expressions that lead to the target object with the goal of minimizing the collaborative effort. In particular, our installment model incorporates human feedback in a reinforcement learning framework to learn the optimal generation strategies. Our empirical results have shown that the episodic model and the installment model outperform previous non-collaborative models with an absolute gain of 6% and 21% respectively.
Nursery Rhymes in Music and Language Literacy

Nursery rhymes have been a part of childhood for centuries. Spanning the generations, children and adults continue to delight in their poetry and melodies. Educators consider these rhymes tradition...
Sodium Pentobarbital on Temperature and Heart Rate of Rats Subjected to Gold.

ConclusionsIt was found that under a standard test of subjecting a rat to sodium pentobarbital and 5°C, previous exposure to cold modified the body temperatures and heart rates. After 16 hours previous exposure the rats had more ability to recover than did rats without previous exposure. After 37 to 45 days previous exposure, all of the rats had the ability to recover their body temperatures and heart rates. When these rats were allowed to remain at room temperature for periods of 30 to 83 days, most of the rats retained their ability to recover. These results are of interest from the standpoint of modification of a drug response to cold exposure which may be due to the cold exposure affecting the metabolic rate of the pentobarbital. However, no definite conclusions can be made as to the mechanisms involved in these results.
Life history theory and breast cancer risk: methodological and theoretical challenges: Response to "Is estrogen receptor negative breast cancer risk associated with a fast life history strategy?"

In a meta-analysis published by myself and co-authors, we report differences in the life history risk factors for estrogen receptor negative (ER-) and estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers. Our meta-analysis did not find the association of ER- breast cancer risk with fast life history characteristics that Hidaka and Boddy suggest in their response to our article. There are a number of possible explanations for the differences between their conclusions and the conclusions we drew from our meta-analysis, including limitations of our meta-analysis and methodological challenges in measuring and categorizing estrogen receptor status. These challenges, along with the association of ER+ breast cancer with slow life history characteristics, may make it challenging to find a clear signal of ER- breast cancer with fast life history characteristics, even if that relationship does exist. The contradictory results regarding breast cancer risk and life history characteristics illustrate a more general challenge in evolutionary medicine: often different sub-theories in evolutionary biology make contradictory predictions about disease risk. In this case, life history models predict that breast cancer risk should increase with faster life history characteristics, while the evolutionary mismatch hypothesis predicts that breast cancer risk should increase with delayed reproduction. Whether life history tradeoffs contribute to ER- breast cancer is still an open question, but current models and several lines of evidence suggest that it is a possibility.
Studies in Tropical Ascomycetes—IV Some Hypocreales from Trinidad

(1928). Studies in Tropical Ascomycetes—IV Some Hypocreales from Trinidad. Mycologia: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 52-59.
Mutation of β-catenin is an early event in chemically induced mouse hepatocellular carcinogenesis

Mutation of β-catenin is an early event in chemically induced mouse hepatocellular carcinogenesis
Vaginal birth after cesarean section: the demise of routine repeat abdominal delivery.

SUMMARY In light of the abundant very favorable data and considerable published patient experience regarding vaginal birth after cesarean for selected gravidas, the authors are moved to repeat with emphasis the question asked by Dr. Danforth in his recent treatise on cesarean delivery: “The question now is not whether the dictum of automatic repeat cesarean section is still valid, but rather why we continued to adhere to it for more than 60 years, as though it had been carved in stone.”17 From recently published American data, it is obvious that more providers and more patients must be convinced of the safety, efficacy, and cost effectiveness of a selective program of trial of labor and vaginal delivery following previous cesarean birth if we are to effect a significant reduction in this nation’s cesarean birth rate. The policy of “once a cesarean section, always a cesarean section” should be applied correctly only to its intended group of patients with previous uterine fundal or upper-segment incisions. As the advisability of insisting on a trial of labor for all parturients who have no contraindications becomes a signal part of the fabric of obstetric practice in the United States and the remainder of the world, we shall witness the demise of routine repeat abdominal delivery.
Hepatic metastatic disease in pediatric and adolescent solid tumors

The management of hepatic metastatic disease from solid tumors in adults has been extensively described and resection of metastatic liver lesions from colorectal adenocarcinoma, renal adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, testicular cancer, and neuroendocrine tumors (NET) have demonstrated therapeutic benefits in select patients. However, there are few reports in the literature on the management of hepatic metastatic disease in the pediatric and adolescent populations and the effectiveness of hepatic metastasectomy. This may be due to the much lower incidence of pediatric malignancies and the higher chemosensitivity of childhood tumors which make hepatic metastasectomy less likely to be required. We review liver involvement with metastatic disease from the main pediatric solid tumors, including neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor focusing on the management and treatment options. We also review other solid malignant tumors which may have liver metastases including germ cell tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, osteosarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumors and NET. However, these histological subtypes are so rare in the pediatric and adolescent populations that the exact incidence and best management of hepatic metastatic disease are unknown and can only be extrapolated from adult series.
Use of MPTP-Hemiparkinsonian (HP) Monkeys to Evaluate Efficacy of Tissue Implants as a Treatment for Parkinson’s Disease

Although severed peripheral neural axons re-establish functional synapses, in the central nervous system damaged axons fail to regenerate. This had been attributed to the lack of production in damaged brain of “neurotrophic substances” to support axonal growth1. During the last 20 years, however, there have been several important discoveries which have made possible serious attempts to promote repair from damage or degeneration in the central nervous system. An increasing number of studies have sought means for retarding degenerative neurological diseases or for replacing degenerated neurons, particularly in Parkinson’s disease.
The Voice of the Patient Methodology: A Novel Mixed-Methods Approach to Identifying Treatment Goals for Men with Prostate Cancer

Many guidelines advocate the use of shared decision making for men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Decision aids can facilitate the process of shared decision making. Implicit in this approach is the idea that physicians understand which elements of treatment matter to patients. Little formal work exists to guide physicians or developers of decision aids in identifying these attributes. We use a mixed-methods technique adapted from marketing science, the ‘Voice of the Patient’, to describe and identify treatment elements of value for men with localized prostate cancer. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 men treated for prostate cancer in the urology clinic of the West Los Angeles Veteran Affairs Medical Center. We used a qualitative analysis to generate themes in patient narratives, and a quantitative approach, agglomerative hierarchical clustering, to identify attributes of treatment that were most relevant to patients making decisions about prostate cancer. We identified five ‘traditional’ prostate cancer treatment attributes: sexual dysfunction, bowel problems, urinary problems, lifespan, and others’ opinions. We further identified two novel treatment attributes: a treatment’s ability to validate a sense of proactivity and the need for an incision (separate from risks of surgery). Application of a successful marketing technique, the ‘Voice of the Customer’, in a clinical setting elicits non-obvious attributes that highlight unique patient decision-making concerns. Use of this method in the development of decision aids may result in more effective decision support.
Design Methodology and Circuit Techniques for Any-Load Stable LDOs with Instant Load Regulation and Low Noise

Application of the structural methodology to the LDO design creates a new class of circuits: any load stable, with instant transient response, large power supply rejection and low noise. Presented are examples of the embedded in SoC LDOs for the SRAM unit (5 ns reaction time on the load steps), radio transmitter (shaping the required noise vs. frequency curve) and for memory retention in the shutdown state (300 nA quiescent current). These LDOs can operate with or without off-chip load capacitors; they are robust to the process and temperature variations and portable to any CMOS process.
Surgical Outcomes of Chronic Descending Dissections: Type I Versus III DeBakey.

Background We evaluated the results of open operation for the treatment of descending thoracic aneurysm (DTA) and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) in patients with DeBakey type I versus type III chronic aortic dissection. Methods We reviewed our institutional aortic database and compared the results of open repair in patients with type I versus type III chronic aortic dissection. Between 1997 and 2015, 726 patients underwent open DTA or TAAA repair at our institution. The indication for this procedure was chronic dissection in 243 patients (101 type I and 142 type III). Propensity matching was used to neutralize differences in preoperative risk profile. Results Operative mortality was 4% (4 of 101) in type I and 9.2% (13 of 142) in type III ( p = 0.12). The incidence of major postoperative complications was similar between the two groups. Five-year Kaplan-Meyer survival was similar between the groups (68.3% for type I and 72% for type III patients, p 0.80). Five-year risk of reoperation was 3.5% in type I and 6.6% in type III ( p = 0.25). These results were confirmed in 76 propensity-matched pairs. Conclusions Perioperative and midterm results are similar for patients undergoing open TAAA/DTA repair for chronic type I and III dissection. There was a trend toward increased operative mortality and 5-year risk of reoperation in the type III group, but it did not reach statistical significance.
Medical Management of the Patient with Chronic Mechanical Circulatory Support

The management of end-stage heart failure has been revolutionized by continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs). Improvements in CF-LVAD patient survival and their quality of life reflect the evolution in device durability, patient selection and clinical management. Such success has nurtured the exponential rise in patients with mechanical circulatory support and the centers that care for them. However, device-related complications attributed to bleeding, thrombosis, infection and arrhythmias are gaining greater clinical recognition as patient survival with device therapy grows. The following chapter will highlight current medical management strategies in patients with CF-LVAD devices.
College mothers' academic achievement goals as related to their children's attitudes toward learning

The present study considers the relationship between college mothers' academic achievement goals (both learning and performance) and the mothers' attitudes toward their children's schoolwork as well as the relationship between each of these sets of characteristics in mothers and their elementary-school-age children's attitudes about learning. Results indicate that a mother's adoption of learning goals in her college education is positively related to the endorsement of a process/indirect focus with respect to assisting and evaluating her child on academic tasks and is associated with more personal satisfaction with providing homework assistance and greater optimism concerning the benefits of such assistance. Results also suggest that college mothers with more of a learning goal orientation and/or more of a process/indirect focus have children who display a similar concern with learning and a positive attitude about homework. Mothers who adopted more of a person/product focus with respect to their child's schoolwork had children who were less likely to interpret homework and other school tasks as opportunities to learn.
Diamond Milling of IR Materials

We review the use of multi-axis milling as a method for manufacturing freeform optics in brittle materials. Implementing this technology requires understanding of material behavior and error correction/minimization. Several examples with infrared applications are discussed.
Tourism and Human Development

This study investigates the link between tourism and human development, and claims that tourism has a double effect on human development. The investigation is anchored in two theoretical frameworks, the tourism led growth (TLG) and Sen’s capability approach. Based on a production process, the study employs a case study approach applied to Ecuador, and uses cointegration and Granger causality analyses to assess the connectedness between the two constructs. The explored interconnectedness in the case of Ecuador reveals that it is human development that promotes tourism, and not the other way around as was expected. The direct implication is that Ecuador reveals a lopsided human development situation with clear capacity constraints in the tourist sector and the overall economy. The larger implication is that rising incomes will not necessarily prompt enhanced human development performances.
Association Rule Mining Based on Estimation of Distribution Algorithm for Blood Indices

To come over the limitations of Apriori algorithm and association rule mining algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm (GA), this paper proposed a new association rule mining algorithm based on the population-based incremental algorithm (PBIL), which is a kind of distribution estimation algorithms. The proposed association rule-mining algorithm keeps the advantages of GA mining association rules in coding and the fitness function. Through using probability vector possessing learning properties to update the population, the algorithm increases the convergence speed and enhances the searching ability, compared to GA. In the experiment of mining association, rules in blood indices data, PBIL algorithm performs better not only in running time, convergence speed, but also achieve better searching results. Meanwhile, this paper proposed a parallel algorithm for association rule mining based on PBIL and designed a system architecture based on cloud computing for blood indices analysis, providing a good example to apply the new algorithm to cloud computing.
Supporting government performance by capturing the values and expertise of key stakeholders: a delphi/decision support system approach to local revenue planning

Past research suggests that decision-making can be improved by gauging diverse view points from key stakeholders, where a stakeholder is any group or individual that can affect or is affected by the decisions. Two key stakeholders in public policy making are economic experts that can predict the economic consequences of policy decisions, and elected policy-makers who are accountable to the citizens for the outcomes of these decisions. A two-step model combining a Decision Support System and a Delphi type approach is proposed. To test the methodology, the proposed approach was applied to revenue planning in a mid-sized city.
Can your Small Company Acquire Resources as Favorably as the Large Company

Ultimately an organization's survival depends upon access to resources. This access is reflected in prices and other terms of purchase and sale and in costs of borrowing or using equity funds. High...
Is bulk flow plausible in perivascular, paravascular and paravenous channels?

Transport of solutes has been observed in the spaces surrounding cerebral arteries and veins. Indeed, transport has been found in opposite directions in two different spaces around arteries. These findings have motivated hypotheses of bulk flow within these spaces. The glymphatic circulation hypothesis involves flow of cerebrospinal fluid from the cortical subarachnoid space to the parenchyma along the paraarterial (extramural, Virchow–Robin) space around arteries, and return flow to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space via paravenous channels. The second hypothesis involves flow of interstitial fluid from the parenchyma to lymphatic vessels along basement membranes between arterial smooth muscle cells. This article evaluates the plausibility of steady, pressure-driven flow in these channels with one-dimensional branching models. According to the models, the hydraulic resistance of arterial basement membranes is too large to accommodate estimated interstitial perfusion of the brain, unless the flow empties to lymphatic ducts after only several generations (still within the parenchyma). The estimated pressure drops required to drive paraarterial and paravenous flows of the same magnitude are not large, but paravenous flow back to the CSF space means that the total pressure difference driving both flows is limited to local pressure differences among the different CSF compartments, which are estimated to be small. Periarterial flow and glymphatic circulation driven by steady pressure are both found to be implausible, given current estimates of anatomical and fluid dynamic parameters.
A New Algorithm for an Efficient Stabilized Index Two STF for the Original ADAMS Computer Program

Numerical integration methods such as Index Two (I2) and Stabilized Index Two (SI2) gave good results. However, one of their drawbacks, especially for SI2 is an increase of the number of equations with a decrease of sparsity, that somehow reduces the simulation productivity. At the same time methods like I2 and Index One (I1) that use only velocity and accelerations constraints, when simulating tough problems, produce a drift in the displacements so that the geometrical constraints are not satisfied anymore. Hence, an ideal solution will be to use a stabilized method that satisfies the geometric constraints, like the Index Three (I3), reduces the noise in the acceleration and Lagrange Multipliers, as the SI2, at the same time, maintaining the number of equation and sparsity of I3. In this way the simulations produce correct results with good productivity. This paper discusses such an algorithm.
Latina-Owned Businesses: Community Resources for the Prevention Field

The prevention literature has experienced a significant upsurge in the number of publications specifically targeting indigenous (culturally-based) community assets as possible sources for collaborative projects. This article will report findings from two community-based studies of botanical shops and beauty parlors in Massachusetts. These establishments were owned by Latinas who fulfilled both business and helper roles within the community. These resources, in turn, can also be an integral part of any prevention activities specifically targeting women.
Metabolic Syndrome and Amyloid Accumulation in the Aging Brain

Background Recent studies show links between metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Understanding the link between vascular-related health conditions and dementia will help target at risk populations and inform clinical strategies for early detection and prevention of AD. Objective To determine whether metabolic syndrome is associated with global cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) positivity and longitudinal Aβ accumulation. Methods Prospective study of 165 participants who underwent (11)C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET neuroimaging to measure Aβ, from June 2005 to May 2016. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the revised Third Adults Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Participants were classified as PiB+/-. Linear mixed effects models assessed the relationships between baseline metabolic syndrome and PiB status and regional Aβ change over time. Results A total of 165 cognitively normal participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) Neuroimaging substudy, aged 55-92 years (mean baseline age = 76.4 years, 85 participants were male), received an average of 2.5 PET-PiB scans over an average interval of 2.6 (3.08 SD) years between first and last visits. Metabolic syndrome was not associated with baseline PiB positivity or concurrent regional Aβ. Metabolic syndrome was associated with increased rates of Aβ accumulation in superior parietal and precuneus regions over time in the PiB+ group. Elevated fasting glucose and blood pressure showed individual associations with accelerated Aβ accumulation. Conclusion Metabolic syndrome was associated with accelerated Aβ accumulation in PiB+ individuals and may be an important factor in the progression of AD pathology.
Animal Models in Psychiatric Disease: A Circuit-Search Approach

Our collective desire to understand how the “normal” vs. “diseased” brain works drives our ongoing need for nonhuman animal research. Our current understanding of circuits within the brain, and the techniques required to investigate neural activity, stem from animal work. These techniques often require invasive methods, which necessitate animal models. Unfortunately, this means that our investigative approaches are subject to the same limitations that animal models had before these new techniques were developed. In this article I briefly overview these limitations, then outline a relatively new strategy that enables us to establish a causal relationship between a specific neurocircuit abnormality and disease. This approach utilizes novel techniques designed to selectively target mutations to specific brain circuits in the mouse. Such a strategy allows the researcher to “home in” on how a gene affects a single brain circuit. This is powerful because it avoids an often-cited problem that plagues traditional animal models: non-targeted mutations disrupt a myriad of circuits. Rather than mutating all brain cells, targeting a gene known to be highly penetrant for human disease to an individual, relatively conserved, circuit element helps us determine whether that circuit is involved in generating an abnormal behavioral phenotype. This will provide invaluable clues about where and how psychiatric disease originates in humans. Finally, I briefly discuss how computational neuroscience-based techniques and noninvasive, low-risk neuromodulation techniques could be employed to test hypotheses generated by these animal models in humans, leading to both greater understanding of neurocircuits underlying psychiatric disease and possibly new treatments.
Shunts and Shunt Malfunction

Perhaps one of the most intriguing events in neurosurgical history is the invention and use of the shunt system to treat hydrocephalus, despite the shunt’s high failure rates. The shunt system, classically composed of a proximal catheter, valve, and distal catheter, was developed in the 1950s. The system was envisioned by John Holter, a toolmaker, whose son, Casey, had hydrocephalus. The concept, modeled after the nipple of a baby bottle, allowed for one-way flow through a pressure-regulated valve. The shunt system could take advantage of surgical aseptic technique (1860s), and followed historical predecessors: the external ventricular drain (1881), and ventricular-subdural shunts made of glass wool, gold tubes, bundled catgut (1890s), rubber (1903), glass, silver, and linen threads (1908–1926). Catheters from the ventricles to the cisterna magna and Nulsen-Spitz’s ventriculo-jugular shunt were revolutionary precursors made of rubber or polyethylene (1940–1950) [1]. The Spitz–Holter valve is the result of these efforts and that of John Holter. The modern-day shunt remains similar now as when it was created (1955, implanted in 1957/58): slight modifications to the catheter, major iterations to the shunt valve, and the addition of compensators for gravity and siphoning are key components to treatment.
Experimental Assignment of Disulfide-Bonds in Purified Proteins

The formation of disulfide bonds in proteins is an important post-translational modification that is critical for stabilizing the native structures of proteins, particularly proteins exposed to oxidizing environments. For this reason, most cysteines in secreted proteins or protein domains on the surface of the cell are in disulfides, whereas most cysteines in the cytoplasm are in the unmodified -SH form. Disulfide linkages must be experimentally determined, as they cannot be predicted from amino acid sequence. These assignments provide insights into three-dimensional structure and contribute to the understanding of structural-functional relationships. This unit details a series of protocols that have been applied successfully to map disulfide bonds in proteins. The general strategy involves chemical or proteolytic cleavage of the protein followed by chromatographic separation of the resultant peptides. Mass spectrometry is used to identify disulfide-containing peptides and determine sites of disulfide linkage. A partial reduction and alkylation strategy for mapping disulfide linkages in peptides with multiple disulfide bonds is also presented. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Weak multiculturalism and fears of cultural encroachment: Meanings of multiculturalism among young elites in Britain:

While politicians and scholars have debated the meaning, value, and purposes of multiculturalism for decades, less attention has been paid to the views of a broader group of Britons. In this paper ...
Cholesterol Purity and Stability

At this point I have established that cholesterol is subject to insidious autoxidation under relatively mild conditions. It is essential to continued progress in the study of cholesterol that this fact not be ignored, as cholesterol autoxidation products may confound analyses and obscure details of sterol metabolism. The matter is all the more important as it is now certain that cholesterol autoxidation products exert divers deleterious biological actions in select test systems and may play a role in regulation of endogeneous metabolism and etiology of disease.
Bulk-Explosion-Induced Metal Spattering During Laser Processing

High-resolution x-ray imaging of a laser-based manufacturing technique has captured the formation process of molten metal projectiles that produce imperfections.
Steady-State Solution of a Solar Wind-Generated Electron Cloud in a Lunar Crater

We formulate an analytic description of a steady-state electron cloud and affiliated surface charge, formed in the plasma wake generated as the solar wind flows horizontally over a lunar crater. The solution is complementary to the well-known self-similar plasma expansion formulation, which breaksdown at the plasma wake front and thus fails to capture a substantial region of the crater interior. The present model establishes a theoretical basis for existing simulation results, which suggest that the cavity formed below the wake front is populated mainly by electrons, resulting in a substantial negative surface charge. The electrostatic potential throughout this subwake region is determined by solving Poisson'sequation for a Maxwellian electron cloud, bounded above by the self-similar plasma expansion front and below by the electrostatically charged surface.
Coke: Communication-Censored Kernel Learning Via Random Features

Distributed kernel-based methods are attractive in nonlinear learning tasks where either a dataset is too large to be processed on a single machine or the data are only locally available to geographically-located sites. For the first case, we propose to split the large dataset into multiple mini-batches and distribute them to distinct sites for parallel learning through the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). For the second case, we develop a decentralized ADMM so that each site can solve the learning task collaboratively through one-hop communications. To circumvent the curse of dimensionality in kernel-based methods, we leverage the random feature approximation to map the large-volume data into a smaller feature space. This also results in a common set of decision parameters that can be exchanged among sites. Motivated by the need to conserve energy and reduce communication overheads, we apply a censoring strategy to evaluate the updated parameter at each site and decide if this update is worth transmitting. The proposed COmmunication-censored KErnel learning (COKE) algorithms are corroborated to be communication-efficient and learning-effective by simulations on both synthetic and real datasets.
Improved Techniques for the Constant-Rate-of-Strain Consolidation Test

This paper presents several improvements on the constant-rate-of-strain consolidation (CRS) test. The improvements include a rational approach for selecting strain rate and a change in testing procedures to aid in: (I) the selection of strain rate and (2) obtaining more reasonable values of the coefficient of consolidation in initial phases of testing. Based on theoretical work by Wissa, a strain-rate equation is developed that is a function of permeability, liquidity index, and desired maximum pore pressure ratio. The change in procedure involves a method of conducting a permeability test in a back-pressure consolidation apparatus and then initiating consolidation loading without removing the gradient associated with the permeability test. Results of multiple-loading-cycle CRS tests on three clay soils with widely differing characteristics are used to establish the coefficient for the equation. The equation is an improvement over the procedure in ASTM Test for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Controlled-Strain Loading (D 4186) which bases the selection only on liquid limit. The proposed equation accounts for specimen permeability and stiffness.
What Is New in Abortion Care?: Best Articles From the Past Year.

This month we focus on current research in abortion care. Dr. Allen discusses five recent publications, which are concluded with a “bottom line” that is the take-home message. A complete reference for each can be found on Box 1 on this page along with direct links to the abstracts.
Delivering Sign Language in a Live Planetarium Show Using Head-Mounted Displays and Infrared Light

Sign language narration is difficult to view at live planetarium shows because the room is dark and the signer is not located near images projected onto the planetarium dome. We have designed and implemented a system using head-mounted displays (HMDs) and infrared light to support viewing real-time sign language narration of live planetarium shows. Results from a series of 3 studies involving 29 students who are deaf or hard-of-hearing suggest that viewing properly configured video of sign language narration in an HMD may increase learning in this setting. Participants expressed no single preference regarding signer position in the video feed but did indicate that the relative brightness of the HMD must be tuned to match the apparent brightness of images broadcast on the planetarium dome. We also identified other issues related to HMD fit and the appearance of the signer in the video.
Chapter 52 – Automatic generation of general quadratic map basins

Publisher Summary This chapter describes simple approaches, whereby a computer can automatically select parameters and generate a large collection of diverse and aesthetically appealing fractal patterns based on general quadratic map basins. . One approach is to use equations with chaotic solutions. Such solutions are unpredictable over the long term yet exhibit interesting structures as they move about on a strange attractor––a fractal object with noninteger dimension. Traditionally when physicists or mathematicians came across complicated results, they often looked for complicated causes. In contrast, many of the shapes describe the complicated behavior of the simplest of formulas. The results should be of interest to artists and non-mathematicians, and anyone with imagination and a little computer programming skill.
Redshift of the Einstein Ring in MG1549+305

A deep spectrum taken with the Echelle Spectrograph and Imager (ESI) at the Keck II Telescope as part of the Lenses Structure and Dynamics (LSD) Survey reveals the redshifts of the extremely red source of the radio Einstein Ring in the gravitational lens system MG1549+305 ($z_{\rm s}=1.170\pm 0.001$) and an intermediate redshift lensed spiral galaxy ($z_{\rm G2}=0.604\pm 0.001$). The source redshift allows us to determine the mass of the SB0 lens galaxy enclosed by the Einstein Radius ($R_{\rm E}=1\farcs15\pm0\farcs05$) $M_{\rm E}$$\equiv$$M(<R_{\rm E}) = 8.4\pm0.7\times 10^{10} h_{65}^{-1}$ M$_\odot$. This corresponds to a Singular Isothermal Ellipsoid (SIE) velocity dispersion $\sigma_{\rm SIE}=214\pm5$ \kms, in good agreement with the measured stellar velocity dispersion $\sigma=227\pm18$ \kms (Leh\'ar et al. 1996). The mass-to-light ratio within the Einstein Radius ($\sim$1.4 effective radii) is $10\pm1 h_{65}$ \mlu. This is only marginally larger than typical stellar mass-to-light ratios of local early-type galaxies, indicating that dark matter is not likely to be dominant inside the Einstein Radius.
The Table of Grammar: Lqr't as Test Case: Linguistic and Philological Perspectives : Papers forming part of the 2017 and 2018 SBL Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew Seminar

Biblical Hebrew lqr't is situated at the intersection of grammatical categories as a content item and a function word. The analysis of any given token is confounded by this diversity and its variously encoded denotations: the infinitive construct “to meet” and the polysemous prepositions, the directional TOWARD and the adversative AGAINST. The usage in Exodus 14:27 (wmsrym nsym lqr'tw) prompts a number of different analyses. Interpretations include: hoi de aigyptioi ephygon hypo to hydor (LXX); wmsry' -'rqyn lqwblh (Peshitta); fugientibusque AEgyptiis occurrerunt aquae (Vulgate); “the Egyptians fled at its approach” (NJPS); “the Egyptians fled before it” (NRSV); and “the Egyptians were fleeing toward it” (NIV). This study examines lqr't by comparing a range of grammatical methods. These approaches centre evolutionary growth (philology), syntagmatic and paradigmatic features (structuralism), functional usage (eclectic linguistics), and cross-linguistic development (grammaticalisation) in order to explore questions of the origin, development, and usage of lqr't. The combined approaches help to situate and construct an archaeology of linguistic knowledge and a genealogy of philological change of language and text.
Investigating factors associated with mother-daughter communication intentions about STD risks and condom use behaviour of female college students

Mothers play a significant role in influencing and educating their daughters about safe sexual practices. Given that college students are a high-risk population for contracting Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) this study investigated the concepts of the Risk Perception Attitude (RPA) framework and their associations to help understand mothers' communication intentions and efficacy to communicating with their young adult daughters about STD risks and condom use. More specifically, this study investigated the relationships between mothers' perceived risk (severity and susceptibility) of their daughters contracting an STD, and how their self-efficacy was associated with mothers' intentions of communicating with their daughters about condom use to prevent STDs. This study found evidence that mothers' self-efficacy (over perceived daughter risks) had the highest association with mothers' communicative intentions and efficacy to communicate to daughters to prevent STDs. The study also discusses ideas for future mother-daughter sexual risk communication research to prevent STDs in college women.
Chest Masculinization Technique and Outcomes in 72 Double-incision Chest-contouring Procedures with Free Nipple Grafting.

Chest masculinization for gender affirmation is the removal of breast tissue and excess skin, often with repositioning of the nipple areola complexes to achieve a male-appearing chest. A double-incision technique with free nipple grafting (FNG) is the preferred method for trans men with large, ptotic breasts. The authors present the outcomes of 72 consecutive chest masculinization cases using this technique. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed between 2015 and 2020 on all patients who underwent chest masculinization surgery for gender dysphoria by the senior author (JDK). Patients who underwent masculinization by concentric circle or liposuction-only techniques were excluded. Potential risk factors for complications were analyzed with Chi-square and logistic regression techniques. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Seventy-two patients underwent bilateral mastectomy with free nipple grafting. There were 6 major complications resulting in return to operating room, re-admission, or need for interventional procedure. These included 4 hematomas, 1 infection, and 1 hospital admission for shortness of breath and pain.Minor complications treated conservatively included 3 seromas, 1 instance of delayed wound healing, 1 case of superficial thrombophlebitis, and 4 hypertrophic scars. Eleven patients experienced nipple areolar complex complications. Four patients underwent revision surgery. Nicotine use was associated with a higher rate of hematoma (χ2: 9.95, P = 0.007). Later operative date, a surrogate for experience, was associated with decreased return to the operating room (Odds ratio: 0.99, P = 0.025). Conclusion Double-incision chest contouring with free nipple grafting provides good chest contour for transgender men,with low complication rates.
GEM: Translation-Free Zero-Shot Global Entity Matcher for Global Catalogs

We propose a modular BiLSTM / CNN / Transformer deep-learning encoder architecture, together with a data synthesis and training approach, to solve the problem of matching catalog products across different languages, different local catalogs, and different catalog data contributors. The end-to-end model relies solely on raw natural language textual data in the catalog entries and on images of the products, without any feature engineering, and is entirely translation-free, not requiring the translation of the catalog natural-language data to the same base language for inference. We report experiments results on a 4-languages-scope model (English, French, German, Spanish) matching entities from 4 local catalogs (UK, France, Germany, Spain) of a retail website. We demonstrate that the model achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art existing entity matchers that operate within a single language, and that the model achieves high-performance zero-shot inference on language pairs not seen in training.
Verbalizing silence: Disasters in Sabiha Sumar’s Khamosh Pani (Sient Waters)

This article focuses on Pakistani director, Sabiha Sumar’s, debut film, Khamosh Pani (Silent Waters, 2003). The article argues that Sumar’s film, by screening the never-ending impacts of politicall...
Internet Accessibility for Blind and Visually-Impaired Users: An Evaluation of Official U.S. State and Territory COVID-19 Websites:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, most health information was moved to an online format for easier dissemination. However, many of these health websites may not be accessible to users who are visually ...
Hilar cell tumor of the ovary: Diagnostic value of plasma testosterone by selective ovarian vein catheterization

The case report of a 64-year-old Jewish woman para 3 with menopause since age 50 is presented. Hirsutism of face but loss of scalp hair and hoarseness of voice had been noted for over 5 years. 5 months previously a basosquamous carcinoma was removed from her face. The patient was moderately obese and masculine in appearance. Blood pressure was 210/120 mm Hg. Glucose tolerance was diabetogenic. Vaginal cytology showed mostly basal and parabasal cells. Peripheral plasma testosteone was increased to 325 ng/100 ml (normal 15-70). Selective catheterization of right ovarian vein compared with that of inferior vena cava left adrenal vein and left ovarian vein showed a marked increase in testosterone to 635 ng/100 ml. A diagnosis of virilizing tumor of the right ovary was made. At laparotomy the right ovary was normal in size with a small protrusion on the surface. Total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were done. 7 days postoperation plasma testosterone fell to 13 ng/100 ml and urinary gonadotropins rose to 1320 mouse units. 8 weeks later a normal feminine voice returned and some hair growth in the bald area was noted but other symptoms were unchanged. The tumor of the right ovary was diagnosed as a hilar cell tumor. Reinke crystalloids were numerous in the tumor tissue specimens. Normal 17-ketosteroid excretion and markedly elevated plasma testosterone appear to be characteristic of hilar cell tumors of the ovary. Estrogen levels correlated with the histology of the endometrium and urinary gonadotropin levels. The dianostic value of selective ovarian and adrenal vein catheterization was shown.
To Tell or Not to Tell: Adversarialism v. Collaboration in Group Home Location

This project explores high-visibility and low-visibility strategies used by group home operators and advocates to locate single-family housing for their disabled clients. Despite the 1988 amendments to the Fair Housing Act (FHA), which mandates reasonable housing accommodations for disabled individuals, group home operators face significant barriers when trying to locate their group homes in single-family neighborhoods. The struggle has always found its way to the courts, and in the vast majority of cases courts have ruled in favor of the group homes. Yet, in the aftermath of these court decisions, many group home operators continue to face harassment from municipalities and organized property owners and some are unable to obtain housing for their clients. Through analyses of legal documents, newspaper articles, and interviews with advocates this paper examines a range of tactics used by group home advocates to locate housing while managing backlash. Preliminary findings suggest that 1) group home operators differ in terms of the types of tactics they used to secure housing for their clients and 2) the choice of strategy influences the degree to which group home operators are able to secure stable housing for their clients.
Electron electric-dipole-moment searches based on alkali-metal- or alkaline-earth-metal-bearing molecules

We introduce four new molecules---YbRb, YbCs, ${\text{YbSr}}^{+}$, and ${\text{YbBa}}^{+}$---that may prove fruitful in experimental searches for the electric-dipole moment (EDM) of the electron. These molecules can, in principle, be prepared at extremely low temperatures by photoassociating ultracold atoms and therefore may present an advantage over molecular-beam experiments. Here we discuss properties of these molecules and assess the effective electric fields they contribute to an electron EDM measurement.