cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Topology and ground state control in open-shell donor-acceptor conjugated polymers

Summary Donor-acceptor (DA) conjugated polymers (CPs) with narrow bandgaps and open-shell (diradical) character represent an emerging class of materials whose rich behavior emanates from their collective electronic properties and diminished electron pairing. However, the structural and electronic heterogeneities that define these materials complicate bandgap control at low energies and connections linking topology, exchange interactions, and (opto)electronic functionality remain nascent. To address these challenges, we demonstrate structurally rigid and strongly π-conjugated copolymers comprised of a solubilizing thiadiazoloquinoxaline acceptor and cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene or dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene donors. Atom-specific substitution modulates local aromatic character within the donor resulting in dramatic differences in structural, physicochemical, electronic, and magnetic properties of the polymers. These long-range π-mediated interactions facilitate control between low-spin aromatic and high-spin quinoidal forms. This work provides a strategy to understand the evolution of the electronic structure within DA CPs, control the ground state spin multiplicity, tune spin-spin interactions, and articulate the emergence of their novel properties.
A risk-stratified approach to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis with aspirin or warfarin following total hip and knee arthroplasty: A cohort study.

Abstract Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding events following total knee and hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA) are associated with significant morbidity. Clinical guidelines recommend administration of pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis post-operatively, although controversy exists regarding optimal prophylactic strategies. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study in patients who underwent elective TKA/TKA in an academic medical center. Patients were stratified by surgery type (TKA/THA) and VTE risk determined by a novel risk stratification protocol and compared pre- and post-protocol implementation. Patients received warfarin pre-protocol and either aspirin or warfarin post-protocol for VTE prophylaxis. Natural language processing identified VTE events and ICD codes were used to identify bleeding events, with all events validated manually. Results A total of 1379 surgeries were included for analysis, 839 TKAs and 540 THAs. Post-protocol implementation, 445 (94.1%) patients following TKA and 294 (97.4%) patients following THA received aspirin for VTE prophylaxis. A significant reduction in bleeding events (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.19, p = 0.048) was observed in low-risk THA patients treated with aspirin (post-protocol) compared patients treated with warfarin (pre-protocol). Bleeding events did not differ significantly between low-risk TKA patients treated with aspirin or warfarin. No significant differences in VTE events were observed following the protocol implementation. Conclusions The use of a novel risk stratification system to guide VTE prophylaxis selection between aspirin or warfarin following TKA and THA appears safe and effective. Among low-risk patients, aspirin use was associated with fewer bleeding events following THA, without an observed increase in VTE events.
A Latina Community's Evaluation of the Culturally Adapted Conexiones Program.

BACKGROUND Enhancing Connections (EC) is an evidence-based intervention that promotes communication between cancer-diagnosed mothers and their school-age children. EC was validated with college-educated non-Latina White mothers of privileged socioeconomic status. Latina researchers culturally adapted EC for Latina mothers diagnosed with cancer and renamed it Conexiones. Following cultural adaptation guidelines, the next recommended step was to engage the new consumer group (Latina mothers) in evaluating the newly adapted educational materials. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cognitive and cultural fit of the newly adapted Conexiones educational materials for use with Latina mothers diagnosed with cancer. METHOD Eighteen Latina mothers participated in focus groups evaluating the Conexiones educational materials. An inductive approach was used to identify problem areas and recommendations for corrections to the Conexiones program content. RESULTS Within the cognitive-informational dimension, recommendations were made to improve the ease of comprehension in the Spanish version of the program. Recommendations within the affective-motivational dimension described the cultural adjustments needed to more effectively engage cancer-diagnosed Latina mothers in the Conexiones program. Implications for Practice. Engagement of the new consumer group in evaluating the initial adaptation of Conexiones served to identify additional cognitive-informational and affective-motivational corrections needed to further refine the cultural adaptation of the Conexiones program. This study reinforced the importance of community engagement in evaluating and refining newly adapted evidence-based interventions.
Resurrection or Miraculous Cures? The Elijah and Elisha Narrative Against its Ancient Near Eastern Background

The Elijah and Elisha cycles have similar stories where the prophet brings a dead child back to life. In addition, in the Elisha story, a corpse is thrown into the prophet's grave; when it comes into contact with one of his bones, the man returns to life. Thus the question is do these stories allude to resurrection, or "only" miraculous cures? What was the purpose of the inclusion of these stories and what message did they convey? In this paper we will show that these are legends that were intended to lend greater credence to prophetic activity and to indicate the Lord's power over death.
Event detection services using data service middleware in distributed sensor networks

This paper presents the Real-Time Event Detection Service which is a component of the Data Service Middleware (DSWare). DSWare provides data-centric and group-based services for sensor networks. The real-time event service includes unreliability of individual sensor reports, correlation among different sensor observations, and inherent real-time characteristics of events. The event service supports confidence functions which are designed based on data semantics, including relative importance of sub-events and historical patterns. When the failure rate is high, the event service enables partial detection of critical events to be reported in a timely manner. It can also be applied to differentiate between the occurrences of events and false alarms.
Excited Electronic States, Photochemistry and Photophysics of Carotenoids

The most striking characteristic of carotenoids is their palette of colours. Absorption of light in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum by molecules such as β-carotene (3) and lycopene (31) not only readily accounts for their colours but also signals the ability of these long-chain polyenes to serve as antenna pigments in diverse photosynthetic systems [1, 2, 3, 4].
Parks in Peril: People, Politics, and Protected Areas

Parks in Peril: People, Politics, and Protected Areas. Katrina Brandon. Kent H. Redford. and Steven E. Sanderson. eds. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1998. 519 pp.
Learning to perceive two-dimensional displays using probabilistic grammars

People learn to read and understand various displays (e.g., tables on webpages and software user interfaces) every day. How do humans learn to process such displays? Can computers be efficiently taught to understand and use such displays? In this paper, we use statistical learning to model how humans learn to perceive visual displays. We extend an existing probabilistic context-free grammar learner to support learning within a two-dimensional space by incorporating spatial and temporal information. Experimental results in both synthetic domains and real world domains show that the proposed learning algorithm is effective in acquiring user interface layout. Furthermore, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm within an intelligent tutoring agent, SimStudent, by integrating the learned display representation into the agent. Experimental results in learning complex problem solving skills in three domains show that the learned display representation is as good as one created by a human expert, in that skill learning using the learned representation is as effective as using a manually created representation.
Activation of metallothionein expression is potentiated by DNA sequences present in the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene.

Abstract A mouse cell line (Ltk— aprt—) which is resistant to the anti-viral effects of interferon also has a reduced ability to synthesize metallothionein on exposure to cadmium. Like the ability to respond to interferon, cadmium-induced metallothionein synthesis is restored to wild-type levels in clones obtained by introducing a thymidine kinase gene into Ltk— aprt— cells. Transfection of other genes does not have such an effect. Since metallothionein expression is also activated by interferon the results suggest that the regulation of several genes which are responsive to interferon can be modulated by specific sequences present in the Herpes virus thymidine kinase gene.
Inflation of an elastic cylindrical membrane: Non-linear deformation and instability

Abstract The axisymmetric free inflation of an initially cylindrical membrane is examined in this study. The initial thickness and radius distributions are in general non-uniform. The neo-Hookean constitutive model is used. Special attention is focused on the non-linear buckling instability under various innation and geometrical conditions. It is found that for a given inflation pressure and aspect ratio S the thicker the cylinder ends are the more unstable the deformation becomes. The study also shows that for a given aspect ratio there are in general two solutions and that beyond a maximum S value no solution exists. In some cases of pressure and thickness values the number of bulges increases from one in the unstable cylinder profile as S is increased beyond a certain critical value. A similar phenomenon is observed for a long cylinder when the pressure is increased. Although the problem is formulated to account for non-uniform original thickness and radius distributions, only results based on linear thickness and radius variations arc presented.
Grand function of a one-component classical charged particle gas using collective coordinates

Abstract We develop a new expansion for the thermodynamic grand function of a classical one-component gas of charged particles interacting by means of Coulomb plus additional conservative short-ranged two-body forces. We employ collective coordinates in the grand ensemble in a manner that is similar to their use in the canonical ensemble in an earlier article of ours on the one-component Coulomb gas. For the case of the Coulomb gas, the results of the present article agree with those of the earlier article through the first two corrections to the Debye-Huckel theory. We compare the procedures and results of this article with those of the earlier article to decide which procedure is easier to generalize to one that can be applied to real ionized gases.
Ubiquitin immunoelectron microscopy of dystrophic neurites in cerebellar senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease.

Senile plaques are present in the cerebellum of most Alzheimer patients. They are composed of beta-amyloid deposits lacking neurites detectable with immunocytochemistry for neurofilament, tau and paired helical filament proteins. Recent studies, however, have shown that cerebellar plaques usually contain round structures that are reactive with ubiquitin antibodies. In this immunoelectron microscopic study, the nature of these structures is explored. Ubiquitin-positive structures in cerebellar senile plaques were composed of degenerating neurites that contained membranous and vesicular dense bodies, but no paired helical filaments. A minority of the neurites contained finely granular material. Thus, cerebellar plaques are associated with neuritic degeneration, and the neurites in cerebellar plaques resemble dystrophic neurites in senile plaques of non-demented elderly subjects and subjects with non-Alzheimer dementias. They differ from some of the neurites in senile plaques in the neocortex in Alzheimer's disease by the absence of paired helical filaments. These results suggest that the same mechanisms involved in the generation of dystrophic neurites in pathological aging are involved in generating dystrophic neurites in the cerebellum in Alzheimer's discase.
Power limit of an endoreversible Ericsson cycle with regeneration

An optimal power analysis is conducted on an endoreversible Ericsson cycle with perfect regeneration. The endoreversible cycle is one in which the external heat transfer processes are the only irreversible processes of the cycle. Maximum power and efficiency at maximum power are obtained for the cycle, based upon the higher and lower temperature bounds. These results provide additional criteria for use in the study and performance evaluation of Ericsson engines.
Transplantation of human fetal brain cells into ischemic lesions of adult gerbil hippocampus.

Object. The goal of this study was to establish whether transplanted cells derived from fetal human brain can survive in an ischemic lesion. Methods. Sixteen adult male Mongolian gerbils underwent transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. One week later, cell suspensions prepared from fetal human brain were injected using stereotactic guidance into the CA1 region of the hippocampus on one side. On the contralateral side injection of the cell suspension medium only was performed. One week after transplantation, the animals were perfusion fixed and their brains were processed for histological studies as well as expression of neuron and glia-specific antigens. Data from ischemic animals were compared with eight nonischemic gerbils that served as sham-operated controls. Last, the in vivo data were correlated with observations made from matching in vitro cultures of the fetal brain cell suspension. The in vivo data indicated that transplanted human fetus—derived brain cells survived in ischemic lesi...
Part Load Strategies of a Multi-MW Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Hybrid System

The goal of this study is to define the operating envelope of a 20MW molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC)-gas turbine hybrid system, under part load conditions. The first part of the paper reviews our baseline fuel cell hybrid system model that predicts overall system LHV efficiency around 69% at full load. The second part of the paper consider several strategies: 1/ run fuel cell at full load and bypass gas turbine; 2 /run fuel cell at full load and gas turbine at part load; 3/ run fuel cell at OCV and gas turbine at full load; 4/ run fuel cell at part load and gas turbine at full load; and 5/run both fuel cell and gas turbine at part load. The best system part-load performance was achieved when the fuel cell operates at part load while the gas turbine is at full load. The highest operational flexibility is achieved when we part load both the fuel cell and the gas turbine. Depending on system targets and deliverables such as fuel cell voltage and fuel utilization or gas turbine firing temperature some of these modes may not be economical. A comparison with the performance of a conventional combined cycle 20MW power plant under part load was performed. The MCFC hybrid system showed better efficiency and better cost of electricity (COE) under part load operation than the gas turbine combined cycle part loaded.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Workforce and its Impact on Quality

Although reliable processes are the foundation for improving health care, individual provider performance plays an important role in those processes. A strategic well-thought approach for maximizing staff performance is necessary. This strategy begins by developing and communicating a vision for clinical care. Emergency department leadership can then specifically characterize the content of 3 skill sets necessary for success: cognitive, technical, and patient experience. The content of these skill sets will then define provider expectations and performance measures. After communicating expectations and performance measures with the physician staff, it is critical to provide feedback, motivate staff through incentives and rewards, and hold them appropriately accountable for the care they provide. The interaction between leadership and staff throughout the process is essential for the outcome of quality health care.
Independence in Latin America: A Comparative Approach

Colonies in flux reactions to change lords and servants satisfaction with colonial status European events tracing causes in Spanish America the first war of independence the second war of independence the meaning of independence.
Nutritional Modulation of the Final Outcome of Hepatotoxic Injury by Energy Substrates: An Hypothesis for the Mechanism

Survival after hepatocellular injury and necrosis may depend on the ability of the remaining hepatocytes to divide and restore an adequate population of functioning cells. Although adequate nutritional support is necessary for liver regeneration after severe liver damage, much is yet to be discovered concerning which nutritional factors are critical for liver regeneration. Clinically, nutritional substances are administered only from the energy aspect, without regard to whether or how these substrates may facilitate or impede liver tissue repair processes. Glucose is used as principal source of energy in liver damage because of accompanying marked hypoglycemia. But the contribution of glucose to compensatory liver regeneration and/or survival is unclear. This paper advances the hypotheses that: (1) glucose increases the toxicity of centrilobular hepatotoxicants by inhibiting hepatic cell division and tissue repair allowing unrestrained progression of injury; (2) fatty acids facilitate hepatic-cell division permitting hepatolobular restoration to occur thus preventing death from even a lethal dose. If hepatic tissue repair can be stimulated by some therapeutically compatible mechanism, then it might be possible to prevent death from even massive hepatocellular injury. In addition to nutritional manipulation, it should be possible to exploit molecular mechanisms that regulate organized cell division (tissue repair) to increase survival rates of patients suffering from fulminant hepatic failure. These findings have significant impact on tissue repair in a variety of other organs and tissues, particularly in diabetes-like conditions.
Association between sex steroids and cognition in elderly men

Summary Objective To examine the association of cognitive function with sex steroid and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels among elderly men. Design Prospective cohort study, The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS), consisting of 5995 US community dwelling men of 65 years or older. Patients One thousand six hundred and two men were chosen randomly from MrOS cohort for sex steroid level measurements by Mass Spectrometry (MS) at baseline. Two thousand six hundred and twenty-three MrOS participants with sex steroids measured using RIA were also examined. Measurements Baseline and follow-up (4·5 years later) performance on two cognitive tests: Trails B (executive function and motor speed) and 3MS (global cognitive function). Baseline total testosterone and oestradiol were measured by MS. Free testosterone (free-T) and free oestradiol (free-E) were calculated. SHBG was measured by radioimmunoassay. Data were analysed using linear regression. Results Baseline free-T and free-E levels were not associated with cognitive performance or change in cognition, following adjustment for age, education, race, health status and alcohol use. Baseline SHBG levels were inversely associated with follow-up trails B (P = 0·03) and 3MS performance (P = 0·02). Higher SHBG was associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. Total sex steroid levels were not associated with cognitive performance. Conclusions Despite large numbers of participants and rigorous sex steroid measurements, we did not observe an association between cognition and either testosterone or oestradiol levels. We conclude that endogenous sex steroids in the normal range are not related to executive function or global cognitive function in elderly men. High SHBG deserves further examination as a risk factor for cognitive decline.
Shedding light on the symmetries of dark matter

Abstract I consider symmetries which could explain observed properties of dark matter, namely, its stability on Gyr time scales or its relic density and discuss how such symmetries can be discovered through the study of the propagation and polarization of light in its transit through dark matter.
Restricted stock markets in simple general equilibrium models with production uncertainty

It is shown that in a two-sector production model with uncertainty, analogous to work of Batra and Sakai, there exists an implicit, and arbitrarily restricted, stock market interpretation of the model and that the appropriate duality lies between the relation of factor endowments and equity outputs and the relation of factor prices and equity prices. These observations permit a generalization of the Batra-Sakai assumption of maximization of expected utility of profits. This is accompanied by an extensive characterization of the implicit market and several of its comparative-statics properties. A 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 joint-production formulation is developed to examine stability properties.
Actinobacillus ureae meningitis: Case report and review of the literature

Actinobacillus urea, formerly known as Pasteurella ureae, is an uncommon commensal of the upper respiratory tract in humans. It has been identified as the primary pathogen in 10 cases of meningitis and several cases of pneumonia, sepsis, and peritonitis. A case is presented that represents another documented case of meningitis due to this rare organism. Risk factors associated with serious infection due to Actinobacillus ureae and basic management approaches to posttraumatic meningitis in general are discussed.
Is chemical heating a major cause of the mesosphere inversion layer

A region of thermal enhancement of the mesosphere has been detected on numerous occasions by in situ measurements, remote sensing from space, and lidar techniques. The source of these 'temperature inversion layers' has been attributed in the literature to the dissipation relating to dynamical forcing by gravity wave or tidal activity. However, evidence that gravity wave breaking can produce the inversion layer with amplitude as large as that observed in lidar measurements has been limited to results of numerical modeling. An alternative source for the production of the thermal inversion layer in the mesosphere is the direct deposition of heat by exothermic chemical reactions. Two-dimensional modeling combining a comprehensive model of the mesosphere photochemistry with the dynamical transport of long-lived species shows that the region from 80 to 95 km may be heated as much as 3 to 10 K/d during the night and half this rate during the day. Given the uncertainties in our understanding of the dynamics and chemistry for the mesopause region, separating the two sources by passive observations of the mesosphere thermal structure looks to be difficult. Therefore we have considered an active means for producing a mesopause thermal layer, namely the release of ozone into the upper mesosphere from a rocket payload. The induced effects would include artificial enhancements of the OH and Na airglow intensities as well as the mesopause thermal structure. The advantages of the rocket release of ozone is that detection of these effects by ground-based imaging, radar, and lidar systems and comparison of these effects with model predictions would help quantify the partition of the artificial inversion layer production into sources of dynamical and chemical forcing.
Apomixis in the Gramineae: Panicoideae

APOMIXIS, THE replacement of the sexual process by some asexual form of reproduction, is rather common in the flowering plants. Nygren (1954) listed about 300 species that are more or less apomictic included in about 95 genera of 37 families of both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The Compositae, Rosaceae, and Gramineae especially are characterized by a rather high frequency of apomixis. For the Gramineae, Nygren listed apomixis in 35 species of 11 genera; two genera of Festuceae, two of Agrostideae, two of Chlorideae, three of Paniceae, one of Aveneae, and one genus of the Andropogoneae. A number of these cases represent occasional vivipary, the replacement of spikelets by small plants, rather than agamospermy, apomixis by seed formation. During the last few years Farquharson (1955) reported apomixis of some sort in Tripsacum dactyloides (Maydeae) while Hair (1956) characterized apomixis in Agropyron scabrum of the Hordeae bringing to eight the number of tribes having one or more apomictic species. In the Paniceae additional apomictic species have been reported in Pennisetum (Narayan, 1951; Fisher, et al., 1954; Snyder, et al., 1955), Paspalum (Snyder, 1957), and Setaria (Emery, 1957) while Brown and Emery (1957b), Emery and Brown (unpublished), and Celarier and Harlan (1957) have reported apomixis in Bothriochloa, Dichanthium, Capillipedium, Themeda, and Heteropogon of the Andropogoneae. At present 11 species of Paniceae and 14 species of Andropogoneae have been found to be apomictic. These results led to the assumption that apomixis may be especially common in these two tribes. The apomictic mechanism characteristic of the Paniceae and Andropogoneae except Saccharumn (cf. Nygren, 1954) is apospory. In many species more than one aposporous embryo sac is formed in each ovule. It has furthermore been demonstrated (Narayan, 1951; Warmke, 1954; Snyder, et al, 1955; Emery, 1957; Brown and Emery, 1957b; Emery and Brown, unpublished) that aposporous embryo sacs in species of these two tribes usually have at maturity only four nuclei, whereas sexual embryo sacs have the usual eight nuclei. The four nuclei are the egg and either two synergids and one polar or one synergid and two polar nuclei, both conditions having been found repeatedly. Antipodal cells are completely lacking. Thus the sexual or aposporous nature of sin-le embryo sacs is often indicated. The term apospory alone does not imply apomixis
Vascular depression and frailty: a compound threat to longevity among older-old women.

Objectives: The vascular depression hypothesis posits that cerebrovascular burden contributes to the development of depression symptoms in late life. Building on work that suggests that vascular depression is a prodrome for frailty, this paper tests a theoretical framework that vascular depression symptoms are an early marker of a broader pattern of decline characterized by more frailty symptoms and shortened lifespan, and that vascular depression symptoms predict mortality through frailty. Methods: The sample was drawn from the Health and Retirement Study and included 1361 stroke-free women over the age of 80. Data were included from six biannual waves from 1998 to 2008 (waves 4–9). A vascular depression symptomatology variable was based on Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) scores and number of cerebrovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease, and smoking). Frailty was measured based on wasting, slowness, weakness, fatigue, and falls. Vascular depression and...
Use of Simulation To Optimize NOx Abatement by Absorption and Selective Catalytic Reduction

This paper describes the development of an ASPEN PLUS simulation model for a commercial NOx abatement system involving both absorption and selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The model helps ident...
Effects of hemopexin on hemin and hemoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation in washed fish muscle

Abstract Hemopexin (Hx) was isolated from pig blood using hemin-agarose chromatography. The effect of addition of Hx on hemin and hemoglobin (Hb) mediated lipid oxidation in washed cod muscle was investigated during iced storage at pH 5.5. At a 1:1 ratio of Hx to hemin, lipid oxidation as measured by development of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was not significantly inhibited (p = 0.12). This may be attributed to a lack of hemin binding by Hx due to influence of pH and hemin precipitation. At a 1:2 ratio of Hx to Hb on a heme basis, TBARS development was significantly inhibited (p
Variable abundance of a mitochondrial DNA fragment in cultured tobacco cells.

The relative abundance of a cloned 4.5 kilobase (kb) pair mitochondrial DNA sequence in two suspension cultures of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Turkish samsun and Nicotiana tabacum NT-1) has been examined. This sequence is 70-fold reduced in NT-1 relative to Turkish samsun; the reduction is correlated with an increase in supercoiled mitochondrial DNA. This sequence does not hybridize with mitochondrial DNA from watermelon, maize, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nor with several cloned mitochondrial genes and is thus probably not a gene. It may represent most of the plant mitochondria) genome thought to be non-essential for mitochondrial function. The sequence complexity of supercoiled mitochondrial DNA from NT-1 cells is about one-third that found for the entire mitochondrial genome and does not include the cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene.
Calibration of 125I-polymer standards with 125I-brain paste standards for use in quantitative receptor autoradiography

125I-Polymer standards were calibrated by interpolation of their optical densities in [125I]-brain paste standard curves to obtain dpm/mg protein. There was a linear relationship between the calibrated polymer standards and the dpm/mg polymer, as provided by the manufacturer. One dpm/mg polymer was equivalent to 7.34 +/- 0.22 dpm/mg protein. Receptor quantification in selected rat brain areas with comparison to either brain paste or calibrated polymer standards yielded similar results.
Effects of ionizing radiation in ceramics

Abstract The evolution of radiation damage in ceramics under highly ionizing conditions has been examined by irradiating a number of oxides with high-energy heavy ions and electrons simultaneously. α-Al 2 O 3 , MgTiO 3 , FeTiO 3 and Ca 2 La 8 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 were irradiated with 1 MeV Kr + or 1.5 MeV Xe + and 1 MeV electrons. The irradiations were performed in a high-voltage electron microscope interfaced to an ion accelerator that enabled the in situ observation of the structural changes. The results indicate that simultaneous electron irradiation can retard or prevent amorphization by heavy ions. Comparison with similar experiments in metals suggests that highly ionizing radiation can anneal damage to the crystal lattice in ceramics by enhancing the mobility of point defects.
ANXIETY, INTELLIGENCE, AND ACCESS TO PRIMITIVE MODES OF THOUGHT IN HIGH AND LOW SCORERS ON REMOTE ASSOCIATES TEST

Three studies concerning the validity of the Remote Associates Test (RAT) are described. All are based on the serendipitous finding that, when is are dichotomized at their median RAT score, within the high RAT group the RAT correlates with other tests in a manner which would be expected for a test of creativity whereas it generally does not do so across its total range. Study I reports this finding for several measures of access to primitive modes of thought. An analogous finding concerning anxiety emerged from Study II. In Study III it was found that the RAT does not correlate with intelligence in the upper half of its distribution. It is concluded that the RAT may be a valid measure of creativity only in its upper ranges.
Medical sensemaking with entity workspace

Knowledge workers making sense of a topic divide their time among activities including searching for information, reading, and taking notes. We have built a software system that supports and integrates these activities. To test its effectiveness, we conducted a study where subjects used it to perform medical question-answering tasks. Initial results indicate that subjects could use the system, but that the nature of this use depended on the subject's overall question-answering strategy. Two dominant strategies emerged that we call the Reader and Searcher strategies.
Stress generation by solvent absorption and wrinkling of a cross-linked coating atop a viscous or elastic base.

An in-plane constrained cross-linked gel layer absorbs an equilibrium amount of solvent and experiences in-plane compressive stress. A stability analysis of such an elastic gel layer that is attached to either a viscous or an elastic bottom layer atop a rigid substrate is considered. The effects of the top and bottom layer moduli (Et and Eb), the bottom-to-top layer thickness ratio (H/h), and the polymer solvent interaction parameter (χ) on the critical condition of wrinkling, wrinkle wavelength, and amplitude are examined. When the bottom layer is viscous, the compressed top layer is always unstable, and wrinkling is rate-controlled. The viscous flow of the bottom layer governs the rate and determines the fastest growing wavelength. As Et rises, the bending stiffness of the elastic layer does as well, and so the fastest growing wavelength (λm) rises and the equilibrium amplitude (Ae) falls. As H/h rises, the constraint of the rigid substrate diminishes, and so λm and Ae rise. As χ falls or as the solvent...
The COBRA Family of Putative GPI-Anchored Proteins in Arabidopsis. A New Fellowship in Expansion

Identification of regulatory molecules that determine the extent and direction of expansion is necessary to understand how cell morphogenesis is controlled in plants. We recently identified COB (COBRA) as a key regulator of the orientation of cell expansion in the root. Analysis of the Arabidopsis genome sequence indicated that COB belongs to a multigene family consisting of 12 members, all predicted to encode glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. All but two of the COBL (COB-like) genes are expressed in most organs examined, suggesting possible redundancy. Sequence comparisons, phylogenetic analyses, and exon-intron positions revealed that the COB family is composed of two main subgroups sharing a common architecture, one subgroup being characterized by an additional N-terminal domain. Identification of expressed sequence tags corresponding to potential orthologs in other plant species suggested that COB-related functions are required in all vascular plants. Together, these results indicate that COB family members are likely to be important new players at the plasma membrane-cell wall interface.
Irrigation effects on rooting patterns of Spring Barley

The objective of this experiment was to quantitatively describe, on three dates throughout the growing season, the rooting patterns of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) growing under an irrigation gradient on a clay loam soil (clayey over loamy, montmorillonitic (calcareous), thermic Vertic Torrifluvent) as Las Cruces, New Mexico. Evapotranspiration (Et) was calculated at 15 locations along the gradient, using the water balance method, and ranged from 320 to 565 mm in 1982 and 320 to 575 mm in 1983. Roots were first sampled before the irrigation treatments were started when the crop was in the tillering or jointing stage; secondly, in the middle of the growing season after heading, and finally at maturity. Soil was sampled in 0.15 m increments to a depth of 1.2 m at each location using a soil tube. Roots were extracted from the soil using a saline water flotation method. Total above-ground biomass was determined at maturity.
Influence of feedback type on comprehension with two variants of a text

This study is another in a continuing series on the effects of feedback on text comprehension. Subjects reconstructed scrambled versions of qualitatively similar texts. One version (route) was based on the sequential order of locations encountered in a drive through a mythical town; the other described the same town in geographical terms (survey). The reconstruction process was assisted by information regarding the appropriateness of sentence placement. Feedback was provided in the form of either tokens or access to a map of the town. Results were in line with previous research: (1) Recall of text was superior for the route version and particularly with map assistance, (2) discrimination between paraphrases and original sentences in the passage was not a function of either version or feedback, and (3) concordance between the reconstructed passage sentence order and the original passage was not related to either recall or recognition. The results support previous assumptions regarding the specificity of effects for text content and feedback.
Motor response investigation in individuals with cerebral palsy using near infrared spectroscopy: pilot study

Cerebral palsy (CP) describes a group of motor impairment syndromes secondary to genetic that may be due to acquired disorders of the developing brain. In this study, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used to investigate the prefrontal cortical activation and lateralization in response to the planning and execution of motor skills in controls and individuals with CP. The prefrontal cortex, which plays a dominant role in the planning and execution of motor skill stimulus, is noninvasively imaged using a continuous wave-based NIRS system. During the study, 7 controls (4 right-handed and 3 left-handed) and 2 individuals with CP (1 right-handed and 1 left-handed) over 18 years of age performed 30 s of a ball throwing task followed by 30 s rest in a 5-block paradigm. The optical signal acquired from the NIRS system was processed to elucidate the activation and lateralization in the prefrontal region of controls and individuals with CP. The preliminary result indicated a difference in activation between the task and rest conditions in all the participant types. Bilateral dominance was observed in the prefrontal cortex of controls in response to planning and execution of motor skill tasks, while an ipsilateral dominance was observed in individuals with CP. In conjunction, similar contralateral dominance was observed during rest periods, both in controls and individuals with CP.
The effects of exposure to mercury vapor on behavior of rats

Abstract The exposure of rats to mercury vapor (17 mg/m 3 , 2 hours a day) produces an increase in escape response latency and a decrease in avoidance responding during 30 days of mercury exposure. In addition, there was a marked increase in the duration and severity of reflexive fighting behavior; and spontaneous fighting developed. Histologic changes in the central nervous system, consisting predominantly of perivascular cuffing by lymphocytes in the medulla oblongata, were also observed.
Identification of positive yield QTL alleles from exotic soybean germplasm in two backcross populations

Increasing seed yield is an important breeding goal of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] improvement efforts. Due to the small number of ancestors and subsequent breeding and selection, the genetic base of current soybean cultivars in North America is narrow. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) in two backcross populations developed using soybean plant introductions as donor parents. The first population included 116 BC2F3-derived lines developed using “Elgin” as the recurrent parent and PI 436684 as the donor parent (E population). The second population included 93 BC3F3-derived lines developed with “Williams 82” as the recurrent parent and PI 90566-1 as the donor parent (W population). The two populations were evaluated with 1,536 SNP markers and during 2 years for seed yield and other agronomic traits. Genotypic and phenotypic data were analyzed using the programs MapQTL and QTLNetwork to identify major QTL and epistatic QTL. In the E population, two yield QTL were identified by both MapQTL and QTLNetwork, and the PI 436684 alleles were associated with yield increases. In the W population, a QTL allele from PI 90566-1 accounted for 30 % of the yield variation; however, the PI region was also associated with later maturity and shorter plant height. No epistasis for seed yield was identified in either population. No yield QTL was previously reported at the regions where these QTL map indicating that exotic germplasm can be a source of new alleles that can improve soybean yield.
Endogenous outside options in coordination games: experimental evidence

Abstract In this experiment, traders choose between an outside option offered by an intermediary and playing a coordination game with each other. The intermediary is either a broker or a dealer. We find that intermediaries manage to attract traders, even to offer levels lower than the payoff that traders could have obtained had they rejected the intermediary’s offer. For any given offer, traders are more likely to accept a dealer’s offer than a broker’s offer. The introduction of either intermediary type reduces average trader’s earnings. On the other hand, intermediaries have a coordination role. As predicted by the forward induction argument, when traders reject the intermediary’s offer and play the coordination sub-game, they achieve a significantly greater level of coordination.
AN ANALYSIS OF FORECASTING METHODS USING “SAME DAY OF THE WEEK” VERSUS “SAME DAY OF THE MENU CYCLE” TO PREDICT PARTICIPATION IN CONGREGATE LUNCH PROGRAMS

The purpose of this study was to determine which forecasting method would most accurately predict participation in congregate lunch programs serving older adults, and whether forecasts would improve if the historical information used were obtained from the same day of the menu cycle as opposed to the same day of the week. Time-series forecasting techniques including naive, moving average, and simple exponential smoothing were applied to data collected over a 6-month period from eight meal sites. In all the cases studied where the same day of the week was used as the basis for the historical information, exponential smoothing with the best alpha outperformed both the Naive and the Moving Average (N = 3) methods. Analyses using paired t-tests revealed that there were no significant improvements in forecasting when the same day of the menu cycle, as opposed to the same day of the week, was used as the source for historical data.
Intraoperative color duplex scanning for infrainguinal vein grafts.

We compared the findings of intraoperative color duplex scanning and completion arteriography in patients undergoing infrainguinal vein bypasses to identify hemodynamic abnormalities that could result in a predisposition to early or late graft failure. We reviewed the records of 72 patients who underwent 81 vein bypass graft procedures. Three intraoperative diagnostic methods were used. In 28 procedures (group I) both color duplex and completion arteriography were used, in 21 procedures (group II) only color duplex was used, and in 26 procedures (group III) only completion arteriography was used. Grafts were followed using a duplex surveillance protocol for a mean interval of 16.1 months. Nine grafts in group I showed an abnormality on the duplex scan but not on the completion arteriogram. Seven grafts had a peak systolic velocity (PSV) greater than 200 cm/sec and two had a PSV less than 45 cm/sec. These findings led to six immediate repairs, one early revision, and two late revisions. Arteriography demonstrated additional defects in two procedures but repairs were not performed. In group II duplex scans showed an abnormality in eight procedures (seven grafts with PSV 200 to 250 cm/sec and one graft with a retained valve) resulting in three immediate repairs and five late revisions. In the remaining 13 procedures in group II, duplex scans were normal and no revisions were required during follow-up. In group II defects were detected by arteriography in four procedures (>50% stenosis in three grafts and one arterial spasm) leading to three immediate repairs. In the remaining 22 studies arteriograms were interpreted as normal; however, seven of these grafts required late revisions. Our data suggest that grafts that appear normal on intraoperative duplex scans are not likely to develop a stenosis requiring revision. Intraoperative duplex ultrasound may be superior to completion arteriography.
Diagnosis of hypertension and high blood pressure levels negatively affect cognitive function in older adults

bdBackground: Hypertension is associated with diminished performance on tests of cognitive function. The degree to which those diagnosed with hypertension have controlled blood pressure (BP) levels may be a critical determinant of cognitive outcomes. Persons with hypertension and poorly controlled BP are likely to display the worst performance on cognitive tests.Purpose: The purpose is to examine potential interactive relations of hypertension diagnostic status and current BP levels to cognitive function.Methods: Participants were 101 healthy older adults (ages 53–84, 62% male, 90% White, 29% diagnosed with hypertension) who engaged in biomedical and neuropsychological assessment.Results: After statistical adjustment for age and education, persons with high BP performed more poorly than those with normal BP on the Visual Reproductions—Immediate and Delayed Recall and the Grooved Pegboard tests. Diagnosed hypertension was related to poorer performance on the Grooved Pegboard tests. An interaction of diagnosed hypertension and BP level revealed that those diagnosed with hypertension and also having poorly controlled BP levels performed least well on the Grooved Pegboard tests and the Trail Making Test-Part A.Conclusion: Irrespective of prior diagnostic status, individuals with high BP displayed compromised performance on tests of nonverbal memory, motor speed, and manual dexterity. However, as compared to the other groups, those diagnosed with hypertension and also having poorly controlled BP elevation were most vulnerable to difficulties on tests of perceptuo-motor speed, motor speed, and manual dexterity. These findings suggest the need for increased attention to preventative efforts with respect to BP assessment and control in older adults to help preserve cognitive function.
Species variation in the structure and function of the marginal zone—an electron microscope study of cat spleen

The marginal zone in the cat spleen consisted of a characteristic mixture of lymphocytes and other blood cells located mainly between the several layers of circumferential reticulum around white pulp. A region of fine-meshed reticulum between white pulp and red pulp, as present in some species, was absent from the cat spleen. Arterial capillaries to the marginal zone were few. Some were continuations of white pulp capillaries, whereas others were red pulp capillaries that likely were continuations of axial capillaries of periarterial macrophage sheaths (PAMS) (ellipsoids). Blood cells deposited in the marginal zone could reach red pulp by passing through the numerous openings in each layer of circumferential reticulum. Lymphocytes appeared to migrate across the marginal zone both toward and away from white pulp. Macrophages lying on the circumferential reticulum of the marginal zone phagocytized cells but did not ingest Thorotrast, although it coated their surfaces. Because of the scarcity of arterial endings and the lack of a macrophage-charged reticular meshwork, the marginal zone in cat spleen is not a major site of blood clearance and phagocytosis. These functions are better served in PAMS and red pulp.
Comparison of dynamic stiffnesses of rigid square and rectangular foundations by DBEM and IBEM

In this work, the Direct and Indirect Boundary Element Methods as applied to dynamic soil structure interaction problems, are compared. Both the methods are used to find the dynamic stiffnesses of rigid surface and embedded foundations. For surface foundations, the results obtained by the two methods were very close for the frequency range considered, but for embedded foundations at higher frequencies, the Indirect Boundary Element Method produced erroneous values for the real part of vertical compliance. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are also studied in this paper.