cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spermidine uptake by type II pulmonary epithelial cells in primary culture.

The transport pathway for the polyamine spermidine (SPD) was characterized in primary isolates of type II pulmonary epithelial cells from rat lungs. [14C]spermidine was accumulated by type II cells via a temperature-, sodium-, and concentration-dependent saturable pathway, with an apparent Km of 0.48 microM and a maximum velocity (V max) of 0.32 pmol.microgram DNA-1.min-1. SPD uptake was inhibited by gramicidin and by reduced extracellular sodium but was unaffected by alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), which entered the cells by a similar saturable pathway. Uptake of SPD also was inhibited by the exogenous polyamines putrescine (PUTR) and spermine (SPM), as well as by the methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) and by paraquat (PQ). The order of potency of these inhibitors was SPM greater than PUTR = MGBG much greater than PQ. The absence of serum reduced the Vmax of the system slightly but had no effect on the apparent Km. In contrast, after 3 days in primary cell culture, the kinetics of SPD transport were altered by decreases in both the Km and Vmax of the uptake process. These observations indicate that type II pulmonary epithelial cells exhibit a pathway of polyamine uptake with general characteristics similar to those observed previously in intact lung tissue and other cell types.
Combustion of boron particles in products of an air-acetylene flame

Abstract Boron is an attractive fuel for propellants and explosives because of its high volumetric and gravimetric energy density. However, despite multiple previous studies, burn times and combustion temperatures of fine boron particles in well-characterized environments are not well known. The aim of this work was to characterize the combustion of boron particles injected into air–acetylene flames and to determine their burn times and combustion temperatures as a function of their size. The experiments used 95% pure commercial boron powder with particles in the range of 0.4–30 µm. Premixed acetylene–air flames with varying equivalence ratios (0.62 and 1.65) were produced. Boron powder was injected axially into the flame combustion products with a nitrogen jet. The particle size distributions were determined using powder that exited from the injector and captured directly on to microscope slides. Agglomerated particles fed into the flame were observed directly and accounted for in the particle size distributions. Powders were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle sizes were corrected accounting for the fractal dimensions of the observed agglomerates. The measured burn times were correlated with the obtained particle size distributions to recover the effect of particle size on its burn time. The environment in which the particles burned was characterized in detail using computational fluid dynamics. Results indicated that for micron-sized amorphous boron particles, their time, t b , in ms, can be described as a function of the particle diameter, d , in µm, as t b ≈ 4.73• d 0.75 . Average combustion temperatures exceed 2600 K in a pre-mixed hydrocarbon flame environment and show no significant correlation with particle size or burn times.
Exposure to Academic Surgery as a Medical Student

Medical students are exposed to a diverse array of specialties and subspecialties during their third year clerkship. Within surgery, they may be exposed to a variety of practice settings as well including private and community practice or academic surgery. For those interested in pursuing a career in academic surgery it is often beneficial to maximize your exposure to surgery during your time in medical school. This chapter will review several opportunities to increase your exposure to academic surgery as a medical student.
User authentication with keystroke dynamics in long-text data

Keystroke dynamics is a form of behavioral biometrics that can be used for continuous authentication of users while working at a terminal. In this paper, we extend the use of support vector machine (SVM) for continuous authentication with long-text data, from one-time password based authentication using short text. In result, we show we can authenticate legitimate users and reject impostors with negligible error (close to 0% equal error rate) by setting a one-class SVM for each user using a dataset of 34 users in a controlled environment. Our results show that by standardizing the input and setting the correct kernel scale, one-class SVM can be utilized as a tool to continuously authenticate users, and recognize keystroke dynamics with a high accuracy.
Clinical Developments Over the Past 100 Years of Acromegaly

I propose to trace the development of our current concepts of the cause and consequences of growth hormone excess in man. I will not address the parasellar manifestations of pituitary tumors, ectopic GHRH acromegaly, or the therapy of hypersomatotropism. These aspects have been well covered in other chapters.
Abstract 6: Co-targeting of Thrombomodulin and the Endothelial Protein C Receptor Protects the Pulmonary Vasculature in a Mouse Model of Acute Endothelial Injury

Background Recombinant activated protein C is protective in animal models of sepsis, stroke, and focal thrombosis, but has a poor side effect profile. Thrombomodulin (TM) and the Endothelial Protein C Receptor (EPCR) are endothelial membrane proteins, which partner to bind thrombin and activate protein C at sites of inflammation, ischemia, and thrombosis. Both proteins can be lost from the endothelial surface in a variety of disease states. We have shown previously that targeted delivery of TM to the Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (PECAM-1) on the endothelial surface is protective in mouse models of lung inflammation and ischemia. Unlike endogenous TM, however, recombinant TM targeted to PECAM-1 does not effectively partner with endogenous EPCR. Objective We hypothesized that co-delivery of TM and EPCR would enhance in vitro activity and therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Methods TM and EPCR were fused to single chain fragments of two anti-PECAM antibodies, which are known to demonstrate collaborative binding enhancement. TM and EPCR fusion proteins were tested on PECAM-expressing cells and mouse endothelial cells. Fusion proteins were injected intravenously in C57BL/6 mice prior to intratracheal injection of endotoxin. Expression of VCAM-1 was measured using qPCR and MIP-2 was quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Endothelial barrier dysfunction was quantified by measuring transendothelial leak of 125I-labeled albumin. Results TM and EPCR fusion proteins target PECAM-1 on endothelial cells and demonstrate collaborative binding. Independent of binding effects, the EPCR fusion protein results in a 50% increase in the activation of protein C by cell-bound TM, an effect blocked by anti-EPCR antibody. Consistent with in vitro results, the combination of TM and EPCR fusion proteins enhances protection in endotoxin-induced lung injury, reducing VCAM expression, BAL MIP-2, and transendothelial leak of albumin (p Conclusion Co-targeting of TM and EPCR to PECAM-1 enhances activation of protein C and represents a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases involving acute endothelial injury.
Abstract TMP71: Timing of Carotid Revascularization Procedures After Ischemic Stroke

Background: A 2004 report from two trials of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) indicated that its benefit was greatest when performed within 2 weeks of stroke onset. In 2006, the AHA recommended that carotid revascularization generally occur within 2 weeks of stroke. Hypothesis: Since 2005, the time between stroke and CEA or carotid artery stenting (CAS) has decreased and the proportion of patients undergoing CEA or CAS within 2 weeks has increased. Methods: Using administrative claims data from all nonfederal hospitals in CA, FL, and NY, we identified patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke between 2005 and 2012. We excluded those who did not undergo CEA or CAS within 90 days of admission for the index stroke. When stroke and CEA/CAS were documented in the same hospitalization, we included only strokes coded as present on admission so as to exclude periprocedural strokes in previously asymptomatic patients. All diagnoses and procedures were identified using previously validated ICD-9-CM codes. Our outcomes were the number of days between stroke and CEA/CAS and the proportion of patients who underwent CEA/CAS within the recommended 2-week period. Temporal trends were assessed using nonparametric correlation, chi-square test for trend, and logistic regression. Results: We identified 14,414 patients with ischemic stroke who underwent CEA or CAS within 90 days. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) number of days from stroke to CEA/CAS decreased from 25 (5-48) in 2005 to 6 (3-24) in 2012 (P Conclusions: Since 2005, revascularization for symptomatic carotid disease has been progressively occurring sooner after presentation with stroke.
Effect of exercise on weight, body fat, and serum inflammatory biomarkers in breast cancer survivors with aromatase inhibitor arthralgias: The hormones and physical exercise (HOPE) study.

9536 Background: We recently reported that exercise reduced AI-associated arthralgias. This analysis examined potential mechanisms mediating the effect on exercise on arthralgia, specifically weigh...
Synergistic Antimicrobial Combinations Inhibit and Inactivate Listeria monocytogenes in Neutral and Acidic Broth Systems.

The use of antimicrobial compounds can be an effective approach to control Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods, but it can also be limited by cost, restrictions on concentrations in foods, and potential changes to organoleptic properties. Combinatorial approaches that produce additive or synergistic effects allow for reductions in individual antimicrobial concentrations while achieving the same level of control. The present study determined the MIC and MBC of an antimicrobial compound when used alone or in binary combinations against L. monocytogenes in growth media adjusted to pH values 7.4 and 5.5 and characterized interactions as synergistic, additive, or antagonistic. Inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were defined as changes in L. monocytogenes counts of ≤1.0 or ≥3.0 log CFU/mL compared with the starting inoculum, respectively. Individually, lauric arginate (LAE), hydrogen peroxide (HP), and e-polylysine (EPL) inhibited L. monocytogenes growth at the lowest concentrations when applied alone in broth adjusted to pH 7.4. Similarly, LAE, EPL, and HP had the lowest MBCs in broth adjusted to both pH levels. The inhibitory efficacy of both caprylic acid and sodium caprylate (SC) increased at the lower pH, with reductions in MICs of >98%. In total, 35 and 19 additive or synergistic inhibitory and bactericidal combinations were identified at pH values 7.4 and 5.5, respectively. Combinations of acidified calcium sulfate with lactic acid (ACSL) and SC were among the most synergistic inhibitory groupings at both pH levels, whereas EPL+LAE were the most effective bactericides at pH 7.4. Combinations of SC with EPL or ACSL were also among the most effective bactericides at pH 5.5. These data serve as a foundation for developing more effective antimicrobial approaches for the control of L. monocytogenes in foods with different pH levels.
Springtime winds drive Ross Sea ice variability and change in the following autumn

Autumn sea ice trends in the western Ross Sea dominate increases in Antarctic sea ice and are outside the range simulated by climate models. Here we use a number of independent data sets to show that variability in western Ross Sea autumn ice conditions is largely driven by springtime zonal winds in the high latitude South Pacific, with a lead-time of 5 months. Enhanced zonal winds dynamically thin the ice, allowing an earlier melt out, enhanced solar absorption, and reduced ice cover the next autumn. This seasonal lag relationship has implications for sea ice prediction. Given a weakening trend in springtime zonal winds, this lagged relationship can also explain an important fraction of the observed sea ice increase. An analysis of climate models indicates that they simulate weaker relationships and wind trends than observed. This contributes to weak western Ross Sea ice trends in climate model simulations.Antarctic sea ice extent continues to increase, with autumn sea ice advances in the western Ross Sea particularly anomalous. Here, based on analysis of independent datasets, the authors show that springtime zonal winds in the high latitude South Pacific drive western Ross Sea autumn sea ice conditions.
Queer Communist Study: The Sinthomostudier against the Capital-Debt-Learning Regime.

ABSTRACTPresenting the current mode of production as a triumvirate of capital, learning, and debt, I argue that a certain education and rhythm reinforce exploitation and domination. I propose queer communist study to break out of this regime. I first turn to Lee Edelman's polemic against reproductive futurism, which commits us to the logic of identity, meaning, and repetition. Through mining and explicating Edelman's dispersed notes on education and pedagogy, I formulate the practice of sinthomostudying, which paradoxically situates us within the gap of identity and the internal surplus of the Symbolic order. The jouissance of sinthomostudying opens up a world of potentiality, but these potentialities do not necessarily stand in antagonism to the capital-debt-learning regime. This is a necessary but insufficient educational axiom as the configurations of communicative capitalism are sustained by the disruption and instability of the drive. Thus, I ultimately posit that for queer study to be communist it m...
Source-sink dynamics of bumblebees in rapidly changing landscapes

Bumblebees inhabit spatially heterogeneous landscapes that are likely characterized by population sources and sinks. To date, most studies of bumblebee habitat requirements have examined static relationships between worker abundance and habitat characteristics. However, if habitat types are linked by dispersal, source‐sink dynamics could alter overall population sensitivity to habitat loss, changing conclusions from static approaches. Here, we used empirically derived spatial matrix models to study source‐sink population dynamics of bumblebees in heterogeneous environments. We used these models to assess population sensitivity to habitat loss and to examine the population dynamics that could occur under rapid habitat change. Loss of natural habitat reduced long‐term population growth rates, and more natural habitat was required to sustain bumblebee species with long‐distance dispersal than species with short‐distance dispersal. The long‐term relative density of colonies in each habitat type depended on landscape structure and bumblebee dispersal ability. Under most conditions, high‐quality habitat contained higher densities of colonies than low‐quality habitats. However, low‐quality habitat could contain higher densities than high‐quality habitats if populations were in long‐term decline. Rapid loss or restoration of natural habitat produced transient population dynamics that differed from long‐term dynamics. After large landscape perturbations that affected population structure, transient dynamics persisted for 4–8 years and were longest for species with short dispersal in highly aggregated landscapes. While transient dynamics were short in duration, they caused large effects on long‐term population density. Synthesis and applications. When habitats are linked by dispersal or populations have recently experienced perturbations, patterns of abundance on the landscape may not reflect variation in habitat quality. Spatially structured matrix population models are practical tools than can be used to account for nonequilibrium and source‐sink dynamics. For bumblebees, population sensitivity to habitat loss and the duration of transient dynamics depend on dispersal ability and landscape configuration. Demographic approaches such as ours can help to disentangle population patterns from processes and will therefore be valuable for guiding conservation and management.
Relevance, Education, and the Future

While not covering every aspect of bioarchaeology, this chapter presents a broad overview of the possibilities within the field for answering important questions about the human condition, for engaging with people outside of academia, for developing an ethos (and set of ethical protocols) that are not shaped solely by laws and public perceptions, and for inviting students and others to take bioarchaeological approaches into new areas with innovation and creativity. The relevance of bioarchaeology is demonstrated with examples of its potential to infuse college curricula and teaching with innovation in pedagogy and hands-on experiences for students. Examples are provided of the large number of examples of employment opportunities for bioarchaeologists and for the kinds of research projects based on human remains that are being carried out by bioarchaeologists in the United States.
Enhancement of pancreatic carcinogenesis by dehydroepiandrosterone.

Caloric intake and body weight have been established as positive risk factors in the development of several human cancers.1 Conversely, caloric restriction has been found to significantly inhibit spontaneous2,3 as well as chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis4,5 and pancreatic pre-neoplastic foci6 in laboratory rodents.
Mechanics of Subcritical Crack Growth

Subcritical crack growth is a commonly observed but still not well-understood phenomenon. It is generally identified with the process of slow crack growth in metals subjected to rising or cyclic load. The phenomenon, however, is not exclusively associated with ductile* fracture nor with plastic deformation. Cracks can spread slowly in an elastic stress environment as long as the crack driving force is kept below the critical state. More precisely, it is the combined interaction of loading, geometry and size of specimen, material and environment that determines the crack growth characteristics.
Recurrent Choroidal Neovascularization Following Successful Photocoagulation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Over 50% of successfully treated choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVMs) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) develop recurrences within 2 years of treatment. Most of these recurrences will have occurred 6 to 12 months following initial treatment. Unfortunately, almost all recurrences occur contiguous with the foveal side of the treatment scar, invariably resulting in further visual loss. Possible risk factors felt to be related to an increased rate of recurrence are cigarette smoking, CNVMs located closer to the center of the fovea on initial presentation and CNVMs with very light pigmentation. Additional risk factors need to be identified that may predict which eyes are likely to develop recurrences. Closer follow-up of this high risk group may allow ophthalmologists to identify recurrences earlier, before they have extended through the foveal avascular zone and destroyed central vision.
Communicating Evaluation Results: The External Evaluator Perspective

These comments from senior managers serving on the advisory board of this training center were obviously influenced by a positive evaluation report. For the major author of the evaluation, this comment can certainly be qualified as positive feedback. Furthermore, this particular evaluation report received additional senior management endorsement, and excerpts from it were used throughtout the corporation. But how did it get this endorsement? What factors contributed to its use? How much planning was involved in this effort? These and other issues are addressed through a case study depicting the real-life business issues faced in reporting results from training evaluation.
Advances in Treatment and Long-term Survival in Patients with Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Treated at a Single Tertiary Center from 1984 to 2014.

Background We report long-term survival in open surgical and endovascular patients treated for descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) at a single tertiary center from 1984 to 2014 to study the impact of transition to thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for TAA repair. Methods Using a prospectively maintained registry, all patients (n = 202) having open or endovascular repair (TEVAR) of descending TAAs were studied. Date of last contact or death was obtained on all patients from hospital records, Social Security Death Database, and verified online records. Survival curves were computed and compared by age, preoperative variables, surgical approach, and hospital complications. Proportional hazards models were used for multivariate analysis of survival. Results In total, 28% had dissection, 41.6% presented acutely, 68.8% had TEVAR, and 31.1% had open surgery. Spinal cord injury (SCI) occurred in 0.5% and stroke in 1%. Operative mortality (5.9%) was associated with acuity, respiratory failure, open approach, and age. One-year survival in all patients was 83.7%. One-year mortality was associated with acuity, open surgery, respiratory failure, hospital complications, and coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Five-year survival was 60.4% and not associated with other variables. One-year survival was 76% in open patients and 87% in TEVAR patients. When operative mortality was excluded, 1-year survival was 89% and 5-year survival was 64.2% and there was no difference in long-term survival between TEVAR and open surgery. One-year mortality was associated with CABG and hospital complications. No variables were associated with 5-year survival. Ten-year survival was 35% and predicted only by age at operation. Conclusions Operative mortality was higher in open surgery than TEVAR, but after 30 days, long-term survival was the same. Eighty-nine percent of patients were alive 1 year after surgery and 64% were alive 5 years after surgery. Low SCI contributed to longer survival.
Ethnocentrism: A Literature Overview and Directions for Future Research

This paper attempts to give a thorough review of the research literature dealing with the ethnocentrism phenomenon. Various issues within the realm of the ethnocentric effect are discussed, and problems with the research concerning consistency of definition and measurement are identified. Included in the section on Directions for Future Research are several research propositions, and a definition for consumer ethnocentrism is submitted.
Strategies for Shaker Placement for Impedance-Matched Multi-Axis Testing

Multi-axis testing is growing in popularity in the testing community due to its ability to better match a complex three-dimensional excitation than a single-axis shaker test. However, with the ability to put a large number of shakers anywhere on the structure, the design space of such a test is enormous. This paper aims to investigate strategies for placement of shakers for a given test using a complex aerospace structure controlled to real environment data. Initially shakers are placed using engineering judgement, and this was found to perform reasonably well. To find shaker setups that improved upon engineering judgement, impact testing was performed at a large number of candidate excitation locations to generate frequency response functions that could be used to perform virtual control studies. In this way, a large number of shaker positions could be evaluated without needing to reposition the shakers each time. A brute force computation of all possible shaker setups was performed to find the set with the lowest error, but the computational cost of this approach is prohibitive for very large candidate shaker sets. Instead, an iterative approach was derived that found a suboptimal set that was nearly as good as the brute force calculation. Finally, an investigation into the number of shakers used for control was performed, which could help determine how many shakers might be necessary to perform a given test.
Process Emissions and Their Control—Part I

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on process emissions and their control. Generally, fuel conversions in large industrial equipment have involved the utilization of emission control equipment adequate to maintain emissions within allowable limits. The reaction of the high-temperature gases with ammonia that has been shown to reduce NO x is called thermal denox. The most comprehensive and well-documented study of emissions from coal-fired industrial stokers was conducted for the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Recovery of energy from the burning of wastes is a rapidly growing practice. Many liquid wastes are being co-fired with oil in industrial boilers, but few, if any, measurements have been published to show their effect on emissions. The ability of limestone in a fluidized bed to capture sulfur during coal combustion is stimulating the worldwide application of FBC to commercial and industrial boilers. When the world price of petroleum is depressed, there is an absence of intensive activity to develop alternative fuels.
Training the Older Workers: Pathways and Pitfalls

The need to remain current with updated skills continues as a challenge for adults and older adult workers. Learning new information and skills to keep abreast with changes in everyday activities and in the workplace is a lifelong challenge. In this chapter, approaches to lifelong learning and training over the last six decades are reviewed. Theories of lifelong learning are also reviewed as well as major national studies of older worker attitudes regarding employment and training. Overall, current research on training indicates that older workers can obtain successful outcomes when well-designed training approaches are used. Training design, motivation, and resilience are critical pathways for optimizing training outcomes. Task analysis also continues to be an important component of the design of training programs as it forms the basis for understanding the demands inherent in activities and the requisite skills. The importance of the employees’ self-initiated behaviors and a supportive organizational settings are also significantly important to education and training over a worker’s lifespan.
Insights Into the Experience of Liver Transplant Recipients With Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Descriptive Qualitative Study.

Background Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) due to alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the primary cause of liver transplantation (LT) in the United States. Studies have found that LT recipients experience a range of physical and emotional difficulties posttransplantation including return to alcohol use, depression, and anxiety. The aim of this study is to better understand the experiences of LT recipients with ALD because they recovered posttransplant to inform the development of a patient-centered intervention to assist patients during recovery. Methods Using qualitative methods, researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 ALD LT recipients. The primary topics of the interview were physical recovery, mental health, substance use including alcohol and tobacco use, and financial experiences. Common patient themes were identified and coded. Results Within the domain of physical health, patients stressed that undergoing LT was a near-death experience, they were helpless, changes in weight influenced their perception of their illness, and they have ongoing medical problems. In the domain of mental health, patients described cognitive impairments during their initial recovery, difficulty in processing the emotions of having a terminal condition, ongoing depression, anxiety, and irritability. The patients also described their perception of having AUD, the last time they used alcohol and their attitude to AUD treatment posttransplant. Patients also described their reliance on one member of their social support network for practical assistance during their recovery and identified one member of their medical team as being of particular importance in providing emotional as well as medical support during recovery. Conclusions The patient's description of their lived experience during the months following transplant informed the development of a patient-centered intervention that colocates behavioral health components with medical treatment that helps broaden their social network while addressing topics that emerged from this study.
Variables Impacting Intercultural Competence: A Systematic Literature Review

The importance of intercultural competence in today’s global economy is evident. Achieving intercultural competence, however, has no single formula. This study explored the variables impacting inte...
Inverse designed achromatic flat lens operating in the ultraviolet

We demonstrate an inverse designed achromatic, flat, polarization-insensitive diffractive optic element, i.e., a multilevel diffractive lens (MDL), operating across a broadband range of UV light (250 nm – 400 nm) via numerical simulations. The simulated average on-axis focusing efficiency of the MDL is optimized to be as high as ∼86%. We also investigate the off-axis focusing characteristics at different incident angles of the incoming UV radiation such that the MDL has a full field of view of 30°. The simulated average off-axis focusing efficiency is ∼67%, which is the highest reported till date for any chromatic or achromatic UV metalens or diffractive lens to the best of our knowledge. The designed MDL is composed of silicon nitride. The work reported herein will be useful for the miniaturization and integration of lightweight and compact UV optical systems.
Obstetric History and Risk of Short Cervix in Women with a Prior Preterm Birth.

OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the relationship between obstetric history and incidence of short cervical length (CL) at <24 weeks gestational age (GA) in women with a prior spontaneous preterm birth (PTB). STUDY DESIGN Women with a singleton gestation and a history of spontaneous PTB on progesterone who received prenatal care at a single center from 2011 to 2016 were included. Those who did not undergo screening or had a history-indicated cerclage were excluded. The associations between short CL (<25 mm) before 24 weeks and obstetrical factors including: number of prior PTBs, history of term birth, and GA of earliest spontaneous PTB were estimated through modified Poisson regression, adjusting for confounding factors. Multiple pregnancies for the same woman were accounted for through robust sandwich standard error estimation. RESULTS Among 773 pregnancies, 29% (n = 224) had a CL <25 mm before 24 weeks. The number of prior PTBs was not associated with short CL, but a prior full-term delivery conferred a lower risk of short CL (absolute risk reduction or aRR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63-1.00). Earliest GA of prior spontaneous PTB was associated with short CL. The strongest association was observed in women with a prior PTB at 160/7 to 236/7weeks (aRR 1.98, 95% CI: 1.46-2.70), compared with those with deliveries at 340/7 to 366/7 weeks. Yet, even women whose earliest PTB was 340/7 to 366/7 weeks remained at risk for a short CL, as 21% had a CL <25 mm. The number of prior PTBs did not modify the effect of GA of the earliest prior PTB (interaction test: p = 0.70). CONCLUSION GA of earliest spontaneous PTB, but not the number of prior PTBs, is associated with short CL. Nevertheless, women with a history of later PTBs remain at sufficiently high risk of having a short CL at <24 weeks gestation that we cannot recommend modifications to existing CL screening guidelines in this group of women. KEY POINTS · Prior 16 to 236/7 weeks birth is a key risk factor for CL <25 mm.. · One in five women with prior late PTB had a short CL.. · Number of PTBs is a less important risk factor..
Applications of Non-Hermitian Coupled VCSEL Arrays

Photonic crystal 2-element VCSEL arrays with independent current injection enable non-Hermitian supermodes that can be used for beam steering or modulation enhancement. Examples of both applications will be shown for VCSEL arrays emitting at 850nm.
Development and validation of SuperDEM-CFD coupled model for simulating non-spherical particles hydrodynamics in fluidized beds

Abstract A SuperDEM-CFD coupled model was developed and validated in open-source MFiX for simulating non-spherical particles fluidization hydrodynamics in fluidized beds. The non-spherical particle was modeled using a superquadric method and shapes can be modeled by only varying five parameters. DPVM-Satellites interpolation scheme was developed to distribute the non-spherical particle volume into the neighboring fluid cells. A general algorithm to calculate the particle projected area perpendicular to the flow was developed. Two hybrid drag models that consider the effects of both particle orientation and cell voidage were implemented and compared. The model was validated by comparing the simulation results with the fluidization experiments of particles of different shapes, including sphere, cylinder, rod, and cuboid. The solver can correctly simulate the pressure drop, particle height distribution, and particle orientation distribution. Finally, large-scale systems with 100 million non-spherical particles were parallel simulated on 6800 cores, which demonstrated the ability of the solver for industrial-relevant flows simulation.
Aerobic Metabolism Impairment in Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) Juveniles Exposed to Urban Wastewater in Manaus, Amazon

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential use of metabolic parameters as non-specific biomarkers of pollution. The Igarape do Quarenta is a small urban river crossing an industrial area in the city of Manaus, Amazon, and receives the city wastewater without treatment. The fish tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) were exposed to water collected from two different sites of that stretch for 96 h. After exposure, routine metabolic rate (RMR) was measured, and fish were euthanized for measurements of electron transport system (ETS) activity, Copper (Cu) and Cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulation and biliary PAHs. Water in the sampling points presented low oxygen and high pH, conductivity, dissolved ions, Cu, Cd and ammonia. Bile concentrations of PAHs were high suggesting industrial pollution. The tambaqui exposed to water from Igarape do Quarenta showed increased RMR and decreased ETS/RMR suggesting impairment of metabolic fish performance and the potential use of these parameters as biomarkers.
Risk Factors for Stress Fractures in Female Runners: Results of a Survey.

# Background Few studies compare women with and without stress fractures and most focus on younger, elite runners. # Hypothesis/Purpose Compare risk factors between female runners with and without a stress fracture history. # Study Design Case control # Methods An online survey targeting women age ≥18 years was distributed primarily via social media. Questions included demographics, running details, cross training, nutrition, injury history, medical/menstrual history, and medications. Women with stress fracture histories answered questions about location, number, and changes made. Data were compared between groups using t-tests, chi-square tests, or Fisher’s exact tests. Multivariable logistic regression models simultaneously investigated associations of multiple factors using backward variable selection. # Results Data from 1648 respondents were analyzed. Mean age was 40 years, and 25.4% reported stress fractures. Significant differences were found between groups for days/week running, mileage/week, running pace, years running, having a coach, cycling or swimming, calorie consumption for activity, other running injuries, medical history, medication/supplement intake, age at menarche, and going ≥6 months without a menstrual period. Odds of having a stress fracture were increased with osteopenia (OR 4.14), shin splints (OR 3.24), tendon injuries (OR 1.49), running >20 miles/week (OR 1.74-1.77) compared to 11-20 miles/week, having a coach (OR 1.86), and cycling (OR 1.15). Women running 11:00-11:59 minutes/mile or slower were less likely to have a stress fracture compared to those running 9:00-9:59 minutes/mile (OR 0.43-0.54). The odds of having a stress fracture were 1.43 times higher for going ≥ 6 months without a menstrual period. Use of calcium, probiotics, and vitamin D increased odds. Post fracture, common changes made were with cross training (49%), mileage (49%), and strength training (35%). # Conclusions Multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors were identified for female runners who sustained one or more stress fracture during running. Prospective studies are warranted to infer a cause and effect relationship amongst these variables and stress fracture risk. # Level of Evidence Level IV
Association of Premenopausal Bilateral Oophorectomy With Restless Legs Syndrome.

Importance Restless legs syndrome is a common neurologic disorder that is more prevalent in women than in men, and it has been suggested that female hormones may be involved in the disorder’s pathophysiology. Objective To determine whether women who underwent premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy were at increased risk of restless legs syndrome. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was performed using data from the Mayo Clinic Cohort Study of Oophorectomy and Aging–2 for a population in Olmsted County, Minnesota. There were 1653 women who underwent premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy before the age of 50 years for a benign indication between 1988 and 2007 and 1653 age-matched women (of same age plus or minus 1 year) in a reference group. Follow-up was conducted until the end of the study period (ie, December 31, 2014). Data were analyzed from January to July 2020. Exposures Undergoing bilateral oophorectomy, as shown in medical record documentation. Main Outcomes and Measures Diagnosis of restless legs syndrome, as defined usingDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(Fifth Edition) criteria, was recorded. Results Among 3306 women, the median (interquartile range) age at baseline was 44.0 (40.0-47.0) years. Women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy, compared with women who did not undergo this procedure, had a greater number of chronic conditions at the index date (eg, 300 women [18.1%] vs 171 women [10.3%] with ≥3 chronic conditions; overallP Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found that risk of restless legs syndrome was increased among women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy prior to menopause, especially those without a benign ovarian indication.
Two-photon live imaging of single corneal stem cells reveals compartmentalized organization of the limbal niche

The functional heterogeneity of resident stem cells that support adult organs is incompletely understood. Here, we directly visualize the corneal limbus in the eyes of live mice and identify discrete stem cell niche compartments. By recording the life cycle of individual stem cells and their progeny, we directly analyze their fates and show that their location within the tissue can predict their differentiation status. Stem cells in the inner limbus undergo mostly symmetric divisions and are required to sustain the population of transient progenitors that support corneal homeostasis. Using in situ photolabeling, we captured their progeny exiting the niche before moving centripetally in unison. The long-implicated slow-cycling stem cells are functionally distinct and display local clonal dynamics during homeostasis but can contribute to corneal regeneration after injury. This study demonstrates how the compartmentalized organization of functionally diverse stem cell populations supports the maintenance and regeneration of an adult organ.
Social Capital and the Church: Engaging Virtually for the Sake of the World:

Today’s dramatically reconfigured world has created opportunities for unprecedented types of social interaction and engagement in missions. Amid economic, environmental, and pandemic crises, it is ...
Temporal and Object Quantification Nets

We aim to learn generalizable representations for complex activities by quantifying over both entities and time, as in “the kicker is behind all the other players,” or “the player controls the ball until it moves toward the goal.” Such a structural inductive bias of object relations, object quantification, and temporal orders will enable the learned representation to generalize to situations with varying numbers of agents, objects, and time courses. In this paper, we present Temporal and Object Quantification Nets (TOQ-Nets), which provide such structural inductive bias for learning composable action concepts from time sequences that describe the properties and relations of multiple entities. We evaluate TOQ-Nets on two benchmarks: trajectory-based soccer event detection, and 6D pose-based manipulation concept learning. We demonstrate that TOQ-Nets can generalize from small amounts of data to scenarios where there are more agents and objects than were present during training. The learned concepts are also robust with respect to temporally warped sequences and easily transfer to other prediction tasks in a similar domain.
Defining Antibiotic Inertia: Application of a Focused Clinical Scenario Survey to Illuminate A New Target for Antimicrobial Stewardship During Transitions of Care.

In clinical scenario surveys, inpatient providers were more likely to continue inappropriate antibiotic therapy (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.35-3.03, p<0.001) or broad therapy (OR 1.8; 95%CI 1.27-2.56, p=0.001) when initiated by ED providers, as compared to appropriate or narrow antibiotics, respectively. Antibiotic inertia could represent a significant antibiotic stewardship target.
A Preliminary Assessment of Rural Corruption in China

Rural-related corruption in China manifests itself differently in terms of different forms and intensity over time. The preliminary findings indicate that rural-related corruption in China is a particular type of white-collar crime. It embraces a mixed dimension of political crime, economic crime, corporate crime, environmental crime, and crimes within social control systems, such as the police. The time series analysis demonstrates an increase of diversity and intensity of this corruption. It also shows that rural corruption is dynamic and its dynamics have evolved significantly over time. An analysis of the historical context identifies three distinctive stages of rural-related corruption (1995-2007; 2008-2012, and 2013-2017), from acknowledgement of the issue, to issue outbreak, to a "rampant" stage, all with consistent determinants and explanations. Evidence shows that Chinese national land use policy is among the leading explanations of rural corruption. The majority of other types of rural corruption also are rooted in land-related issues. The causes of corruption in rural China have both institutional and individual behavioral explanations, which distinguishes them from the explanations of general corruption. General criminological explanations of corruption must be modified to fit a rural context and the unique histories of particular society, which in this case, is China.
Corticosteroids regulate brain hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expression

Using in situ hybridization techniques, the expression of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA was measured within the hippocampal formation after bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX). After 24 hr ADX, 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expression was significantly increased in all hippocampal subfields in ADX animals relative to sham-operated controls (SHAM). The magnitude of the increase was most pronounced within CA2 (127%) and CA3/4 (94%)- subfields of dorsal hippocampus, intermediate in the dentate gyrus (73%), and least within CA1 (60%). Administration of exogenous corticosterone (CORT) at the time of ADX maintained the level of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expression within the range of SHAM animals. In vitro receptor autoradiographic analysis of 5-HT1A receptors in adjacent sections from the same animals indicated a simultaneous increase in 5- HT1A binding throughout the hippocampus in response to ADX. 5-HT1A binding increased to a similar extent (approximately 30%) in CA subfields and dentate gyrus but remained within SHAM levels in CORT- replaced animals. 5-HT1A receptor mRNA levels were also increased in hippocampal subregions of 1 week ADX animals relative to SHAM animals. Within both CA1 and CA2 subfields, the increments were approximately double those observed after 1 d ADX. 5-HT1A receptor binding was increased in every hippocampal subfield to a similar extent as that observed after 1 d ADX. Increases in both 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expression and 5-HT1A receptor binding were preventable by administration of exogenous CORT at the time of ADX. Hippocampal 5-HT1C receptor mRNA and D1 receptor mRNA expression were not significantly altered by either acute or chronic ADX treatment. These data indicate that adrenal steroids may selectively regulate hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors at the level of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expression.
Isoenzymes of transaldolase in Candida utilis. II. The molecular properties of transaldolase isoenzymes 1 and 3 and the conditions for hybridization to form isoenzyme 2.

Abstract The two primary forms of transaldolase present in commercial strains of Candida utilis are identical in enzymatic properties but differ in amino acid composition, molecular weight, and stability to heat inactivation. Each isoenzyme appears to contain two identical polypeptide chains, and a mixture of the two primary forms yields a hybrid form containing both polypeptide chains. The equilibrium constant for formation of the hybrid form from the parental forms is 0.66. Hybridization studies have also been carried out with the corresponding β-glyceryl derivatives formed by reduction of the intermediate Schiff-base complexes. Hybrids are not formed if both isoenzymes are in the β-glyceryl form, but if only one isoenzyme has been converted, then hybridization follows the predicted pattern, yielding the hybrid isoenzyme with 50% of the original activity. There is an equal contribution from each parental protein in the formation of the hybrid.
Semantic Cohesion and Learning

A previously reported measure of dialog cohesion was extended to measure cohesion by counting semantic similarity (the repetition of meaning) as well as lexical reiteration (the repetition of words) cohesive ties. Adding semantic similarity ties improved the algorithm's correlation with learning among high pre-testers in one of our corpora of tutoring dialogs, where the lexical reiteration measure alone had correlated only for low pre-testers. Counting cohesive ties which have increasing semantic distance increases the measure's correlation with learning in that corpus. We also find that both directions of tie, student-to-tutor and tutor-to-student, are equally important in producing these correlations. Finally, we present evidence suggesting that the correlations we find may be with deeper "far transfer" learning.
Left heart catheterization. I. Clinical methods and applications.

Abstract 1. 1. The technique, premedication, and approach for left heart catheterization have been presented. Problems pertaining to left atrial puncture have been described, and suggestions made. 2. 2. Our experiences in 127 such consecutive procedures in 120 patients have been outlined. 3. 3. The complications have consisted of hemopericardium (80 per cent) of no clinical significance, requiring no specific therapy. Hemothorax occurred on six occasions, pneumothorax in three. Sudden death occured in one patient twelve hours subsequent to the procedure.