cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Merleau-Ponty and Carroll on the Power of Movies

AbstractMovies have a striking aesthetic power: they can draw us in and induce a peculiar mode of involvement in their images – they absorb us. While absorbed in a movie, we lose track both of the passage of time and of the fact that we are sitting in a dark room with other people watching the play of light upon a screen. What is the source of the power of movies? Noel Carroll, who cites Maurice Merleau-Ponty as an influence on his account of the power of movies, agrees with Merleau-Ponty that our perceptual experience of movies draws on many of the capacities at work in our perceptual experience of everyday situations. Yet Merleau-Ponty’s account of perception shows that Carroll’s emphasis on intellectual inference and the entertaining of unasserted thoughts is a distortion of the phenomenology of cinematic absorption. According to Merleau-Ponty, such intellectual operations come into play in cases of breakdown but should not be read back into the primary absorbed experience as being implicitly operative...
A U.S. Perspective on the Contextual Terrain of Political Economy in Insolvency Reform

The legislative history of the 2005 revisions to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code has been well documented. Yet these revisions created a puzzle for political economists. If, as other scholars (mostly rightly) contend, American debtors enjoy lobbying power that would make their foreign counterparts blush, where did they go wrong in 2005? Indeed, a comparison to the Canadian experience, where insolvency laws were also recently amended, only sharpens this puzzle. In Canada, commercial banks wallow in well-concentrated power; yet there the outcome was much more debtor-friendly than in the United States. Traditional political economy accounts would have predicted a harsher Canadian law and a softer U.S. one, but closer to the opposite was the case. This book chapter probes this unexpected outcome. Its (concededly rudimentary) political economy analysis suggests that the divergence lay in the different "terrains" of the insolvency lobbying landscape. Creditors in the United States reframed the initial debate, which enabled them to discredit and distract potential adversaries, and which in turn helped them overcome the apparently superior bargaining endowment of debtors (or, more precisely, the debtors' proxies in the bench, bar, and academy). The Canadian debtors escaped this fate. As such, the traditional accounts still generally hold; it was the political economy landscape - the "lobbysphere" - that was different.
Regulation of lipolysis and ketogenesis by norepinephrine in conscious dogs

The lipolytic and ketogenic effects of norepinephrine (NE) at levels present in the circulation or the synaptic cleft during stress were examined in the overnight-fasted conscious dog. Insulin and glucagon were maintained at basal levels while NE, at a rate of either 0.04 (n = 6) or 0.32 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 (n = 5), or saline (n = 6) was infused for 3 h. NE rose from 129 +/- 17 to 442 +/- 85 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) and 100 +/- 24 to 3,244 +/- 807 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) with the low and high infusion rates, respectively (unchanged with saline infusion). There were no significant changes in lipolysis or ketogenesis with saline infusion. Both low and high NE infusion produced sustained increases in glycerol (from 72 +/- 20 to 119 +/- 24 microM and 59 +/- 19 to 248 +/- 32 microM, respectively, both P less than 0.05), while nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) rose from 609 +/- 85 to 952 +/- 100 and 767 +/- 140 to 2,054 +/- 199 microM (both P less than 0.05). Ketone levels and net hepatic production rose significantly only with the high NE infusion (from 88 +/- 10 to 266 +/- 46 microM and 1.30 +/- 0.26 to 7.62 +/- 1.48 mumol.kg-1.min-1, respectively, both P less than 0.05). The ratio of net hepatic ketone production to NEFA uptake rose 54% with high NE infusion. In conclusion, at circulating levels seen during stress, NE stimulates lipolysis but does not directly influence ketogenesis. At circulating levels projected to exist in the synaptic cleft during stress, NE has a potent lipolytic effect and stimulates ketogenesis.
Isomerization of Fatty Oils with Thionyl Chloride Catalyst

Isomerization of soybean oil, methyl oleate, and methyl linoleate with thionyl chloride was investigated under various conditions. The amounts of conjugated dienes formed are relatively small, and infrared spectroscopic study shows that conjugated dienes are mainly of the trans-trans form. In the isomerization of methyl oleate with 1% thionyl chloride at 180°-250°C, the double bond migrates from 6 to 12 position.The thermal decomposition of thionyl chloride was examined by the IR spectral analysis and organoleptic test. Moreover, the effects of the possible thermal decomposition products of thionyl chloride, Cl2, SO2, and S2Cl2, upon the isomerization of soybean oil were studied. From the results, it can be inferred that, in the isomerization of soybean oil with thionyl chloride a greater fraction of the thionyl chloride will remain unchanged below 220°C. Moreover, it is considered that some of the decomposition products of thionyl chloride, if formed in small quantities, may play a role of catalyst.
Carbon Isotopic Signatures of Elytra Reflect Larval Diet in Luperine Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Larval host associations in luperine rootworm beetles (Chrysomelidae), including the many pest species in the subtribes Diabroticina and Aulacophorina, remain largely unknown because adults often feed on plant species and families other than those favored for larval development. Because important questions concerning the evolutionary origins, systematic relationships, and pest management of luperine rootworms require knowledge of their larval host associations, techniques that enable inference of larval host use from adult structures are needed. Using spotted cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, and striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.), as model species, this study confirms that the stable carbon isotopic signature of adult elytra (the ratio between 13 C and 12 C isotopes, expressed as δ 13 C) accurately reflects whether an individual consumed C 3 plants throughout its life, C3 plants as a larva and C 4 plants as an adult, or C 4 plants exclusively. The study also demonstrates that, because the δ 13 C of elytra is unaffected by time, easily accessible museum specimens can be used for δ 13 C assays.
Manipulating Multiple Coupling in Plasmonic Nanoantenna Arrays

A general strategy is developed to exploit the coordinated effects of multiple coupling in plasmonic nanoantenna arrays with metal-insulator-metal configuration for optimization of spectral response and local field enhancement.
Causes of retinopathy of prematurity: an epidemiologic perspective.

Abstract This chapter presents a strategy for integration of the current thinking about the causes of ROP. Application of these concepts assumes that results of any etiologic study are derived from valid methods. Discussion of principles of validity in epidemiologic studies is beyond the scope of this paper. However, reference was made to two sources of invalidity in studies of the causes of ROP: 1) the empirical or operational definition and measurement of the conceptual cause, and 2) confounding by degree of immaturity of retinal vasculatures, particularly with regard to interpretation of duration of ventilatory support as a cause of ROP. The distinction was made between an agent that initiates or promotes disease mechanism and a cause. Failure to appreciate this distinction has contributed to the confusion about the role of oxygen in the pathogenesis of retinopathy. Apart from settings of oxygen mismanagement, oxygen per se is part of the mechanism for development of disease. Certainly there are other biochemical requirements in addition to oxygen that set the stage for full-blown disease. Factors that are associated with the disruption of normal development of retinal vasculature and are susceptible to manipulation (either by reduction or elimination) during the prenatal and postnatal period may be more useful component causes to investigate.
The JD-1: an Implementation of a Hybrid Keyboard/Sequencer Controller for Analog Synthesizers.

This paper presents the JD-1, a digital controller for analog modular synthesizers. The JD-1 features a capacitive touchsensing keyboard that responds to continuous variations in finger contact, high-accuracy polyphonic control-voltage outputs, a built-in sequencer, and digital interfaces for connection to MIDI and OSC devices. Design goals include interoperability with a wide range of synthesizers, very highresolution pitch control, and intuitive control of the sequencer from the keyboard.
Apolipoprotein B metabolism in hypertriglyceridemic diabetic patients administered either a fish oil- or vegetable oil-enriched diet

The effect on apolipoprotein B kinetics of a diet enriched in either fish oil or safflower oil was investigated in five hypertriglyceridemic (HTG), non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. The fish oil diet decreased plasma triglycerides and VLDL-apoB but increased LDL-apoB and LDL-cholesterol. Total plasma apoB concentration did not change, nor did the increased VLDL-apoB secretion present in these HTG subjects, which, accompanied by impaired lipolysis, accounted for their elevated VLDL. The fish oil-induced fall in VLDL resulted from a decrease in secretion without a change in residence time. The IDL fraction, which also contained small VLDL, was the primary site for the secretion of apoB particles in the HTG subjects. On the fish oil diet there was a further, compensatory increase in the secretion of these lipoproteins such that the transport of apoB in IDL remained the same, as did its mass. In the HTG subjects the major portion of IDL lipoproteins was catabolized, with LDL-apoB production comprising the lesser quantity. On the fish oil diet, a shift in the channeling of the lipoprotein output from IDL resulted in a decrease in the catabolic pathway and an increase in conversion to LDL. As the residence time of LDL did not change, this increased input gave rise to the larger mass of LDL-apoB seen in these hypertriglyceridemic subjects when receiving a fish oil diet.
Synovectomy of the knee.

Summary In properly selected patients synovectomy is highly effective in relieving pain, preserving function, and eliminating effusion. The ideal paient is one with a thick boggy synovium and a chronic effusion (in one or both knees) that is refractory to medical management of four to six months. We prefer a medial parapatellar approach, with removal of at least 85 per cent of the synovium.
The National Children’s Study: Recruitment Outcomes Using an Enhanced Household-Based Approach

OBJECTIVES: Ten National Children’s Study (NCS) study locations with diverse demographic characteristics used an enhanced household-based recruitment (EHBR) approach to enroll preconceptional and pregnant women. Study centers used different types and dosages of community outreach and engagement (COE) activities and supplemental strategies. The goal of the study was to determine whether variability in enumeration and recruitment outcomes correlated with study location characteristics or types and dosages of COE activities (number of COE events, number of advance household mailings, total media expenditures, and total COE expenditures). METHODS: Each of the sites provided data on COE activities, protocol implementation, supplemental recruitment activities, location demographic characteristics, and enumeration/recruitment outcomes. RESULTS: COE activities varied across sites in breadth and scope. Numerous strategies were used, including media advertising, social media, participation in community-wide events, presentations to stakeholders, and creation of advisory boards. Some sites included supplemental recruitment efforts. EHBR sites enrolled 1404 women at the initial pregnancy screening. No significant relationships were found between study location demographic characteristics or between the types and dosages of COE activities and recruitment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Probability sampling for a long-term study requires a positive image with stakeholders and within communities; this requirement may be especially true for door-to-door recruitment. EHBR sites successfully recruited a representative sample of preconceptional and pregnant women. Sites reported implementing similar COE activities but with varying dosage and cost; however, analyses did not support a benefit of COE strategies on study recruitment.
The OECD as Pivot of the Emerging Global Educational Accountability Regime: How Accountable are the Accountants?:

Background/ContextPISA has catapulted the OECD—an organization whose mission is the global growth of market economies—to a central role in international education policy making, rivaling and someti...
Long-Term Storage Stability of the Bacteriocin Propionicin PLG-1 Produced by Propionibacterium thoenii and Potential as a Food Preservative †.

Propionicin PLG-1, a bacteriocin produced by Propionibacterium thoenii strain P127, was tested for characteristics that could determine its usefulness as a food preservative : long-term storage stability and effectiveness in a food model system. Partially purified propionicin PLG-1 samples, lyophilized and nonlyophilized, were stored at 25, 4, and -20°C. Bacteriocin activity increased by as much as 200% over the first 10 days of storage in nonlyophilized samples stored at 25 or 4°C. Activity then decreased gradually for samples stored at 25°C while samples stored at 4°C retained high activity through 14 weeks of storage. Nonlyophilized samples frozen at -20°C and lyophilized samples stored at all temperatures did not change significantly in activity through 25 weeks of storage. Propionicin was added at 100 and 1,000 arbitrary units (AU)/ml to lactobacilli MRS broth and to skim milk, each inoculated with 10 5 cells per ml of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 4797. Upon incubation at 37°C with 1,000 AU/ml, cell numbers were reduced by at least 4 log units within 2 h and no viable cells were detected after 96 h in either medium. With 100 AU/ml of propionicin, viable cells were reduced by 2 log units within 12 h at 37°C, but culture growth resumed after 24 h. At 15°C, no viable cells were detected after 48 h in the presence of 1,000 AU/ml of propionicin, while viable cell counts were gradually reduced to about 10 cells per ml by 168 h in the presence of 100 AU/ml of propionicin.
Update on Prenatal Care

Many elements of routine prenatal care are based on tradition and lack a firm evidence base; however, some elements are supported by more rigorous studies. Correct dating of the pregnancy is critical to prevent unnecessary inductions and to allow for accurate treatment of preterm labor. Physicians should recommend folic acid supplementation to all women as early as possible, preferably before conception, to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Administration of Rho(D) immune globulin markedly decreases the risk of alloimmunization in an RhD-negative woman carrying an RhD-positive fetus. Screening and treatment for iron deficiency anemia can reduce the risks of preterm labor, intrauterine growth retardation, and perinatal depression. Testing for aneuploidy and neural tube defects should be offered to all pregnant women with a discussion of the risks and benefits. Specific genetic testing should be based on the family histories of the patient and her partner. Physicians should recommend that pregnant women receive a vaccination for influenza, be screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria, and be tested for sexually transmitted infections. Testing for group B streptococcus should be performed between 35 and 37 weeks' gestation. If test results are positive or the patient has a history of group B streptococcus bacteriuria during pregnancy, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis should be administered to reduce the risk of infection in the infant. Intramuscular or vaginal progesterone should be considered in women with a history of spontaneous preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or shortened cervical length (less than 2.5 cm). Screening for diabetes should be offered using a universal or a risk-based approach. Women at risk of preeclampsia should be offered low-dose aspirin prophylaxis, as well as calcium supplementation if dietary calcium intake is low. Induction of labor may be considered between 41 and 42 weeks' gestation.
Auditory modeling applied to formant tracking of noise-corrupted speech

The authors explore the use of the EIH (ensemble interval histogram) as the basis for formant frequency estimation for noise-corrupted speech. By measuring the percent RMS (root mean square) errors of the first three formants it was shown that the EIH is effective for formant frequency estimation. The authors also show the effects that some of the model parameters have on formant tracking and conclude that the uniform IIR (infinite impulse response) filter bank with eight linear level-crossings is best suited for formant tracking of noise-corrupted speech. The minimal influence of these parameter changes indicates the robustness of the auditory model. Results obtained provide strong evidence that formant frequency estimation based on the EIH may be more accurate for noise-corrupted speech than results achieved with traditional methods. >
Sublethal exposure to alpha radiation (223Ra dichloride) enhances various carcinomas' sensitivity to lysis by antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes through calreticulin-mediated immunogenic modulation.

// Anthony S. Malamas 1 , Sofia R. Gameiro 1 , Karin M. Knudson 1 , James W. Hodge 1 1 Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Correspondence to: James W. Hodge, email: jh241d@nih.gov Keywords: radium-223, alpha radiation, CTL-mediated lysis, immunogenic modulation, calreticulin Received: October 07, 2016 Accepted: November 07, 2016 Published: November 23, 2016 ABSTRACT Radium-223 dichloride (Xofigo ® ; 223 Ra) is an alpha-emitting radiopharmaceutical FDA-approved for the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer. It is also being examined clinically in patients with breast and lung carcinoma and patients with multiple myeloma. As with other forms of radiation, the aim of 223 Ra is to reduce tumor burden by directly killing tumor cells. External beam (photon) and proton radiation have been shown to augment tumor sensitivity to antigen-specific CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, little is known about whether treatment with 223 Ra can also induce such immunogenic modulation in tumor cells that survive irradiation. We examined these effects in vitro by exposing human prostate, breast, and lung carcinoma cells to sublethal doses of 223 Ra. 223 Ra significantly enhanced T cell-mediated lysis of each tumor type by CD8 + CTLs specific for MUC-1, brachyury, and CEA tumor antigens. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the increase in CTL killing was accompanied by augmented protein expression of MHC-I and calreticulin in each tumor type, molecules that are essential for efficient antigen presentation. Enhanced tumor-cell lysis was facilitated by calreticulin surface translocation following 223 Ra exposure. The phenotypic changes observed after treatment appear to be mediated by induction of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway. By rendering tumor cells more susceptible to T cell-mediated lysis, 223 Ra may potentially be effective in combination with various immunotherapies, particularly cancer vaccines that are designed to generate and expand patients’ endogenous antigen-specific T-cell populations against specific tumor antigens.
Attenuation Correction of PET/MR Imaging

PET/MR is a promising multimodality imaging approach. Attenuation is by far the largest correction required for quantitative PET imaging. MR-based attenuation correction have been extensively pursued, especially for brain imaging, in the past several years. In this article, we review atlas and direct imaging MR-based PET attenuation correction methods. The technical principles behind these methods are detailed and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed.
Familiarity breeds contempt: perceived service and sales complacency in business-to-business relationships

Relationship marketing and its strategic focus on long-term exchanges is an engrained practice in today’s business-to-business (B2B) environment. B2B relationships are important given the reciprocating benefits they offer to offset the resource-intensive investments necessary for relationship initiation and maintenance. However, the reality of the marketplace shows customer defection rates remain a concern, dark side relationship mechanisms emerge as exchanges persist, and suppliers shirk on investing the effort necessary to service their customers. Research is needed to better understand customer defections and the nuanced assessment of perceived supplier complacency in B2B service relationships. To inform this research agenda, the authors assess depth interviews with 56 executive participants across 35 post-mortem customer defection cases. Findings identify thematic representations of perceived supplier complacency within the customer-supplier service provision (i.e. service complacency), as well as dur...
Learning Civil Procedure

A civil case goes to trial only if a judge decides that a legitimate claim has been properly presented. A jury then decides the factual questions on which that claim is based. Mastery of civil procedure hinges upon an understanding of both how a court comes to have the power — jurisdiction — to adjudicate a particular controversy and to enforce its orders against involuntary participants, and the rules under which civil litigation is conducted. A reading of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure is not by itself sufficient — an understanding of the specialized terminology of the field is also required. To help the student gain this understanding, each chapter of Learning Civil Procedure begins with a clear explanation of the terms that will be encounter. The discussions of particular processes are illustrated by examples, and most chapters end with hypothetical problems that are explained in the context of the applicable general rules. Learning Civil Procedure is designed to untangle the confusion that can hide the workings of courts. The goal of the book is to make the civil procedure course easier for beginning law students, or for anyone who wants to gain competence in that field.
A historical perspective on understanding optical aberrations

The design and development of today’s optical systems were made possible by a theoretical understanding of optical aberrations. Although the subject is still evolving, serious work spans almost four centuries. In this paper, a historical summary of the development of the understanding of optical aberrations is presented by relating the contributions of numerous individuals. The major events and discoveries are also presented in a time-line format on a century by century basis to allow a rapid overview.
Early versus late surgical management of complicated appendicitis in children: A statewide database analysis with one-year follow-up

Abstract Background Complicated appendicitis is common in children, yet the timing of surgical management remains controversial. Some support initial antibiotics with delayed operation whereas others support immediate operation. While a few randomized trials have evaluated this question, they have been small, single-center trials with limited follow-up. We present a database analysis of outcomes in early versus late surgical management of complicated appendicitis with one-year follow-up. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of children with complicated appendicitis presenting between 2000 and 2013, utilizing a New York State database. We compare children undergoing later versus early appendectomy with a primary outcome measure of any complication within one year as determined from ICD-9 codes. Results 8840 children were included in the analysis, 7708 of whom underwent early appendectomy. Patients with late appendectomy were significantly more likely to have at least one complication when compared to those undergoing early appendectomy (34.6% vs 26.7%, p Conclusions We present the first population-level study evaluating early versus late appendectomy in children with complicated appendicitis with a one-year follow-up period. Children undergoing late appendectomy were more likely to have a complication than those undergoing early appendectomy. These data corroborated previous studies supporting early operative management. Level of evidence This study provides level III evidence of a treatment study.
Learning by Explaining to a Digital Doppelganger

Digital doppelgangers are virtual humans that highly resemble the real self but behave independently. An emerging computer animation technology makes the creation of digital doppelgangers an accessible reality. This allows researchers in pedagogical agents to explore previously unexplorable research questions, such as how does increasing the similarity in appearance between the agent and the student impact learning. This paper discusses the design and evaluation of a digital doppelganger as a virtual listener in a learning-by-explaining paradigm. Results offer insight into the promise and limitation of this novel technology.
Response of Gerbil Cerebral Unit Activity to Slowly Declining Tissue Po2

Within the central nervous system, regional differences may exist in oxygen tension due to the variation in such factors as blood flow, capillary density, and rates of tissue respiration. Also, cells located near the venous portion of a capillary should be exposed to a lower oxygen tension than cells at the arterial end as suggested by modeling based on the Krogh cylinder (Krogh, 1919). Such Po2 differences, in fact, have been demonstrated experimentally (Silver, 1965; Metzger and Heuber, 1977). During an ischemic or hypoxic insult, certain cells may be the first casualties in that the Po2 may reach zero more quickly for those cells normally existing in low Po2 areas.
Interactive Two-Way Shape Design of Elastic Bodies

We present a novel system for interactive elastic shape design in both forward and inverse fashions. Using this system, the user can choose to edit the rest shape or the quasistatic shape of an elastic solid, and obtain the other shape that matches under the quasistatic equilibrium condition at the same time. The development of this system is based on the discovery that inverse quasistatic simulation can be immediately solved by Newton's method with a direct solver. To implement our simulator, we propose a Jacobian matrix evaluation scheme for the inverse elastic problem and we present step length and matrix evaluation techniques that improve the simulation performance. While our simulator is efficient, it is still not fast enough for the system to generate the result in real time. Our solution is a shape initialization method using the recent projective dynamics technique. Shape initialization not only works as a fast preview function during the user editing process, but also speeds up the convergence of quasistatic or inverse quasistatic simulation afterwards. The use of a heterogeneous algorithm structure allows the system to further reduce its preview cost, by utilizing the power of both the CPU and the GPU. Our experiment demonstrates that the whole system is fast, robust, and convenient for the designer to use in both forward and inverse elastic shape design. It can handle a variety of nonlinear elastic material models, and its runtime performance has space for more improvement.
Nanoarchitectured electrodes for supercapacitance energy storage

Abstract A supercapacitor (SC) is an energy storage device that bridges the gap between conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries. Emerging architectured nanomaterials are promising for electrode designs for supercapacitors (SCs) due to their unique strategies utilizing electrochemical double-layer capacitance (EDLC) or pseudo-capacitance or both to optimize the energy storage capability and electrochemical (EC) stability. This chapter presents recent advances in metal oxide and carbon-based nanomaterials for supercapacitance energy storage. First, a brief introduction of current SC technologies is given. After that, the research development on the nanoarchitectured carbon and carbon–metal oxide composites in recent years is summarized and classified with various carbon nanomaterials (CNMs). Finally, the advanced strategies of energy storage to increase key performance parameters in terms of specific surface area, specific capacitance, and cyclic stability along with the future challenges are discussed.
Power of the Past, Celebrate the Present, Force of the Future Part 2: Our Story-NASN's Second 25 Years.

The July 2018 issue of the NASN School Nurse, featured the first in a series of articles exploring the history, examining the present, and visioning the future of our organization in celebration of...
Isometric Cervical Muscular Strength in Pediatric Athletes With Multiple Concussions.

OBJECTIVE To compare maximal cervical muscle strength among athletes with a history of 2 or more concussions relative to athletes with no history of a previous concussion. DESIGN Athletes in the 2 groups were frequency-matched. Linear mixed models were used to test for differences in peak isometric flexion, extension, left lateral flexion, and right lateral flexion cervical muscle torque between groups. SETTING Pediatric sports medicine clinic. PARTICIPANTS Athletes with a history of multiple concussions (n = 16) and athletes with no previous concussion history (n = 17). INTERVENTIONS (OR ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS OR INDEPENDENT VARIABLES):: Concussion history (group), age, sex, neck girth, and height. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Peak isometric torque measured with a stationary isokinetic dynamometer during a 3-second isometric hold. RESULTS There was no significant difference in peak flexion [mean difference: 21.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): -6.6% to 57.4%, P = 0.1413], extension (mean difference: 17%, 95% CI, -6.8% to 47.1%, P = 0.1667), left lateral (mean difference: 4.4%, 95% CI, -16.9% to 31.1%, P = 0.7011), or right lateral (mean difference: 9.3%, 95% CI, -14.5% to 39.8%, P = 0.4627) isometric torque in the concussion group relative to the control group. Across all muscle actions, neck torque was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in male compared with female athletes. Increasing neck girth was also associated with a significant (P < 0.05) increase in neck torque. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of a consistent cervical muscle strength deficit among athletes with a history of 2 or more concussions relative to athletes with no previous history of a concussion. Age, neck girth, and sex were significantly associated with cervical muscle strength. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Isometric cervical muscle strength testing may not be a reliable test for differentiating athletes with a history of multiple concussions relative to athletes with no history of concussions in the pediatric and adolescent population. Our study presents a reliable methodology for testing cervical muscle strength among young athletes.
The Grainger Paradox: Manufacturing Hybridity, Circulating Exclusivity

While the previous chapters have largely emphasized correspondences between members of an extended transatlantic network, this chapter investigates the ways in which Grainger deviated from the ideas and practices of his colleagues when he later came to understand hybridity as a danger to his self-proclaimed “Nordic race.” A central factor in this transformation was his encounter with the literature of American eugenicists, especially the writings of Madison Grant and Lothrop Stoddard. For this reason, this chapter explores how Grainger appropriated their ideas on individualism, progress, and hybridity in order to evaluate how modes of universalism extending back to Walt Whitman in the nineteenth century contributed to restrictive forms of cultural attachment in the twentieth century. Collectively, this chapter establishes that the forces of nationalism and cosmopolitanism are compatible not simply because of their similar embrace of universality but also because of their analogous limitations and powers of exclusivity.
Postoperative Management of Corneal Abrasions and Clinical Implications: a Comprehensive Review

Total patient care is of extreme importance during the administration of anesthesia. Proper care of the eye is necessary during all anesthetic administrations, especially during the administration of general anesthesia or monitored anesthesia care. By paying attention to details, the likelihood of an occurrence of eye injuries is reduced. Though perioperative eye injuries are rare during general anesthesia, they do account for 2–3% of claims against anesthesiologists. Ocular injuries may occur during general anesthesia even when tape has been utilized for eye closure. Corneal abrasions are the most common injuries that have been attributed to direct trauma to the eye, exposure keratopathy, or chemical injury. Using a hydrogel patch during general anesthesia is also associated with more frequent corneal injury than previously thought. Prevention of anesthesia-related eye injuries assumes a high priority since the eye is one of the major sense organs of the body. The eye can be damaged during anesthesia for both non-ophthalmic and ophthalmic surgeries.
Cycloparaphenylene Lemniscates and Trefoils.

A number of variants of the recently synthesized cycloparaphenylene lemniscates G have been explored at ωB97X-D/6-311G(d). Lemniscates with four to eight phenyl rings in each loop having the N–N, C...
“My life has changed forever!”: Narrative identities in parodies of Amazon reviews

New parodic genres have emerged across diverse forms of digital media. Sometimes these parodies take the form of mock “narratives of personal experience,” with authors drawing on a range of discursive resources to perform particular identities and in doing so, to create texts written from imagined perspectives. In this article, I focus on parodies of user-generated product reviews on Amazon . For over a decade, Amazon users have contributed thousands of parodies of reviews written about real products. This analysis focuses on a sample from a data set of 100 parodic Amazon reviews written about five different products (which have become the targets of a large number of parody reviews), and demonstrates how authors perform self-disclosure to construct fictional personae. I demonstrate how these discursively-constructed narrative identities are central to the ensuing and improbable narrative events represented in the parodic texts.
An Analytical Approach to Estimate the Cogging Torque in Segmented stator Synchronous Permanent Magnet Machines with large angular gaps

This paper presents a new analytical model to determine the cogging torque of stator-segmented permanent magnet machines (with angular air gaps, i.e. flux barriers, located in the stator). Basically, if the saturation is not considered, the cogging torque can be seen as the sum of two independent contributions: the first contribution results from the cogging torque related to an equivalent slotless machine with a single gap, the second resulting from an equivalent non-segmented slotted machine. For the specifications of a marine current turbine generator, this analytical approach is evaluated and compared with a numerical 2D Finite Element Analysis (Flux™ 2D by Altair).
Reduced risk of post ERCP pancreatitis in statin users

One of the most feared complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), with an incidence of 3.5 to 15%, is post ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Given the role of statins in the reduction of systemic and pancreatic intraluminal inflammation, we hypothesized that the use of statins may lower the risk of PEP. A retrospective cohort study of all patients undergoing ERCP at West Virginia University during the years 2016 and 2017 was performed. Possible association of collected variables with PEP was assessed with Univariate tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses. A total of 1162 ERCPs were included. Mean age was 60.12 years (SD: 17.5). 51.3% of the participants were female. Two hundred and sixty-three participants underwent more than one ERCP during the study period. Seven hundred and ninety-nine ERCPs (78.8%) were conducted in participants who were not taking a statin medication at the time of ERCP, while 363 participants were on statin medications at the time of ERCP; 118 and 245 participants were taking high dose statins (atorvastatin 40–80 mg or rosuvastatin 20 mg), and low/medium dose statins (all other statin regimens) at the time of the procedure, respectively. The overall incidence of PEP in the cohort was 7.3%. In the non-statin and statin groups, 9.5 and 3.4% of participants developed PEP, respectively. On univariate analysis, young age, no statin use, history of PEP, and endoscopic sphincterotomy were found to be significantly associated with the development of PEP. In a binary logistic regression model, young age (P = 0.033), history of PEP (P = 0.0001, OR 2.41, 95% CI: 1.05–5.51) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (P = 0.038, OR 2.85, 95% CI: 1.7–4.78) were found to be associated with increased risk of PEP. Statin usage was found to be protective against PEP, (OR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18–0.69). Chronic statin usage is protective against post ERCP pancreatitis, and our findings suggest a potential role of these drugs as prophylactic agents. Randomized controlled trials are needed to establish any potential clinical application.
Control of asymmetric track geometry in printed parts of stainless steels, nickel, titanium and aluminum alloys

Abstract In powder bed fusion, distorted temperature fields and deposit dimensions, undesirable surface features, and defects have been attributed to asymmetry in track geometry. It is also thought to affect sensing and control. While data on the asymmetry have been widely reported in the literature for many commonly used alloys, the origin of the asymmetry and the role of alloy composition and process variables are not known. Here we examine the role of local differences in heat transfer from the fusion zone as the origin of asymmetry in the track geometry. We use a mechanistic model of heat transfer and experimental data to examine the role of main process variables and alloy composition on the extent of asymmetry and provide easy-to-use process maps. We show that high laser power and slow scanning speed decreases asymmetry. Marangoni, Fourier and Peclet numbers can be used for controlling asymmetry. Among the four alloys examined, stainless steel 316 and AlSi10Mg are the most and least susceptible to asymmetry because of their lowest and highest thermal diffusivity, respectively.
13 CH 3 F tunable Raman FIR laser

It has previously been demonstrated that broad far-infrared tunability can be achieved by pumping 12CH 3 F with a continuously-tunable high-power CO 2 pump laser [1]. In those experiments, a ten-atmosphere CO 2 pump laser provided 50 nsec output pulses which could be tuned continuously over a 450 GHz range from the CO 2 9R10 line to the 9R32 line, inclusively. This frequency range spans the R14 to R26 lines in the V 3 band of 12CH 3 F, and with pump pulse energies ranging from 100 to 150 m J, a FIR laser output was obtained over some 85% of the wavelength interval between 220 and 400 μm. At the optimum 12CH 3 F pressure of 25–30 torr, the FIR output pulse energies were of the order of 0.1 mJ. The pump power density threshhold and the tuning curve (FIR output wavelength vs CO 2 pump wavelength) were in good agreement with a theoretical model of laser emission via stimulated Raman scattering in CH 3 F developed by Biron et al [2].
Radical technological breakthroughs in drugs and drug markets: The cases of cannabis and fentanyl

Abstract Background Cannabis legalization and the arrival of nonmedical fentanyl are fundamentally altering North American drug markets. An essential part of that change is the ability to produce large quantities of these drugs at low costs, which is like a technological breakthrough in their production technology. This essay explores possible future consequences of these trends. Methods Descriptive statistics, historical analogy and economic reasoning. Results In North America, wholesale prices for cannabis and opioids – in the form of illegally manufactured fentanyl and other new synthetic opioids – are radically lower than they were a decade ago. Retail prices for cannabis have fallen commensurately, but not yet for opioids. Historical analogies suggest that very large declines in price can have effects on use that go beyond just an expansion of traditional patterns of consumption. Conclusion For cannabis and opioids in North America, conditions are ripe for significant changes in not only quantities consumed, and associated harms, but also in the roles these drugs and their control play in society. The overall situation with these drugs may look more different in 2040 compared to today, than today looks different from 2000. There are no obvious reasons why these trends will not spread to other continents.
Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever virus causes lethal disease in IFNAR-/- mice

Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV), a tick-borne flavivirus closely related to Kyasanur Forest disease virus, is the causative agent of a severe, sometimes fatal haemorrhagic/encephalitic dis...
Metabolism of Sphingolipids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

How cells metabolize lipids has given rise to one of the most rapidly growing fields in metabolomics, lipidomics. Because lipid species are so diverse, there exists no shortage of questions to investigate. One lipid class of particular interest are the sphingolipids and their metabolites, which act principally as structural components of the cell membrane but also as signaling molecules--they can even complex with sterols to form discrete lipid domains called rafts, involved in protein transport and signaling. Since they are so biologically active, sphingolipids consequently have defined roles in a host of human pathologies, ranging from cancers and diabetes mellitus to neurodegenerative diseases. This paper will afford a glance at how a model eukaryotic organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, metabolizes these fascinating and variegated lipids.
Communicator Style Differences in Formal vs. Informal Therapeutic Relationships

This paper presents the results of the second in a series of empirical investigations on communicator style in therapeutic relationships. This study focuses upon perceived therapist communicator st...
Abstract W P225: The Relationship between Leukocytosis and Time to Neurodeterioration

Background: Previous research has illustrated how leukocytosis after acute ischemic stoke (AIS) is related to poor functional outcome. A main predictor of poor functional outcome is neurodeterioration (ND). We sought to explore the relationship between leukocytosis and time to ND to identify a risk factor for a process that predicts poor functional outcome. Methods: Patients admitted to our stroke center (07/08-06/12) were retrospectively assessed. Leukocytosis was defined as WBC >11,000, ND was characterized as ≥ 2 point increase in NIHSS scale and poor functional outcome was classified as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 3-6. Patients were grouped into 2 categories: (1) the leukocytosis group- those who developed leukocytosis ≥24 hours after admission and those who presented with leukocytosis and remained at 24 hours and, (2) the non-leukocytosis group- those that did not have leukocytosis and those where the leukocytosis resolved within 24 hours of admission. Results: A cohort of AIS patients (N=476) with median age 64 years, 43% female and 69% Black were assessed. Of the patients with ND (27%), median time to ND was 43 hours. In the leukocytosis group (N=84), 42 (50.6%) of them developed ND. In the non-leukocytosis group (N=312), 75 (24.5%) developed ND. Leukocytosis within 24 hours of admission is predictive of earlier time to ND (p Conclusion: Having leukocytosis persist from admission to 24 hours or developing leukocytosis within 24 hours of admission is a significant predictor of early ND, which often results in poor functional outcome. Identifying such a predictor can enable physicians to identify those at risk for ND and subsequent poor functional outcomes. Future studies are needed to identify if interventions targeting leukocytosis may improve outcome after stroke.
Can Informatics Transform Public Health Practice, Research and Learning in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)?

Improvement in public health was the main reason behind the major achievements in health and wellbeing of people in the past 20th century. Challenges facing public health in the 21st century can be tackled cost-effectively by improving further public health practice, research and learning. For such improvement to take place in this information age, information and communication technologies have to be an integral part of public health practice and education. In developed countries, public health informatics has become a recognized discipline that enhanced and even transformed public health functions. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), with the largest economy in the Middle East has witnessed unprecedented development and growth in healthcare, higher education, and information technology over the last few years. However, the current multiple providers and sectors of public health services and education need to be connected to enhance their outcomes. This paper describes briefly current status of public health services and education and proposes a public health informatics as a national-wide integrated and systematic information technology approach to optimize and transform public health practice, research and learning in KSA. The aim is to draw attention to this important subject so leaders, decision makers and academic organizations participate scientifically in setting the stage for this promising project.
National Income Accounts

This foundation chapter begins with definitions of key macrovariables and policy instruments essential to macroeconomic policy analysis.
Dynamic Measurements with a Luminescent Photoelastic Coating

The luminescent photoelastic coating (LPC) technique optically measures full-field, in-plane strain and principal strain directions on specimens of interest. Typically, a circularly-polarized, continuous, blue-light source is used to excite the coating. The resulting emission polarization, and hence emission intensity when viewed through an analyzer optic, is a function of the absorption, luminescence, and surface strain. This paper focuses on the dynamic application of the technique, specifically cyclic-load cases as the image intensity is too low for the camera to accurately capture transient-load cases. The dynamic tests involved square-tube specimens loaded at 1 and 10 Hz. Instead of continuous excitation, strobed excitation was phase-synchronized with the frequency of the specimen. The experimental set-up and results are discussed.