cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High Speed Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Two-Dimensional Correlator

A CCD-based two-dimensional correlator system is described which correlates a 256 x 256 image with a 32 x 32 reference in less than 1 second. The high computation rate (more than 100 million operations per second) is achieved using two high speed CCDs: a 32-stage programmable transversal filter (PTF) which correlates an analog signal with a set of 32 6-bit tap weights at a 5 MHz rate, and an accumulating memory which sums successive correlation records from the PTF. This system uses a technique which performs a series of one-dimensional correlations in the PTF and sums them in the accumulator to form the two-dimensional correlation. This approach is capable of considerable flexibility and can be extended to correlations of much larger image and reference sizes even with a transversal filter of limited length, and also to correlations of data of more than two dimensions.
Design And Investigation Of A Modular Focused Collimator Based Multiple Detector Ring System For SPECT Imaging Of The Brain

The ability of focused collimators to achieve both high sensitivity and high resolution at depth makes them highly desirable for SPECT imaging. Tomographic systems with stationary detector rings are known to have the advantages of simplicity, stability and tolerance to variations in detector response. We have combined these two desirable features in the design of a multidetector ring SPECT system with a unique modular focused collimator for brain imaging. In a manner similar to that employed by 4th generation CT scanners, each detector unit acquires a set of fan beam projection data while the collimator assembly makes a complete rotation. Our investigation shows that the new tomograph can be expected to achieve a spatial resolution of 8 mm and a system sensitivity of 2,500 cps/pCi/cc for a 13 mm thick image slice. The high performance characteristics of the new SPECT system should make it a useful tool in functional imaging of the brain, especially in perfusion studies using the current 1-123 or Tc-99m labeled agents.
INNOVATIVE MODULAR VALVE TRAINS FOR 2015 LOGISTIC BENEFITS BY EMVT

Abstract In this paper the way to a 5-day-car with respect to a modular valve train systems for spark ignited combustion engines is shown. The necessary product diversity is shift from mechanical or physical components to software components. Therefore, significant improvements of logistic indicators are expected and shown. The working principle of a camless cylinder head with respect to an electromagnetical valve train (EMVT) is explained and it is demonstrated that shifting physical diversity to software is feasible. The future design of combustion engine systems including customisation can be supported by a set of assistance tools which is shown exemplary.
Cat-D fueled reversed-field pinch reactor assessment

Abstract A quantitative comparison of the technology requirements, environmental and cost issues of DD. Compact Reversed-Field Pinch Reactor (CRFPR) relative to a DT/CRFPR has been performed. The first wall/blanket energy recovery cycle for the DD reactor is simpler and more efficient than the DT reactor. In other technology areas (such as magnets and vacuum systems) DD requirements are not significantly different than the DT reactor. Tritium technology for processing the plasma exhaust is required to DD reactors, but no tritium containment around the blanket or heat transport system is needed. Safety analysis shows similar consequences for the release of activated corrosion products or activated first wall/blanket structure. Consequences of all postulated DD accidents for tritium releases are significantly smaller than those from the DT reactor. Cost studies have been performed for a series of DD reactors and compared with the DT reactor.
Category clustering as a function of level of information and number of stimulus presentations

An experiment was carried out to determine if the categorical relations in a group of words low in interitem associative strength will result in clustering. The main analysis used a 2 × 8 factorial design with 2 levels of information about the categorical relations of the words (either complete or none) and 8 numbers of stimulus presentations. The S s were 160 college students. The conclusions were that the informed group clustered significantly more than the non-informed group.
The Halifax County complex: Oceanic lithosphere in the eastern North Carolina Piedmont

The Halifax County complex, in the Eastern Slate Belt of North Carolina, consists of the low-grade metamorphic equivalents of the following lithologic groups: (1) an ultramafic group composed of peridotite, pyroxenite, and dunite, locally preserving cumulate textures; (2) gabbroids consisting of leucogabbro, anorthosite, and gabbro; (3) local quartz diorite and plagiogranite; and (4) a relatively large volume of porphyritic and massive basaltic rocks. Within the complex, the lithologies conform approximately, from west to east, to the sequence: peridotite and dunite-pyroxenite-anorthosite and leucogabbro-gabbro–diorite-basaltic rocks. On its west side, the complex is separated from metavolcanic rocks and metagraywackes of the Eastern Slate Belt by the late Paleozoic Hollister mylonite zone; to the east, the complex disappears beneath sediments of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Relict primary silicate and oxide minerals include olivine of Fo 79 , clinopyroxene with compositional range of Wo 44–49 En 44–49 Fs 5–9 in the ultramafic rocks and Wo 34–49 En 42–48 Fs 8–21 in the gabbroids, plagioclase of as much as An 93 in the leucogabbros, Cr-rich magnetite, and ilmenite. Major- and trace-element analyses of samples from each of the rock groups show an Fe-enrichment trend extending through the mafic sequence of gabbroids and basaltic rocks. The chemical characteristics of the basaltic rocks compare favorably with those of tholeiitic ocean-floor basalts and still more favorably with island-arc tholeiites. Field relationships, plus lithologic, geochemical, and mineralogical evidence, suggest that the complex originated as (early Paleozoic?) oceanic material. Either it represents the lower portions of a lithospheric section produced at a mid-ocean ridge or in a marginal basin, or, perhaps more likely, it was formed in the early stages of the development of an intraoceanic volcanic arc. We believe the Halifax complex is representative of the underpinnings of the Eastern Slate Belt volcanic arc.
Reductive cleavage of NO bonds in hydroxylamine and hydroxamic acid derivatives using SmI2/THF

Abstract The title reaction affords a general method for the reductive cleavage of NO bonds, and is successful in some cases where established methods fail.
A DNA Transformation–Competent Arabidopsis Genomic Library in Agrobacterium

We have constructed a nuclear genomic library from the cruciferous plant Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia in a cosmid vector, pLZO3, and a host organism, Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL1, which can directly DNA-transform the parent organism, Arabidopsis. The broad host range cosmid pLZO3 carries a gentamicin acetyltransferase gene as bacterial selective marker and tandem, chimeric neomycin and streptomycin phosphotransferase genes as plant selective markers. Agrobacterium AGL1 carries the hypervirulent, attenuated tumor-inducing plasmid pTiBo542 from which T-region DNA sequences have been precisely deleted, allowing optimal DNA transformation of many dicotyledonous plants. Agrobacterium AGL1 also carries an insertion mutation in its recA general recombination gene, which stabilizes the recombinant plasmids. The Arabidopsis genomic library consists of some 21,600 clones gridded onto 96-well microtiter dishes and, if random, carries at least three genomic equivalents. When probed for the presence of several Arabidopsis low copy-number genes, the genomic library seems representative. As with the unicellular organisms Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this DNA transformation competent genomic library should expedite gene isolation, by gene rescue, in multicellular organisms like Arabidopsis.
Propagation parameters of gaussian Schell-model beams

Abstract The propagation of partially coherent light beams generated by gaussian Schell-model sources is found to be conveniently characterized by two parameters that are analogous to the beam radius and the radius of wavefront curvature of fully coherent gaussian laser beams. Gaussian quasi-homogeneous beams are examined as a limiting case.
A thermobaric instability of Lagrangian vertical coordinate ocean models

Abstract Lagrangian- (and isopycnic-) vertical coordinate ocean models are subject to an exponentially growing numerical instability in weakly stratified regions when thermobaricity is not accurately compensated. Inaccurate compensation for compressibility in the pressure gradient terms leads to pressure gradient truncation errors (due to the vertical discretization) that can drive the Lagrangian coordinate surfaces to reinforce these errors. It is possible to avoid this instability while using the full non-linear equation of state for seawater by using an optimal alternate discretization of the pressure gradient terms and extracting a slowly spatially varying reference compressibility that approximates the compressibility of the ocean's mean state.
Observation of the Bending Mode of Interfacial Water at Silica Surfaces by Near-Infrared Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of the [Stretch + Bend] Combination Bands.

Vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy of interfacial water at mineral/aqueous interfaces is extended to the near-IR range containing the low cross section stretch + bend combination bands (νcomb = νOH + δHOH) of liquid water at silica surfaces near 5000–5300 cm–1, for the first time. The assignments of SFG spectra are supported by FTIR and Raman spectroscopic measurements of the bulk water νcomb modes. The SFG spectra contain significant contributions from two combinations, [νs + δ] ≈ 5060 cm–1 and [νas + δ] ≈ 5300 cm–1. These measurements provide the first, to our knowledge, reported probe of the bending mode of water at buried interfaces. The data suggest that the interfacial water bending mode is blue-shifted from that of bulk water.
Nonseparable processes and causal explanation

Abstract If physical reality is nonseparable, as quantum mechanics suggests, then it may contain processes of a quite novel kind. Such nonseparable processes could connect spacelike separated events without violating relativity theory or any defensible locality condition. Appeal to nonseparable processes could ground theoretical explanations of such otherwise puzzling phenomena as the two-slit experiment, and EPR-type correlations. We find such phenomena puzzling because they threaten cherished conceptions of how causes operate to produce their effects. But nonseparable processes offer us an alternative deal of natural order, conformity to which makes such phenomena seem quite normal and not at all unexpected. Attempts to answer the further question, as to whether an appeal to a nonseparable process provides a genuine causal explanation, have something to teach us about our concept of causation, but do not threaten to undermine the value of the explanation itself.
Envenomation by the Great Lakes Bush Viper (Atheris nitschei).

Introduction . We present a case of envenomation by a Great Lakes Bush Viper, Atheris nitschei. Atheris species are a group of snakes that are indigenous to the forested areas of Central Africa. Prior reports of envenomation by Great Lakes Bush Vipers were not found in a Medline search. However, reports of other Atheris species envenomations describe coagulopathy and acute renal failure. Case details . A 30-year-old male was bitten by a Great Lakes Bush Viper on his left hand. His left upper extremity was edematous with ecchymoses in the left axilla. There was bleeding from the bite site and from the patient ’ s oral mucosa. Initial laboratory studies demonstrated signifi cant derangement of hematologic parameters including anemia, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, and hypofi brinoginemia. There is no antivenom for this species. The patient was treated with blood products. Mucosal bleeding ceased within 12 h of admission. Discussion . Atheris nitschei is an African snake with no available antivenom. In this case, the patient developed coagulopathy with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and low fi brinogen. Renal function remained unaffected. Despite the lack of specifi c antivenom or the use of plasmapheresis, our patient was successfully treated with transfusion of multiple blood products.
HPV-16 viral transcripts in vulvar neoplasia: Preliminary studies☆

Abstract Specific human papillomavirus (HPV) types are strongly associated with intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cancer of the cervix. In contrast, the role of HPVs in the pathogenesis of invasive carcinoma of the vulva is poorly understood. We have employed in situ hybridization for the detection of subgenomic transcripts in four vulvar specimens to elucidate the role of HPV type 16 in the development and progression of vulvar cancer. These analyses revealed that the transcripts of the E6–E7 region were more abundant than those of the L1–L2 region in vulvar neoplastic tissues. The transcripts from early and late region of HPV-16 continued to increase with the differentiation of the epithelial cells in both the warty and the basaloid types of vulvar precancerous lesions. This pattern persisted in invasive warty carcinoma but not in basaloid invasive carcinoma; the transcripts in basaloid carcinoma were distributed in an even and discrete pattern. In contrast to earlier studies, L1–L2-region transcripts, as well as viral capsid protein, were detected in focal areas of well-differentiated cells of invasive warty carcinoma. These findings suggest that expression of HPV-16 is regulated by the degree of cellular differentiation.
Inhibition of substantia nigra dopamine cell firing by R(−)-N-n-propylnorapomorphine: electrophysiological and autoradiographic studies after regional inactivation of dopamine receptors by microinjection of N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline

Abstract The irreversible receptor inactivator, N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ), was injected into rat striatum or substantia nigra to study potential contributions of dopamine receptors in each area to the inhibition of substantia nigra (A9) dopamine cell firing by i.v. R(−)-N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA), a dopamine agonist. Extracellular, single unit recording studies showed that the numbers of active dopamine cells, basal firing r of striatal D1 and D2 receptors (confirmed by autoradiography). These results indicate that striatal receptors do not control the basal activity of A9 neurons, nor do they mediate inhibitions of firing by R(−)-NPA. Microinjections of EEDQ into substantia nigra, however, inactivated 75–78% of nigral D1 and D2 receptors and reduced the number of active dopamine cells and slightly increased firing rates. Moreover, dose-response curves to R(−)-NPA were shifted 10-fold to the right and the maximum inhibitory response was depressed. Furchgott analysis of the dose-response curves yielded a steep occupancy-response curve with maximum (95%) inhibition of firing at only 24% receptor occupation (i.e., 76% reserve). Thus, the substantial (0t~ 70%) receptor reserve previously shown to exist for inhibition of dopamine cell firing by i.v. R(−)-NPA20,21 appears to be intrinsic to the nigra. To assess contributions of nigral D1 and D2 receptors to this response, selective inactivation of each receptor subtype was achieved (confirmed autoradiographically) by treating rats with SCH 23390 (4 mg/kg) or S(−)eticlopride (2 mg/kg), respectively, 30 min before intranigral EEDQ. Selective D2, but not D1, receptor inactivation produced rightward shifts and depressed the maximum of the R(−)-NPA dose-response curve in a manner like that observed after non-selective inactivation of nigral dopamine receptors. Unexpectedly, pretreatment with SCH 23390 (to protect D1 receptors) also produced a modest rightward shift in the R(−)-NPA dose-response curve, suggesting a slight role for D1 receptors in this response. These results indicate that inhibition of A9 dopamine cell firing by i.v. R(−)-NPA is mediated by dopamine receptors located in substantia nigra, but not striatum and confirm the predominant role of nigral D2 receptors.
Quantitative analysis of multiple sclerosis: a feasibility study

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system with a presumed immune-mediated etiology. For treatment of MS, the measurements of white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) are often used in conjunction with clinical evaluation to provide a more objective measure of MS burden. In this paper, we apply a new unifying automatic mixture-based algorithm for segmentation of brain tissues to quantitatively analyze MS. The method takes into account the following effects that commonly appear in MR imaging: 1) The MR data is modeled as a stochastic process with an inherent inhomogeneity effect of smoothly varying intensity; 2) A new partial volume (PV) model is built in establishing the maximum a posterior (MAP) segmentation scheme; 3) Noise artifacts are minimized by a priori Markov random field (MRF) penalty indicating neighborhood correlation from tissue mixture. The volumes of brain tissues (WM, GM) and CSF are extracted from the mixture-based segmentation. Experimental results of feasibility studies on quantitative analysis of MS are presented.
Interaction between an electron wave and an ion wave due to scattering by electrons

Some basic properties of the coupling between an electron wave and an ion wave due to scattering by thermal electrons are discussed by comparing them with those of the coupling due to three-wave interactions. Using the kinetic wave equation which describes the relevant wave-particle interaction, the following three special problems are discussed in detail: 1. Effect of an enhancement of short wavelength ion-wave fluctuations on the long wavelength electron waves, 2. Effect of an enhancement of long wavelength electron waves on the short wavelength ion waves, and 3. Effect of the beam excited short wavelength electron waves on the long wavelength ion waves.
Attitudes of Students at a Private Christian Liberal Arts University Toward the Teaching of Evolution

Students at private Christian colleges tend to have a viewpoint that incorporates faith and belief in God. Whether due to misconceptions about evolution, lack of knowledge of the nature of science, or belief that their faith cannot allow them to accept evolution, there tends to be a great deal of confusion about evolution. This study investigates the attitudes toward evolution of students at a small Christian liberal arts university located in east Texas (East Texas Baptist University, ETBU) and how they would feel most comfortable being approached about evolution in the college science classroom. The majority of students at ETBU are from either Texas or Louisiana. In high school, both states require at least one science course to be taken and evolution to be taught at some level of understanding. Students show a fair understanding that science includes only naturalistic explanations . However, a greater number of science courses and maturity level of the student resulted in significant differences (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.002, respectively) in the understanding of science. Nevertheless, there was a general assertion that God should be included in the definition of science by the majority of students (64.4%), indicating a misunderstanding of the nature of science. Students responded that they would be most comfortable with being approached in the classroom about evolution through the presentation of the science supporting evolution (19.6%), and being shown how creationism and intelligent design are not science (29.8%). A number of students responded that the professor should accept creationism and intelligent design as science and teach them as such (38.2%). This paper will present methods to address students that respond to evolution in this manner.
Optical probe for porosity defect detection on inner diameter surfaces of machined bores

We demonstrate an optical probe for detection of porosity inside spool bores of a transmission valve body with diameters down to 5 mm. The probe consists of a graded-index relay rod that focuses a laser beam spot onto the inner surface of the bore. Detectors, placed in the specular and grazing directions with respect to the incident beam, measure the change in scattered intensity when a surface defect is encountered. Based on the scattering signatures in the two directions, the system can also validate the depth of the defect and distinguish porosity from bump-type defects coming out of the metal surface. The system can detect porosity down to a 50-µm lateral dimension and ~40 µm in depth with >3-dB contrast over the background intensity fluctuations. Porosity detection systems currently use manual inspection techniques on the plant floor, and the demonstrated probe provides a noncontact technique that can help automotive manufacturers meet high-quality standards during production.
Students' Learning Styles and Their Preferences for Online Instructional Methods:

In an attempt to serve online students' needs, several questions were asked: Is there a dominant learning style of students in online courses? Is there a preferred method of online instruction? Is there a relationship between learning styles and the preferred method of online instruction? A two-part survey was administered to all graduate students enrolled in SetonWorldWide. Part A consisted of the Gregorc Learning Styles Delineator (GSD) and Part B consisted of demographic questions and a Likert scale focusing on the rating of online instructional methods. Subjects (N = 96) displayed varied learning styles with dual learning styles (56.2%) representing the largest group. Subjects demonstrated strong preferences for asynchronous log-ons (99%), a high degree of interaction within the course, and noted a high degree of satisfaction with their online programs (95%). Convenience was the most frequent reason reported (92%) for selecting a Web course. The strongest preferences were noted for instructional activ...
Doubly Differential Final-State Momentum Distributions of the Ionization Products in Collision of Bare Ions with Hydrogen.

In this paper recoil-ion production cross sections are presented differential in recoil-ion longitudinal momentum and electron emission angle in ionization of atomic and molecular hydrogen by bare ion projectiles. A new formulation for constructing these double differential distributions from the measured electron double differential cross sections is used. A novel feature is the separation of two different branches of the recoil-ion longitudinal momentum distribution corresponding to soft and hard collision mechanisms of ionization. The single differential distributions have also been derived. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Hyperthyroidism Following Hypothyroidism: Data on Six Cases

• Hypothyroidism complicated by spontaneous hyperthyroidism is an interesting but rare occurrence in the spectrum of autoimmune thyroid disorders. We report data on six patients who had hyperthyroidism two to 20 years (mean, eight years) after the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. In three patients, triiodothyronine toxicosis accounted for the hyperthyroid symptoms. The presence of thyroid antibodies and lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid gland points to an autoimmune mechanism. It is believed that this phenomenon occurs more often than is recognized. ( Arch Intern Med 1988;148:976-978)
On models of racial prejudice and urban residential structure

Abstract Economists have studied the effects of racial prejudice on urban residential structure using a set of models that focus on conditions at the border between the black and white areas. This paper is a review of the theoretical literature on these border models and an investigation of their generality. The main result derived in the paper is that border models are logically inconsistent without unrealistic assumptions either about the incomes of blacks relative to the incomes of whites or about the extent of white prejudice. The paper concludes with several suggestions for more satisfactory modeling of prejudice and urban structure.
The PCF1–1 mutation increases the activity of the transcription factor (TF) IIIB fraction from Saccharomyces cerevisae

PCF1-1 is a dominant suppressor of a tRNA gene A block promoter mutation (A19) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transcriptional activation by PCF1-1 was examined in vitro using whole-cell extracts and purified factors derived from mutant and wild-type strains. These experiments show that PCF1 is a general activator of RNA polymerase III (pol III) gene transcription. The transcription of all pol III genes analyzed to date, including type I and numerous type II genes, is increased 3-7 fold in mutant cell extracts. Single round transcription assays indicate that the PCF1-1 mutation increases the number of functional preinitiation complexes and suggest that this is achieved by increasing the intrinsic activity of the encoded product rather than its amount. Point mutations throughout the A block of the sup3-e gene and numerous B block mutations fail to abolish transcriptional activation suggesting that interactions between TFIIIC and the internal promoter are unaffected by PCF1-1. Moreover, TFIIIC purified from the mutant strain is incapable of conferring PCF1-1 transcriptional activity to a reaction in which the remaining components are wild-type. In contrast, the activity of the TFIIIB fraction is increased in PCF1-1 extracts and can reconstitute mutant levels of transcription when added to wild-type TFIIIC and polymerase. We conclude that PCF1 is a component or regulator of TFIIIB.
Nestling provisioning by male and female Yellow-breasted Chats: no relationships between morphology and parental care

Abstract In birds, males and females may benefit by choosing mates based on morphological characteristics correlated with their ability to provide parental care. Our objective was to examine possible relationships between morphological characteristics and the provisioning behavior of male and female Yellow-breasted Chats (Icteria virens). No differences were found in the provisioning behavior of male and female Yellow-breasted Chats. Adult chats provisioned nestlings at higher rates and delivered more biomass at first nests than during later nesting attempts. This indicates that, later in the breeding season, nestling chats may require less energy, perhaps because warmer temperatures lower thermoregulatory costs. No correlations, either positive or negative, between chat morphological characteristics (mass, eye stripe length, tail length, wing chord, tarsus length, and plumage color) and provisioning behavior were noted. Thus, these results do not provide support for either the honest advertisement hypoth...
Screw Theory and its Applications to Joint Motion Analysis

Skeletal joint kinematics has become an important part of biomechanical analysis. Many systems have been developed to measure the movements of a wide variety of joints[6]. The analytical procedures developed for these systems can be classified into three categories: 1) those which decompose the motion into coordinates which can be interpreted by physicians. 2) those which produce simplified joint models which reproduce the motions of the skeletal joint. 3) those which attempt to relate the motion back to the bone and ligament constraints.
RTES demo system2004

The RTES Demo System 2004 is a prototype for reliable, fault-adaptive infrastructure applicable to commodity-based dedicated application computer farms, such as the Level 2/3 trigger for the proposed BTeV high energy physics project. This paper describes the prototype, and its demonstration at the 11th IEEE Real Time and Embedded Technology Applications Symposium, RTAS 2005.
Building archives in the virtual observatory era

Broad support for Virtual Observatory (VO) standards by astronomical archives is critical for the success of the VO as a research platform. Indeed, a number of effective data discovery, visualization, and integration tools have been created which rely on this broad support. Thus, to an archive, the motivation for supporting VO standards is strong. However, we are now seeing a growing trend among archive developers towards leveraging VO standards and technologies not just to provide interoperability with the VO, but also to support an archive's internal needs and the needs of the archive's primary user base. We examine the motivation for choosing VO technologies for implementing an archive's functionality and list several current examples, including from the Hubble Legacy Archive, NASA HEASARC, NOAO, and NRAO. We will also speculate on the effect that VO will have on some of the ambitious observatory projects planned for the near future.
Oxygen ion conductivity in a new class of layered bismuth oxides

Abstract Bi 2 Sr 2 Nb 2 GaO 11.5 and Bi 2 Sr 2 Nb 2 AlO 11.5 , two new oxygen deficient Aurivillius-like phases, were synthesized and their ionic conductivities were measured using ac impedance spectroscopy. Both oxygen ion conductors display discontinuities in the Arrhenius plot of their ionic conductivity. A phase transition, confirmed by differential thermal analysis, is consistent with an oxygen vacancy order-disorder transition. At 900°C the conductivities are 3.1×10 −2 S cm and 2.3×10 −2 S cm for Bi 2 S r 2 Nb 2 GaO 11.5 and Bi 2 Sr 2 Nb 2 AlO 11.5 , respectively.
Book Widget: embedding automated photo-document publication on the web and in mobile devices

We describe a cloud-based automated-publishing platform that allows third party developers to embed our software components into their applications, enabling their users to rapidly create documents for interactive viewing, or fulfillment via mail or retail printing. We also describe how applications built on this platform can integrate with a variety of different consumer digital ecosystems, and how we will address the quality and scaling challenges.
Silicon on insulators: Different approaches - A review

Abstract Different methods used to obtain silicon-over-insulator (SOI) films are compared, based on the information available in the literature. All techniques are briefly outlined and their assets and liabilities are compared with special emphasis on application in different present and future processing technologies. The CVD approach is discussed more than the others since it has been a focal point of work on SOI by the author. It seems that at the present stage of development the “leader” cannot be clearly identified, and different technologies could favor different SOI appoaches.
PROFILES OF THE H AND K LINES OF CaII IN DISK FLARES.

The profiles of the resonance lines of Caii have been studied in two large disk flares and in the surrounding plage. In the brightest portions of the flares no self-reversal in the central emission core was detected; self-reversed cores were present in the less bright portions of the flares. We find that as the intensity of the emission core increases the separation of the H2 and K2 peaks decreases monotonically, becoming unobservable at intensities near to 0.90 the local continuum. Possible reasons for the behavior of the H and K lines in flares are considered. It is suggested that the largest density enhancements in flares are found near the strongest magnetic field.
Differential behavior of gizzard isoactins.

Abstract Turkey gizzard smooth muscle myofibrils, the actin of which is composed of 75% smooth muscle γ-isoactin and 25% nonmuscle β-isoactin, were separated into an actomyosin and a cytoskeletal fraction. Isoelectric focusing analysis of the actomyosin actin showed it was 80% γ-isoactin and 20% β-isoactin. It thus appears that the major actin in the tissue is also the major form involved in force generation. When the cytoskeletal material was extracted with low-ionic-strength solution for 18 h at 4 °C, the actin released was 95% γ and 5% β compared with the 75:25 ratio found in the original cytoskeletal material. The extracted material revealed the presence of F-actin filaments and high-molecular-weight aggregates. Little of the material was in a low-molecular-weight form. On the other hand, extraction of the cytoskeletal material with 0.6 m KI resulted in the two isoactins being extracted in the same proportions in which they were found in the original cytoskeletal material. However, when this KI-extracted material was subsequently chromatographed on Bio-Gel A-5m equilibrated with 0.6 m KCl, the γ-isoactin migrated predominantly as a very high molecular weight form while the β-isomer moved in the lower-molecular-weight range of the elution profile. This aggregation behavior displayed by the γ-isoactin was not observed with the γ-isoactin in the actomyosin fraction. These results show that the two gizzard isoactins in the cytoskeletal residue behave very differently in response to various extraction media, and are consistent with possible differential isoactin utilization in gizzard smooth muscle.
In the parish

In the past fifteen years there has been change in the field of pastoral theology. Titles of anniversary books and annual conferences do have a new look. This progress gives hope that pastoral theology in the parish of the next two decades will have grown as much beyond today as today has grown beyond the early fifties. Redefinition of model, clarification of vocation for the whole parish, and a new clericalism are possible. When they come alive, pastoral theology will have kept faith with those who minister; more important, it will have contributed to the relevancy of Christianity for a changed world; most important, it will have kept faith with faith experienced.
Solid-state electrochemical study of the standard Gibbs energy of formation of β-gallium sesquioxide using a calcia-stabilized zirconia electrolyte

Abstract The standard Gibbs energy of formation of β-Ga2O3(c) was determined with a high-temperature solid-state electrochemical cell utilizing calcia-stabilized zirconia as the solid electrolyte and a (CO + CO2) gaseous mixture as the reference electrode. The e.m.f. of the cell: Pt∥C∥Ga(l),Ga 2 O 3 (c)∥Ca 0.15 Zr 0.85 O 1.85 ∥CO, CO 2 ∥Pt was measured over the temperature range from 775 to 1100 K. A linear regression analysis of the results showed that the standard Gibbs energy of formation can be represented by ΔG f o ( Ga 2 O 3 ,c, T)/ kcal th mol −1 = (−265.83 ± 0.16) + (0.08645 ± 0.00016)(T/K) A third-law analysis of the results showed that the standard enthalpy of formation is given by ΔH f o ( Ga 2 O 3 ,c,298.15 K)/kcal th mol −1 = −261.0 ± 0.1 which is in agreement with calorimetric results. The third law results show a temperature dependence of 0.004 kcalth K−1 mol−1 which is most probably caused by an error in the estimated high-temperature heat capacity of gallium rather than by electronic conduction in the solid electrolyte.
For an UNCITRAL Model Restatement of Arbitration Law in the United Kingdom

The Departmental Advisory Committee and the Scottish Advisory Committee deserve praise and appreciation for their highly useful work. Their Consultative Document on the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration should be welcomed and studied by everyone interested in the law governing United Kingdom arbitrations in the years to come.1 A special tribute must go to the chairman of the Departmental Advisory Committee, Lord Justice Mustill, whose intimate knowledge of the Model Law and its genesis are well reflected in the Consultative Document. A good example is the international-minded remarks on what outsiders may regard as a mundane matter, namely the drafting style of the Model Law. Full understanding is shown for the fact that the English language version of the Model Law is not cast in United Kingdom statutory language, and emphasis is placed on the value of the travaux preparatoires for the application and interpretation of the Model Law provisions. The importance of this latter point, in particular for otherwise hesitant common law judges, has been fully realised by Canadian legislatures and the Hong Kong Law Reform Commission, which have included a legislative reference to the preparatory materials as an aid to interpretation. In fact, the United Nations documents recording the process of elaboration and drafting of the Model Law constitute the most relevant and authentic consultative documents for understanding the purpose, scope and meaning of the Model Law provisions. What the Consultative Document of the two Committees adds in value is an examination and assessment of the Model Law from the national perspective with a comparison between the Model Law and the current English and Scottish laws. Such a comparison is highly useful for every interested country in that it reveals the differences and thus the changes that would ensue from adoption of the Model Law. …
Generalized invariant variational problems

under certain continuous groups of transformations of the variables x and y. The results of Emmy Noether were published in 1918 in the form of two theorems [l]. The first of these theorems states that if W is invariant under a p-parameter infinitesimal group of transformations, then p linearly independent combinations of the variational derivatives are divergences. The second theorem requires a different group, the so-called infinite continuous group. It states that if W is invariant under an infinitesimal group of transformations depending linearly upon 7 arbitrary functions and their derivatives up to some order u, then there exists T identities between the variational derivatives and their derivatives up to order U. Physically, these theorems have far-reaching consequences. For example, if L is the Lagrangian of some physical system, then the invariance of W under a group of the type in the first theorem results in conservation laws for the system. E. Bessel-Hagen [2] in 1921 applied the first theorem in this way to obtain conservation laws for the N-body problem and for electrodynamics by using the ten-parameter Galilean group and the fifteen-parameter conformal group, respectively. In 1924, D. Hilbert [3] applied the second theorem to obtain equations in electrodynamics and general relativity by requiring that the action integral be invariant with respect to arbitrary transformations of the spatial variables. Since then, a rather large number
Circumvention of orbital symmetry restraints by 1,3-H-shifts of enolic radical cations.

The reaction coordinates of 1,3-H-shifts across double bonds are traced by theory for three reactions, CH3C(OH)CH 2 +· (1) → CH3C(O+·)CH3 (2), CH2C(OH) 2 +· (3) → CH3CO2H+· (4) and CH3C(OH)CH 2 +· (1) → CH2C(OH)CH 3 +· (1′), to explore how the need to conserve orbital symmetry influences the pathways for these reactions. In the first and second reactions, prior to the start of the H-transfer the methylene rotates from being in the skeletal plane to being bisected by it. Thus these reactions are neither antarafacial nor suprafacial, but precisely between those possibilities. This stems from a counterbalancing between the need to conserve orbital symmetry and the large distorting forces required to attain an allowed antarafacial transition state. In contrast to the first two reactions, 1→1′ follows a suprafacial pathway. However, this pathway does not violate conservation of orbital symmetry, as it utilizes lower lying orbitals of appropriate symmetry rather than the antisymmetric uppermost occupied allyl-type orbital. Changes in geometry which presumably produce asymmetric vibrational excitation and the unequal losses of methyl that follow 1→2, i.e., nonergodic behavior, are also characterized.
Some effects of carbaryl on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.

Carbaryl produced moderate but significant inhibition of the development of the Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice and reduced appreciably the rates of incorporation of isotopically-labeled precursors into ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, and protein in Ehrlich ascites tumor cellsin vitro.
Gastroesophageal reflux in the infant with cystic fibrosis

The association of gastroesophageal reflux and its sequelae in the infant with cystic fibrosis has gone virtually unnoticed. Eight of 40 newly diagnosed infants with cystic fibrosis seen over a 24 month period had significant gastroesophageal reflux, characterized by vomiting (7 infants), recurrent pneumonia (7 infants), and failure to thrive (4 infants). Gastroesophageal reflux was demonstrated by a combination of barium swallow, scintiscan, manometry, and esophagoscopy. Three infants had rapid and permanent alleviation of symptoms after standard medical therapy; in five infants, therapy failed and they required a Nissen fundoplication. Three infants required postoperative ventilatory support for 1, 2, and 5 days. No tracheostomies were required. Postoperative hospital stay averaged 12 days (range 5 to 30 days). There were no complications or perioperative deaths. All children had complete relief of their preoperative symptoms. The group that required surgery presented earlier (mean 7 weeks of age) to the cystic fibrosis center than either the medically treated group (mean 5 months of age) or the group free of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (5 1/2 months of age). Also, postoperative hospitalization time markedly decreased from 50 percent of 577 combined patient days preoperatively to 4 percent of 1,639 days postoperatively; this 4 percent then paralleled what was seen in the group without gastroesophageal reflux (3 percent of 19,966 combined patient days) and the group controlled medically (5 percent of 1,897 days). The pulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis are extremely variable, and evaluation of the effect that any intervention has on the natural history of the disease is difficult. Nonetheless, we believe that even this small series suggests that gastroesophageal reflux and its complications can significantly alter the courses of some children with cystic fibrosis. Gastroesophageal reflux should be managed as aggressively as it is in any child with reflux, and a successful and safe reduction of symptoms can be expected with intensive management.
Resonance energy transfer from a cylindrical distribution of donors to a plane of acceptors. Location of apo-B100 protein on the human low-density lipoprotein particle

The resonance energy transfer (RET) from a cylindrical assembly of donors to acceptors in a plane was investigated, and the dependence the average RET rate (kT) on the cylinder's size, shape, and proximity to the acceptor plane was determined. This geometry provides a model for the RET from a donor-containing protein to acceptors embedded in an associated phospholipid mono- or bilayer. The determination of kT for a series of acceptors at different levels in the phospholipid layer is shown to provide information on the protein's relationship to the phospholipid layer. Two models for the donor (D) and acceptor (A) distributions are employed: (a) The D's and A's are uniformly distributed in the cylinder and the plane, respectively, and analytical expressions for kT in terms of experimental parameters are derived. (b) The RET rates between all D, A pairs within the cylinder and in the plane are calculated and averaged for a large number of random D and A distributions. The average transfer rates obtained by the two approaches are in agreement and the width of the frequency distribution of kT for the latter provides an estimate of the error to be expected when, as is usually the case, the true D and A locations are unknown. This methodology is illustrated by analyzing RET from the 37 tryptophan residues of the apo-B100 protein to a series of pyrenylphosphatidylcholine acceptors inserted in the phospholipid monolayer of the human low-density lipoprotein particle, and it is concluded that significant portions of the protein penetrate the phospholipid layer.
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy of three human lymphomas serially transplantable in the neonatal Syrian hamster.

Three lymphomas, serially transplantable in Syrian hamster neonates, have been derived by intraperitoneal implantation of lymphoblasts from the peripheral blood of two pediatric patients with lymphosarcoma that had undergone progression to acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Two of the neoplasms are serially transplantable in normal, untreated Syrian hamster neonates. The third is transplantable only in neonatal hamsters treated with rabbit antiserum to hamster thymus cells, antilymphocyte serum, (ALS). None is transplantable in adult hamsters. These experimental tumors in the hamster neonate have been examined for their responses to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or both. Agents were administered in a single dose intraperitoneally, 7 days after implantation. Methotrexate more effectively controlled tumor growth than did 6-MP, prednisone, Cytoxan, vincristine, actinomycin D, or D54 · naponate (listed roughly in decreasing order of effectiveness). An antiserum made in rabbits against the human tumor cells was ineffective when administered at 7 days, but highly inhibitory in the first 1–3 days. Immunization of the mother with tumor cells at 23–75 days before littering prevented tumor growth in neonatally challenged offspring. Treatment of the neonate with spleen cells derived from adult normal or specifically sensitized hamster donors was also effective in inhibiting tumor growth. The data suggest that human lymphoma serially transplantable in the newborn hamster may constitute a system practical for the study of potentially useful chemotherapeutic or immunotherapeutic agents. Such a system might be especially applicable in the study of chemical agents which are active against human cells in vitro but inactive in standard mouse tumor assays in vivo.
Surgically Treated Breast Disease in Adolescent Females: A Retrospective Review of 185 Cases

Abstract Most breast disease in adolescents, including that resulting in surgery, is benign; however, malignant conditions do occur. The distribution of diagnoses in adolescent females undergoing breast surgery was determined. Records and histologic material were reviewed from 185 females under 18 years of age. The patients range in age from 11 to 17 years, median 16 years. One hundred patients (54%) had surgery for fibroadenoma. Twenty-four patients (13%) had reduction mammoplasty. Although juvenile or “virginal” hypertrophy is a subjective diagnosis, more than 500 g of breast tissue was excised in 10 patients. The spectra of “fibrocystic” and proliferative breast disease was identified in 44 patients (24%). Four patients (2.6% of those with breast mass) had malignant neoplasms: a 15-year-old with primary rhabdomyosarcoma, a 17-year-old with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma, a 13-year-old with metastatic neuroblastoma, and a 12-year-old with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The remaining diagnoses were 4 polythelia, 2 accessory breast tissue, 2 mastitis, 2 intramammary lymph node, 2 hemangioma, and 1 fat necrosis. Although fibroadenoma is the most common breast mass (65% of masses) in adolescents undergoing breast surgery, a variety of other conditions may necessitate surgery for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. In this study, 2.6% of patients with breast mass had a malignant neoplasm. Therefore, malignancy must be considered in the diagnosis and the consideration for surgery in adolescent females presenting with breast mass.
THE HYDROGEOLOGY OF AN UNDERGROUND LEAD-ZINC MINE : WATER FLOW AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS

Acid mine drainage is a major environmental and economic problem. The abandonment of acid-producing mines is of particular concern. The University of Idaho is conducting a detailed investigation of the Bunker Hill Mine, in north Idaho, to determine the mechanisms controlling mine recharge and acid production and their impact on abandonment alternatives.