cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical Performance of the Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator

Le cardioverter-defibrillateur automatique implantable a ete implante chez 276 patients porteurs de tachycardies malignes tenaces avec une survie jusqu’e 50 mois (moyenne = 9.75 mois). Les results de cet appareil sont encourageants. Les risques et les complications associees sont acceptables et ressemblent e ceux des pacemakers. L'acceleration des tachycardies ventriculaires ou l'induction de fibrillation ventriculaire sont traitees par le recyclage de l'appareil. Le defibrillateur a reduit la mortalite de ces patients e 2% durant la premiere annee. The automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator has been implanted in 276 patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias refractory to therapy with a follow-up period up to 50 months (average 9.75 months). The functional performance of the device has so far been most encouraging. The risks and complications associated with its use are acceptable and quite similar to those observed in patients with implanted pacemakers. Acceleration of ventricular tachycardia to a faster rhythm or to ventricular fibrillation is dealt with successfully through recycling. Actuarial analysis indicates that the device has a significant impact on the survival rate of the implantees, reducing the one-year mortality rate attributed to arrhythmias to only 2%.
Thermal stability of photoinduced gratings and paramagnetic centers in Ge- and Ge/P-doped silica optical fibers

The electron-spin-resonance spectra of paramagnetic defects in Ge/P-doped silica fibers prepared with second-harmonic generation (SHG) are compared with those induced in Ge- and Ge/P-doped silica preforms by 5-eV photons. Among the defects observed, the thermal stability of Ge E′-type centers is similar to that of photoinduced Bragg grating efficiency but not of SHG efficiency. The isochronal anneal curves of the Ge(1) and Ge(2) centers in Ge/P-doped silica correlate well with SHG efficiency, but the agreement is not nearly so good in silica containing only Ge. Only the thermal behavior of photoinduced Ge Ed1′ centers is similar to that of SHG efficiency in both materials, albeit only in the initial stages of annealing.
Structural Study And Modeling Of The Influenza Viral Ns1 Protein

The influenza NS1 protein is an intriguing molecule that performs a large number of functions and interacts with different types of molecules including proteins and nucleic acids. The N-terminal domain and the C-terminal domain structures of the molecule have been solved and both domain structures exist in a dimeric arrangement. Based on docking studies and using a loop-modeling algorithm developed in our laboratory, we have developed structural models for the NS1 dimeric complex. These models are compared to each other and to the Bornholdt & Prasad model. The bindings of both the double-stranded nucleic acid molecule and the single-stranded poly(A) mRNA to the NS1 protein are investigated. The relative small interface surface areas for the dimeric complex are consistent with the conservation of the domain structure during the dimerization process. Structurally, considering the NS1 protein as a two-domains signaling molecule is discussed. While there is a lack of sequence homology, there exist similarities between the domain structures of the NS1 protein and other signaling molecules.
A Note on Japan Business History Review and Recent Books

Professor Yamamura offers a critical evaluation of the recently established Journal of Japanese business history and of five important new books on Japanese business, entrepreneurial, and economic history.
Synthesis of an immobilized Bombyx mori pheromone-binding protein liquid chromatography stationary phase.

Abstract The pheromone-binding protein from the silkworm moth, Bombyx mori (BmorPBP) has been covalently bonded to a liquid chromatographic stationary phase. The resulting column was evaluated using radiolabeled bombykol and the immobilized protein retained its ability to bind this ligand. The data also demonstrate that the BmorPBP column was able to distinguish between four compounds, and rank them in their relative order of affinity for the protein from highest to lowest: bombykol > bombykal > 1-hexadecanol > (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadien-1-ol, and that the immobilized BmorPBP retained its pH-dependent conformational mobility. The results of this study demonstrate that pheromone-binding protein from the silkworm moth, Bombyx mori and an odorant binding protein (OBP) obtained from the female mosquito Culex quinquefasciatoes have been immobilized on a silica support with retention of ligand-binding activity. The data indicate that proteins from non-mammalian organisms can be used to create liquid chromatography affinity columns.
Ab initio quantum mechanical studies of the kinetics and mechanisms of quartz dissolution: OH− catalysis

Abstract The generally accepted mechanisms of quartz dissolution in basic pH solutions can be summarized as (a) direct attack by H2O on a negatively charged surface site and (b) catalysis by hydroxide ion (OH−) on a neutral surface site. In order to test these proposals and to understand the full dynamics of the dissolution processes from first principles, we have carried out high level ab initio molecular orbital calculations to study the following reactions: (HO) 3 SiOSi(OH) 2 O − + H 2 O → (HO) 3 SiOH + − OSi(OH) 3 (HO) 3 SiOSi(OH) 3 + OH − → (HO) 3 SiOH + − OSi(OH) 3 Disilicic acid, (HO)3SiOSi(OH)3, and its −1 deprodonated form, (HO)3SiOSi(OH)2O−, have been chosen to simulate the neutral and negatively charged quartz surface site, respectively. Their reactions with OH− and H2O, which lead to the hydrolysis of the SiO bond, have then been thoroughly investigated. Based on our ab initio calculations, we have discovered some interesting consequences: 1. 1) OH− attack on the hydroxyl surface will lead to the deprotonation of the surface by transferring one H to the OH−, resulting in a H-bonded H2O adsorption onto a negatively charged SiO− site. This process is equivalent to H2O attack on the negatively charged SiO− surface. 2. 2) The next step involves the formation of a negatively charged fivefold coordinated Si species; this step has to overcome a large energy barrier (18.91 kcal/mol). The fivefold coordinated Si species has almost the same potential energy as the reaction precursor—the hydrogen-bonded H2O adsorption minimum—but it significantly weakens the SiO bond. 3. 3) The final step is the rupture of the SiOSi bond to form SiOH⋯−OSi, with a much smaller energy barrier (4.49 kcal/mol). Therefore, our ab initio results uncover two adsorption minima in series before the cleavage of the SiO bond and suggest that it is the formation of the adsorption fivefold coordinated Si species, not the actual hydrolysis step, that controls the activation energy and the rate of quartz dissolution in basic pH solutions. The calculated activation energy, 18.91 kcal/mol, is similar to the one (24 kcal/mol) in H3O+ catalyzed hydrolysis of SiOSi bond, while much smaller than that (29 kcal/mol) in pure H2O hydrolysis (see Xiao and Lasaga, 1994a), indicating the role that OH− as well as H3O+ play in catalyzing quartz dissolution. The normal mode analysis of the relevant transition states indicate that, even though H transfer has been involved in the overall reaction, the dominant mode in the rate determining step is the forming and breaking of the SiO bond. This will lead to a small hydrogen kinetic isotope effect, which agrees well with recent experimental results at basic pH.
Electron impact ionization of

The electron impact ionization cross section of is calculated using a distorted-wave approximation. The calculated cross section is compared to the experimental results of Peart and Dolder. The simplicity of the system allows an assessment of the accuracy of the distorted-wave approximation without complications from inaccuracies in the target state, initial continuum state, or final continuum states. The agreement with experiment is poor at low energies but improves substantially at higher energies. A differential cross section at an incident electron energy of 103 eV is presented. The proton energy distribution after the ionization is presented for large incident electron energy.
PH stepwise alkaline elution of DNA replication intermediates during S phase

Abstract We have used a newly developed pH stepwise alkaline elution method to analyze the distribution of DNA replication intermediates during S phase. Using synchronized CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells, replicon-size replication intermediates (≤ 15S) reach a maximum in the first half of S phase. These intermediates are functional in that they are used to generate larger DNA fragments. The larger DNA fragments corresponding in size to replicating sections increase linearly with the progression of cells throughout S phase, corresponding to DNA replication kinetics previously obtained by CsCl density gradient analysis. These data will enable us to enrich for particular DNA replication fragments and identify the protein components associated with these intermediates.
Analytical and computational study of self-induced transparency mode locking in quantum cascade lasers

The possibility of using the self-induced transparency effect to achieve laser mode locking has been discussed since the late 1960s but has never been observed. In prior work, we proposed that quantum cascade lasers are the ideal tool to realize self-induced transparency mode locking due to their rapid gain recovery times and relatively long coherence times, and because it is possible to interleave gain and absorbing periods. Here, we present designs of quantum cascade lasers that satisfy the requirements for self-induced transparency mode locking at both 8 and 12 m, indicating that it is possible to satisfy these requirements over a wide wavelength range. The coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations that define the dynamics in quantum cascade lasers that have both gain and absorbing periods have been solved both analytically and computationally. Analytical modelocked solutions have previously been found under the conditions that there is no frequency detuning, the absorbing periods have a dipole moment twice that of the gain periods, the input pulse is a pulse in the gain medium, and the gain recovery times in the gain and absorbing periods are much longer than the coherence time T2 and are short compared to the round-trip time. It was shown that the mode-locked pulse durations are on the order of T2, which is typically about 100 fs in quantum cascade lasers. In this work, these analytical results are reviewed and extended to include the effects of partial inversion in the gain and absorbing periods and of frequency detuning. An energy theorem in the limit of long coherence times is derived. The MaxwellBloch equations have been solved computationally to determine the robustness of the mode-locked solutions when frequency detuning is present, the dipole moment of the absorbing periods differs from twice that of the gain periods, the gain relaxation time is on the order of 1–10 ps, as is typically obtained in quantum cascade lasers, and the initial pulse is not a pulse in the gain medium. We find that mode-locked solutions exist over a broad parameter range. We have also investigated the evolution of initial pulses that are initially much broader than the final mode-locked pulses. As long as the initial pulse duration is on the order of T1 or shorter and has enough energy to create a pulse in the medium, a mode-locked pulse with a duration on the order of T2 will ultimately form.
Calibration and evaluation of virtual environment displays

Designing safe and effective virtual environment (VE) systems requires human factors research to produce specifications for VE systems that are based on sensory and perceptual requirements necessary for optimal human performance. Part of this research requires establishing performance benchmarks, established in physical environments, with which to compare performance in virtual environments. The authors present two studies in which they used benchmarks based on two fundamental perceptual and motor components of spatial perception and orientation. (1) A virtual visual display was calibrated by comparing the accuracy of pointing to targets in physical and virtual environments. (2) The authors assessed the degree to which a VE represented a physical environment by comparing users' judgments of target direction in the two environments. They discuss implications of the research for the design of VEs. >
The impact of patients' and therapists' religious values on psychotherapy.

Objectiver The American Psychiatric Association's committee on religion and psychiatry has issued guidelines urging therapists to understand and maintain an empathic respect for patients' religious orientations and beliefs. This paper reviews recent literature on the effects of patients' and therapists' religious values on psychotherapy. Methods: Relevant psychiatric and psychological publications were searched; both empirical studies and clinical discussions were included. Results and conclusions: Psychotherapists communicate their values to patients in psychotherapy. Many therapists have secular values, which may clash with some patients' religious values. To avoid negative countertransferences, therapists must be sensitive to patients' values and aware of their own attitudes about religion. Therapists' self-disclosure of their attitudes and belieft has been encouraged, and referral of patients to clergy or religious counselors is sometimes recommended.
TWO PARALLEL 1-D FFT ALGORITHMS WITHOUT ALL-TO-ALL COMMUNICATION

Computing the 1-D Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) using the conventional six-step FFT algorithm on parallel computers requires intensive all-to-all communication due to the necessity of matrix transpose in three steps. This all-to-all communication is a limiting factor in improving the performance of FFT in its parallel implementations. In this paper, we present two parallel algorithms for implementing the 1-D FFT without all-to-all communication between processors, at the expense of increased inner-processor computation as compared to the conventional six-step FFT algorithm. Our analysis reveals the advantage of these two algorithms over the six-step FFT algorithm in parallel systems where the cost of inter-processor communication outweighs the cost of inner-processor computation. As a case study, we choose a 32-node Beowulf cluster with fast processors (running at 2 GHz) but relatively slow inter-processor communication (over a 100 Mbit/s switch). Simulation results on this cluster demonstrate that the proposed no-communication FFT algorithms can achieve a speedup ranging from 1.1 to 1.5 over the six-step FFT algorithm.
A high-current electron gun for the electron beam ion trap at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory.

The Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) in NSCL’s reaccelerator ReA uses continuous ion injection and accumulation. In order to maximize capture efficiency and minimize breeding time into high charge states, the EBIT requires a high-current/high current-density electron beam. A new electron gun insert based on a concave Ba-dispenser cathode has been designed and built to increase the current transmitted through the EBIT’s superconducting magnet. With the new insert, stable EBIT operating conditions with 0.8 A of electron beam have been established. The design of the electron gun is presented together with calculated and measured perveance data. In order to assess the experimental compression of the electron beam, a pinhole CCD camera has been set up to measure the electron beam radius. The camera observes X-rays emitted from highly charged ions, excited by the electron beam. Initial tests with this camera setup will be presented. They indicate that a current density of 640 A/cm2 has been reached when the EBIT m...
The 2012 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (UA/NSTEMI) Guideline: a critical appraisal

The American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and the American Heart Association (AHA) recently published the 2012 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Updating the 2007 Guideline and Replacing the 2011 Update).(1) These guidelines were developed in collaboration with multiple societies and represent an important landmark in the management of patients with unstable angina (UA) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). This paper provides a critical overview of some of the clinically relevant novel and modified recommendations proposed by the updated guideline.
BAR fault tolerance for cooperative services

This paper describes a general approach to constructing cooperative services that span multiple administrative domains. In such environments, protocols must tolerate both Byzantine behaviors when broken, misconfigured, or malicious nodes arbitrarily deviate from their specification and rational behaviors when selfish nodes deviate from their specification to increase their local benefit. The paper makes three contributions: (1) It introduces the BAR (Byzantine, Altruistic, Rational) model as a foundation for reasoning about cooperative services; (2) It proposes a general three-level architecture to reduce the complexity of building services under the BAR model; and (3) It describes an implementation of BAR-B the first cooperative backup service to tolerate both Byzantine users and an unbounded number of rational users. At the core of BAR-B is an asynchronous replicated state machine that provides the customary safety and liveness guarantees despite nodes exhibiting both Byzantine and rational behaviors. Our prototype provides acceptable performance for our application: our BAR-tolerant state machine executes 15 requests per second, and our BAR-B backup service can back up 100MB of data in under 4 minutes.
Low power multilevel interconnect networks using wave-pipelined multiplexed (WPM) routing

A low power multilevel interconnect architecture that uses wave-pipelined multiplexed (WPM) interconnect routing is proposed in this paper. WPM takes advantage of existing interconnect idleness and implements low-overhead wire sharing to reduce the number of routing tracks required for intra-macrocell communication. It is shown that the extra available routing area could then be used to redesign the interconnect network to substantially reduce coupling capacitance and driver sizes. System-level simulation reveals that the systematic application of WPM reduces total power of a 40M transistor macrocell by almost 28% without any loss in performance.
Modeling and Simulation of Noise in Closed-Loop All-Digital PLLs using Verilog-A

The modeling and simulation of an all-digital PLL is presented. Verilog-A, owing to its flexibility, is used to create both behavioral and gate-level models used in system-level and circuit-based simulation. The methodology presented allows us to simulate the PLL closed-loop and accurately take into account reference phase noise, DCO phase noise, quantization noise and any excess of it, allowing us to validate our jitter budget for any given application.
A Neural Model of Attention, Reinforcement and Discrimination Learning

This article discusses several important phenomena wherein present behavior depends on how temporal and geometrical relationships among past events are influenced by competitive feedback.
Efficient photoconductive THz source with spatially shaped excitation

Reduced screening and improved efficiency in terahertz power generation are achieved by line excitation of photoconductive sources. Screening limitations are explored computationally to optimize the source with highest efficiency reported to date.
Examples of noninjectivity for the combinatorial radon transform

In this paper we construct counterexamples to show that is not injective i.e.,a multiset of 27 elements cannot be recovered from its triple-sums unqiuely
Incarceration as a catalyst for worsening health

The primary aim of this paper is to explicate the mechanisms through which incarceration affects health. Guided by theories that emphasize the compounding nature of inequality and with a focus on those that are disproportionately impacted by the drastic increase of incarceration over the last three decades, an exploration of these mechanisms is undertaken. This investigation provides a better understanding of the issues that are faced by incarcerated individuals in the incarceration environment, after release, and via macro-level policy. Finally, a hypothetical heuristic framework is presented that illustrates the ways in which incarceration affects individual, family and community level health. Implications for policy intervention programs and future research that serve to address diminished health among incarcerated populations are discussed.
In situ TEM straining of nanograined Al films strengthened with Al2O3 nanoparticles.

Growing interest in nanomaterials has raised many questions regarding the operating mechanisms active during the deformation and failure of nanoscale materials. To address this, a simple, effective in situ TEM straining technique was developed that provides direct detailed observations of the active deformation mechanisms at a length scale relevant to most nanomaterials. The capabilities of this new straining structure are highlighted with initial results in pulsed laser deposited (PLD) Al-Al2O3 thin films of uniform thickness. The Al-Al2O3 system was chosen for investigation, as the grain size can be tailored via deposition and annealing conditions and the active mechanisms in the binary system can be compared to previous studies in PLD Ni and evaporated Al films. PLD Al-Al2O3 free-standing films of various oxide concentrations and different thermal histories were produced and characterized in terms of average grain and particle sizes. Preliminary in situ TEM straining experiments show intergranular failure for films with 5 vol% Al2O3. Further work is in progress to explore and understand the active deformation and failure mechanisms, as well as the dependence of mechanisms on processing routes.
Social Characteristics of Early Adolescents Upon Entering a Middle School

This study examined the relationship between preadolescent selfesteem and perceptions of anonymity and victimization within the school environment. Data concerning family structure, i.e., one versus twoparent familial contexts, and perceptions of generational differences were also collected. A total of 152 male and female preadolescents entering sixth grade in a 6-8 school structure responded to the questionnaire. Significant attitudinal differences were observed by gender and family structure. Specifically, males exhibited lower self-esteem than females while also reporting greater perceptions of anonymity within the new school environment. Individuals from one-parent families exhibited higher self-esteem than those from familial contexts where both parents were present. The final analysis revealed that individuals who possessed higher self-esteems also reported feeling less anonymous in the school while being more cognizant of a generational difference.
Design of State-Space-Based Control Algorithms for Wind Turbine Speed Regulation

Control can improve the performance of wind turbines by enhancing energy capture and reducing dynamic loads. At the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, we are beginning to design control algorithms for regulation of turbine speed and power using state-space control designs. In this paper, we describe the design of such a control algorithm for regulation of rotor speed in full-load operation (region 3) for a two-bladed wind turbine. We base our control design on simple linear models of a turbine, which contain rotor and generator rotation, drivetrain torsion, and rotor flap degrees of freedom (first mode only). We account for wind-speed fluctuations using disturbance-accommodating control. We show the capability of these control schemes to stabilize the modeled turbine modes via pole placement, while using state estimation to reduce the number of turbine measurements that are needed for these control algorithms. We incorporate these controllers into the FAST_AD code and show simulation results for various conditions. Finally we report conclusions to this work and outline future studies.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Fight Silently: Everyday Resistance in Surviving State Owned Enterprises in Contemporary China

Many scholars have noted the rise of labor militancy in contemporary China. This rise is often linked to the growing discontent of an expanding working class facing harsh market conditions. We might expect workers in state-owned enterprises, which have suffered state-cut backs and harsh privatization, to be among the most militant. This study reveals, however, that workers at one of such state-owned enterprises are far from militant. I argue that the urgency of survival and the denial of alternative work opportunities have effectively prevented any form of collective resistance on the part of these workers. Instead, their resistance only manifests in forms of so-called everyday resistance. Furthermore, these forms of resistance work as a double-edged weapon with harmful consequences for both the regime and its workers.
Pattern formation in a nonlinear model for animal coats

Abstract Several models have been proposed for describing the formation of animal coat patterns. We consider reaction–diffusion models due to Murray, which rely on a Turing instability for the pattern selection. In this paper, we describe the early stages of the pattern formation process for large domain sizes. This includes the selection mechanism and the geometry of the patterns generated by the nonlinear system on one-, two-, and three-dimensional base domains. These results are obtained by an adaptation of results explaining the occurrence of spinodal decomposition in materials science as modeled by the Cahn–Hilliard equation. We use techniques of dynamical systems, viewing solutions of the reaction–diffusion model in terms of nonlinear semiflows. Our results are applicable to any parabolic system exhibiting a Turing instability.
Nurse satisfaction using insulin pens in hospitalized patients.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate nurse satisfaction using pen devices compared with vials/syringes to administer insulin to hospitalized patients with diabetes.MethodsA quasi-experi...
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Circulionidae: Scolytinae) Invasion in Eastern U.S. Forests

The non-native redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), has recently emerged as a significant pest of southeastern U.S. coastal forests. Specifically, a fungal symbiont (Raffaelea sp.) of X. glabratus has caused mortality of redbay (Persea borbonia) and sassafras (Sassafras albidum) trees in the region; several other Lauraceae species also seem susceptible. Although the range of X. glabratus continues to expand rapidly, little is known about the species' biology and behavior. In turn, there has been no broad-scale assessment of the threat it poses to eastern U.S. forests. To provide a basic information framework, we performed analyses exploiting relevant spatio-temporal data available for X. glabratus. First, we mapped the densities of redbay and sassafras from forest inventory data. Second, we used climate matching to delineate potential geographic limits for X. glabratus. Third, we used county infestation data to estimate the rate of spread and modeled spread through time, incorporating host density as a weighting factor. Our results suggest that (1) key areas with high concentrations of redbay have yet to be invaded, but some are immediately threatened; (2) climatic conditions may serve to constrain X. glabratus to the southeastern U.S. coastal region; and (3) if unchecked, X. glabratus may spread throughout the range of redbay in <40 yr. Disruption of anthropogenic, long-distance dispersal could reduce the likelihood of this outcome.
Aristotle's kinêsis/energeia Distinction: A Marginal Note on Kathleen Gill's Paper

Commentaire de l'article de K.Gill et de sa conception erronee sur la distinction faite par A.Mourelatos dans les annees 70 entre evenements et proces. Distinction essentiellement identique a celle qu'Aristote note entre kinesis et energeia
Parameter control in predistribution schemes of cryptographic keys

Predistribution schemes of cryptographic keys are recognized as appropriate solutions to secure communication in large-scale wireless sensor networks. Among various schemes, the seminal scheme proposed by Eschenauer and Gligor, and its extension introduced by Chan et al. have been widely studied in the literature. Yet, there is a lack of a formal analysis on how to control the parameters of the two schemes to ensure connectivity of a sensor network with a certain probability, especially when the wireless links are unreliable. This paper fills the gap and provides fundamental guidelines on choosing the scheme parameters.
Gender and marital status differences in control and distress: common stress versus unique stress explanations.

Tentative d'explication de la vulnerabilite et de la detresse plus marquees chez la femme et les celibataires davantage exposes a des evenements sur lesquels ils n'ont aucune prise et plus conscients de leur incapacite a en maitriser le cours. Les donnees d'une enquete effectuee sur un echantillon de 1106 chefs de famille etablissent l'impact preponderant en la matiere, non du sexe, mais du role sexuel et social assume dans le groupe familial
Electrifying Illustrated News: Zheng Zhengqiu and the Transformation of Graphic Arts Into Dramatic Cinema, 1910–1935

A pivotal figure in the birth of Chinese cinema, Zheng Zhengqiu (鄭正秋 1889–1935) established an art of dramatic film integral to the creation of early Chinese motion pictures. His style incorporated unique cross-media perspectives, producing theatrical works fundamentally grounded in his experiences in graphic arts (illustrated news) and theater. This article focuses on crucial links between Zheng’s films and his work for various illustrated newspapers, as well as between his stage plays and his own experience of family life. The author offers new approaches to and interpretations of Zheng’s art, analyzing his emotional modes of narrative and provocative forms of engagement. These artistic traits are rarely discussed in contemporary scholarship on his contributions to Chinese cinema. Emerging during the 1911 Revolution, Zheng’s sensational style of drama aimed to foster broad social and cultural reforms. For Zheng, art was never for art’s sake alone; instead, art was always in the service of society.
Anticoagulation in Older Adults with Multimorbidity

The number of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who are of advanced age or have multiple comorbidities is expected to increase substantially. Older patients with AF generally gain a net benefit from anticoagulation. Guidelines typically recommend anticoagulation. There are multiple challenges in the safe use of anticoagulation in frail patients, including bleeding risk, monitoring and adherence, and polypharmacy. Although there are options for chronic oral anticoagulation, clinicians must understand the unique advantages and disadvantages of these medications when developing a management plan. This article reviews issues surrounding the appropriate use and selection of anticoagulants in complex older patients with AF.
An Exciting and Suspenseful Novel

This Paper gives an exposition to the ideological and artistic features of the suspenseful novel"Double Dead ".
Work of Breathing and Abnormal Mechanics

In most forms of respiratory failure the individual increases his respiratory effort—work—to try to compensate for the abnormal blood-gas levels. The amount of work required to compensate for the low P a o 2 and/or high P a co 2 controls whether the patient will be able to prevent a dangerous fall in P a o 2 and how long he can maintain adequate spontaneous ventilation.
Invisibility, Children, Rules

If phylogenetic theories of the origin of language are quicksand and the history of writing is just now being pieced together, what about ontogenetic theories? What can they tell about the relations between mind and language?
Hydrogen: An Energy Carrier

Hydrogen does not generally exist in the free-state rather it occurs in compounds which means other energy sources have to be used to separate it. Broadly speaking, the compounds are water, natural gas and coal or biomass. Selection of the method of separation determines the overall environmental impact of hydrogen. Once produced, hydrogen can be in the form of a compressed gas, cryogenic liquid or chemical, each requiring specific methods of storage essential to successful distribution. As an energy carrier, hydrogen has many applications which can be categorised as stationary, mobile, backup or speciality. For hydrogen to make it into general use, production, distribution and application must be moderated by safety, reliability, the market place and education. Technical difficulties still present hurdles to the everyday use of hydrogen. These are being confronted and dealt with by researchers and developers around the world.
Space-time-wavelength mapping based electronically controlled two dimensional optical tweezing

We investigate two-dimensional optical tweezing by space-time-wavelength mapping. We show that by adding a virtually imaged phased array to the proposed setup, force field in a 2D plane can be controlled by time-domain modulation.
Change It Up! What Girls Say About Redefining Leadership

A national study conducted by Girl Scouts of the USA and Fluent, a New York-based research firm explores the leadership aspirations of girls and boys. Over 4,000 youth were included in the study which examines perceptions, behaviors, experiences and attitudes regarding leadership. The executive summary includes numerous tables and charts highlighting the research findings and comparative responses of boys and girls. Readers will find the results from this study to be of great value when designing youth leadership programs.
Localization of a mobile rigid sensor network

The relative positions of the sensors from one another in a rigid sensor network are known and locating the network reduces to obtaining its position, orientation angle, and translational and angular velocities with respect to a global coordinate frame from the measurements with anchors. Previous solution is computationally demanding that may not be suitable in a resource constrained environment. We propose a solution for this highly nonlinear estimation problem using the divide and conquer approach in the 2-D scenario. We first obtain from the measurements the sensor positions and velocities pretending no prior knowledge among them and then exploit their relative positions to estimate the unknown parameters. Methods are available for the first step. We focus on the second step and develop a closed-form solution through nuisance variables and nonlinear transformations. The proposed estimator is computationally attractive and has CRLB performance for Gaussian noise over the small error region.
CHAPTER 18 – Platelet Thrombus Formation in Flowing Blood

The inner lining of normal blood vessels is composed of endothelial cells that form a surface resistant to the adhesion of circulating platelets. In areas where the endothelium is altered, however, or at sites of vascular damage where subendothelial or other extracellular matrices are exposed, firm platelet attachment rapidly occurs. This is a critical initial step in hemostasis and thrombosis, as well as in infl ammatory and immunopathogenic responses,1 requiring the concerted interaction of matrix proteins with platelet receptors ultimately leading to platelet activation and aggregation. The hemostatic response to vascular injury is contingent on the extent of damage, the specific matrix proteins exposed, and flow conditions. In this chapter, we focus first on the mechanisms responsible for the initial interaction of platelets with thrombogenic surfaces associated with vascular and tissue trauma. We then discuss the secondary events that, pursuant to the initial adhesion of platelets, lead to thrombus propagation and stabilization by mechanisms that mostly depend on the formation of interplatelet contacts.
GMPR: A novel normalization method for microbiome sequencing data

Normalization is the first and a critical step in microbiome sequencing (microbiome-Seq) data analysis to account for variable library sizes. Though RNA-Seq based normalization methods have been adapted for microbiome-Seq data, they fail to consider the unique characteristics of microbiome-Seq data, which contain a vast number of zeros due to the physical absence or undersampling of the microbes. Normalization methods that specifically address the zeroinflation remain largely undeveloped. Here we propose GMPR - a simple but effective normalization method - for zeroinflated sequencing data such as microbiome-Seq data. Simulation studies and analyses of 38 real gut microbiome datasets from 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed method.
Splenectomy is associated with higher infection and pneumonia rates among trauma laparotomy patients

Abstract Splenectomy increases lifetime risk of thromboembolism (VTE) and is associated with long-term infectious complications, primarily, overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI). Our objective was to evaluate risk of VTE and infection at index hospitalization post-splenectomy. Retrospective review of all patients who received a laparotomy in the NTDB. Propensity score matching for splenectomy was performed, based on ISS, abdominal abbreviated injury score >3, GCS, sex and mechanism. Major complications, VTE, and infection rates were compared. Multiple logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate splenectomy-associated complications. 93,221 laparotomies were performed and 17% underwent splenectomy. Multiple logistic regression models did not demonstrate an association between splenectomy and major complications (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.91–1.03, p = 0.25) or VTE (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.96–1.14, p = 0.33). Splenectomy was independently associated with infection (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00–1.14, p = 0.045). Subgroup analysis of patients with infection demonstrated that splenectomy was most strongly associated with pneumonia (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.26–1.57, p Splenectomy is not associated with higher overall complication or VTE rates during index hospitalization. However, splenectomy is associated with a higher rate of pneumonia.
QUALITY OF LIFE AND WELL-BEING: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: IMPROVING QUALITY OF LIFE FOR LATE-LIFE PATIENTS: KEY FINDINGS FROM LIFECOURSE INTERVENTION.

AbstractQuality of life (QOL) for patients with chronic conditions at the end of life is a concern among policymakers and consumers, and has implications for improved care delivery outcomes. QOL indicators enable understanding of healthcare delivery beyond system oriented outcomes, shedding light on the effect of holistic, supportive care for those living with complex chronic illness in late life. In this mixed methods evaluation, we examine the effectiveness of a new patient-centered approach to late life care—LifeCourse intervention. A key component is ongoing, across-setting assistance by layperson care guides, supported by a clinical team. We investigate whether participation in LifeCourse improves QOL for patients, compared to usual care controls. QOL is assessed through quarterly administration of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Palliative Care survey (n=190 intervention patients and 157 controls). Data is presented as change in QOL indicators between baseline and 6 months. Mixed-methods analysis includes longitudinal examination of scores and qualitative data analysis. Multivariate analyses reveal that LifeCourse intervention had a significant positive effect on QOL for intervention patients when compared to controls. Additional analyses show that most changes happen for social quality of life domains. Interview data reveal that participants actively seek out ways to maintain QOL and exhibit resilience in the face of decline. Overall, our findings show that LifeCourse has a positive impact on QOL when compared to usual care patients. These trends indicate whole-person supportive care like LifeCourse is a promising approach for patients affected by complex chronic illness in late life.
Raman-like stimulated Brillouin scattering in phononic-crystal-assisted silicon-nitride waveguides

We study theoretically stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides created as a phononic line defect inside a pillar-based phononic-crystal membrane of the same material for efficient confinement of the generated acoustic phonons to the optical waveguides. The phononic defect is carefully designed to confine the transversally resonating breathing acoustic mode inside the phononic band gap of the host phononic crystal. These breathing acoustic modes are well excited by the fundamental optical modes of the waveguides. By optimizing this structure, we show the possibility of achieving high SBS gain in an integrated platform with full complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility with other photonic and electronic functionalities. The combination of low-loss traveling photons and long-lasting resonating phonons in the proposed SiN waveguide paves the way for the demonstration of efficient on-chip SBS devices.
Random matrix model for quantum dots with interactions and the conductance peak spacing distribution

We introduce a random interaction matrix model (RIMM) for finite-size strongly interacting fermionic systems whose single-particle dynamics is chaotic. The model is applied to Coulomb blockade quantum dots with irregular shape to describe the crossover of the peak spacing distribution from a Wigner-Dyson to a Gaussian-like distribution. The crossover is universal within the random matrix model and is shown to depend on a single parameter: a scaled fluctuation width of the interaction matrix elements. The crossover observed in the RIMM is compared with the results of an Anderson model with Coulomb interactions. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) 79.: Reductive-oxidation ECL of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) using hydrogen peroxide as a coreactant in pH 7.5 phosphate buffer solution

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can be used as a coreactant to generate reductive-oxidation ECL of Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), in pH 7.5 phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Although Ru(bpy)3+ is adsorbed and precipitated on the electrode upon reduction of Ru(bpy)32+ in aqueous solutions, ECL can still be generated and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) experiments verified the presence of some dissolved Ru(bpy)3+ in the solution. When H2O2 is electrochemically reduced, it produces hydroxyl radical ( OH). ECL is generated by an energetic electron transfer (ET) reaction between Ru(bpy)3+ and OH. The ECL intensity depends on both the Ru(bpy)32+ and H2O2 concentrations. However, a relatively high concentration of H2O2 (>1 mM H2O2 with 0.1 mM Ru(bpy)32+) quenches ECL significantly. H2O2 also quenches the photoluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ with a quenching rate constant of 5.7 × 106 M−1 s−1.
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy with Near Ultraviolet Excitation of Peroxidase Intermediates in High Oxidation States

The oxidative function of peroxidases has long been of interest to chemists and biochemists because of the unstable and highly oxidized states that are reversibly assumed by the heme active site during the catalytic cycle. Features of the various peroxidase mechanisms have been postulated to occur in the catalytic cycles of other important heme enzymes such as cytochrome oxidase and cytochrome P-450. Peroxidases are widespread in plants but are also found in numerous animal tissues. An extensively studied peroxidase which is isolated from horseradish root is the main topic of this paper. The catalytic sequence of horseradish peroxidase involves two oxidative intermediates known as compounds I and II (Dunford, 1982), (Dawson, 1988). Compound I, two oxidation equivalents above the resting enzyme, contains a ferryl heme with an additional electron removed from the porphyrin ring, forming a porphyrin π-cation radical (Dolphin and Felton, 1974), (McMurry and Groves, 1986). Compound II, which contains an oxo-ferryl heme, results from the reduction of compound I which restores an electron to the porphyrin ring (Hewson and Hager, 1979).
Experienced operators achieve superior patency and wound complication rates with endoscopic great saphenous vein harvest compared with open harvest in lower extremity bypasses

Abstract Objective Prior studies have suggested improved wound complication rates but decreased primary patency in lower extremity bypasses performed with endoscopic vein harvest (EVH) vs open vein harvest (OVH). We hypothesize that the inferior patency reflects the initial learning curve for EVH and that improved patency can be achieved with experience. Methods This was a single-institution review of 113 patients with critical limb ischemia who underwent infrainguinal bypass with a continuous segment of great saphenous vein harvested endoscopically (n = 49) or through a single open incision (n = 64) from 2012 to 2017. EVH was performed by surgeons with >5 years' experience with this technique. Operative outcomes, patency, complications, and readmission rates were compared between the harvest methods. EVH data were also compared with our prior reported series of our initial experience with this technique to determine the effects of experience on outcomes. Results There were no significant differences in patient demographics, medications, operative indications, or inflow/outflow vessels between the two groups. Mean operative time was 322 minutes and median hospital length of stay was 6 days for OVH, and was 340 minutes and 5 days for EVH, which was not significant. Harvest-related wound complications were more frequent with OVH (28% vs 2%, P Conclusions With experience, lower extremity bypass using EVH can result in improved patency compared with OVH and initial EVH use, while also resulting in fewer wound complications and readmissions, with comparable operative times and hospital length of stay. This technique should be more widely adopted by vascular surgeons as a primary method of vein harvest.
Towards Micro-Plate Delivery using a re-sized Lab Automation Drone in High Throughput Systems

In this paper, the author presents micro-plate grasping work using a re-sized lab automation drone in high throughput system. Here, a robotic arm is affixed to a rotorcraft. The arm's gripper allows the unmanned aerial vehicle to dexterously manipulate objects such as micro-arrays and test samples often used in high throughput systems (HTS). The result shows that drone could improve existing HTS operations. The 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) arm and gripper design are deployed to pick and place microplae with different samples. Test-and-evaluation approach and results are also given.
Optimizing the Geometry of Wildlife Corridors in Conservation Reserve Design

Wildlife corridors are often used to connect critical habitat for species protection. Mixed integer programming models have been used in the past to create wildlife corridors, but they lack the cap...