cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A split-step finite-element method for incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with high-order accuracy up-to the boundary

Abstract An efficient and accurate finite-element algorithm is described for the numerical solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes (INS) equations. The new algorithm that solves the INS equations in a velocity-pressure reformulation is based on a split-step scheme in conjunction with the standard finite-element method. The split-step scheme employed for the temporal discretization of our algorithm completely separates the pressure updates from the solution of velocity variables. When the pressure equation is formed explicitly, the algorithm avoids solving a saddle-point problem; therefore, our algorithm has more flexibility in choosing finite-element spaces. In contrast, popular mixed finite-element methods that solve the INS equations in the primitive variables (or velocity-divergence formulation) lead to discrete saddle-point problems whose solution depends on the choice of finite-element spaces for velocity and pressure that is subject to the well-known Ladyzenskaja-Babuska-Brezzi (LBB) (or inf-sup) condition. For efficiency and robustness, Lagrange (piecewise-polynomial) finite elements of equal order for both velocity and pressure are used. Accurate numerical boundary condition for the pressure equation is also investigated. Motivated by a post-processing technique that calculates derivatives of a finite element solution with super-convergent error estimates, an alternative numerical boundary condition is proposed for the pressure equation at the discrete level. The new numerical pressure boundary condition that can be regarded as a better implementation of the compatibility boundary condition improves the boundary-layer errors of the pressure solution. A normal-mode analysis is performed using a simplified model problem on a uniform mesh to demonstrate the numerical properties of our methods. Convergence studies using P 1 elements support the analytical results and demonstrates that our algorithm with the new numerical boundary condition achieves the optimal second-order accuracy for both velocity and pressure up-to the boundary. Benchmark problems are also computed and carefully compared with existing studies. Finally, as an example to illustrate that our approach can be easily adapted for higher-order finite elements, we solve the classical flow-past-a-cylinder problem using P n finite elements with n ≥ 1 .
A CASE OF LIFE-THREATENING FLECAINIDE INDUCED VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

The class 1C antiarrhythmic agent flecainide is considered a first-line rhythm control option for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients without LV dysfunction or coronary artery disease. However, due to its blockade of sodium channels, its use carries the risk of PR and QRS prolongation and life-
The Efficacy of Surgical Excision Plus Adjuvant Multimodal Therapies in the Treatment of Keloids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Research evaluating the efficacy of multimodal therapy for the treatment of keloids has reported combination regimens are most effective. Objective To compare recurrence rates for keloids treated with surgery plus one adjuvant intervention (dual therapy) versus surgery plus 2 or more adjuvant interventions (triple therapy). Materials and methods Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of combination treatment for keloids. Results After full-text review, we included 60 articles representing 5,547 keloids: 5,243 received dual therapy, 259 received triple therapy, and 45 received quadruple therapy (the latter 2 groups were combined for analysis). The difference in recurrence rates between dual (19%) and triple therapy (11.2%) was not significant (p = .343). However, the difference in recurrence rates between dual therapy using surgery and radiation (18.7%) and triple therapy using surgery, radiation, and a third intervention (7.7%) was significant (p = .002). The differences for surgery and intralesional triamcinolone (TAC) showed trends toward significance, because keloids treated with dual therapy (21.7%) had a higher recurrence rate than those treated with triple therapy comprised of surgery, TAC, and another intervention (13.7%; p = .099). Conclusion Triple therapy using surgery plus radiation and/or TAC as one of the adjuvant treatment modalities may achieve the lowest recurrence rates for keloids.
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Novel Peer Concussion-Education Program for Collegiate Athletes

CONTEXT The National Collegiate Athletic Association and US Department of Defense have called for educational programs to change the culture of concussion reporting, increase reporting behavior, and enhance the safety of players and service members. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a novel peer concussion-education program (PCEP) in changing knowledge, attitudes, and norms about concussion reporting among collegiate student-athletes and assess program implementation. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial and qualitative analysis of interviews. SETTING National Collegiate Athletic Association athletic teams from randomly selected colleges or universities. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 1614 male and female student-athletes from 60 teams at 10 colleges and universities and 8 athletic trainers. INTERVENTION(S) The PCEP intervention trains 2 peer concussion educators to provide 2 education modules to their teammates. Knowledge, attitudes (oneself and teammates), and concussion occurrence or reporting were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 1 month later. Eight athletic trainers were interviewed about program implementation. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed greater increases occurred postintervention and at 1 month in concussion knowledge (F1,2648 = 51.3, P < .0001), intention to report (oneself, F2,2633 = 82.3, P < .0001; teammates, F2,2624 = 53.9, P < .0001), return-to-play protocol knowledge, (F2,2632 = 28.4, P < .0001), direct subjective norms (oneself, F2,2625 = 51.7, P < .0001; teammates, F2,2644 = 40.6, P < .0001), direct perceived behavioral control (oneself, F2,2628 = 53.7, P < .0001; teammates, F2,2615 = 68.2, P < .0001), and indirect attitudes (oneself, F2,2626 = 47.1, P < .001; teammates, F2,2623 = 40.9, P < .0001). Peer concussion-education program participants discussed concussion more often with a teammate (F1,1396 = 13.96, P < .0001) or athletic staff (F1,1396 = 6.62, P < .001). Qualitative program analysis revealed both positive aspects of the PCEP and areas for improvement. CONCLUSIONS The PCEP showed promise in increasing concussion knowledge, intention to report concussion, reporting a teammate's concussion, and facilitating attitudinal changes that support reporting among student-athletes.
Enumeration of Time Series Motifs of All Lengths

Time series motifs are repeated patterns in long and noisy time series. Motifs are typically used to understand the dynamics of the source because repeated patterns with high similarity evidentially rule out the presence of noise. Recently, time series motifs have also been used for clustering, summarization, rule discovery and compression as features. For all such purposes, many high quality motifs of various lengths are desirable and thus, originates the problem of enumerating motifs for a wide range of lengths. Existing algorithms find motifs for a given length. A trivial way to enumerate motifs is to run one of the algorithms for the whole range of lengths. However, such parameter sweep is computationally infeasible for large real datasets. In this paper, we describe an exact algorithm, called MOEN, to enumerate motifs. The algorithm is an order of magnitude faster than the naive algorithm. The algorithm frees us from re-discovering the same motif at different lengths and tuning multiple data-dependent parameters. The speedup comes from using a novel bound on the similarity function across lengths and the algorithm uses only linear space unlike other motif discovery algorithms. We describe three case studies in entomology and activity recognition where MOEN enumerates several high quality motifs.
A novel intracochlear injection method for rapid drug delivery to vestibular end organs.

Abstract Background Injection into the inner ear through the round window (RW) or a cochleostomy is a reliable method for delivering drugs or viruses to the cochlea. This method has been less effective for fast deliveries to vestibular end organs. New Method We describe a novel approach for rapid delivery of drugs to the vestibular end organ via the oval window (OW) and scala vestibuli in 1–3 month old C57BL/6 mice. The OW was directly accessed through the external ear canal after ablating the tympanic membrane and middle ear ossicles. A canalostomy in the superior canal provided a low pressure point for faster transit of injected solution from the OW to the vestibular neuroepithelia, allowing for higher rates of injection. Results The efficacy of this technique was shown by fast transit times of a colored artificial perilymph from the OW to the utricle and the ampullae of the horizontal and superior canals in ∼2 min. Following injection, the response of the vestibular nerve was preserved, as measured by the vestibular sensory evoked potentials (VsEP). Comparison with Existing Methods Previous studies have used posterior semicircular canals or the RW with canalostomy to gain access to vestibular end organs in mice. The OW with canalostomy, provides the means for high injection rates and fast and reliable delivery of drugs to vestibular hair cells and afferent terminals. Conclusions The presented method for injections through the OW provides rapid delivery of solutions to vestibular end organs without adversely affecting vestibular nerve responses measured by VsEP.
Selective Breeding and Domestication

A discussion group identified a series of hatchery practices that have the potential to induce selection and thereby to modify the gene pool of wild populations during hatchery rearing. The initial step in our discussion of selective breeding and domestication was to define these terms. Selective Breeding was defined as the intentional selection by man to modify the gene pool of a brood stock or population, and domestication was defined as the consequence of all selection pressures, both selective breeding and natural selection imposed by the environment, that modify the gene pool of a population for life in domestic environments.
Association between interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children

Objective To explore the association between interleukin-10(IL-10) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP)in children, and to further explore the pathogenesis of HSP, provide some scientific evidence for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of HSP. Methods One hundred and twelve patients with HSP(HSP group), in which 39 cases were HSP nephritis (HSPN group) hospitalized in Zhengzhou Children's Hospital from December of 2012 to April of 2013 and 184 healthy children (healthy control group)were recruited in this study.The distribution of patients and the healthy control group in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-10 (rs1800872, rs3024490, rs3790622, rs1518111, rs1554286, rs3024498) was detected and compared by Seque-nom Massarray system analysis and meanwhile the haplotype analysis and linkage disequilibrium test were conducted. Simultaneously, the serum levels of IL-10 between HSP group and healthy control group were detected. Results The concentration of IL-10 in HSP group was higher than that of the healthy control group(P 0.05). For haplotypes analysis, ATCATA, AGCGCA were the most common haplotypes, followed by CTCATA, CGCGCA and ATTATA haplotypes.By the chi-square test, the levels of AGCGCA, ATCGCA, CTCATA haplotypes in HSP group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group(P=8.41e-012, 0.003 536, 1.30e-011). While the levels of ATCATA, CGCGCA haplotypes in HSP group were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group(P=0.003 519, 4.94e-005). In the rs3790622, the allele frequency and the genotype frequency of the HSPN group were significantly higher compared with those of the healthy control group(all P=0.01). Conclusions The children with HSP are closely linked to the serum levels of IL-10.No significant associations were found between these variants and the susceptibility to HSP.For haplotypes analysis, the ATCATA, CGCGCA haplotypes may play a protective role in HSP children.In the rs3790622, the T allele and CT genotype may be the protective factor in HSPN. Key words: Henoch-Schonlein purpura; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Interleukin-10; Haplotype; Lin-kage disequilibrium; Child
Treatment of Early Deep Wound Infections after Arterial Reconstructions: A Meta-Analysis and Survey.

ABSTRACT Objectives : Peripheral vascular graft infections, a serious concern after open lower extremity interventions, are treated using multiple strategies yet, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment. This study summarized the literature and aggregate effect sizes related to graft preservation with antibiotic beads and total excision. Methods : Manuscripts published between 1972 and 2019 were systematically queried using Ovid Medline® and PubMed. Studies were included if they described early (≤4 months of index procedure) infection-related outcomes after extra-cavitary and infrainguinal arterial graft infections that were managed with antibiotic-loaded beads or total excisions (with or without excision). Outcomes assessed included the prevalence of graft preservation failure, reinfection, and major amputation. To examine current preferences on this subject, a voluntary, anonymous survey was administered to practicing members of the Society for Clinical Vascular Surgery. Results : Six graft preservation studies (n=147 patients) were included in the meta-analysis, based on PRISMA guidelines. The meta-analytic pooled proportion of patients with: (1) graft preservation failure was 0.09 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.46, I2 = 88.8%), (2) reinfection was 0.04 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.18, I2 = 79.7%), and (3) major amputation was 0.00 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.04, I2 = 0%). Five studies addressing total excisions were identified via the systematic review however, their combined sample size (n=28 patients) impeded use of a meta-analysis. Ninety (19%) licensed surgeons participated in the survey. In a hemodynamically stable, non-septic patient, 67% (60) of respondents routinely excise the graft, while 31% (28) prefer preservation. Conclusions : Study design and patient characteristic-related heterogeneity limit the ability to generate robust, clinical evidence-level outcome estimates. A prospective study is necessary to definitively establish the efficacy of antibiotic beads in the treatment and preservation of vascular graft infections.
The Resiliency-Focused Supervision Model: Addressing Stress, Burnout, and Self-Care Among Social Workers

Social workers often deal with complex, challenging, and emotionally exhausting situations that can negatively impact their mental and physical health. When a helping professional is in distress, client care may be compromised. Therefore, the necessity of wellness practices to reduce stress and mitigate burnout is gaining recognition in the social work profession. The National Association of Social Workers (2013) asserts that supervisors are responsible for recognizing and responding to supervisees’ work-related angst. However, there is little research published that addresses pre-burnout symptoms and self-care practices in the supervisory process. The Resiliency-Focused Supervision Model (RFSM), a culturally-responsive, strengths-based framework, was developed to assist supervisors in helping supervisees to manage stress, avoid burnout, and be successful in the workplace. The RSFM’s interrelated domain areas include: 1) structural/environmental, 2) relational, 3) work self-care, and 4) life self-care. The RFSM is a practical, pragmatic option for supervisors to use in partnership with social workers to promote good health, well-being, and resiliency.
Exponential Structures and Polynomial Operators

We shall start by studying the generating function of the sequence of polynomials $$\displaystyle \sigma _n ( x ) = \sum _{k=1}^n S_{n,k} x^k ~. $$
Mechanistic Computational Model for Extrapolating In Vitro Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) Inhibition Data to Predict Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels in Rats.

High throughput (HTP) in vitro assays are developed to screen chemicals for their potential to inhibit thyroid hormones (THs) synthesis. Some of these experiments, such as the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) inhibition assay, are based on thyroid microsomal extracts. However, the regulation of thyroid disruption chemicals (TDCs) is based on THs in vivo serum levels. This necessitates the estimation of TDCs in vivo tissue levels in the thyroid where THs synthesis inhibition by TPO takes place. The in vivo tissue levels of chemicals are controlled by pharmacokinetic determinants such as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME), and can be described quantitatively in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. An integrative computational model including chemical specific PBPK and TH kinetics models provides a mechanistic quantitative approach to translate thyroidal HTP in vitro assays to in vivo measures of circulating THs serum levels. This computational framework is developed to quantitatively establish the linkage between applied dose, chemical thyroid tissue levels, thyroid TPO inhibition potential, and in vivo TH serum levels. Once this link is established quantitively, the overall model is used to calibrate the TH kinetics parameters using experimental data for THs levels in thyroid tissue and serum for the two drugs Propylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole (MMI). The calibrated quantitative framework is then evaluated against literature data for the environmental chemical ethylenethiourea (ETU). The linkage of PBPK and TH kinetics models illustrates a computational framework that can be extrapolated to humans to screen chemicals based on their exposure levels and potential to disrupt serum THs levels in vivo.
Infamous bodies: early black women’s celebrity and the afterlives of rights: by Samantha Pinto, London, Duke University Press Books, 2020, ix+264 pp., £26.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-147800823

The landscape of societal discourse often marginalizes black women at the detriment of others; but this groundbreaking book explores ‘representation and culture not for a cure but for a question’ o...
Integer versus half-integer spin on an approximate honeycomb lattice

Recent interest in honeycomb lattice materials has focused on their potential to host quantum spin liquid (QSL) states. Variations in bond angles and spin allow a range of interesting behaviors on this lattice, from the predicted QSL ground state of the Kitaev model to exotic magnetic orders. Here we report the physical properties of two compounds with rare earths on an approximate honeycomb lattice. The isostructural compounds ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{5}\mathrm{Sn}$ ($J=\frac{9}{2}$) and ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{5}\mathrm{Sn}$ ($J=4$) permit a direct comparison of half-integer versus integer spins on this lattice. We find strikingly different magnetic properties for the two compounds. ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{5}\mathrm{Sn}$ orders antiferromagnetically at ${T}_{N}\ensuremath{\approx}2.5$ K and undergoes several magnetic transitions to other ordered states under applied field. ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{5}\mathrm{Sn}$ displays no magnetic ordering transition above $T=0.41$ K, and may be proximate to a spin liquid state.
Building Tolerance: Intergroup Contact and Soccer in Post-ISIS Iraq

Can intergroup contact build social cohesion after war? I answer this question by randomly assigning Iraqi Christians displaced by ISIS either to an all-Christian soccer team or to a team mixed with Muslims. I find persistent changes tobehaviors toward Muslim peers: Christians with Muslim teammates are more likely to sign up for a mixed soccer team inthe future (12 pp.,p<0.08), vote for a Muslim player (not on their team) to receive a sportsmanship award (16 pp.,p<0.01),and train with Muslims six months after the intervention ends (34 pp.,p<0.01). Players on mixed teams are also morelikely to believe that coexistence is possible (63 SDs.,p<0.01). These results seem to be driven by changing norms aroundsocial contact as well as a positive experience, with top-performing teams being more likely to patronize a restaurant inMuslim-dominated Mosul. Contact was less effective, however, at shifting generalized tolerance toward Muslim strangers.These findings point to the potential for meaningful social contact to build coexistence after conflict — even if underlying prejudice remains unchanged.
USE OF NATIVE AND NONNATIVE NEST PLANTS BY RIPARIAN-NESTING BIRDS ALONG TWO STREAMS IN NEW MEXICO

Nonnative plant invasions are a management concern, particularly in riparian forests, but little is known about mechanisms through which they influence vertebrate communities. In the American Southwest, native trees such as cottonwood (Populus spp.) are thought to provide better habitat for breeding birds than nonnative plants, which are more tolerant of human-altered conditions. To evaluate effects of riparian forest composition on riparian-nesting birds, we examined nest plant use along two rivers in New Mexico that differed in abundance of nonnative vegetation. Of the nests we observed, 49% along the Middle Rio Grande were constructed in nonnative plants, compared with 4% along the Gila River. Birds in the canopy and cavity-nesting guilds constructed less than 5% of their nests in nonnative plants along either river. At the Middle Rio Grande, birds in the subcanopy/shrub guild constructed 67% of their nests in nonnative plants. Despite the relatively low availability of cottonwoods, they were used by greater numbers of species than any other woody plant at either river. Riparian obligates and species of conservation concern in the canopy and cavity guilds were especially dependent on cottonwood and Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii). Our results show that, although nonnative trees and shrubs support large numbers of nests for certain birds, cottonwoods and other large native trees are disproportionately important to riparian bird communities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combination of valproate with olanzapine improves the psychotic symptomatology in a schizophrenic patient with hearing impairment and comorbid a typical eating disorder

Background Individuals suffering from deafness or hearing impairment may experience the same range of mental health problems as other individuals, but the expression, treatment and outcome of these disorders vary because of differences in communication and language use. Schizophrenia is generally less responsive to antipsychotics in deaf people, requiring higher doses of them and often combination with mood stabilizing drugs.
Development of an intelligent scheduler for semiconductor manufacturing facilities

Considerable academic research has investigated the topic of scheduling in manufacturing systems. This research investigates the available academic literature and commercial scheduling systems with respect to their applicability in semiconductor manufacturing systems. It recommends a design of an "intelligent scheduler" that attempts to use global information about the fab status and combines the applicable analytical methods from the academic literature with a simulation based evaluation tool into a decision support environment.
The International Cometary Explorer

The International Cometary Explorer (ICE) spacecraft passed through the plasma tail of comet Giacobini-Zinner (G/Z) on September 11, 1985 and made in situ measurements of particles, fields, and waves. The results establish comets and their interaction with the solar wind as a rich source of plasma physics phenomena. Time of closest approach to the comet was approximately 11:02 UT and occurred at a tailward distance of 7,800 km. The spacecraft was in the strong interaction region for roughly 3½ h, and spent about 10 min in the central tail region.
Glutathione levels and susceptibility to chemically induced injury in human prostate cancer cell lines (663.11)

More aggressive or invasive prostate cancer cells (PCCs) are often resistant to chemotherapy and have poor prognosis. Two immortalized human PCC lines, PC-3 (more aggressive) and LNCaP (less aggres...
Bronchography in infants and children. I. A non-fluoroscopic technique.

Bronchography in infants and young children requires a procedure different from that generally employed in adults. A safe and reliable technique has been reviewed which eliminates the need for fluoroscopic control of the madiopaque medium. Under general anesthesia the contrast material is fractionally instilled through an endotracheal tube and guided sequentially by gravity to all segmental bronchi of the lung. The patient9s color and respiration can be observed continuously throughout the procedure. Conventional roentgenograms are taken, and the medium is then removed by gravity and suction. If desired, the contralateral lung may next be visualized by analogous maneuvers. Bronchography by this method requires a team of two operators, anesthesiologist, radiology technician, and probably a surgeon. The team can be effectively integrated by a pediatrician interested in chest disease who serves as one of the operators. Fifty-eight bronchograms have been performed by this method in 52 children between the ages of 2 months and 13 years. Criteria are outlined for determination of the adequacy of bronchograms. These criteria have been applied to this series on a segmental basis with totals tabulated for lobes and lungs. Bronchograms of adequate or better diagnostic quality were obtained in approximately 85% of the 53 bronchograms available for review. Failure to visualize a segment may be due to disease of that segment or to several technical factors. These latter include either extreme of anesthetic depth, failure to position the patient properly, excessively caudal placement of the endotracheal tube, delivery of medium into the endotracheal tube rather than just distal to it, and procedural delays due to any cause. No deaths ascribable to the method have occurred. Complications in this series, however, have included cardiac arrest (one patient); bradycardia (one patient); and acute, transitory lobar atelectasis (three patients). These complications seem best related to airway obstruction by viscous contrast material.
Confinement of ions created externally in a penning ion trap

Abstract The use of a quadrupole ion trap to catch ions in flight and to trap them was investigated. The numerical results obtained indicate that in the Penning mode, in which the trapping forces are produced by d.c. electric and magnetic fields, the storage times are short. This mode is not suitable for trapping externally produced ions without an additional decelerating field gradient.
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus in Glaucoma

To assess glaucomatous damage to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, as well as to its magnocellular and parvocellular layers, we examined the autopsy sections of the lateral geniculate nucleus of individuals with and without glaucoma. Five patients with a documented history of glaucoma and five controls with no ophthalmic or chronic central nervous system disease were included in this study. Neurons were counted in autopsy sections of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Cells were counted in 40 random microscopic fields of the magnocellular and parvocellular layers respectively. The mean magnocellular cell density for the glaucoma group of 2.72 ± 0.13 cells per square millimeter (mean ± SEM) was significantly less than that for the control group of 3.76 ± 0.13 cells per square millimeter (P
Abstract 5376: Immunosuppressive T regs and MDSCs in human melanoma

Despite the ability to elicit active immune responses, most immunotherapies fail to eliminate tumors in human cancer patients. One reason immunotherapy has not met expectations may be due to immunosuppression in the local environment of the tumor. We have previously reported that untreated advanced-stage melanoma patients have increased numbers of peripheral T regs. In addition, exposure to melanoma cells in vitro expands T regs from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We have shown that melanoma-conditioned media have increased levels of TGF-beta, which may be responsible for the expansion of these suppressive cells in culture. Here we show that the number of peripheral T regs directly correlates with the amount of TGF-beta in the plasma of late-stage melanoma patients. We also show that melanoma patients have increased numbers of other suppressive cells, known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These MDSCs may further contribute to immunosuppression in advanced-stage melanoma patients. Finally, we show that the tumor-induced T regs and the T regs and MDSCs from the peripheral blood of melanoma patients suppress T cell responses in vitro, including proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxic activity. We are currently investigating whether MDSCs from melanoma patients contribute to the accumulation of T regs and whether immunotherapies used in the treatment of advanced-stage melanoma patients, particularly IL-2 and ipilimumab, affect their frequency or function. An understanding of the potential interaction between melanoma, MDSCs, and regulatory T cells will further our goal in identifying ways of blocking the function of these suppressive cells in melanoma patients to improve the effectiveness of future therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5376. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5376
Simulated ground motion in Santa Clara Valley, California, and vicinity from M≥6.7 scenario earthquakes

Abstract Models of the Santa Clara Valley (SCV) 3D velocity structure and 3D finite-difference software are used to predict ground motions from scenario earthquakes on the San Andreas (SAF), Monte Vista/Shannon, South Hayward, and Calaveras faults. Twenty different scenario ruptures are considered that explore different source models with alternative hypocenters, fault dimensions, and rupture velocities and three different velocity models. Ground motion from the full wave field up to 1 Hz is exhibited as maps of peak horizontal velocity and pseudospectral acceleration at periods of 1, 3, and 5 sec. Basin edge effects and amplification in sedimentary basins of the SCV are observed that exhibit effects from shallow sediments with relatively low shear-wave velocity (330 m/sec). Scenario earthquakes have been simulated for events with the following magnitudes: (1) M 6.8–7.4 Calaveras sources, (2) M 6.7–6.9 South Hayward sources, (3) M 6.7 Monte Vista/Shannon sources, and (4) M 7.1–7.2 Peninsula segment of the SAF sources. Ground motions are strongly influenced by source parameters such as rupture velocity, rise time, maximum depth of rupture, hypocenter, and source directivity. Cenozoic basins also exert a strong influence on ground motion. For example, the Evergreen Basin on the northeastern side of the SCV is especially responsive to 3–5-sec energy from most scenario earthquakes. The Cupertino Basin on the southwestern edge of the SCV tends to be highly excited by many Peninsula and Monte Vista fault scenarios. Sites over the interior of the Evergreen Basin can have long-duration coda that reflect the trapping of seismic energy within this basin. Plausible scenarios produce predominantly 5-sec wave trains with greater than 30 cm/sec sustained ground-motion amplitude with greater than 30 sec duration within the Evergreen Basin.
Neutrophil chemotactic activity in human gastric secretions.

• To study levels of neutrophil chemotactic activity in human gastric secretions, these secretions were collected via the endoscope during elective esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Fresh samples were then prepared for the neutrophil chemotactic assay with the use of human peripheral neutrophils in modified Boyden chambers. Mean maximum chemotactic activity was 45.8%±11.2% in patients with gastric inflammation compared with only 10.1%±4.2% in patients with normal results of endoscopic examination. The chemotactic factors responsible for this chemotactic activity may play a role in the recruitment of neutrophils to areas of gastric mucosal injury. ( Arch Surg . 1990;125:454-456)
An adherent nerve root – Classification and exercise therapy in a patient diagnosed with lumbar disc prolapse

In Denmark the McKenzie method is one approach frequently used by physical therapists treating back pain patients, including those with lumbar disc prolapse. Previous studies indicated that 83–88% of low back patients can be classified into one of the McKenzie syndromes and thereafter managed successfully with conservative care (May, 2004; Hefford, 2008). The most common classification was Derangement syndrome (80%), whereas Dysfunction syndrome was found in only 3–6% of patients (May, 2004; Hefford, 2008). A subgroup of the Dysfunction category is adherent nerve root (ANR) (McKenzie and May, 2003). Thus, the ANR subgroup is a relatively rare finding in low back patients and therefore difficult to conduct randomized clinical trials on (Ellis and Hing, 2008). No previous case reports have described McKenzie assessment and management of patients classified as ANR. The criteria for ANR classification are (McKenzie and May, 2003):
Barriers to Obtaining Waivers to Prescribe Buprenorphine for Opioid Addiction Treatment Among HIV Physicians

Background Illicit drug use is common among HIV-infected individuals. Buprenorphine enables physicians to simultaneously treat HIV and opioid dependence, offering opportunities to improve health outcomes. Despite this, few physicians prescribe buprenorphine.
Analysis of the antiferromagnetic phase transitions of the 2D Kondo lattice.

We study the antiferromagnetic quantum phase transition of a 2D Kondo-Heisenberg square lattice using the nonlinear sigma model. A renormalization group analysis of the competing Kondo-RKKY interaction is carried out to one-loop order in the $ϵ$ expansion, and a new quantum critical point (QCP) strongly affected by Kondo fluctuations is found. Near this QCP, the spin-wave velocity scales logarithmically, i.e., breakdown of hydrodynamic behavior, and the spin wave is logarithmically frozen out. The renormalization group results also allow us to propose a new phase diagram near the antiferromagnetic fixed point of this 2D Kondo lattice model.
Acute Confusional Migraine May Be a Presenting Feature of CADASIL

Objective.— Characterize the phenomenon of acute confusional migraine (ACM) among Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) patients and emphasize the possibility of CADASIL in adults with ACM. Background.— ACM, well described in children, has rarely been reported in adults. Although 30-60% of CADASIL patients have migraine, acute confusional state during migraine has not been described. We describe 7 patients with ACM that complicated up to 50% of the migraine episodes. Design/Methods.— Detailed neurologic evaluation was performed in 20 CADASIL patients; International Classification of Headache Disorders 2nd edition criteria were used to diagnose migraine. Results.— The mean age was 51 years. Fourteen patients reported headache and 11 met the criteria for migraine (mean age of onset 25). Seven patients experienced concomitant confusion, within 3 years of migraine onset. Confusion occurred either abruptly or insidiously, at the onset of aura or headache, lasting for 2-48 hours, and ending abruptly. These episodes were stereotypic, characterized by disorientation with agitation, and retrograde amnesia for the episodes. Patients reported disorientation to time and place, inability to recognize friends and relatives, difficulty with finding directions home, fear of getting lost, inability to analyze traffic lights or tell time. Patients reliably predicted the episodes and felt the need to seek a safe place for protection. Severity of the episodes progressed, but a striking improvement occurred after the first stroke. Conclusion.— ACM may be a presenting feature and important clue, enabling CADASIL to be recognized up to a decade or earlier than at present. Therefore, a brain MRI and/or testing for Notch3 mutations should be considered in adult patients with ACM.
The prospects of health and longevity from the inhibition of the Maillard reaction in vivo

Abstract The Maillard reaction and the formation of advanced glycation products (AGEs) have been associated with atherosclerosis, Alzheimer disease and the complications of diabetes, end stage renal disease and aging. Yet, it is unclear whether Maillard products are culprits or innocent bystanders in the disease process. One way to approach this question is to design interventions that specifically target each step of the Maillard reaction. These strategies are presented below.
A saturable-core modulation integrator

In signal transmission systems, employing suppressed-carrier modulated signals, it is often desirable to operate on the modulation in order to stabilize the system or alter its performance. The circuit discussed in this paper, an illustration of techniques employing saturable-core reactors that may be used for operating directly on the modulated carrier,1 is based on the ability of a saturable-core reactor to convert a voltage integral to a magnetic flux and store it until called for. The experimental circuit is an integrator with a direct voltage gain of approximately 100 and a time constant of 4 seconds.
Photodecomposition of retinyl palmitate in ethanol by UVA light-formation of photodecomposition products, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxides.

Photodecomposition of retinyl palmitate (RP), an ester and the storage form of vitamin A (retinol), in ethanol under UVA light irradiation was studied. The resulting photodecomposition products were separated by reversed-phase HPLC and identified by spectral analysis and comparison with the chromatographic and spectral properties of synthetically prepared standards. The identified products include 5,6-epoxy-RP, 4-keto-RP, 11-ethoxy-12-hydroxy-RP, 13-ethoxy-14-hydroxy-RP, anhydroretinol (AR), palmitic acid, ethyl palmitate, and four tentatively assigned cis and trans isomeric 15-ethoxy-ARs. AR was formed as a mixture of all-trans-AR, 6Z-cis-AR, 8Z-cis-AR, and 12Z-cis-AR with all-trans-AR predominating. 5,6-Epoxy-RP, 4-keto-RP, 11-ethoxy-12-hydroxy-RP, and 13-ethoxy-14-hydroxy-RP were also formed from reaction of RP with alkylperoxy radicals generated by thermal decomposition of 2,2‘-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile). Formation of these photodecomposition products was inhibited in the presence of sodium azi...
A robust algorithm for finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of 3 × 3 symmetric matrices

Abstract Many concepts in continuum mechanics are most easily understood in principal coordinates; using these concepts in a numerical analysis requires a robust algorithm for finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of 3 × 3 symmetric matrices. A robust algorithm for solving this eigenvalue problem is presented along with an analysis of the algorithm. The special case of two or three nearly identical eigenvalues is examined in detail using an asymptotic analysis. Numerical results are shown that compare this algorithm with existing methods found in the literature. The behavior of this algorithm is shown to be more reliable than the other methods with a minimal computational cost.
Investigation of deactivation mechanisms of ASC whetlerite charcoal

Abstract ASC whetlerite, prepared by the impregnation of CWS grade activated charcoal with ammoniacal carbonate solutions of copper(II), chromium(VI), and silver salts, is an effective material for the removal of many low-molecular-weight gases (e.g., cyanogen chloride and hydrogen cyanide) from air streams. Whetlerite loses its effectiveness when exposed to extremes in temperature and/or humidity or by excessive periods of usage. Associated with this deactivation/deterioration process are changes in metal oxidation state(s) and impregnant morphology. This investigation examines the behavior of the metal impregnants on ASC whetlerite when subject to certain extreme conditions and, as a result, develops an understanding of the deactivation mechanism(s) that occur. The deterioration of whetlerite due to thermal deactivating conditions as well as that due to exposure to hydrogen involves the decomposition of the supported CuOHNH 4 CrO 4 (basic copper ammonium chromate) species. This complex chromate decomposes into a CuOCuCr 2 O 4 (copper-chromite) species upon thermal treatments up to 490 K. At temperatures above 490 K the CuO (cupric oxide) sinters away from the chromite and is subsequently reduced to Cu 1+ -containing and Cu 0 species. When exposed to high humidities for long periods of time (i.e., more than 2 days) it is hypothesized that the whetlerite surface experiences a decrease in pH. This results in the supported CuOHNH 4 CrO 4 species converting to Cu 4 (OH) 6 CrO 4 (brochantite chromate). The brochantite chromate gradually decomposes into less complex crystalline compounds such as CuO, Cu 2 Cr 2 O 4 , and Cr 2 O 3 which are not effective for destroying irritating gases.
APFIM studies of the phase transformations in thermally aged ferritic FeCuNi alloys: comparison with aging under neutron irradiation

Abstract An atom probe field ion microscopy characterization has been performed on a ternary Fe1.28wt%Cu1.43wt%Ni model alloy. Two sets of heat treatments at 400 and 500°C were selected to follow the decomposition of the solid solution. The atom probe results suggest that the precipitation of copper from the body-centered cubic matrix involves classical nucleation, growth and coarsening processes. Nickel does not appear to be involved in these processes. The nickel and iron detected in the small particles in the early stage is rejected from the particles during subsequent growth and coarsening. The comparison of these data with those observed in neutron-irradiated pressure vessel steels and in Fe0.28wt%Cu0.7wt%Ni model steel indicates that thermal aging of ternary FeCuNi model alloys is not an appropriate process to elucidate the phase transformations in neutron-irradiated pressure vessel steels, and that the high nickel level detected in the clusters in the irradiated pressure vessel steels may be due to a “radiation-induced” rather than a “radiation-enhanced” precipitation process.
Bayesian Analysis of the Linear Model Subject to Linear Inequality Constraints

Abstract This article considers the general linear model when the parameter space is subject to linear inequality constraints. A Bayesian analysis of this model is presented using a natural conjugate prior of the mixed type. Expressions are given for the probability that constraints are binding and for the distribution of the parameters. When prior information about the parameters is vague, the Bayesian and sampling methods of model selection are compared. The techniques are applied to a time series of temperatures of a chemical reaction.
DNA single-strand breaks in kidneys of Syrian hamsters treated with steroidal estrogens: hormone-induced free radical damage preceding renal malignancy.

The chronic administration of estradiol by subcutaneous (s.c.) implantation into male Syrian hamsters induces kidney tumors. Free radicals generated by redox cycling between catecholestrogens and their quinones have been proposed to damage DNA and to thus mediate renal hormone-induced carcinogenesis. As part of an examination of this postulate, we assayed by a filter elution technique DNA single-strand breaks in livers and kidneys of male hamsters treated with estrogen by single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, by s.c. implant or by continuous infusion and compared values to those in untreated controls. The DNAs of hamster liver and kidney were not affected by one i.p. injection of 5, 15 or 150 mg/kg estradiol. However, treatment of hamsters with one 25 mg estradiol implant/animal for 2 weeks elevated by 10% the levels of DNA single-strand breaks in kidney, but only to a minor extent in liver, which is not a target of estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. An infusion of 250 micrograms/day/animal of estradiol or 4-hydroxyestradiol for one week by osmotic pumps into hamsters resulted in a comparable increase of single-strand breaks in kidney DNA, whereas 2-hydroxyestradiol under these conditions had a negligible effect. It is concluded that the induction of DNA single-strand breakage by either estradiol or 4-hydroxyestradiol in hamster kidney supports a mechanism of estrogen-induced carcinogenesis by free radical generation via redox cycling between 4-hydroxyestradiol and its corresponding quinone.
Javiva: a tool for visualizing and validating student-written Java programs

The ability to think abstractly about the components of a computer program is critical for computer science students. A student who has not yet developed this ability tends to view a program as an unstructured collection of statements and expressions. Introductory computer science textbooks promote the use of pre-conditions, post-conditions, and abstraction functions as techniques for fostering abstract thinking. Existing programming languages and tools, however, do not generally support these techniques. Consequently, we have built and are beginning to experiment with Javiva. Javiva extracts pre-conditions, post-conditions, and abstraction functions---included as stylized comments in Java source files---and uses them to create instrumented class files. When these instrumented class files are run, they automatically diagnose and report violations by methods of pre- and post-conditions. These classes also exploit abstraction functions to automatically produce abstract visualizations of their objects.
Implications of 3-dimensional target shape and motion in aperture design

To determine the shape of a radiation beam aperture a margin is typically applied to the clinical target volume (CTV) to yield the planning target volume (PTV), and the aperture is then determined from the projection of the PTV onto the aperture plane. This margin accounts for setup variability and organ motion originating from respiration or other physiologic processes. The use of either a uniform margin, or alternatively one which takes into account only the expected magnitude and direction of target motion, fails to account for the three-dimensional nature of the target; such a method neglects the volumetric effect of target shape on the fractional target volume irradiated when the target shifts partially out of the aperture. A mathematical framework is developed to analyze and illustrate the consequences of irradiating an irregular target shape in the presence of target motion. The effect of target shape on volume coverage is demonstrated for selected cases involving conventional BEV aperture design techniques. The volumetric implications of target shape are considered from two complementary points of view. The first involves transformation into a "displacement space," which isolates the volumetric effect of the shape of the target allowing it to be studied independently of the probability distribution of target motion. The second point of view combines the effects of the 3D target shape and the probability distribution of motion in a manner independent of beam direction to yield a 3D "target distribution." The two points of view represent distinct starting points for computation of the expected value of fractional target volume coverage in the presence of target motion. In certain cases it may be beneficial to (1) employ "target distributions" for the target and normal tissues in place of the conventional static PTV and, (2) include the aperture shape, on equal footing with parameters such as beam weights and energies, into a quantitative optimization process explicitly accounting for uncertainties in the position of the target volume and critical structures.