cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why Do Divalent Metal Ions Either Promote or Inhibit Enzymatic Reactions? THE CASE OF BamHI RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE FROM COMBINED QUANTUM-CLASSICAL SIMULATIONS

Divalent metal ions are essential to many enzymatic reactions involving nucleic acids, but their critical and specific role still needs to be uncovered. Restriction endonucleases are a prominent group of such metal-requiring enzymes. Large scale accurate simulations of Mg- and Ca-BamHI elucidate the mechanism of the catalytic reaction leading to DNA cleavage and show that it involves the concerted action of two metal ions and water molecules. It is also established that what is decisive for the dramatically different behavior of magnesium (a cocatalyst) and calcium (an inhibitor) are kinetic factors and not the properties of the prereactive states of the enzymes. A new perspective is opened for the understanding of the functional role of metal ions in biological processes.
Radical surgical resection and high-dose intraoperative radiation therapy (HDR-IORT) in patients with recurrent gynecologic cancers.

Abstract Objective: To determine the outcome for patients with recurrent gynecologic tumors treated with radical resection and combined high-dose intraoperative radiation therapy (HDR-IORT). Methods and Materials: Between November 1993 and June 1998, 17 patients with recurrent gynecologic malignancies underwent radical surgical resection and high-dose-rate brachytherapy. The mean age of the study group was 49 years (range 28–72 years). The site of the primary tumor was the cervix in 9 (53%) patients, the uterus in 7 (41%) patients, and the vagina in 1 (6%) patient. The treatment for the primary disease was surgery with or without adjuvant radiation in 14 (82%) patients and definitive radiation in 3 (18%) patients. The current surgery consisted of exenterative surgery in 10 (59%) patients and tumor resection in 7 (41%) patients. Complete gross resection was achieved in 13 (76%) patients. The mean HDR-IORT dose was 14 Gy (range 12–15). Additional radiation in the form of permanent Iodine-125 implant was given to 3 of 4 patients with gross residual disease. The median peripheral dose was 140 Gy. Results: With a median follow-up of 20 months (range 3–65 months), the 3-year actuarial local control (LC) rate was 67%. In patients with complete gross resection, the 3-year LC rate was 83%, compared to 25% in patients with gross residual disease, p Conclusion: Radical surgical resection and combined IORT for patients with recurrent gynecologic tumors seems to provide a reasonable local-control rate in patients who have failed prior surgery and/or definitive radiation. Patient selection is very important, however, as only those patients with complete gross resection at completion of surgery appear to benefit most from this radical approach in the salvage setting.
Efficient Querying and Resource Management Using Distributed Presence Information in Converged Networks

Next-generation converged networks shall deliver many innovative services over the standardized SIPbased IMS signaling infrastructure. Several such services exploit the joint presence information of a consumer, i.e. SIP entity requesting a service, and a vendor, i.e. SIP resource providing a service. Presence information is a collection of contextual attributes (e.g. location, availability, reputation), some of which change dynamically. Moreover, this collective presence information is distributed across multiple presence servers. While performing query matching based on joint presence information, a server usually routes each query to a locally available resource. However, skews in the spatio-temporal distribution of queries and resources may require queries to be routed to alternate servers with available resources. We propose a novel Resource-Aware Query Routing scheme, called RAQR, where each server proactively establishes gradients to suitable servers via a diffusion-based algorithm. Gradients are set up whenever a server anticipates scarcity of resources and withdrawn when the resource crunch is mitigated. We compare RAQR with alternative resource matching schemes and show that it adapts to spatio-temporal variations in resource availability, thereby leading to effective query matching with minimal control overhead.
Isoprenoid Biosynthesis as a Drug Target: Bisphosphonate Inhibition of Escherichia coli K12 Growth and Synergistic Effects of Fosmidomycin

We screened a library of 117 bisphosphonates for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The most potent growth inhibitors where the N-[methyl(4-phenylalkyl)]-3-aminopropyl-1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonates, known potent bone resorption inhibitors, and there was a generally good correlation between cell growth inhibition and E. coli farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) inhibition. However, some potent FPPS inhibitors had no activity in cell growth inhibition, and based on the result of Catalyst pharmacophore modeling, this could be attributed to the requirement of a large hydrophobic feature for cellular activity (due most likely to transport). The activity of the most potent compound, N-[methyl(4-phenylbutyl)]-3-aminopropyl-1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonate (13), was strongly potentiated by the drug fosmidomycin. The transcription profiles for 13 or fosmidomycin alone were different from those found with carbenicillin or ciprofloxacin alone, but there were many similarities between the combination (13−fo...
Vision‐Based Automated Crack Detection for Bridge Inspection

The visual inspection of bridges demands long inspection time and also makes it difficult to access all areas of the bridge. This paper presents a visual-based crack detection technique for the automatic inspection of bridges. The technique collects images from an aerial camera to identify the presence of damage to the structure. The images are captured without controlling angles or positioning of cameras so there is no need for calibration. This allows the extracting of images of damage sensitive areas from different angles to increase detection of damage and decrease false-positive errors. The images can detect cracks regardless of the size or the possibility of not being visible. The effectiveness of this technique can be used to successfully detect cracks near bolts.
Adding Spatially-Correlated Errors Can Mess Up the Fixed Effect You Love

Many statisticians have had the experience of fitting a linear model with uncorrelated errors, then adding a spatially-correlated error term (random effect) and finding that the estimates of the fixed-effect coefficients have changed substantially. We show that adding a spatially-correlated error term to a linear model is equivalent to adding a saturated collection of canonical regressors, the coefficients of which are shrunk toward zero, where the spatial map determines both the canonical regressors and the relative extent of the coefficients’ shrinkage. Adding a spatially-correlated error term can also be seen as inflating the error variances associated with specific contrasts of the data, where the spatial map determines the contrasts and the extent of error-variance inflation. We show how to avoid this spatial confounding by restricting the spatial random effect to the orthogonal complement (residual space) of the fixed effects, which we call restricted spatial regression. We consider five proposed in...
Using Stories to Reframe the Social Construction of Reality: A Trio of Activities:

This article first presents the theoretical grounding for both storytelling and the social construction of reality. A sequence of classroom-tested tools for combining stories with reality construction is then described. Two tools for framing reality are offered: One is an actual frame that students take out of the classroom to frame a scene in different ways; the other requires students to frame two different segments of a photographic advertisement. In both exercises, students tell (either orally or in writing) the two different stories (perceptions of reality) they discovered. The third activity involves requiring students to gather stories and then retell them to classmates from the original story-teller’s perspective thus experiencing the reality of the original teller as well as discovering what their storytelling partner heard. The article concludes with a discussion of student responses.
Evolution of a landslide-induced sediment wave in the Navarro River, California

A streamside landslide delivered 60 000 m3 of mixed-size sediment to the Navarro River, a sinuous gravel-bed channel (drainage area 535 km2), at the end of the annual high-runoff period in spring 1995. The deposit formed a 9-m-high dam that partially breached within several hours, but recessional flows entrained little material until the following high-runoff season. The landslide afforded the opportunity to measure the evolution of a sediment wave from its inception to near-obliteration and, particularly, to test relative tendencies for translation and dispersion of a sediment wave in a natural gravel-bed channel. This study represents a simple case: The wave originated from a single input, the preexisting channel was relatively uniform, and resistant banks prevented adjustments in width. We surveyed channel topography over a 1.5‐4.5 km reach centered on the landslide dam each year from 1995 to 1999, and we sampled bed material downstream of the dam in 1995 and 1997. Landslide material was coarser than ambient bed material, but all sizes were mobilized by subsequent peak flows. Abrasion of weathered and fractured graywacke sandstone landslide material was roughly an order of magnitude greater than the ambient river gravel. The sediment wave dispersed and mostly disappeared within a few years with no measurable translation. Sediment filled the reservoir created by the eroding landslide dam until throughput of bed load was restored in 1998. The stationary wave crest eroded until in 1999 it was 1 m higher *E-mail: dsutherl@fs.fed.us. than the preslide elevation. As the wave profile flattened, its detectable leading edge extended downstream from 620 m in 1995 to 1600 m in 1997. Downstream advance of the wave was associated with coarsening of bed material. The sediment wave created a longitudinal disturbance in sediment transport. By using the dam as a reference datum of zero bed-load transport, we computed longitudinal variations in annual bed-load and suspended-sediment transport rates in 100 m increments downstream of the dam. These longitudinal variations were controlled by scour and fill of the bed and by abrasion of bed-load particles. Bed-load transport rates in the first and second years after the landslide increased in the landslide vicinity and then decreased downstream as sediment deposited behind the advancing leading edge of the wave. The location of peak bed-load transport rate advanced from the first year (400 m) to the second (800 m). We used a physically based, one-dimensional model (Cui et al., 2002b) to hindcast annual changes in transversely averaged bed elevation over the study reach. Agreement between measured and predicted bed elevations was very good. This result supports our conclusion that, once emplaced, sediment waves in gravel-bed rivers tend to disperse, with little or no translation.
A multiplexed electrospray process for single-step synthesis of stabilized polymer particles for drug delivery

While conventional methods for biodegradable particle production rely predominately on batch, emulsion preparation methods, an alternative process based on multiplexed electrospray (ES) can offer distinct advantages. These include enhanced encapsulation efficiency of hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents, scale-up potential, tight control over particle size and excellent particulate reproducibility. Here we developed a well-controlled ES process to synthesize coated biodegradable polymer particles. We demonstrate this process with the Poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) system encapsulating amphiphilic agents such as doxorubicin (DOX), Rhodamine B (RHO(B)) and Rhodamine B octadecyl ester perchlorate (RHO(BOEP)). We show that in a single-step flow process particles can be made encapsulating the agent with high efficiency and coated either with emulsifiers that stabilize them in solution or that may facilitate further functionalization for targeted drug delivery. The coating process allows for the surface modification of the particles without further changes in particle size or morphology, and with minimal loss of drug (>94% encapsulation efficiency). This synthesis technique is well suited for massive scale-up using microfabricated, multiplexed arrays consisting of multiple electrospray nozzles operating in parallel. A simple analytical model of the diffusion of the encapsulated agent within the polymer reveals two distinct phases in the cumulative release profile: a first phase in which the release is dominated by diffusion and a second phase with a slower release related to the erosion of the polymer matrix. The first, diffusion-driven stage is highly affected by particle agglomeration properties, whereas the second one shows a much less pronounced dependence on particle size. Modeling suggests that the size of the particles will substantially influence the initial burst in both the percentage of drug released and the rate at which it is released. It will also affect to a smaller extent the secondary slow and sustained release. Our study highlights the importance of tight control over particle size and morphology and the avoidance of particle aggregation for control over the release kinetics and formulation repeatability.
Statics, Stability And Vibration Of Non-prismatic Beams And Columns

Abstract An algorithm that evaluates the static, stability and vibration response of non-prismatic beams and columns is presented. Matrix equations are derived that can be readily included in existing computer programs on the analyses of 2-D and 3-D framed structures with prismatic and non-prismatic members. The proposed algorithm is unique because it shows that any consistent matrix (mass, damping, geometric, incremental, load vectors, etc.) of a non-prismatic straight beam can be obtained directly from its basic stiffness coefficients (four coefficients for a 2-D case or eight for a 3-D case). The proposed algorithm finds great applicability in: (1) the static, dynamic and stability analyses of framed structures made up of tapered members; (2) the static and stability analysis of framed structures supported on non-uniform elastic foundations including piles in which the soil stiffness varies with the depth; (3) static analyses of cylindrical tanks of variable wall thickness and supported on non-uniform foundations; and (4) the eigenvalue and dynamic analyses of framed structures under free-free conditions. It is shown in this paper that the analyses (static, dynamic and stability) of framed structures with non-prismatic and prismatic members under any loading and support conditions can be carried out once the main stiffness coefficients are determined. Numerical examples on the statics, stability and dynamics of non-prismatic beams are included for easy verification and compared with available results from other analytical methods to show the power of the proposed algorithm.
High-frequency measurement of seawater chemistry: Flow-injection analysis of macronutrients

We adapted a commercially available flow-injection autoanalyzer (Lachat Quik-Chem 8000) to measure seawater nitrate concentrations at a rate of nearly 0.1 Hz and phosphate and silicate concentrations at a rate half that. Several minor improvements, including reduced sample-loop size, high sample flushing rate, modified carrier chemistry, and use of peak height rather than peak area as a proxy for nutrient concentration aided in the increase in sampling rate. The most significant improvement, however, was the construction of a copperized cadmium NO 3 ‐ reduction column that had a high surface area to volume ratio and a stable packing geometry. Preliminary results from a cruise in the Ross Sea in austral spring of 1997 are shown. Precision of all three analyses is better than 1%. Comparison of the nutrient concentrations determined by the rapid analysis method described here with traditional discrete analyses shows that nitrate and silicate determined by the two approaches are within a few percent of each other, but that the phosphate concentrations determined by the rapid analysis are as much as 10% lower than those determined by the discrete analyses.
Monoclonal antibody-purged bone marrow transplantation therapy for multiple myeloma

This report describes the clinical characteristics, treatment associated toxicity, and follow-up of fifty-eight patients with plasma cell--dyscrasias treated with high dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation (TBI) at a single institution. Following TBI, 36 patients received anti-B cell monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-treated autologous bone marrow, 21 patients received anti-CD6 cell MoAb-treated allogeneic bone marrow to deplete T cells, and one patient received unpurged bone marrow from a syngeneic donor. Evaluation after high dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) demonstrated 26 complete responses (CR), 26 partial responses (PR), 2 non-responders, 1 not yet evaluated, and three toxic deaths. Fourteen of 36 patients who underwent autologous BMT are alive free from progression at 18 (range 5 to 68) months post transplant (post-BMT); of these, 11 remain in continuous complete response at 16 (range 5 to 68) months post-BMT. Seven of 21 patients who underwent allogeneic BMT are alive free from progression at 30 (range 4 to 44) months post-BMT; of these, three patients remain in continuous complete response at 43 (range 33 to 45) months post-BMT. These data suggest that high dose chemotherapy with TBI followed by MoAb purged BM can be performed with acceptable toxicity and high tumor response rates.
Creativity and thinking according to cognition-language-music model

Functions of conceptual cognition, emotions, language, and music in creativity and thinking are analyzed. Much of interactions between these abilities and functions are unconscious. Consciousness keeps us under illusion of continuous conscious presence in the world, in which we mostly understand causes and consequences in everyday life. Only scientific analysis could reveal most fundamental aspects of self. The paper analyses several mechanisms of the mind, which suggest that thinking is not always as autonomous and thoughtful as might be felt subjectively. A significant part of thinking processes might run on autopilot guided by language without much cognition. Creative roles of emotions are considered. Mathematical models and cognitive experiments are analyzed and experimentally verifiable hypotheses formulated.
Comprehensive characterization of malignant phyllodes tumor by whole genomic and proteomic analysis: biological implications for targeted therapy opportunities

Phyllodes tumors are uncommon breast tumors that account for less than 0.5% of all breast malignancies. After metastases develop, the prognosis is poor, with very few patients living more than 1 year. The biology of this unusual cancer is not understood and, consequently, no potential targets for treatments are currently available. There has been an exponential increase in the number of commercially available tumor profiling services. Herein, we report a case of metastatic malignant phyllodes tumor for which a comprehensive molecular analysis was performed by using Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified labs, providing new insights into the potential opportunities for molecularly targeted therapies for this extremely rare disease. Next-generation sequencing was performed by using the FoundationOne™ platform (Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA). Whole-genome array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) was performed by using the DNAarray™ (CombiMatrix Diagnostics, Irvine, CA). Immunohistochemical and morphoproteomics analysis were performed at Consultative proteomics®, The University of Texas, UT Health Medical School, Houston,TX (Robert E Brown Lab); Clarient Diagnostics, Aliso Viejo, CA; and Caris Life Sciences Target one, Irving, TX, USA. Next-generation sequencing showed 3 aberrant genes: activating mutation Q61L on NRAS; inactivating mutations Q504* and K740* on RB1; and TP53 loss. Whole-genome array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) revealed amplifications of chromosome (chr.) 1 (CKS1B gene), chr. 8 (MYC gene), and chr. 9 (CDKN2A gene) Deletions of chr. 17 (TP53), chr. 10 (GATA3), chr. 11 (FGF4 and CCND1 genes), and chr.22 (PDGFβ). Immunohistochemical analysis for relevant markers showed a positive staining for transducing-like enhancer of split (TLE) 3; secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) was expressed at 2-3+ in the cytoplasm of the tumors cells, whereas mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was expressed up to 2+ in the nuclei of the tumor cells. We describe for the first time an NRAS mutation with concomitant activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR in phyllodes tumor. We also found markers for sensitivity to taxane-based therapies, especially albumin-bound paclitaxel. Exploring the biology of rare malignancies by CLIA certified labs may be reasonable strategy for the development of targeted treatments.
Visualization Collaborations: What Works and Why

For over 25 years, the visualization community has grown and evolved as a function of collaboration with other areas. It's now commonplace for visualization scientists to engage with other researchers in scientific teams. Commonplace, however, doesn't mean easy. Two visualization researchers' years of experience have led to a set of observations and recommendations on what works (and what doesn't) and why in visualization collaborations. These insights can help guide the visualization community as it moves forward.
Model-data comparisons of shear waves in the nearshore

[1] Observations of shear waves, alongshore propagating meanders of the mean alongshore current with periods of a few minutes and alongshore wavelengths of a few hundred meters, are compared with model predictions based on numerical solutions of the nonlinear shallow water equations. The model (after Ozkan-Haller and Kirby (1999)) assumes alongshore homogeneity and temporally steady wave forcing and neglects wave-current interactions, eddy mixing, and spatial variation of the (nonlinear) bottom drag coefficient. Although the shapes of observed and modeled shear wave velocity spectra differ, and root-mean-square velocity fluctuations agree only to within a factor of about 3, aspects of the cross-shore structure of the observed (∼0.5–1.0 m above the seafloor) and modeled (vertically integrated) shear waves are qualitatively similar. Within the surf zone, where the mean alongshore current (V) is strong and shear waves are energetic, observed and modeled shear wave alongshore phase speeds agree and are close to both V and Clin (the phase speed of linearly unstable modes) consistent with previous results. Farther offshore, where V is weak and observed and modeled shear wave energy levels decay rapidly, modeled and observed C diverge from Clin and are close to the weak alongshore current V. The simulations suggest that the alongshore advection of eddies shed from the strong, sheared flow closer to shore may contribute to the offshore decrease in shear wave phase speeds. Similar to the observations, the modeled cross- and alongshore shear wave velocity fluctuations have approximately equal magnitude, and the modeled vorticity changes sign across the surf zone.
Denominators for the Poincaré series of invariants of small matrices

We determine explicit denominators for the Poincare series of (a) the invariants ofm genericN ×N matrices, and (b) the ring generated bym genericN ×N matrices and their traces, forN≤4. ForN≤3 we prove (and forN=4 we conjecture) that the denominators we obtain are of minimum degree. We also give explicit rational fractions for both series for small values ofm andN.
THE SURFACE TENSION OF AMNIOTIC FLUID.

Abstract A detailed description is given of a new modification of the maximal bubble pressure method for surface tension determination. The method was used on 50 specimens of amniotic fluid from term pregnancies. Surface tension at 37° C. was found to be 69.5 ± 0.4 dynes per centimeter. The consequences of this high value are discussed.
A pricing mechanism using social media and web data to infer dynamic consumer valuations

The tides of sentiments expressed in online social media rise and fall. In recent years, the availability of big data has afforded researchers the ability to develop and evaluate techniques that allow us to identify, classify, aggregate, and even predict the sentiment dynamics for nearly any topic [1], [2]. The users of online social media platforms like Twitter are able to create, propagate, and consume information pertaining to any conceivable topic, and in doing so, they influence each other's opinions and behavior. Herding behavior and online sentiment are mutually reinforcing, and have been shown to influence consumer purchasing decisions [3], [4].
Critical evaluation of animal models for localization-related epilepsies

There are many forms of human partial seizures and many human localization-related epilepsies. Idiopathic epilepsies undoubtedly have pathophysiologic substrates different from those of symptomatic epilepsies, and there is evidence that some forms of limbic epilepsy involve different epileptogenic mechanisms than neocortical epilepsies. Although these mechanisms are best studied and understood by direct investigations of patients, this is often impractical and experimental animal models are also necessary. The use of experimental animals requires that the relevance of each model to a human condition be determined. Human epilepsies are comprised of multiple component parts which can be modeled independently. For instance, acute animal models provide opportunities to study epileptic seizures, but chronic models are necessary for investigation of processes relevant to epileptic conditions, such as epileptogenesis, transition from interictal to ictal state, and long-term consequences of epilepsy. Interactions between localized epileptic activity and cerebral maturation can also be studied in the animal laboratory. Experimental animal models of human partial seizures and localization-related epilepsies can be used to further investigations on basic mechanisms that cannot be pursued in patients, and to develop hypotheses concerning the fundamental neuronal processes underlying epilepsy and epilepsy-related phenomena that subsequently can be validated in patients. In addition, it would be of great clinical utility to develop animal models of partial seizures or localization-related epilepsy that could be used cost-effectively to screen potential antiepileptic drugs.
Effects of heterophil adaptation on Salmonella enteritidis fecal shedding and egg contamination.

SUMMARY. Serial passage of wild-type Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in chicken heterophils resulted in decreased shedding of SE in chicken feces and reduced egg contamination. When serially heterophil-passaged strains (heterophil-adapted SE [HASE]) were given to groups of 12 or more laying hens in drinking water at a dose of 108 colony-forming units for 3 consecutive days, the inoculum persisted in the feces at low frequenty for a few days only. Two challenge wild-type strains, given in similar manner, persisted in feces at high frequency for 25 days or longer. The persistence of challenge strains in hens previously exposed to HASE was considerably shorter and occurred less frequently than persistence and frequency in challenge control hens. HASE strains were not isolated from any of 494 eggs laid after exposure to HASE. The challenge strain was isolated from 15 of 208 eggs (7.2%) after challenge of control hens and never from 461 eggs laid after challenge of "vaccinated" hens. I concluded that HASE clones obtained by five or more cycles of heterophil phagocytosis were avirulent and immunogenic.
The Place of Planning in Social Dynamics

T HE student of social change can do no better, it would seem to me, than continually to remind himself that society exists both as product and as process. If the energies of men are merged and channeled in a hundred different processes to result in a hundred different social products, we can assert that the process is essentially one of change, but the product is essentially one of social order. Continuous changes are thus essential to the maintenance of an adjusting and readjusting social organization. In the ongoing trend of society the process is social change, but the end-product is the development of social order. In such an analysis it is customary to point out an economic process which produces the economic equilibrium, a cultural process which hands down the cultural heritage, and a political process which serves to focus the energies of men on the decisions that must be made as new issues anrise. Certainly in the Aristotelian sense politics is the policy-maling process. It is within the framework of social dynamics that the concept of social planning finds its place.' If society were static, as it obviously is not, social planning would have the task of changing the social order from one state of inertia to another. Just as there is no final stage of order at which we presume social dynamics will halt, there is no final plan with which the process of planning will cease. Planning is both product and process and from the dynamic point of view, the process is of greater importance than any particular product. While planning represents an important reaction against the static view of society, it has met varied responses from both the students and the proponents of social change. In a foreword to a valuable book on social planning we read these words of dissent by Herbert Read:
NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES AND BRIDGES UNDER CROSS WINDS WITH THE CONSIDERATION OF VEHICLE MOVING

The exact identification of the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles and bridges is the premise for the coupling vibration analysis of a wind-vehicle-bridge system.At present,the relative motion between vehicles and bridges was ignored in most researches.It is difficult for wind tunnel tests to simulate the moving of a vehicle and to measure the aerodynamic forces of vehicles and bridges under cross winds respectively.The aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles and bridges under cross winds with the consideration of vehicles moving are investigated by using the dynamic mesh method of computational fluid dynamics(CFD) in this paper.The dependence of aerodynamic forces on vehicle speeds was determined and the interaction of aerodynamic forces between vehicles and bridges and the influence of the turbulence were investigated.The results showed that the vehicle speed and the interaction of aerodynamic forces between the vehicle and bridge had great influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles and bridges.The turbulence also had some influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles and bridges.In the end,comparing and analyzing the pressure and velocity contour of the three cases(cases 1,2 and 3),the interaction mechanism of the aerodynamic forces between vehicles and bridges were discussed.
Determination of placental location with technetium-99M.

Localization of the placenta by photo and color dot scanning, with technetium-99M–albumin, was performed in 50 patients. This technique was found to be as accurate as the other radioisotopic method. In 17 cases of possible placenta previa the placenta was demonstrated in 16 cases. The only failure was in a patient with a succenturiate lobe placenta previa. This technique was found to be highly accurate during the second and early portion of the third trimester. However, because of the short half-life and unavailability of 99 M-Tc–albumin, this technique has limited application and currently is restricted to cases in which the RISA placentogram is unsatisfactory.
Controlling thermal uniformity among LED chips assembly packages for high-power solid state lighting

We report on the thermal analysis of high-power LED arrays used for solid state lighting (SSL). Variety of assemblies using high-power LED chips, were considered along with different heat-sink designs. Chip-on-plate (COP) packaging technique was used for all the LED chips attached to variety of heat-sinks. The 3D modeling and simulations were carried out to study the thermal behavior of LED chips. The cause of non-uniform chips temperature was analyzed based on thermal resistance circuit (TRC) model and thermal diffusion equations. Comparative study of our simulation results showed that conventional packages can cause temperature differences up to ~7 °C among the chip-array elements at operating at 1.25 W. The temperature difference was found to be less than 1°C for our enhanced assembly design. These findings are of great importance in designing larger LED array packages where thermal uniformity effects would be much significant for color rendering and lifetime.
Situating Educational Leaders as Prophetic Critics in Black Popular Culture

ABSTRACTThis article situates educational leaders as prophetic critics in Black popular culture. These leaders merge cultural criticism with moral and political judgment, analyzing urban youths’ lived experiences and representational practices as well as analyzing counter-narrative texts in Black popular culture that have implications for urban education. As new world bricoleurs, these educational leaders use a multi-vocal, polyphonic approach in Black popular culture to disrupt a Western culture of homogeneity that is less culturally responsive to the dynamic struggles Black youth face in urban communities. In addition, as critical organic catalysts, they locate life-pressing public concerns within subcultural communities of resistance as relevant knowledge to organize a radical democratic politics in educational leadership.
Zero Quantum Coherence in a Series of Covalent Spin-Correlated Radical Pairs

Photoinitiated subnanosecond electron transfer within covalently linked electron donor–acceptor molecules can result in the formation of a spin-correlated radical pair (SCRP) with a well-defined initial singlet spin configuration. Subsequent coherent mixing between the SCRP singlet and triplet ms = 0 spin states, the so-called zero quantum coherence (ZQC), is of potential interest in quantum information processing applications because the ZQC can be probed using pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (pulse-EPR) techniques. Here, pulse-EPR spectroscopy is utilized to examine the ZQC oscillation frequencies and ZQC dephasing in three structurally well-defined D–A systems. While transitions between the singlet and triplet ms = 0 spin states are formally forbidden (Δms = 0), they can be addressed using specific microwave pulse turning angles to map information from the ZQC onto observable single quantum coherences. In addition, by using structural variations to tune the singlet–triplet energy gap, the ZQC fre...
Citizenship and inequality in a global age

Although the notion of national citizenship has long held the promise of equal membership, it has proved less useful in a world of circulating cultures, people, and loyalties through money, media, and migration. The increasing mobility of capital and people across national borders compels us to conceptualize welfare and inequality at the global level. Although the enforcement of citizen rights remains within the purview of the nation-state, the source of these rights can no longer be firmly placed within the national framework. From cosmopolitan imaginations to postnational research, contemporary configurations of citizenship trace their legitimacy to global discourses that increasingly challenge the national order of citizenship. Yet current transformations in citizenship also point to the possibility of new inequalities, particularly, when nation-states are increasingly able to modulate the rights they make available to immigrants, and differentiate among refugees, professionals, and investors among many other categories of people.
New Keynesians, Post Keynesians and History

The New Keynesian research programme possesses a number of features which are not unattractive to Post Keynesians. New Keynesians reject policy ineffectiveness, laissez-faire New Classical economics, and argue that the economy can lock into underemployment equilibria. New Keynesians allow for asymmetric information, imperfect competition, adjustment costs, externalities, strategic complementarity and increasing returns, and in some instances emphasize institutions and conventions. Yet New Keynesianism also possesses features Post Keynesians are generally critical of, including the standard subjective probability framework, rational expectations, the ISLM model, an insistence on microfoundations for macroeconomics, a reliance on traditional optimizing behavioural analysis, and little interest in Keynes’s own thinking. In contrast, Post Keynesians emphasize true uncertainty regarding the future, reject rational expectations, regard the ISLM model as artificial and static, call for macrofoundations for microeconomics, argue for richer accounts of individual economic behaviour, and draw often on Keynes’s own thinking.
Endoscopy: Nitrous oxide sedation for colonoscopy—no laughing matter

Moderate sedation is typically used during lower gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures. Deep sedation with propofol is becoming widespread but carries the risk of cardiorespiratory depression. Nitrous oxide is an inhaled sedative administered routinely in dentistry that might prove to be a safe option for sedation during lower gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Si3N4 -SiC Whisker Composite Material

Brittleness is the weakest point of ceramics when they are used as structural component such as a diesel engine or a gas turbine. One of the ways to improve the toughness of ceramics is the “fiber-reinforcement”. Recent studies have revealed the potentiality of ceramic composite as an advanced material. The fibers used in the FRC (Fiber Reinforced Ceramics) can either sustain the applied stress or absorb the fracture energy through being pulled out and deflecting crack propagation.
Attenuation of NF-κB in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Sufficient to Mitigate the Bone Loss Comorbidity of Experimental Mouse Colitis

Skeletal abnormalities are common comorbidities of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients suffering from IBD, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, present with skeletal complications. However, the mechanism underpinning IBD-associated bone loss remains vague. Intestinal inflammation generates an inflammatory milieu at the intestinal epithelium that leads to dysregulation of mucosal immunity through gut-residing innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and other cell types. ILCs are recently identified mucosal cells considered as the gatekeeper of gut immunity and their function is regulated by intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-secreted cytokines in response to the inflammatory microenvironment. We first demonstrate that serum as well as IECs collected from the intestine of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice contain high levels of inflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokines. Mechanistically, heightened inflammatory response of IECs was associated with significant intrinsic activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) in IECs and increased frequency of ILC1, ILC3, and myeloid osteoclast progenitors. Validating the central role of IEC-specific NF-κB activation in this phenomenon, conditional expression of constitutively active inhibitor kappa B kinase 2 (IKK2) in IECs in mice recapitulates the majority of the cellular, inflammatory, and osteolytic phenotypes observed in the chemically induced colitis. Furthermore, conditional deletion of IKK2 from IECs significantly attenuated inflammation and bone loss in DSS-induced colitis. Finally, using the DSS-induced colitis model, pharmacologic inhibition of IKK2 was effective in reducing frequency of ILC1 and ILC3 cells, attenuated circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, and halted colitis-associated bone loss. Our findings identify IKK2 in IECs as viable therapeutic target for colitis-associated osteopenia.
Record High-Proximity-Induced Anomalous Hall Effect in (BixSb1-x)2Te3 Thin Film Grown on CrGeTe3 Substrate

Quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) can only be realized at extremely low temperatures in magnetically doped topological insulators (TIs) due to limitations inherent with the doping process. In an...
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PYOVERDIN PIGMENT PRODUCED BY PSEUDOMONAS

The main purpose of this paper is to focus light on the possibilities of presence of antimicrobial activity in pyoverdin pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pyoverdin pigments were prepared form (1000) strains isolated from burns and chronic otitis media sources (Governmental and special Microbiological laboratories). The inhibitory action were determined by both microdilution assay and minimum inhibitory concentration. Values were between 85-105 ml. The stability of pyoverdin after extraction revealed that it is stable against different treatment of heat, pH and salt treatment.
Vapor Deposition of Perovskite Precursor PbI2 on Au and Graphite

The energy level alignment that occurs at the interfaces in planar-hetero structured perovskite photovoltaic devices strongly influences the charge transport across the interface, and thus plays a crucial role in overall device performance. To directly observe the energy level alignment requires pristine homogeneous surfaces that are free of contamination including adventitious carbon. Co-evaporation offers the ability to grow perovskite thin films in-situ, and the method involves thermally evaporating the perovskite precursors such as PbI2 and CH3NH3I. Early reports have shown that the perovskite film formation and stoichiometry are problematic at ultralow coverages. In particular, it was reported that there was excessive PbI2 and a deficiency in CH3NH3I. Using photoemission spectroscopy, we investigated the perovskite precursor PbI2 on gold and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces. Results show that the nature of the surface and the deposition conditions can strongly influence the film formation. Excessive iodine observed in the initial evaporation stages appears to be substrate dependent, and this may influence the overall energy level alignment.
LIQUID-LIKE RAMAN SCATTERING BY SUPERIONIC MATERIALS

The Raman spectrum of a superionic conductor, α-AgI, is compared with the spectra of the melt of AgC£ and AgBr, in order to determine the responsible Raman processes. We conclude that because of the strong anharmonicity and high translational disorder in superionic conductors, spectra analyses based on the concept of harmonic lattice are unsuitable. A dynamical picture of ions similar to that of liquids appears to be more useful than the phonon concepts.
Relational data paradigms: What do we learn by taking the materiality of databases seriously?:

Although databases have been well-defined and thoroughly discussed in the computer science literature, the actual users of databases often have varying definitions and expectations of this essentia...
Functional correlates of self-reported energy levels in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study

Effects of fatigue on health in older age are well studied, yet little is known about the clinical relevance of energy perception. To explore cross-sectional associations of self-reported energy with physical and mental health metrics in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Participants rated their energy from 0 to 10; the outcome was energy dichotomized at the median (≥ 7 = higher energy). Four domains were assessed: depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale); physical performance (function: usual and rapid gait speed; fitness: 400-m walk time); physical activity (casual walking, walking for exercise, and intense exercise); and cognitive function (Modified Mini-Mental State Examination and Digit Symbol Substitution Test). Covariates bivariately associated with energy entered a multivariable logistic regression model, adjusted for demographics, chronic conditions, and strength. Depressive symptoms, physical performance and activity, but not cognition, were bivariately associated with energy (p < 0.0005). Younger age, male sex, greater strength, and absence of chronic conditions predicted higher energy (p < 0.001). In a multivariable model, depressive symptoms [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 95% CI 0.69 (0.62, 0.76)] and 400-m walk times [aOR = 0.81 (0.72, 0.91)] were inversely associated with energy; usual and rapid gait speed [aOR = 1.3 (1.2, 1.4); aOR = 1.2 (1.1–1.4)], and time spent in intense exercise [aOR = 1.4 (1.1–1.7)] were positively associated with energy. In this cohort with a range of chronic conditions and fatigue, perceiving higher energy levels may reflect better emotional and physical health. Energy should be considered in multidimensional clinical assessments of older age.
Carotid approach to anterior circulation thromboembolectomy in an adult with failing fontan physiology: a case report.

Anesthetic management of an adult with failing Fontan physiology is complicated given inherent anatomical and physiological alterations. Neurosurgical interventions including thromboembolectomy may be particularly challenging given importance of blood pressure control and cerebral perfusion. We describe a 29 year old patient born with double outlet right ventricle (DORV) with mitral valve atresia who after multi-staged surgeries earlier in life, presented with failing Fontan physiology. She was admitted to the hospital almost 29 years after her initial surgeries to undergo workup for a dual heart and liver transplant in the context of a failing Fontan with elevated end diastolic pressures, NYHA III heart failure symptoms, and liver cirrhosis from congestive hepatopathy. During the workup in the context of holding anticoagulation for invasive procedures, she developed a middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke requiring a thromboembolectomy via left carotid artery approach. This case posed many challenges to the anesthesiologist including airway control, hemodynamic and cardiopulmonary monitoring, evaluation of perfusion, vascular access, and management of anticoagulation in an adult patient in heart and liver failure with Fontan physiology undergoing thromboembolectomy for MCA embolic stroke.
Treaty Rights and Water Habitat: Applying the United States v. Washington Culverts Decision to Anishinaabe Akiing

In 2017, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that culverts installed by the state of Washington which reduce the habitat of treaty-protected salmon violate the treaty rights of Tribes in western Washington. That decision—part of the long-running United States v. Washington litigation—has since become known as the “Culverts Case.” Broadly, that decision essentially holds that habitat protection is a component of treaty-protected rights to hunt, fish, and gather. This Article analyzes what habitat protection as a treaty right would mean for the water-based, treaty-protected resources—such as fish and manoomin (wild rice)—of the Anishinaabe Tribes in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. This Article describes relevant treaties to determine what water-based resources those Tribes have treaty rights to, and analyzes relevant precedent that defines or limits the exercise or scope of those rights in state and federal courts. Through interviews with individuals who work with Tribes on issues pertaining to usufructuary rights, this Article identifies specific environmental threats to water-based treaty resources throughout the Great Lakes region. By analogizing those identified threats to the culverts at issue in United States v. Washington, this Article examines what habitat protection as a treaty right would mean in Anishinaabe Akiing.