cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Current Status of Thromboendarterectomy for Chronic Pulmonary Embolism

Chronic pulmonary hypertension due to unresolved major vessel pulmonary emboli occurs infrequently but is extremely debilitating. The embolic material may be highly organized and thus resistant to fibrinolysis. A defect in the fibrinolytic system may also play a role in unresolved pulmonary emboli. Several embolic episodes may be necessary to cause chronic pulmonary vascular obstruction. The possibility of chronic pulmonary embolism should be considered in patients who present with chronic pulmonary hypertension. The definitive diagnosis depends on pulmonary arteriography. When pulmonary arteriography confirms the presence of proximally located major vascular obstruction, significant functional disability and pulmonary vascular resistance of at least 300 dynes·s·cm −5 are prerequisites for surgical consideration. Features of pulmonary thromboendarterectomy include median sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest, distal exposure of the orifices all the bronchopulmonary segmental arteries, and endarterectomy for areas of obstruction. Endarterectomy techniques are necessary because ingrowth of collagen and elastic tissue cause the organizing embolic material to adhere firmly to the pulmonary arterial wall within several weeks after acute embolization. The most recent data suggest that hospital mortality for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is approximately 6% in the last 300 patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy at the University of California, San Diego. In this group, over 90% of survivors were in New York Heart Functional Class I. In the next largest series published in the last 5 years, hospital mortality was 23% in 34 patients. Consequently, it is apparent that optimal results are based upon a highly experienced, multidisciplinary team dedicated to the management of these patients.
Viscous relaxation as a prerequisite for tectonic resurfacing on Ganymede: Insights from numerical models of lithospheric extension

Abstract Ganymede’s bright terrain formed during a near-global resurfacing event (or events) that produced both heavily tectonized and relatively smooth terrains. The mechanism(s) by which resurfacing occurred on Ganymede (e.g., cryovolcanic or tectonic), and the relationship between the older, dark and the younger, bright terrain are fundamental to understanding the geological evolution of the satellite. Using a two-dimensional numerical model of lithospheric extension that has previously been used to successfully simulate surface deformation consistent with grooved terrain morphologies, we investigate whether large-amplitude preexisting topography can be resurfaced (erased) by extension (i.e., tectonic resurfacing). Using synthetically produced initial topography, we show that when the total relief of the initial topography is larger than 25–50 m, periodic groove-like structures fail to form. Instead, extension is localized in a few individual, isolated troughs. These results pose a challenge to the tectonic resurfacing hypothesis. We further investigate the effects of preexisting topography by performing suites of simulations initialized with topography derived from digital terrain models of Ganymede’s surface. These include dark terrain, fresh (relatively deep) impact craters, smooth bright terrain, and a viscously relaxed impact crater. The simulations using dark terrain and fresh impact craters are consistent with our simulations using synthetic topography: periodic groove-like deformation fails to form. In contrast, when simulations were initialized with bright smooth terrain topography, groove-like deformation results from a wide variety of heat flow and surface temperature conditions. Similarly, when a viscously relaxed impact crater was used, groove-like structures were able to form during extension. These results suggest that tectonic resurfacing may require that the amplitude of the initial topography be reduced before extension begins. We emphasize that viscous relaxation may be the key to enabling tectonic resurfacing, as the heat fluxes associated with groove terrain formation are also capable of reducing crater topography through viscous relaxation. For long-wavelength topography (large craters) viscous relaxation is unavoidable. We propose that the resurfacing of Ganymede occurred through a combination of viscous relaxation, tectonic resurfacing, cryovolcanism and, at least in a few cases, band formation. Variations in heat flow and strain magnitudes across Ganymede likely produced the complex variety of terrain types currently observed.
Genetic Nonneoplastic Diseases of Bone

Genetic nonneoplastic diseases, such as osteogenesis imperfecta, achondroplasia, osteochondroma, progressive diaphyseal dysplasia, osteopetrosis, fibrous dysplasia, oncogenic osteomalacia, and Gaucher disease, have a wide range of causes and an equally wide range of potential symptoms. Though the major cause of many of these disorders is a disruption of the balance between bone formation and bone resorption, the underlying cause that leads to this disruption can range from defects in a biochemical process to defects in a molecular pathway. Most of these issues are caused by mutations in the genetic code, which results in phenotypic abnormalities.
Building a Research Administration Infrastructure at the Department Level.

Due to the current economic crisis, research administrators at public universities are grappling with declining state funding and are faced with identifying other potential sources of revenue to support operations. Research administrators at all levels are forced to do more with less. Department level research administrators must be innovative since they have the least control over distribution of resources, including fiscal, staffing, and space. They must be adequately trained to deal with periodic shifts in the centralization and decentralization of duties that result from fiscal uncertainty and leadership changes. Therefore, strategically planning to accommodate department level assistance for its faculty who are engaged in or are pursuing extramural funding has become imperative. This article discusses a public university department’s initiative to support both its faculty and the central administrative office by attempting to reduce administrative burdens. This was accomplished through increasing self-sufficiency of department-level research administration staff via professional development efforts and engaging in collaborative efforts with other departments and the central administrative office.
Exploring the State of the Science of the Nursing Hand-off Communication

Miscommunication that occurs during the exchange of information between healthcare providers accounts for approximately 80% of adverse events in the healthcare setting. Nurses devote 10% to 15% of the workday to the nurse-to-nurse hand-off communication. The hand-off itself has remained virtually unchanged for the past 20 years, although the process is prone to errors. The introduction of the electronic health record and mandates to decrease errors and improve patient outcomes has led to an influx of research on the nurse-to-nurse hand-off communication. This article provides a comprehensive synopsis of the hand-off and the state of science on nurse-to-nurse communication using hand-offs. In general, the use and implementation of standardized tools and the nurse's perception of and satisfaction with the hand-off communication have been researched extensively. A standardized hand-off tool increases nurse satisfaction with the structure and consistency of the hand-off. While electronic health record-related forms and devices are not utilized by nurses, communication patterns and communication behaviors can also influence the effectiveness of the hand-off message. The areas of memory, cognition, and content of the hand-off affect the transfer and recall of hand-off information. Continued research on hand-off communication is essential to ensure patient safety.
Sulforaphane Alters the Acidification of the Vacuole to Trigger Cell Death

Sulforaphane (SFN) is a compound [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)-butane] found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables that is currently of interest because of its potential as a chemopreventive and a chemotherapeutic drug. Recent studies in a diverse range of cellular and animal models have shown that SFN is involved in multiple intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cell death, cell cycle progression, and cell invasion. In order to better understand the mechanisms of action behind SFN-induced cell death, we undertook an unbiased genome wide screen with the yeast knockout (YKO) library to identify SFN sensitive mutants. Our mutants were enriched with knockouts in genes linked to vacuolar function suggesting a link between this organelle and SFN's mechanism of action in yeast. Our subsequent work revealed that SFN increases the vacuolar pH of yeast cells and that varying the vacuolar pH can alter the sensitivity of yeast cells to the drug. In fact, several mutations that lower the vacuolar pH in yeast actually made the cells resistant to SFN. Finally, we show that human lung cancer cells with more acidic compartments are also SFN resistant suggesting that SFN's mechanism of action identified in yeast may carry over to higher eukaryotic cells.
Novel deep generative simultaneous recurrent model for efficient representation learning

Abstract Representation learning plays an important role for building effective deep neural network models. Deep generative probabilistic models have shown to be efficient in the data representation learning task which is usually carried out in an unsupervised fashion. Throughout the past decade, there has been almost exclusive focus on the learning algorithms to improve representation capability of the generative models. However, effective data representation requires improvement in both learning algorithm and architecture of the generative models. Therefore, improvement to the neural architecture is critical for improved data representation capability of deep generative models. Furthermore, the prevailing class of deep generative models such as deep belief network (DBN), deep Boltzman machine (DBM) and deep sigmoid belief network (DSBN) are inherently unidirectional and lack recurrent connections ubiquitous in the biological neuronal structures. Introduction of recurrent connections may offer further improvement in data representation learning performance to the deep generative models. Consequently, for the first time in literature, this work proposes a deep recurrent generative model known as deep simultaneous recurrent belief network (D-SRBN) to efficiently learn representations from unlabeled data. Experimentation on four benchmark datasets: MNIST, Caltech 101 Silhouettes, OCR letters and Omniglot show that the proposed D-SRBN model achieves superior representation learning performance while utilizing less computing resources when compared to the four state-of-the-art generative models such as deep belief network (DBN), DBM, DSBN and VAE (variational auto-encoder).
How entrepreneurship influences other disciplines: An examination of learning goals

Entrepreneurship is now a mainstream curriculum in higher education across the globe. On many campuses, entrepreneurship education programs have expanded to include cross-disciplinary courses that contain learning objectives in entrepreneurship and the home discipline. While research has been conducted on cross-disciplinary entrepreneurship education, little has been published from a curricular diffusion standpoint. Greater insight into curricular adoptions and pedagogical change stemming from cross-disciplinary entrepreneurship is necessary from both a theoretical and practical point of view. This study uses content analysis on 345 learning goals from a massive cross-disciplinary entrepreneurship program and reports on learning themes and pedagogical strategies. Results confirm the role of entrepreneurship education in other fields is to instill entrepreneurship skill sets and to create a bridge to introduce traditional business topics. The roles of specific entrepreneurship topics are uneven. A gap in career preparation foci for self-employment and venture creation careers was also noted, as well as the absence of exit strategy discussions. The study offers a useful methodology that could be adopted by other institutions for comparison purposes. Implications and future research are discussed.
Low Power and Energy Efficient Single Error Correction Code using CDM logic style for IoT devices

For decades, Error Correction Codes (ECC) have been extensively used to protect the data in registers and memory from errors. The most used ECC’s are Single Error Correction (SEC) codes, which can correct a one-bit error for each word. Due to the recent scale-down in the size of technology, the demand for low power, high speed, and area & energy efficient SEC encoders and decoders have become prominent. Many applications, like IoT devices, memory storage and security applications employing SECs, need reliable hardware at low cost and low power consumption. Significant research has been going on to design efficient ECC’s for energy efficiency and cost optimization. In this paper, Cell Design Methodology (CDM) as an efficient logic style is used for optimization of ECC at the transistor level for improving circuit characteristics. A significant improvement has been recorded by comparing the performance of the SEC codes in terms of power and energy between conventional CMOS (C-CMOS) and CDM logic structures. C-CMOS and CDM standard cells of 10nm, 14nm, 16nm, and 20nm technologies are used to compare the circuit characteristics of the SEC encoder and decoder. The traditional Hamming code and Pedro’s SEC [1] have been used for effective comparison and performance analysis of the cell libraries. This analysis has shown an average improvement of 32.4% on power consumption and 30% on energy consumption by using CDM logic style over the C-CMOS structure.
Assessment of alternative joining techniques for Ti–6Al–4V/CFRP hybrid joints regarding tensile and fatigue strength

Abstract CFRP and titanium joints are used in the aerospace industry. These materials are usually joined by titanium rivets which are inserted into holes drilled through both materials. Conventional riveted hybrid joints of CFRP and titanium parts fail under quasi static loading due to the uneven load distribution at the titanium rivets. Under cyclic loading, the fatigue failure occurs mainly in the titanium part because of the higher notch sensitivity. The aim of this work is the comparison of different joining concepts in terms of stiffness, strength and fatigue limit. First, laser riveting, here titanium pins are Nd:YAG laser beam welded to the Ti–6Al–4V parts. Second, conventional riveted hybrid joint is combined with adhesive bonding. Third, surface structuring of the Ti–6Al–4V parts is used to enhance friction in the riveted joint. Tensile and fatigue tests as well as fractographical examinations are performed to establish the process–property–performance relationship of the hybrid joints. Laser riveting leads to higher stiffness but equal strength, when compared to conventional riveted joints. Fatigue life is improved by the implementation of adhesive bonding and surface structuring.
Personality and Poetic Election in the Preceptual Relationship of Emily Dickinson and Thomas Wentworth Higginson, 1862-1886

Despite the relative infrequency with which it appears in her writing, few words have been so uniquely associated with one poet as has the term "preceptor" with Emily Dickinson. It surfaces most often in her letters, most persistently and famously in her correspondence with Thomas Wentworth Higginson. Yet Dickinson only once reflects on it in her verse proper, in a late poem committed to a stationery fragment: Image of light, Adieu— Thanks for the interview— So long—so short— Preceptor of the whole— Coeval Cardinal— Impart—Depart— 1. Image) Fellow 6. Impart -) (F 1586) 1 These cryptic lines beg more questions than they answer. Several key components are clear—farewell, gratitude, sweeping designation—but much less so is the orientation they demand. An air of reverence seems pervasive, but reverence for whom, for what? Even as it suggests a quality of unboundedness, the renaming of the poem's fourth line also gestures, paradoxically, toward the basis of this "Image of light" in a particular individual and his extinguishment. In fact the speaker's distinctly eulo- gistic pose argues for the significance of R. W. Franklin's dating ("about 1882"): Dickinson learned of the minister Charles Wadsworth's death in April 1882, feared of Judge Otis Lord's in May, and just weeks thereaf- ter read of Higginson's being seriously ill—men who together comprise three of the five or six "preceptors" identified in her extant writing. 2 Even
Respiratory syncytial virus in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and patients with hematologic malignancies

In the USA and other western nations, respiratory syncytial virus is one of the most commonly encountered respiratory viruses among patients who have been diagnosed with a hematologic malignancy or who have undergone a stem cell transplant. Multiple studies have been performed to evaluate the complications associated with respiratory syncytial virus infections. Other studies have evaluated therapeutic agents and strategies in which these agents can be used. There have also been numerous reports of outbreaks in bone marrow transplant units and oncology wards, where infection control measures have been invaluable in controlling the spread of disease. However, despite these novel approaches, respiratory syncytial virus continues to be potentially fatal in immunocompromised populations. In this review, we discuss the incidence of respiratory syncytial viral infections, risk factors associated with progression from upper respiratory tract infection to lower respiratory tract infection, other complications and outcomes (including mortality), management strategies, and prevention strategies in patients with a hematologic malignancy and in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.
Variant allele 6.2 at locus D19S433 in Syrian family samples

Abstract Variant allele 6.2 at locus D19S433 was found in an immigration case involving Syrian family samples where 2 out of 4 children inherited this variant allele from their parents. This variant allele has not been reported previously in the Syrian population since locus D19S433 was not studied. However, records showed the presence of the variant allele 6.2 in Middle Eastern samples of Iraqi, Lebanese, Kuwaiti and Turkish origins. These findings indicate that variant allele 6.2 at locus D19S433 could be specific for the Middle Eastern populations and could be useful in forensic investigation for suspect search.
Abstract TP104: Thyroid Hormone Neuroprotection After Stroke and Fatty Acid Oxidation

Thyroid hormone (TH) has long been known to decrease lesion volume in mammals after stroke, yet its mechanism of action remains elusive. Our lab previously reported that TH stimulates fatty acid ox...
How dialogues facilitate high school students’ responses to poetry

A partir dels resultats d'un estudi de cas sobre respostes a la poesia en una escola secundaria publica de Catalunya, aquest article mostra com el dialeg va facilitar les experiencies estetiques d'estudiants de secundaria. L'estudi ensenya com converses un a un i en petits grups ocorregudes en situacio d'entrevista -i en connexio amb l'activitat de la classe- van mediar aquestes respostes. Per a entendre la mediacio dialogica i les possibilitats que els poemes ofereixen en l'activitat de l'estudiant-lector, l'analisi realitzada connecta la visio de la lectura literaria com a activitat sociocultural amb la teoria de la recepcio lectora i el seu estudi empiric. Els resultats mostren que en l'activitat de construccio de sentit conjunta, els estudiants (a) viuen experiencies emocionals i (b) responen a recursos poetics distintius que, al seu torn, creen oportunitats per a (c) la seva literacidad poetica i (d) el seu desenvolupament ideologic (ideological becoming, Bajtin, 1981).
“You Gotta Have a Plan so You Won’t Get Caught”: Managing the Risks of Street Tagging

Exploring offender decision-making is important to understanding criminal behavior as well as assisting in the creation of criminal justice policy. We analyzed interviews with 25 active juvenile st...
Deep Versus Lobar Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage: Seizures, Hyperexcitable Patterns, and Clinical Outcomes.

Objectives To compare electrographic seizures, hyperexcitable patterns, and clinical outcomes in lobar and deep intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Additionally, to characterize electrographic seizure and hyperexcitable pattern predictors in each group and determine seizure risk with thalamic involvement. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary academic medical center. Patients Consecutive adult patients with nontraumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhage undergoing continuous electroencephalography at our center between January 2013 and December 2016. Interventions Not applicable. Measurements and main results Based on head CT closest to the initial continuous electroencephalography session, we classified intraparenchymal hemorrhage as isolated deep (no insular, subarachnoid, subdural extension) or lobar. Hyperexcitable patterns included the following: periodic discharges, spike-wave complexes, any rhythmic delta other than generalized. We used Fisher exact test for categorical and Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. Multivariable regression identified predictors of electrographic seizures, hyperexcitable patterns, and poor outcomes (score of 1-2 on Glasgow Outcome Scale) in lobar intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The cohort comprised of 128 patients, 88 lobar, and 40 deep intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Electrographic seizures occurred in 17% of lobar and 5% of deep intraparenchymal hemorrhage (p = 0.09). Hyperexcitable patterns were more frequent in the lobar group (44.3% vs 17.5%; p = 0.005). In multivariable analyses in the lobar group, lateralized rhythmic delta activity predicted electrographic seizures (odds ratio, 6.24; CI, 1.49-26.08; p = 0.012); insular involvement predicted hyperexcitable patterns (odds ratio, 4.88; CI, 1.36-17.57; p = 0.015); coma, temporal lobe involvement, intraparenchymal hemorrhage volume, and electrographic seizures predicted poor outcome. Thalamic involvement did not affect electrographic seizures or hyperexcitable patterns in either group. Conclusions Electrographic seizures are frequent in lobar intraparenchymal hemorrhage, occurring in one in six monitored patients, as opposed to only 5% in isolated deep intraparenchymal hemorrhage not extending to cortex/insula, subarachnoid, or subdural spaces. Patients with lobar intraparenchymal hemorrhage and lateralized rhythmic delta activity were six times as likely to have electrographic seizures, which were associated with 5.47 higher odds of a poor outcome. Coma, temporal lobe involvement, hematoma volume, and electrographic seizures predicted poor outcome in lobar intraparenchymal hemorrhage.
Determination of the early age of onset of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy

The age of onset of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy has not been ascertained, although the clinical condition of left laryngeal hemiplegia (“roaring”) has been recognized for centuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the laryngeal muscles of draft horse foals for the presence of fiber-type grouping, indicating denervation and reinnervation, and to determine if histological evidence of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy was present. Abductor and adductor laryngeal muscles from the left and right sides were collected immediately after euthanasia from male draft horse foals, six less than 2 weeks and four 6 months of age, and stained for myosin ATPase. A morphometric test was used to objectively evaluate several areas from each muscle for fiber-type grouping. Extensive fiber-type grouping which was characteristic of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy was found in one of the young foals and all of the older foals. Four of the young foals had some areas of fiber-type grouping suggestive of mild, early changes associated with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. One of the young foals had no fiber-type grouping present in any of the laryngeal muscles evaluated. These findings suggest an early age of onset of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.
Tobacco Use Predicts Treatment Dropout and Outcome in an Acute, Transdiagnostic Psychiatric Treatment Setting.

Abstract Tobacco use is consistently associated with greater levels of depression and anxiety, broadly, and preliminary evidence suggests that current tobacco use is a significant predictor of dropout from psychiatric treatment. The current study extends past work to examine the impact of tobacco use on treatment dropout and outcomes in an acute psychiatric treatment setting. Upon intake to a partial hospitalization program (PHP), patients completed a battery of measures assessing sociodemographic characteristics, current tobacco use, depression and generalized anxiety, and substance use. Patients at the PHP also completed measures assessing levels of depression and generalized anxiety again upon discharge from the program. In line with hypotheses, current tobacco use was a significant predictor of dropout from treatment at the PHP. Importantly, this relationship remained significant when statistically controlling for demographic variables and psychiatric and substance use severity (such as number of previous inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations and degree of alcohol or drug problems). Results from the current study indicate that tobacco use is a significant risk factor for treatment dropout. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and to determine the mechanism underlying this link between tobacco use and treatment dropout for people receiving intensive psychiatric care.
Streptococcus pneumoniae Coinfection in COVID-19: A Series of Three Cases

Bacterial coinfections are not uncommon with respiratory viral pathogens. These coinfections can add to significant mortality and morbidity. We are currently dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which has affected over 15 million people globally with over half a million deaths. Previous respiratory viral pandemics have taught us that bacterial coinfections can lead to higher mortality and morbidity. However, there is limited literature on the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and associated coinfections, which reported infection rates varying between 1% and 8% based on various cross-sectional studies. In one meta-analysis of coinfections in COVID-19, rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfections have been negligible when compared to previous influenza pandemics. Current literature does not favor the use of empiric, broad-spectrum antibiotics in confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. We present three cases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections complicated by Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection. These cases demonstrate the importance of concomitant testing for common pathogens despite the need for antimicrobial stewardship.
Pleasure in the News: African American Readership and Sexuality in the Black Press

Kim Gallon’s Pleasure in the News: African American Readership and Sexuality in the Black Press offers a partial corrective to what Felecia Jones Ross recently observed in a summer 2020 American Jo...
Biomedical and clinical English model packages for the Stanza Python NLP library

Objective The study sought to develop and evaluate neural natural language processing (NLP) packages for the syntactic analysis and named entity recognition of biomedical and clinical English text. Materials and methods We implement and train biomedical and clinical English NLP pipelines by extending the widely used Stanza library originally designed for general NLP tasks. Our models are trained with a mix of public datasets such as the CRAFT treebank as well as with a private corpus of radiology reports annotated with 5 radiology-domain entities. The resulting pipelines are fully based on neural networks, and are able to perform tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, lemmatization, dependency parsing, and named entity recognition for both biomedical and clinical text. We compare our systems against popular open-source NLP libraries such as CoreNLP and scispaCy, state-of-the-art models such as the BioBERT models, and winning systems from the BioNLP CRAFT shared task. Results For syntactic analysis, our systems achieve much better performance compared with the released scispaCy models and CoreNLP models retrained on the same treebanks, and are on par with the winning system from the CRAFT shared task. For NER, our systems substantially outperform scispaCy, and are better or on par with the state-of-the-art performance from BioBERT, while being much more computationally efficient. Conclusions We introduce biomedical and clinical NLP packages built for the Stanza library. These packages offer performance that is similar to the state of the art, and are also optimized for ease of use. To facilitate research, we make all our models publicly available. We also provide an online demonstration (http://stanza.run/bio).
Being Given: Toward a Phenomenology of Givenness

Along with Husserl's Ideas and Heidegger's Being and Time, Being Given is one of the classic works of phenomenology in the twentieth century. Through readings of Kant, Husserl, Heidegger, Derrida, and twentieth-century French phenomenology (e.g., Merleau-Ponty, Levinas, and Henry), it ventures a bold and decisive reappraisal of phenomenology and its possibilities. Its author's most original work to date, the book pushes phenomenology to its limits in an attempt to redefine and recover the phenomenological ideal, which the author argues has never been realized in any of the historical phenomenologies. Against Husserl's reduction to consciousness and Heidegger's reduction to Dasein, the author proposes a third reduction to givenness, wherein phenomena appear unconditionally and show themselves from themselves at their own initiative. Being Given is the clearest, most systematic response to questions that have occupied its author for the better part of two decades. The book articulates a powerful set of concepts that should provoke new research in philosophy, religion, and art, as well as at the intersection of these disciplines. Some of the significant issues it treats include the phenomenological definition of the phenomenon, the redefinition of the gift in terms not of economy but of givenness, the nature of saturated phenomena, and the question "Who comes after the subject?" Throughout his consideration of these issues, the author carefully notes their significance for the increasingly popular fields of religious studies and philosophy of religion. Being Given is therefore indispensable reading for anyone interested in the question of the relation between the phenomenological and the theological in Marion and emergent French phenomenology.
Factor Structure of Capacity to Consent to Medical Treatment in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: An Exploratory Study

Abstract Loss of capacity to consent to medical treatment (hereafter competency) is an inevitable consequence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has important legal and ethical implications. However, the medical-legal construct of competency remains poorly understood, particularly in dementia and aging populations. We investigated the construct through a series of exploratory and validation factor analyses of performance by 82 patients with probable or possible AD on the Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument (CCTI). In the exploratory phase, principal components analyses revealed that the CCTI is composed of two orthogonal factors: Verbal Conceptualization/Reasoning and Verbal Memory. In the validation phase, principal components analysis of individual factor scores and neuropsychological test performance supported and further elaborated the two factor structure. The findings suggested that consent capacity in an AD population is a multidimensional construct represented by neurocognitive factors of ver...
Synthesis of vitamin B6 derivatives I. Preparation of some isopyridoxamine derivatives from isopyridoxal

Improved syntheses of isopyridoxal and isopyridoxamine are described. New 5-N-substituted isopyridoxamine derivatives resulting from condensation followed by reduction of the carbonyl group of isopropylideneisopyridoxal with aniline, 2-aminothiazole and benzylamine are also reported.
A fracture history on Enceladus provides evidence for a global ocean

[1] The region surrounding the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus shows a young, pervasively fractured surface that emanates enough heat to be detected by the Cassini spacecraft. To explain the elevated heat and eruptive icy plumes originating from large cracks (informally called “tiger stripes”) in the surface, many models implicitly assume a global liquid ocean beneath the surface. Here we show that the fracture patterns in the south-polar terrain (SPT) of Enceladus are inconsistent with contemporary stress fields, but instead formed in a temporally varying global stress field related to nonsynchronous rotation of a floating ice shell above a global liquid ocean. This finding increase to at least three the number of outer planet satellites likely to possess a subsurface liquid water layer.
A Review of “Passing on the Faith: Transforming Traditions for the Next Generation of Jews, Christians, and Muslims”

While true, to say that Passing on the Faith is a publication of conference papers diminishes the depth of data and wealth of wisdom compacted into 274 pages. Rather than gather random responses to...
Salivary cortisol for assessment of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in asthmatic children on inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)

Background/Aim: Sampling for salivary cortisol (SC) determination is a pain free procedure and thus useful in the pediatric age group. Our aim was to compare Low Dose ACTH (LDST) salivary test with the classical blood test as well as the diurnal variation in salivary cortisol concentration for the assessment of HPA axis activity of asthmatic children on ICS. Methods: LDST was performed in 62 asthmatic children (43 males, median age 7.9 yrs) before and after 3 months treatment with ICS. During the test, samples for SC were obtained simultaneously with serum samples (at 0-30-60 min). Patients sampled their own saliva between 09:00 and 21:00 hours (every three hours) for a whole day before and after treatment. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between salivary and serum cortisol levels at 0' 30' and 60' after ACTH administration (R:0.818, p<0.001). Circadian rhythm cortisol parameters: cortisol awakening response, mean level and range of diurnal changes, correlated with serum cortisol at 60'(R:0.308, p<0.025; R:0.316 p=0.022; R:0.318, p=0.026) and SC at 0' (R:0.398, p=0.003; R:0.401, p=0.002; R:0.356, p=0.01), 30' (R:0.402, p=0.002; R:0.385, p=0.003; R:0.404, p=0.003) and 60' (R:0.303, p=0.041; R:0.368, p=0.009). Conclusion: The salivary low dose ACTH test yields results that parallel the response of serum cortisol to ACTH and may provide an alternative to the blood test for HPA axis function evaluation. Diurnal SC variation may offer a dynamic evaluation over a day with none intervention.
Balancing human and system visualization during document triage

People must frequently sort through and identify relevant materials from a large set of documents. Document triage is a specific form of information collecting where people quickly evaluate a large set of documents from the Internet by reading (or skimming) documents and organizing them into a personal information collection. During triage people can re-read documents, progressively refine their organization, and share results with others. People usually perform triage using multiple applications in concert: a search engine interface presents lists of potentially relevant documents; a document reader displays their content; and a text editor or a more specialized application records notes and assessments. However, people often become disoriented while switching between these subtasks in document triage. This can hinder the interaction between the subtasks and can distract people from focusing on documents of interest. To support document triage, we have developed an environment that infers users’ interests based on their interactions with multiple applications and on an analysis of the characteristics and content of the documents they are interacting with. The inferred user interest is used to relieve disorientation by generating visualizations in multiple applications that help people find documents of interest as well as interesting sections within documents.
Quantitative determination of pravastatin and its metabolite 3α-hydroxy pravastatin in plasma and urine of pregnant patients by LC-MS/MS

This report describes the development and validation of a chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination of pravastatin and its metabolite (3α-hydroxy pravastatin) in plasma and urine of pregnant patients under treatment with pravastatin, as part of a clinical trial. The method includes a one-step sample preparation by liquid-liquid extraction. The extraction recovery of the analytes ranged between 93.8 and 99.5% in plasma. The lower limits of quantitation of the analytes in plasma samples were 0.106 ng/mL for pravastatin and 0.105 ng/mL for 3α-hydroxy pravastatin, while in urine samples they were 19.7 ng/mL for pravastatin and 2.00 ng/mL for 3α-hydroxy pravastatin. The relative deviation of this method was <10% for intra- and interday assays in plasma and urine samples, and the accuracy ranged between 97.2 and 106% in plasma, and between 98.2 and 105% in urine. The method described in this report was successfully utilized for determining the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin in pregnant patients enrolled in a pilot clinical trial for prevention of preeclampsia.
Loss of heterozygosity at the retinoblastoma locus in human pituitary tumors

BACKGROUND Recent studies using knockouts of the Retinoblastoma (Rb) gene by homologous recombination in transgenic mice have revealed that a high frequency of heterozygous animals develop pituitary tumors associated with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the Rb locus. The authors have determined the frequency of LOH at the Rb locus in 42 benign human pituitary tumors. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction- (PCR) amplification of polymorphic regions in introns 17 and 20 of the human Rb gene was used to detect heterozygosity in pituitary tumor DNA and matched control DNA samples. RESULTS The PCR assay was informative in 42 of 48 pituitary tumors examined, and no allelic deletion of Rb was detected in any of the tumors. CONCLUSIONS These studies confirmed a recent report that LOH at the Rb locus is rare in benign human pituitary tumors.
Adolescent Substance Use and Marital Status in Adulthood

Researchers have noted that substance use in the adolescent years is associated with a variety of consequences. The majority of studies have focused on relatively short-term consequences of substance use. Using data from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, this study examines how early substance use and current substance use affect individuals’ eventual marital status. Higher levels of substance use in the adult years are shown to be relatively deleterious to both women’s and men’s chances of marriage. However, initial cigarette use in the adolescent years is shown to enhance adults’ likelihood of marriage, whereas adolescent marijuana use substantially reduces the chances of marriage. Interestingly, early alcohol use decreases women’s chances of becoming married yet increases the chances for men. Similarly, early alcohol use was associated with a greater risk of divorce. Overall, the results point to the intricate nature of early substance use and the long-term consequences thereof. The resu...
Modular verification of collaboration-based software designs

Most existing modular model checking techniques betray their hardware roots: they assume that modules compose in parallel. In contrast, collaboration-based software designs, which have proven very successful in several domains, are sequential in the simplest case. Most interesting collaboration-based designs are really quasi-sequential compositions of parallel compositions. These designs demand and inspire new verification techniques. This paper presents algorithms that exploit the software's modular decomposition to verify collaboration-based designs. Our technique can verify most properties locally in the collaborations; we also characterize when a global state space construction is unavoidable. We have validated our proposal by testing it on several designs.
Application of Lean Construction Concepts to Manage the Submittal Process in AEC Projects

AbstractOffice processes are repetitive, common to multiple projects, involve multiple specialists, and are necessary to support the work of trades. Not much attention has been given to the management of office-related processes in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) literature despite their importance in supporting core activities in this industry. Anecdotal evidence provided by industry practitioners and research carried out by the authors suggest that these processes lack transparency (e.g., actual durations are unknown, indicators are not used to manage the process) and suffer from low reliability, that is, planned times do not reflect the reality and are often underestimated. Aiming to address this gap in the literature, this paper presents a two-phase study carried out to investigate the submittal process in a construction company using lean construction concepts and tools. The study revealed that durations used to manage the submittal process are unreliable and often do not match ...
THE RESPIRATORY ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS PARTS OF THE CRANBERRY PLANT IN RELATION TO FLOODING INJURY

Injury to various parts of the cranberry plant as a result of flooding has been shown (i) to be due to oxygen deprivation. The liability to injury is proportional to the rate of respiration of the various parts. The buds, blossoms, and tips of vines as the most active parts are most seriously injured. In extreme cases all the buds and blossoms may be killed, this resulting in a total loss of the crop. The rate of respiration of buds and young fruits as compared with blossoms and growing tips of the same variety with reference to their liability to flooding injury was not studied. Nor was the possibility of variation in the rate of respiration of corresponding parts in other varieties considered. The volumetric method employed in the former work measured the amount of carbon dioxid produced under conditions of an accumulation of this gas which brings about a progressive reduction in the amount given off. Although the results in such a case are quite comparable within themselves, it was felt that the repetition of the experiments, using a method by which the accumulation of carbon dioxid is prevented, was desirable. For these reasons further work on the rate of respiration of buds, flowers, young fruits, growing tips, and old shoots of two widely grown varieties, Early Black and Howes, has been performed. The work was done at the Massachusetts State Cranberry Substation at East Wareham, Massachusetts, during the summer of I923.
Activation of foal neutrophils at different ages by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and Rhodococcus equi.

Abstract Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation stimulates protective immune responses against intracellular pathogens by phagocytes, including neutrophils. This study examined TLR9-mediated neutrophil activation in neonatal foals. Unmethylated CpGs, ligands for TLR9, were used to stimulate equine neutrophils, either purified or in contact with other peripheral blood leukocytes. Rhodococcus equi was used as another stimulus in parallel. TLR9 mRNA was constitutively expressed at a similar level in purified equine neutrophils across different ages from birth to adulthood, and expression was not affected by either CpG or R. equi . Purified foal neutrophils were directly sensitive to CpG stimulation, reflected by enhanced reactive oxygen species generation following fMLP stimulation, and by expressing significantly ( P P R. equi showed significantly ( P R. equi stimulation irrespective of neutrophil purity. When co-cultured with other leukocytes, foal neutrophils were significantly ( P R. equi significantly ( P R. equi activation as early as at birth, and that B-class CpGs enhanced foal neutrophil functions in vitro.
Wavelet moments and time-frequency analysis

We obtain explicit expressions for the time, scale, and frequency moments of the wavelet transform in terms of the moments of the signal and wavelet. We show that generally they do not exist for common signals even when the moments of the signal and wavelet do exit. The peculiar behavior of the wavelet transform in this regard is pinpointed. The lack of existence of simple moments makes the interpretation and usefulness of the wavelet transform for time- frequency analysis problematic and it is argued that its behavior is quite poor when compared to other simple time-frequency methods, such as the short-time Fourier transform.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Reply by Author to S.L. Baumgartner, W.G. Heller, and G.F. Koehler

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Gregory the Great's metaphor of the physician of the heart as a model for pastoral identity.

The identity of the Roman Catholic priesthood remains in serious crisis. Scholars have called for a return to traditional sources to find possible solutions, including the Early Church Fathers and the Hebrew Bible. Following Oden, this article further explores Pope Gregory the Great’s The Book of Pastoral Rule and his ideals regarding pastoral identity. Of unique importance is his notion of the pastor as a “physician of the heart,” unrecognized previously as central to his project.
Effects of β-CCE on retention of aversively- and appetitively-motivated tasks in rats

Beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (beta-CCE; 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle control was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats immediately after training in an aversively- or appetitively-motivated task. Aversively-motivated training consisted of a one-trial step-though inhibitory (passive) avoidance task with a 0.6 mA, 1.0 s foot shock. Retention was tested 21 days after training. The 5.0 mg/kg dose of beta-CCE significantly enhanced retention performance in the inhibitory avoidance task compared to the vehicle control. For appetitive training, the animals learned a T-maze for water reward. Retention was tested 48 h later, and neither dose of beta-CCE was found to affect retention performance. These results suggest that beta-CCE, when administered immediately after training, may alter retention performance of an aversively-motivated task but not an appetitive task.
Quark structure functions measured with the Drell-Yan process

The physics relevant to showing that the Drell-Yan process offers the possibility for measuring flavor specific quark momentum distributions of free hadrons and their possible modification in nuclei are presented. The case for flavor specific measurements via use of the Drell-Yan process is developed. 21 refs. (LEW)