cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols and carboxylic acids with hydrosilanes catalyzed by a salen–Mn(V) complex

A Mn(V)–salen complex was found to be an effective catalyst for the dehydrogenative coupling of hydroxyl groups with hydrosilane. The reaction conditions were optimized with different silanes and efficient dehydrogenative coupling was achieved by using triethoxysilane and diphenylsilane. Various alcohols and phenols and a limited number of carboxylic acids were converted into the corresponding silyl ethers and silyl esters. A range of functional groups such as chloro, nitro, methoxy, carbonyl and carbon–carbon multiple bonds are tolerated in the reaction.
Development of an operative suspension system for the performance of MRI-OR-guided laparoscopic anoplasty

MRI-guided laparoscopic assisted anorectoplasty (MRI-LAARP), a new approach for surgical correction of high imperforate anus, does not bisect the sphincter complex as in the PSARP and is able to pull the neorectum through the entire sphincter complex unlike the LAARP. There is no available MRI-compatible device to position and transport patients during this procedure. We report on the design of such a device here. The device was constructed from 1.0″ polyvinylchloride tubing and poly-methyl methacrylate (Plexiglass®) platform. The device has a stable, rigid base on which platform is secure. An adjustable and removable superstructure is secured to this base to suspend legs for lithotomy position. MRI-LAARP has been performed on 6 patients. The device has performed well and meets requirements set forth in development including construction with MRI-compatible materials, size fitting in the MRI bore, ability to hold patient in lithotomy position, ability to position and support MRI flex coils, and providing stability while transporting to a separate OR with needle in position. This device provides a stable structure to position and transport a patient with a needle in a tenuous position without dislodgement allowing this procedure, and potentially other procedures, to be done in hospitals without MROR capability.
Hyperalgesia and Amino Acids Receptor Selectivity Based on Stimulus Intensity and a Role for Peptides

Summary The reader may have noted that we have tried to restrict our discussion to mechanisms of cutaneous hyperalgesia. We have taken the liberty to include some discussion of hyperalgesia produced by inflammation of deeper tissues and articular spaces since these conditions appear to share many mechanisms in common with cutaneous hyperalgesia. We have carefully avoided a discussion of the mechanisms underlying hyperalgesia produced by injury to viscera or nervous tissue because space constraints do not permit us to address the special issues that pertain to these conditions. Dr. Meller's thesis outlines an interesting new perspective on the chemical mechanisms of hyperalgesia. Although the widely accepted preexisting intensity-based hypothesis may not yet account for all aspects of hyperalgesia, it does account for a large body of psychophysical data as well as experimental data that has been gathered from study of the dorsal horn alone. It is not at all clear that this previously established hypothesis has been refuted, or that Dr. Meller's alternate hypothesis better accounts for this same body of information. Finally, we have avoided commentary on the potential role of second messenger systems and gene expression modifications that may be involved in the generation-expression of hyperalgesia given the complexity of the neurotransmitter mechanisms. Dr. Meller should be applauded for the service he does indicating the multiplicity in second messenger systems that may potentially be involved. However, his scheme will likely require extensive modification. Allowances need to be made for the messenger systems of the neuropeptides and for the issue of multiplicity in the mechanisms for expression-maintenance of hyperalgesia. For example, a recent publication by Minami et al. 61 illustrates that interactions between cyclooxygenase products and excitatory amino acids can involve either of the excitatory amino acid receptor subtypes. Thus, this final issue, as well as the role of gene expression changes, will no doubt be an area of research increasingly addressed in many future studies.
Jesting Propensities to Shop

Is the consumer a rational being who shops as long as he finds the value of the information so secured to be greater than its cost? A good deal of the literature in marketing might indicate that th...
Multiple-a Index Profiles

The optimal α values1,2for GeO2 -doped waveguides vary significantly with wavelength.3-6 For example, a 0.20-NA waveguide, which has the optimal profile for operation at 0.85 μm, is predicted to have a bandwidth of 700 MHz-km at 1.3 μm.
Isolation of thermophilic fungi from alligator nesting material.

Thermophilic fungi isolated from partially decomposed vegetation from the interior of a recently used alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) nest included Chaetomium thermophile var. coprophile Cooney & Emerson, C. thermophile var. dissitum Cooney & Emerson, Humicola lanuginosa (Griffon & Maublanc) Bunce, Talaromyces thermophilus Stolk, and Thermoascus aurantiacus Miehe sensu Apinis. The thermotolerant fungi Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius and Burgoa-Papulaspora sp. were also isolated. The ontogeny of bulbils of the latter isolate is described. Alligator nesting material provides a habitat suitable for the thermophilic fungi, where the heat required for growth of these fungi is not provided by the body heat of the nest builder. These data suggest that habitats suitable for the origin and evolutionary survival of obligately thermophilic fungi have existed for long periods of time.
Effect of Acidification on Carrot (Daucus carota) Juice Cloud Stability

Effects of acidity on cloud stability in pasteurized carrot juice were examined over the pH range of 3.5–6.2. Cloud sedimentation, particle diameter, and ζ potential were measured at each pH condition to quantify juice cloud stability and clarification during 3 days of storage. Acidification below pH 4.9 resulted in a less negative ζ potential, an increased particle size, and an unstable cloud, leading to juice clarification. As the acidity increased, clarification occurred more rapidly and to a greater extent. Only a weak effect of ionic strength was observed when sodium salts were added to the juice, but the addition of calcium salts significantly reduced the cloud stability.
Anthropometric fit evaluation of firefighters' uniform pants: A sex comparison

Abstract This study identified anthropometric fit issues associated with a female firefighter's uniform pants. Eighteen firefighters (nine females and nine males) participated in a multidimensional fit assessment protocol, consisting of a subjective comfort survey, 3D body scanning, and exit interview. Mann–Whitney U tests were performed to compare sex differences in the survey and 3D scan data, along with descriptive and qualitative analyses. Female firefighters showed significantly lower survey ratings on overall satisfaction, perceived comfort, and performance of their turnout pants. Three-dimensional body scan data affirmed anatomical sex differences in baseline body measurements, and determined specific landmark areas that caused discomfort in female firefighters while wearing station and turnout pants. Interview data supported the findings from the quantitative measures. Results demonstrated that female firefighters experienced poorer fit and a higher level of discomfort with their uniform pants than male firefighters. The outcomes of this study suggest scientific evidence of the anthropometric fit problems associated with firefighter PPE, which is anticipated to help policymakers and the manufacturing industry enhance occupational safety regulations and improve fit and sizing systems especially for female firefighters who wear uniforms designed based on the male physique.
Rerouting the Pathway for the Biosynthesis of the Side Ring System of Nosiheptide: The Roles of NosI, NosJ, and NosK.

Nosiheptide (NOS) is a highly modified thiopeptide antibiotic that displays formidable in vitro activity against a variety of Gram-positive bacteria. In addition to a central hydroxypyridine ring, NOS contains several other modifications, including multiple thiazole rings, dehydro-amino acids, and a 3,4-dimethylindolic acid (DMIA) moiety. The DMIA moiety is required for NOS efficacy and is synthesized from l-tryptophan in a series of reactions that have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we describe the role of NosJ, the product of an unannotated gene in the biosynthetic operon for NOS, as an acyl carrier protein that delivers 3-methylindolic acid (MIA) to NosK. We also reassign the role of NosI as the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the ATP-dependent activation of MIA and MIA’s attachment to the phosphopantetheine moiety of NosJ. Lastly, NosK catalyzes the transfer of the MIA group from NosJ-MIA to a conserved serine residue (Ser102) on NosK. The X-ray crystal structure of NosK, solved to 2.3 A resolut...
SBIRT Training in Social Work Education: Evaluating Change Using Standardized Patient Simulation

A grand challenge for social work is addressing widespread public health problems of alcohol misuse. MSW students (n = 83) received Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) training through didactic sessions, role plays, and pre–post videotaped standardized patient (SP) interactions. SBIRT knowledge, self-reported practice behaviors, and confidence were assessed at pretest, 30 days, and 6 months posttest. Videos were coded to assess intervention-adherent behaviors. General linear mixed models analyzed changes. Participants demonstrated increased adherence to SBIRT behaviors, and knowledge, skills, and confidence increased posttraining. Findings suggest SBIRT training increases students’ capacity to implement evidence-based interventions designed to reduce alcohol misuse.
The Role Of Painleve II In Predicting New Liquid Crystal Self-Assembly Mechanisms

We prove the existence of a new class of solutions, called shadow kinks, of the Painleve II equation $${{\frac {{\rm d}^{2} w}{{\rm d}z^{2}}}=2w^{3} +zw+\alpha,}$$ where $${\alpha < 0}$$ is a constant. Shadow kinks are sign changing solutions which satisfy $${ w(z) \sim -{\sqrt {-z/2}}\ {\rm as}\ z \to - \infty}$$ and $${w(z) \sim -{\frac {\alpha}{z}} \ {\rm as}\ z \to \infty.}$$ These solutions play a critical role in the prediction of a new class of topological defects, one dimensional shadow kinks and two dimensional shadow vortices, in light-matter interaction experiments on nematic liquid crystals. These new defects are physically important since it has recently been shown (Wang et al. in Nat Mater 15:106–112, 2016) that topological defects are a “template for molecular self-assembly” in liquid crystals. Connections with the modified KdV equation are also discussed.
Historical releases of mercury to air, land, and water from coal combustion

Coal combustion is one of the largest contemporary sources of anthropogenic mercury (Hg). It releases geologically sequestered Hg to the atmosphere, and fly ash can contaminate terrestrial and aquatic systems. We estimate that coal combustion has released a cumulative total of 38.0 (14.8-98.9, 80% C.I.) Gg (gigagrams, 109g or thousand tonnes) of Hg to air, land, and water up to the year 2010, most of which (97%) has occurred since 1850. The rate of release has grown by two orders of magnitude from 0.01Ggyr-1 in 1850 to 1Ggyr-1 in 2010. Geographically, Asia and Europe each account for 32% of cumulative releases and an additional 18% is from North America. About 26.3 (10.2-68.3) Gg, 71% of the total, were directly emitted to the atmosphere, mostly from the industrial (45%) and power generation (36%) sectors, while the remainder was disposed of to land and water bodies. While Europe and North America were the major contributing regions until 1950, Asia has surpassed both in recent decades. By 2010, Asia was responsible for 69% of the total releases of Hg from coal combustion to the environment. Control technologies installed on major emitting sources capture mainly particulate and divalent Hg, and therefore the fraction of elemental Hg in emissions from coal combustion has increased over time from 0.46 in 1850 to 0.61 in 2010. About 11.8 (4.6-30.6) Gg of Hg, 31% of the total, have been transferred to land and water bodies through the disposal or utilization of Hg-containing combustion waste and collected fly ash/FGD waste; approximately 8.8Gg of this Hg have simply been discarded to waste piles or ash ponds or rivers.
The "hidden" concealed left-sided accessory pathway: An uncommon cause of SVT in young people.

BACKGROUND Concealed left-sided accessory pathways (CLAP) are a cause of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in the young. Most are mapped with right ventricular (RV) apical/outflow pacing. Rarely, alternative means of mapping are required. We review our experience from three pediatric electrophysiology (EP) centers with a rare form of "hidden" CLAP. METHODS All patients <21 years undergoing EP study from 2008 to 2014 with a "hidden" CLAP (defined as an accessory pathway [AP] for which RV pacing at cycle lengths [CL] stable for mapping did not demonstrate eccentric retrograde conduction) were included. EXCLUSION CRITERIA preexcitation. Demographic, procedural, and follow-up data were collected. RESULTS A total of 23 patients met the criteria (median age, 14.3 years [range 7-21], weight, 51 kg [31-99]). 21 (96%) had SVT and one AFIB (4%). APs were adenosine sensitive in 7/20 patients (35%) and VA conduction was decremental in six (26%). CLAP conduction was demonstrable with orthodromic reentrant tachycardia in all patients, with RV extrastimulus testing in seven (30%) and with rapid RV pacing (<CL 300) in three (13%). Left ventricular (LV) pacing demonstrated CLAP conduction in 17/17 (100%) patients in whom it was used. All 23 CLAPs were successfully ablated (100%) via transseptal approach with radiofrequency energy. Specific ablation techniques included: 16 (70%) during LV paced rhythm, four (17%) during orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT; 3/4 ventricular entrained), and three (13%) with brief rapid RV pacing. There were no complications. At 18 months (range 3-96), there was one recurrence (4%). CONCLUSIONS Some CLAPs are only demonstrable with LV pacing, entrained ORT, or rapid RV pacing. LV pacing facilitated preferential AP conduction, allowing for mapping while maintaining stable hemodynamics.
Opportunities for Teachers to Learn Mathematics Through Professional Development and Instructional Tools

This chapter examines one district’s reform effort at developing teachers by providing them with mathematics coaching and various instructional tools as a window through which to discuss issues of in-service teachers’ opportunities to learn mathematics. This chapter is based on the premise that no effort to improve students’ opportunities to learn mathematics can succeed without a parallel attention to their teachers’ opportunities for learning. This chapter shows that although, in theory, professional development activities such as peer coaching and instructional tools such as Mathematics Instruction Guide and Periodic Assessments hold promise for teachers’ development of both content and pedagogy, anchoring a reform effort around testing and accountability, instead of continuous growth of teachers’ knowledge and skill, work against what the reform aims to accomplish.
Impact of a Safe Resident Handling Program in Nursing Homes on Return-to-Work and Re-injury Outcomes Following Work Injury.

Purpose This study examined the impact of a Safe Resident Handling Program (SRHP) on length of disability and re-injury, following work-related injuries of nursing home workers. Resident handling-related injuries and back injuries were of particular interest. Methods A large national nursing home corporation introduced a SRHP followed by three years of training for 136 centers. Lost-time workers’ compensation claims (3 years pre-SRHP and 6 years post-SRHP) were evaluated. For each claim, length of first episode of disability and recurrence of disabling injury were evaluated over time. Differences were assessed using Chi square analyses and a generalized linear model, and “avoided” costs were projected. Results The SRHP had no impact on length of disability, but did appear to significantly reduce the rate of recurrence among resident handling-related injuries. As indemnity and medical costs were three times higher for claimants with recurrent disabling injuries, the SRHP resulted in significant “avoided” costs due to “avoided” recurrence. Conclusions In addition to reducing overall injury rates, SRHPs appear to improve long-term return-to-work success by reducing the rate of recurrent disabling injuries resulting in work disability. In this study, the impact was sustained over years, even after a formal training and implementation program ended. Since back pain is inherently a recurrent condition, results suggest that SRHPs help workers remain at work and return-to-work.
Unfolding the Genome: The Case Study of P. falciparum.

Abstract The development of new ways to probe samples for the three-dimensional (3D) structure of DNA paves the way for in depth and systematic analyses of the genome architecture. 3C-like methods coupled with high-throughput sequencing can now assess physical interactions between pairs of loci in a genome-wide fashion, thus enabling the creation of genome-by-genome contact maps. The spreading of such protocols creates many new opportunities for methodological development: how can we infer 3D models from these contact maps? Can such models help us gain insights into biological processes? Several recent studies applied such protocols to P. falciparum (the deadliest of the five human malaria parasites), assessing its genome organization at different moments of its life cycle. With its small genomic size, fairly simple (yet changing) genomic organization during its lifecyle and strong correlation between chromatin folding and gene expression, this parasite is the ideal case study for applying and developing methods to infer 3D models and use them for downstream analysis. Here, I review a set of methods used to build and analyse three-dimensional models from contact maps data with a special highlight on P. falciparum ’s genome organization.
Adaptive Mesh Generation

These notes cover topics in mesh generation from a computational geometry perspective. This perspective means emphasis on difficiult domain geometry, unstructured triangular and tetrahedral meshes, and provable bounds on quality and complexity. We concentrate on new results, especially those results applicable to solution-adaptive methods in computational fluid dynamics.
Capture, conversion, and analysis of an intense NFS workload

We describe methods to capture, convert, store and analyze NFS workloads that are 20-100× more intense, in terms of operations/day, than any previously published. We describe three techniques that improve capture performance by up to 10× over previous techniques. For conversion, we use a general-purpose format that is both highly space efficient and provides efficient access to the trace data. For analysis, we describe a number of techniques adopted from the database community and some new techniques that facilitate analysis of very large traces. We also describe a number of guidelines for trace collection that should prove useful to future practitioners. Finally, we analyze a commercial feature animation (movie) rendering workload using these techniques and discuss the characteristics of the workload. Our implementation of these techniques is available as open source and the exact anonymized datasets we analyze are available for free download.
Effect of gene expression profile (GEP) testing on clinical management in 19% of consecutively treated patients with stage IB/IIA melanoma at a single institution.

e21080Background: A 31-GEP test is predictive of metastasis in cutaneous melanoma. We hypothesized that GEP testing would “upgrade” surveillance to routine imaging in at least 16% of stage IB/IIA p...
Manual of Purpose-Made Woodworking Joinery

A practical introduction to woodworking and purpose-made joinery, this book starts with the basics of interpreting drawings and works right the way through to designing and making stairs. Les Goring introduces each chapter with a brief historical overview of the topic, then goes on to explain how to carry out each task in a step-by-step manner. Including several hundred images, this book covers everything a student or keen hobbyist needs to know in order to carry out their own work. The breadth of coverage and easily accessible approach makes this book an ideal resource for apprentices taking NVQs and those following Construction Awards within Wood Occupations from City & Guilds/Construction Skills. The technical detail and practical focus ensures that this book will be a vital purchase for all students, and an essential reference for any experienced carpenter or joiner. In-depth, practical and accessible approach – ideal for new apprentices and experienced tradespeople alike. Fully up to date with the current Building Regulations and developments in the trade. Clear layout makes it easy to follow instructions. Also by this author: Manual of First and Second Fixing Carpentry, Third Edition 9781856177689
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Clinically Defined Heart Failure to Predict 90-Day Functional Outcome After Ischemic Stroke.

Abstract Background Heart failure (HF) is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, and post-stroke disability. However, differing definitions and application of HF-criteria may impact model prediction. We compared the predictive ability of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), a readily available objective echocardiographic index, with clinical HF definitions for functional disability and AF in stroke patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed ischemic stroke patients evaluated between January 2013 and May 2015. Outcomes of interest were: (a) 90-day functional disability (modified Rankin score 3-6) and (b) AF. We compared: (1) LVEF (continuous variable), (2) left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD)-categories (absent to severe), (3) clinical history of HF, and (4) HF/LVSD-categories: (i) HF absent without LVSD, (ii) HF absent with LVSD, (iii) HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and (iv) HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the predictive ability for 90-day disability and AF, respectively. Results Six hundred eighty five consecutive patients (44.5% female) fulfilled the study criteria and were included. After adjustment, the LVEF was independently associated with 90-day disability (OR .98, 95% CI .96-.99, P = .011) with similar predictive ability (area under the curve [AUC] = .85) to models including the LVSD-categories (AUC = .85), clinically define HF (AUC = .86), and HF/LVSD-categories (AUC = .86). The LVEF, HF, LVSD-, and HF/LVSD-categories were independently associated with AF (P Conclusions Compared to commonly defined HF definitions, the objectively determined LVEF possesses comparable predictive ability for 90-day disability and AF in stroke patients.
Energy Equilibration in the Antenna of Photosystem I from Cyanobacterium Synechocystis SP . PCC 6803

The Photosystem I core complex of cyanobacteria, green algae and higher plants is a unique membrane Chl a-binding protein that combines features of both an effective solar energy antenna and a converter of Chl excitation into the chemical energy of transmembrane charge separation via electron transfer reactions of the RC. The recent 4 A crystal structure of cyanobacterial PS I (1) revealed a network of about 80 Chl a molecules that surround the electron transfer cofactors of the RC. The distances between Chl a molecules in the core antenna lie in the range of 10–20 A, which enable fast energy transfer reactions. The excitation of a Chl a molecule results in a fast 0.2 Ps excitation hopping between neighboring Chls (2) followed by the energy equilibration over the antenna that for cyanobacteria is reported to be in the range of 2–4 ps (3). Finally, the excitation of the thermally equilibrated antenna is trapped by P700 within 20–30 ps in Synechocystis sp. PS I(3, 4) or 35 Ps in Synechococcus PS I(5).
Transitioning an Upper-Level, Integrated Laboratory Course to Remote and Online Instruction During the COVID-19 Pandemic

While the suspension of face-to-face instruction disrupted laboratory components of most chemistry-based classes at the college level, it was notably disruptive to upper-level chemistry courses based solely on laboratory experiences. This communication describes the logistical and pedagogical efforts made in an integrated, upper-level, laboratory-based chemistry course at Georgia Gwinnett College to engage students and to develop a relevant and meaningful assignment during the COVID-19 suspension of face-to-face classes. Instructor descriptions and reflections, examples of assignments, student feedback, and revisions for future iterations of this course are presented within.
Correction to: Long‑term survival after palliative argon plasma coagulation for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct.

In the original publication of the article, the co-author name “Masataka Ohki” should be changed to “Takamasa Ohki” in author group.
Goals of Care Discussions and Moral Distress Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Staff.

Abstract Context The relationship between quality of Goals of Care (GOC) conversations and moral distress among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) providers is not known. Objectives We sought 1) to explore levels of moral distress in providers, 2) to evaluate how staff moral distress changes in relation to GOC discussions, and 3) to identify elements of GOC discussions associated with change in moral distress. We hypothesized that staff moral distress would change after GOC discussions and that change would vary with presence of key discussion elements. Methods Prospective cohort study in a level IV NICU in an urban teaching hospital. We administered validated instruments at baseline and following GOC discussions including the Moral Distress Thermometer (MDT) and Williams Instrument (a measure of end-of-life care) to physicians, nurses, and social workers. Results We collected data on 79 GOC conversations over a 1-year period from 2018 to 2019. Most providers experienced an increase in moral distress following a GOC discussion. Providers experienced an average increase in moral distress, as measured by the MDT, of 0.84 (+/-3.15; P = 0.002). Physicians experienced an average change in moral distress of 1.1 (+/-3.52; P = 0.01) while nurses experienced an average change of 0.55 (+/-2.66; P = 0.07). Several elements of discussions were associated with the degree of increase in moral distress after the conversation. Conclusion Change in moral distress among providers may be a useful metric of quality of GOC discussions. There are identifiable elements of GOC conversations that are associated with high-quality discussions. These elements warrant further study.
Enhancer‐mediated reporter gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana: a forward genetic screen

Gene expression is controlled and regulated by interactions between cis-regulatory DNA elements (CREs) and regulatory proteins. Enhancers are one of the most important classes of CREs in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic genes, especially those related to development or responses to environmental cues, are often regulated by multiple enhancers in different tissues and/or at different developmental stages. Remarkably, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which enhancers regulate gene expression in plants. We identified a distal enhancer, CREβ, which regulates the expression of AtDGK7, which encodes a diacylglycerol kinase in Arabidopsis. We developed a transgenic line containing the luciferase reporter gene (LUC) driven by CREβ fused with a minimal cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. The CREβ enhancer was shown to play a role in the response to osmotic pressure of the LUC reporter gene. A forward genetic screen pipeline based on the transgenic line was established to generate mutations associated with altered expression of the LUC reporter gene. We identified a suite of mutants with variable LUC expression levels as well as different segregation patterns of the mutations in populations. We demonstrate that this pipeline will allow us to identify trans-regulatory factors associated with CREβ function as well as those acting in the regulation of the endogenous AtDGK7 gene.
Glioma cell heparan sulfate proteoglycans have an enhanced co-stimulator activity in FGF-2 signaling

4345 Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) signaling plays an important role in autocrine growth stimulation of gliomas. Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans (HSPGs) regulate FGF-2 signaling by participating in a ternary complex with FGF-2 and FGF receptor 1c (FGFR1c). The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that altered HSPG profiles contribute to loss of growth control in gliomas. HSPGs were evaluated with a reporter cell assay, which allows analysis of FGF co-stimulator activity in isolation from other cellular factors. In this assay, U251 glioma cell HSPGs had an enhanced ability to activate the FGF-2/FGFR1c complex, compared to normal astrocytes. Binding assays in vitro revealed that this increased activity can be attributed to a dramatically increased binding capacity of glioma cell HS in the ternary complex. In contrast, glioma cell HS affinity in the ternary FGF-2 signaling complex was not significantly different from normal astrocyte HS. This suggests a qualitative difference between glioma and normal astrocyte HS. Specific sulfation patterns and thus protein binding domains within HS are generated by the concerted action of numerous sulfotransferase enzymes. Therefore, we measured the expression profile of these enzymes by quantitative real time RT-PCR. We found that 3-O-sulfotransferase mRNA level was increased, and 2-O-sulfotransferase was decreased in glioma cells compared to normal astrocytes. Next, we examined a possible link between the enhanced activity of glioma HSPGs and specific HSPG core proteins. We found that in a panel of glioma cell lines, expression levels of the GPI-linked cell surface HSPG glypican-1 closely mirrored the activity of glioma HSPGs as FGF-2 co-activators. Furthermore, removal of glypican-1 from U251 HSPGs significantly reduced FGF-2 co-stimulator activity. In summary, our data indicate that altered HSPGs in gliomas contribute to enhanced signaling of FGF-2 via FGFR1c and that glypican-1 plays a specific role in this mitogenic pathway.
Outcomes Following Cholecystectomy on a Service Designed to Maximize Chief Resident Entrustment.

ABSTRACT Background: The chief resident service provides surgical trainees in their final year of training the opportunity to maximize responsibility, continuity, and decision-making. Although supervised, chief residents operate according to personal preferences instead of adapting to their attendings’ preferences. We hypothesized that outcomes following cholecystectomy are equivalent between the chief resident service and standard academic services. Methods: We matched adults undergoing cholecystectomy from 07/2016-06/2019 on the chief resident service to two standard academic service patients based on operative indication and age. We compared demographics, operative details, and 30-d complications. Results: This study included 186 patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Body mass index (32.4 versus 32.0, P = 0.49) and Charlson comorbidity index (0.9 versus 1.4, P = 0.16) were similar between chief resident and standard academic services, respectively. Operative approach was similar (95.2% laparoscopic on chief resident service versus 94.4% on standard service), but residents on the chief resident service performed cholangiograms more often (48.4% versus 22.6%, P Conclusions: With appropriate supervision, chief residents provide safe care for patients undergoing cholecystectomy while directing medical decisions and practicing according to their preferences.
From “Social Justice Vacant” to “Social Justice Explicit”: An Analysis of How Elementary Pre-service Teachers Imagine Teaching about COVID-19

As the COVID-19 pandemic invaded our lives in March of 2020, schools were forced to close their doors and urgently transition to remote learning. This action research study is about pre-service ele...
Purification and Some Properties of Scenedesmus Ferredoxin

Abstract A simple procedure for purification of ferredoxin from a green alga, Scenedesmus, is described. Crystalline ferredoxin had an absorption spectrum with maxima at 276, 330, 421, and 464 mµ and with minima at 255, 293, 390, and 445 mµ. The ratios of the optical densities at 421 and 330 mµ to that at 276 mµ were 0.651 and 0.883, respectively. The substance was shown to be pure by disc electrophoresis and sedimentation equilibrium methods. Two atoms of iron and 2 moles of labile sulfur were found per mole of ferredoxin. The amino acid composition was Lys4, His1, Arg1, Trp0, Asp12, Thr10, Ser8, Glu10, Pro4, Gly7, Ala10, Cys6, Val5, Met1, Ile3, Leu7, Tyr4, Phe3, (NH3)2. The amino- and carboxyl-terminal sequences are Ala-Thr-Tyr-Lys-Val-Thr-Leu-Lys-Thr-Pro and Leu-Phe, respectively. The activity of ferredoxin was assayed by the photo-reduction of TPN with illuminated spinach chloroplasts. Ferredoxins of spinach, Swiss chard, and Scenedesmus were found to have identical activities.
Phonology and Syntax: The Relation between Sound and Structure

A fundamentally new approach to the theory of phonology and its relation to syntax is developed in this book, which is the first to address the question of the relation between syntax and phonology in a systematic way.This general theory differs from its predecessors in the generative tradition in several respects. By arguing that the intonational structure of a sentence determines certain aspects of its stress pattern or rhythmic structure, and not vice versa, it provides a novel view of the intonation-stress relation. It also offers a new theory of the focus-prosody relation that solves a variety of classic puzzles and involves an appeal to the place of a focused constituent in the predicate-argument structure of the sentence. The book also includes other novel features, among them a development of the metrical grid theory of stress (including a complete treatment of English word stress in this framework), the representation of juncture in terms of "silent" positions in the metrical grid (with a treatment of sandhi in terms of this rhythmic juncture), and a "rhythmic" nonsyntactic approach to the basic phonology of function words in EnglishElisabeth 0. Selkirk is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. This book is tenth in the series, Current Studies in Linguistics.
Ceramide galactoside of enriched neuronal and glial fractions from rat brain.

Abstract Fractions enriched in neuronal and glial cells from rat brain, as well as myelin isolated from the same brain samples, were analyzed for the composition of cholesterol, phospholipids, cerebrosides, and sulfatides. The fatty acid composition of ceramide galactoside of neurons, glia, and myelin showed significant differences. Less hydroxy fatty acids were recovered from ceramide galactoside obtained from neurons and glia when compared to ceramide galactoside from myelin. The nonhydroxy fatty acids of ceramide galactoside of the two cell types were mainly composed of palmitate and stearate while that of myelin contained longer chain homologs.
DO WE REALLY NEED MORE PEDIATRICIANS

For some years we have been convinced that the United States was suffering from a great lack of pediatricians. Every overworked pediatrician shares this view. A recent review argues that double the current number of pediatricians are needed for the country. But there are some straws in the wind that make me believe we should reconsider this current "conventional wisdom." In planning for health manpower, as in other fields, we have usually been guilty of preparing to fight the last war. We would be ill advised to overproduce pediatricians, for to do so would risk the same disenchantment among pediatricians that has occurred with the current overproduction of acrospace engineers and some Ph.D. scientists.
Factors associated with substance use treatment completion in residential facilities.

Abstract Purpose Individuals in residential treatment often face many challenges, which can include limited education, unstable housing, difficulty participating in the workforce, and severe substance use problems. We analyzed factors associated with substance use treatment completion. We focused on factors that can be influenced by health care system changes resulting from the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Data and methods We used the 2010 Treatment Episode Data Set – Discharges (TEDS-D), which is made available by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). We analyzed factors associated with substance use treatment completion using logistic regression. Results Individuals in residential treatment were often unemployed or not in the labor force, had prior substance use treatment episodes, used more than one substance, and were uninsured. Factors associated with treatment completion included older age, greater education, employment, criminal justice referral, not being homeless, and private insurance. Conclusion The expansion in private insurance coverage as a result of the ACA may result in more treatment completion in residential settings. Changes to the Medicaid program resulting from the ACA, including coverage of substance use treatment as an essential health benefit and greater support for housing, education, and employment, may also contribute to more residential discharges ending in treatment completion.
High-k and low-loss polymer composites with co-fired Nd and Mg-Ca titanates for 3D RF and microwave printed devices: Fabrication and characterization

Two types of high-permittivity and low-loss flexible composite substrates based on a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer host matrix reinforced by NdTiO 3 and MgCaTiO 2 microfillers with volume loading concentration up to 25% have been prepared and characterized up to 20 GHz using cavity resonators. The 25% loaded PDMS-MgCaTiO 2 composites with co-fired fillers have exhibited relative permittivity er of ∼12.19 and loss tangent tanδ d 3 composites with co-fired fillers have shown a relative permittivity e r of ∼9.22 and loss tangent tanδ d 2 composite substrate and silver ink to form the conductive layer, achieving 20 dB return loss and about 10% bandwidth. Evidently these newly developed polymer-ceramic composites are well suited for applications up to the K-band and are amenable to 3D printing technology.
Energy Policy, Extraterritoriality, and the Dormant Commerce Clause

In the face of limited federal action to address climate change, states have attempted to fill the gap by creating new energy policies designed to promote renewable electricity generation, place limits on greenhouse gas emissions, and encourage the use of low-carbon fuels. In doing so, however, states necessarily influence regional and national energy markets, leading to challenges that they are discriminating against out-of-state interests and improperly interfering with interstate markets in violation of the dormant Commerce Clause. This article focuses specifically on potential challenges to state energy policy based on the “extraterritoriality doctrine” of the dormant Commerce Clause. In doing so, it considers two recent lawsuits involving dormant Commerce Clause challenges to state energy policy. In the first lawsuit, Midwestern ethanol producers sued the State of California over its Low Carbon Fuels Standard (LCFS) program on grounds that it discriminates against Midwest ethanol producers in favor of California ethanol producers and regulates extraterritorially in violation of the dormant Commerce Clause. In the second lawsuit, asserting similar claims, the State of North Dakota and the North Dakota lignite coal industry sued the State of Minnesota over provisions of its Next Generation Energy Act, which prohibits new coal-fired electricity generation in the state and prohibits imports of new coal-fired generation from outside the state without accompanying CO2 offsets. Like much state regulation, these laws impact interstate markets for goods and services, specifically, energy goods and services. Plaintiffs in the two cases use this fact to argue that the laws impermissibly control out of state activities and interfere with interstate markets in violation of the extraterritoriality doctrine of the dormant Commerce Clause. But to accept this argument requires courts to severely limit state energy policy to address climate change and to meet other legitimate state policy goals despite the fact that federal law gives states broad authority to regulate the use of fuels, electricity, and other energy sources within state borders. This article concludes by suggesting ways that courts can approach these types of cases that preserve state authority to develop innovative state energy policy while still upholding the principles of the dormant Commerce Clause.
Emotion socialization practices in Latina and European-American mothers of preschoolers with behavior problems

The present study examined mothers' emotion socialization of 3-year-old children with behavior problems, to determine whether emotion socialization practices, as well as the relation between these practices and child functioning, varied across ethnicities. Participants were 134 preschoolers with behavior problems. Mothers were European American (n = 96) and Latina American (n = 38; predominately Puerto Rican). Audiotaped mother-child interactions were coded for emotion socialization behaviors. Latina and European American mothers used similar emotion socialization practices on most dimensions. Latina mothers were more likely to minimize or not respond to their children's negative affect. However, this difference did not appear to have ramifications for children. This study provided evidence for both differences and similarities across ethnicities on emotion socialization practices.
Low temperature emission spectra of metal acetylacetonates

Abstract The phosphorescent properties of closed shell metal chelates have been studied in EPA at 77°K. The compounds investigated include the acetylacetonates of magnesium and Group III-A metal ions (Al, Ga, In) as well as the trifluoroacetylacetonate and hexafluoroacetylacetonate chelates of aluminum. The results indicate that although the metal center does not greatly affect the position or vibronic structure of the acetylacetonate luminescence it is important in both intersystem crossing and radiative coupling to the ground state in these systems. It is also concluded that there is little or no interaction between the ligand rings in the emitting triplet state. Altering the electron distribution in the ligand ring by successively replacing the −CH3 groups with −CF3 groups results in a red shift in the location of the emission and a marked alteration in the vibronic envelope. The luminescence of single crystals of aluminum, indium and gallium acetylacetonate has also been investigated. All three crystals exhibit a broad, short-lived emission which is assigned as fluorescence from an excimer-like configuration.
SU‐E‐T‐642: PET‐Image TCP‐Driven Biological Planning for Cervical Cancer High‐ Dose Rate Brachytherapy

Purpose: Tumor metabolic activities obtained from PET studies may facilitate targeted dose delivery to improve local tumor control. We perform feasibility tests on TCP‐driven PET‐image‐guided dose escalation in high‐ dose‐rate‐brachytherapy(HDR). Quality and robustness of plans, TCP, and potential outcome significance are evaluated. Methods: CT and 18F‐ fluorodeoxyglucosebased‐PET images are obtained for cervical cancer patients. Planning‐target‐volumes(PTV) and critical structures are delineated. Enhanced PET signal defines boost‐target‐volume(BTV). HDR plans are optimized to deliver 35Gy Ir‐192 to PTV and 37–40Gy to BTV following 45Gy external‐beam‐radiotherapy. Each dwell location is modeled via two variables: a binary variable to indicate whether a radioactive seed will be deposited and a continuous variable to denote dwell time. The treatment planning model ensures 95% PTV‐coverage. The objective seeks rapid dose fall‐off from the prescribed dose while maximizing TCP. For each patient‐case, we compare 3 plans: 1)standard HDR plan, 2)escalation with same PTV prescription dose, and 3)escalation with reduced PTV prescription dose. Results: Standard plans have TCP values 48% to 73%. In all patients(15), escalated plans of >=37Gy to BTV result in slight reduction in rectum and bladder dose, and 40Gy for over 99% of BTV. TCP values range from 81% to 96%. When BTV is less than 15% of PTV, dose escalation and standard plans have virtually identical PTV dose. When BTV occupies over 20% of PTV, dose escalation to PET intrinsically increases PTV dose(1–5%). When PTV is prescribed 33Gy, independent of BTV, escalation can be achieved while dose to PTV, bladder and rectum are reduced. Conclusions: The presented algorithm allows for PET‐enhanced treatment, which facilitates targeted delivery of escalated dose and potential improvements in clinical outcome. Our study reveals significant improvement in tumor control and organs‐at‐risk dose reduction. Clinical studies for PET hot‐HDR dose re‐steering are in progress to test its feasibility, validate its importance, and measure potential gain in clinical outcome. The work of the first author is partially supported by funds from the National Science Foundation.
ParMap, an algorithm for the identification of small genomic insertions and deletions in nextgen sequencing data

Background Next-generation sequencing produces high-throughput data, albeit with greater error and shorter reads than traditional Sanger sequencing methods. This complicates the detection of genomic variations, especially, small insertions and deletions.
The Disorder of Drum-Taps

Examines the printing history of Drum-Taps, comparing "the March 1865 advertising placard to the final table of contents," establishing "the high cost of paper in the late Civil War and Whitman's financial concerns," identifying "the different type designs in Drum-Taps," showing "how each change reveals a new stage in the production process," and reexamining "the surviving documentary evidence of the printing process to create a more complete chronology of the process of revision and publication"; concludes that the book was largely arranged to economize space and save paper and that Drum-Taps becomes a "poignant reflection of the war, embodying in its very arrangements the wounds and scars of April 1865."
Fungi on Juncus roemerianus. 6. Glomerobolus gen.nov., the first ballistic member of Agonomycetales.

Glomerobolus gelineus gen. et sp. nov., a new member of the Agonomycetales is described from Juncus roemerianus salt marshes in North Carolina with special emphasis on the unique discharge mechanis...