cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Onsager relations and the Pauli equation

Abstract Onsager relations for the electrical conductivity and for the response of atomic systems to radiation field are expressed in terms of transition probabilities.
Quantity leadership and social inefficiency

A game of simultaneous free entry and sequential output choices is analyzed. Firms enter simultaneously in stage 1 by paying a fixed cost, and they choose output levels sequentially in subsequent stages. At the subgame-perfect equilibrium of the game, the production level of a firm is decreasing with the order of the firm in the decision-making. The firm that is the last to choose output produces the same amount as a typical firm in the standard symmetric simultaneous-moves Cournot game. Moreover, industry output and market price are identical in the sequential and the symmetric Cournot games. It follows that in the sequential game there are fewer active firms and higher total surplus than in the standard symmetric Cournot game. Strategic asymmetry results in higher concentration and higher total surplus without an increase in price!
Gender Differences in Expectations of Self and Future Partner

The expectations that 131 single female and 103 male college students had for themselves and their future marital partners were investigated using a combination of open-ended items and Likert-type scales. Although the students did not differ on expectations for personal success, they did differ on expectations for the success of their future marital partner. Young women expected more success for their future husbands than young men expected for their future wives. In addition, women expected their future husbands to make significantly more money and have higher educational achievements, and to be more intelligent, more successful, and better able to handle things than themselves. The implications of these findings for intimate relationships are discussed.
A New Location for the Tody Motmot (Hylomanes momotula) in Costa Rica

Abstract The Tody Motmot (Hylomanes momotula) has a fragmented range throughout Central America. I present evidence from audio recordings for a new location for this species in Costa Rica. Individuals detected likely represent a previously undiscovered population in the foothills of the Caribbean Slope of the Tilaran Mountains. A small population of Tody Motmots could easily be overlooked in foothill forests drained by the Jamaical, San Lorencito, and San Lorenzo rivers, which are exclusively on private land.
Dispersion engineered metamaterial-based transmission line for conformal surface application

In this paper, a novel conformal metamaterial-based transmission line (TL) is introduced and the effect of conformation is investigated. The presented structure is a 25 unit-cell composite right/left-handed (CRLH) TL that is conformed on a cylindrical object with a radius of 20.0 cm. The effect of conformation on this CRLH TL is investigated for two situations: slow-wave mode operation and fast-wave mode operation. It is shown that conformation has insignificant effect on the structure’s performance in terms of S-parameters when the structure is operating in the slow-wave region. Conversely, when the CRLH TL is operating in the fast-wave region conformation will result in significant performance changes. These changes occur in terms of the leaky-wave radiation characteristics of the structure. In the later case, dispersion engineering is employed to modify the conformal structure such that it provides comparable performance to the planar version in terms of radiation characteristics.
On the Improvement of Statistical Timing Analysis

As the minimum feature sizes of VLSI fabrication processes continue to shrink, the impact of process variations is becoming increasingly significant. This has prompted research into extending traditional static timing analysis so that it can be performed statistically. However, statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) tends to be quite pessimistic. In this paper we present a sensitizable statistical timing analysis (StatSense) technique to overcome the pessimism of SSTA. Our StatSense approach implicitly eliminates false paths, and also uses different delay distributions for different input transitions for any gate. These features enable our StatSense approach to perform less conservative timing analysis than the SSTA approach. Our results show that on average, the worst case (mu + 3sigma) circuit delay reported by StatSense is about 20% lower than that reported by SSTA.
Thymidine Triphosphate Nucleotidohydrolase and Deoxyuridylate Hydroxymethylase Induced by Mutants of Bacillus subtilis Bacteriophage SP82G

Assays on extracts of Bacillus subtilis infected by temperature-sensitive mutants of bacteriophage SP82G indicate that thymidine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase may not be an essential SP82G enzyme and that deoxyuridylate hydroxymethylase is an essential enzyme coded for by SP82G gene 2.
Raf-1 activation in gastrointestinal carcinoid cells decreases tumor cell adhesion.

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors are highly metastatic. Activation of the Raf-1 signaling pathway in carcinoid cells results in morphologic changes. These Raf-1–induced structural changes may affect cellular adhesion, thereby altering metastatic potential. Methods An estrogen-inducible Raf-1 cell line (BON-raf) was used to study the effects of Raf-1 on cellular adhesion. Cell adhesion was measured before and after Raf-1 induction. Western blot analysis was used to confirm Raf-1 activation and measure levels of an essential adhesion regulator, β-catenin. Results Estrogen treatment of BON-raf cells resulted in Raf-1 activation and a marked decrease (68%) in cell adhesion. In the absence of Raf-1 induction, carcinoid cells expressed high levels of β-catenin. Raf-1 activation led to decreased expression of β-catenin. Conclusions Raf-1 induction in carcinoid cells results in a significant decrease in adhesion. Furthermore, the important adhesion regulator, β-catenin, is decreased in activated BON-raf cells. These Raf-1-related changes in adhesion may alter the metastatic phenotype of carcinoid cells.
Photon production through A1 resonance in high-energy heavy-ion collisions.

Electromagnetic radiation from excited hadronic matter is one of the best ways to study the properties of matter. Considering various processes in the hadronic gas, Kapusta, Lichard, and Seibert have found a $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ reaction with an intermediate virtual $\ensuremath{\pi}$ or $\ensuremath{\rho}$ to be the main source of photons with energy greater than 0.7 GeV. However, at temperatures considered, $T=100\ensuremath{-}200$ MeV, a $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rho}$ pair can easily form an ${A}_{1}(1260)$ resonance, and we show that this mechanism leads to photon production rates exceeding those suggested previously.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for power-split Hybrid Electric Vehicles

In this paper, a causal optimal controller based on Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) is developed for a power-split Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). The global fuel minimization problem is converted to a finite horizon optimal control problem with an approximated cost-to-go, using the relationship between the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation and the Pontryagin's minimum principle. A nonlinear MPC framework is employed to solve the problem online. Different methods for tuning the approximated minimum cost-to-go as a design parameter of the MPC are discussed. Simulation results on a validated high-fidelity closed-loop model of a power-split HEV over multiple driving cycles show that with the proposed strategy, the fuel economies are improved noticeably with respect to those of an available controller in the commercial Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) software and a linear time-varying MPC controller previously developed by the authors.
Comparing trade instruments using spreadsheets

This article describes the use of Microsoft Excel to illustrate how different trade instruments affect total welfare. The article highlights seven Excel worksheets that show different trade instruments and their effect on total welfare. The first worksheet shows the determination of world equilibrium price and quantity for a two-country world example. A second shows how the imposition of a tariff affects the equilibrium price and quantity for both countries and the welfare of consumers and producers in both countries. A third shows how these same variables are affected if the country imposing the tariff is small relative to all other countries in the world. Another shows graphically how to measure consumer and producer surplus. The final three worksheets compare the effects of a tariff, a subsidy, and a support price on consumers’ and producers’ welfare and government revenue.
Primary sternal osteomyelitis with bacteremia and distal seeding

Abstract Background Primary sternal osteomyelitis is a rare disease, whereas secondary sternal osteomyelitis is relatively well known as a complication in post-sternotomy patients. Objective Describe a case of primary Staphylococcus aureus sternal osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent man and its diagnostic challenges, treatment, and complications. Case Report A 46-year-old man presented with prolonged sternal pain and swelling, fatigue, and fever. He is diagnosed with primary sternal osteomyelitis with concurrent bacteremia and complicated by local and distant abscess formation. The diagnosis was aided by computed tomography, and treatment consisted of incision and drainage and long-term antibiotics. Conclusion Primary sternal osteomyelitis is uncommon and often difficult to diagnose. Complications include abscess formation and distal seeding. Diagnosis can be aided by a detailed history and radiography, and treatment may consist of a prolonged course of antibiotics and incision and drainage.
A simple characterization for truth-revealing single-item auctions

We give a simple characterization of all single-item truth-revealing auctions under some mild (and natural) assumptions about the auctions. Our work opens up the possibility of using variational calculus to design auctions having desired properties.
Environmental Regulation, Energy, and Market Entry

As my contribution to a symposium, I was asked to identify and to discuss conflicts between environmental regulation and pursuit of the goals of national energy policy. I identify three contexts in which I see clear conflicts between environmental regulation and energy policy - gasoline production, importation of liquefied natural gas, and transmission of electricity. In each case, I conclude that the conflict is attributable to state and local regulations. In the case of the gasoline market, I conclude that the market is beginning to perform poorly because of a combination of state land use regulations that make it impossible to construct new refineries and state gasoline-type mandates that are in the process of transforming the highly competitive and efficient national gasoline market into scores of much smaller inefficient markets that are increasingly susceptible to both unilateral and collusive exercises of market power. In the case of the natural gas market, I conclude that state and local government attempts to assert the power to veto federally approved liquefied natural gas terminals place us in jeopardy of experiencing a devastating shortage of natural gas in the next few years. In the case of electricity transmission, I conclude that our rapidly growing shortage of transmission capacity is already costing us many billions of dollars per year and increasing dramatically our vulnerability to widespread blackouts and price spikes, and that the shortage is attributable primarily to state and local land use regulation. In each case, the conflict can be eliminated only by reducing the power of state and local regulators and/or by transferring some regulatory power from state and local institutions to federal institutions.
The role of restricted motility in determining outcomes for vertical strabismus surgery in graves’ ophthalmopathy

Abstract Objective To identify factors predictive of operative success or failure for vertical muscle surgery performed in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Design Prospective noncomparative case series. Participants Thirty-one consecutive patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy who demonstrated vertical ocular motor imbalance, with or without simultaneous horizontal muscle imbalance. Intervention Vertical extraocular muscle surgery performed either in isolation or in association with horizontal muscle surgery. Main outcome measurements Vertical limitations of extraocular muscles were correlated with preoperative hypertropia. Stepwise linear regression was used to determine the significant predictors of postoperative hypertropia in primary gaze. Logistic analysis was used to estimate the probability of surgical failure (>5 diopters) on the basis of preoperative parameters. Results The amount of preoperative hypertropia was negatively correlated with total restriction of vertical ductions ( r = −0.52, P r = 0.67, P r = 0.74, P Conclusions Surgery tailored to address restriction of ductions, specifically the difference between contralateral opposing recti, is likely to improve the success of initial surgery beyond that based primarily on the magnitude of the vertical deviation.
Epithelial Barriers in Homeostasis and Disease

Epithelia form barriers that are essential to life. This is particularly true in the intestine, where the epithelial barrier supports nutrient and water transport while preventing microbial contamination of the interstitial tissues. Along with plasma membranes, the intercellular tight junction is the primary cellular determinant of epithelial barrier function. Disruption of tight junction structure, as a result of specific protein mutations or aberrant regulatory signals, can be both a cause and an effect of disease. Recent advances have provided new insights into the extracellular signals and intracellular mediators of tight junction regulation in disease states as well as into the interactions of intestinal barrier function with mucosal immune cells and luminal microbiota. In this review, we discuss the critical roles of the tight junction in health and explore the contributions of barrier dysfunction to disease pathogenesis.
The basic difference between solving an operator equation and a matrix equation by the conjugate gradient

In conventional matrix methods, the problem is first discretized by selecting a set of basis functions and then solving the resulting matrix problem exactly so that the error is always zero. By applying the conjugate gradient (iterative) method directly to solve an operator equation, an exact solution is developed of the problem to the infinite-dimensional problem in a symbolic fashion. The exact solution is attained in M steps where M is the number of independent eigenvalues of the operator in the infinite-dimensional space. From a computational point of view, the solutions for the two equations are similar (or different) depending on how the weighting function is integrated in the inner product and how the derivative operator is treated; this is a secondary point for the iterative methods. The greatest strength of the iterative method the solution of the operator equation lies in the fact that unlike matrix methods, the nature of the expansion functions (i.e. the discretized version for the unknown) can be changed at each iteration depending the desired degree of accuracy and the discretization error can be quantified at each iteration, if so desired. >
Some Considerations Relating to Property Rights in Man

The existence of property rights affects the allocation and distribution of economic resources. The exclusive rights to ownership and control over assets leads to a different level and pattern of economic activity than would occur if these assets remained unowned or “common property.” While property rights are frequently subject to various constraints imposed by law or custom, within these bounds owners are free to use their resources to achieve their desired ends. Resources may be sold in an exchange of property rights, rented for a specified time period in exchange for some quid pro quo, or employed (or kept idle) by the owner himself. The owner's welfare function will include the income (or other utility) derived from use of the resource, while, for purposes of measuring national income, the final consumption of the entire population would be included.
Automated stereo vision instrument tracking for intraoperative OCT guided anterior segment ophthalmic surgical maneuvers.

Microscope-integrated intraoperative OCT (iOCT) enables imaging of tissue cross-sections concurrent with ophthalmic surgical maneuvers. However, limited acquisition rates and complex three-dimensional visualization methods preclude real-time surgical guidance using iOCT. We present an automated stereo vision surgical instrument tracking system integrated with a prototype iOCT system. We demonstrate, for the first time, automatically tracked video-rate cross-sectional iOCT imaging of instrument-tissue interactions during ophthalmic surgical maneuvers. The iOCT scan-field is automatically centered on the surgical instrument tip, ensuring continuous visualization of instrument positions relative to the underlying tissue over a 2500 mm2 field with sub-millimeter positional resolution and <1° angular resolution. Automated instrument tracking has the added advantage of providing feedback on surgical dynamics during precision tissue manipulations because it makes it possible to use only two cross-sectional iOCT images, aligned parallel and perpendicular to the surgical instrument, which also reduces both system complexity and data throughput requirements. Our current implementation is suitable for anterior segment surgery. Further system modifications are proposed for applications in posterior segment surgery. Finally, the instrument tracking system described is modular and system agnostic, making it compatible with different commercial and research OCT and surgical microscopy systems and surgical instrumentations. These advances address critical barriers to the development of iOCT-guided surgical maneuvers and may also be translatable to applications in microsurgery outside of ophthalmology.
Stable Homotopy and Homology

The adjoint of the identity map of SW is a map λ 0 : W → ΩSW. For any CW-complex K, [K, ΩSW] ≈ [SK, SW]; moreover, the injection [K, W] → [K, ΩSW] corresponds under this isomorphism to the suspension operator $$S_* :[K,W] \to [SK,SW]$$ If W is (n — l)-connected, then (ΩSW, W) is (2n — l)-connected. Thus S* is an isomorphism if dim K ≤ 2n — 2 and an epimorphism if dim K = 2n — 1.
Linking process, structure, property, and performance for metal-based additive manufacturing: computational approaches with experimental support

Additive manufacturing (AM) methods for rapid prototyping of 3D materials (3D printing) have become increasingly popular with a particular recent emphasis on those methods used for metallic materials. These processes typically involve an accumulation of cyclic phase changes. The widespread interest in these methods is largely stimulated by their unique ability to create components of considerable complexity. However, modeling such processes is exceedingly difficult due to the highly localized and drastic material evolution that often occurs over the course of the manufacture time of each component. Final product characterization and validation are currently driven primarily by experimental means as a result of the lack of robust modeling procedures. In the present work, the authors discuss primary detrimental hurdles that have plagued effective modeling of AM methods for metallic materials while also providing logical speculation into preferable research directions for overcoming these hurdles. The primary focus of this work encompasses the specific areas of high-performance computing, multiscale modeling, materials characterization, process modeling, experimentation, and validation for final product performance of additively manufactured metallic components.
Fineprint Company (C)

John Johnson, the owner of the FinePrint Company, is presented with several opportunities to consider: (1) whether to accept a one-time special printing order (the A case, UVA-C-2193), (2) whether to outsource some of his printing to another printing company (the B case, UVA-C-2194), and (3) whether to both accept the one-time special order and outsource it to another printing company (the C case). In making his decision, he must consider the relevance of certain costs, the behavior of those costs, and the extent to which he has capacity constraints.
Goetz on the Noncausal Libertarian View of Free Will

According to the libertarian view of free will, people sometimes act freely, but this freedom is incompatible with causal determinism. Goetz (1997, 1998, 2008) has developed an important and unusual libertarian view of free will. Rather than simply arguing that a person's free actions cannot be causally determined, Goetz argues that they cannot be caused at all. According to Goetz, in order for a person to act freely, her actions must be uncaused.1 My aim in this essay is to evaluate Goetz's “noncausal” libertarian view of free will. In section 1, I outline Goetz's view. In section 2, I develop two criticisms of his view. In section 3, I develop an improved “positive” account of the noncausal view, which takes Goetz's metaphysical framework as its point of departure but is not subject to the criticisms that plague his development of this framework. Finally, in section 4, I respond to some objections to my proposed noncausal view.
A Bayesian nonparametric Markovian model for non-stationary time series

Stationary time series models built from parametric distributions are, in general, limited in scope due to the assumptions imposed on the residual distribution and autoregression relationship. We present a modeling approach for univariate time series data, which makes no assumptions of stationarity, and can accommodate complex dynamics and capture non-standard distributions. The model for the transition density arises from the conditional distribution implied by a Bayesian nonparametric mixture of bivariate normals. This results in a flexible autoregressive form for the conditional transition density, defining a time-homogeneous, non-stationary Markovian model for real-valued data indexed in discrete time. To obtain a computationally tractable algorithm for posterior inference, we utilize a square-root-free Cholesky decomposition of the mixture kernel covariance matrix. Results from simulated data suggest that the model is able to recover challenging transition densities and non-linear dynamic relationships. We also illustrate the model on time intervals between eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser. Extensions to accommodate higher order structure and to develop a state-space model are also discussed.
Identification of binding specificity-determining features in protein families.

We present a new approach for identifying features of ligand–protein binding interfaces that predict binding selectivity and demonstrate its effectiveness for predicting kinase inhibitor specificity. We analyzed a large set of human kinases and kinase inhibitors using clustering of experimentally determined inhibition constants (to define specificity classes of kinases and inhibitors) and virtual ligand docking (to extract structural and chemical features of the ligand–protein binding interfaces). We then used statistical methods to identify features characteristic of each class. Machine learning was employed to determine which combinations of characteristic features were predictive of class membership and to predict binding specificities and affinities of new compounds. Experiments showed predictions were 70% accurate. These results show that our method can automatically pinpoint on the three-dimensional binding interfaces pharmacophore-like features that act as “selectivity filters”. The method is not r...
Mortality Risk to Young Pronghorns from Handling

Because of scientific, management, and ethical considerations, it is important to know if capture and handling of neonatal ungulates increases their mortality risk. At the National Bison Range in northwestern Montana, where coyotes annually kill many young, I captured and marked young pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) in most years from 1981 to 1996 and recorded the number that were born and the number that survived to weaning each year. Mortality of young was ≥56% in all years, and the number of coyotes removed from the range of pronghorns in May and June was significantly correlated with the percentage of young that survived. Capture effort varied from none to intense among years, and not all young were captured in any year. I found no evidence that mortality risk was increased due to handling. With proper precautions, one may handle young pronghorns without exposing them to additional risk.
An ecohydrologic model for a shallow groundwater urban environment.

The urban environment is a patchwork of natural and artificial surfaces that results in complex interactions with and impacts to natural hydrologic cycles. Evapotranspiration is a major hydrologic flow that is often altered through urbanization, although the mechanisms of change are sometimes difficult to tease out due to difficulty in effectively simulating soil–plant–atmosphere interactions. This paper introduces a simplified yet realistic model that is a combination of existing surface runoff and ecohydrology models designed to increase the quantitative understanding of complex urban hydrologic processes. Results demonstrate that the model is capable of simulating the long-term variability of major hydrologic fluxes as a function of impervious surface, temperature, water table elevation, canopy interception, soil characteristics, precipitation and complex mechanisms of plant water uptake. These understandings have potential implications for holistic urban water system management.
Cost Effectiveness of Marketing Channels Used by the Property and Liability Insurance Industry

The relative cost effectiveness of distribution channels used in the property and liability insurance industry was determined through multiple regression analysis. Study results suggest that a step function exists which describes the relative costliness of the various distribution systems. In the current study, the highest cost system appeared to be the independent agency system, followed by the exclusive agency system. Next was the salaried employee system, and finally the mail order system.
Label-Free Detection and Discrimination of Bacterial Pathogens Based on Hemin Recognition

Hemin linked to hexa(ethylene glycol)bishydrazide was patterned by inkjet printing into periodic microarrays, and evaluated for their ability to capture bacterial pathogens expressing various hemin receptors. Bacterial adhesion was imaged under darkfield conditions with Fourier analysis, supporting a label-free method of pathogen detection. Hemin microarrays were screened against a panel of 16 bacteria and found capable of capturing multiple species, some with limits of detection as low as 10(3) cfu/mL. Several Gram-positive strains including Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis also exhibited rapid adhesion, enabling pattern recognition within minutes of exposure. This can be attributed to differences in hemin acquisition systems: aggressively adherent bacteria express cell-surface hemin receptors (CSHRs) that enable direct hemin binding and uptake, whereas other types of bacteria including most Gram-negative strains rely on the secretion and recapture of soluble proteins (hemophores) for hemin acquisition, with consequently longer times for ligand binding and detection.
Observing Frontal Instabilities of the Florida Current Using High Frequency Radar

Recent results using high frequency (HF) radar to investigate shear-zone instability along the frontal regions of the Florida Current are presented. The ability of HF radar to map ocean surface currents over a two-dimensional area, in an operational long-term deployment, provides a unique dataset with which to study this rapidly evolving western boundary current. Two case studies demonstrate the power of HF radar to (1) reveal new information regarding flow field kinematics of previously studied features, and (2) measure transient phenomena that have been historically difficult to capture with ship and moored point measurements, or to resolve with satellite imagery. The first case study is an investigation into the flow field kinematics of a cyclonic submesoscale frontal eddy, and the second is an analysis of a near-inertial velocity signal along the anticyclonic flank of the Florida Current.
Light Chain Amyloidosis

Light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common cause of acquired systemic amyloidosis. It is a highly heterogeneous disease with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation. Prognosis of AL amyloidosis depends on organ, particularly cardiac, involvement. Treatment of AL amyloidosis includes chemotherapy using alkylators, novel therapies and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. Amyloid fibril-directed therapy is currently lacking. In this chapter, the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of AL amyloidosis is reviewed and discussed.
Review of energy efficiency and system performance of residential heat pump water heaters

Abstract Water heating represents significant energy use in residential applications. Therefore, energy efficient water heating is an essential component to achieve national energy saving goals. Although heat pump water heaters have been around for over three decades, this technology has only matured in recent years, in part because of improved systems and infrastructure as well as emerging energy conservation standards on water heating. The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive and in-depth review of heat pump water heater research on system energy efficiency and performance topics. The study focuses on laboratory and field (in-situ) experiments and measurements, modeling of energy use and efficiency, technological modifications or upgrades, and control operation strategies; with emphasis on the Coefficient of Performance (COP), reliability, and energy savings. The review shows that while most of current heat pump water heater systems operate in the COP range of 1.8–2.5, there are some potential technological updates that could augment the current systems and increase COP to a range of 2.8–5.5. Issues that could dampen the adoption of these technologies are discussed. The review identifies key areas for future studies that are still lacking in support of various changes suggested for increasing heat pump water heaters efficiency and performance.
Use of three-dimensional, CAD/CAM-assisted, virtual surgical simulation and planning in the pediatric craniofacial population.

Abstract Objective Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP) and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) have recently helped improve efficiency and accuracy in many different craniofacial surgeries. Research has mainly focused on the use in the adult population with the exception of the use for mandibular distractions and cranial vault remodeling in the pediatric population. This study aims to elucidate the role of VSP and CAD/CAM in complex pediatric craniofacial cases by exploring its use in the correction of midface hypoplasia, orbital dystopia, mandibular reconstruction, and posterior cranial vault expansion. Method/Description A retrospective analysis of thirteen patients who underwent 3d, CAD/CAM- assisted preoperative surgical planning between 2012 and 2016 was performed. All CAD/CAM assisted surgical planning was done in conjunction with a third party vendor (either 3D Systems or Materialise). Cutting and positioning guides as well as models were produced based on the virtual plan. Surgeries included free fibula mandible reconstruction (n = 4), lefort I osteotomy and distraction (n = 2), lefort II osteotomy with monobloc distraction (n = 1), expansion of the posterior vault for correction of chiari malformation (n = 3), and secondary orbital and midface reconstruction for facial trauma (n = 3). The patient's age, diagnosis, previous surgeries, length of operating time, complications, and post-surgery satisfaction were determined. Results In all cases we found presurgical planning was helpful to improve accuracy and significantly decrease intra-operative time. In cases where distraction was used, the planned and actual vectors were found to be accurate with excellent clinical outcomes. There were no complications except for one patient who experienced a wound infection post-operatively which did not alter the ultimate reconstruction. All patients experienced high satisfaction with their outcomes and excellent subjective aesthetic results were achieved. Conclusions Preoperative planning using CAD/CAM and VSP allows for safe and precise craniofacial reconstruction in complex pediatric cases with a reduction of operative time.
Leaving Lessons: Learning from the Exit Decisions of Experienced Teachers.

For most teachers in the United States, teaching is no longer a career-long occupation. This article examines the narratives of a particular group of leavers, former teachers who made significant i...
Psychiatric Comorbidity, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Mental Health Service Utilization Among Patients Awaiting Liver Transplant

Abstract Context The prevalence of psychiatric disorders and mental health service utilization among patients with end-stage liver disease awaiting transplant remains understudied. Objectives This study assessed the prevalence of psychological disorders and symptoms with the use of a structured diagnostic interview and self-report measures, and examined patient-reported mental health service utilization and barriers to care. Methods Waitlisted liver transplant candidates (N = 120) completed assessments during routine clinic appointments at a single time point. Results Participants endorsed moderate-to-severe levels of depression (19.2%), anxiety (26.7%), and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (23.3%). Forty-three percent had received some form of mental health treatment in the recent past, and a range of barriers to accessing mental health services were endorsed. In a subset of 39 participants who received a structure diagnostic assessment, there was a high prevalence of current (51.3%) and past (82.1%) psychiatric disorders. Elevated scores on depression, anxiety, and PTSD measures were associated with significant decrements in health-related quality of life, but were not differentially associated with mental health service utilization. Conclusion There are a significant number of end-stage liver disease patients who could benefit from intervention who are not currently connected to treatment. Many patients do not see the need for accessing services, perhaps because of a lack of insight or knowledge about the benefits of mental health treatment. Future research should determine optimal treatment and service delivery methods for this vulnerable population.
Coomassie Stainable Particles (CSP): Protein Containing Exopolymer Particles in the Ocean

Exopolymer particles play a significant role in biogeochemical processes in the ocean. Coomassie stainable particles (CSP) are a class of gel-like exopolymer particles that contain protein. CSP are also abundant and ubiquitous in the global ocean, from the sea surface microlayer (SML) to depths in excess of 4,000 m. A synthesis of data from the literature estimates a median CSP concentration of 58 mm2 L-1, with a median particle abundance of 21 x 106 particles L-1. CSP are also abundant in cultures of diatoms, cyanobacteria, and heterotrophic bacteria, indicating that microorganisms are a significant source. Limited data suggest that CSP are more labile and less sticky than transparent exopolymer particles (TEP). CSP are a component of primary organic aerosol and are injected into the atmosphere by bubble bursting. However, it is not known whether CSP contribute to cloud formation by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) or ice nucleating particles (INP). Better conceptual models of the factors affecting CSP production are needed. These should integrate the physiological ecology of microorganisms producing or degrading CSP with abiotic processes, such as particle aggregation. Whether CSP is a conceptually, rather than operationally, useful definition depends on whether CSP have unique and measurable properties that distinguish them from the bulk dissolved organic matter (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) pools, and TEP. A research priority is the development of methods to quantify CSP in terms of biogeochemically significant elements, namely carbon and nitrogen. It is only through quantitative methods that the significance of CSP in processes, such as the biological carbon pump and marine aerosol dynamics, can be determined.
Outcomes in Mild to Moderate Isolated Thrombocytopenia.

OBJECTIVES: Incidental isolated mild to moderate thrombocytopenia is a frequent laboratory finding prompting a referral to pediatric hematology-oncology. We tested the hypothesis that patients with isolated asymptomatic mild thrombocytopenia would not progress to require an intervention from a pediatric hematologist–oncologist. METHODS: This is a 5-year retrospective review of 113 patients referred to pediatric hematology–oncology for isolated thrombocytopenia. Initial, lowest, and current platelet counts along with clinical course and need for interventions were recorded. Thrombocytopenia was categorized as mild (platelet count: 101–140 × 103/μL), moderate (platelet count: 51–100 × 103/μL), severe (platelet count: 21–50 × 103/μL), and very severe (platelet count: ≤20 × 103/μL). RESULTS: Eight of 48 patients (17%) referred for initial mild isolated thrombocytopenia progressed to moderate thrombocytopenia at 1 visit. At present, 2 of these patients have moderate thrombocytopenia, 17 remain with mild thrombocytopenia, and 29 patients have resolved thrombocytopenia. Nine of 65 patients (14%) referred for moderate thrombocytopenia progressed to severe or very severe thrombocytopenia on 1 occasion. At present, no patients have severe thrombocytopenia, 18 remain with moderate thrombocytopenia, 14 improved to mild thrombocytopenia, and 33 have resolved thrombocytopenia. Only 3 patients required interventions from a hematologist, whereas 10 patients required therapy from other subspecialties. CONCLUSIONS: We only identified 3 patients (3%) with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia who required an intervention from a hematologist to improve platelet counts. Patients with isolated mild thrombocytopenia with a normal bleeding history and physical examination findings frequently have normalized their platelet counts within 1 month.
Action of Juvenile Hormone on Imaginal Discs of the Indian Meal Moth

The action of the corpora allata, which secrete juvenile hormone (JH), on the development of imaginal discs has received limited attention during the three decades that followed Vogt’s pioneering work with Diptera. Vogt (1943) reported that removal of the medial cells (corpora allata) of the ring gland in larvae resulted in accelerated development of the eye discs. Precocious development of imaginal discs was also obtained by transplanting imaginal discs into a JH-free milieu. In these experiments Williams (1961) transplanted wing discs from Cynthia into chilled pupae. The discs metamorphosed with the host into pupal, pupal-adult, or directly into adult structures. Not only could the imaginal discs be induced to metamorphose prematurely by reducing their exposure to JH, but they could also be maintained in an undifferentiated state by extending the JH period. These early studies demonstrated that the corpora allata prevented the differentiation of imaginal discs in both dipteran (Vogt, 1946; Possompes, 1953) and lepidopteran larvae (Sehnal, 1968). Other investigations have shown that imaginal discs are targets of the ecdysones (Oberlander, 1972).
Combined bilateral ophthalmic artery occlusion & central retinal vein occlusion from presumed giant cell arteritis.

Abstract Purpose To report on a severe case of presumed giant cell arteritis (GCA) presenting with partial and complete ophthalmic artery occlusion along with bilateral central retinal vein occlusions (CRVO). Observations A 73-year-old female presented with bilateral complete vision loss of sudden onset. The patient also experienced a mild frontal headache prior to onset of vision loss. Fundus examination revealed bilateral central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and CRVO. Subsequent fluorescein angiography indicated partial right ophthalmic artery occlusion and complete left ophthalmic artery occlusion. Acute phase reactants were elevated. The patient was clinically diagnosed with GCA and intravenous (IV) steroids were initiated. Four days later, a temporal artery biopsy (TAB) was performed and resulted as negative for granulomatous inflammation. The patient did not regain vision and remained with no light perception (NLP) in both eyes. Conclusions and Importance: This case highlights the discrepancy between clinical diagnosis and pathologic tissue diagnosis in a patient that presented with such extensive ocular vasculitic disease. Such extensive bilateral disease has not been reported. In addition, there are few studies regarding the effect of pulse-dosed IV steroids on TAB results. This case report suggests that the gradual histologic changes that occur over one or two weeks while on oral steroids may occur over three to four days while on high dose IV steroids, necessitating early biopsy.
What Is a Profession

Journalists frequently refer to journalism as a profession though often in the colloquial context in which profession is interchangeable with occupation. However, there is a contentious debate in the journalism community as to whether journalism is a profession similar to medicine or law. Many journalists and academics, like Washington Post columnist Robert Samuelson, say journalism is not a profession because it is a craft, which is distinct from a profession insofar as it is not bound by orthodoxies like self-regulation, licensure, and a body of knowledge (Kovach and Rosensteil 2003). Others, like Columbia University President Lee Bollinger say yes, journalism is a profession, by virtue of its public importance—it has a place in providing a fundamental social good (ibid). Regardless of whether journalism can be a compelling case for a profession, this chapter will outline how—at the very least—aspects of professionalism can contribute positively to journalism’s moral environment.
Primary Reference Cell Calibrations with Reduced Measurement Uncertainty

This paper presents an overview of the improvements made since 2014 to the primary reference cell calibrations performed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Reducing the measurement uncertainty of the calibrations was the primary goal of the improvements, which were used during the recent calibrations conducted in the autumn of 2016. Changes and improvements have been made to the spectral irradiance and short-circuit current measurements, spectral irradiance modeling, and reference cell temperature corrections. Almost 6000 points were collected on 38 reference cells. Analysis of the results demonstrated reductions of expanded uncertainty from $\pm 1.0-1.2\%$ in previous years down to $\pm 0.4-0.5\%$ for crystalline-Si reference cells.
The Parent-Child Relationship and Posttreatment Child Outcomes Across Two Treatments for Oppositional Defiant Disorder.

This study examined the degree to which the parent–child relationship uniquely predicted clinical outcomes in externalizing problems and adaptive skills in children meeting diagnostic criteria for ...
Natural circulation FLiBe loop overview

Abstract A new large natural circulation FLiBe loop has operated for the first time in 40 years. Reaching temperatures above 700 °C with stable flow rates around 5 cm/s, the loop exhibits a range of flow phenomena pertinent to high temperature natural circulation safety systems for nuclear reactors. This paper discusses the system and several operating conditions spanning a wide range of behavior to aid the development of other systems, simulation benchmarks, or system-codes. Analysis of heat transport phenomena indicates that standard Nusselt number correlations apply to a first approximation. More accurate salt-freezing models may be necessary for air-cooled salt-systems due to the insulating affect of the low thermal-conductivity frozen salt layer on the cold pipe walls.
The Texas Drilling Boom and Local Human Capital Investment

Researchers and citizens alike question the long-term impacts of the shale oil boom on local communities. Studies have considered the boom’s effects on employment, income, mobility, and human capital acquisition. This research specifically builds on research considering shale effects on secondary schooling. Using county-level data from Texas, we investigate two questions: (1) Has the latest oil boom led to a reduction in local high school graduation? (2) Is this effect different for immigrants, a group potentially vulnerable to local wage effects? Findings indicate insignificant overall effects; however, local oil drilling increases immigrant high school dropout rates.
The Impact of Insurance Type on Listing Status and Mortality on the Waiting List: Insights from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS)

Purpose Adequate health insurance coverage is necessary for heart transplantation (HT) candidates. Prior studies have suggested inferior outcomes post HT with public health insurance. We sought to evaluate the effects of insurance type on transplantation rates, listing status and mortality prior to HT. Methods Patients ≥ 18 years old with an LVAD implanted and listed with 1A status were identified in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry between Jan 2010 and Dec 2017, with follow-up through March 2018. Patients were grouped based on the type of insurance Private/self-pay (PV), Medicare (MC) and Medicaid (MA) at the time of listing. We conducted multivariable competing risks regression analysis on listing status and mortality on the waiting list, stratified by insurance type at the time of listing. Results We identified 2,604 patients listed in status 1A (PV: 51.4%, MC: 32.1%, MA:16.5%). MA patients were younger (43.5 vs. 56.4 for MC vs. 51.5 for PV, p Conclusion We did not detect any disparities in listing status and mortality among different insurance types. The proportion of patients removed because of death was higher among private insurance. In Medicaid patients clinical improvement was the most frequent reason for removal.
A comparison of gas stream cooling and plunge cooling of macromolecular crystals.

Cryocooling for macromolecular crystallography is usually performed via plunging the crystal into a liquid cryogen or placing the crystal in a cold gas stream. These two approaches are compared here for the case of nitro­gen cooling. The results show that gas stream cooling, which typically cools the crystal more slowly, yields lower mosaicity and, in some cases, a stronger anomalous signal relative to rapid plunge cooling. During plunging, moving the crystal slowly through the cold gas layer above the liquid surface can produce mosaicity similar to gas stream cooling. Annealing plunge cooled crystals by warming and recooling in the gas stream allows the mosaicity and anomalous signal to recover. For tetragonal thermolysin, the observed effects are less pronounced when the cryosolvent has smaller thermal contraction, under which conditions the protein structures from plunge cooled and gas stream cooled crystals are very similar. Finally, this work also demonstrates that the resolution dependence of the reflecting range is correlated with the cooling method, suggesting it may be a useful tool for discerning whether crystals are cooled too rapidly. The results support previous studies suggesting that slower cooling methods are less deleterious to crystal order, as long as ice formation is prevented and dehydration is limited.