cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fractional arboricity, strength, and principal partitions in graphs and matroids

Abstract In a 1983 paper, D. Gusfield introduced a function which is called (following W.H. Cunningham, 1985) the strength of a graph or matroid. In terms of a graph G with edge set E(G) and at least one link, this is the function η(G) = minF⊆E(G) ∣F∣/(ω(G − F) − ω(G)), where the minimum is taken over all subsets F of E(G) such that ω(G − F), the number of components of G − F, is at least ω(G) + 1. In a 1986 paper, C. Payan introduced the fractional arboricity of a graph or matroid. In terms of a graph G with edge set E(G) and at least one link this function is γ(G) = maxH⊆G ∣E(H)∣/(∣V(H)∣ − ω(H)), where H runs over all subgraphs of G having at least one link. Connected graphs G for which γ(G) = η(G) were used by A. Rucinski and A. Vince in 1986 while studying random graphs. We characterize the graphs and matroids G for which γ(G) = η(G). The values of γ and η are computed for certain graphs, and a recent result of Erdos (that if each edge of G lies in a C3, then ∣E(G)∣≥ 3 2 (∣V(G)∣ − 1)) is generalized in terms of η. The principal partition of a graph was introduced in 1967 by G. Kishi and Y. Kajitani, by T. Ohtsuki, Y. Ishizaki, and H. Watanabe, and by M. Iri (all of these were published in 1968). It has been used since then for the analysis of electrical networks in which the two Kirchhoff laws and Ohm's law hold, because it often allows the currents and voltage drops in the network to be completely computed with fewer measurements than are required for either of the Kirchhoff laws used alone. J. Bruno and L. Weinberg generalized the principal partition to matroids in 1971, and their generalization was refined independently by N. Tomizawa (1976) and by H. Narayanan and M.N. Vartak (1974, 1981). Here we demonstrate that γ and η are closely related to the principal partition and can be used to give a simple definition of both the principal partition and the more recent refinements of it.
Non‐Smooth Sailing or Triangular Distributions Revisited After Some 50 Years

Triangular distributions have been studied since (at least) the 18th century but have been the subject of only very few papers in the statistical literature over the last 50 years or more. A class of distributions proposed recently for the construction of certain financial applications is in fact a mixture of two triangular distributions. This provides the motivation for the study reported in this paper.
Toward Using Higher-Level Abstractions to Teach Parallel Computing

We have developed two new approaches to teaching parallel computing to undergraduates using higher level tools that lead to ease of programming, good software design, and scalable programs. The first approach uses a new software environment that creates a higher level of abstraction for parallel and distributed programming based upon a pattern programming approach. The second approach uses compiler directives to describe how a program should be parallelized. We have studied whether using the above tools better helps the students grasp the concepts of parallel computing across the two campuses of the University of North Carolina Wilmington and the University of North Carolina Charlotte using a televideo network. We also taught MPI and OpenMP in the traditional fashion with which we could ask the students to compare and contrast the approaches. An external evaluator conducted three surveys during the semester and analyzed the data. In this paper, we discuss the techniques we used, the assignments we gave the students, and the results of what we learned.
Ratio of Simple versus Comminuted Lateral Wall Fractures of the Orbit.

Reduction of a fracture may be relatively easy with a simple, noncomminuted fracture along the zygomaticofrontal suture, zygomaticomaxillary buttress, or the inferior rim of the orbit. When one or ...
Coherent emissions in potassium vapor produced via hybrid pump transitions

Abstract Coherent emissions in potassium vapor are found to be predominantly produced via parametric four-wave mixing when photons from a pulsed pump laser interact with K (4P 1 2 , 3 2 ) atoms in a heat-pipe oven operated in the heat-pipe mode between 6 and 15 Torr. The coherent emissions are observed when the pump laser is tuned near the K( 6S 1 2 ←4P 1 2 , 3 2 ), the K(4D 3 2 ←4P 1 2 ), and the K(4D 5 2 ←4P 3 2 ) transitions.
Evaluation of people bereaved by suicide

Abstract Friends and acquaintances of people bereaved by a suicide in the family tend not to offer effective support. Societal attitudes to suicide and related perceptions (often “misperceptions”) of bereaved family members suggest that friends will not “be there” to the same degree and in the same ways that they would following other sorts of deaths. Thus counselors of those bereaved by suicide deaths must, in their support activities, make allowances.
Lead-induced convection: a laboratory perspective

Abstract The polar ice cap often cracks and forms long, narrow channels of open water which are known as leads. These openings play an important role in the heat budget and circulation of polar oceans. In the winter opening of a lead is associated with the onset of turbulent convection above and below the lead, because of the refreezing of surface water and rejection of heat into the atmosphere, respectively. Lead-induced convection is associated with a rich variety of fluid-dynamical phenomena, yet studying them in filed situations is not easy due to the unpredictability of their occurrence and short resident times. As such, laboratory experiments and numerical models can play a major role in lead-related studies. The purpose of this paper is to review the results of some previous laboratory experiments, which appear to be of importance in guiding and interpreting field experiments, and to present the results of some new laboratory experiments dealing with lead-induced motions.
Deployable ultrahigh-throughput x-ray telescope: concept

We describe a method of building and deploying an ultra high throughput x-ray observatory with 2 by 10 5 cm 2 of effective area for the era following the Constellation X-ray Mission and XEUS. It is based upon a single focus telescope. Replacing and adding detectors are possible. Instead of an optical bench, the detector uses electric propulsion with plasma thrusters and ion engines to maintain its station at the focus and repositioning itself for new targets. The preferred site is the L2 point; a high circular orbit is also possible. Additional or replacement detectors equipped with ion/plasma engines are launched on much smaller rockets and rendez-vous with the telescope. We describe how such a telescope with an angular resolution of a few arcseconds could be fabricated. As an example, we consider a 7 m X 7 m aperture, 100 m focal length standard Kirkpatrick-Baez optic. It is segmented into several hundred modules of identical size. A co-aligned group of segments is equipped with a fiducial and a positioning system for alignment to a common focus in space. With subdivided reflector substrates made from light weight advanced composite materials the launch mass of the telescope spacecraft is within the capability of current vehicles.
The development of hemostasis in the human fetus and newborn infant.

Fragmentary understanding of normal perinatal hemostasis limits the clinician in his evaluation and therapy of neonatal hemorrhage. This report attempts to outline current concepts of hemostasis and to summarize the data obtained from fetal and perinatal studies, including investigations by the authors on human embryos and fetuses. The developmental events in human hemostasis are described and normal values for vascular, platelet, and clotting factor determinations are tabulated. Ontogenetically, the sequential development of vessel contractibility, platelet aggregation, and fibrin formation appears to recapitulate the phylogenetic pattern.
Viewpoint: Steven Ray on Information Standards in Manufacturing

Steven R. Ray, Chief Manufacturing Systems Integration Division at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology to give his perspectives on the changing role of Information Standards in Manufacturing. As the person directing the national US response in the area of information standards for manufacturing, Steve enjoys a unique vantage point on the field. Steve notes that our times are characterised by an increase in the importance of mastering information standards as a competitive enabler. However, the scope of activities covered by information standards is growing, making it harder for companies to stay abreast of all the developments and opportunities. Steve's organisation at NIST plays a key role in assuring that US manufacturers can efficiently incorporate information standards for manufacturing into their development plans.
Mechanism of protein kinase c potentiation of airway β-adrenergic relaxation

Abstract To evaluate the regulatory action of protein kinase C (PKC) on airway β-adrenergic function, the relaxant effects of isoproterenol (ISO) and 8 bromo-cyclic AMP (BrcAMP) were examined in tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) segments half-maximally contracted with acetylcholine in the absence (control) and presence of PKC activation with the phorbol ester, 12-deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate (DPS). Relative to control tissues, TSM treated with 0.1μM DPB depicted significantly enhanced maximal relaxation and sensitivity to ISO but not to BrcAMP. The enhancing effect of DPB on ISO responsiveness was completely inhibited in the presence of the PKC antagonist H-7. Inhibition of the Na+-K+ pump with either ouabain or K+-free buffer diminished the TSM relaxant response to ISO but not to BrcAMP. Inhibition of the Na+-K+ pump also ablated the DPB-induced potentiation of β-adrenoceptor responsiveness. Collectively, these data demonstrate that: 1) PKC activation enhances TSM relaxant responsiveness to β-adrenoceptor stimulation; 2) inhibition of the airway Na+-K+ pump markedly blunts the relaxant response to β-adrenoceptor stimulation; and 3) inhibition of the Na+-K+ pump abolishes the above potentiating effect of DPB on β-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation of rabbit TSM. Thus, the above findings provide new evidence that PKC activation enhances the airway relaxant response to β-adrenoceptor stimulation, and that the latter effect is dependent on potentiated stimulation of the airway electrogenic Na+-K+ pump.
Phase I trial of the polyamine analog N1,N14-diethylhomospermine (DEHSPM) in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Background: This phase I study was conducted to determine maximal tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) in patients with advanced solid tumors treated with the polyamine analog N1,N14-diethylhomospermine (DEHSPM). Methods: Patients were treated with DEHSPM administered as a subcutaneous (SC) injection daily for five consecutive days repeated every 4 weeks. Three dose levels were examined starting at 12.5 mg/m2/day, escalating to 37.5 mg/m2/day. Results: A total of 15 patients were enrolled. Dose limiting toxicities (grade 3 or 4) included nausea, vomiting, constipation, ileus, elevations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase, hyperbilirubinemia, and ventricular bigeminy. Conclusion: DEHSPM given as a SC injection is overall well tolerated at lower doses, but significant toxicities were observed at the 37.5mg/m2/day dose level. MTD was established at 25 mg/m2/day but further investigation with this study drug is not recommended secondary to the potential for neurotoxicities and hepatic damage as a result of cumulative doses.
Iron Redox Cycling in Surface Waters: Effects of Humic Substances and Light

The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanism of photo-oxidation of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the presence of iron. This process is of interest in natural waters for several reasons: as a significant sink of DOM in sunlit surface waters; as a source and sink of reactive oxygen species (HO2/O2•-, hydrogen peroxide, and HO•) and as a factor controlling iron speciation. Studies were conducted in laboratory model systems containing fulvic acid and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) particles at pH 3 and pH 5, irradiated with simulated sunlight. Measured concentrations of dissolved Fe(II), total dissolved Fe, and hydrogen peroxide were interpreted as the net effects of competing reactions reducing and oxidizing Fe and producing and destroying hydrogen peroxide. A kinetic model constructed using information gained from separate experiments in simpler systems was used to assess the relative importance of individual reactions. Comparison of photoreductive dissolution rates in aerated and de-aerated ...
Exposures and Cross-shift Lung Function Declines in Wildland Firefighters

Respiratory problems are common among wildland firefighters. However, there are few studies directly linking occupational exposures to respiratory effects in this population. Our objective was to characterize wildland fire fighting occupational exposures and assess their associations with cross-shift changes in lung function. We studied 17 members of the Alpine Interagency Hotshot Crew with environmental sampling and pulmonary function testing during a large wildfire. We characterized particles by examining size distribution and mass concentration, and conducting elemental and morphological analyses. We examined associations between cross-shift lung function change and various analytes, including levoglucosan, an indicator of wood smoke from burning biomass. The levoglucosan component of the wildfire aerosol showed a predominantly bimodal size distribution: a coarse particle mode with a mass median aerodynamic diameter about 12 μm and a fine particle mode with a mass median aerodynamic diameter < 0.5 μm. ...
Unique profiles of the alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta-adrenergic receptors in the developing cortical plate and transient embryonic zones of the rhesus monkey

Film receptor autoradiography was used to study the distribution of alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta-adrenergic receptors in the occipital lobe of developing rhesus monkeys ranging in age from the 65th embryonic day (E65) to adulthood (5 years of age). The study shows that each adrenergic receptor subtype has a unique distribution in the cortical plate and transient embryonic zones of the developing cerebral wall. For example, alpha 1 receptors are prominent throughout the proliferative ventricular and subventricular zones while alpha 2 receptors in the same zones form three distinct bands interdigitated with three bands rich in beta sites. There are also considerable temporal differences in the emergence of adrenergic receptor subtypes in specific embryonic zones. For instance, the high density of alpha 1 sites in the germinal zones occurs only in conjunction with intensive proliferative activity. In contrast, beta receptors emerge in these zones after the majority of cortical neurons have been generated. The transient embryonic zones often display higher densities of adrenergic sites than the cortical plate itself. In particular, the subplate zone subjacent to the developing visual cortex contains the highest density of alpha 2-adrenergic sites in the cerebral wall throughout all prenatal ages studies. Finally, the regional differences in the density of beta-adrenergic receptors are evident in the subplate zone underlying the prospective striate and extrastriate cortex before such differences emerge in the cortical plate. The early appearance, unique pattern of distribution, and time-dependent changes of adrenergic receptors in the transient embryonic zones suggest their involvement in the regulation of the cortical development.
Breaching of family generation boundaries by schizophrenics, disturbed, and normals.

This study tested the hypothesis that the breaching of generational boundaries, whereby the child assumes mate-like or parent-like role relations with parents, is one of the dysfunctional family processes linked to schizophrenia. Presence of child-as-mate and parentification fantasies was systematically assessed in individual and conjoint projective stories of young adults and their parents in schizophrenic (N=23), disturbed non-schizophrenic (N=19), and normal (N=20) comparison groups. The variable parentification was not found to discriminate groups. Child-as-mate fantasies strongly differentiated the schizophrenic group. Significantly more than controls, schizophrenics and their parents failed to see generationally appropriate family relationships between parent-like and child-like figures, instead projecting mate-like bonds, often explicitly sexual and usually involving a love triangle. In the conjoint family process, although members were equally likely to communicate a child-as-mate fantasy, those introduced by parents received more agreement and less disagreement in response. Methodological and conceptual issues are discussed.
Persistence and Change in the Protestant Establishment, 1930–1992

Un certain nombre de confessions protestantes: Eglise episcopale, Eglise presbyterienne, l'Eglise unie du Christ (congregationaliste) ont joue un role majeur dans l'elaboration de l'«American way of life». Tandis que certains chercheurs affirment que l'hegemonie culturelle protestante tend a persister, d'autres estiment que les Etats-Unis vivent dans une ere post-protestante. Les AA. s'efforcent d'evaluer ces perceptions contradictoires en examinant les affiliations religieuses des personnes enregistrees dans le Who's who americain en 1930 et en 1992. Ils montrent que les protestants sont moins nombreux mais qu'ils demeurent surrepresentes au sein de l'elite americaine, meme si les juifs et les catholiques ont progresse dans ce cadre
Genetic Improvement in Production Attributable to Sires Used in Artificial Insemination in North Carolina

Summary The genetic advantage attributable to the sires used in artificial insemination in North Carolina was evaluated. The effect of season of calving on production was pronounced. Cows freshening during the months of December through May produced 21lb. of fat and 595lb. of milk more than cows freshening in June through November. The performance of artificially sired animals was evaluated by using the first-lactation contemporary comparison, and also by using all lactations of the naturally sired progeny as contemporaries. The 305-day, 2 ×, M.E. lactations of the artificially sired progeny were 15.7lb. of fat and 366lb. of milk above those of the naturally sired progeny. The use of the records of all contemporaries imposed a negative bias on the comparisons, presumably due to the selection of the older animals on the basis of previous performance.
Measurement of the antiproton magnetic moment and mass

We report a reanalysis of our $\overline{p}$ x-ray data from Pb and U for fine-structure splitting and have included perturbations to the $\overline{p}$-atomic energy levels arising from radiative corrections, relativistic effects, electron screening, finite nuclear size, and nuclear recoil. The value for the antiproton magnetic moment is -2.817 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.048 nuclear magnetons which is 0.1% lower than our previous result and in agreement with the CPT prediction of -2.793. In addition we have obtained a value for the $\overline{p}$ mass from the measured $\overline{p}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Pb}$ x-ray transition energies from $n=15$ to $n=10$ The resulting mass 938.30 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.13 MeV is in good agreement with the CPT prediction that the $\overline{p}$ mass should equal the proton mass. We find ${m}_{p}\ensuremath{-}{m}_{\overline{p}}=\ensuremath{-}0.02\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13$ MeV.
Some Thoughts on Frame Indifference

Frame indifference is intimately related to the idealization, in conventional continuum mechanics, of the surface on which the surface forces act as a two-dimensional continuum devoid of mass. In the kinetic theory of gases, the surface is effectively a layer with thickness of the order of magnitude of the mean free path. The calculated pressure matrix contains a frame dependent term that represents the Coriolis forces that emerge in this layer when the applied forces are transformed from a fixed to a rotating reference frame.
Retro: concept-based clustering of biomedical topical sets.

Motivation: Clustering methods can be useful for automatically grouping documents into meaningful clusters, improving human comprehension of a document collection. Although there are clustering algorithms that can achieve the goal for relatively large document collections, they do not always work well for small and homogenous datasets. Methods: In this article, we present Retro—a novel clustering algorithm that extracts meaningful clusters along with concise and descriptive titles from small and homogenous document collections. Unlike common clustering approaches, our algorithm predicts cluster titles before clustering. It relies on the hypergeometric distribution model to discover key phrases, and generates candidate clusters by assigning documents to these phrases. Further, the statistical significance of candidate clusters is tested using supervised learning methods, and a multiple testing correction technique is used to control the overall quality of clustering. Results: We test our system on five disease datasets from OMIM® and evaluate the results based on MeSH® term assignments. We further compare our method with several baseline and state-of-the-art methods, including K-means, expectation maximization, latent Dirichlet allocation-based clustering, Lingo, OPTIMSRC and adapted GK-means. The experimental results on the 20-Newsgroup and ODP-239 collections demonstrate that our method is successful at extracting significant clusters and is superior to existing methods in terms of quality of clusters. Finally, we apply our system to a collection of 6248 topical sets from the HomoloGene® database, a resource in PubMed®. Empirical evaluation confirms the method is useful for small homogenous datasets in producing meaningful clusters with descriptive titles. Availability and implementation: A web-based demonstration of the algorithm applied to a collection of sets from the HomoloGene database is available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/CBBresearch/Wilbur/IRET/CLUSTERING_HOMOLOGENE/index.html. Contact: vog.hin@avonagey.anal Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Crystal Structures of a Ligand-free MthK Gating Ring: Insights into the Ligand Gating Mechanism of K+ Channels

MthK is a prokaryotic Ca(2+)-gated K(+) channel that, like other ligand-gated channels, converts the chemical energy of ligand binding to the mechanical force of channel opening. The channel's eight ligand-binding domains, the RCK domains, form an octameric gating ring in which Ca(2+) binding induces conformational changes that open the channel. Here we present the crystal structures of the MthK gating ring in closed and partially open states at 2.8 A, both obtained from the same crystal grown in the absence of Ca(2+). Furthermore, our biochemical and electrophysiological analyses demonstrate that MthK is regulated by both Ca(2+) and pH. Ca(2+) regulates the channel by changing the equilibrium of the gating ring between closed and open states, while pH regulates channel gating by affecting gating-ring stability. Our findings, along with the previously determined open MthK structure, allow us to elucidate the ligand gating mechanism of RCK-regulated K(+) channels.
Parallel compression with cooperative dictionary construction

It is often desirable to compress or decompress relatively small blocks of data at high bandwidth and low latency (for example, for data fetches across a high speed network). Sequential compression may not satisfy the speed requirement, while simply splitting the block into smaller subblocks for parallel compression yields poor compression performance due to small dictionary sizes. We consider an intermediate approach, where multiple compressors jointly construct a dictionary. The result is parallel speedup, with compression performance similar to the sequential case.
Costs for Water Supply Distribution System Rehabilitation

There is growing concern over the need to rehabilitate, replace, and repair drinking water distribution systems and wastewater collection systems in the United States. A recent survey conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency found that $138 billion will be needed to maintain and replace existing drinking water systems over the next 20 years. It is estimated that $77 billion of this expenditure will be dedicated to repairing and rehabilitating pipelines. Given the cost and disruption caused by replacing distribution system pipe using conventional open trench technology, utilities are beginning to increase the application of rehabilitation or trenchless replacement technologies to extend the life of existing pipes. This paper discusses the various types of technologies that can be used for rehabilitation and repair of drinking water distribution components. It also presents representative costs that can be used by utility managers to estimate order-of-magnitude budgetary costs for rehabilitation and replacement of distribution system components.
Grain-Boundary Diffusion of 60Co and 51Cr in NiO

Grain-boundary diffusion of 60Co and 51Cr in bicrystals and polycrystals of NiO was measured at temperatures <0.6 Tm at various equilibrium oxygen partial pressures, using a tracer-sectioning technique. Values of D′δ were obtained using the Whipple and Suzuoka analyses. The results show that, for both 60Co and 51Cr, grain-boundary-enhanced diffusion is observed and the temperature dependence of D′δ is about the same as that of the respective bulk diffusivity,/). The effects of equilibrium oxygen partial pressure and the type of gram boundary on D′δ are not detectable within experimental error.
Uncovering mental representations with Markov chain Monte Carlo

A key challenge for cognitive psychology is the investigation of mental representations, such as object categories, subjective probabilities, choice utilities, and memory traces. In many cases, these representations can be expressed as a non-negative function defined over a set of objects. We present a behavioral method for estimating these functions. Our approach uses people as components of a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, a sophisticated sampling method originally developed in statistical physics. Experiments 1 and 2 verified the MCMC method by training participants on various category structures and then recovering those structures. Experiment 3 demonstrated that the MCMC method can be used estimate the structures of the real-world animal shape categories of giraffes, horses, dogs, and cats. Experiment 4 combined the MCMC method with multidimensional scaling to demonstrate how different accounts of the structure of categories, such as prototype and exemplar models, can be tested, producing samples from the categories of apples, oranges, and grapes.
Overview of Various Strategies and Promising New Bulk Materials for Potential Thermoelectric Applications

Recently, there has been a renewed interest in thermoelectric material research. There are a number of different systems of potential thermoelectric (TE) materials that are under investigation by various research groups. Some of these research efforts focus on minimizing lattice thermal conductivity while other efforts focus on materials that exhibit large power factors. An overview of some of the requirements and strategies for the investigation and optimization of a new system of materials for potential thermoelectric applications will be discussed. Some of the newer concepts such as low-dimensional systems and Slack’s phononglass, electron-crystal concept will be discussed. Current strategies for minimizing lattice thermal conductivity and also minimum requirements for thermopower will be presented. The emphasis of this paper will be to identify some of the more recent promising bulk materials and discuss the challenges and issues related to each. This paper is targeted more at “newcomers” to the field and does not discuss some of the very interesting results that are being reported in the thin film and superlattice materials. Some of the bulk materials which will be discussed include complex chalcogenides (e.g.CsBi4Te6 and pentatellurides such as the Zr1−XHfXTe5 system), half-Heusler alloys (e.g. TiNiSn1−XSbX), ceramic oxides (NaCo4O2), skutterudites (e.g. YbXCo4−XSb12 or EuXCo4−XSb12) and clathrates (e.g. Sr8Ga16Ge30). Each of these systems is distinctly different yet each exhibits some prospect as a potential thermoelectric material. Results will be presented and discussed on each system of materials.
Ferroelectric Properties of Tungsten Bronze Morphotropic Phase Bounary Systems

Tungsten bronze ferroelectrics which have a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) can have a number of enhanced dielectric, piezoelectric, and electrooptic properties compared to more conventional ferroelectric materials. The structural and ferroelectric properties of several MPB bronze systems are presented, including data from sintered and hot-pressed ceramics, epitaxial thin films, and bulk single crystals. Included among these are three systems which had not been previously identified as morphotropic. The potential advantages and limitations of these MPB systems are discussed, along with considerations of the appropriate growth methods for their possible utilization in optical, piezoelectric, or pyroelectric device applications.
Decapitation and the discourse of antisyncretism in the Babylonian Talmud

One dilemma in the study of rabbinic literature is whether to understand that literature as a function of Bible reading or of historical agenda. This dilemma is endemic to any religious tradition with a canon at its core: does hermeneutics or history more fundamentally define the interpretive trajectory? I propose that in rabbinic literature the dilemma is not confined to contemporary methodological debates but, rather, is formulated and negotiated within the religious tradition itself. I analyze a passage in the Babylonian Talmud addressing the death penalty by decapitation and show that the Rabbis themselves construct an opposition between history and hermeneutics and offer a tentative resolution, though they also let the holes in their resolution poke through. I suggest that the dilemma of history versus hermeneutics in rabbinic Judaism is freighted with subcultural politics and thath the dilemma is generated by Judaism's quest to find a place for itself within the dominant culture.
Motion of the surface of the Earth in the compressions phase of a deep‐focus earthquake, and the effects of a layered crust

The early portion of the compressional phase on 28 seismograms of the deep-focus earthquake of November 13, 1932, are integrated to obtain the motion of the surface of the Earth. Comparisons are offered between the observed and actual azimuths of the epicenter at all stations for which two horizontal-component seismograms were available, and between the observed and theoretical apparent angles of emergence for all stations for which three components of motion were available. A test is made of the usual methods of reducing trace-amplitudes, which are based on the assumption that the Earth-motion is sinusoidal. The results of this test indicate that satisfactory estimates of the displacement of the ground corresponding to an impulse on a seismogram can be obtained from the simple harmonic ground-motion assumption, provided the free period of the seismograph is somewhat longer than the duration of the impulse, and provided that the transients in the solution of the equation of motion of the seismograph are retained. Sources of error encountered in any attempt to secure the detailed ground-motion from seismograms are discussed.
Min and Max Log-Logistic Extreme Interval Values

The min and max log-logistic extreme interval values are presented. In addition, the paper shows how the log-logistic extreme interval values can be found from the uniform extreme interval values. An application and tables containing some of the min and max log-logistic and uniform extreme interval values are provided.
Banner Headlines: The Fight over Confederate Flags in the American South

As the 21st century begins, the Confederate battle emblem, a symbol more commonly associated with the 19th century, continues to divide the population of the American South, primarily along racial lines. During the past decade, strident debates over the public display of the Confederate battle emblem by state and local governments have been waged across the region. While some have dismissed these debates as inconsequential to the daily lives of the South’s population, their frequency and vitriolic character suggests otherwise. Geographers have been actively analyzing the underlying causes and ferocity of these debates using a variety of geographic concepts (e.g., Webster and Webster 1994; Leib 1995; Leib, Webster, and Webster 2000; Webster and Leib 2001; 2002; Leib and Webster 2002). In this essay, we demonstrate how the geographical concepts of public space and landscape representation can be used to better understand the dynamics of these controversies.
Polychlorinated biphenyls and their association with survival following breast cancer.

Background Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are hypothesised to influence breast carcinogenesis due to their persistence and potential to induce oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic effects. Whether PCBs influence survival following breast cancer is unknown.
CRISPR, a Crossroads in Genetic Intervention: Pitting the Right to Health against the Right to Disability

Reproductive genetic technologies (RGTs), including gene-editing technology, are being discovered and refined at an exponential pace. One gene-editing innovation that demands our swift attention is CRISPR/Cas9, a system of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and a protein called Cas9. As CRISPR and other RGTs continue being developed, we must remain vigilant concerning the potential implications of genetic-engineering technology on our interpersonal and legal relationships. In the face of increasingly numerous and refined RGTs, we must maintain the rights of everyone: potential parents, prospective children, and individuals (both living and prospective) with disabilities. For those who wish to become parents, how should procreation be regulated in light of developing RGTs, especially gene-editing technology? What duties do parents owe their children, and when does such a duty attach? What role should RGTs play in parents’ fulfillment of their duties to their children? This article will contextualize the right to health and what I will term the “right to disability” in the CRISPR/Cas9 landscape. The article will then explore these rights in reference to the “subjunctive-threshold” interpretation of harm. Finally, I will argue that RGTs must be thoughtfully regulated, with such regulations taking into account the opinions of geneticists, bioethicists, and lay people concerning both the right to health and the right to disability.
A Comparison of Estimates of Seismic Risk in the Central United States

Using the maximum likelihood method and a simple least-squares fit relating magnitude and the number of earthquakes per year in the central Mississippi Valley, Nuttli obtained equations which predict that the average recurrence period for a New Madrid-size earthquake is 810 and 980 years, respectively. Using different variants of Gumbel’s theory of extreme events, the average recurrence period is found to be 1100 years (Type I) to 215,000 years (Type III based on recent data only). Conventional methods, including Gumbel’s Type I theory, which make no allowance for an upper limit on the size of expectable earthquakes may overpredict the hazard from earthquakes which are larger than any which have occurred in the historic past.
Corticolous Myxomycetes III: A New Species of Badhamia

(1975). Corticolous Myxomycetes III: A New Species of Badhamia. Mycologia: Vol. 67, No. 6, pp. 1218-1222.
A Short-Form Personality Inventory

IN THE DESIGN of research on work motivations, j use of two short-form personality inventories (2, 3) was indicated in order to provide information about concomitants of particular work motivations. These I short-form personality questionnaires are highly ef ficient because of their briefness and high reliability of scores. In a situation permitting only a minimum amount of time for data collection the forms appear to be ideal. However, theoretical considerations were raised which required re-examin?t ion of the bases of these forms and led to the development of a third short-form personality inventory described here, the Interpersonal Orientations (IO)form. In particular, the Behavioral Self-Rating (BSR) form was constructed on the basis of a long series of peer rating and peer ranking studies, and stressed inter personal characteristics to which others respond in interaction. The second set, the SelfIdentification (S-Ident) form, stressed in its development self-re ports of the type found in classic personality inven tories. Questions arose as to whether or not scores on these two forms were in any way getting at types of content emphasized in Edwards' (5) Personal Pref erence Schedule (EPPS), which prior analyses had indicated involves additional emphasis in special areas of content (1). The additional content involved was associated loosely with a concept of "depend ency. " 2 The notion of dependency was derived in tuitively from observation of profile patterns of the EPPS in the work situation, in particular with re gard to some persons whose profiles seemed to in dicate that the individual was "passively dependent. " Such persons were seen as characterized b y low needs for advancement in the organization, a h i g h degree of willingness to postpone satisfaction of nor mal rewards, high needs for security, and high needs for superior and peer approval. While no at tempt was made to conceptualize dependency in a rig orous way, the suggestion of further exploration of this concept followed from theoretical formulations under consideration in the study of work components (6). In any event, the apparent recurring concern on the part of certain employees, particularly those concerned with a security orientation, those who seek or expect help and direction from others (depending on help and direction from others), and tho se who exhibit a lack of initiative and striving, warranted exploration of additional personality materials in this area. The development of the cur rent form, thus, stems from an intuitive and theoretical concern with an area of personality. Since some of the impetus for this exploration arose with Edwards' EPPS, it was examined for the content which could be related in any way to to this overall notion of dependency. Ac tually, this exploration yielded only a few items that had any clear-cut direct involvement with a notion of dependency. For example, it was difficult to relate directly an item which merely indicated sociability with a notion of dependency.
Ice Ih anomalies: Thermal contraction, anomalous volume isotope effect, and pressure-induced amorphization.

Ice Ih displays several anomalous thermodynamic properties such as thermal contraction at low temperatures, an anomalous volume isotope effect (VIE) rendering the volume of D2O ice greater than that of H2O ice, and a pressure-induced transition to the high-density amorphous (HDA) phase. Furthermore, the anomalous VIE increases with temperature, despite its quantum-mechanical origin. Here, embedded-fragment ab initio second-order many-body perturbation (MP2) theory in the quasiharmonic approximation (QHA) is applied to the Gibbs energy of an infinite, proton-disordered crystal of ice Ih at wide ranges of temperatures and pressures. The quantum effect of nuclei moving in anharmonic potentials is taken into account from first principles without any empirical or nonsystematic approximation to either the electronic or vibrational Hamiltonian. MP2 predicts quantitatively correctly the thermal contraction at low temperatures, which is confirmed to originate from the volume-contracting hydrogen-bond bending modes (acoustic phonons). It qualitatively reproduces (but underestimates) the thermal expansion at higher temperatures, caused by the volume-expanding hydrogen-bond stretching (and to a lesser extent librational) modes. The anomalous VIE is found to be the result of subtle cancellations among closely competing isotope effects on volume from all modes. Consequently, even ab initio MP2 with the aug-cc-pVDZ and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets has difficulty reproducing this anomaly, yielding qualitatively varied predictions of the sign of the VIE depending on such computational details as the choice of the embedding field. However, the temperature growth of the anomalous VIE is reproduced robustly and is ascribed to the librational modes. These solid-state MP2 calculations, as well as MP2 Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, find a volume collapse and a loss of symmetry and long-range order in ice Ih upon pressure loading of 2.35 GPa or higher. Concomitantly, rapid softening of acoustic phonons is observed starting around 2 GPa. They constitute a computational detection of a mechanical instability in ice Ih and the resulting pressure-induced amorphization to HDA.
The Logistic Process: Tables of the Stochastic Epidemic Curve and Applications

SUMMARY The logistic process is a simple stochastic process often used to represent the spread of an epidemic. Some recent studies (Bailey, 1950; Haskey, 1954) provided information regarding the stochastic epidemic curve for this process. In this paper, we present much more extensive tables of this epidemic curve, and we note some potential uses for the logistic process in the behavioural sciences. 1. THE LoGISTIC PROCESS To describe this process, it is convenient to take as an illustration the spread of a disease. Suppose that n persons form a closed group and that a person infected by the disease is introduced into the group at time t = 0. Suppose that the infection spreads through contact among the members and that the probability of one new infection between time t and t+A, given that r members are uninfected at time t, is
Perforation of the Augmented Bladder in Patientsundergoing Clean Intermittent Catheterization

AbstractDuring urological reconstructive surgery small or large bowel is used to increase bladder capacity or to create a urinary reservoir. In most patients clean intermittent catheterization is n...
TU-D-209-05: Automatic Calculation of Organ and Effective Dose for CBCT and Interventional Fluoroscopic Procedures

Purpose: To compare PCXMC and EGSnrc calculated organ and effective radiation doses from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and interventional fluoroscopically-guided procedures using automatic exposure-event grouping. Methods: For CBCT, we used PCXMC20Rotation.exe to automatically calculate the doses and compared the results to those calculated using EGSnrc with the Zubal patient phantom. For interventional procedures, we use the dose tracking system (DTS) which we previously developed to produce a log file of all geometry and exposure parameters for every x-ray pulse during a procedure, and the data in the log file is input into PCXMC and EGSnrc for dose calculation. A MATLAB program reads data from the log files and groups similar exposures to reduce calculation time. The definition files are then automatically generated in the format used by PCXMC and EGSnrc. Processing is done at the end of the procedure after all exposures are completed. Results: For the Toshiba Infinix CBCT LCI-Middle-Abdominal protocol, most organ doses calculated with PCXMC20Rotation closely matched those calculated with EGSnrc. The effective doses were 33.77 mSv with PCXMC20Rotation and 32.46 mSv with EGSnrc. For a simulated interventional cardiac procedure, similar close agreement in organ dose was obtained between the two codes; the effective doses were 12.02 mSv with PCXMC and 11.35 mSv with EGSnrc. The calculations can be completed on a PC without manual intervention in less than 15 minutes with PCXMC and in about 10 hours with EGSnrc, depending on the level of data grouping and accuracy desired. Conclusion: Effective dose and most organ doses in CBCT and interventional radiology calculated by PCXMC closely match those calculated by EGSnrc. Data grouping, which can be done automatically, makes the calculation time with PCXMC on a standard PC acceptable. This capability expands the dose information that can be provided by the DTS. Partial support from NIH Grant R01-EB002873 and Toshiba Medical Systems Corp.
Use of Foodborne Disease Data for HACCP Risk Assessment

Methodological limitations in the way foodborne disease data are analyzed and reported nationally make it difficult to use it for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) risk assessment. This warranted the creation of a new system of classification and analysis. Foodborne disease data from reported outbreaks in New York State (NYS) between the years 1980-1991 (1,528 outbreaks involving 31,675 cases) were reviewed to develop two new categories by which foodborne disease vehicles were classified: Method of Preparation and Significant Ingredient. In addition, the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) list of contributing factors was expanded to more accurately reflect common problems encountered in these outbreaks. Data grouped by this method can be more readily used for the hazard analysis, identification of Critical Control Points (CCPs) and establish critical limits steps of the HACCP system. By identifying these features in a system that closely relates to the food preparation practices, corrective action can be taken to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of illness from that particular food. Two dimensional tables of these new data show trends in preparation methods, ingredients and contributing factors that can be used for risk assessment of establishments and their menus. A more detailed table shows agents of concern and likely CCPs associated with specific ingredients for each method of preparation that more accurately links foodborne disease data with HACCP. The presented data illustrates how this new method of analysis can be used to perform HACCP risk assessment. Increased support of foodborne disease surveillance would provide the data needed to make this new system a valuable tool for use in HACCP risk assessment.