cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Earthquake mechanisms and tsunami generation: The Kurile Islands event of 13 October 1963

abstract Investigations of tsunamigenesis on a spherically symmetric and elastic Earth using normal mode summations and moment tensor line sources are extended to include general double-couple mechanisms so that computed tsunami waveforms can be compared with specific observations. Amplitudes of 19 tide gauge records of the Kurile Islands sea wave of 13 October 1963 are reproduced within a factor of 2 by either a single line source 250 km in length or by a triplet of parallel line sources separated by 42 km. Both models predict a strong beaming of tsunami strength with wave heights toward the northwest and southeast three to eight times larger than those in the northeast and southwest. For faults over 150 km in length, 2 of the 6 moment tensor components dominate tsunami production. This fact motivated the coining of a new parameter, tsunami moment M t . By cataloging tsunami fields produced by suites of fault mechanisms, I find that M t is approximately proportional to the tsunamigenic potential of earthquakes. Despite the critical role of fault mechanism in tsunami generation, many sources have nearly equal tsunami moment and nearly equal ability for sea wave excitation. Estimates of shallow source strength from measurements of elastic surface waves have questionable integrity at both long (>100 sec) and short (>30 sec) periods. Amplitudes of high-frequency waves suffer from saturation due to source size and duration, while low-frequency amplitudes are unstable with respect to small perturbations in fault mechanism because of the influence of the Earth9s surface. Many tsunami earthquakes may be artifacts of underestimated source strength resulting from the inefficiency of shallow, nearly vertical dip-slip faults to produce long-period surface waves.
Sisir’s Tears: Bhakti and Belonging in Colonial Bengal

This article explores the manner in which bhakti emerges as a politicotheological concept in the period of rising nationalism in colonial Bengal. It examines Śrī Amiya Nimāī Carita, a multivolume sacred biography of Kṛṣṇa-Caitanya (1486–1533) authored by Sisir Kumar Ghosh (1840–1911) between 1885 and 1910. Ghosh was a journalist and a publisher with a reputation for anticolonialism and Hindu revivalism. Ghosh’s autobiographical and didactic prefaces attached to this sacred biography allow us to parse out a complex narrative of filial bonds and belonging that is integrally connected to an ambrosial (amiya) Nimāī (Caitanya’s nickname) and the devotional collective dedicated to him. Furthermore, these sacred biographies draw correspondences between the figure of Nimāī himself and the idea of Bengal—its history, culture, people, and society. This article systematically examines the evidence provided in this sacred biography of such overlaps between the figure of Caitanya and love for Bengal to argue that in the years leading up to the Swadeshi movement (1905–8), Vaiṣṇava bhakti, with its emphasis on love, loss, and femininity, arises as the idiom of comprehending and reifying ideas of intimacy and belonging to one’s homeland. In this fashion, they intellectually prepare the ground for the emergence of the powerful notion of deś -bhakti in its modern form—as patriotic nationalism based upon love and devotion for homeland.
Cardiomyocyte Proliferation for Therapeutic Regeneration

Current pharmacologic treatments for cardiovascular disease do not correct the underlying cellular defect, the loss of cardiomyocytes. With recent advancements in cardiac regenerative approaches, the induction of endogenous mature cardiomyocyte proliferation has emerged as a new possibility. Here, we review progress made toward the regeneration of cardiac tissue in the mammalian heart through the stimulation of mature cardiomyocyte renewal. The targeting of several developmental and signaling pathways has been shown to stimulate cell cycle re-entry in mature cardiomyocytes. In animal models of cardiac regeneration, various strategies have been used to target these pathways to stimulate cardiomyocyte renewal and have relied on the delivery of signaling factors via systemic delivery, epicardial patches, or direct intramyocardial injection. Gene therapy techniques involving the viral delivery of transgenes by using adenoviral or adeno-associated viral vectors have been used to successfully target cardiac gene expression. The delivery of nucleic acids in the form of anti-microRNAs and microRNA mimetics has also been shown to be effective in stimulating cardiomyocyte renewal. As the field of cardiac regeneration continues to progress, an important ongoing challenge in developing clinically translatable therapies is limiting the stimulation of growth pathways in non-cardiomyocytes.
Shoulder Pain in the Work Place

The incidence of shoulder injuries in the work place has risen significantly over the last 10 years. The purpose of this article is to review the anatomy and examination of the shoulder and to present an approach to treating shoulder disorders commonly seen in the injured worker.
Effect of Septal Ablation on Myocardial Relaxation and Left Atrial Pressure in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: An Invasive Hemodynamic Study

Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the effects of septal ablation on diastolic function with the use of invasive hemodynamics. Background Septal ablation is an alternative therapy for patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, its beneficial effect on diastolic function, by relieving the systolic contraction load, may be countered by adverse effects from the infarction on left ventricular mechanics. Methods Using high-fidelity, micromanometer-tipped catheters, we examined 40 HCM patients by taking direct measurements of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient, time constant of myocardial relaxation (tau), and left atrial pressure (LAP) before and after septal ablation. Results Although there was an overall reduction in LVOT gradient, septal ablation resulted in variable changes in myocardial relaxation and left atrial pressure. In 20 patients (50%), LAP increased. The magnitude of LVOT gradient reduction directly correlated with the effects of septal ablation on LAP (R = 0.58; p l 0.0001). Those patients with a greater decrease in the LVOT gradient had better improvement in direct LAP. Furthermore, those patients with a larger decrease in left ventricular outflow tract gradient had a beneficial enhancement of ventricular relaxation, as measured by tau (R = 0.43; p = 0.006). Thus, the beneficial enhancement of relaxation was directly related to improvement in LAP (R = 0.75; p l 0.0001). Conclusions Septal ablation results in variable effects on left ventricular filling pressure, which are dependent upon the magnitude of reduction in the LVOT gradient. These effects are mediated in part by effects of ablation on myocardial relaxation. These findings shed insight into the pathophysiologic effects of septal reduction therapy in patients with HCM.
Coin Weighing: Square Squaring

One type of problem that we all “teethed on” in our mathematical youth was the so-called weighing problem. We learned therein the valuable lesson of “branching” procedures: if this and this happens, then we do that and that, but if it does not happen, then instead we do such and such.
Multipliers of Drury–Arveson Space: A Survey

The Drury–Arveson Space, as a Hilbert function space, plays an important role in multivariable operator theory. We give a brief survey of some aspects of the multipliers on the space.
The Reciprocal Nature of Lying and Memory: Memory Confabulation and Diagnostic Cues to Deception

The ability to deceive others relies on the use of cognitive processes to construct a believable falsehood and maintain that lie over time. In this chapter, we discuss research that documents how the act of lying can influence the content of liars’ memories for the occasions when they lied and memories of the original experience. In addition, we describe how an understanding of memory processes can be a tool for uncovering deception. For instance, the content of memories of actual and fabricated events differ in characteristic ways, and people can be trained to utilize these features to discriminate between them. Furthermore, it is possible to magnify differences in the reports of liars and truth-tellers to increase detection. Memory can play a critical role in catching liars.
The U.S. Hot 100–3 February 1959: The Day the Music Died

This 4-CD, 100-song compilation was assembled by Paul Watts to memorialize an unforgettable day in the American pop music scene: 3 February 1959. Its contemporary function is to commemorate the 60t...
Developing students' testing skills: distinguishing functions

Students tend not to test programs well. This assignment forces them to create enough test cases so that they have demonstrated that a series of functions provided to them are different. We intend this experience will improve their ability, when they start programming, to create test cases that will justify their assumption that their program implements the function they want and not merely one that is similar.
Weapon of Choice: Terrorist Bombings in Armed Conflict

Under what circumstances do armed groups in conflict choose to use terrorist bombings? This article challenges the conventional wisdom that terrorist bombings are done by either ideologically-drive...
Equine hindlimb hoof biomechanics: an evaluation of the effect of routine hoof trimming on force and pressure distribution at midstance

Proper hoof function is vital for equine health and performance. Many musculoskeletal injuries in horses originate from the foot. Most studies performed to date have focused on the forehoof while t...
Broadband free space impedance in Co2Z hexaferrites by substitution of high valency heavy transition metal ions for miniaturized RF devices

Polycrystalline samples of Z-type hexaferrites, having nominal compositions Ba3Co2+xFe24−2xMxO41, where M = Ir, Hf, or Mo and x = 0 and 0.05, were processed via ceramic protocols in pursuit of low magnetic and dielectric losses, as well as equivalent permittivity and permeability over the VHF–UHF band. Fine process control was conducted to ensure optimal magnetic properties. Organic dispersants, i.e., isobutylene and maleic anhydride, were employed to achieve maximum densities. Crystallographic structure, characterized by x-ray diffraction, revealed that the dopants did not adversely affect the crystal structure and phase purity of the Z-type hexaferrite. An increase in permeability and size reduction factor is shown to be linearly proportional to the ionic radii of the dopants. This trend is consistent with local bonding distortions giving rise to increased exchange energy (J) as predicted by the Goodenough–Kanamori–Anderson rules and superexchange theory. We posit that these distortions increase the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy affecting the frequency dependent complex permeability. For Mo doping of x = 0.05, a bandwidth of 400 MHz exists at a center frequency of 650 MHz where the permittivity and permeability are very nearly equal, i.e., Z = 377 ± 5 Ω. These results give rise to low loss, i.e., tan δ e / e ′ = 0.0006 and tan δ μ / μ ′ = 0.038 at 650 MHz, with considerable size reduction (×9). The miniaturization and optimized performance of magnetodielectric materials for antenna at VHF–UHF frequencies using cost-effective and volumetric processing methodologies are demonstrated.
Blunt Thoracic Trauma-Induced Mitral Papillary Muscle Avulsion with Pericardial Rupture and Cardiac Herniation: Difficult and Delayed Diagnoses

Blunt thoracic trauma (BTT) and the resultant isolated mitral papillary muscle avulsion, pericardial rupture, and cardiac herniation injuries are each rarely diagnosed clinical entities. We describe the first case of combined pericardial tear with cardiac herniation and ruptured mitral papillary muscles following BTT. Preoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) diagnosed the delayed mitral papillary muscle rupture while all previous diagnostic modalities failed to delineate the pericardial rupture and cardiac herniation. Particular emphasis is placed on the clinical and radiologic aspects of the case that would heighten clinical suspicion in the emergency setting where blunt cardiac injury sequelae are suspected and frequently missed.
Healthcare Disparities in Dysvascular Lower Extremity Amputations

Our goal is to provide a current review of health disparities in patients with dysvascular lower extremity amputation, so that we can better identify how disparities persist after an amputation and how to reduce these disparities. Health disparities in amputation risk, level, and outcomes exist in the USA based on race/ethnicity, gender, income, insurance, care provider, hospital, neighborhood, and US region. While health disparities exist for patients with dysvascular lower extremity amputation, little is known about differences in function, rehabilitation, and prosthesis prescriptions. Future research in this area is important, so that we can better identify how disparities persist after an amputation.
Differences in prey personality mediate trophic cascades

Functional trait approaches in ecology chiefly assume the mean trait value of a population adequately predicts the outcome of species interactions. Yet this assumption ignores substantial trait variation among individuals within a population, which can have a profound effect on community structure and function. We explored individual trait variation through the lens of animal personality to test whether among-individual variation in prey behavior mediates trophic interactions. We quantified the structure of personalities within a population of generalist grasshoppers and examined, through a number of field and laboratory-based experiments, how personality types could impact tri-trophic interactions in a food chain. Unlike other studies of this nature, we used spatial habitat domains to evaluate how personality types mechanistically map to behaviors relevant in predator-prey dynamics and found shy and bold individuals differed in both their habitat use and foraging strategy under predation risk by a sit-and-wait spider predator. In the field-based mesocosm portion of our study, we found experimental populations of personality types differed in their trophic impact, demonstrating that prey personality can mediate trophic cascades. We found no differences in respiration rates or body size between personality types used in the mesocosm experiment, indicating relative differences in trophic impact were not due to variation in prey physiology but rather variation in behavioral strategies. Our work demonstrates how embracing the complexity of individual trait variation can offer mechanistically richer understanding of the processes underlying trophic interactions.
NMR spectroscopy analysis reveals differential metabolic responses in arabidopsis roots and leaves treated with a cytokinesis inhibitor

In plant cytokinesis, de novo formation of a cell plate evolving into the new cell wall partitions the cytoplasm of the dividing cell. In our earlier chemical genomics studies, we identified and characterized the small molecule endosidin-7, that specifically inhibits callose deposition at the cell plate, arresting late-stage cytokinesis in arabidopsis. Endosidin-7 has emerged as a very valuable tool for dissecting this essential plant process. To gain insights regarding its mode of action and the effects of cytokinesis inhibition on the overall plant response, we investigated the effect of endosidin-7 through a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) metabolomics approach. In this case study, metabolomics profiles of arabidopsis leaf and root tissues were analyzed at different growth stages and endosidin-7 exposure levels. The results show leaf and root-specific metabolic profile changes and the effects of endosidin-7 treatment on these metabolomes. Statistical analyses indicated that the effect of endosidin-7 treatment was more significant than the developmental impact. The endosidin-7 induced metabolic profiles suggest compensations for cytokinesis inhibition in central metabolism pathways. This study further shows that long-term treatment of endosidin-7 profoundly changes, likely via alteration of hormonal regulation, the primary metabolism of arabidopsis seedlings. Hormonal pathway-changes are likely reflecting the plant’s responses, compensating for the arrested cell division, which in turn are leading to global metabolite modulation. The presented NMR spectral data are made available through the Metabolomics Workbench, providing a reference resource for the scientific community.
The Role that Gaiters, Masks and Face Shields Can Play in Limiting the Transmission of Respiratory Droplets

The efficacy of face masks, neck gaiters and face shields are predicted and contrasted. In particular, a Lattice Spring Model of a neck gaiter serves as the input to a Lattice Boltzmann simulation. The Lattice Boltzmann method is used to capture the fluid dynamics both through and around various face coverings. The evaporation and transport of respiratory droplets is simulated in this flow field, and the efficacy of the different face coverings at stopping the spread of respiratory droplets are elucidated and contrasted. In agreement with recent experimental studies, we predict that neck gaiters are at least as effective as cloth masks, and both are far superior to a face shield.
Impossible Tuning Made Possible: A New Expert Algorithm and Its Applications

We resolve the long-standing "impossible tuning" issue for the classic expert problem and show that, it is in fact possible to achieve regret $O\left(\sqrt{(\ln d)\sum_t \ell_{t,i}^2}\right)$ simultaneously for all expert $i$ in a $T$-round $d$-expert problem where $\ell_{t,i}$ is the loss for expert $i$ in round $t$. Our algorithm is based on the Mirror Descent framework with a correction term and a weighted entropy regularizer. While natural, the algorithm has not been studied before and requires a careful analysis. We also generalize the bound to $O\left(\sqrt{(\ln d)\sum_t (\ell_{t,i}-m_{t,i})^2}\right)$ for any prediction vector $m_t$ that the learner receives, and recover or improve many existing results by choosing different $m_t$. Furthermore, we use the same framework to create a master algorithm that combines a set of base algorithms and learns the best one with little overhead. The new guarantee of our master allows us to derive many new results for both the expert problem and more generally Online Linear Optimization.
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) peak intensity normalization for complex mixture analyses.

Rationale Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) is a preferred technique for analyzing complex organic mixtures. Currently, there is no consensus normalization approach, nor an objective method for selecting one, for quantitative analyses of FT-ICR-MS data. We investigate a method to evaluate and score the amount of bias various normalization approaches introduce into the data. Methods We evaluate the ability of the Statistical Procedure for the Analysis of Normalization Strategies (SPANS) to guide the selection of appropriate normalization approaches for two different FT-ICR-MS data sets. Furthermore, we test the robustness of SPANS results to changes in SPANS parameter values and assess the impact of using various normalization approaches on downstream statistical analyses. Results The normalization approach identified by SPANS differed for the two data sets. Normalization methods impacted the statistical significance of peaks differently, underscoring the importance of carefully evaluating potential methods. More consistent SPANS scores resulted when at least 120 significant peaks are used, where larger sets of peaks were obtained by increasing the p-value threshold. Interestingly, we show that total sum scaling and highest peak normalization, used in previous studies, underperformed relative to SPANS-recommended normalization approaches. Conclusions Although there is no single, best normalization method for all data sets, SPANS provides a mechanism to identify an appropriate normalization method for analyzing FT-ICR-MS data quantitatively. The number of peaks used in the background distributions of SPANS contributes more significantly to the reproducibility of results than the p-value thresholds used to obtain those peaks.
A UAS-based RF testbed for water utilization in agroecosystems

Agroecosystems compose large economic sectors in dominantly agriculture-based societies. Availability and management of water resources have a huge influence on the sustainability of agroecosystems. Low soil moisture is a major constraint on crop growth due to its vital role in providing crops with sufficient nutrition for root uptake. Current methodologies in precision agriculture are insufficient for direct soil moisture sensing since reflected shortwave solar radiation and infrared long-wave emission can only provide information about surface characteristics. While microwave signals are known to be highly sensitive to water within plants and soil, its implementation from small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) platforms are at relatively low technological readiness level compared to the use of shortwave / longwave optical sensors. In this paper, we summarize our efforts to apply radio frequency (RF) / microwave remote sensing from UAS for water utilization in agroecosystems. Recently, we developed a comprehensive UAS-based RF testbed, including a microwave radiometer, a scatterometer, wideband ground penetrating radar system as well as Signals of Opportunity (SoOp) receivers. These instruments operate from UAS platforms and use the microwave / radio wave portions of the spectrum. The testbed is accompanied with proximal sensing via autonomous unmanned ground vehicles that acquire in- situ soil moisture and vegetation geophysical parameters to provide appropriate datasets for training and testing physics aware, machine learning-based models. In this paper, we introduce the RF sensing framework that can enable non-intrusive high-resolution soil moisture estimates at multiple depths of soil via UAS-based active / passive / SoOp RF instruments.
Immunohistochemical Staining for Lymphatic and Blood Vessels in Normal Tissues: Comparison between Routinely Paraffin-Embedded Tissues and Frozen Sections

Objective . In the current study, we compared the distribution of blood and lymphatic vessels from paraffin-embedded tissues with those of frozen tissues of normal human and rhesus monkey. Materials and Methods . We performed immunocytochemical staining for lymphatic and blood vessels using LYVE-1 for lymphatic vessels and von Willebrand factor (F-8) for blood ves- sels. Results . Normal tissues included spleen, lymph node, liver, pancreas, salivary gland, colon, diaphragm, heart, lung, thyroid, adrenal gland, kidney, ovary, endometrium, and prostate. Splenic sinusoids were stained for LYVE-1 and F-8 in the frozen sections, supporting that the sinusoid is a lymphoreticular system and blood vessel in structure and function. In frozen sections, the lymphatic sinusoids were consistently positive for LYVE-1, while hepatic sinusoids were positive for LYVE-1, but not for F-8. Thus, lymphatic and blood vessels were more readily detected in frozen tissue sections than in the paraffin-embedded sections. In the endometrium, lymphatic vessels were not diffusely immunostained in paraffin-embedded sections. However, frozen sections detected cyclic changes of lymphatic vessels, growing from basalis to functionalis in the menstrual cycle. Lymphatic vessels were immunostained in many organs using frozen sections. Small pulmonary blood vessels were not immunostained by F-8 in the periphery of the bronchial vessel tree most likely these smallest blood vessels were not immunostained due to less F-8 attached to their endothelia. Conclusion. The present findings illustrate the differences in the immunostaining of blood vessels in sections obtained from paraffin-embedded tissues and those from frozen tissue. These new findings may be relevant for the basic histology and histopathology of lymphatic and blood vessels.
Loss to Follow-Up and Re-Engagement in HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Care in the United States, 2013-2019.

Retention in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care is critical for effective PrEP implementation. Few studies have reported long-term lost to follow-up (LTFU) and re-engagement in PrEP care in t...
Serum-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli O111 contain increased lipopolysaccharide, lack an O antigen-containing capsule, and cover more of their lipid A core with O antigen.

Abstract Escherichia coli strains of group O111 were characterized with respect to sensitivity to complement killing, amount of lipopolysaccharide and O antigen-containing capsule, and distribution of O antigen. All wild-type E. coli O111 strains were resistant to complement killing in the absence of specific antibody. Presensitization of strains with antibody to whole cells (OK antibody), followed by incubation in 50% pooled normal human serum as a source of complement, subdivided wild-type strains into three types: completely resistant, partially resistant, and sensitive. Completely and partially resistant mutants were isolated by cycles of serum killing, starting with one sensitive strain. Completely resistant mutants had no O antigen-containing capsule, but had 50% more lipopolysaccharide than did the parent, and this lipopolysaccharide had 30% fewer lipid A core molecules devoid of O antigen. Partially resistant mutants still had O antigen-containing capsule, but contained 40% more lipopolysaccharide than did the parent; the extent of coverage of lipid A core with O antigen remained unchanged. No correlations were found between outer membrane protein composition and the degree of serum resistance. Since the terminal membrane attack complex (C5b-9) must stably insert into a hydrophobic membrane site to effect killing, we conclude that both increased lipid A core and increased coverage of lipid A core with O antigen preclude access of C5b-9 to lethal sites on the cell surface.
The line-driven instability

The line-driven instability may cause pronounced structure in winds of hot, luminous stars, e.g., fragments of dense shells, strong reverse shocks, and fast cloudlets. We discuss the linear stability theory, including the line-drag effect, phase reversal due to the diffuse radiation field, and the relevance of so-called Abbott waves. Recent hydrodynamic simulations focuss on the influence of a time-dependent source function on the flow structure, and on the X-ray emission from wind shocks and cloud collisions.
Beyond the Demand-Input Model: A Theory of Representational Linkages

We offer a theory of the direction and nature of representational linkages between constituents and their elected representatives based on two attributes of issues: their complexity and their relationship to the lines of partisan cleavage. We show that the theory is compatible with the existing evidence on representation and then offer results of tests of new predictions from the theory for both simple and complex party-defining issues. For additional evidence of the dyadic basis of these findings, we also show that the strength of the observed linkages varies in accordance with theoretical expectations about the seniority of members of Congress and, for senators, recency of election. We also explain how the theory can account for a number of seemingly contradictory empirical findings in the large literature on policy representation and how it allows scholars to make precise predictions about the characteristics of representational linkages.
Pulse Spectrum Analysis Method Of Measuring Fiber Bandwidth

A system for measuring optical fiber bandwidth utilizing the Pulse Spectrum Analysis method (PSA) has been established. This paper will discuss problems inherent to that system such as signal-to-noise ratio and off-peak error. Included are the results of bandwidth measurements on multimode telecommunication grade fibers. Finally, the PSA method is compared to other bandwidth measurement methods: the frequency domain (FD) and the time domain (TD) methods.
Hemodiabsorption in Treatment of Acute Hepatic Failure and Chronic Cirrhosis with Ascites

: Hemodiabsorption is a selective chemical removal process during which blood passes through dialysis membrane packages surrounded by a suspension of fine sorbent particles. The BioLogic-DT system contains charcoal and cation exchangers in a suspension that passes through dialysate spaces of a cellulosic membrane plate dialyzer. The system has proven effective in treatment of patients with serious drug overdose and has demonstrated positive effects in treatment of stage 4 coma due to hepatic failure. Recently, the charcoal in this system has been preloaded with branch chain amino acids to return these acids to patients while aromatic amino acids are removed. Further improvements include addition of osmotically active agents to the priming fluid and sorbent to increase blood oncotic pressure and transfer of ascitic fluid to blood while ultrafiltration transfers fluid out of the blood. Clinical testing of these improvements is now beginning in patients with ascites and encephalopathy due to chronic hepatic insufficiency and cirrhosis. Future improvements will include protein permeable membranes to increase removal of protein-bound toxins and addition of hepatic cells downstream from the hemodiabsorption unit.
Exercise-induced Bronchodilation in Asthma*

Of 34 symptomatic adult asthmatic patients (23 men) aged 51 ± 13 years (mean ± 1 SD) with moderately severe airways obstruction who underwent maximal exercise testing at room temperature (22°C) and humidity (44 percent RH) using a bicycle ergometer, we identified seven male patients aged 56 ± 9 years in whom forced expired volume in one second (FEV 1 ) increased ≥20 percent over the baseline pre-exercise value (exercise-induced bronchodilation). At maximal exercise, these patients achieved an O 2 consumption of 1.4 ± 0.4 L/min and a minute ventilation of 56 ± 9 L/min. Baseline FEV 1 was 1.3 ± 0.5 L (SD) (43 ± 12 percent predicted) and increased to 2.1 ± 0 .5 L at five minutes after exercise and persisted at least 20 minutes. Exercise was repeated in all seven patients on a separate day one to six months later, and results were similar in six. In these seven patients, three minutes of voluntary isocapnic hyperventilation achieving a minute ventilation comparable to that during maximal exercise led to an increase in FEV 1 of 20 ± 18 percent (range 0 to 54 percent). The Δmax 50 was 22 ± 30 percent before, and 10 ± 21 percent after maximal exercise and 25 ± 37 percent before, and 11 ± 22 percent after isocapnic hyperventilation. Pre-treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (mean serum concentration 120 ± 64 μg/ml) in the six patients with reproducible bronchodilation completely blocked exercise bronchodilation in one patient and blunted it in four others. Findings suggest that a subset of adult patients with symptomatic asthma may develop bronchodilation after six to eight minutes of exercise, that exercise-induced bronchodilation may in part be reproduced with isocapnic hyperventilation, and that it may be blocked completely or partially by acetylsalicyclic acid, implying mediation by prostaglandins.
Row Width and Weed Management Systems for Conventional Soybean Plantings in the Midsouthern USA

Field studies were conducted from 1994 through 1996 on Sharkey clay (very fine, smectitic, thermic chromic Epiaquert) at Stoneville, MS (33°26'N lat) to determine effect of weed management treatment (WTRT) on yield and net return from Maturity Group V soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars differing in height and grown in narrow rows (NRs; 50-cm width) and wide rows (WRs; 100-cm width) without and with irrigation. The WTRTs were (i) pre-emergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) broadleaf weed management; (ii) PRE broadleaf, PRE grass, and POST broadleaf weed management; (iii) POST broadleaf weed management; and (iv) POST broadleaf and POST grass weed management. Herbicides were broadcast-applied in NRs and band-applied (0.5-m-wide band centered over each row) in WRs. Postemergent cultivation was conducted in WRs. Weed management expense for NRs was greater than that for WRs in most cases. Use of NRs vs. WRs resulted in less weed cover at the end of the growing season, regardless of cultivar or WTRT. Three-year average seed yield and net return from NRs were greater than those from WRs. Regardless of row width, cultivar, or irrigation environment, highest net returns were obtained from managing only broadleaf weeds either PRE or POST under the conditions at this site.
Avian cardiovascular parameters: effect of intravenous osmotic agents, relation to salt gland secretion.

Die Wirkung auf Blutdruck, Puls, Durchblutung, Blutmenge, Plasma-Kationen und osmotischen Druck zu i.v. hypertonischem NaCl und Saccharose im Laufe der Zeit wurde in bestimmten Zeitabstanden bei 7 anasthetisierten Gansen, die der Salzdrusensekretion fahig sind, gemessen. Die Analyse der Reaktion fuhrt zu der Annahme, dass die Zunahme der Blutmenge und/oder die osmotische Konzentration die primaren Ereignisse sein konnten, die die Sekretion der Salzdrusen auslosen.
A Single Chip Micro-computer For A/v Monitor and Tv Receiver

A new application-specific microcomputer (MCU) designed to offer a user-friendly menu-driven on-screen display (OSD) in a multistandard A/V monitor and TV receiver is described. Built-in dedicated hardware is used to input the remote control signals. A single row display buffer requiring considerable CPU time is adopted for the on-screen display to conserve die size. A hardware multimaster inter-IC (IIC) bus interface is also available to facilitate computer alignment and troubleshooting during production or field service. The advanced features for next-generation TV MCU are also discussed. This MCU contains more than 120 K transistors and is fabricated in 1.5- mu m HCMOS technology with a die size of 45 mm/sup 2/. >
EFFECTS OF MATERNAL CIGARETTE SMOKING ON THE FETUS AND PLACENTA

A large prospective study of the effects of maternal cigarette smoking on the fetus was conducted using data collected through the Collaborative Perinatal Project of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. The data provided information on mothers who smoked during 1 pregnancy but not another. Birth weights were smaller in the pregnancy in which the mother smoked irrespective of birth order. At each gestational age birth weights were significantly less and from 33 weeks gestation onward placental weights were greater in heavy smokers than in light and nonsmokers. Other factors which might contribute to fetal growth retardation and shorter gestations were studied. None could explain the differences in infant birth weight between smoking and nonsmoking mothers. Pregnancies were a mean 1.5 days shorter in smokers than in nonsmokers due to a higher incidence of amniotic fluid infections in the smokers. The heavy smokers had lower pregnancy weight gains independent of infant and placental weight indicating that some amount of malnutrition might have accounted for part of their low birth weight infants.
TRPC1-mediated Ca²⁺ entry is essential for the regulation of hypoxia and nutrient depletion-dependent autophagy.

Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process needed for the degradation and recycling of protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Although Ca2+ is suggested to have an important role in cell survival, the ion channel(s) involved in autophagy have not been identified. Here we demonstrate that increase in intracellular Ca2+ via transient receptor potential canonical channel-1 (TRPC1) regulates autophagy, thereby preventing cell death in two morphologically distinct cells lines. The addition of DMOG or DFO, a cell permeable hypoxia-mimetic agents, or serum starvation, induces autophagy in both epithelial and neuronal cells. The induction of autophagy increases Ca2+ entry via the TRPC1 channel, which was inhibited by the addition of 2APB and SKF96365. Importantly, TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ entry resulted in increased expression of autophagic markers that prevented cell death. Furthermore, hypoxia-mediated autophagy also increased TRPC1, but not STIM1 or Orai1, expression. Silencing of TRPC1 or inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine, but not TRPC3, attenuated hypoxia-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ influx, decreased autophagy, and increased cell death. Furthermore, the primary salivary gland cells isolated from mice exposed to hypoxic conditions also showed increased expression of TRPC1 as well as increase in Ca2+ entry along with increased expression of autophagic markers. Altogether, we provide evidence for the involvement of Ca2+ influx via TRPC1 in regulating autophagy to protect against cell death.
The Future of Blue Economy: Lessons for European Union

Advancing global economic integration through the oceans, an interplay of economic, social, climatologic and technical forces are bringing the oceans to the forefront of resource development and business activity. With oceans covering over 70 percent of the Earth's surface, the future of the ocean space is increasingly being shaped by the interaction of numerous and powerful forces, most important of them being human activities. Over next 20 years, increasing uncertainty will be generated by the confluence of rapid social, cultural, technological and geopolitical changes. The rapid global increase in the production outputs of industry, agriculture and fisheries, as well as rising levels of consumption of marine products and the demand for coastal space worldwide is exerting increasing environmental pressure on the ocean. There is a need to identify more effective means to reduce the environmental impacts generated by the economic growth and its by-products. Sustainable approaches meet the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to satisfy their own needs. The Blue Economy concept is about the commercial development of oceans in a sustainable way. Poland's future economic security is linked with country's presence in the world ocean and successful membership in international bodies such as European Union, NATO and various United Nations maritime organizations. These factors will also determine Poland's place and its role in the global ocean economy.
Does rapid response to two group psychotherapies for binge eating disorder predict abstinence

Abstract Objective Extend understanding of a rapid response (RR) to treatment by examining its prognostic significance at end-of-treatment (EOT) and 1 year follow-up within two group treatments for binge eating disorder (BED): Dialectical Behavior Therapy for BED (DBT-BED) and an active comparison group therapy (ACGT). Methods 101 adults with BED randomized to 20-weeks DBT-BED versus ACGT ( Safer, Robinson, & Jo, 2010 ). RR defined as ≥65% reduction in the frequency of days of binge eating by week 4. RR across and within treatment conditions used to predict binge eating abstinence and secondary outcomes (e.g., binge eating pathology, treatment attrition) at EOT and 1 year follow-up. Results (1) Significantly higher binge eating abstinence for rapid responders (RR; n = 41) vs. non-rapid responders (non-RRs; n = 60) at EOT (70.7% vs. 33.3%) and 1 year follow-up (70.7% vs. 40.0%), respectively, as well as improvement on most secondary measures (2) Significantly less attrition among RRs vs. non-RRs (3) Significantly higher binge eating abstinence rates at both time points for DBT-RRs vs. DBT-non-RRs, but not for ACGT-RRs vs. ACGT-non-RRs. Conclusions Current study extends prognostic significance of RR to 1 year follow-up. RR more prominent for those randomly assigned to DBT-BED than ACGT. Implications discussed.
Parents' and Medical Student Therapists' Perceptions of Child Mental Health Services: A Teaching Program in Prevention and Early Intervention

The ratings of 70 medical student therapists in their psychiatric clerkships were matched with the consumers of their services-70 parents obtaining a psychiatric evaluation for their children in an outpatient clinic. The pairs were asked to rate factors which influenced the mental health services provided, including the economic and socio-cultural backgrounds of the child and therapist. Parents were found to rate these factors as less influential than the medical studient therapists, who tended to be more conservative about their own effectiveness as therapists. The students also perceived the patients' personalities and cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds as more influential to the patient-therapist relationship than did the parents. Suggestions are made for more educational information regarding metnal health services for the public and for medical students to increase their knowledge and the effectiveness of the patient-therapist relationship in the intervention process and insight into what the process of prevention should be.
Thinking Developmentally: The Bible, the First-Year College Student, and Diversity.

The Bible is a non-western text subject to a variety of interpretations and applications - construc- tive and destructive. The academic study of the Bible, therefore, requires critical thinking skills and the ability to engage with diversity. The reality is that most first- year college students have not yet developed these skills. Rather than bemoan students' lack of development, the essay explores ways of teaching and applying critical thinking within the context of an introductory Religion course. The essay claims that first-year college students can better learn the content of the discipline and func- tion in a pluralistic world if the teaching of critical thinking skills is a part of the pedagogy.
On 2-factors of a bipartite graph

In this article, we consider the following problem: Given a bipartite graph G and a positive integer k, when does G have a 2-factor with exactly k components? We will prove that if G = (V1, V2, E) is a bipartite graph with |V1| = |V2| = n ≥ 2k + 1 and δ (G) ≥ ⌈n-2⌉ + 1, then G contains a 2-factor with exactly k components. We conjecture that if G = (V1, V2; E) is a bipartite graph such that |V1| = |V2| = n ≥ 2 and δ (G) ≥ ⌈n-2⌉ + 1, then, for any bipartite graph H = (U1, U2; F) with |U1| ≤ n, |U2| ≤ n and Δ (H) ≤ 2, G contains a subgraph isomorphic to H. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 31: 101–106, 1999
Nonfibrinolytic Functions of Plasminogen

Although the roles of plasminogen and plasmin in mediating blood clot dissolution are well known, the availability of mice deficient for components of the fibrinolytic system has allowed direct approaches to be made toward elucidating the role of these proteins in other diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes. A number of these studies have identified plasminogen as playing an important role in inflammation and other cell migratory processes. With the identification of receptors for plasminogen on a number of pathogens, and the ability to activate plasminogen through either endogenous production of plasminogen activators or utilization of host activators, mice deficient for components of the fibrinolytic system offer a unique approach toward further elucidating the importance of this system in pathogen infection and dissemination.
Modeling the action of factor VIIa in dilutional coagulopathy

Dilutional coagulopathy is observed in patients who have lost blood and had the blood volume replaced with components that do not have plasma procoagulants and anticoagulants. Since both procoagulant and anticoagulant mechanisms contribute to total thrombin generation, it is not clear whether the procoagulant or anticoagulant effects will dominate when both are decreased. Decreasing antithrombin levels leads to increasing thrombin generation in ex vivo models. However, in these same models decreasing prothrombin leads to decreasing thrombin generation. Previous studies can be extrapolated to suggest that the ratio of procoagulants and anticoagulants may be the critical component in determining thrombin generation. Limited clinical data suggest that factor VIIa has been useful in controlling intractable bleeding in some cases of dilutional coagulopathy. Preliminary data suggest that factor VIIa activation of factors X and IX on activated platelets enhances thrombin generation significantly in a model of dilutional coagulopathy. This may suggest a mechanism to account for the efficacy of factor VIIa in reducing blood loss in some settings of dilutional coagulopathy.
ERROR ESTIMATORS FOR MORTAR FINITE ELEMENT DISCRETIZATIONS

We consider two different types of error estimators for a nonconforming domain decomposition method, the so-called mortar finite element method. At the interfaces of the subdomains is no conformity condition enforced. An example is presented where we obtain strongly nonconforming triangulations within the adaptive refinement process.
Assessment of anti-recombination and double-strand break-induced gene conversion in human cells by a chromosomal reporter.

Gene conversion is one of the frequent end results of homologous recombination, and it often underlies the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells. Here, we have developed an integrated assay system that allows simultaneous examination of double-strand break (DSB)-induced gene conversion events at the site of a DSB (proximal region) and at a surrounding region ∼1 kb away from the break (distal region). Utilizing this assay system, we find that gene conversion events at the proximal and distal regions are relatively independent of one another. The results also indicate that synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) plays a major role in DSB-induced gene conversion. In addition, our current study has demonstrated that hMLH1 plays an essential role in anti-recombination and gene conversion. Specifically, the anti-recombination activity of hMLH1 is partially dependent on its interaction with hMRE11. Our data suggests that the role of hMLH1 and hMRE11 in the process of gene conversion is complex, and these proteins play different roles in DSB-induced proximal and distal gene conversions. In particular, the involvement of hMLH1 and hMRE11 in the distal gene conversion requires both hMSH2 and heteroduplex formation.
Transient spectra in graphite

Abstract The transient spectra in graphite, following a pulse of fast neutrons is calculated by solving numerically the time and energy-dependent Boltzmann equation. The asymptotic spectra is compared with fundamental mode eigenfunction and the existence of a discrete resolvable eigenvalue is discussed. All our conclusions on the behaviour of the time decay constants are based on using Parks' model for graphite and multigroup diffusion theory.
Regression models with arbitrarily interval-censored observations

By arbitrarily interval censoring we mean a lifetime could be either ughl-censored, left-censored, strictly interval-censored, or observed exactly. In this paper, we shall study the least squares regression and Cox regression models when data are subject to said censoring scheme. Simulations and an application of a set of cancer treatment data are studied for investigating the performance of the proposed methods.
Effect of Cr2O3 electrode morphology on the nitric oxide response of a stabilized zirconia sensor

Abstract Electrochemical sensors using a porous Cr 2 O 3 sensing electrode and an yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte were fabricated and tested for their NO sensitivity. The electrodes were fabricated by colloidal spray deposition of Cr 2 O 3 powder, followed by sintering at 1000–1200 °C. The effects of sintering temperature on the electrode thickness and microstructure are discussed. The observed dependence of the NO sensitivity, in the temperature range of 500–600 °C, on both the electrode thickness and microstructure indicates competing mechanisms are involved in the sensor response. The reaction of NO and O 2 to form NO 2 at the electrode surface was explored using a chemiluminescent NO x analyzer. The data indicate that sintering temperature also affects the catalytic activity of the Cr 2 O 3 .