cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Keshan Disease in Chongqing City during 2008-2012: Clinical Characteristics and Geographical Distribution

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and geographical distribution of Keshan disease in Chongqing city for prevention and disease control. Methods We collected the clinical data of patients with Keshan disease from 2008 to 2012 in Liangping, Shizhu, Fengdu and Dianjiang counties as well as Wanzhou district of Chongqing city including the medical history, physical examination, results of laboratory tests to analyze the clinical characteristics and geographical distribution. Results Fit y-eight patients were included from Liangping(n=21), Shizhu(n=25), Fengdu(n=11) and Dianjiang(n=1). The number of patients with potential and chronic Keshan disease was 16 and 42, respectively. The average age of patients was 54.91±15.53 years. The proportion above age 60 was 32.76% and below age 10 was 3.45%. The patients had main clinical signs as heart enlargement(36.76%), low-weak i rst heart sound(22.41%), systolic murmur(10.34%), arrhythmia(8.62%), etc. Abnormal ECG detection rate was 98.28%, with common types followed by sinus rhythm(37.93%), complete right bundle branch block(25.86%), ST-T changes(24.14%), let ventricular hypertrophy(15.52%), atrial i brillation(13.79%), occasional ventricular premature(10.34%), T changes(10.34%), sinus bradycardia(8.62%), and incomplete right bundle branch block(6.90%). X-ray results showed that heart enlargement accounted for 82.76%. The ratios of mild, moderate and signii cant expansion of the heart were 46.55%, 27.59%, and 8.62%, respectively. Conclusion In recent years, most patients with Keshan disease in Chongqing are chronic type at older age. The main clinical symptom is heart enlargement with high abnormal ECG detection rate.
The Thinking about Campus Online Teaching Resource Construction

Teaching resource construction has become an important respect of information construction of university educate teaching. This text has appeared the main type of teaching resource construction, put forward teaching resource construction schemes according to the reality of the school, organized and implemented.
Two-dimensional enrichment analysis for mining high-level imaging genetic associations

Enrichment analysis has been widely applied in the genome-wide association studies, where gene sets corresponding to biological pathways are examined for significant associations with a phenotype to help increase statistical power and improve biological interpretation. In this work, we expand the scope of enrichment analysis into brain imaging genetics, an emerging field that studies how genetic variation influences brain structure and function measured by neuroimaging quantitative traits (QT). Given the high dimensionality of both imaging and genetic data, we propose to study Imaging Genetic Enrichment Analysis (IGEA), a new enrichment analysis paradigm that jointly considers meaningful gene sets (GS) and brain circuits (BC) and examines whether any given GS–BC pair is enriched in a list of gene–QT findings. Using gene expression data from Allen Human Brain Atlas and imaging genetics data from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative as test beds, we present an IGEA framework and conduct a proof-of-concept study. This empirical study identifies 25 significant high-level two-dimensional imaging genetics modules. Many of these modules are relevant to a variety of neurobiological pathways or neurodegenerative diseases, showing the promise of the proposal framework for providing insight into the mechanism of complex diseases.
The Orienting Response

The orienting response (OR) is a fundamental component of classical conditioning. For Pavlov it provided a means of determining whether a stimulus could serve as a CR. The OR eventually became the focus of much interest in its own right, as it reflected the animal’s initial overt reaction to a new, soon-to-be-conditioned stimulus. Because stimuli with little inherent salience elicit an OR before conditioning, Pavlov referred to the OR as a “what is it” reflex. The OR signals an observable attentional reaction before learning. For this reason, it has been of great interest to attentional researchers and is considered here in greater depth.
A cryptographic sandbox for an introductory security course in information technology

Students in Information Technology need to understand security issues as they pertain to the many different technologies they study. With lack of sufficient technical background to study complex cryptographic concepts, a traditional course in Information Security tends to focus on higher level knowledge involving policies, tools, and case studies and avoids an in-depth look at the underlying technology that is used to protect modern computing systems. We present a cryptographic sandbox developed for such an introductory security course. The aim is to introduce traditionally math-intensive concepts in a simple, easy-to-understand format. The sandbox focuses on incrementally developing an encryption system based on a random sequence stream cipher that students build from the ground up. We use JavaScript as our language to develop these algorithms, requiring minimal programming background. We built a set of simple-to-follow labs that allow students to build the encryption system, apply it to security concepts and eventually attempt to crack it using a brute force approach.
Split Thickness Skin Graft to Lower Leg.

Purpose The purpose of this video is to demonstrate the steps of harvesting, meshing, and applying a split thickness skin graft (STSG) to a lower leg to cover a lateral fasciotomy wound. Methods A patient with a gunshot wound to his tibia has already undergone intramedullary rodding of the fracture and has had and medial and lateral fasciotomies for compartment syndrome. In the video, the lateral leg wound is covered with an STSG from the ipsilateral, lateral thigh. The graft is harvested with a dermatome, then meshed, and then inset for full coverage of the wound. A sterile, negative pressure dressing is applied at the conclusion of the case. Results The video is 5 minutes, 46 seconds duration in time and 1,922,884,000 bytes in size. Conclusion Various techniques of STSG have been described. This video demonstrates a successful strategy for coverage of a lateral leg wound with an STSG and negative pressure dressing.
Age-Related Sensory Impairments and Risk of Cognitive Impairment.

Objectives To evaluate the associations between sensory impairments and 10-year risk of cognitive impairment. Design The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study (EHLS), a longitudinal, population-based study of aging in the Beaver Dam, Wisconsin community. Baseline examinations were conducted in 1993 and follow-up examinations have been conducted every 5 years. Setting General community. Participants EHLS members without cognitive impairment at EHLS-2 (1998–2000). There were 1,884 participants (mean age 66.7) with complete EHLS-2 sensory data and follow-up information. Measurements Cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 25 dB hearing level in either ear, visual impairment was a Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity of <1.55 log units in the better eye, and olfactory impairment was a San Diego Odor Identification Test score of <6. Results Hearing, visual, and olfactory impairment were independently associated with cognitive impairment risk (hearing: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11–3.26; vision: HR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.24–3.38; olfaction: HR = 3.92, 95% CI = 2.45–6.26)). Nevertheless, 85% of participants with hearing impairment, 81% with visual impairment, and 76% with olfactory impairment did not develop cognitive impairment during follow-up. Conclusion The relationship between sensory impairment and cognitive impairment was not unique to one sensory system, suggesting that sensorineural health may be a marker of brain aging. The development of a combined sensorineurocognitive measure may be useful in uncovering mechanisms of healthy brain aging.
Modeling Price and Yield Risk

Agricultural producers face a wide array of risks that influence their production and marketing decisions. Though a precise and comprehensive taxonomy may be difficult, risk is typically assumed to originate from the random nature of prices (for both inputs and outputs) and yields (for both animal and plant production). In addition, producers may face other less tangible sources of risk, including those risks associated with liability issues and the potential for capital gains and losses in asset values that may arise from exogenous shocks such as policy changes.1
Analysis of the DC breakdown in sintered titanates

The electrical breakdown in a dielectric medium may be defined as the state when the conductivity increases as a function of time without limit under the influence of a constant electric field. In solids, if the mechanical breakdown due to electromechanical coupling is unimportant, such increase in the conductivity-leads to the so called thermal breakdown. In inhomogeneous solids the breakdown condition is governed by the maximum local conductivity which may include gaseous discharge in the pores, the higher conductivity of the grain boundary relative to the bulk, etc. If one mechanism causes the maximum local conductivity, then the characteristics, such as the temperature and density dependences, of the breakdown condition due to this mechanism could be observed, and vice versa.
Abstract 1935: Gene expression analysis reveals distinct pathways of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in ovarian cancer

Purpose: The rapid development of resistance after an initial response phase is a major challenge of antiangiogenic therapies. The molecular mechanisms underlying clinical resistance to antiangiogenic therapies are not yet well understood. We aimed to identify potential mediators of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy, with a view toward eventually developing therapeutic approaches to improve antiangiogenic therapies. Methods: We developed preclinical in vivo phenotypic resistance models of antiangiogenic therapy using human ovarian carcinoma cells. We used two representative anti-VEGF agents to block VEGF (bevacizumab, 10 mg/kg BIW, IP) or its receptor (sorafenib, 30 mg/kg daily, PO). The treatment was given until tumors showed a long-term trend toward continued progression after an initial response (resistant tumor). Whereas treatment-sensitive tumors were defined by a long-term trend toward stable disease or regression. We conducted next generation sequencing to compare changes in the gene expression in resistant and sensitive tumors, distinguishing their origin (tumor vs stroma cells). To get a more detailed perspective of the overall changes in gene expression, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed by pair-wise comparison according to treatment outcome (resistant vs sensitive) with respect to bevacizumab and sorafenib, of which the entire MSigDB collections were compared to. Further, significantly enriched pathways were validated with clinical gene expression profiling studies of various tumor types deposited in GEO and ArrayExpress. Results: Our GSEA analysis revealed significant differences (FDR Conclusions: Here, we report distinct pathways of response to bevacizumab and sorafenib in preclinical ovarian cancer models, which may provide critical insights into ovarian tumor9s adaption during anti-VEGF blockade. These pathways may also provide important clues for identifying synergistic therapeutic strategies to overcome or delay resistance to antiangiogenic agents. Citation Format: Bharat Kumar Devapatla, Pharavee Jaiprasart, Sukyung Woo. Gene expression analysis reveals distinct pathways of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1935. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1935
Effects of Prolonged GRP78 Haploinsufficiency on Organ Homeostasis, Behavior, Cancer and Chemotoxic Resistance in Aged Mice

GRP78, a multifunctional protein with potent cytoprotective properties, is an emerging therapeutic target to combat cancer development, progression and drug resistance. The biological consequences of prolonged reduction in expression of this essential chaperone which so far has been studied primarily in young mice, was investigated in older mice, as older individuals are likely to be important recipients of anti-GRP78 therapy. We followed cohorts of Grp78+/+ and Grp78+/− male and female mice up to 2 years of age in three different genetic backgrounds and characterized them with respect to body weight, organ integrity, behavioral and memory performance, cancer, inflammation and chemotoxic response. Our results reveal that body weight, organ development and integrity were not impaired in aged Grp78+/− mice. No significant effect on cancer incidence and inflammation was observed in aging mice. Interestingly, our studies detected some subtle differential trends between the WT and Grp78+/− mice in some test parameters dependent on gender and genetic background. Our studies provide the first evidence that GRP78 haploinsufficiency for up to 2 years of age has no major deleterious effect in rodents of different genetic background, supporting the merit of anti-GRP78 drugs in treatment of cancer and other diseases affecting the elderly.
It’s About Attitude and Experiments

Although it is clear that philosophers are unable to identify unique methodological elements that characterize scientific research, it appears that we can identify certain features from which it derives its explanatory power. An awareness of the philosophical and historical underpinnings of science provides the researcher with the conceptual and analytical tools to examine and evaluate his practice. These tools will also help in the assessment of the work done in his own field, and in other disciplines.
WeRGreat, Inc. Merit Increase Decisions:

Although U.S. corporations rely heavily on merit pay programs to distribute pay increases to their employees, many undergraduate students, even those who have held jobs, lack exposure to merit pay ...
A randomized controlled trial of orthodontist-based brief advice to prevent child obesity.

Abstract Objective We conducted a randomized controlled trial to test whether brief exercise and diet advice provided during child patient visits to their orthodontic office could improve diet, physical activity, and age-and-gender-adjusted BMI. Methods We enrolled orthodontic offices in Southern California and Tijuana, Mexico, and recruited their patients aged 8–16 to participate in a two-year study. At each office visit, staff provided the children with “prescriptions” for improving diet and exercise behaviors. Multilevel models, which adjusted for clustering, determined differential group effects on health outcomes, and moderation of effects. Results We found differential change in BMI favoring the intervention group, but only among male participants (p d = 0.085). Of four dietary variables, only junk food consumption changed differentially, in favor of the intervention group (p = 0.020; d = 0.122); the effect was significant among overweight/obese (p = 0.001; d = 0.335) but not normal weight participants. Physical activity declined non-differentially in both groups and both genders. Conclusion The intervention, based on the Geoffrey Rose strategy, had limited success in achieving its aims. Implications Orthodontists can deliver non-dental prevention advice to complement other health-practitioner-delivered advice. Higher fidelity to trial design is needed to adequately test the efficacy of clinician-based brief advice on preventing child obesity and/or reversing obesity.
Servant Leadership: Philosopher’s Perspective

This chapter is the first of three chapters to take an in-depth look at servant leadership. In this chapter, some of the philosophical approaches to servant leadership are explored. Key topics in this chapter include self-awareness, authenticity, morality, love, trust, and spirituality. Greenleaf (The servant as leader. Center for Applied Studies, Cambridge, MA, 1970) referred to self-awareness as psychological self-insight and stated that it is the most dependable aspect of a servant leader. One’s ability to focus on others would be dictated by their level of self-awareness. Authenticity is important to a servant leader as it is not a management technique but a way of life. Key aspects of authenticity (e.g., humility, integrity, vulnerability) better enable a servant leader to connect with followers. The morality of a servant leader does not allow them to use followers as a means to an end and love, as a verb, is the operationalization of servant leadership (e.g., love is patient, kind, selfless, and honest). Trust is the mechanism through which needs are met, followers are empowered, and enabled to become leaders. Connections are also made between servant leadership, spirituality, religion, and, meaning. Finally, this chapter addresses on the mechanics of servant leadership, how it aids in conflict resolution, and the reluctance to embrace servant leadership.
Multiplicity of coprime pairs for extension of coprime sensor arrays

This research finds the optimum period of a basic coprime sensor array (CSA) needed to reduce the PSL height to -13 dB for both minimum and product processing methods. Our design does not have the constraint that the subarray lengths be one integer apart unlike in [Adhikari et al., 2014]. We apply MUSIC algorithm to the optimized CSA and compare the PSD estimate obtained by Vaidyanathan and Pal’s covariance matrix estimation using a single sensor pair versus our covariance matrix estimated using all available sensor pairs. We show that minimum processing requires fewer periods than product processing to reach the PSL height of -13 dB. Larger coprime pairs require fewer periods and cause an increase in variance and a decrease in the number of lags available between the two subarrays. This decrease lowers the accuracy of the covariance matrix estimation. However, using all available sensor pairs to generate the covariance matrix greatly increases the accuracy compared to using a single sensor pair. When only one signal is present, both covariance estimates produce a similar, accurate DOA, but as the number of signals increases, our covariance estimate performs better. [Work supported by Louisiana Tech University.]
Intro to Archival Science: Developing an Undergraduate Archival Elective Outside of a LIS Program

This case study describes the development and implementation of a three-credit undergraduate archival science course at Mount St. Mary’s University. Offered through the university’s Department of H...
Where Is the Concept of Good Faith in the Restatement of Employment

This article examines the standard that the Restatement of Employment law recently adopted for the implied covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing (CGFFD) in section 2.07. The standard covers accrued benefits, but misses most of the bad faith and unfair dealing behaviors that show up in the cases when employers take advantage of their employees for reasons unrelated to work. These bad behaviors often take the form of unduly restricting an employee’s decisionmaking about their lives, their liberty, privacy, or autonomy, by implicitly or explicitly threatening to discharge the employee at will. The Restatement favors at-will rather than the CGFFD when the two principles are in tension but provides no reasoned justification for the preference. The article explains the difference between what a nuanced, and well-developed CGFFD standard can do, and the just cause and public policy exception standards. The article suggests that Robert Summers’ “excluder” concept would provide a better, more responsive, and well-delineated method for developing the CGFFD in employment settings. Finally, the article concludes how weak the Restatement’s version of the CGFFD is in comparison to Alaska and California more fully explained jurisprudence on the CGFFD.
Examining the relationship between metal exposure (Cd and Hg), subcellular accumulation, and physiology of juvenile Crassostrea virginica

To assess the toxicity and accumulation (total and subcellular partitioning) of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg), juvenile eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, were exposed for 4 weeks to a range of concentrations (Control, Low (1×), and High (4×)). Despite the 4-fold increase in metal concentrations, oysters from the High-Cd treatment (2.4 μM Cd) attained a body burden that was only 2.4-fold greater than that of the Low-Cd treatment (0.6 μM Cd), while oysters from the High-Hg treatment (0.056 μM Hg) accumulated 8.9-fold more Hg than those from the Low-Hg treatment (0.014 μM Hg). This fold difference in total Cd burdens was, in general, mirrored at the subcellular level, though binding to heat-denatured proteins in the High-Cd treatment was depressed (only 1.6-fold higher than the Low-Cd treatment). Mercury did not appear to appreciably partition to the subcellular fractions examined in this study, with the fold difference in accumulation between the Low- and High-Hg treatments ranging from 1.5-fold (heat-stable proteins) to 4.6-fold (organelles). Differences in toxicological impairments (reductions in condition index, protein content, and ETS activity) exhibited by oysters from the High-Cd treatment may be partially due to the nature of how different metals partition to subcellular components in the oysters, though exact mechanisms will require further examination.
The Neurology of Vision

It is estimated that nearly half of the brain’s neurons are connected directly to the retina and involved in the processing of vision, attesting to the paramount importance of vision in brain functioning. For more than a century, scientists have investigated the visual system through studies of its complex anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology. Although we are still at the early stages of understanding vision, great progress is being made toward deciphering how the brain interprets shapes, objects, movement, location, and facial recognition. The optics of the cornea and lens project focused images of the external world onto the retina. However, the experience and conscious interpretation of visual phenomena involve structures in the cortex and brain stem. Scientists have only begun to decode and build neural network models to simulate and explain how what we experience as vision is processed and interpreted by the brain.
Local Langlands duality and a duality of conformal field theories

We show that the numerical local Langlands duality for GLn and the T – duality of twodimensional quantum gravity arise from one and the same symmetry principle. The unifying theme is that the local Fourier transform in both its `-adic and complex incarnation gives rise to symmetries of arithmetic and geometric local Langlands parameters.
Bioavailability and cytosolic kinases modulate response to deoxynucleoside therapy in TK2 deficiency.

Abstract Background TK2 is a nuclear gene encoding the mitochondrial matrix protein thymidine kinase 2 (TK2), a critical enzyme in the mitochondrial nucleotide salvage pathway. Deficiency of TK2 activity causes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion, which in humans manifests predominantly as a mitochondrial myopathy with onset typically in infancy and childhood. We previously showed that oral treatment of the Tk2 H126N knock-in mouse model (Tk2−/−) with the TK2 substrates, deoxycytidine (dCtd) and thymidine (dThd), delayed disease onset and prolonged median survival by 3-fold. Nevertheless, dCtd + dThd treated Tk2−/− mice showed mtDNA depletion in brain as early as postnatal day 13 and in virtually all other tissues at age 29 days. Methods To enhance mechanistic understanding and efficacy of dCtd + dThd therapy, we studied the bioavailability of dCtd and dThd in various tissues as well as levels of the cytosolic enzymes, TK1 and dCK that convert the deoxynucleosides into dCMP and dTMP. Findings Parenteral treatment relative to oral treatment produced higher levels of dCtd and dThd and improved mtDNA levels in liver and heart, but did not ameliorate molecular defects in brain or prolong survival. Down-regulation of TK1 correlated with temporal- and tissue-specificity of response to dCtd + dThd. Finally, we observed in human infant and adult muscle expression of TK1 and dCK, which account for the long-term efficacy to dCtd + dThd therapy in TK2 deficient patients. Interpretations These data indicate that the cytosolic pyrimidine salvage pathway enzymes TK1 and dCK are critical for therapeutic efficacy of deoxynucleoside therapy for Tk2 deficiency. Fund National Institutes of Health P01HD32062.
Models with cytoplasmic effects for birth, weaning, and fleece weights, and litter size at birth for a population of Targhee sheep.

Fifteen models were compared for the birth weight of 33,994 lambs recorded at the U.S. Sheep Experimental Station (1950 to 1998). The initial intent was to estimate fractions of variance due to cytoplasmic line (c2; n = 892) and sire by cytoplasmic line interaction (sc2; n = 17,557). The basic model included direct genetic (fractional variance, a2; n = 35,684), maternal genetic (m2, with correlation r-am), and maternal permanent environmental (p2; n = 8,418) effects. The model with sc2 was significantly better than the basic model with and without c2. When other random effects were added, sc2 became zero. Significant effects were associated with random dam x year (dy2; n = 24,801), sire x dam (sd2; n = 23,924), and dam x number born (dn2; n = 12,944) interaction effects. Estimates with all effects in the model were a2, 0.24; m2, 0.19; r-am, 0.11; p2, 0.05; c2, 0.00; dn2, 0.04; dy2, 0.06; sd2, 0.05; sc2, 0.00. Estimates for a2, m2, and r-am were the same for all models. Estimate of p2 changed when other effects were added to the model. Largest estimates for nongenetic effects were: p2, 0.08; c2, 0.00; dy2, 0.13; sd2, 0.11; and sc2, 0.04. Regardless of whether Westell groups (n = 91) were in the model, estimates were similar. For weaning weight (120-d, n = 32,715), estimates of variances of effects added to the basic model were all near zero (a2, 0.18; m2, 0.12; r-am, -0.01; p2, 0.06). For number born (NB, n = 37,020) and fleece weight (FW, n = 36,197), animal permanent environmental effects were added to the model (ap2; n = 9,871 and 9,760) and r-am was dropped. For these traits, effects not in the basic model had small variances. Nonzero estimates with full model were a2, 0.10; ap2, 0.01; dy2, 0.02; and sc2, 0.01 for NB, and a2, 0.54; m2, 0.02; ap2, 0.02; dy2, 0.04; and sc2, 0.02 for FW. Cytoplasmic effects were not important. The addition of unusual random effects to the model did not change estimates for the basic parameters. Although some of these effects were significant, especially for BW, the effects on genetic evaluations are likely to be small.
Value Denominator: The Fundamentals of Costing for Orthopaedic Surgeons

In any discipline, improving quality and efficiency of services acts as a unifying goal. In health care, the goal of achieving high-value care is the new doctrine for all individual entities: payors, providers, and patients. Value is defined as the ratio of outcomes to costs incurred. Therefore, a strong understanding and interpretation of cost measures is crucial to accurately deriving health care value. Health care costing is not simply limited to the costs of implants or the procedure but the costs required to deliver treatment throughout the episode of care. Consequently, physicians serve a keystone role toward driving change in health care costs and initiate high-value care practices. However, physicians require a better understanding of health care costs and institutional accounting practices. To this effort, it is critical that health care providers begin to close the knowledge gap around health care costing and provide leadership when advocating for high-value patient care. This review is purposed to provide a basic review of fundamental components for health care economics, deciphering health care costing, and preview current strategies that prioritize high-value patient care.
Clevidipine use after first-line treatment failure for perioperative hypertension in neurosurgical patients: A single-center experience

Perioperative hypertension is a common occurrence in the neurosurgical population, where 60% to 90% of the patients require treatment for blood pressure (BP) control. Nicardipine and clevidipine have been commonly used in neurocritical settings. This retrospective, observational study assessed the effectivity of the administration of clevidipine after nicardipine treatment failure in neurosurgical patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of adult patients who were admitted to our neurosurgical department and received clevidipine after nicardipine treatment failure for the control of BP. The primary effectivity outcome was the comparison of the percentage of time spent at targeted SBP goals during nicardipine and clevidipine administration, respectively. A total of 12 adult patients treated with clevidipine after nicardipine treatment failure and were included for data analysis. The median number of events that required dose-titration was 20.5 vs 17 during the administration of nicardipine and clevidipine, respectively (P = .534). The median percentage of time spent at targeted SBP goal was 76.2% during the administration of nicardipine and 93.4% during the administration of clevidipine (P = .123). Our study suggests that clevidipine could be an alternative effective drug with an acceptable benefit/risk ratio in the neurosurgical population that fails to achieve BP control with nicardipine treatment.
Is my patient too sad to approach their fear? Depression severity and imaginal exposure outcomes for patients with OCD

Abstract Background and objectives There is conflicting research on how comorbid depression impacts the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) with exposure with response prevention. To better understand this relationship, the current study tests theoretical claims that greater depression limits motivation to engage in exposures, restricts habituation, and interferes with adaptive learning. Methods Fifty-one individuals with OCD completed a diagnostic interview and self-report questionnaires assessing depression symptom severity and then participated in a standardized imaginal exposure protocol, in which they repeatedly approached an idiosyncratic fear deemed “moderately anxiety-provoking.” Results Contrary to expectations, linear regression models indicated that depression symptom severity was not independently associated with motivation, subjective or objective within-session habituation or adaptive learning outcomes. However, the perceived likelihood of the best-case scenario occurring as a result of the exposure moderated the relationship between depression severity and motivation to engage in the exposure exercise. Limitations Use of a one-session exposure protocol precludes conclusions regarding how depression is associated with outcomes in a full ERP treatment. Conclusions Depression symptom severity was not independently associated with motivation, habituation, or adaptive learning. The observed non-significant effects suggest that degree of depression, on its own, is not a meaningful indicator of how patients with OCD will fare an exposure intervention.
Outcomes and Mortality Associated with Atrial Arrhythmias Among Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19

INTRODUCTION The impact of atrial arrhythmias on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated outcomes are unclear. We sought to identify prevalence, risk factors and outcomes associated with atrial arrhythmias among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. METHODS An observational cohort study of 1053 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection admitted to a quaternary care hospital and a community hospital was conducted. Data from electrocardiographic and telemetry were collected to identify atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter/tachycardia (AFL). The association between atrial arrhythmias and 30-day mortality was assessed with multivariable analysis. RESULTS Mean age of patients was 62 ± 17 years and 62% were men. Atrial arrhythmias were identified in 166 (15.8%) patients, with AF in 154 (14.6%) patients and AFL in 40 (3.8%) patients. Newly detected atrial arrhythmias occurred in 101 (9.6%) patients. Age, male sex, prior AF, renal disease, and hypoxia on presentation were independently associated with AF/AFL occurrence. Compared with patients without AF/AFL, patients with AF/AFL had significantly higher levels of troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, ferritin and d-dimer. Mortality was significantly higher among patients with AF/AFL (39.2%) compared to patients without (13.4%; p < .001). After adjustment for age and co-morbidities, AF/AFL (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.93; p = .007) and newly detected AF/AFL (adjusted OR: 2.87; p < .001) were independently associated with 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION Atrial arrhythmias are common among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The presence of AF/AFL tracked with markers of inflammation and cardiac injury. Atrial arrhythmias were independently associated with increased mortality.
Futures Thinking and Library Leadership

No one can predict the future but having a futures thinking framework is an important tool in any leader’s toolbox. Futuring is a systematic process for envisioning plausible outcomes and scenarios...
Dynamic gain adjustments in descending corticofugal outputs from auditory cortex compensate for cochlear nerve synaptic damage

Layer 5 (L5) cortical projection neurons innervate far-ranging brain areas to coordinate integrative sensory processing and adaptive behaviors. Here, we characterize a compensatory plasticity in L5 auditory cortex (ACtx) projection neurons with axons that innervate the inferior colliculus (IC), thalamus, lateral amygdala and striatum. We used widefield calcium imaging to monitor daily changes in sound processing from the dense plexus of corticocollicular (CCol) axon terminals in awake adult mice. CCol sound level growth functions were stable in control conditions but showed bi-phasic gain changes following damage to cochlear afferent synapses. Auditory nerve and CCol growth functions were sharply reduced hours after cochlear synaptopathy, but CCol response gain rebounded above baseline levels by the following day and remained elevated for 2 weeks despite a persistent reduction in auditory nerve input. Sustained potentiation of excitatory ACtx projection neurons that innervate multiple limbic and subcortical auditory centers may underlie hyperexcitability and aberrant functional coupling of distributed brain networks in tinnitus.
Snapshot gigapixel-scale imaging at high resolution using a micro-camera array microscope

We present a novel approach, based on the use of an array of cameras with custom optics, which can capture snapshot stereoscopic gigapixel images across 1cm2 area at 1-micrometer half-pitch resolution. Our system uses a large space-bandwidth product objective lens to form an intermediate image, which is captured by 96 micro-cameras arranged in a flat array. Each camera records a 10-megapixel image from a unique section of the sample, which are then stitched to produce the final composite. Our system is well suited for applications in digital pathology and in vitro cell-cultures imaging.
The Anxiety of the Pandemic: Binge-watching, Splurging, Sexting, Hooking Up, and Masturbating among College Students

The global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly altered the lives of college students across the United States. Following the outbreak of COVID-19 in the spring of 2020, college campuses were shuttered, classes moved to remote instruction, and university activities, celebrations, and events were canceled. Cast against a backdrop of uncertainty about the future, studies have documented that the pandemic has significantly increased anxiety among college students as they adjust to a “new normal.” Drawing from general strain theory, we examine the influence of specific COVID-19-related strains on a variety of changes in student behavior including binge-watching streaming services, splurging on online shipping, sexting, “hooking up” with random people, and masturbating. Results using structural equation models on data from 1,287 students at a Midwestern university show that specific sources of strain directly are related to binge-watching, online shopping, hooking up with random people, and masturbating, while anxiety was directly related to increased binge-watching, online shopping, and sexting. Anxiety mediated the pathways between some sources of strain and binge-watching and splurging on online shopping. Overall, findings highlight that the global pandemic not only induces anxiety and interrupts academic life but also carries far-reaching consequences for a wide range of behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Deviant Behavior is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping of quantitative and qualitative traits in soybean

15 INTRODUCnON 17 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2 0 Linkage Mapping 2 0 QTL Mapping 2 1 RESULTS 25 DISCUSSION 3 9 REFERENCES 45 SECTION n: MAPPING OF PHYTOPHTHORA 4 9 RESISTANCE LOCI IN SOYBEAN WITH RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM MARKERS
The Politics of Vertical Integration in Extractive Industries: Business History and Political Economy

The process of vertical integration by multinational corporations in the extractive sector of poor countries is not only an economic process, but also a political one affected by the host country's social and political dynamics, the relationship between host country and home country, and the relationship between the multinational and the home country. This essay argues that some of these complexities cannot be fully captured by the quantitative methodology that currently dominates the social sciences, but rather require a detailed historical case analysis. I illustrate this by studying cases of the banana and the nitrate industries in the 19th and 20th centuries in Latin America.
Spectral (Finite) Volume Method for Conservation Laws on Unstructured Grids III: One Dimensional Systems and Partition Optimization

In this paper, the third in a series, the Spectral Volume (SV) method is extended to one-dimensional systems—the quasi-1D Euler equations. In addition, several new partitions are identified which optimize a certain form of the Lebesgue constant, and the performance of these partitions is assessed with the linear wave equation. A major focus of this paper is to verify that the SV method is capable of achieving high-order accuracy for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. Both steady state and time accurate problems are used to demonstrate the overall capability of the SV method.
Leo Max Davidoff: his formative years and participation in the MacMillan Arctic Expedition

Leo Max Davidoff was one of the outstanding students of Harvey Cushing, who helped create the discipline of modern neurological surgery. In his own right, Dr. Davidoff was a pioneer who made significant contributions both in neurosurgery and neuroradiology. He also helped to found the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University. This paper describes his early life and education, together with his participation in the MacMillan Arctic Expedition of 1925.
Epitope tagging and visualization of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins in yeast.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a method for C- or N-terminal epitope tagging, detection, and initial characterization of nuclear-encoded proteins in mitochondria. The tagging of proteins with epitopes, fluorochromes, or affinity labels is an effective tool to study protein localization, interaction dynamics, and function. The chapter also addresses specialized methods employed for visualizing tagged and untagged mitochondrial proteins in yeast by indirect immunofluorescence. A technique has been developed that enables single-step tagging of chromosomal genes at their 5' or 3' ends by homologous recombination in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This method is versatile as various tags, including multiple copies of HA, Myc, or glutathione S -transferase (GST) (detectable with commercially available antibodies), can be inserted into a target gene using a single set of primers. As cassette modules carrying the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) and new GFP variants with altered emission spectra are available, this application can be adapted for single and double labeling in living cells. The chapter illustrates an example of a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene product that is tagged with 13-Myc and expressed under its normal promoter.
Literatura y política en la escritura de Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera durante la consolidación del Porfiriato

In this article I analyze a number of chronicles by modernist authorManuel Gutierrez Najera (1859-1895) as a highly ideologized discursive spacein which literature and politics are articulated. I want to prove that GutierrezNajera’s journalistic work is still linked to a romantic political function, prior tothe autonomy of writing, in which the writer puts his pen to the service of formingcitizens. In this case, the modernist chronicle (which function and form isvery close to the romantic essay) serves as a disciplinary device, no longer legitimatedby the process of nation construction, but authorized by the process ofend-of-century modernization and the consolidation of the State, thereby continuingthe eDort of forming citizenships according to the modernizing projectof the Mexico of that era.
Mindless Decision Making and Environmental Issues: Gestalt/Feature-Intensive Processing and Contextual Reasoning in Environmental Decisions

In the absence of relevant information in working memory during decision consideration, respondents tend to rely on a style of cognitive processing that may result in premature or inaccurate decision making (M. J. Sharps, 2003). M. J. Sharps and S. S. Martin (2002) demonstrated this effect in executive decision making. In the present study, the authors extended these methods to decisions about environmental issues. Respondents rated decisions about issues such as overpopulation, energy policy, and food production in the presence or absence of simple pertinent information. The presence of such information in the immediate context of environmental decisions, and therefore in working memory, significantly improved respondents' ability to understand negative decision consequences. These results demonstrate the importance of contextual information in environmental decision making.
The Influence of Short-Chain Alcohols on Interfacial Tension, Mechanical Properties, Area/Molecule, and Permeability of Fluid Lipid Bilayers

We used micropipette aspiration to directly measure the area compressibility modulus, bending modulus, lysis tension, lysis strain, and area expansion of fluid phase 1-stearoyl, 2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (SOPC) lipid bilayers exposed to aqueous solutions of short-chain alcohols at alcohol concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 9.8 M. The order of effectiveness in decreasing mechanical properties and increasing area per molecule was butanol>propanol>ethanol>methanol, although the lysis strain was invariant to alcohol chain-length. Quantitatively, the trend in area compressibility modulus follows Traube's rule of interfacial tension reduction, i.e., for each additional alcohol CH(2) group, the concentration required to reach the same area compressibility modulus was reduced roughly by a factor of 3. We convert our area compressibility data into interfacial tension values to: confirm that Traube's rule is followed for bilayers; show that alcohols decrease the interfacial tension of bilayer-water interfaces less effectively than oil-water interfaces; determine the partition coefficients and standard Gibbs adsorption energy per CH(2) group for adsorption of alcohol into the lipid headgroup region; and predict the increase in area per headgroup as well as the critical radius and line tension of a membrane pore for each concentration and chain-length of alcohol. The area expansion predictions were confirmed by direct measurements of the area expansion of vesicles exposed to flowing alcohol solutions. These measurements were fitted to a membrane kinetic model to find membrane permeability coefficients of short-chain alcohols. Taken together, the evidence presented here supports a view that alcohol partitioning into the bilayer headgroup region, with enhanced partitioning as the chain-length of the alcohol increases, results in chain-length-dependent interfacial tension reduction with concomitant chain-length-dependent reduction in mechanical moduli and membrane thickness.
The Dislocation of Agency in Don DeLillo's Libra

Don DeLillo offers Libra as a consolation for the problem of attaining historical certainty, but despite giving fictive order to the confusions of history, he complicates attempts to explain events, such as John F. Kennedy's assassination, by displacing individual agency onto outside forces. Rejecting caricatures of these forces by paranoia, conspiracy, and astrology, he allows characters to make choices. Yet independent actions, seemingly originating from characters, emerge as products of a system, while design emerges out of and despite individuals' intentions. Although system and chaos theories help explain the convergence of randomness and determinism, the global subsumes the individual. Furthermore, Oswald's unstable identity is performative, and he acts for a shifting audience that dictates each new performance.
Bond Insurance and Liquidity Provision: Impacts in the Municipal Variable Rate Debt Market, 2008-09:

This article explores the effects of credit enhancement, and downgrades to credit enhancement providers, on the costs to municipal issuers for holding variable rate debt during the 2008—09 market crisis. Although municipal issuers were potentially subject to pressure on their debt issues due to credit contraction, the extent of the problem has not been well researched, especially regarding credit enhancement. This study empirically investigates whether liquidity providers affect the cost of municipal variable rate debt and whether the impact is affected by credit downgrades of liquidity providers. Several important contributions are made. First, this research emphasizes the role of liquidity provision as a form of credit enhancement. Second, the value of liquidity provision is examined in the environment of credit downgrades to liquidity providers. Third, the research tests capital market efficiency using variable, as opposed to fixed rate debt, which allows for the identification of liquidity risk and de...
An evolutionary approach to incorporating intradepartmental flow into facilities design

Abstract Minimizing material transportation is an important design object for many facilities. In traditional facility design, departments and work centers have been located based on interdepartmental flow patterns. We introduce a methodology that extends the planning process to also consider intradepartmental flow patterns. A math programming approach is developed that uses an objective function and constraints that specifically addresses both the intradepartmental and the interdepartmental material flows together. The math programming approach can be used to solve small problems but it is difficult to scale this method to problems with realistic sizes. Therefore, we devise an evolutionary optimization methodology for this same problem. The evolutionary method can readily solve both large and small problems. The effectiveness of the evolutionary approach is demonstrated on a suite of test problems.