cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uptake and usage of IntelliCare: A publicly available suite of mental health and well-being apps

Abstract Background Treatments for depression and anxiety have several behavioral and psychological targets and rely on varied strategies. Digital mental health treatments often employ feature-rich approaches addressing several targets and strategies. These treatments, often optimized for desktop computer use, are at odds with the ways people use smartphone applications. Smartphone use tends to focus on singular functions with easy navigation to desired tools. The IntelliCare suite of apps was developed to address the discrepancy between need for diverse behavioral strategies and constraints imposed by typical app use. Each app focuses on one strategy for a limited subset of clinical aims all pertinent to depression and anxiety. This study presents the uptake and usage of apps from the IntelliCare suite following an open deployment on a large app marketplace. Methods Thirteen lightweight apps, including 12 interactive apps and one Hub app that coordinates use across those interactive apps, were developed and made free to download on the Google Play store. De-identified app usage data from the first year of IntelliCare suite deployment were analyzed for this study. Results In the first year of public availability, 5210 individuals downloaded one or more of the IntelliCare apps, for a total of 10,131 downloads. Nearly a third of these individuals (31.8%) downloaded more than one of these apps. The modal number of launches for each of the apps was 1, however the mean number of app launches per app ranged from 3.10 to 16.98, reflecting considerable variability in the use of each app. Conclusions The use rate of the IntelliCare suite of apps is higher than public deployments of other comparable digital resources. Our findings suggest that people will use multiple apps and provides support for the concept of app suites as a useful strategy for providing diverse behavioral strategies.
Structure and Dynamics of the LPS Insertase LptD/E in a Realistic Outer-Membrane Model

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) provide the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria with a strong protective barrier. The periplasm-spanning Lpt machinery is responsible for the transport of LPS molecules across the periplasm, culminating in insertion by the outer-membrane proteins LptD/E. Recently, the first crystal structures for the LptD/E complex were released, revealing an unprecedented 26-strand β-barrel with an N-terminal “jelly roll” domain, and LptE as the plug domain for LptD. Here we report the release of three new crystal structures of the LptD/E complex from Yersinia pestis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as structural and functional insights generated from mutagenesis assays combined with over 10 microseconds of equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate a critical role played by Pro231 and Pro246 in the function of the LptD lateral gate, and perform a comparison of dynamics in DMPE and LPS bilayers. The simulations reveal bilayer-dependent differences in the fluctuation and secondary structure formation in the extracellular loops, as well as a significant conformational change in L4 which may be required to allow the passage of the LPS oligosaccharide region.
Dinohyus aff. D. hollandi (Mammalia, Entelodontidae) in Alabama

In 1968, R. H. Kilpatrick of Milton, Florida, discovered three large entelodont teeth in the bed of the Conecuh River in Alabama. Frank C. Whitmore, Jr. of the U.S. Geological Survey identified the specimens, visited the fossil locality, and began a study of this unique find. Two decades later, Whitmore realized that devotion to his true research interest, the study of fossil cetaceans, would not allow him time to complete the study of the entelodont remains. He generously passed the specimens on to the writer to finish the project for which he had laid the groundwork.
Benchmark description of a stylized three-dimensional European Pressurized Reactor (EPR) problem

Abstract This paper describes a whole-core, three-dimensional, code-to-code benchmark problem based on the European Pressurized Reactor (EPR) developed by AREVA NP. The core specifications were taken directly from the Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) submitted to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the reactor core was modeled in a stylized manner while maintaining full heterogeneity at the pin and assembly level. Three different fresh core control rod configurations are presented in this paper – All Rods Out (ARO), Some Rods In (SRI), and All Rods In (ARI). Detailed Monte Carlo results are presented and include core eigenvalues, pin fission densities, and assembly averaged fission distributions. The benchmark results together with the provided macroscopic cross section libraries are useful for testing the numerical accuracy of transport solution methods for criticality analysis. The benchmark description includes the material atom densities and other relevant parameters for cross section studies.
Abstract 1557: Metastasis suppressors regulate the tumor microenvironment by blocking recruitment of prometastatic TAMs

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have the highest risk of recurrence and metastasis. Because they cannot be treated with targeted therapies, and many do not respond to chemotherapy, they represent a clinically underserved group. While physiological inhibitors of metastasis (metastasis suppressors) play key roles in regulating tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, their role in regulating the tumor microenvironment and immune system is unknown. We hypothesized that the metastasis suppressor Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP) regulates stromal cells, which then affect tumor invasiveness. Using species-specific RNAseq we determined that expression of RKIP in tumors markedly reduces the number and metastatic potential of infiltrating TAMs. While TAMs isolated from TNBC xenografts drive in vitro invasion, RKIP+ derived TAMs did not drive invasion and had decreased secretion of pro-metastatic factors including SLPI, OPN, MMP-12, Galectin-3, VEGF-A, VEGF-D, TNFR2, and PGRN. We determined that RKIP regulates TAM recruitment by blocking HMGA2, which activates CCL5 expression. CCL5 rescued pro-metastatic TAM infiltration as well as tumor intravasation. We additionally showed that factors decreased in RKIP-derived TAMs were restored in CCL5-derived TAMs. CCL5 derived TAMs were also able to promote metastasis when co-injected with MDA-MB-231 tumors. These tumor cells demonstrated permanent increases in both growth and invasive potential after co-injection with highly pro-metastatic CCL5 derived TAMs. To determine the clinical utility of these TAM genes we combined their expression with RKIP signaling in the tumor to create a signature that strikingly separates TNBC patients based on outcome. Our results demonstrate for the first time that metastasis suppressors can regulate the microenvironment, regulating invasion through TAMs. Our results also suggest aggressive triple negative breast cancers could be controlled by attacking CCL5 derived TAMs crucial for promoting metastasis. Funded by: GM087630, CA184494, and CA192780 Citation Format: Daniel C. Rabe, Casey Frankenberger, Russell Bainer, Devipriya Sankarasharma, Kiran Chada, Thomas Krausz, Yoav Gilad, Lev Becker, Marsha R. Rosner. Metastasis suppressors regulate the tumor microenvironment by blocking recruitment of prometastatic TAMs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1557.
Bioenergetic and Metabolic Process Patterns in Anoxyphototrophs

During the past decade, genetic and molecular biological approaches have given us a much better understanding of how photopigment synthesis is regulated in photosynthetic bacteria, but there still is a large gap in our knowledge of the mechanisms that integrate photophosphorylation and reducing power generation with the overall biosynthesis of cell material.
Inositol Treatment and ART Outcomes in Women with PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5–10% of women in reproductive age and is characterized by oligo/amenorrhea, androgen excess, insulin resistance, and typical polycystic ovarian morphology. It is the most common cause of infertility secondary to ovulatory dysfunction. The underlying etiology is still unknown but is believed to be multifactorial. Insulin-sensitizing compounds such as inositol, a B-complex vitamin, and its stereoisomers (myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol) have been studied as an effective treatment of PCOS. Administration of inositol in PCOS has been shown to improve not only the metabolic and hormonal parameters but also ovarian function and the response to assisted-reproductive technology (ART). Accumulating evidence suggests that it is also capable of improving folliculogenesis and embryo quality and increasing the mature oocyte yield following ovarian stimulation for ART in women with PCOS. In the current review, we collate the evidence and summarize our current knowledge on ovarian stimulation and ART outcomes following inositol treatment in women with PCOS undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
Clinical Correlations as a Tool in Basic Science Medical Education

Clinical correlations are tools to assist students in associating basic science concepts with a medical application or disease. There are many forms of clinical correlations and many ways to use them in the classroom. Five types of clinical correlations that may be embedded within basic science courses have been identified and described. (1) Correlated examples consist of superficial clinical information or stories accompanying basic science concepts to make the information more interesting and relevant. (2) Interactive learning and demonstrations provide hands-on experiences or the demonstration of a clinical topic. (3) Specialized workshops have an application-based focus, are more specialized than typical laboratory sessions, and range in complexity from basic to advanced. (4) Small-group activities require groups of students, guided by faculty, to solve simple problems that relate basic science information to clinical topics. (5) Course-centered problem solving is a more advanced correlation activity than the others and focuses on recognition and treatment of clinical problems to promote clinical reasoning skills. Diverse teaching activities are used in basic science medical education, and those that include clinical relevance promote interest, communication, and collaboration, enhance knowledge retention, and help develop clinical reasoning skills.
Introducing an Undergraduate Degree of Cosmetic Science and Formulation Design within a College of Pharmacy

As a unique and versatile undergraduate degree program, a Bachelor of Science in Pharmaceutical Sciences (BSPS) is offered by a number of colleges/schools of pharmacy. These provide a bachelor's degree concentrated in pharmaceutical sciences, and can be a non-Doctor of Pharmacy option, possibly before progressing to graduate degree studies. Recently implemented at the University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (UTCPPS), one such BSPS major is Cosmetic Science and Formulation Design. This new undergraduate major was created to serve the needs of the cosmetic and personal care industry, with a great need identified for well-trained new professionals with basic knowledge in the sciences and business. This Cosmetic Science and Formulation Design major was added to four other BSPS majors at UTCPPS. Introduced in 2013, this major is the only functioning undergraduate degree in Cosmetic Science and Formulation Design in the United States. Preliminary job placement data provides promising evidence that this undergraduate major has helped graduates launch a career in the cosmetic and personal care, or pharmaceutical industries. Based on our experience from the past three years, we believe that this cosmetic science major has been worth its resource investment. We hope others designing new undergraduate pharmaceutical sciences programs might integrate advice from this experience into their impending programs. Type: Idea Paper
Efficacy of a Meiosis Learning Module Developed for the Virtual Cell Animation Collection.

This study tests the efficacy of an animation-based learning module for conveying basic conceptual understanding of meiosis in introductory biology. Student achievement on a meiosis assessment was ...
Virtual Role-Play with Rapid Avatars

Digital doppelgangers possess great potential to serve as powerful models for behavioral change. An emerging technology, the Rapid Avatar Capture and Simulation (RACAS), enables low-cost and high-speed scanning of a human user and creation of a digital doppelganger that is a fully animatable virtual 3D model of the user. We designed a virtual role-playing game, DELTA, with digital doppelgangers to influence a human user’s attitude to-wards sexism on college campuses. In this demonstration, we will showcase the RACAS system and the DELTA game.
Teaching Bits: A Resource for Teachers of Statistics

“What It's Worth: Field of Training and Economic Status in 2001”, Camille L. Ryan. Issued September 2005 by the U.S. Census Bureau from the Household Economic Studies. URL: www.census.gov/prod/2005...
Broadband 2-µm emission on silicon chips: monolithically integrated Holmium lasers

Laser sources in the mid-infrared are of great interest due to their wide applications in detection, sensing, communication and medicine. Silicon photonics is a promising technology which enables these laser devices to be fabricated in a standard CMOS foundry, with the advantages of reliability, compactness, low cost and large-scale production. In this paper, we demonstrate a holmium-doped distributed feedback laser monolithically integrated on a silicon photonics platform. The Al2O3:Ho3+ glass is used as gain medium, which provides broadband emission around 2 µm. By varying the distributed feedback grating period and Al2O3:Ho3+ gain layer thickness, we show single mode laser emission at wavelengths ranging from 2.02 to 2.10 µm. Using a 1950 nm pump, we measure a maximum output power of 15 mW, a slope efficiency of 2.3% and a side-mode suppression ratio in excess of 50 dB. The introduction of a scalable monolithic light source emitting at > 2 µm is a significant step for silicon photonic microsystems operating in this highly promising wavelength region.
Planar Computational Phantom for Modeling First-Pass Scintigraphic Measurement of Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction

A simple planar phantom was developed to model imaging of a radioactivity distribution during the first pass of a radioactive bolus through the right heart. We focused on the components required for computation of right ventricular ejection fraction by modeling the right ventricle and the adjacent two chambers, the right atrium and the pulmonary artery. We used spheres to approximate the atrial and ventricular cavities. We used a rigid cylindrical tube to model the pulmonary artery. The phantom models the accumulation of radioactivity in the atrium, passage of activity into the ventricle, and outflow of activity through the pulmonary artery. Fluid flow is modeled through the pulmonary artery, but not through the atrium and ventricle. An application of the phantom is presented—evaluation of nine-point smoothing of first pass images. This application demonstrates use of such filtering results in objective improvement in image quality and underestimation of ventricular ejection fraction compared to truth. This phantom is the first component of an investigational framework for improvement of right-heart first-pass scintigraphy.
Effect of fast pyrolysis biochar on physical and chemical properties of a sandy soil

viii CHAPTER 1: General Introduction 1 Thesis Organization 6 CHAPTER 2: Biochar Potential for Increasing Sandy Soils Water Holding Capacity 7 Abstract 7 7 Introduction 8 Materials and Methods 11 Soil 11 Biochar 12 Incubation 13 Water Partitioning 15 ECEC and Gravimetric Water Content 15 Soil Water Retention Curves 16 Evaporative Demand 18 Bulk Density 18 Statistical Analysis 18 Results and Discussion 20
Stochastic Petri Nets: Modelling, Stability, Simulation

Written by a leading researcher this book presents an introduction to Stochastic Petri Nets covering the modeling power of the proposed SPN model, the stability conditions and the simulation methods. Its unique and well-written approach provides a timely and important addition to the literature. Appeals to a wide range of researchers in engineering, computer science, mathematics and OR.
Ultrathin Flexible Devices Enabled by Solution-Processed Quantum Dots

Solution-processed quantum dots possess high optical quality and fabrication flexibility. In this talk, we discuss our work on ultrathin flexible devices enabled by quantum dot-embedded nanocellulose. We also present our recent work on perovskite quantum dots and various optoelectronic devices consist of the material.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Obesity Treatment

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, is strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Significant weight loss can improve NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Diet and exercise that result in a sustained body weight reduction of 7–10% can improve liver fat content, NASH, and fibrosis. Vitamin E can be considered in patients with biopsy-proven NASH without diabetes, though caution must be used in those with prostate cancer. Pioglitazone improves liver histology, including fibrosis, and can be considered in patients with or without diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) antagonists may be beneficial in NASH, but more studies are needed before they can be recommended. Bariatric surgery, with resultant weight loss, can result in improvement in liver fat and inflammation. NAFLD treatment includes diet and exercise with a target 7–10% weight reduction. Treatment goals include improvements in liver fat content, liver inflammation, and fibrosis.
Tariff evasion in global trade data

ABSTRACTWe find evidence of pervasive tariff evasion in the global data on trade from 1988 to 2015. Using over 35 million observations of data on import and export flows at the HS6 product category...
Alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease and underrecognition of accompanying delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions

Background Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) often require red blood cell (RBC) transfusions but alloimmunization remains a significant complication. Alloantibodies can lead to delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTRs) days to weeks after a RBC transfusion, but may be underrecognized in patients with chronic hemolysis. Study design and methods This retrospective study aimed to determine the incidence and severity of DHTRs associated with new antibody detection in a cohort of 624 patients with SCD who received transfusion with C-, E-, and K-matched RBCs from primarily African American donors over a 14-year period. We identified potential DHTRs by the change in hemoglobin (Hb) and %HbS at baseline, before transfusion, and up to 30 days after the transfusion that preceded new antibody identification. Results Laboratory evidence of a DHTR was associated with 54 of 178 evaluable antibodies at first detection (30%), among which less than half were recognized by the patient or provider at the time of the event. A DHTR was associated with 26% of Rh antibodies identified in patients receiving serologic Rh-matched RBCs, and 38% of non-Rh antibodies. Twenty-one of the 54 DHTRs (39%) were associated with a Hb decline greater than 1 g/dL lower than pretransfusion values. Among these 21 severe DHTRs, Rh specificities were identified in 10 of 12 DHTRs in chronically transfused patients, while non-Rh specificities were associated with seven of nine DHTRs in episodically transfused patients. Conclusion High clinical suspicion and monitoring for DHTRs is warranted, as they may be more common in patients with SCD than previously appreciated.
Tying the partnership knot: making it a win for both practice and associate.

A sense of fair play and a carefully drawn buy-sell agreement can make the addition of a partnership-track associate a success for everyone involved.
The Research of 220kV Transformer Optimization Design Based on Finite Element Analysis Method

Based on a 220 kV transformer as the research object, using the finite element modal analysis, the transformer winding natural frequency and the relationship between the axial pre-tightening force, and to determine transformer winding the optimal value of pretesting force in the process of production. Results show that the change of the transformer winding axial pre-tightening force has more obvious effect on natural frequencies and natural frequency of the winding with reduced with the decrease of the pretesting force. With the loss of the pre-tightening force, loose structure, natural frequency gradually to 100 Hz. Therefore, to determine the optimal transformer winding to avoid retightening transformer resonance occurred during actual operation target.
Autonomous Navigation for Drone Swarms in GPS-Denied Environments Using Structured Learning

Drone swarms are becoming a new tool for many tasks including surveillance, search, rescue, construction, and defense related activities. As their usage increases, so does the possibility of adversarial attacks on their contribution to these use cases. One possible avenue, whether deliberate or not, is to deny access to the position feedback offered by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Operating in these ‘GPS denied’ environments poses a new challenge; both in navigation, and in collision avoidance. This study proposes two novel concepts; a structural model of environmental deviance to aid in autonomous navigation, and a method to use the output of said model to implement a collision avoidance system. Both of these concepts are developed and tested in the framework of a simulated environment that mimics a GPS-denied scenario. Using data from hundreds of simulated swarm flights, this work shows structured learning can improve navigational accuracy without the need for externally provided position feedback.
Economic Analysis Across the Cancer Continuum: A Case Study of Colorectal Cancer

Disease-specific, population-based data on resource utilization and economic expenditures are often sought as inputs into estimates of disease burden and health sector productivity, as well as cost-effectiveness studies. Conventional national and regional macro-economic accounting systems in the U.S. are generally not well designed for acquisition of these data. The U.S. National Cancer Institute has sponsored a number of national survey and cancer registry-based data linkage efforts in an effort to obtain economic data across the "cancer continuum," from screening to treatment. These resources include: - the NCI Patterns of Care/Quality of Care program which conducts enhanced data collection within the NCI cancer registry system (SEER - the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program) in order to obtain timely and detailed data on trends, patterns and determinants of radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy as well as the use of emerging technologies such as genomics-based prognostic tests. - the SEER-Medicare linked database, which links individual level patient data from SEER on date of cancer diagnosis, clinical stage at diagnosis, survival and cause of death, to data from the U.S. Medicare program on medical procedures, services and payments covered by the Medicare program. - the NCI Healthcare Provider Survey program, which conducts periodic nationally representative surveys of individual healthcare providers and health plans on knowledge, attitudes, practices and policies related to the provision of cancer related healthcare services. Using colorectal cancer as a case study, this session highlights the kinds of policy-relevant research that can be accomplished using these data resources. The studies presented cut across the "cancer continuum" from screening to treatment, from the macroeconomic to the microeconomic perspective, and include economic/behavioral as well as descriptive studies. The first paper presents a macroeconomic projection of the national economic burden associated with colorectal cancer treatment through the year 2020. The second paper presents a microeconomic description of trends in the overall cost and components of the cost of colorectal cancer treatments for the years 1991 - 2002. The third paper reports results of a national survey of U.S. health plans in regard to financial incentives that either promote or deter the use of colorectal cancer screening services. The fourth paper reports on the relationship between health insurance status and race-ethnicity in determining whether colorectal cancer patients receive treatment according to clinical guidelines.
Heat transfer coefficients of additively manufactured tubes with internal pin fins for supercritical carbon dioxide cycle recuperators

Abstract This paper describes the measurement of convective heat transfer coefficients and friction factors for sCO2 flowing in additively manufactured tubes with internal pin fins at the US DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory in Morgantown, WV. The measurement procedures were validated by conducting benchmark tests with smooth stainless-steel tube and comparing the results with published correlations for Nusselt number ( Nu ) and friction factor. Over Reynolds numbers (ReD) ranging from 5 × 104 to 2.5 × 105, measured Nu was within 5% of the Dittus-Boelter correlation and measured friction factors were within 5% of the McAdams correlation for smooth tube flow. The candidate pin fin patterned pipes were additively manufactured (AM) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The pins were circular or elliptical in cross-section and were printed at a 30° angle relative to the inner wall (to meet AM constraints). The pin arrangement was helical to promote enhanced heat transfer due to swirl flow. Pin length to diameter aspect ratio was 1.33, 2, and 8, while the pin diameter to tube diameter ratio was 0.188, 0.125, and 0.063. Tests were performed for ReD varying from 6.9 × 104 to 2.2 × 105 and at conditions equivalent to the low pressure (LP) outlet (8.69 MPa, 361 K) and the high pressure (HP) inlet (20.7 MPa, 350 K) of the low temperature recuperator (LTR) in an indirect sCO2 cycle. The Wilson plot technique was utilized to measure the bulk heat transfer coefficients. For the best performing design (tube A, pin length to tube diameter ratio: 1.33, pin diameter to tube diameter ratio: 0.19), the local heat transfer coefficient increased by 136% relative to the Dittus-Boelter correlation at the LTR low pressure outlet and 194% at the LTR high pressure inlet. These correspond to a 282% and a 271% increase in the product of the heat transfer coefficient and surface area (adjusted for fin efficiency) product, respectively. Large pressure drops across the test articles were observed. For Tube Design A, the average friction factor, across the range of ReD considered, was significantly larger than the McAdams correlation at both the LTR LP outlet and the LTR HP inlet. A thermal performance factor was utilized to express the ratio of material required to build a finned heat exchanger relative to a finless heat exchanger with the same heat duty and pumping power. Tube Design A was estimated to decrease the required heat exchanger material by 13%.
The dynamics of the adoption of product and process innovations in organizations

While many researchers have fruitfully explored the patterns of adoption of product and process innovations across industries, few have studied these same patterns within individual firms. In this study we address this issue, examining the dynamics that govern the adoption of product and process innovations at the firm level over time. We examine questions such as: Which type of innovation is more readily adopted? Does the adoption of one type of innovation lead or lag the adoption of the other type? And, would the pattern of adoption of innovation types have an effect on organizational performance? Using data on the innovations introduced between 1982 and 1993 by a sample of 101 commercial banks in the United States, we find that: (1) product innovations are adopted at a greater rate and speed than process innovations; (2) a product–process pattern of adoption is more likely than a process–product pattern; (3) the adoption of product innovations is positively associated with the adoption of process innovations; and (4) high-performance banks adopt product and process innovations more evenly than low-performance banks.
Impact of Faculty and Programmatic Resources on the Proportion of Academic Doctoral Degrees in Professional Physical Therapist Education Programs

Objective The Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education has introduced a requirement that 50% of core faculty members in a physical therapist education program should have an academic doctoral degree, which many programs are not currently meeting. Competition between programs for prestige and resources may explain the discrepancy of academic achievement among faculty despite accreditation standards. The purpose of this study was to identify faculty and program characteristics that are predictive of programs having a higher percentage of faculty with academic doctoral degrees. Methods Yearly accreditation data from 231 programs for a 10-year period were used in a fixed-effects panel analysis. Results For a 1 percentage point increase in the number of core faculty members, a program could expect a decline in academic doctoral degrees by 14% with all other variables held constant. For a 1% increase in either reported total cost or expenses per student, a program could expect a 7% decline in academic doctoral degrees with all other variables held constant. Programs that have been accredited for a longer period of time could expect to have proportionately more faculty members with academic doctoral degrees. Conclusions Programs may be increasing their core faculty size to allow faculty with academic doctoral degrees to focus on scholarly productivity. The percentage of faculty with academic doctoral degrees declines as programs increase tuition and expenditures, but this may be due to programs' tendency to stratify individuals (including part-time core faculty) into teaching- and research-focused efforts to maximize their research prowess and status. Impact This study illuminates existing relationships between physical therapist faculty staffing, time spent in research versus teaching, and program finances. The results of this study should be used to inform higher education policy initiatives aimed to lower competitive pressures and the costs of professional education.
Statin use and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: an incident user cohort study

BACKGROUND: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have higher rates of mortality attributed to the inflammatory nature and the associated burden of cardiovascular complications. Previous research indicates that treatment with statin therapy may play a role in reducing the mortality rate of RA patients, but similar evidence in U.S. patients is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between statin use and overall mortality among RA patients in the United States. METHODS: A population-based study of RA patients with incident statin use was conducted. Patients aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of RA between January 2007 and December 2015 were included and reviewed for the use of statin medication. Time stratified propensity score matching was used to adequately balance the comparison groups. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association. RESULTS: 19,614 people fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the study out of which 2,089 were statin users. There were 1,883 statin users that were matched to 1,883 statin nonusers. Baseline characteristics were well balanced across the 2 groups after matching. The hazards ratio for all-cause mortality in patients with RA for statin users was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.56-0.91; P = 0.008) compared with statin nonusers. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with no use of statins, current statin use is associated with 28% lower risk of mortality in RA patients. Decision makers and providers should consider and support integration of these results into the current clinical guidelines for delivering quality health care to RA patients. DISCLOSURES: No outside funding supported this study. The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The authors have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or nonfinancial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
Pulmonary vasculitis

The pulmonary vasculitides are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by inflammation and sometimes destruction of blood vessels. Most occur as part of a disseminated process, but some are confined to lung. While an etiologic classification is preferable, one approach is to consider these diseases in order of frequency of lung involvement. The pathogenesis of pulmonary vasculitis is not known, but current data suggest that acute vasculitic syndromes are caused by immune-complex deposition and activation of the complement cascade. The chronic and granulomatous vasculitic syndromes may be associated with alterations in cellular-mediated immunity. A brief overview of the major vasculitic syndromes and their management is presented.
Bringing balance to the force: public listening in civic education

This article calls for an emphasis on public listening within civic education as a means of confronting and reversing negative trends in American public discourse. After providing a working definit...
A Kalman filtering approach to particle track filtering and track uncertainty quantification for 3D PTV measurement

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry (3D-PTV) is a non-invasive flow measurement technique that computes the velocity field by reconstructing 3D particle positions of individual tracer particles and by subsequently tracking those positions. The particle velocity measurement accuracy depends on the faithful reconstruction of 3D particle positions. The complex measurement chain in 3D-PTV involves several steps, from calibration to 3D position reconstruction and particle position tracking, each having its own source of error. Additionally, higher seeding density increases the uncertainty in particle reconstruction and tracking, which in turn, increases the noise in the estimated tracks. A noisy track decreases the measurement accuracy and amplifies any noise in the PTV-derived quantities of interest, which includes acceleration, pressure and vorticity. Thus, track filtering techniques are critical in a 3D-PTV measurement. Track fitting using polynomial functions, filtering methods adopted from signal processing and object tracking are among the well-established techniques used to achieve smooth position, velocity estimates from reconstructed particle trajectories. The Kalman filter is one such filtering technique that is widely used in various applications. The strength of the Kalman filter lies in its ability to perform noise reduction that is informed by existing physical models and the uncertainty estimates of recorded measurements. However, the measurement uncertainty input to the Kalman filter needs to be known at priori, which in many cases may not be available or could be difficult to estimate. In the literature on Kalman filters and their variants applied to 2D-PIV/PTV, the position uncertainty data fed to the filter is either user-defined or estimated based on global noise levels in the PTV measurements. But instantaneous position and velocity uncertainty quantification for individual particle positions/tracks has been challenging in the 3D PTV community. Recent work by Bhattacharya and Vlachos (2020) provides an estimate of the uncertainty in the reconstructed particle positions for a 3D PTV measurement. This position uncertainty estimate dynamically updates the filter gain for each track and enables the evaluation of the performance of the Kalman filter in 3D PTV track filtering.
Open questions as to what a Large vacuum energy implies for graviton production in a relic setting, i.e. a Toy Model to Consider

If we have a non infinite but huge negative value of the cosmological vacuum energy in the wormhole, then we have 1010 bits of computing information. When we leave the wormhole, we have 10120 bits of computing information We specify a transition between the two regions in terms of a causal discontinuity regime created by a(t) chaotic behavior due initially to the initially very large value of thermal vacuum energy transmitted. Note that this is a toy model to account for thermal transfer of energy from a prior to a present universe perhaps enabling graviton production. This is a companion piece to the Octonian gravity document.
Assembling the Puzzle of the Nonprofit-Economic Development Linkage

This study seeks to quantify the impact of the nonprofit sector on economic development by more clearly defining the diverse roles that nonprofits may play in development – instrumental, expressive, and connective. We begin by summarizing existing research on nonprofit organizations and economic development. Using secondary data, we test our model in 360 U.S. metropolitan areas for the years 2001–2006. Do nonprofit organizations produce economic growth? Our statistical findings suggest, “Not really” and “It depends.” While some forms of nonprofit organizations (business associations) are positively related to growth, others such as congregations and social and fraternal associations may have a dampening effect. Overall, our findings suggest complex relationships between individual forms of capital, organizational structures, and development that may be place and time dependent. While our findings currently provide little guidance for policy makers attempting to promote economic development, our findings do have important implications for nonprofit and public policy scholars. Any attempt to explore the relationship between nonprofit activity and development must untangle indicators of individual behavior (church attendance or census return rates) from indicators of organizational structures (such as the number of specific organizations). Second, any effort to understand the impact of the nonprofit sector should disaggregate sector measures based upon a conceptual understanding of the diverse roles of various organizational types (for example, human service organizations versus social and fraternal organizations). Finally, growth and development and the role of the sector are contextual, exhibiting significant regional and temporal variation.
Molecular Basis for Abnormal Parturition in Zinc Deficiency in Rats

Apgar (1968a) was the first to recognize that female rats fed a diet containing 1 μg Zn/g diet throughout gestation experienced difficult and prolonged labor accompanied by excessive bleeding. Placentae were left unconsumed and neonates were abandoned rather than cleaned and nursed. Further studies by Apgar (1968b, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1977a,b) showed that such effects were relatively specific for zinc since they did not appear in restricted-fed rats or in rats fed diets low in protein, thiamine, copper or manganese. Moreover, they observed that the typical syndrome still developed when the low-zinc diet was begun as late as day 18 of gestation and could be prevented by zinc repletion instituted on day 19 in rats offered the low-zinc diet from mating. O’Dell et al., (1977) reported that zinc-deficient dams also exhibited a significant decrease in body temperature (38.3° vs 36.9° C), hypotension (115 vs 90 mm Hg) and delayed, as well as prolonged, parturition. Others have reported toxic effects during late pregnancy in rats fed diets containing a high content of phytate, a substance well known to bind zinc and make it unavailable for absorption (Eklund, 1973; McLaughlan et al., 1975; Anderson et al., 1976). During the course of studies in our laboratory in 1977 on the effect of nutrition on lens development, we employed a mineral mix that contained only 3–5 μg Zn/g diet, an amount that we expected to be sufficient. Upon observing the syndrome described above, we became aware of this unique effect of zinc and decided to attempt to determine its molecular basis.
Line and Continuous Spectra of Hydrogen and Helium

In H II regions, planetary nebulae and perhaps radio galaxies, Seyfert galaxies and quasars, the H and He lines are produced by a process of photoionization followed by recombination and cascade. Expressions for calculating the rates of the various atomic processes, recapture and cascade (in this instance) are available. We should be able to calculate the population in each level and find the relative intensities of observable lines in the H and He spectrum. In particular, we should be able to compute the relative intensities of the Balmer lines, the so-called Balmer Decrement.
A Review of “Armed Robbery: Offenders and Their Victims”

In this book, to date his largest volume, Dr. MacDonald gives us another in his series of studies of criminal behavior. He has written on rape and murder as well as indecent exposure and general considerations of psychiatry and the criminal. In all of his books he presents a breadth of material, statistical and clinical, which illustrate his text. This is an ambitious study of the crime of armed robbery from a comprehensive standpoint, including the perpetrator, the victim, aspects of prevention, and motivation. In addition to two specific types of robbery—bank robbery and skyjacking—Dr. MacDonald introduces two chapters by Lt. C. Donald Brannan of the Denver Police Department on the criminal investigation and reporting of armed robbery.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH—PEYRONIE'S DISEASE: Penile Sonographic and Clinical Characteristics in Men with Peyronie's Disease

ABSTRACT Introduction Ultrasonography of the penis is readily available to the urologist and gives good anatomic detail of soft tissue structures. It has not been widely utilized in the assessment of Peyronie's disease (PD). Aims To describe the sonographic characteristics of the penis in PD and the relationship between clinical and sonographic features. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled patients from a single clinical practice. A PD-specific questionnaire was administered and sonographic evaluations were performed. Main Outcome Measures Sonographic characteristics of men with PD. Results Tunical thickening, calcifications, septal fibrosis, and intracavernosal fibrosis, were observed at initial clinical evaluation in 50%, 31%, 20%, and 15% of men, respectively. Men aged 40–49 (OR 2.4, P = 0.02) and men aged 50–59 (OR 2.4, P = 0.004) were more likely to have sub-tunical calcifications relative to men under age 40. Men with septal fibrosis had fewer chronic medical conditions such as diabetes (OR 0.3, P = 0.04), hypertension (OR 0.5, P = 0.03), and coronary artery disease (OR 0.2, P = 0.05), and presented within 1 year of disease onset (OR 2.1, P = 0.001). Men with septal fibrosis were less likely to have lost penile length (OR 0.5, P = 0.04) and more likely to be able to have intercourse (OR 1.9, P = 0.05). Men with intracavernosal fibrosis were less likely to have penile pain (OR 0.5, P = 0.05), but more likely to have penetration difficulty during intercourse (OR 1.9, P = 0.008), an additional penile deformity (OR 1.8, P = 0.02), or rapid onset of disease (OR 1.7, P = 0.04). Tunical thickening was associated with a decreased ability to have intercourse (OR 2.3, P Conclusion PD is a clinically and sonographically heterogeneous condition. Sonography is a safe, low-cost, and rapid means of objectively characterizing lesions in this condition. This may help track the evolution of the condition in individual patients and in the future may be useful for tailoring treatment strategies. Smith JF, Brant WO, Fradet V, Shindel AW, Vittinghoff E, Chi T, Huang YC, Davis CB, Conti S, and Lue TF. Penile sonographic and clinical characteristics in men with Peyronie's disease. J Sex Med 2009;6:2858–2867.
Sterospecific tissue uptake and nuclear accumulation of testosterone in the development of the mouse erythropoietic spleen

A double isotope ratio technique was used to estimate the specific binding of testosterone (T), as opposed to its biologically nonactive stereoisomer, epitestosterone (Epi T). The mouse erythropoietic spleen formed in response to a phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia was used as the target organ. Spleen minces from preanemic mice, as well as those in the early and late phases of erythropoietic spleen development, were incubated with 10(-9) M of 14C-T and 3H-EpiT, and the selective uptake of T was calculated from the 14C/3H ratio measured in the media before and after incubation, as well as in the subcellular fractions of the minces. Preferential uptake of T was seen in the early phase of development, but not in spleens obtained from preanemic animals or those in the late phase. There was no evidence of metabolic conversion of T or EpiT. The selective uptake of T by early phase spleens was reflected in a preferential nuclear accumulation of T. These data represent the first demonstration of a specific binding of T in vitro to a developing erythroid tissue.
Health care and the corridor poor.

There is no denying that health care costs have increased at an alarming rate, partially fueled by the increased demand created by programs such as Medicaid. In 1983, the total Federal and state outlays for Medicaid were $35.6 billion.13 As the 1980s progress, we will see a variety of cost-containment strategies. These will include Medicaid prepaid capitation projects, the initiation of copayments and deductibles, and further tightening of eligibility criteria. However, in our zeal to contain costs, let us not lose sight of or exacerbate the plight of the corridor poor. There are alternatives that will allow us to incorporate the disenfranchised and uninsured during the coming decade. These initiatives may include the following.
Prediction of silicate melt viscosity from electrical conductivity: A model and its geophysical implications

[1] Our knowledge of magma dynamics would be improved if geophysical data could be used to infer rheological constraints in melt-bearing zones. Geophysical images of the Earth's interior provide frozen snapshots of a dynamical system. However, knowledge of a rheological parameter such as viscosity would constrain the time-dependent dynamics of melt bearing zones. We propose a model that relates melt viscosity to electrical conductivity for naturally occurring melt compositions (including H2O) and temperature. Based on laboratory measurements of melt conductivity and viscosity, our model provides a rheological dimension to the interpretation of electromagnetic anomalies caused by melt and partially molten rocks (melt fraction ~ >0.7).
A Wear Life Predication Based on Partial Least Squares under Boundary Lubrication

The wear experimental project on main influencing factor with load, sliding speed, surface hardness and lubrication was instituted by the uniform design, the wear properties were investigated on a MMW-1 friction and wear tester. The predication formula for wear rate was defined. The wear rate predication model was established by the partial least squares based on the test data, the influencing degree on the main influencing factors was analyzed, the results show the influence on wear rate from big to small is in turn load, lubrication, surface hardness and sliding speed. The lubrication property improved is a handy valid path to decrease the wear rate. The check results show that it is a valid method by partial least squares to establish wear predication model based on test data.