cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Stanford Shyness Project

Shyness offers a fascinating realm for psychological study because it reveals many issues central to understanding human nature. The shy person is the prototype of individual vulnerability, not from physical weakness or disability, or impaired mental functioning, but from the very essence of the human condition—the desperate need for acceptance, approval, and affiliation.
Mechanisms of Ash Fouling during Low-Rank Coal Combustion

Four low-rank coals were investigated for fouling severity using bench and pilot combustion testing and microanalytical examination of fouling deposits. The coals contained varying levels of alkali and alkaline-earth elements that are commonly associated with initiating and accelerating ash fouling, including Na, Mg, K, Ca, and Fe. Combustion testing revealed that fouling deposits generated from these coals shared common chemical and physical properties. Four test coals from western U.S. coal fields were selected, including the Beulah and Gascoyne lignites from western North Dakota and the Colstrip subbituminous coal from Montana, and the Utah Wasatch from Utah. All of these coals contained significant levels of Na, Ca, and Mg, with the Beulah lignite containing the highest levels of sodium. Sodium in the Beulah and Gascoyne lignites was very abundant and was organically bound. The Utah Wasatch coal contained significant levels of sodium, but it was bound in the coal as a zeolite silicate termed analcime. Deposits were ranked from low-fouling to severe-fouling based on deposit build-up rate, deposit strength, and liquid-phase viscosity, which was calculated based on the chemistry and the gas temperature near the deposits at the time of quenching. Deposit build-up rates and crushing strengths were the highest for the Beulah and Gascoyne coals, followed by the Utah Wasatch, during both bench- and pilot-scale fouling deposition simulations. The outer layers of the lignite deposits showed well developed captive liquid surfaces and silicate liquid-phase viscosity distributions that were shifted to much lower values compared with the Utah Wasatch and Colstrip deposits. Microanalysis of the deposits using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the gluing material or phase that was responsible for the cementing of the severe-fouling deposits was a low-melting-point sodium—calcium-rich silicate. The Utah Wasatch coal, which also contained sodium did not form as much of the low-melting-point sodium—calcium silicate, partly because the sodium was locked within an existing coal mineral phase and was not able to interact with the silicate material during combustion.
Changes in Tumor Membrane Structure and Immunologic Activity Induced by Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids, abundant in fish oil, are associated with health benefits for diseases including cancer. We are exploring how the incorporation of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 ῶ-3), the most unsaturated fatty acid found in biological systems, into tumor cell plasma membranes alters the tumor cell’s susceptibility to immune attack. Mice were fed diets containing 10.5% fat in various combinations of corn oil, hydrogenated coconut oil, and menhaden (fish) oil, and were inoculated intraperitoneally with a murine leukemia. The tumors that grew were tested for susceptibility to T-cell-mediated lysis and lysis with monoclonal anti-H-2 antibody plus complement, expression of H-2 proteins by radioimmunoassay, and changes in membrane structure. The tumor plasma membranes were analysed for phospholipid class and fatty acid content. Tumor cell sensitivity to cell-mediated lysis correlated positively with DHA content in tumor membranes. In contrast, complement-mediated cytolysis directed by a monoclonal antibody against an epitope on Dd was reduced as a function of dietary fish oil, suggesting, as did radioimmunoassay, a DHA-associated decrease in this epitope’s expression. The expression of other epitopes, however, was increased or unchanged. DHA-rich membranes showed an increased proportion of liquid crystalline domains, but little change in global fluidity. Although a benefit of fish oil diets has not been linked through epidemiological evidence to this type of cancer, our results showed decreased morbidity and reduced tumor growth when the tumor-bearing hosts were fed diets rich in fish oil. We propose that the structural changes in tumor cell membranes induced by dietary DHA alter the expression of membrane proteins targeted by the immune system, and thus may in part be responsible for decreased tumor growth.
Corroborating evidence by exploring sources of bias in observational spinal cord injury studies

Observational studies investigating large real-life datasets are a valuable resource in clinical research. Understanding the imperfect nature of clinical data, statistical approaches factoring in known confounders are instrumental for rigorously addressing bias.1 Our recent work identifying pneumonia and postoperative wound infections (Pn/Wi) as risk markers for impaired long-term functional recovery and survival after spinal cord injury (SCI)2 was considered as a strong statistical analysis.3 However, some unexplored putative confounders in terms of nonrandom loss to follow-up, temporal changes in clinical practice, and exclusion criteria were discussed.3 In order to evaluate and objectivize for the probability of attrition and temporal and selection bias, we apply and discuss an array of analytical tools extending beyond the format of the original publication.2
Trauma-informed services for children with incarcerated parents

Children of incarcerated parents have often experienced not only the trauma of family separation, but also other forms of adverse events. Social workers can improve service delivery to this populat...
Phonotactic knowledge and phonetically unnatural classes: the plain uvular in Cochabamba Quechua

While many phonological patterns target classes of sounds that can be defined phonetically, a large number of patterns in descriptive grammars involve sounds that cannot be easily characterised in phonetic terms. This finding suggests that phonological patterns themselves must be taken into account when learning phonological representations, and that phonological classes may emerge in learning from both phonetic factors (bottom-up) and phonological patterns (top-down). The current work presents a case of a phonetically unnatural class in South Bolivian Quechua that is active in the phonology of the language, and provides experimental support that this class is referred to by speakers’ grammars. While many cases of phonetically unnatural classes have been documented in descriptions of language patterns, in most cases there is little or no evidence that these patterns or classes are represented by speakers as they are described by linguists.
Influence of different preoperative fasting times on women and neonates in cesarean section: a retrospective analysis.

This study was to evaluate the impact of different preoperative fasting conditions on women and neonates through a retrospective analysis. A total of 1599 women were divided into 5 groups according to different preoperative fasting times: group A: solid food ≥8 h; clear fluids ≥6 h; B: solid food ≥8 h; clear fluids ≥2 h 8 h and clear fluids > 2 h at least), the incidence rate of hypoglycemia and acidosis of neonates in group C displayed a certain decrease (P < 0.05). Although shorter fasting times (solid food < 6 h at least) reduced the incidence of hypoglycemia and acidosis in neonates, it increased the risk of vomiting of women. The preoperative fasting of solid food ≥6 h < 8 h and clear fluids < 2 h reduces the incidence of vomiting in women’s anesthesia and the risk of hypoglycemia and acidosis in neonates.
RATIO OF THE FORMATION CROSS SECTIONS OF $sup 44$gSc AND $sup 44$mSc IN NITROGEN-INDUCED REACTIONS

Thick targets of P, ZnS, and Cu${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ were bombarded with 30- to 42-MeV $^{14}\mathrm{N}$ ions, and excitation functions were obtained for the compound-nucleus reactions with $^{31}\mathrm{P}$, $^{32}\mathrm{S}$, and $^{35}\mathrm{Cl}$ producing $^{44m}\mathrm{Sc}$, $^{44g}\mathrm{Sc}$, and $^{43}\mathrm{Sc}$. The reaction products were identified by means of their characteristic gamma rays and half-lives, and quantitatively studied by radioactive assay. The data were combined with some previously obtained at $^{14}\mathrm{N}$ energies below 28 MeV. The isomer ratio $\frac{^{44m}\mathrm{Sc}}{^{44g}\mathrm{Sc}}$ was found to rise with increasing excitation energy and angular momentum for all three targets. The ratios were compared with compound-nucleus theory as treated by Huizenga and Vandenbosch to test assumptions concerning the multipolarity and multiplicity of the gamma quanta emitted by the final nucleus.
Chilli price forecasting using auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA).

Chilli is considered as one of the commercial spice crops. It is the most widely used universal spice, named as wonder spice. Indian chilli is considered to be world famous for two important commercial qualities namely, its colour and pungency levels. India is the world leader in chilli production followed by China, Mexico, Turkey, Indonesia, Spain and United States. Farmer’s decision making on acreage under chilli depends on the future prices to be realized during harvest period (January- March). Hence, this paper presents a methodology to forecast prices during harvest period and applied the method to forecast for the Kharif 2019-20. This price forecast is based on the monthly modal price of chilli obtained for 17 years from Khammam regulated market using econometric models like ARIMA, SARIMA, ARIMAX, ARCH and GARCH and also the market survey.Model parameters were estimated using the SAS 9.3 software. The performance of fitted model was examined by computing various measures of goodness of fit viz., low AIC, BIC and MAPE values. The ARIMA (212) model was the best model for the price forecast of chilli.Chilli price per quintal will be around Rs. 8500 – 9100 at the time of harvesting (January to March 2020).
SPREADING THE WORD: TRACING THE AFFECTIVE ECOLOGY OF DIGITAL ORAL STORIES

This project explores the potential of creating, sharing and listening to oral stories online to open affectively charged spaces for listening across difference. In a world in which we are increasingly able to tailor the technologies that surround us to echo back our own voices and worldviews, we seem less willing to slow down and listen deeply to the voices of those whose presence risk placing our tidy worlds into turmoil. This project explores the affective political potential of both the processes of production and dissemination of the multiplatform oral history project StoryCorps. Drawing together recent work on affect from rhetorical studies, cultural studies and new media studies, this project uses textual analysis to analyze how the various StoryCorps platforms (NPR segments, the podcast, the StoryCorps me app) generate affective archives that invite different forms of interactivity from listeners. This paper explores the affective power of mediated voice to bring minoritized experiences and calls for equity to the ears of broader publics. It is significant because it highlights the boundaries and possibilities of digital storytelling as a way to connect with others across difference. The boundaries remind us of the persistence of structures of marginality that limit the seemingly democratic practices of storytelling in a digital age; the possibilities gesture to the power of minoritized voices to disrupt entrenched narratives. The significance of these stories rests in their claim to be at once particular and generalizable, and the digital format enables their travel in new ways and to new audiences.
An experimental investigation of the impact of rapport on Stroop test performance.

Rapport in the context of neuropsychological testing refers to the level of interpersonal ease between examiner and examinee. However, scant research has examined the impact of rapport on neuropsyc...
522 Metabolic requisites for T cell protein translation in tumors

Background T cells are a secretory immune subset with the capacity to control solid tumors. Protein translation is of paramount importance in CD8 T cells, controlling proliferation, stimulation and lineage fate. Methods Herein, we used both the fluorescent analogue of methionine homopropargylglycine (HPG) incorporation assay and O-propargyl-puromycin (OPP) method which enters the A-site of the ribosome and effectively labels and terminates nascent polypeptide chains to monitor protein synthesis in mouse and human tumors. Moreover, we employed label free quantitative proteomics (LFQ), lipidomics, metabolic analysis, and in vivo animal modeling to elucidate mechanisms of protein translation in antitumor immunity. Results We found that canonical protein synthesis is restricted in endogenous CD8 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Proteomic analysis revealed that gluconeogenesis and B-oxidation of fatty acids (FAO) were upregulated in CD8 T cells under tumor stress but these metabolic sources were unable to support translation in the TME. Further, we discovered that glucose metabolism and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) preferentially hinder protein synthesis in CD8 TILs. These data enabled the discovery that proteasomal protein degradation is the optimal source to fuel protein translation in T cells in the stress of solid tumors. We demonstrate that Rapamycin-primed T cells are preferentially powered by proteasomal proteolysis and are able to sustain protein translation in tumors and control tumor growth. Conclusions Our data establish that canonical protein translation governed by mTORC1 and glucose metabolism is subject to inhibition in the TME and promotion of protein catabolism is a new strategy to support antitumor immunity. Ethics Approval All animal experiments were in accordance with the MUSC Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), protocol # IACUC-2018-00422 and # IACUC-2018-00347
A Case of Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: Finding the Culprit Acetabular Tumor and Successful Resection with a Novel Hip Joint-Preserving Surgery.

Introduction Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic disorder caused by tumors that produce fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) resulting in phosphate wasting and inadequate bone mineralization. Complete resection of the tumor can be curative. However, these tumors are typically difficult to find anatomically due to small size and location. Case Report We present the case of a patient who presented for evaluation of recurrent fractures and hypophosphatemia in the setting of elevated FGF23 suggestive of TIO. 68Gallium-DOTATATE revealed multiple somatostatin avid lesions in several ribs, left acetabulum, sacrum, right tibia, and feet, some of which appeared with fracture on computed tomography scan, initially concerning for metastatic disease. However, the lesion in acetabulum was considered the culprit tumor given its remarkably higher maximum standard uptake values. Complete surgical removal of the FGF23-secreting tumor led to cure of this disease. Conclusion This case report highlights the challenges with functional imaging differentiating fractures from the culprit lesion and reports on a novel surgical technique that allowed for surgical cure while preserving the hip joint.
National Institute on Aging seed funding enables Alzheimer's disease startups to reach key value inflection points.

Introduction The National Institute on Aging (NIA) provides funding to academic researchers and small businesses working in the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and AD-related dementia (ADRD) fields to help commercialize their products. The NIA uses Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) awards to bridge the funding gap in the diagnostic, therapeutic, and care interventions areas, enabling startups to reach key value inflection points to achieve scientific milestones. Methods Only publicly available information is reported. The National Institutes of Health Report Portfolio Online Reporting Tool database and the commercial database Global Data, were used to track the progress of companies that received SBIR or Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) funding from the NIA. Results Since 2008, the NIA has awarded $280 million-including $207 million from fiscal year (FY) 2015 to FY 2019-in new small business program awards for AD/ADRD research. Discussion NIA seed capital and mentoring programs are critical resources to help small businesses reach key value inflection points and advance their research from concept to commercialization.
Implementation of a broader pre-operative antibiotic coverage and chlorhexidine irrigation associated with a lower postoperative surgical site infection

Objectives: Post-operative surgical site infections (SSI) cause major health and economic burden on the patients and the healthcare systems. Multiple risk factors such as obesity and medical comorbidities are known to increase the risk of SSI in gynecologic oncology patients. Commonly used preoperative antibiotic regimens focus on targeting the skin flora as described by the enhanced recovery protocols adopted by many hospitals. We sought to investigate the effect of the addition of metronidazole to the preoperative antibiotic regimen and the intraoperative pelvic irrigation with 0.05 % chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) on the rate of SSI after a minimally invasive surgery in gynecologic oncology. Methods: After IRB approval, we collected data from June 2018 to January 2020 for patients who underwent minimally invasive gynecologic oncology surgery at Marshall University School of Medicine. Implementation of the infection control model (pre-operative Metronidazole + intraoperative CGH pelvic irrigation) started in July 2019. Demographic and medical data, as well as intraoperative and postoperative data, were collected. The rate of SSI was analyzed before and after adoption of the model. Results: A total of 508 patients underwent a minimally invasive gynecologic oncology procedure: 262 before the implementation of the infection control model and 318 afterward. The median age of the patients was 59 years old and the rate of comorbidities was equal between the groups. The rate of SSI before the implementation of the model (Group 1) was 2.29% (6/262) and the rate of SSI afterward (Group 2- post infection control model) was 0.94% (3/318). The most common bacteria isolated from the first group were gram-negative bacilli (Klebsiella and E. Coli) and anaerobes, while Group 2 had a single patient with Klebsiella infection, one Bacteroides species infection, and one MRSA infection. All of these infected patients required pelvic abscess drainage and hospital readmission for intravenous antibiotics, with an average of 2-day hospital stay. Conclusions: The addition of metronidazole to the preoperative antibiotics regimen and the intraoperative pelvic irrigation with 0.05 % CHG appears to decrease the rate of SSI after a minimally invasive gynecologic oncology surgery. This model merits further studying in order to validate these results.
Painful lumps in the axilla

The location of these lesions and the odorous fluid that drained from them pointed to the diagnosis. The acne on the patient's back was another clue.
A Simple Method of Matric Structural Analysis: Part V - Structures Containing Plate Elements of Arbitrary Shape and Thickness

Simple equations are used to treat plate elements. The equations are basic equilibrium and force-displacement equations. The plate elements may be of any shape and have any thickness variation. The stresses in the elements may vary in a complex pattern. There need not be any edge members attached to the plates. All equations are simple to derive and simple in principle. Most equations contain definite integrals. Since in general the shapes and thicknesses of the plate elements are arbitrary, a simple numerical integration scheme is used to evaluate these integrals. Numerous numerical examples are worked out to illustrate the mechanics of the method and the accuracy attainable.
Testing Tribe's Triangle: Juries, Hearsay, and Psychological Distance

Since its inception, evidence policymakers have vacillated with respect to whether the rule barring hearsay evidence at trial is a doctrine designed to promote decisional accuracy or a doctrine designed to promote procedural justice. To the extent that policymakers view the rule barring hearsay evidence as promoting decisional accuracy, the rationale for this view stems from the “testimonial triangle” promulgated by Professor Laurence Tribe, which conceptualizes the objections to hearsay evidence at common law. Tribe’s testimonial triangle states that (1) several infirmities lurk behind all testimony provided in court, and (2) testimony based on hearsay is subject to two sets of infirmities — those of the in-court witness and those of the original declarant. With respect to hearsay evidence, policymakers fear that jurors do not attend appropriately to the infirmities of the original declarant — who is not subject to in-court cross-examination — and will give hearsay evidence undue weight. This Article reports the results of the first empirical examination of the testimonial triangle. The studies reported in this Article suggest that, consistent with behavioral science research on implicit goal activation and psychological distance, jurors are attuned to the testimonial infirmities that lurk beneath hearsay evidence and discount the evidence defensibly. These findings have important implications for the hearsay doctrine, for the contentious debate over juror competency, and for practicing attorneys who make decisions about hearsay evidence at trial. They also provide a theoretical framework for further empirical hearsay research and suggest that policymakers should focus their debate over the hearsay doctrine on the degree to which the doctrine promotes procedural justice, not decisional accuracy.
Allergens of Alternaria

Abstract The aerobiology of molds and their products includes a significant contribution to human atopy. Alternaria allergens are numerous and vary qualitatively and quantitatively in extracts used for allergy diagnosis and immunotherapy. Progress in the isolation and characterization of these allergens is discussed, including a major acid allergen, Alt-1, and a low molecular weight basic allergen. The detection and characterization of human allergens from mycelial and spore extracts, as well as the demonstration of cross-reactivity among different mold species and genera, is also deemed important. A variety of techniques used in allergen research is described.
Accuracy in parameter estimation for ANCOVA and ANOVA contrasts: Sample size planning via narrow confidence intervals

Contrasts of means are often of interest because they describe the effect size among multiple treatments. High-quality inference of population effect sizes can be achieved through narrow confidence intervals (CIs). Given the close relation between CI width and sample size, we propose two methods to plan the sample size for an ANCOVA or ANOVA study, so that a sufficiently narrow CI for the population (standardized or unstandardized) contrast of interest will be obtained. The standard method plans the sample size so that the expected CI width is sufficiently small. Since CI width is a random variable, the expected width being sufficiently small does not guarantee that the width obtained in a particular study will be sufficiently small. An extended procedure ensures with some specified, high degree of assurance (e.g., 90% of the time) that the CI observed in a particular study will be sufficiently narrow. We also discuss the rationale and usefulness of two different ways to standardize an ANCOVA contrast, and compare three types of standardized contrast in the ANCOVA/ANOVA context. All of the methods we propose have been implemented in the freely available MBESS package in R so that they can be easily applied by researchers.
Marginal Effects in Multivariate Probit and Kindred Discrete and Count Outcome Models

Estimation of marginal or partial effects of covariates x on various conditional parameters or functionals is often the main target of applied microeconometric analysis. In the specific context of probit models, estimation of partial effects involving outcome probabilities will often be of interest. Such estimation is straightforward in univariate models, and Greene, 1996, 1998, has extended these results to cover the case of quadrant probability marginal effects in bivariate probit models. The first purpose of this paper is to extend these results to encompass the general !"!# multivariate probit (MVP) context for arbitrary orthant probabilities. It is suggested that such partial effects are broadly useful in situations wherein multivariate outcomes are of concern. The paper derives the general result on orthant probability partial effects, which contains Greene's bivariate result as a special case. These results are then extended to models that condition on subvectors of y, to count data structures that derive from the probability structure of y, to multivariate ordered probit data structures, and to the multinomial probit model whose marginal effects turn out to be a special case of those of the multivariate probit model. Numerical simulations suggest that use of the analytical formulae versus fully numerical
Fracture through the physeal scar of the femoral head in the setting of osteonecrosis in an adult: a case report

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in the skeletally mature patient is rare. We present a rare case of a fracture through the physeal scar of a skeletally mature patient after a trivial injury, with pre-existing osteonecrosis of the femoral neck and metadiaphysis with sparing of the femoral head.
An instructional feedback model for improved learning and mentoring

An instructional feedback model is presented to incorporate such elements as the course objectives, classroom lectures, course materials, and student written responses with the extra instruction obtained during out of class interactions. The value of each phase is described and costs which accompany the benefits of implementing the model are identified. The primary advantage of the instructional feedback model is that the professor can combine in a classroom setting both a technical curiosity among students about specific problems and an encouragement for productive discussions during office visits. Related to the more subjective components of the model, data are collected from several students at two different institutions. Out of class interactions with students are shown to yield extensive benefits and thereby justify the costs. The focus of the paper is to provide insights for beginning instructors who have never taught before and for research professors needing to improve teaching skills. Recommendations are made to enhance these valuable interactions with students.
Generalized mixed-/spl mu/ bounds for real and complex multiple-block uncertainty with internal matrix structure

New absolute stability results that unify and extend existing structured singular value bounds for mixed uncertainty are developed using the multivariable Nyquist criterion. These bounds generalize prior upper bounds for mixed-/spl mu/ by permitting the treatment of nondiagonal real uncertain blocks as well as accounting for internal matrix structure in the uncertainty. Several specializations to well known absolute stability criteria from the classical literature are given which allows for a systematic comparison of these results in addressing the problem of robust stability for real parameter uncertainty.
Application of absorption spectrum of sodium vanadate to determination of vanadium

Abstract A method is proposed for the determination of small amounts of vanadium as found in certain ores, rocks and minerals. After fusion of the sample, the 8-hydroxy-quinoline complex is extracted with chloroform and converted to sodium ortho-vanadate. The absorbancy of this compound is measured at a wavelength of 270 mμ. The present method does not depend on the formation of a colored complex and, hence, is independent of such conditions as time and temperature.
An autonomous photosynthetic device in which all charge carriers derive from surface plasmons

Water is split into H2 and O2 by charges deriving exclusively from plasmon excitation in a wireless device.
The effect of grass plant size on basal frequency estimates

Frequency data from different-sized plots are generally accepted as being incomparable. However, how basal frequency data are influenced by plant basal diameter is not well known. Computer simulations were used to determine the influences of grass plant basal diameter on basal frequency data. Basal frequency, basal area and density were estimated with simulated 5 × 10 cm and 20 × 50 cm rectangular plots. Simulated plants had basal diameters ranging from 1.9 to 12.7 cm. Basal diameter had a significant effect on the relationship between frequency and both basal area and density. As differences in plant size increase, the effect on basal frequency becomes larger and the likelihood of an ecologically important influence also increases. Thus, frequency data should not be used to compare relative abundance of species, unless corrections are made for differences in plant basal diameter among species. Additionally, frequency data should not be used to monitor change in abundance of a species through time, unless mean plant basal diameter can be assumed to remain relatively constant. Basal frequency data could be used to ‘signal’ when change has occurred. Then, other sampling methods must be used to determine the nature and direction of change or relative species abundance. For frequency data, the simplicity of collection may be offset by difficulty in interpretation.
Creating interlibrary loan request forms on the Web

ABSTRACT The Earl K. Long Library at the University of New Orleans offers its online catalog, along with many reference databases, available on the Web. The result has been that researchers are exposed to many sources of citations at their homes and offices, making remote requests for ILL services via Web forms an important convenience for the university community. This article discusses the concept of the Web form, and explains how forms are used to gather information from a Web browser, and how the information is ultimately turned into an e-mailed ILL request. Many of the issues that were considered in the creation of these forms are discussed.
Teaching communication in an MBA operations research/management science course

This paper discusses the inclusion of a writing requirement within a first-year Operations Research/Management Science (OR) course of a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) curriculum. The inclusion of a writing requirement addresses the importance of communication in OR. It is the authors’ supposition that many of the recent criticisms of OR teaching have their roots in poor OR communication. Although OR faculty members can well argue relative values, we have failed to adequately prepare our students to communicate relevant insights from OR studies. The integration of a writing requirement, consisting of short executive summary-style reports and a major term project, within an MBA OR course can do much in promoting further OR study and OR work. This paper describes our experience in instituting a writing requirement within a first-year MBA course in OR.
Proliferative zones of postnatal rat brain express epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA

Two ligands for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha), have recently been shown to influence the proliferation, differentiation or survival of diverse populations of fetal and neonatal neuronal and glial cells in culture. These findings suggest that EGF, TGF alpha, or another EGF-R ligand play a role in the regulation of similar cellular developmental events in vivo. In the present study, in situ hybridization with an 35S-labeled cRNA probe was used to determine if mRNA for EGF-R is expressed in two principal germinal zones of the postnatal rat brain, the forebrain ventricular/subventricular zone and the cerebellar external granule layer. Cells labeled with the EGF-R cRNA were distributed throughout the subventricular zone, particularly in the dorsolateral aspect, from birth to adulthood, although the numbers of labeled cells as well as the density of hybridization diminished during development. In the developing cerebellum, virtually all cells in the external granule layer were densely labeled with the EGF-R cRNA, as were numerous perikarya throughout the molecular layer. EGF-R mRNA was also transiently expressed at lower levels by neurons of the internal granule layer and deep cerebellar nuclei. By adulthood, cerebellar expression of EGF-R mRNA was not detected. These results demonstrate prominent expression of EGF-R mRNA within germinal zones of the developing brain and indicate a role for EGF, TGF alpha, or another member of the EGF-related family in regulating the activities of neuronal and glial progenitor cells in vivo.
Circumstances in which radiation is not absorbed, forbidding photoionization: four classes of matrix element zeros

Abstract We compare a new class of photoionization matrix element zeros, which we will call relativistic high-energy zeros (RHEZ), occurring at energies on the order mc2, to three well-studied classes of zeros, which include Cooper minima, point Coulomb relativistic zeros (PCRZ) and higher energy nonrelativistic Coulomb zeros (HENRCZ). RHEZ differ from the other three types of zeros in several ways. For example, the position of the zero with respect to photon energy in dipole RHEZ matrix elements is completely independent of n, Z, the central potential V, and retardation; has a simple dependence on the bound state l quantum number. Despite the fact that RHEZ occur at such high energies the dipole RHEZ do have some physical consequences.
Scaling of helicopter main rotor noise in hover

A 2.1-m-diam, one-sixth-scale model helicopter main rotor was tested in hover at the NASA Ames Outdoor Aerodynamic Research Facility. It had previously been tested in hover in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel test section. The primary objective of the tests was to obtain acoustic and performance data on a medium-scale rotor at various thrust coefficients and tip Mach numbers to compare to similar existing data on a full-scale helicopter main rotor. Information is presented on the effects of thrust- and tip-speed variation, the effects of boundary-layer trip strips, and the effects of wind conditions. In addition, a preliminary evaluation of the scaling of helicopter main-rotor noise in hover is presented. A secondary objective was to contribute to a data base that will permit the estimation of facility effects on acoustic testing.
A new route to seven-and eight-membered carbocycles

Abstract A facile method for the construction of bicyclo[6.3.0]undecane or bicyclo[5.3.0]decane skeleton has been developed by the tandem application of the intramolecular Kulinkovich cyclopropanation of ω-vinyl esters and oxidation of the resulting cyclopropanols.
The fractal dimension of the Lorenz attractor

Abstract Taken's box-counting algorithm for computing the fractal dimension of a strange attractor is applied to the Lorenz equation. A convergence problem is discussed, and an approximate dimension is computed.
Accumulation of a senescence factor in yeast cells.

Abstract A mathematical model is used to describe the increase in generation time with age of mother cells in the asymmetrically dividing yeast Saccharomyces revisiae . It is postulated that the generation time increases linearly with the amount of a senescence factor present in each cell. The senescence factor, which inhibits cell division, is produced continuously. Although it is not degraded or destroyed, it may be diluted by cell division. The model is formally identical to one which was successful in describing waste dilution in populations of aging human diploid fibroblasts (Hirsch, 1978). The relation between aging in yeast and in fibroblasts is explored. Agreement between calculated results and yeast cell generation-time data is adequate. The results indicate that the senescence factor accumulates with little or no dilution in aging yeast mother cells.
Visual representations in science education: The influence of prior knowledge and cognitive load theory on instructional design principles

Visual representations are essential for communicating ideas in the science classroom; however, the design of such representations is not always beneficial for learners. This paper presents instructional design considerations providing empirical evidence and integrating theoretical concepts related to cognitive load. Learners have a limited working memory, and instructional representations should be designed with the goal of reducing unnecessary cognitive load. However, cognitive architecture alone is not the only factor to be considered; individual differences, especially prior knowledge, are critical in determining what impact a visual representation will have on learners' cognitive structures and processes. Prior knowledge can determine the ease with which learners can perceive and interpret visual representations in working memory. Although a long tradition of research has compared experts and novices, more research is necessary to fully explore the expert–novice continuum and maximize the potential of visual representations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed90:1073–1091, 2006
Land Values in Frontier Settlements of the Brazilian Amazon

Summary Even in the absence of formal land markets, estimated values on agricultural frontiers of the Brazilian Amazon reflect the value-adding characteristics of the land. Understanding these characteristics provides important insights to the incentives (or dis-incentives) to protect tropical forests and reduce deforestation. A hedonic model is used to identify characteristics determining smallholder land values on the Amazon frontier. Years on the lot, area under agricultural production, and house values were found to add value; while distance from the nearest city and area under forest decreased values. Characteristics that do not appear to significantly affect land value include pasture area and the claim to hold definitive title. By not adding significantly to land values, pasture may be used to establish property rights rather than to increase land value through positive rents. Our results also confirm the underutilization of the forest resource by smallholders.
The Correction of Hyponatremia in Congestive Heart Failure

Hyponatremia in congestive heart failure occurs principally in the terminal phases of the natural history of heart disease. Fortunately, in some instances it may occur as a transient event in a setting of sudden deterioration in cardiac function. In such instances, it may be reversible. The most important factor in the occurrence of hyponatremia in these patients is an inordinate retention of water. Thus, the hyponatremia is the result of dilution. Correction of hyponatremia requires the elimination of water in excess of sodium. The futility and dangers of the use of hypertonic sodium chloride are emphasized. A method of controlled administration of mercurial diuretics after elevation of the plasma chlorides toward normal with consequent production of acidosis with chloride salts is reviewed. Diuresis following this procedure results in sodium losses in urine that are hypotonic in relation to plasma. The plasma sodium gradually returns to normal, and the patient progressively loses weight.
Biologic and Clinical Importance of Proinsulin

IN 1953 Sanger and Thompson described the complete covalent structure of insulin, a hormone containing two separate peptide chains and three disulfide bonds.1 , 2 Although proposed models for the biosynthesis of such a complex molecule were debated for many years, it was not until 1967 that the mechanism for insulin biosynthesis was finally elucidated: using an in vitro system containing isolated pancreatic islets or human insulinoma tissue and Radio-labeled amino acids, Steiner and his colleagues showed that the formation of insulin was preceded by the biosynthesis of a single-chain insulin-containing peptide about 1 1/2 times the size of insulin itself.3 , 4 Isolation . . .
Hierarchical Inorganic-Organic Nanocomposites Possessing Amphiphilic and Morphological Complexities : Influence of Nanofiller Dispersion on Mechanical Performance

Novel nanocomposites possessing ternary compositions and complex morphologies have been prepared from amphiphilic crosslinked hyperbranched fluoropolymer-poly(ethylene glycol) (HBFP-PEG) in the presence of pristine and chemically functionalized nanoscopic fillers, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and silica nanoparticles (SiO 2 ). Both SWNTs and SiO 2 were engineered specifically to become phase-designated reinforcing functional materials, SWNT-g-PEG and SiO 2 -g-HBFP, which (1) improved the dispersion of fillers, nanotubes, or spherical nanoparticles in the amphiphilic matrices, (2) enhanced the non-covalent interactions between nanofillers and polymers, and more importantly, (3) maintained reactive functionalities to be further covalently integrated into the complex networks. Tensile moduli (E dry ) for these as-prepared SWNT-containing composites increased by up to 430% relative to the unfilled material, while those incorporated with SiO 2 had a 420% increase of E dry . After swelling in water, the water absorption within the micro- and nanochannels of PEG-rich domains rigidified or softened the entire crosslinked network, as determined by the amount of PEG.
Molecular characterization of coding and untranslated regions of rat cortex lithium-sensitive myo-inositol monophosphatase cDNA.

Abstract Lithium sensitive myo-inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) is a pivotal enzyme which controls the levels of brain inositol within the inositol-based signaling system. Its capacity to release free myo-inositol from inositol monophosphates generated from receptor-linked and de novo pathways is crucial to the maintenance of appropriate amounts of intracellular myo-inositol, which is essential for both inositol-based cell signaling and cell volume control. We present here the full length cDNA encompassing the coding and untranslated regions (5′- and 3′-UTRs) of rat brain IMPase. This cDNA was derived from rat cortex mRNA by the RT-PCR technique. Analysis of this cDNA revealed several interesting features which include a short 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of 68 nucleotides followed by coding region of approximately 0.8 kb and a long 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of 1.2 kb. Both 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5′-RACE) and 3′-RACE techniques were carried out to isolate both UTRs and double stranded sequencing was carried out to its entirety (∼2.1 kb) by `gene walking' using several oligonucleotide primers. All nucleotides were sequenced unambiguously using the sense and antisense strands of DNA. PCR analysis for the coding region and the deduced amino acid sequence demonstrated a DNA fragment of 831 bp and 277 amino acids, respectively, which are strikingly similar to human hippocampal IMPase. The 5′-UTR demonstrated distinct CpG doublets, characteristic of `housekeeping' genes. The sequence around the initiator methionine, AAGATGG, conforms well to the Kozak consensus sequence for mammalian protein biosynthesis and the 3′-UTR demonstrated three canonical ( AATAAT , AATTAA , AATACA ) and one unusual poly-adenylation signals ( ATTAAA ) followed by a 31 base poly(A) tail. The presence of a CCTGTG in the 3′-UTR (putative carbohydrate response element) links IMPase mRNA to brain carbohydrate metabolic pathways. Computer analyses demonstrated several unique features of this mRNA, including the potential formation of hairpin loops which might be important in its intracellular regulation and turn-over. In summary, this lithium-sensitive brain IMPase mRNA has the following characteristics: a 5′-CpG-rich short untranslated segment, a highly conserved coding region, and a long 3′-untranslated region with several polyadenylation signals. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Presenting Structural Innovation in an Institutional Environment: Hospitals' Use of Impression Management:

This research examines how the first organizations to abandon an institutionalized, taken-for-granted structure and adopt a radically different form presented the innovation to important stakeholde...
QUANTUM FIELDS VERSUS STRINGS AT FINITE TEMPERATURE

We study some aspects of the relationship between the one-loop free energy of closed superstrings computed as a sum over the free energies of the quantum fields present in the string (the analog model) and the modular invariant expression of the same quantity. In particular, by getting a generalized duality relation for the integrand of the modular invariant expression for the free energy of closed superstrings and using a regularization procedure, we connect the contribution to the vacuum energy from the bosonic degrees of freedom in the analog model (one half of the total number) with the coefficient governing the high temperature behavior of the free energy. We also study the physical meaning of this regularization and the role played by the left-right constraint defining the physical fields in the light-cone gauge.
In Vitro Stimulation of 14C-leucine Incorporation into Protein by Growth Hormone

The incorporation of 14C-leucine into protein was measured in liver slices of normal and hypophysectomized (Hx) rats which were incubated for various lengths of time in a modified tissue culture medium. The rate of incorporation in slices of Hx animals was approximately 50% that of normal rats. In the presence of 4 μg/ml growth hormone (GH)/ml of medium, slices derived from normal rats incorporated 25% more labeled precursor into protein than in the absence of hormone. The in vitro addition of GH to slices of Hx rats also stimulated protein synthesis. The specific activity of labeled protein was increased maximally (29%) by the addition of 4 μg GH/ml of medium. GH added at concentrations of 2 and 8 μg/ml enhanced incorporation 15% and 21%, respectively. No effect was observed when GH was present at 0.1 μg/ml medium. Studies in which slices were separated into subcellular fractions revealed that GH increased the specific activity of cytosol protein 48%. These findings indicate that the in vitro addition of...
Trace element constraints on pegmatite genesis: Tin Mountain pegmatite, Black Hills, South Dakota

The Tin Mountain pegmatite is a small, zoned granitic body that is extremely enriched in Rb and Li, but has moderate concentrations of Sr and Ba. These trace elements are modelled using granitic distribution coefficients in order to test the potentials of partial melting of metasedimentary rocks and fractionation of a less-evolved granitic melt to have produced the parental liquid to the Tin Mountain pegmatite. Batch melting of any reasonable metasedimentary source rock would likely have yielded melts that were either insufficiently enriched in Rb and Li to be the parental liquid, or that had Sr and Ba concentrations that were much higher than those estimated for the parental liquid. The modelling of simple fractional crystallization and equilibrium crystallization of a granitic melt within the compositional range of the spatially associated Harney Peak Granite gives calculated melt compositions with either lower Sr and Ba concentrations or inadequate Rb and Li enrichments, to be the parent liquid of the pegmatite. At least two variants from simple crystal-liquid fractionation models can, however, successfully account for the derivation of the parent liquid: 1) generation of a Rb-, Li-, Ba- and Sr-rich granitic melt (outside of the compositional range of the sampled portions of the Harney Peak Granite complex) by low degrees of partial melting of metasedimentary rocks found in the Black Hills, followed by moderate extents of fractional or equilibrium crystallization, 2) derivation from Harney Peak granite via a complex, multi-stage crystal-liquid fractionation process, such as progressive equilibrium crystallization.