cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Certification of Accountants and Auditors in the CIS: A Case Study of Armenia

Part of the USAID Accounting Reform Project in Armenia involves reforming the certification process for accountants and auditors to meet international standards. Until Armenian certification becomes credible to the international investing community, it would be a stumbling block to capital investment, since the credibility of the financial statements of Armenian companies that were audited by Armenian accountants would lack credibility. This article discusses the certification and testing requirements recently adopted by the body responsible for testing and certification in Armenia as well as the thought process that went into the testing and certification process.
Treatment of Endocrine Disorders

In order for the body to operate efficiently as a whole, the activity of its organs and their interrelationship is under the dual control of the nervous system and the endocrine system. The first controls activity by nervous impulses emanating from the brain and spinal cord, the latter by hormones formed in several widely distributed glands which reach the other organs and tissues through the bloodstream. The nervous and endocrine systems complement each other, and each can affect the activity of the other. In addition, the endocrine system has a profound effect on growth, development, sexual maturation, fertility and childbirth.
Renal Response of the Fetus to Hypoxia

Wide variations in urine composition and renal function are encountered during the immediate postnatal period (1,2). We proposed (2) that a possible cause for these variations was various degrees of disruption of maternal-fetal exchange leading to fetal and neonatal hypoxia (3,4). However, no correlation could be found between various aspects of renal function in the postnatal period and any clinical or biochemical evidence for an hypoxic insult (2). The infants studied all had one minute Apgar score of 7 or higher, were not acidotic and did not display blood pressure abnormalities. Despite this lack of correlation, there is considerable experimental evidence that hypoxia does influence renal function. It is possible that hypoxic insults during labor could be of such short duration or of an intermittent nature that they would not be evidenced by the clinical or acid-base status of the infants at birth (5). The purpose of the present experiment is to examine the renal response of the chronically instrumented lamb in utero to controlled hypoxia as well as acid-base and osmolar disturbances.
Exploration of caves—General

Abstract The skills, training, and equipment necessary to explore caves vary tremendously with the size and complexity of the cave. In common, however, are the environmental realities that caves are dark, usually wet and muddy, and have temperatures that are close to the regional average. The terrain is rugged with low crawls, narrow fissures, pits, puddles, pools, flowing streams, and piles of loose rocks. The equipment needed by the explorer includes reliable light sources, helmets, and clothing that provide protection from the environment. Additional equipment and additional training are needed for vertical caves, big river caves, and underwater caves.
Domestic Violence Courts: The Case of Lady Justice Meets the Serpents of the Caduceus

The pervasiveness of domestic violence and its combined social unacceptability and imposing, recurring social and human consequences has motivated domestic violence legislation and eventually specialized courts. Domestic violence courts integrate three parallel tracks associated with the 30-year social trend of criminalizing domestic violence: prosecution, punishment, and deterrence of batterers; rehabilitation of batterers; and protection of victims. The goal of these courts is not to eschew punishment, but rather to ensure that punishment is efficiently and fully exacted on batterers in ways that hold them accountable for their crimes against intimates and to deter future acts of domestic violence. Although there are more than 200 domestic violence courts in the United States, there is no consistency among these courts in terms of structure and process, and their effectiveness on relevant outcomes such as recidivism and victim safety, remains uncertain. “Characteristics of Domestic Violence Courts Shaping Performance” defines domestic courts in terms of their characteristics that may enhance and hinder performance. In “Principles of Therapeutic Jurisprudence Applied to Domestic Violence”, domestic violence courts are assessed through the lens of therapeutic jurisprudence with emphasis on the schisms of extremes underpinning these courts and how they forestall Lady Justice’s reach toward and embrace of the Caduceus’ therapeutic potential. “A Holistic, Therapeutic–Restorative Approach to Domestic Violence Courts” develops an alternative strategy for judicial intervention; a strategy that employs a more holistic and balanced approach and addresses the needs of both the batterer and the victim, while holding the batterer accountable for his behavior. Finally, “Promise, Limitations, and Future Research” makes recommendations for improving the potential of domestic violence courts and for future empirical experimentation.
A Modified Banker’s Algorithm

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for the classical deadlock avoidance problem. The new algorithm has the simplicity as Banker’s algorithm in terms of data structures used in the algorithm; in particular, there is no graph model of any kind is required. The original Banker’s algorithm has time complexity of O(n 3 d), where n is the number of processes and d is the number of resources (as per certain literatures, it is misquoted as Θ (n 2 d) which refers as the safety check part), in comparison, our algorithm has time complexity of O(n 2 d 2 + ndM), where M is the total number of resource units. When the total resource units are fixed as a constant and number of resource types is fixed, which is a reasonable assumption, the complexity of our algorithm is O(n 2 d 2 ), a significant improvement over the original Banker’s algorithm. The space-complexity of our algorithm is O(nd2) which is worse than the original Banker’s algorithm.
Laparoscopic intracorporeal ultrasound. An alternative to cholangiography

The purpose of this study was to compare laparoscopic intracorporeal ultrasound (LICU) examination of the biliary duct system with cholangiography for delineation of duct anatomy and determination of presence or absence of ductal calculi. Thirty-one patients had LICU examination of the extrahepatic bile ducts after exposure of the gallbladder but prior to dissection of the cystic duct. After LICU examination, cystic duct dissection and cholangiography were done. Evaluation of duct anatomy and decision for duct exploration were based on findings of both tests. All patients had successful LICU examination and 30 had successful cholangiography. Duct size as determined by LICU corresponded precisely with cholangiography. LICU provided useful anatomical information in two patients with aberrant anatomy and detected choledocholithiasis in five, one of whom had a negative cholangiogram. LICU aids in delineation of biliary duct anatomy and accurately determines presence or absence of duct calculi.
Motivational Interviewing with Court-Ordered Populations

Motivational interviewing is a strategic conversational style that can clarify ambivalence and help an individual move toward making a decision about important life changes. Initially intended for use with clients struggling with substance abuse concerns, motivational interviewing has rapidly expanded its evidence-based use in diverse populations and settings, including physical and mental healthcare, education, and the criminal justice and correctional systems. In this chapter, readers will find a summary of the primary tenets of motivational interviewing, including the spirit of motivational interviewing and the basics of engaging, focusing, evoking, and planning. The chapter will also summarize reasons for the use of motivational interviewing with court-ordered populations, research evidence for its effectiveness with adults and youth receiving treatment for violent and nonviolent problematic or illegal behaviors, how it impacts clients at various stages of change, and future directions for the field. Importantly, the chapter includes a fictionalized account of how motivational interviewing may be implemented with a court-ordered client. Practitioners, systems administrators, and researchers alike will find ample information to foster their interest in the use of motivational interviewing with a range of clients who are receiving court-ordered treatment to improve their lives and reduce risk of future harm to themselves and others in their communities.
Time- and space-parallel simulation of air traffic networks:

Computer simulations are widely used to design and evaluate air traffic systems. A fast time simulation capability is essential to effectively explore the consequences of decisions in airspace desi...
Ambulatory Training Program to Expand Procedural Skills in Primary Care.

Introduction:Outpatient procedures are an important component of primary care, yet few programs incorporate procedural training into their curriculum. We examined a 4-year procedural curriculum to ...
Beheading the saint: nationalism, religion, and secularism in Quebec

For a long time, scholars have studied the link between religion and nationalism from different angles. One line of examination puts forth an analogous treatment of religion and nationalism, where ...
Simulation Optimization Using Multi-Time-Scale Adaptive Random Search

We propose a random search algorithm for seeking the global optimum of an objective function in a simulation setting. The algorithm can be viewed as an extension of the MARS algorithm proposed in H...
WireOn: Supporting Remote Collaboration for Embedded System Development

The rise of the Maker movement has led to a growing number of developers who prototype and program embedded systems. When programming, these developers often rely on support from various resources-including other developers. However, other developers may not always be available to provide support in person, and existing technologies for online help, such as voice chat or Q&A forms, face the fundamental limitation of inspecting and manipulating developers' circuit boards. As a result, remote helpers can only provide suggestions or guidance, rather than contributing via physical changes made to the devices. And only end-user developers have the ability to carry out the planned tasks. In this paper, we demonstrate WireOn, a programming support research prototype that allows remote helpers to directly perform tasks on end-user developers' circuit board by teleoperating a robot arm. The helpers can control the robot arm via a web user interface to perform simple tasks such as pick-and-place the electronic components, visually inspect the physical artifacts in real time, and also review the code that the end-user sent over to them. The new system has the potential to enable more efficient remote collaboration on embedded system development. (https://youtu.be/uggyxHAlLDQ)
Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Seen within 24 Hours at a Tertiary Institution.

Abstract Objective Acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an emergency with poor visual outcome. Intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5 h of vision loss is safe and may improve vision, but is rarely administered because of frequent delays in presentation. We describe a subgroup of CRAO patients presenting within 24 h of vision loss to a tertiary care center affiliated with a comprehensive stroke center. Materials and Methods Retrospective review of 181 consecutive CRAO patients seen at our institution from 2010 to 2020. Results Out of 181 CRAO patients, 62 (34%) presented within 24 h of vision loss and tended to live closer to the hospital. These patients were more likely to be admitted to the hospital and receive comprehensive stroke work-up compared to patients who presented after 24 h of vision loss. Patients presenting after 24 h did not necessarily receive prior appropriate work-up at outside institutions. Conservative treatments for CRAO were administered to 20/181 patients, and only 3 patients received intravenous thrombolysis. Conclusions Patients with CRAO do not present to the emergency department fast enough and diagnosis of CRAO is often delayed. Despite having a protocol in place, only 3/181 patients received IV thrombolysis, emphasizing the difficulty in administering very acute treatments for CRAO. Public education regarding CRAO is necessary to improve presentation times, management, and visual outcomes. Hospitals need to develop accelerated diagnostic pathway protocols for patients with acute vision loss so that CRAO patients may be diagnosed and be considered for potential acute treatments as quickly as possible.
Processing of Hematitic Iron Ores

The beneficiation characteristics of low grade Birmingham red iron ores of the Big Seam and Ferruginous Sandstone seams were investigated using flotation and magnetic separation after reduction roasting. Samples of Big Seam ore responded more readily to concentration than the Ferruginous Sandstone ores. The impurities inherent with the iron oxide minerals limited the grade of concentrates recoverable from these ores to a maximum of about 61% Fe if reasonable iron recoveries are sought.
A Jurisprudence of Nonviolence

In "A Jurisprudence of Nonviolence," Loyola Law School Professor Yxta Maya Murray develops a legal theory of nonviolence, using the work of cultural feminists, Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King, critical race theorists, and queer legal theorists. Professor Murray essays a definition of “violence” and posits standards for determining when violence is “avoidable,” and thus wrong. Upon merging this theory with a constitutional due process analysis, Professor Murray then proposes a constitutional right of nonviolence. Thereafter, she uses Gonzales v. Carhart, the 2007 Supreme Court “partial-birth” abortion opinion, as a case study. Professor Murray determines that the decision was wrongly decided under a jurisprudence of nonviolence, and concludes by sketching out the difficult issues that arise when considering nonviolence politics and jurisprudence in connection with the abortion right.
Coherence Properties of Polarized Radiation in Weak Magnetic Fields

The scattering of radiation in the presence of weak magnetic fields can give rise to coherence or interference phenomena that will profoundly affect the frequency, geometric, and polarization properties of the scattering event. In this paper we discuss and illustrate some of the features of the coherence phenomena associated with the scattering redistribution for the normal Zeeman triplet. The frequency dependent as well as the frequency independent scattering function is considered in a linear polarization basis. In addition we illustrate some properties of this redistribution function in the Stokes representation. Since the primary purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the nature of some of the properties of the coherence problems, that might be important in the interpretation of magnetic fields from polarization measurements of scattered radiation, it has been necessary in this initial work to neglect several features of the problem which are noted in the paper and are currently under investigation.
Proteins that bind to the yeast rDNA enhancer

The transcription of ribosomal RNA genes differs from that of other genes in several respects: the use of a specialized polymerase, the generally high level of transcription, and the tandem arrangement of the genes. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we identified a nucleotide sequence in the "nontranscribed" spacer region that had many characteristics of an enhancer of transcription (8). More recently, it has become apparent that transcription of this sequence occurs (9) and that it may also be involved in some aspect of termination of 35 S rRNA transcription. The likelihood that there are protein factors involved in termination and activation of transcription and that these may participate in the coupling of the transcription of adjacent rRNA genes led us to search for proteins that might bind to the enhancer. We have identified two such proteins, termed REB1 and REB2, that bind to the enhancer and protect specific sequences from attack by chemical and enzymatic reagents. It is noteworthy that there is a second REB1 binding site approximately 210 base pairs upstream of the origin of transcription of rRNA and that binding of REB1 to this site alters the conformation of DNA adjacent to the site of initiation.
Nutritional Requirements for Growth and Yeastlike Development of Mucor rouxii Under Carbon Dioxide

Abstract Unlike five other strains of Mucor rouxii previously studied, certain nutritional factors must be present for rapid growth and completely yeastlike development of M. rouxii (National Regional Research Laboratory 1894) under CO2; high CO2 tensions markedly inhibit growth of this strain. Addition of yeast extract, peptone, or enzymatically hydrolyzed casein in substrate amounts to a basal medium (containing acid-hydrolyzed casein) completely relieved CO2 inhibition of growth and permitted yeastlike development. The “CO2 growth factor” activity of these supplements proved to be dialyzable and acid labile. These findings, together with the results of gel filtration and amino acid analysis, suggested that CO2 growth factor activity can be attributed to small peptides.
Computer Animation and Simulation Evidence

This article reviews the basic technological differences between computer animations and simulations, describes an example of current instruments used to collect and create visual digital evidence for the legal arena, and provides a brief sample of relevant American cases on the admissibility of computer-generated animation and simulation. Keywords: animation; simulation; accident reconstruction; computer evidence; crime scene reconstruction; demonstrative evidence
Slowing of India's convergence with Eurasia since 20 Ma and its implications for Tibetan mantle dynamics

Reconstructions of the relative positions of the India and Eurasia plates, using recently revised histories of movement between India and Somalia and between North America and Eurasia and of the opening of the East African Rift, show that India's convergence rate with Eurasia slowed by more than 40% between 20 and 10 Ma. Much evidence suggests that beginning in that interval, the Tibetan Plateau grew outward rapidly and that radially oriented compressive strain in the area surrounding Tibet increased. An abrupt increase in the mean elevation of the plateau provides a simple explanation for all of these changes. Elementary calculations show that removal of mantle lithosphere from beneath Tibet, or from just part of it, would lead to both a modest increase in the mean elevation of the plateau of ~1 km and a substantial change in the balance of forces per unit length applied to the India and Eurasia plates.
Harvard, Not Chicago: Which Antitrust School Drives Recent Supreme Court Decisions

The U.S. Supreme Court has now decided 14 antitrust cases in a row in favor of the defendant. But this does not indicate an embrace of the conservative Chicago School over the moderate Harvard School. To the contrary, on every issue the Court has addressed where those two schools are in conflict, the Supreme Court has sided with the Harvard School. It has also sided with sound antitrust economics rather than with formalisms favoring plaintiffs or defendants.
Risk factors for anxiety disorders: common and specific effects in a national sample.

Anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD) are among the most common mental disorders in the United States,[1] with high individual and societal burden derived from their considerable associated work and social impairment.[2,3] Decreasing the burden of anxiety disorders and MDD is an important public health priority. Anxiety disorders often co-occur with each other and with MDD[4,5] suggesting the existence of a latent structure that may parsimoniously explain these patterns of comorbidity[6–9]. Several studies have examined the genetic liability of anxiety disorders and MDD, and consistently concluded that most of this genetic liability is exerted at the level of the latent variable,[8, 10–13] rather than at the disorder-specific level. Because anxiety disorders and MDD share a broad range of other risk factors,[14–24] an essential step in the development of more effective treatment and prevention interventions is to determine whether those factors exert their effect through the common latent variable, directly on each disorder, or through a combination of effects at both levels.[14, 16, 25] We sought tsreo address this gap in knowledge by drawing on data from a large, nationally representative survey to compare the common and the specific contribution of a set of observable risk factors to risk of anxiety disorders and MDD. We followed a conceptual model of risk factors, which was initially developed by Kendler and colleagues to examine the prevalence of MDD,[26, 27] but seems to be applicable to other internalizing disorders.[28] Because anxiety disorders often co-occur with each other and with MDD and seem to have a partially shared liability,[8, 13, 14] prior to our analyses, we hypothesized that the comorbidity structure of anxiety disorders and MDD would be well described by a single latent variable and that the risk factors postulated in Kendler’s model would exert part of their effect through this latent variable. However, because the prevalence and course of the different anxiety disorder and MDD does not fully overlap[29–31] and they also have nonshared variance, we also hypothesized that the risk factors would also partially exert their effect directly on the individual disorders.
Quantum theory of the coherently pumped micromaser : Model and steady-state solution

A detailed theoretical and experimental study of the atom-field interaction starting from first principles was made possible by the realization of the single-atom micromaser. The situation is very close to the ideal case of a single two-level atom interacting with a single quantized mode of a superconducting cavity. In spite of the considerable amount of work devoted to the study of the micromaser, it still remains to be established how the system behaves under coherent pumping. We present a comprehensive study of the coherently pumped micromaser; we develop an analytic method to obtain the steady-state solution of the master equation governing the time evolution of the cavity field. We illustrate this method with a simple example and present results for the photon distribution and purity of the steady state of the coherently pumped micromaser.
Student receptivity to new school meal offerings: assessing fruit and vegetable waste among middle school students in the Los Angeles Unified School District.

Objective We sought to characterize student receptivity to new menu offerings in the Los Angeles Unified School District by measuring the levels of fruit and vegetable waste after implementation of changes to the school lunch menu in fall 2011.
Thermodynamic properties of sea water and its concentrates

Abstract A systematic study of the properties of aqueous solutions of the major components of sea water, NaCl,KCl,Na2SO4and MgSO4 is being carried out in the Boston Laboratory of Monsanto Research Corporation, under the sponsorship of the Office of Saline Water, U.S. Department of the Interior. Densities, vapor pressures, and viscosities of binary and ternary solutions were measured at concentrations corresponding to that of sea water and its concentrates up to five-fold concentration over the 25 to 150 C or 175 C temperature range. The experimental methods used are described. The experimental data and literature data on all these properties of sea water and its concentrates were correlated to permit easy interpolation. Methods for estimating these properties for sea water, its concentrates, and brines were developed and recommended data are presented. This work substantially extends the range of data available and represents a systematic attempt to provide data for desalination practice.
Resonant defect scattering in thorium-doped UBe13

Low-temperature specific-heat measurements on U1 − xThxBe13 reveal a linear contribution Clin = γrest(x)·T at lowest temperatures which varies systematically with thorium concentration. Size and concentration dependence of this contribution can be explained by resonant defect scattering of the Th impurities in an anisotropic superconductor with gap nodes. The most meaningful observation, however, is that γrest(x) shows relatively sharp minima at both critical concentrations (xC1 ≈ 1.8 at %, xC2 ≈ 4.5 at%) in the phase diagram of U1 − xThxBe13; in between these concentrations a double-maximum structure in the temperature-dependent specific heat is observed. These sharp minima are strong indications of a sudden change in the superconducting ground state at the critical concentrations. This direct information about the gap nodes is important for theory to explain the complex phase diagram of U1 − xThxBe13.
Studies in crystal growth from the melt of KDP and ADP

Abstract The description of an investigation currently in progress into the feasibility of growth from the melt of single crystals of KDP and ADP is presented. Information on the phase-equilibrium properties of KDP and ADP does not abound in the literature, and this investigation has had to be primed with thermal analytical studies of these materials which are also detailed herein. This account covers the authors' work on the subject up to and including 1985.
Chromatographic determination of cysteic acid

Abstract Difficulty was encountered in the determination of cysteic acid with ninhydrin after elution from a resin column, using a Time-Flow fraction-collector. Since the trouble arose from the variable pH obtained on the addition of sodium hydroxide to the eluate, a buffered solution of 2 N sodium hydroxide saturated with sodium citrate was used to produce the pH 5.0 required for maximum color development. The calibration for 10 ml of the tubes collecting the eluate, and the use of a standard cysteic acid curve facilitated the calculation of the cysteic acid concentration in the sample.
Preparation of multilamellar vesicles of defined size-distribution by solvent-spherule evaporation.

A novel method of preparing multilamellar vesicles is described. The process involves dispersing in aqueous solutions small spherules of volatile hydrophobic solvents in which amphiphathic lipids are dissolved. The lipids form vesicles when the solvents are evaporated in the proper manner. The resulting vesicles have been characterized morphologically with light microscopy and electron microscopy. The method yields multilamellar vesicles with a defined size distribution which can be adjusted by varying the duration of mechanical agitation of the spherules and by varying the concentration of amphipatic lipids in the solvents. This is the first fundamentally new method of multilamellar vesicle preparation since Bangham's report in 1965 (Bangham, A.D., Standish M.M. and Watkins J.C. (1965) J. Mol. Biol. 13, 238–252).
Fluid flow modeling of micro-orifices using micropolar fluid theory

Previous research has indicated that micropolar fluid theory may provide a better model of fluid flow in microfluidic devices than classical Navier-Stokes theory. Micropolar theory augments classical Navier-Stokes theory with additional equations that account for conservation of micro- inertia moments. In our work, a two-dimensional numerical model based on micropolar fluid theory is used to examine flow behavior in micro orifices. This particular flow geometry has many application within microfluidic systems and devices such as flow sensors and micro valves. The numerical model is validated by comparison to experimental data and an analytical solution determined for fully developed flow conditions in microchannels. The numerical model was used to examine the effect of orifice geometry on pressure drop and the size of the recirculation region. Simulations were performed for orifice contraction ratios of 0.2, 0.44, and 0.6. The numerical results indicate an increase in the pressure drop when compared to traditional macroscale theory predictions and a decrease in the size of the recirculation zones after the orifice. The results provide further evidence that micropolar fluid theory may provide a better approximation for the observed increases in friction that have been reported in the literature for experiments on microchannel flows.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
To treat or not to treat the internal mammary nodes: A possible compromise

Abstract Purpose : A method for designing partly wide tangential fields that irradiate the superiorly placed internal mammary nodes, yet exclude the inferiorly placed internal mammary nodes and the cardiac tissue, is described for patients receiving tangential radiation for breast cancer. Methods and Materials : Patients are immobilized in hemibody foam cradles. A CT study is performed with a series of fiducial markers. The CT data set can then either be transferred to the three-dimensional treatment planning computer for sophisticated treatment planning, or can be viewed to design partly wide tangential fields “by hand.” This latter method is far less time consuming and, we believe, usually adequate, given the uncertainties in identifying the location of the internal mammary nodes. Results : This technique has been implemented in our clinic and has been used to treat approximately 15 patients. In four of these patients, a formal dose-volume histogram analysis revealed that these partly wide tangential fields can adequately exclude the cardiac volume and include the superiorly placed internal mammary nodes. Modest reductions in the pulmonary volume that is incidentally irradiated are seen compared to conventional wide tangents that irradiate the entire length of the internal mammary chain. Conclusion : While controversy remains regarding the appropriateness of internal mammary nodal irradiation for patients with breast cancer, the technique described represents an attractive compromise. Selective irradiation of the superiorly placed internal mammary nodes (which are those at greatest risk for involvement) with customized “partly wide” tangential fields is possible. This treatment technique may provide the survival advantage that might be seen with internal mammary node irradiation, yet avoid the possible cardiac morbidity.
A simple new method for calculating the characters of the symmetric groups

Abstract The method of Young diagrams for the symmetric groups is reformulated with special emphasis on the interrelationships among all the different primitive idempotents generated by the Young tableaux. A fundamental connection is found between the idempotent of an irreducible representation and all the primitive idempotents generated by the different Young tableux associated with the irreducible representation. This result and its associated theorems are used to solve the problem of obtaining the irreducible characters from the Frobenius compound character formula. The final procedure is surprisingly simple.
Organic−Inorganic Hybrids Based on Pyrene Functionalized Octavinylsilsesquioxane Cores for Application in OLEDs

Traditional materials for application in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are primarily based on small molecules and polymers, with much fewer examples of intermediate molecular weights materials. Our interest lies in this intermediate molecular weight range, specifically in hybrids based on 3-dimensional silsesquioxane (SSQ) cores that represents a new class of versatile materials for application in solution processable OLEDs. We report here SSQ based hybrids (P8-OVS and P14-OVS) that are easily prepared in one high-yield step from the Heck coupling of commercially available 1-bromopyrene with octavinyl-SSQ. The resulting materials offer numerous advantages for OLEDs including amorphous properties, high-glass-transition temperatures (Tg), low polydispersity, solubility in common solvents, and high purity via column chromatography. Solution processed OLEDs prepared from P8-OVS provide blue-green emission with external quantum efficiencies, current efficiencies, maximum brightness, and turn-on voltage...
What was Frege Trying to Prove? A Response to Jeshion

Frege set out to identify the foundations of arithmetic. The project he envisioned required the construction of gapless proofs of the basic truths of arithmetic from laws of logic and definitions. But why did he look for the foundations of arithmetic in logic? Why was he not content to take, as foundational axioms of arithmetic, its basic truths for example, that every natural number has a unique successor? In the 1970S and 1980S, Paul Benacerraf, Philip Kitcher, and I offered accounts of Frege's motivation that were designed to answer these questions.l We all took Frege at his word when he said, in section 3 of Foundations, that his inquiry was prompted by his desire to determine whether the truths of arithmetic are analytic or synthetic, a priori or a posteriori. But we offered three competing interpretations of these distinctions. Kitcher and I both argued that they had important ties to a philosophical tradition.2 Benacerraf, in contrast, argued that these apparently philosophical distinctions, as reinterpreted by Frege, belonged to a mathematical rather than a philosophical tradition. In 'Frege's Notions of Self Evidence', Robin Jeshion argues that all three of us have gone wrong. The problem, according to Jeshion, is that we have either ignored or misinterpreted Frege's appeals to self-evidence. A correct account of his motivation, she argues, is to be found by looking at these appeals. This account requires no reference to the analytic/synthetic and a priori/a posteriori distinctions. For these 'specifically philosophical notions of section 3', she claims, do not often appear later in his writings (Jeshion 2001, p. 938).3
Stabilizing underwater vehicle motion using internal rotors

As a case study of a particular control methodology and as a practical contribution in the area of underwater vehicle control, we consider the problem of stabilizing an underwater vehicle using internal rotors as actuators. The control design method comprises three steps. The first step involves shaping the kinetic energy of the conservative dynamics. For the underwater vehicle, the control term from this step may be interpreted as modifying the system inertia. In the second step, we design feedback dissipation using a Lyapunov function constructed in the first step. In the third step, we include a general model for the viscous force and moment on the vehicle and we show that these effects enhance stability. We first apply this method to a vehicle whose centers of buoyancy and gravity coincide and then to a vehicle with noncoincident centers of buoyancy and gravity.
Biochemical and spectroscopic studies on (S)-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid epoxidase: A novel mononuclear non-heme iron enzyme

The last step of the biosynthesis of fosfomycin, a clinically useful antibiotic, is the conversion of (S)-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid (HPP) to fosfomycin. Since the ring oxygen in fosfomycin has been shown in earlier feeding experiments to be derived from the hydroxyl group of HPP, this oxirane formation reaction is effectively a dehydrogenation process. To study this unique C−O bond formation step, we have overexpressed and purified the desired HPP epoxidase. Results reported herein provided initial biochemical evidence revealing that HPP epoxidase is an iron-dependent enzyme and that both NAD(P)H and a flavin or flavoprotein reductase are required for its activity. The 2 K EPR spectrum of oxidized iron-reconstituted fosfomycin epoxidase reveals resonances typical of S = 5/2 Fe(III) centers in at least two environments. Addition of HPP causes a redistribution with the appearance of at least two additional species, showing that the iron environment is perturbed. Exposure of this sample to NO elicits no...
Conserving “The Ottoman(s)” at an Israeli World Heritage Site

This article explores the construction and representation of “Ottoman” heritage in Old Acre, Israel by examining one of the major texts guiding its conservation: its UNESCO World Heritage nomination file. By analyzing how this text has been animated for the tourist public through the Hammam al-Pasha tourist attraction, I demonstrate the ways in which the recognition and celebration of “Ottoman” heritage in Old Acre may actually reinforce Jewish-Israeli sovereignty over Israel/Palestine. I show how these conservation practices may undermine claims to Palestinian indigeneity at the exact moment that they acknowledge, protect, and memorialize the heritage of Israel’s cultural other.
Facial hair as a factor in speechreading performance

Eleven hearing-impaired subjects were tested using a speechreading test employing the CID Everyday Sentence Lists read by a male speaker under four different conditions: (a) full beard and moustache, (b) trimmed beard and moustache, (c) moustache only, and (d) clean shaven. The results indicated that varying amounts of facial hair do not have significant effects on speechreading performance. Mean scores for speechreading performance decreased somewhat with reduction of facial hair, however, as confirmed by a test of linear trend (p < 0.05).
Quantitative alterations of steroid urinary profiles associated with diabetes mellitus

Capillary gas chromatography was used for the acquisition of quantitative metabolic profiles of urinary steroids from normal subjects and diabetic patients. Structures of 70 steroid metabolites have been assigned tentatively through mass spectrometry. Quantitative differences between the groups of normal and pathological samples (both males and females) are seen primarily for androsterone, etiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 11-oxygenated 17-ketosteroids, corticosteroid metabolites, and a newly discovered metabolite, recently identified as a C26 pentol. The only significant difference between two different age groups of normal males was shown by androsterone.
A Sensor-Driven Approach to Distributed Shop Floor Planning and Control

The objective of this research is to develop methodology and framework for distributed shop floor planning, real-time monitoring, and remote device control supported by intelligent sensors. An intelligent sensor serves runtime data from bottom up to facilitate high-level decision-making. It assures that correct decisions are made in a timely manner, if compared with the best estimations of engineers. Being an adaptive system, a so-designed framework will improve the flexibility and dynamism of shop floor operations, and provide a seamless integration among process planning, resource scheduling, job execution, process monitoring, and device control. This paper presents principles of the methodology, details in architecture design, module interactions, information flow, and a proof-of-concept prototype implementation.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Lack of value of routine postpartum hematocrit determination after vaginal delivery.

Objective To identify risk factors associated with low postpartum hematocrits after vaginal delivery and to define lower risk categories of patients for whom routine determination of hematocrit may not be necessary. Methods This case-control study was designed to identify risk factors for discharge hematocrit below 27% in nonanemic patients after a vaginal delivery using the University of California, San Francisco, Perinatal Database. Multivariate statistics were used to determine the most significant risk factors. Lower risk subpopulations were analyzed to determine their rate of low discharge hematocrits. Results Risk factors associated with odds ratios greater than 1.5 for discharge hematocrit less than 27% included estimated blood loss greater than 500 mL, placenta previa, abruption, prolonged third stage, preeclampsia, prior postpartum hemorrhage, and prior cesarean delivery. Estimated blood loss > 500 mL was the most significant risk factor for discharge hematocrit less than 27% (odds ratio 4.5, 95% confidence interval 3.8, 5.4). A population without statistically significant risk factors was identified; this group had a 1.4% risk of discharge hematocrit less than 27%. Conclusion Routine postpartum hematocrits are unnecessary in clinically stable patients with an estimated blood loss of less than 500 mL.
Short-term and intermediate-term outcomes of aortic root replacement with St. Jude mechanical conduits and aortic allografts.

Background Few studies have directly evaluated outcomes in patients undergoing aortic root replacement with St. Jude mechanical conduits or aortic allografts (ALLO), yet both approaches have been advocated. The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed description of outcomes in a large series of aortic root replacements performed with either St. Jude mechanical conduits or aortic allografts. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 172 consecutive adult patients undergoing aortic root replacement with either St. Jude mechanical conduits (n = 73) or aortic allografts (n = 99) from January 1990 to December 2002. Maximal follow-up was 15 years, and median follow-up was 5 years. Results Both groups were similar with regard to median age, preoperative ejection fraction, and New York Heart Association class. The aortic allograft patient group had a higher proportion (p Conclusions Aortic root replacement can be safely performed with either allograft or mechanical conduits, even in the setting of acute dissection, redo sternotomy, or endocarditis.
Soil Respiration and Ecosystem Carbon Stocks in New England Forests with Varying Soil Drainage

Abstract Northern temperate forests play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle. Individual stands can differ in C content and storage, based on characteristics such as vegetation type, site history, and soil properties. These site differences may cause stands to vary in their response to extreme weather events such as droughts. We examined ecosystem C pools, soil respiration, and litterfall in four hardwood stands with widely varying soil drainage in Rhode Island. Total ecosystem C increased as soils became more poorly drained, ranging from 181 Mg C ha-1 in the excessively drained Entisol to 547 Mg C ha-1 in the very poorly drained Histosol. The proportion of ecosystem C contained in the soil was much higher in the poorly drained soils, and ranged from 57% in the excessively drained Entisol to 91% in the poorly drained Histosol. While total ecosystem C stocks varied by a factor of three, rates of litterfall and soil respiration were similar among sites. Soil carbon content was highest in the ve...
Correlation between seafloor heat flow and basement relief: Observational and numerical examples and implications for upper crustal permeability

There is a strong positive correlation between bathymetric and well-navigated heat flow data from the Galapagos Mounds hydrothermal area and the east flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. A similar correlation is apparent at Deep Sea Drilling Project/Ocean Drilling Program (DSDP/ODP) site 504, where it provides a constraint on the intensity and geometry of ridge flank hydrothermal circulation. We test the implications of this correlation with a hydrogeological model of the shallow crust that contains significant permeability mainly within a few thin layers (tens of meters thick) in the upper few hundred meters of basement, consistent with observations in DSDP/ODP holes into upper oceanic crust. These simulations are compared directly to others in which the same bulk permeability is represented more homogeneously within the upper crust. A model with thin permeable zones and subtle relief beneath a flat seafloor can explain the variations in seafloor heat flow observed on one part of the Juan de Fuca Ridge east flank, as can a model with a flat seafloor and basement top but relief within the most permeable zone. We explore the importance of layered heterogeneities versus explicit permeability anisotropy in these simulations through a series of parametric tests. Some form of permeability anisotropy appears to be required in order to achieve efficient lateral heat transport within the upper volcanic crust so as to produce the common seafloor heat flow-basement relief correlation. This permeability anisotropy may result directly from the primary architecture of the volcanic crust. Numerical results suggest that within an anisotropic system such as the upper oceanic crust, the length scale of heat flow variations (and therefore the length scale of underlying hydrothermal convection cells) is not an indication of the depth extent of fluid flow. Rather, the length scale of heat flow anomalies may reflect the length scale of relief along aquifer boundaries, while the depth of vigorous flow is constrained by the depth extent of significant permeability, and may be unresolvable with surface heat flow measurements.
Automated Refractors-1983

New automated refractors continue to be introduced as the economy improves and technology surges forward. In an attempt to evaluate the present instruments, a questionnaire was published and distributed this past year. Responses to the questionnaire are presented here, followed by brief descriptions of the instruments introduced since last year's summary article. 1 An updated list of instrument sources and prices is next. Current development trends are discussed, concluding with a look into the future.
Comment on Theeuwes and Riemersma's revisit of daytime running lights.

This article, by Williams and Farmer, comment on an article written by Theeuwes and Riersma critiquing a 1981 study on daytime running lights. They note that, in "Daytime Running Lights as a Vehicle Collision Countermeasure: The Swedish Evidence Reconsidered", Theeuwes and Riemersma (1995) provided a critique of a 1981 study on daytime running lights (DRLs) in Sweden, concluding that the data "fail to show a clear effect of DRL". The authors of this article comment on and take issue with Theeuwes and Riemersma's conclusions, and mention studies that show positive effects of DRLs in reducing crashes.
Potassium in bone: Evidence for a nonexchangeable fraction

Abstract Comparison of the specific activity of 42 K in bone and plasma provides direct evidence for the existence of nonexchangeable potassium in the skeleton of the human being and in the dog. Serial sampling suggested that the exchangeable fraction was exchanged within 24 hours. The determined stable potassium concentrations in bone are among the lowest published values and tend to minimize the phenomenon of nonexchanged potassium.
Direct simulation Monte Carlo modeling of metal vapor flows in application to thin film deposition

Abstract Thin films of metal for electronics, nano/microelectromechanical systems and optical coatings are often prepared by various vacuum deposition techniques. Modeling such metal vapor flows using methods such as the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) can aid in the design and analysis of deposition systems and accelerate development of films with desired properties. The determination of suitable variable hard sphere (VHS) molecular model parameters for DSMC simulations using measured growth rate distribution is demonstrated with aluminum vapor as an example. Axisymmetric DSMC simulations using a VHS model corresponding to a reference diameter of 0.8 nm and a viscosity-temperature exponent of 1 are shown to agree well with available experimental data. The model is then used in two-dimensional DSMC simulations to study the interaction of plumes from multiple sources. An expression for substrate mass flux assuming no interaction between sources agrees well with DSMC simulations for a mass flow rate of 0.1 g/min corresponding to a Knudsen number (Kn) of about 0.1. The non-additive interaction of plumes at a higher flow rate of 1 g/min corresponding to a Kn of about 0.01 results in a higher mass flux non-uniformity in the DSMC simulations which is not captured by the simplified analytical expression.