cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethnoarchaeological analysis of Arctic fish processing: chemical characterization of soils on Nelson Island, Alaska

Activity area analysis of archaeological soils using multi-element characterizations can illuminate how subsistence operations are organized and how subsistence behavior has changed over time, and is increasingly common at archaeological sites. However, in many regions it is impossible to examine the elemental signatures in known anthropogenic soil samples in order to compare them with unknown archaeological samples. This ethnoarchaeological study examines the chemical composition of the soils at known fish processing areas in the contemporary community of Tununak on Nelson Island, western Alaska. Using a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Q-ICP-MS), the concentrations of the following elements in the soil extract were recorded in parts per million (ppm): aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), strontium (Sr), titanium (Ti), and zinc (Zn). Fish processing area features are elevated in various elements, including sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and manganese, and Ba/Sr, Ba/ Ca, and Sr/Ca are also useful in distinguishing between fish processing areas and offsite areas.
Locomotor function of the pectoral girdle `muscular sling' in trotting dogs

In therian mammals, gravitational and locomotor forces are transferred between the forelimb and trunk primarily, or entirely, through the muscles that connect the limb and trunk. Our understanding of this force transmission is based on analyses of shoulder anatomy and on a handful of descriptive electromyographic studies. To improve our understanding, we manipulated the locomotor forces of trotting dogs and monitored the resulting change in recruitment of five extrinsic muscles of the forelimb: m. serratus ventralis thoracis, m. serratus ventralis cervicis, m. pectoralis superficialis transversus, the anterior portion of the m. pectoralis profundus, and m. rhomboideus thoracis. Locomotor forces were modified as the dogs trotted at constant speed on a motorized treadmill by (1) adding mass to the trunk, (2) inclining the treadmill so that the dogs ran up and down hill, (3) adding mass to the wrists and (4) applying horizontally directed force to the trunk through a leash. These experiments indicate that the thoracic portion of the serratus ventralis muscle is the main antigravity muscle of the shoulder during trotting in dogs. Its activity increased when we added mass to the trunk and also when we ran the subjects downhill. In contrast, the cervical portion of the serratus ventralis did not show a consistent increase in activity in response to added mass. Instead, its activity increased when we ran the subjects up hill and added mass to their wrists, suggesting that it functions to stabilize the fulcrum of the forelimb in the cranial-caudal direction during active retraction of the forelimb. The thoracic portion of the rhomboideus muscle also appears to provide this cranial-caudal stabilization during active retraction of the forelimb. The force manipulations indicate that the transverse pectoralis muscle acts to both protract and retract the forelimb, depending on the position of the limb. In contrast, the anterior portion of the pectoralis profundus muscle acts as a retractor of the forelimb during the end of swing phase and the beginning of support phase. We found that adding mass to the trunk did not increase the activity of forelimb retractor muscles, suggesting that the ground reaction force vector passes through, or very near, the fulcrum of the shoulder during a trotting step. Whether or not the functions of these extrinsic appendicular muscles in dogs characterize therian mammals or represent specializations for high-speed, economical running remains to be determined.
Developing a Multidisciplinary Weaning Unit Through Collaboration

To purchase reprints, contact The InnoVision Group, 101 Columbia, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656. Phone, (800) 809-2273 or (949) 362-2050 (ext 532); fax, (949) 362-2049; e-mail, reprints@aacn.org. institution. The resources required by these patients can greatly exceed the reimbursements for their diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). A 1992 study by Bach et al showed that charges associated with LTV patients in an ICU averaged between $22 190 and $66 000 per month. MacIntyre estimated that the cost of ventilator management was approximately $1000/day. At the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, the average total DRG reimbursement before adjustments for service intensity Developing a Multidisciplinary Weaning Unit Through Collaboration
Role of water and electrolyte influxes in anoxic plasma membrane disruption

The role of water and electrolyte influxes in anoxia-induced plasma membrane disruption was investigated using rabbit proximal tubule suspension. The results indicated that normal proximal tubule (...
High-skill return migration in the technology, medical, and academic sectors: the case of India and the USA

The concept of brain drain contends that the migration of highly skilled individuals benefits receiving countries at the expense of sending countries. Though research supports this concept, several cases have been documented whereby a mutually beneficial relationship evolved through the formation of transnational communities and return migration. The research presented herein seeks to understand the extent of the relationship between the sector of a service, transnational communities, and return migration through a case study of high-skill migration scenarios – including the information technology, medical services, and post-secondary education (academic) sectors. The study focuses on the migration relationship between India and the USA – one of the world's largest high-skill flows. To gain a rich understanding of the migration relationships, the field research is based on 50 personal interviews and 512 survey responses of high-skilled immigrants and subject matter experts across the USA in the three sectors.
Domain adaptation in sentiment analysis of Twitter

This paper focuses on performing Sentiment Analysis of Twitter by adapting data from other domains, commonly referred to as Domain Adaptation. While we show that Domain Adaptation is useful in predicting sentiments, we propose different techniques to select an out-of-domain data source that would aid in Sentiment Analysis. Additionally, we suggest two iterative algorithms based on Expectation-Maximization (EM) and Rocchio SVM that filter noisy data during adaptation and train only on valid data. Finally, we explore a couple of metrics, Mutual Information and Cosine distance to measure similarity between different domains of data. We use Twitter and Blippr as data sources and perform binary sentiment (positive and negative sentiments) classification.
Selective quantitation of microvessel density reveals sinusoidal expansion in myelodysplastic syndromes.

The microvessels of bone marrow encompass a complex network of specialized sinusoids and capillaries, which undergo poorly understood changes in the setting of malignancy. Quantitation of microvess...
The Impact of a School-Based Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Program on Absenteeism, Diarrhea, and Respiratory Infection: A Matched–Control Trial in Mali

We conducted a matched-control trial in Mali to assess the effectiveness of a comprehensive school-based water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) intervention on pupil absence, diarrhea, and respiratory infections. After completion of the intervention, data were collected from 100 beneficiary schools and 100 matched comparison schools in 5-6 sessions over a 14-month period. Data collection included roll calls to assess absenteeism and interviews with a subset of pupils to assess recent absence and disease symptoms. The odds of pupils being absent at roll call were 23% higher in beneficiary schools than in comparison schools (odds ratio [OR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 1.42). The odds of pupils reporting being absent due to diarrhea (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.94) or having had diarrhea (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.85) or respiratory infection symptoms (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.86) in the past week were lower in beneficiary schools compared with comparison schools. We found that a school-based WASH intervention can have a positive effect on reducing rates of illness, as well as absence due to diarrhea. However, we did not find evidence that these health impacts led to a reduction in overall absence. Higher absence rates are less likely attributable to the intervention than the result of an imbalance in unobserved confounders between study groups.
Processing Wikipedia Dumps: A Case-Study comparing the XGrid and MapReduce Approaches

We present a simple comparison of the performance measured as the total execution time taken to parse a 27-GByte XML dump of the English wikipedia on three different cluster platforms: Apple’s XGrid, and Hadoop the open-source version of Google’s MapReduce. We use a local hadoop cluster of Linux workstation, as well as an Elastic MapReduce cluster rented from Amazon. We show that for selected benchmark, XGrid yields the fastest execution time, with the local Hadoop cluster a close second. The overhead of fetching data from Amazon’s Simple Storage System (S3), along with the inability to skip the reduce, sort, and merge phases on Amazon penalizes this platform targetted for much larger data sets.
Using Fluorescent Proteins to Study Poxvirus Morphogenesis

Fluorescent protein (FP) fusions not only allow for the convenient visualization of a protein of -interest's subcellular localization but also permit the real-time monitoring of their subcellular trafficking. The subcellular fluorescent pattern of FP-fusions can also serve as a visual marker for various subcellular processes using either live or static microscopy. We have employed FP-fusions for the study of poxvirus morphogenesis. Fusion of FP with either a viral core protein or an extracellular virion-specific protein can serve as a visual read-out for normal poxvirus morphogenesis at the subcellular level. Recombinant viruses expressing a FP-fusion, in conjunction with the deletion of a gene involved in either morphogenesis or egress, usually display an aberrant FP pattern. Functional domains in the missing protein are then mapped by complementation in-trans followed by fluorescent microscopy for analysis of the FP pattern. The methods presented here describe how to infect and transfect cells for trans-complementation for the purpose of functional domain mapping. The imaging and analysis of these cells is described.
Progress on validity: the glass half full, the work half done

Describing a ‘lack of consensus’ and ‘a standoff’ (2015, p. 2), Newton and Shaw cast theoretical progress on validity as minimal. I see the collection of focal articles in this issue as much more e...
Law, Labor, and Ideology in the Early American Republic: The American conspiracy cases

In [England], the laws against combinations of journeymen to raise wages, have very lately been repealed. It was assuredly anything but even-handed justice, which made it an offence for journeymen to combine to raise their wages, while masters might combine with impunity for the purpose of lowering wages. Yet, in this country, in Philadelphia, in the Cordwainer's case, tried before Mr. Recorder Levy, and in a late case in New York, the principles of the English acts of Parliament were adopted, and journeymen were found guilty of entering into such a combination. Probably the spirit of those decisions would be construed in this country to extend to combinations for an opposite purpose, among masters. But all these legislations and decisions are needless: let the masters and the journeymen settle their own bargains, and they will settle them much sooner than a court of law; which ought not to be resorted to unless in cases of breach of contract.… If it be worth the while of those who have the labour to supply, or the money to give, to assent to the terms proposed, they will do so. If not, what greater tyranny can there be than to force them? Thomas Cooper, Lectures on the Elements of Political Economy During the first half of the nineteenth century, labor combinations in at least six American states – Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York, Louisiana, Massachusetts, and Virginia – were the subject of indictment and prosecution for criminal conspiracy, comprising twenty-three known cases.
Effort, luck, and voting for redistribution

Abstract We conduct an experiment to determine how the correspondence between economic rewards and effort, as opposed to luck, affects subjects' ex post voting over redistribution. We find that a large, statistically significant proportion of both high- and low-payoff voters are willing to vote contrary to their self-interest in favor of groups that exert proportionately more effort. We confirm these results in an additional, distinct sample. We also show that when subjects' own effort is greater than the group's average effort level, they exhibit greater self-interest in voting for redistribution compared to subjects whose effort is below average. Our results have implications for both understanding individual redistributive preferences and group voting behavior.
Case IX: Trauma 3

A 37-year-old male presents with an 8-month history of a left foot drop. This started immediately after an accident where a piece of glass lacerated the anterolateral aspect of the left upper leg. He was seen in a local emergency room, where the wound was washed out and the skin was closed, with a report of injured nerves and muscles, but no attempt was made to repair them. Since then he has had a left foot drop and 6/10 pain on the VAS. He underwent PT with no improvement. He is wearing a brace. PMH significant for hypertension, DVT, pulmonary embolism, and hernia repairs. FH positive for diabetes in the father and colon cancer in the mother. On examination, TA 0, EHL 0, extensor digitorum 0, eversion 0, the remaining muscle groups are 5/5. There is no sensation in the outer leg below the laceration or the dorsum of the foot. He has a Tinel’s sign over the previous scar.
On source and channel codes for multiple inputs and outputs: does multiple description beat space time?

We compare two strategies for lossy source description across a pair of unreliable channels. In the first strategy, we use a broadcast channel code to achieve a different rate for each possible channel realization, and then use a multiresolution source code to describe the source at the resulting rates. In the second strategy, we use a channel coding strategy for two independent channels coupled with a multiple description source code. In each case, we choose the coding parameters to minimize the expected end-to-end distortion in the source reconstruction. We demonstrate that in point-to-point communication across a pair of non-ergodic channels, multiple description coding can provide substantial gains relative to multiresolution and broadcast coding. We then investigate this comparison in a simple MIMO channel. We demonstrate the inferior performance of space time coding with multiresolution source coding and broadcast channel coding relative to multiple description codes and a time sharing channel coding strategy. These results indicate that for non-ergodic channels, the traditional definition of channel capacity does not necessarily lead to the best channel code from the perspective of end-to-end source distortion.
The new VW passat

In six generations, the Passat has become the benchmark in its class. This success is due to the sum of its product properties as well as its quality and precision. The current seventh series of model year 2011, the B7, features fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly powertrains - one diesel engine even already complies with the Euro 6 Category N emissions standard -, as well as a high level of functional comfort and numerous driver assistance systems. For the first time, Dynamic Light Assist for glare-free driving is being introduced in this vehicle segment.
Transplantation in a patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with infective endocarditis, pericarditis and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Abstract Heart failure patients with pacemaker or defibrillator-associated endocarditis in cardiogenic shock have few treatment options. We present a case of an INTERMACS I patient who developed device infection, sepsis, bacterial pericarditis and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. The patient was stabilized with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and successfully transplanted.
Spatial variation of parasite infracommunities in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

Abstract Parasites were harvested from lungs and gastrointestinal tracts of Alligator mississippiensis from Texas. We compared our results with previous parasitism findings from alligators harvested in 2011 in Louisiana and Florida. Florida alligators exhibited the greatest pentastomid prevalence and mean intensity and illustrated higher stomach prevalence and intensity than other locations. Prevalence and mean intestinal parasitism of western Louisiana alligators differed significantly from other locations. Collectively, 14 species of trematodes and 7 species of nematodes were identified among Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. Differences in the parasite infracommunity structure across the alligators' geographic range likely reflects abiotic-biotic variation among the hosts' environment.
Arctigenin inhibits prostate tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo

Summary The low bioavailability of most phytochemicals limits their translation to humans. We investigated whether arctigenin, a novel anti-inflammatory lignan from the seeds of Arctium lappa, has favorable bioavailability/potency against prostate cancer. The anticarcinogenic activity of arctigenin was investigated both in vitro using the androgen-sensitive LNCaP and LAPC-4 human prostate cancer cells and pre-malignant WPE1-NA22 cells, and in vivo using xenograft mouse models. Arctigenin at lower doses (
Taxonomy for Education and Training in Clinical Neuropsychology: past, present, and future.

AbstractObjective: Historically, the clinical neuropsychology training community has not clearly or consistently defined education or training opportunities. The lack of consistency has limited students’ and trainees’ ability to accurately assess and compare the intensity of neuropsychology-specific training provided by programs. To address these issues and produce greater ‘truth in advertising’ across programs, CNS, with SCN’s Education Advisory Committee (EAC), ADECN, AITCN, and APPCN constructed a specialty-specific taxonomy, namely, the Taxonomy for Education and Training in Clinical Neuropsychology. The taxonomy provides consensus in the description of training offered by doctoral, internship, and postdoctoral programs, as well as at the post-licensure stage. Although the CNS approved the taxonomy in February 2015, many programs have not adopted its language. Increased awareness of the taxonomy and the reasons behind its development and structure, as well as its potential benefits, are warranted. Met...
Less workup, longer treatment, but no clinical benefit observed in women with diabetes and acute cystitis.

Abstract Aims There is a lack of evidence on the optimal approach for treating acute cystitis in women with diabetes. We performed an outpatient database study to compare management of women with and without diabetes and to assess the effect of treatment duration on early and late recurrence. Methods We used the EPIC Clarity database (electronic medical record system) to identify all female patients aged ≥18 years with acute cystitis in two family medicine clinics and a urology department. An index case was defined as the first cystitis episode during the study period (2011–2014) with follow-up data of at least 12 months. Recurrence was defined as a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) episode, plus a new prescription for an antibiotic, between 6 and 29 days (early), or between 30 days and 12 months (late). Results We included 2327 visits for cystitis representing 1845 unique patients. Women with diabetes and acute cystitis were less likely to receive urinary tests to work up cystitis, and received significantly longer treatment courses of antibiotics. There was a higher risk of early recurrence in women with treatment duration >5 days (odds ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.07–4.41) in multivariate analyses. Longer treatment was not associated with late UTI recurrence. Presence of diabetes, and Charlson comorbidity score were independent determinants of late recurrence. Conclusions Longer treatment of cystitis was not associated with lower recurrence rates. This calls into question whether many episodes of diabetic cystitis may be managed with a short course of antibiotics, as for uncomplicated disease.
Excitation and Ionization of Chloride, Iodide, Bromide and Sodium in Water Clusters

In this paper we summarize recent ab initio calculations on halide ions in small water clusters. For most clusters the halide ion exists on the outside as a surface state but there is some evidence for the larger clusters that the interior state may be important. Studies of energy, vibrational spectra and vertical ionization energies are compared with experimental data; ionizational energies are the most information. Because the charge density at the halide changes with cluster size could limit molecular dynamics studies in these systems. Comparisons are also made with older studies on sodium water and negatively charged water clusters.
Fertility and cancer: Understanding the barriers to accessing information and resources.

116Background: Some cancer treatments may lead to infertility in individuals diagnosed during their reproductive years. Infertility can affect a cancer survivor’s long-term quality of life by causi...
Metal Diffusion Bonded Transducers for Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS)

Ultrasonic transducers for Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) need to be produced in a variety of sizes and designs in order to optimize the signals, minimize the effect on the object being measured and deal with odd shaped objects, limited access, and different environments. [1] This continuous requirement to build new transducers for different projects led to the construction technique shown in fig. 1. A piezoelectric element, selected according to the frequency range which is to be covered and the size of the sample, is glued to both an inertial backload and a support, usually a metallized kapton (plastic) diaphragm. Electrical connections to the piezoelectric element are also made with thin metallized kapton with a signal connection glued between the piezo element and the backload and a ground connection made via the diaphragm at the front.
Coupling Lead Isotopes and Element Concentrations in Epiphytic Lichens to Track Sources of Air Emissions in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region

Abstract A study was conducted that coupled use of element concentrations and lead (Pb) isotope ratios in the lichen Hypogymnia physodes collected during 2002 and 2008, to assess the impacts of air emissions from the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR, Canada) mining and processing operations. The lichens selected from the 2002 data set were from 15 samples sites collected on an N–S and E–W grid centered between the oil sands processing sites. The lichens selected for analysis in 2008 were collected using a stratified, nested circular grid approach radiating away from the oil sands processing sites, and included 121 sampling sites as far as 150 km from the mining and processing operations. Spatial analysis indicates three main element groupings including a geogenic source (aluminum and others) related to oil sands mining, an oil processing source (vanadium and others), and a grouping that is likely related to biogeochemical processes (manganese and others). An exponential decrease in concentration of the geogenic grouping of elements versus distance from the mining sites was found, whereas near source concentrations of elements typically associated with oil processing are more homogeneous spatially than the geogenic elements. The mining and oil processing related element groupings are superimposed over the elemental signature that reflects lichen biogeochemical processes. The ranges in Pb isotope ratios were similar in 2002 and 2008, suggesting that sources of Pb accumulated by the lichens did not change substantially between 2002 and 2008. The Pb isotope ratios from lichens collected beyond 50 km from the mining and processing sites cluster into a grouping with a 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ratio of 0.8650 and a 208 Pb/ 206 Pb ratio near 2.095. This grouping likely reflects the regional background Pb isotope ratio signature. The lowering of the 207 Pb/ 206 Pb and 208 Pb/ 206 Pb ratios near the mining and processing operations indicates that other Pb sources, likely related to the oil sands mining and processing, are contributing to the Pb source signature. This assessment was confirmed through the analysis of source and stack samples. The Pb isotope ratios were a better predictor of the extent of the source contribution than the element concentrations because the Pb isotope ratios are not affected by either the metabolic processing of elements by the lichens or by moisture related controls on atmospheric deposition processes at the collection sites. The main goals for this project to determine (i) the efficacy of using Pb isotopes to assist in identifying the sources of atmospherically deposited air pollutants in the AOSR and (ii) whether coupling Pb isotopes with elemental concentrations can help to elucidate the causes for spatial differences in the accumulation of elements by epiphytic lichens in relation to emission sources were successful. An approach that couples Pb isotopes, spatial analysis, and element concentrations is recommended for future source attribution studies in the AOSR.
Transverse fatigue crack propagation behavior in equine cortical bone

Stress fractures stem from the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks through bone, and fatigue damage may play a role in many other orthopaedic problems, such as hip fractures in the elderly. The objective of this investigation was to measure fatigue crack propagation rates in cortical bone. Specific aims were to determine fatigue crack growth rate, da/dN, as a function of alternating stress intensity factor, ΔK, for equine third metacarpal cortical bone tissue; to determine whether the resulting data followed the Paris law; and to test the hypothesis that crack growth rates differ between dorsal and lateral regions. Compact type specimens oriented for transverse crack growth were subjected to fatigue under Mode I loading. The da/dN vs. ΔK data for the dorsal specimens revealed a Paris law exponent of 10.4 (R2 = 0.82), comparable to that for ceramics. These data also exhibited an apparent threshold stress intensity factor of 2.0 MPa · m1/2. It was not possible to obtain similar results for lateral specimens because all cracks deviated from the desired transverse path and ran longitudinally in spite of the use of side grooves to constrain the crack path. However, the results for lateral specimens were not due to a failure of the test method, but reflect dramatic differences in fatigue crack propagation resistance between the two cortical regions. These results are consistent with clinical observations that stress fractures in the third metacarpus typically occur in the mid-diaphysis of the dorsal cortex, but not in the lateral cortex.
Examining the Bidirectional Associations between Adolescents’ Disclosure, Parents’ Solicitation, and Adjustment Problems among Non-Hispanic White and Hispanic Early Adolescents

Research indicates that parents’ solicitation and adolescents’ disclosure of information are negatively associated with adjustment problems (depressive symptoms and conduct problems). However, few studies examine the bidirectional associations between these variables with early adolescents in the United States or the race/ethnic group differences in these bidirectional associations. We examined cross-lagged associations and race/ethnic group differences between parents’ solicitation, adolescents’ disclosure and adjustment problems among 209 non-Hispanic White (61.2%) and Hispanic (38.8%) early adolescents (67.5% female) across a 1-year period. The findings indicated that adolescents’ disclosure was negatively associated with subsequent depressive symptoms, while parents’ solicitation was positively associated with subsequent depressive symptoms. No significant race/ethnic group differences were indicated. Family-based interventions should encourage adolescents to disclose information to parent(s) due to its promotive capabilities.
Comparison of periprocedural and mid-term stroke rates and outcomes between surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve replacement patients.

BACKGROUND We compared stroke occurrence and outcomes between Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), both periprocedural and at follow-up. METHODS From March 2012 to December 2014, 391 consecutive patients underwent TAVR (N.=290) or isolated SAVR (N.=101), concomitantly. Patients' data were prospectively collected. RESULTS TAVR patients had more comorbidities. One (0.34%) TIA and 9 (3.11%) strokes occurred in-hospital following TAVR, but no cerebrovascular event occurred after SAVR (P=0.11). One stroke (0.99%) and one TIA (0.99%) were detected in SAVR group within 30 days. Among TAVR patients, one (0.75%) stroke at 6 months, 2 (1.9%) strokes and 2 (1.9%) TIAs at 12 months were diagnosed. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that 96% and 99% 12-month CVA free survival following TAVR and SAVR, respectively (P=0.67). Preoperative mean trans-aortic valve systolic pressure gradient higher than 40 mmHg remained as risk factor for stroke in TAVR patients only, OR: 4.48 (CI: 1.2-16.54, P=0.02). One intraoperative death, and 5 (4 with CVA) in-hospital deaths occurred after TAVR; whereas only one patient died in SAVR group (P=0.49). Thirty-day mortality was 3.8% (11/290) for TAVR and 0.99% (1/101) for SAVR patients. SAVR patients' survival was 99% at 6 months, 97.9% at 12, and 96.4% at 24 months, whereas survival in TAVR was 97.5% at 6, 92% at 12, and 73.6% at 24 months (HR: 8.43 (CI: 2.47-28.73), P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Even with significant differences in patients' baseline characteristics; in-hospital and mid-term stroke rates are not significantly higher following TAVR than SAVR. Although periprocedural stroke is not uncommon in TAVR, mid-term stroke rate is low.
What is the Psychological Appeal of the Serial Rapist Model? Worldviews Predicting Endorsement

The serial rapist model (Lisak, 2011) claims that a small number of intentional, repeat offenders are responsible for the majority of sexual assaults on college campuses. The model has formed the dominant argument for some of the most popular forms of campus intervention programs and is cited by high profile advocates and policymakers. Despite enthusiasm for the serial rapist model, it is not empirically well-supported and is contradicted by recent robust data. In this paper we ask: why does the serial rapist model have such broad and enduring appeal? In two US-based samples, one convenience and one representative, we find that people’s endorsement of the serial rapist model correlates with worldviews that cohere around ideas of a just and good status quo, and a preference for simple stories. Specifically, we find a positive relationship between endorsement of the serial rapist model and belief in a just world, system justification, social dominance orientation, need for closure, and essentialism.
Objeto étnico de pesquisa na comunidade para fomentar a aprendizagem interétnica

In this paper, I describe a diversity and social justice education project, in which my pre-service students conduct an ethnic object research in Tucson, Arizona. The conceptual framework for engaging students with the object research draws from three interrelated theoretical backgrounds: the contact zone (PRATT, 1991), social objects (ENGESTROM, 2005), and Relational Aesthetics (BOURRIAUD, 2002). Through this project, students were engaged in dialogues and interaction with individuals and groups of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds in the community, which helped them break out of their own social comfort zones. The learning outcome of this project includes: overcoming interethnic social anxiety, challenging misconceptions and stereotypes, self-reflective learning, and developing empathy.
Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) Complexes of N -(2-Hydroxybenzamido)phthalimide

Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes with N-(2-hydroxybenzamido)phthalimide (LH2) were synthesized and studied by IR, electron absorption, EPR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. In the case of Cu(II) ions, binuclear Cu2L2 complexes are formed, in which the ligand acts as a dianion, while Co(II) and Ni(II) ions form M(LH)2 complexes.
Chapter 36 – A Multi-targeted Approach to Treating Bone Metastases

Publisher Summary There is a need for continued therapeutic development based on multi-targeted therapy against the bone microenvironment. Metastatic cancer in the skeleton is the result of a complex interplay between the cancer cells themselves and the bone microenvironment resulting in a heterogeneous disease that induces a combination of osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions. The pathogenesis of bone metastases includes interactions between the cancer cells and osteoclasts, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, stromal cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells, cells of the immune system, and the bone matrix. A paradigm shift from an initial treatment strategy that primarily targets the tumor cell directly, i.e. traditional chemotherapy, to new therapies that exploit the interactions and contributions of the various cells and elements of surrounding microenvironment to the development of the metastatic lesions is now being explored and already exploited to improve the lives of cancer patients living with skeletal metastases.
Pelvic Anastomosis Without Protective Ileostomy is Safe in Patients Treated with Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy

During cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC), surgeons are reluctant to perform unprotected pelvic anastomosis despite lack of supporting data. We analyzed pelvic anastomosis outcomes and factors that influence ostomy creation in CRS/HIPEC patients. A single-center, descriptive study of patients with rectal resection during CRS/HIPEC was conducted using a prospective database. Surgical variables were reviewed. Multinomial logistic regression of outcomes (end or protective ostomy) was performed with pre- and intraoperative factors as predictors. Overall, 274 of 789 CRS/HIPEC patients underwent rectal resection, including 243 (89%) with pelvic anastomosis [232 (85%) without ostomy, 11 (4%) with protective ileostomy] and 31 (11%) with no anastomosis [16 (6%) with end colostomy, 15 (5%) with end ileostomy]. The median age was 57 and 29% (79) were male. Of 243 pelvic anastomosis patients, 3 (1.2%) had rectal anastomotic leaks, including 1 with a protective ileostomy. Other anastomotic leaks occurred in 3.6%. Overall, 13% had Clavien-Dindo complications ≥ IIIB and the readmission rate was 30%. Mortality at 30 days and 100 days was 0.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Male gender and primary rectal cancer were associated with protective ileostomy [odds ratio (OR) = 7.01, 95% CI: 1.6–31.5, p = 0.011, and OR = 16.4, 95% CI: 3–88.4, p = 0.001, respectively). Male gender and prior pelvic surgery were associated with end colostomy (OR = 13.9, 95% CI: 3.7–53, p < 0.0001, and OR = 17.2, 95% CI: 3.8–78.6, p < 0.0001). Pelvic bowel reconstruction without protective or end ostomy during CRS/HIPEC is safe. Protective ileostomy is associated with male gender and primary rectal cancer. End colostomy is associated with male gender and prior pelvic surgery.
Effect of Bank Mergers on the Price and Availability of Mortgage Credit

We examine the effect of bank mergers on the price and availability of credit in the residential mortgage market. We find that, compared to non-acquiring banks in the same local market, acquiring banks that gain large market shares charge significantly higher interest rates but also lend larger amounts on non-agency mortgages in the years following the acquisition, and these effects vary significantly across prime, Alt-A and subprime loans. The corresponding effects for mortgages sold to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are economically insignificant. Acquiring banks also increase approval rates for conventional mortgage applications but this effect is weaker for low-income, black and Hispanic applicants; and decrease approval rates for FHA mortgage applications, especially for low-income and non-white applicants.
Pre-crastination: time uncertainty increases walking effort

In many circumstances, humans walk in a manner that approximately minimizes energy cost. Here, we performed human subject experiments to examine how having a time constraint affects the speeds at which humans walk. First, we measured subjects9 preferred walking speeds to travel a given distance in the absence of any time constraints. Then, we asked subjects to travel the same distance under different time constraints. That is, they had to travel the given distance within the time duration provided -- they can arrive early, but not late. Under these constraints, subjects systematically arrived earlier than necessary. Surprisingly, even when the time duration provided was large enough to walk at their unconstrained preferred speeds, subjects walked systematically faster than their unconstrained preferred speed. We propose that this faster-than-energy optimal speeds may be due to human uncertainty in time estimation. We show that a model assuming that humans perform stochastic optimal feedback control to arrive on time with high probability while minimizing expected energy costs predicts walking speeds higher than energy optimal, as observed in experiment.
Predicting Outcomes in a Sequence of Binary Events: Belief Updating and Gambler’s Fallacy Reasoning

We report on six experiments studying participants’ predictions of the next outcome in a sequence of binary events. Participants faced one of three mechanisms generating 18 sequences of 8 events: a random mechanical bingo cage, an intentional goal-directed actor, and a financial market. We systematically manipulated participants’ beliefs about the base rate probabilities at which different types of outcomes were generated by each mechanism. Participants either faced unknown (ambiguous) base rates, a specified distribution of three equiprobable base rates, or a precise, stationary base rate. Six target sequences ended in streaks of between two and seven identical outcomes. We focused on participants’ predictions of the ninth, unobserved outcome in each of these target sequences. Across all generating mechanisms and prior belief conditions, the most common prediction pattern was best described as close-to-rational belief updating, producing an increasingly strong bias toward repetition of streaks. The exception to this generalization was for sequences generated by a random mechanical bingo cage with a precise, stationary base rate of .50. Under these conditions, participants exhibited a bias toward reversal of streaks. This effect was irrational, given our instructions on the nature of the generator. We conclude that the dominant judgment habit when predicting outcomes of sequences of binary events is reasonable belief updating. We review alternate accounts for the anomalous judgments of sequences produced by random mechanical devices with a precise, stationary base rate.
Impacts of 2012 update to the AGS beers criteria on potentially inappropriate antipsychotic medication use among older adults

Abstract Background The 2012 update of the American Geriatric Society's (AGS) Beers Criteria addended a list of antipsychotics. This study examined whether this update was associated with potentially inappropriate antipsychotic medication (PIAM) use among the elderly. Methods This study included multi-year (2006–2018) data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Using a difference-in-differences model, the PIAM use patterns were examined among older adults (aged 65 and older) between pre and post 2012 using near-elderly (aged 50–64) as a control group. The study sample includes individuals aged 50 and older who had filled psychotropic medications during 2006–2018 (N = 20,422). Measures The newly added antipsychotics in the 2012 Beers Criteria was used to identify PIAM. Outcomes include: 1) A binary indicator of whether the individual filled PIAM at least once during a given year; and 2) The total number of PIAM prescriptions filled by each individual during the same period of time. Results After adjustment for confounding, the likelihood of using PIAMs declined significantly more in the elderly than in the near-elderly group (AOR=0.77, p-value=0.038). In pre and post comparisons, no significant reduction was found in the total number of PIAM prescription fills. Conclusions The update of AGS Beers Criteria was associated with the reduction in the prevalence of PIAM use among older adults. However, no reduction in the total number of PIAM prescription fills was found once the elderly initiated a PIAM treatment. This suggests a need for clinical and policy efforts to control overall PIAM consumption particularly among the elderly PIAM users.
Longitudinal Comparison of Stability and Sensitivity in Quality of Life Scores Among Nursing Home Residents With and Without Diagnoses of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.

Background and Objectives Prevalence of nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) has increased along with a growing consensus that person-centered ADRD care in nursing homes should maximize quality of life (QoL). However, concerns about whether residents with ADRD can make appropriate QoL judgments persist. This study assesses the stability and sensitivity of a self-reported, multidomain well-being QoL measure for nursing home residents with and without ADRD. Research Design and Methods This study linked the 2012-2015 Minnesota Nursing Home Resident QoL and Satisfaction with Care Survey, Minimum Data Set 3.0 (nursing home assessments), and Minnesota Department of Human Services Cost Reports. The QoL survey included cohort-resident pairs who participated for 2 consecutive years (N = 12 949; 8 803 unique residents from 2012-2013, 2013-2014, and 2014-2015 cohorts). Change in QoL between 2 years was conceptualized as stable when within 1.5 SD of the sample average. We used linear probability models to estimate associations of ADRD/Cognitive Function Scale status with the stability of QoL summary and domain scores (eg, social engagement) and the absolute change in QoL summary score, controlling for resident and facility characteristics. Results Most (86.82%) residents had stable QoL summary scores. Residents with moderate to severe cognitive impairment, irrespective of ADRD, were less likely to have stable summary scores than cognitively capable residents without ADRD (p < .001), but associations varied by QoL domains. Among those with stable summary QoL scores, changes in health/functional status were associated with absolute changes in summary QoL score (p < .001), suggesting sensitivity of the QoL measure. Discussion and Implications QoL scores were similarly stable over time for most residents with and without ADRD diagnoses and were sensitive to changes in health/functional status. This self-reported QoL measure may be appropriate for nursing home residents, regardless of ADRD diagnosis, and can efficaciously be recommended to other states.
Integration of high permittivity BaTiO3 with AlGaN/GaN for near-theoretical breakdown field kV-class transistors

In this Letter, we discuss AlGaN/GaN HEMTs integrated with high permittivity BaTiO3 dielectric to enable enhanced breakdown characteristics. We show that using high permittivity BaTiO3 dielectric layers in the gate and drain access regions prevents premature gate breakdown, leading to average breakdown fields exceeding 3 MV/cm at a gate-to-drain spacing of 4 μm. The higher breakdown fields enable a high power figure of merit above 2.4 GW/cm2 in devices with a gate-to-drain spacing of 6 μm. This work demonstrates that electrostatic engineering using high-permittivity dielectrics can enable AlGaN/GaN HEMTs in approaching the material breakdown field limits.
Influences on Diet and Stress Across Space and Time

Health behaviors may be significantly influenced by contexts across both space and time. In the case of temporal context, for example, in 1977–1978 the average caloric intake in Americans aged 2 yr and older was estimated at 1791 kcal/d after adjusting for age group, sex, education level, race/ethnicity, household size, region, urban classification, and % poverty. By 1994–1996, the same statistic had grown to 1985 kcal/d, with significant increases in caloric intakes being observed across all age groups (Nielsen, Siega-Riz, & Popkin, 2002). Spatial context also appears to matter for health outcomes. For instance, the prevalence of low birthweight varies dramatically according to place of residence, even among genetically similar populations. The distribution of birthweights among infants of US-born black women has been shown to differ significantly (i.e., with a significantly lower mean and higher prevalences of low-birthweight babies) from the distributions for African-born black women and US-born white women (Fig. 1). Such marked variations within population subgroups suggest the presence of the effects of physical and/or social contexts on individual health over pure genetic/biological explanations.
The Reintroduction of Ethics to Eighteenth-Century Literary Studies

The 1980s and 1990s witnessed a ‘turn to ethics’ in literary criticism in general and in criticism of the literature of the long 18th century in particular. Wayne Booth’s The Company We Keep was instrumental in turning our attention to the relationship between books and readers, a relationship that he figured as a ‘friendship’ with the kinds of ethical demands that attend all friendships. A highly regarded work, Company influenced subsequent studies, such as my Character and Consciousness in Eighteenth-Century Comic Fiction, but it was not until critics such as Melvyn New and Donald Wehrs began to situate literary analysis in terms drawn from the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas that ‘ethical criticism’ of the field would become an identifiable ‘school’ of 18th-century studies. Building on, but diverging from, the political emphases of race, class, and gender, ethical critics insist on the ‘otherness’ of the text and its resistance to our ideologies and assumptions. My Women Novelists and the Ethics of Desire, for example, reads the works of women writers as statements of ethical agency rather than as evidence of political objectification. Edward Tomarken’s Genre and Ethics similarly attends to the voices of literary works in their own contexts, meeting them face-to-face (in Levinasian terms) before asking questions regarding political implications or assumptions. The ‘turn to ethics’ is not a turn away from politics, however, for the impact of the ethical encounter will have real-world consequences. Therefore, ecocriticism and disability studies are likely to become growth areas in 18th-century ethical readings in the near future as these concerns surfaced in the period itself and are two subjects that dominate our own social, political, and ethical lives as well.