cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A class of differential games with two pursuers versus one evader

A class of differential games with two pursuers versus one evader is investigated for Nash equilibrium solutions. The solutions show that the state space can be partitioned into the following three regions: 1) the evader, E , plays a two-player, nonzero-sum differential game against one of the two pursuers, P , and ignores the other pursuer, Q ; 2) the evader plays a two-player, nonzero-sum differential game against Q and ignores P ; and 3) the evader plays against both of the pursuers. A specific example is examined to illustrate how the theory can be applied.
RHIC third generation PLL tune system

During the RHIC 2000 run a prototype PLL tune measurement system was implemented using commercial off-the-shelf hardware. To meet the requirements for tune feedback during RHIC 2001/2002, this system was migrated into RHIC BPM modules, whose flexible DSP/FPGA architecture permitted the specialized processing needed for tune tracking and feedback during acceleration, and whose existing firewire interface provided communication with the Control System. For RHIC 2003 this system has migrated yet again, to state-of-the-art DSPs in VME. We report here on various improvements, extending from the pickup through the analog electronics and digital processing into the Controls interface, and on the performance gains that resulted from these improvements.
Opportunistic interference cancellation for MIMO systems

A novel protocol design across the physical and MAC layers of a multiple antenna station (MIMO station) called MIMO-IC (multiple-input-multiple-output interference cancellation) is proposed to address the co-channel interference problem between the single antenna stations (SISO stations) and the MIMO stations. MIMO-IC enables MIMO stations to cancel interference to and from the neighboring SISO stations opportunistically so that two MIMO stations may establish a link between them along with an existing SISO link within the same contention floor without causing interference between the two links. The simulation results show that both the link throughput and the latency between two MIMO stations are improved significantly as the number of active SISO stations increases within the contention floor while the throughput of the SISO links remains unaffected. A null-forming prototype is developed using commercially available 802.11n silicon to show that the interference can be attenuated by 15 dB for a static channel and by 12 dB for a dynamic channel at 10 km/hr.
Flux-corrected pseudospectral method for scalar hyperbolic conservation laws

Abstract The pseudospectral method has under-used advantages in problems involving shocks and discontinuities. These emerge from superior accuracy in phase and group velocities as compared to finite difference schemes of all orders. Dispersion curves for finite difference schemes suggest that group velocity error typically outranks Gibbs' error as a cause of numerical oscillation. A flux conservative form of the pseudospectral method is derived for compatibility with flux limiters used to preserve monotonicity. The resulting scheme gives high quality results in linear advection and shock formation/propagation examples.
GROUP THERAPY AS TREATMENT FOR DEPRESSED LATINO WOMEN: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Group therapy has been recommended as a treatment for depression among Latino women. Thus, the literature published between 1980 and 2004 was systematically reviewed to explore cultural and therapeutic factors relevant to group therapy for depressed Latino women. The specific aims were to: (1) determine the type of studies on this topic, (2) identify successful forms of group therapy for this population, (3) identify therapeutic factors to consider while dealing with this population in group therapy, and (4) explore guidelines for conducting culturally sensitive groups for this population. Cognitive behavioral group therapy is recommended, yet few experimental studies have explored culturally relevant variations of this treatment. Culturally relevant therapeutic factors were mentioned in all studies.
Alterations in morning cortisol associated with PTSD in women with breast cancer

Objective: Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer can be a stressful experience, putting women at risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study investigated morning cortisol levels in newly diagnosed (i.e., within 6 months) breast cancer patients. Methods: Structured DSM-IV interviews determined current and past incidence of PTSD and major depressive disorder (MDD) in 71 women with Stage 0–3 breast cancer. Results: Significantly decreased plasma cortisol was found in women meeting current or lifetime criteria for PTSD or past diagnosis of MDD.Conclusions: These results reinforce the importance for both psychological and physiological outcomes of a clinical evaluation of both current and past psychiatric status in newly diagnosed cancer patients.
Do the calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclases play a role in neuroplasticity?

Evidence from invertebrate systems including Aplysia and Drosophila, as well as studies carried out with mammalian brain, suggests that Ca2+-sensitive adenylyl cyclases may be important for long-term synaptic changes and learning and memory. Furthermore, some forms of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus elevate cyclic AMP (cAMP) signals, and activation of adenylyl cyclases and cAMP-dependent protein kinase may be required for late stages of LTP. We propose that long-term changes in neurons and at synapses may require synergism between the cAMP and Ca2+ signal transduction systems which regulates transcription and synthesis of specific proteins required for long-term synaptic changes. During LTP, protein kinase C is activated and intraccllular Ca2+ increases. We hypothesize that the calmodulin (CaM)-regulated adenylyl cyclases may be activated during LTP because of increases in intracellular Ca2+, release of free CaM from neuromodulin, activation by protein kinase C, release of neurotransmitters, or a combination of these events. Synergistic activation of CaM-sensitive adenylyl cyclases may produce a robust or prolonged cAMP signal required for transcriptional control. Furthermore, the coupling of the Ca2+ and cAMP systems may provide positive feedback regulation of Ca2+ channels by cAMP-dependent protein kinase
Improving Newspapers’ Economic Prospects by Augmenting Their Contributions to Democracy:

Newspapers confront an acute dilemma: how to give citizens more of what they need in a democracy—more than citizens now know enough to demand in the marketplace. The more news production strays from the core function of enhancing democracy, the more potential consumers learn they have little reason to invest their free time consuming serious political journalism. So they don’t, and newspapers and the stock market continue redirecting their resources. To counter this, industry observers have been urging non-profit business models. Yet even in this scenario, maintaining their watchdog function requires newspapers to support staffs large enough to investigate the powerful. Therefore, this essay argues, even a non-profit newspaper industry should still pursue mass audiences. Building on a synthesis of scholarly findings, this article suggests ways of doing political journalism that respond to changing audience interests and ever-growing alternatives to traditional daily newspapers—while remaining true to the ...
Shared Strategies in Gene Organization among Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Although genes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are transcribed and translated by very different mechanisms, they may be organized in their respective chromosomes in surprisingly similar ways. Here, I examine common modes of maintaining nonrandom gene organization in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the different ways these organizations have likely arisen, and classes of organization that may be unique to one group or the other.
Pretransplant MELD Score As a Predictor of Outcome After Liver Transplantation for Chronic Hepatitis C

The Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, an accurate predictor of mortality in patients awaiting liver transplantation (OLTX), did not predict graft or patient survival in the post-transplant setting. Our aim was to test the model in patients who underwent OLTX for chronic hepatitis C. Two hundred and eighty-seven adult patients who underwent primary OLTX for chronic hepatitis C between December 1993 and September 1999 were studied from a prospectively maintained database. The group was stratified by MELD scores of less than 15, 15–24, and greater than 24. Patient survival, graft survival, and interval liver biopsy pathology were reviewed. Both patient and graft survival at 3, 6, and 12 months were significantly lower in the higher MELD score groups, as was patient survival at 24 months (p-values, 0.01–0.05). The difference in survival between the low, medium, and high MELD score groups increases in time. The survival without bridging fibrosis in the allograft at 1 year post-transplant was significantly lower with higher MELD scores (p = 0.037). The decrease in survival seen in hepatitis C patients with MELD scores greater than 24 raises questions of transplant suitability for these patients. Therapeutic modalities to decrease post-transplant graft injury in these patients should be explored.
Reduced hepatic eNOS phosphorylation is associated with NAFLD and type 2 diabetes progression and is prevented by daily exercise in hyperphagic OLETF rats

We tested the hypothesis that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with reduced hepatic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation status via S1177 phosphorylation (p-eNO...
WindSat calibration and geophysical parameter estimation

Three aspects of WindSat performance are presented. (1). End-to-end system calibration is tested by comparisons between WindSat measurements and a robust model of the Earth TB using the vicarious cold reference method. (2). In an effort to determine probable causes for any calibration biases or scale errors that are identified, a refined Antenna Pattern Correction algorithm has been developed that includes main reflector aperture illumination and edge diffraction effects, in addition to the feed spillover effects that are already accounted for in WindSat's nominal flight processing algorithm. (3). A wind vector retrieval algorithm has been developed that is based on an empirical geophysical model function relating the four Stokes components of ocean surface emissivity to wind speed and direction. In order to implement an emissivity-based retrieval, decomposition of the radiative transfer equation is performed into surface and atmospheric contributions
On The Security of Mobile Cockpit Information Systems

Recent trends in aviation have led many general aviation pilots to adopt the use of iPads (or other tablets) in the cockpit. While initially used to display static charts and documents, uses have expanded to include live data such as weather and traffic information that is used to make flight decisions. Because the tablet and any connected devices are not a part of the onboard systems, they are not currently subject to the software reliability standards applied to avionics. In this paper, we create a risk model for electronic threats against mobile cockpit information systems and evaluate three such systems popular with general aviation pilots today: The Appareo Stratus 2 receiver with the ForeFlight app, the Garmin GDL~39 receiver with the Garmin Pilot app, and the SageTech Clarity CL01 with the WingX Pro7 app. We found all three to be vulnerable, allowing an attacker to manipulate information presented to the pilot, which in some scenarios would lead to catastrophic outcomes. Finally, we provide recommendations for securing such systems.
Mechanism of the Zn64(n, p)Cu64 reaction at incident neutron energies of 8 and 14 MeV

The Zn/sup 64/(n,p)Cu/sup 64/ reaction was studied at incident neutron energies of 8 and l4 Mev. These experiments were part of an investigation of the adequacy of the statistical model concept of the compound nucleus to describe interactions when complex nuclei are bombarded by neutrons at energies in the region of nuclear binding energies. The spectral and spatial distributions of most of the protons indicated that the compound-nucleus hypothesis may be satisfied. The high-energy proton distributions are in sharp contrast with the predictions of the statistical model and contradict the compound-nucleus hypothesis. For 8 Mev neutronbombarding energy, there is an inordinately large probability for the emission of protons with energies considerably lower than that of the Coulomb barrier. (auth)
Duty Hours, Quality of Care, and Patient Safety: General Surgery Resident Perceptions

Background The balance between patient treatment risks and training residents to proficiency is confounded by duty-hour limits. Stricter limits have been recommended to enhance quality and safety, although supporting data are scarce. Study Design A previously piloted survey was delivered with the 2010 American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE). First postgraduate year (PGY1) and PGY2 trainees took the Junior examination (IJE); PGY3 and above took the Senior examination (ISE). Residency type, size, and location were linked to examinees using program codes. Five survey items queried all residents about the impact of further hour limits on care quality; online test residents answered 7 more items probing medical error sources. Data were analyzed using factorial ANOVA for association with sex, PGY level, and program demographics. Results There were 6,161 categorical surgery residents who took the ABSITE: 60% men, 60% ISE, and two-thirds in university programs. Paper (n = 5,079) and online (n = 1,082) examinees were similar. Item response rates ranged from 91% to 98%. Few ( Conclusions Most categorical surgery residents do not perceive that reduced duty hours will noticeably improve quality of care. Resident perceptions of causes of medical errors suggest that system changes are more likely to enhance patient safety than further hour limits.
The national survey of women's health centers: Current models of women-centered care

T his paper presents descriptive results from the first national survey of women s health centers in the United States. The term "women s health center ' has been used since the 1960s to refer to various types of organizations that provide health services designed for women. Despite growing interest in women's health and recognition of the need for new models of care delivery for women, relatively little is known about the women's health centers currently operating. 1 The National Survey of Women's Health Centers was conducted in 1994 to provide a profile of contemporary organizational models of women-centered care.
The evolution of fire-dependent flowering in goldenasters (Pityopsis spp.)1

Abstract Gowe, A. K. and J. S. Brewer (Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677), The evolution of fire-dependent flowering in goldenasters (Pityopsis spp.), J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 384– 400. 2005.—Although prescribed fire is thought to benefit fire-adapted species, unequivocal evidence for the existence of fire-adapted species is lacking in many systems. We present the results of a comparative ecological study of fire-dependent flowering in the genus Pityopsis (Asteraceae). We constructed a phylogeny of the genus based on published morphological data and then mapped fire-dependent flowering on the resulting topology. We examined relationships between floral induction, tree and groundcover canopy coverage, and presettlement fire frequency within each species' preferred habitat. Results of our investigations supported the following hypotheses: 1) Fire-dependent flowering occurred in one infrageneric taxonomic group (sect. Graminifoliae) but not in the other (sect. P...
Autonomous Learning of Action Models for Planning

This paper introduces two new frameworks for learning action models for planning. In the mistake-bounded planning framework, the learner has access to a planner for the given model representation, a simulator, and a planning problem generator, and aims to learn a model with at most a polynomial number of faulty plans. In the planned exploration framework, the learner does not have access to a problem generator and must instead design its own problems, plan for them, and converge with at most a polynomial number of planning attempts. The paper reduces learning in these frameworks to concept learning with one-sided error and provides algorithms for successful learning in both frameworks. A specific family of hypothesis spaces is shown to be efficiently learnable in both the frameworks.
Assessment of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Control Trade-Offs Using a Water Quality Model with a Response Surface Method

Excessive nutrient loads to the Chesapeake Bay cause violations of the new dissolved oxygen water quality standard established to protect the Bay’s living resources. Reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loads is necessary to achieve the dissolved oxygen standard. Based on a set of water quality model runs, a response surface method to establish a function of dissolved oxygen (DO) versus total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads was used, which plots as a three-dimensional surface. For a specific criterion for DO, i.e., achievement of the DO standard, a curve of DO versus TN and TP loads that meets the DO criterion can be isolated. Each of the paired TN and TP loads on this trade-off curve results in an equivalent level of DO, but usually at different nutrient reduction costs. This paper explores cost-effective alternatives in nutrient reduction to achieve the DO water quality standard in the deep water designated use of Segment CB4, which is the last and most difficult region for achievement of DO s...
Using clouds to provide grids with higher levels of abstraction and explicit support for usage modes

Grids in their current form of deployment and implementation have not been as successful as hoped in engendering distributed applications. Among other reasons, the level of detail that needs to be controlled for the successful development and deployment of applications remains too high. We argue that there is a need for higher levels of abstractions for current Grids. By introducing the relevant terminology, we try to understand Grids and Clouds as systems; we find this leads to a natural role for the concept of Affinity, and argue that this is a missing element in current Grids. Providing these affinities and higher-level abstractions is consistent with the common concepts of Clouds. Thus this paper establishes how Clouds can be viewed as a logical and next higher-level abstraction from Grids. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data loss prevention using an ephemeral key

With the advent of cloud storage, smartphones, MP3 music players, and removable flash devices, data is more mobile than ever before. However, with this newfound mobility come the issues of how to determine whether data may be too sensitive to leave a user's device, and, if it is appropriate to save the data to remote storage, how best to secure it for the long term. Data loss prevention applications perform this job, typically by redirecting potentially sensitive saved files to a secure local storage quarantine, scanning them, and then doing a final copy to remote storage if the scan passes policy. The problem with local storage quarantine is the additional overhead required to essentially serially write the file twice-once to local storage and finally once to the remote storage destination. This paper presents an alternate method for doing data loss prevention using an ephemeral cryptographic key. By using an ephemeral key, encrypted data can be safely scanned in situ on the remote storage destination and securely removed if inappropriate. This direct technique results in better efficiency and lower latency than a circuitous local storage quarantine. An added benefit of using an ephemeral key for data loss prevention is that the encrypted file can be secured afterward to the persistent keys of multiple recipients with a minimum of additional post-processing.
Wakes in stratified flow past a hot or cold two-dimensional body

This paper considers the general problem of laminar, steady, horizontal, Oseen flow at large distances upstream and downstream of a two-dimensional body which is represented as a line source of horizontal or vertical momentum, or as a line heat source or heat dipole. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible, diffusive, viscous and stably stratified. The analysis is focused on the general properties of the horizontal velocity component, as well as on explicit calculation of the horizontal velocity profiles and disturbance stream-function fields for varying degrees of stratification. For stable stratifications, the flow fields for all four types of singularities exhibit the common feature of multiple recirculating rotors of finite thicknesses, which leads to an alternating jet structure both upstream and downstream for the horizontal velocity component and to leewaves downstream in the overall flow. The self-similar formulae for the velocity, temperature and pressure at very large distances upstream and downstream are also derived and compared with the Oseen solutions.
Lifespan-extending caloric restriction or mTOR inhibition impair adaptive immunity of old mice by distinct mechanisms

Aging of the world population and a concomitant increase in age-related diseases and disabilities mandates the search for strategies to increase healthspan, the length of time an individual lives healthy and productively. Due to the age-related decline of the immune system, infectious diseases remain among the top 5-10 causes of mortality and morbidity in the elderly, and improving immune function during aging remains an important aspect of healthspan extension. Calorie restriction (CR) and more recently rapamycin (rapa) feeding have both been used to extend lifespan in mice. Preciously few studies have actually investigated the impact of each of these interventions upon in vivo immune defense against relevant microbial challenge in old organisms. We tested how rapa and CR each impacted the immune system in adult and old mice. We report that each intervention differentially altered T-cell development in the thymus, peripheral T-cell maintenance, T-cell function and host survival after West Nile virus infection, inducing distinct but deleterious consequences to the aging immune system. We conclude that neither rapa feeding nor CR, in the current form/administration regimen, may be optimal strategies for extending healthy immune function and, with it, lifespan.
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Impair In Vivo Interferon-γ Responsiveness via Diminished Receptor Signaling

Background. A high intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in mice causes impaired host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes. We wished to determine the role of interferon (IFN)–g signaling in this increased disease susceptibility. Methods. A feeding trial was conducted with mice unable to produce IFN-g (IFN-gKO); we provided exogenous recombinant IFN-g during L. monocytogenes challenge. The experimental diets were nutritionally complete and differed only in fat source: lard (devoid of n-3 PUFAs) or menhaden fish oil (rich in n-3 PUFAs). Results. The administration of IFN-g significantly enhanced bacterial clearance in IFN-gKO mice fed a diet devoid of n-3 PUFAs but had no effect in mice fed a diet rich in n-3 PUFAs. Ex vivo analysis of immune cells showed that n-3 PUFAs did not affect IFN-g receptor expression on immune cells. However, on IFN-g treatment, the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 was significantly reduced in peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice fed n-3 PUFAs. Conclusions. These data suggest that diminished IFN-g signaling in murine macrophages is one mechanism by which n-3 PUFAs impair host resistance to L. monocytogenes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a nutrient affecting IFN-g signaling and in vivo responsiveness to this cytokine.
On approximation of real numbers by algebraic numbers of bounded degree

Abstract Dirichlet proved that for any real irrational number ξ there exist infinitely many rational numbers p / q such that | ξ − p / q | q −2 . The correct generalization to the case of approximation by algebraic numbers of degree ⩽n, n > 2 , is still unknown. Here we prove a result which improves all previous estimates concerning this problem for n > 2 .
The Role of the Iglesia de Dios in the Processes of Religious and Social Change in the Mayo Valley, Sonora

The economic situation in Mexico has for many years been a produce of the country’s position on the periphery of the modern world-system. Nowhere in this more obvious than in the Mayo Valley of Sonora. In the 1950s an economic development program brought about significant economic change in the valley, although growth was uneven and led lo in inequality. The policies of global financial entities imposed on Mexico since 1980 have erased most of the positive effects of economic growth in the valley. Within this larger context, the Iglesia de Dios, Evangelio Completo has been an instrument of social change. The church became a means of validating socio-economic mobility in the 1950s and 1960s, and a means of keeping members in the middle class since then. Having cut lies to traditional sources of social support, church members come to provide such support to each other. The ethnic aspects of these economic and religious changes vary according to the ecology, history and ethnic makeup of the communities where these processes are taking place. RESUMEN
Field computation for two-dimensional array transducers with limited diffraction array beams.

A method is developed for calculating fields produced with a two-dimensional (2D) array transducer. This method decomposes an arbitrary 2D aperture weighting function into a set of limited diffraction array beams. Using the analytical expressions of limited diffraction beams, arbitrary continuous wave (cw) or pulse wave (pw) fields of 2D arrays can be obtained with a simple superposition of these beams. In addition, this method can be simplified and applied to a 1D array transducer of a finite or infinite elevation height. For beams produced with axially symmetric aperture weighting functions, this method can be reduced to the Fourier-Bessel method studied previously where an annular array transducer can be used. The advantage of the method is that it is accurate and computationally efficient, especially in regions that are not far from the surface of the transducer (near field), where it is important for medical imaging.Both computer simulations and a synthetic array experiment are carried out to verify ...
Dislocation Substructure in NiAl Single Crystals Deformed at Ambient Temperature

Dislocation substructure in NiAI single crystals oriented for single slip and deformed at ambient temperature has been studied using weak-beam transmission electron microscopy. Deformation is localized in bands that consists mostly of near-edge dislocations, with an interspersion of a high density of elongated prismatic loops. Pure screw dislocations are not observed, but dislocations having “zigzag” configurations that are near-screw in orientation are present. A high density of jogs is observed on both near-edge and zigzag dislocation segments. The mechanisms for the development of this substructure are discussed, emphasizing the role of double cross slip and resulting glissile and sessile jogs of varying heights.
Hyperventilation and blood acid–base balance in hypercapnia exposed red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus )

Hyperventilation is a common response in fish exposed to elevated water CO2. It is believed to lessen the respiratory acidosis associated with hypercapnia by lowering arterial PCO2, but the contribution of hyperventilation to blood acid-base compensation has yet to be quantified. Hyperventilation may also increase the flux of irons across the gill epithelium and the cost of osmoregulation, owing to the osmo-respiratory compromise. Therefore, hypercapnia exposed fish may increase standard metabolic rate (SMR) leaving less energy for physiological functions such as foraging, migration, growth and reproduction. Here we show that gill ventilation, blood PCO2 and total blood [CO2] increased in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) exposed to 1000 and 5000 µatm water CO2, and that blood PCO2 and total blood [CO2] decrease in fish during hypoxia induced hyperventilation. Based on these results we estimate the ventilatory contributions to total acid-base compensation in 1000 and 5000 µatm water CO2. We find that S. ocellatus only utilize a portion of its ventilatory capacity to reduce the acid-base disturbance in 1000 µatm water CO2. SMR was unaffected by both salinity and hypercapnia exposure indicating that the cost of osmoregulation is small relative to SMR, and that the lack of increased ventilation in 1000 µatm water CO2 despite the capacity to do so is not due to an energetic tradeoff between acid-base balance and osmoregulation. Therefore, while ocean acidification may impact ventilatory parameters, there will be little impact on the overall energy budget of S. ocellatus.
“But I must also feel it like a man”: Redressing Representations of Masculinity in Macbeth

The most popular characters in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, second only to Macbeth himself, are the Weird Sisters. Despite being called “Sisters” the women are oddly androgynous and there is very little in their physical appearance or behavior to indicate their gender. Even more importantly, there is nothing to indicate their place in the Scottish patriarchy of which Macbeth and Banquo are firmly established. As the first actors to appear on stage and arguably the manipulators of Macbeth’s fate, the genderless Weird Sisters would have disturbed deeply rooted understandings of gender definition and hierarchy in viewers. This disturbance allows Shakespeare to redress binary understandings of masculinity through the characters of Macbeth, MacDuff, and King Duncan. By looking at definitions of masculinity and patriarchy in Early Modern England it is becomes evident that Shakespeare is rejecting a narrow definition of what it means to be a “man”. He instead embraces a much broader concept of gender which challenges many common masculine stereotypes in favor of a contradictory and complex view of masculinity and patriarchy.
Comparing performance of standard and iterative linear unmixing methods for hyperspectral signatures

Linear unmixing is a method of decomposing a mixed signature to determine the component materials that are present in sensor’s ﬁeld of view, along with the abundances at which they occur. Linear unmixing assumes that energy from the materials in the ﬁeld of view is mixed in a linear fashion across the spectrum of interest. Traditional unmixing methods can take advantage of adjacent pixels in the decomposition algorithm, but is not the case for point sensors. This paper explores several iterative and non-iterative methods for linear unmixing, and examines their eﬀectiveness at identifying the individual signatures that make up simulated single pixel mixed signatures, along with their corresponding abundances. The major hurdle addressed in the proposed method is that no neighboring pixel information is available for the spectral signature of interest. Testing is performed using two collections of spectral signatures from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory’s Signatures Database software (SigDB): a hand-selected small dataset of 25 distinct signatures from a larger dataset of approximately 1600 pure visible/near-infrared/short-wave-infrared (VIS/NIR/SWIR) spectra. Simulated spectra are created with three and four material mixtures randomly drawn from a dataset originating from SigDB, where the abundance of one material is swept in 10% increments from 10% to 90%with the abundances of the other materials equally divided amongst the remainder. For the smaller dataset of 25 signatures, all combinations of three or four materials are used to create simulated spectra, from which the accuracy of materials returned, as well as the correctness of the abundances, is compared to the inputs. The experiment is expanded to include the signatures from the larger dataset of almost 1600 signatures evaluated using a Monte Carlo scheme with 5000 draws of three or four materials to create the simulated mixed signatures. The spectral similarity of the inputs to the output component signatures is calculated using the spectral angle mapper. Results show that iterative methods signiﬁcantly outperform the traditional methods under the given test conditions.
Determining beef carcass retail product and fat yields within 1 hour postmortem.

Hot carcasses from 220 steers (progeny of Hereford or Angus dams mated to Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Pinzgauer, Salers, or Shorthorn sires) were used to develop equations to estimate weights and percentages of retail product (RP) and trimmable fat (TF) yields. Independent variables examined were 1) 12-13th rib fat probe (12RFD), 2) 10-11th rib fat probe (10RFD), 3) external fat score (EFS), 4) percentage of internal fat estimated hot (H%KPH), 5) hindquarter muscling score (HQMS), and 6) hot carcass weight (HCW). Right sides of the carcasses were fabricated into boneless retail cuts, trimmed to .76 cm of subcutaneous and visible intermuscular fat, and weighed. Cuts were trimmed to 0 cm of subcutaneous and visible intermuscular fat and reweighed. Multiple linear regression equations containing 12RFD, EFS, H%KPH, and HCW accounted for 95 and 89% of the variation in weight of total RP at .76 and 0 cm of fat trim, respectively. When weights of RP from the four primal cuts (.76 and 0 cm of fat trim) were the dependent variables, equations consisting of 12RFD, EFS, H%KPH, and HCW accounted for 93 to 84% of the variation. Hot carcass equations accounted for 83% of the variation in weight of total TF at both .76 and 0 cm of fat trim. Furthermore, equations from hot carcass data accounted for 54 and 51% of the variation in percentage of total RP and 57 and 50% of the variation in percentage of RP from the four primal cuts at .76 and 0 cm of fat trim, respectively. Hot carcass prediction equations accounted for 72% of the variation in percentage of total TF at both fat trim levels. Hot carcass equations were equivalent or superior to equations formulated from chilled carcass traits.
Fetal Physiology and the Transition to Extrauterine Life

The physiology of the fetus is fundamentally different from the neonate, with both structural and functional distinctions. The fetus is well-adapted to the relatively hypoxemic intrauterine environment. The transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life requires rapid, complex, and well-orchestrated steps to ensure neonatal survival. This article explains the intrauterine physiology that allows the fetus to survive and then reviews the physiologic changes that occur during the transition to extrauterine life. Asphyxia fundamentally alters the physiology of transition and necessitates a thoughtful approach in the management of affected neonates.
Discriminant analysis of the changing risks of coronary artery operations: 1971-1979.

The risk of perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) and operative mortality (OM) associated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has declined since the introduction of this procedure 15 years ago. Rigorous scientific investigation of the reasons for this trend has been hindered by the complex interactions between changing indications for operation, criteria for patient selection, and management methods. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, we investigated the effects of 42 variables on PMI and OM for two cohorts undergoing CABG between 1971 and 1975 (Group A) and 1977 and 1979 (Group B). According to previously identified risk factors, Group B patients were at higher potential risk than those in Group A. Nevertheless, the PMI and OM rates declined from 8.7% ± 0.9% to 4.6% ±0.7% (p = 0.005) and from 2.4% ± 0.5% to 1.2% ± 0.4% (p = 0.07), respectively. In calendar year 1979 (N = 438), the PMI and OM rates were 2.8% ± 0.8% and 0.7% ± 0.4%. More importantly, the independent determinants of PMI and OM for the two time intervals were distinctly different. Factors which affected the PMI rate in Group A were no longer determinants of PMI in Group B; with the exception of emergency operation and, to a modest extent, congestive heart failure (CHF), predictors of OM in Group A were not determinants of OM in Group B. Thus the adverse impact of multiple patient-related and disease-related determinants of PMI and OM has been neutralized over this decade by the real improvements in patient management. The specific factors and management concepts responsible for these superior results in sicker patients remain uncharacterized; however, in general terms, more sophisticated medical, anesthetic, and nursing management and more refined surgical expertise have essentially nullified the concept of high-risk candidates. Furthermore, the more propitious early results being attained currently may translate directly into parallel long-term improvements in functional benefit and survival.
Transforms and Transform Properties

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of transforms and transform properties. It reviews the nature of the sampled data and transforms and transform properties for the analysis of data sequences. The integrals defining the series coefficients correspond to the inverse discrete-time Fourier (IDTFT) and considers one- and two-dimensional series. The aliasing phenomenon leads to a periodic spectrum for data sequences so that the spectrum has a Fourier representation in terms of the data. This representation can be found from the data by using the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT). The DTFT is generalized to the z-transform, which is a powerful tool for data sequence analysis. The chapter discusses the reason for the periodicity of the discrete-time spectrum and presents DTFT properties. It also reviews the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and highlights the Laplace transform. The chapter reviews discrete-time random sequences and discusses correlation and covariance sequences and their power spectral densities.
A critical review of the literature of social media’s affordances in the classroom:

Even though the use of social media in education is a now widely-studied topic, there still does not seem to be a consensus for what social media may afford students or how best to use them in the ...
Investigating the Price Dynamics between Europe ETFs: EZU vs FEZ

This paper studies the behavior of two Exchange Traded Funds, namely, EZU & FEZ and investigates the price dynamics to develop a trading strategy for them. Dollar spread between the two ETFs is examined to develop a stochastic model for the process and consequently to find the optimal threshold for technical trading indicators. Modelling the dollar spread by a trend-line approach, we use a special case of simple linear regression model in which the independent variable is a time index variable to find the upper/lower bands. We use moving average as an exit indicator, where we go long at our lower band and close it at the moving average, then we go short at our upper band and then buy at the moving average. We test our strategy for different moving averages and note down the trading statistics.
Abstract 4996: The m6A hallmark of cancer: RNA demethylase ALKBH5 maintains tumorigenicity of glioblastoma stem-like cells by sustaining FOXM1 expression and cell proliferation

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification on mRNA, but its functions in human diseases are poorly understood. The dynamic and reversible m6A modification installed and erased by N6-methyltransferases and demethylases regulates cell fate and gene expression. We show that the m6A demethylase ALKBH5 is highly expressed in patient-derived glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) and informs poor survival of patients with glioblastoma. Silencing ALKBH5 suppresses the proliferation of GSCs in vitro and in vivo. Results of integrated transcriptome and m6A-seq analyses reveal a global change of gene expression enriched in cell cycle and altered expression of select ALKBH5 targets. Among these targets, Ingenuity’s upstream regulator analysis identified FOXM1, an essential transcription factor for GSC proliferation, as a key mediator responsible for the disrupted proliferation program. Using multiple molecular and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that ALKBH5 binds to and demethylates FOXM1 nascent transcripts. This promotes the interaction of FOXM1 pre-mRNA with HuR, thereby maintaining FOXM1 expression. Further, a long noncoding RNA antisense to the FOXM1 (FOXM1-AS) interacts with ALKBH5 as well as FOXM1 pre-mRNA and promotes their interaction. Depleting ALKBH5 and FOXM1-AS abolishes GSC tumorigenesis through the FOXM1 axis. The vulnerability of GSCs to disruptions in ALKBH5-dependent gene expression suggests that m6A has a central role in tumor development and provides a rationale for therapeutically targeting epitranscriptomic modulators in patients with glioblastoma. Citation Format: Sicong Zhang, Aidong Zhou, Oliver Bogler, Sadhan Majumder, Suyun Huang. The m6A hallmark of cancer: RNA demethylase ALKBH5 maintains tumorigenicity of glioblastoma stem-like cells by sustaining FOXM1 expression and cell proliferation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4996. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4996
A healing journey of the bilingual self: In search of the language of the heart

ABSTRACTThis article examines the clinical challenges that occur in the treatment of the bilingual Latino/immigrant client with a bilingual therapist who speaks both Spanish and English. Language p...
Alexander Tall Tower! A Study of the Boundary Layer on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica

AbstractBecause of the harsh weather conditions on the Antarctic continent, year-round observations of the low-level boundary layer must be obtained via automated data acquisition systems. Alexander Tall Tower! is an automatic weather station on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica and has been operational since February 2011. At 30 m tall, this station has six levels of instruments to collect environmental data, including temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, and pressure. Data are collected at 30-, 15-, 7.5-, 4-, 2-, and 1-m levels above the snow surface. This study identifies short-term trends and provides an improved description of the lowest portion of the boundary layer over this portion of the Ross Ice Shelf for the February 2011–January 2014 period. Observations indicate two separate initiations of the winter season occur annually, caused by synoptic-scale anomalies. Sensible and latent heat flux estimates are computed using Monin–Obukhov similarity theory and vertical profiles of ...
Case presentation and short perspective on management of foraminal/far lateral discs and stenosis.

Background The management of lumbar foraminal/far lateral discs (FOR/FLD) with stenosis remains controversial. Operative choices should be based on each patient's preoperative dynamic X-ray findings, magnetic resonance (MR), and computed tomography (CT) studies. Here we reviewed several options for decompression alone vs. decompression with fusion. Methods Safe excision of FOR/FLD with stenosis should begin at the level above the disc herniation, as identification of the superior, foraminally, and far laterally exiting nerve root is critical. Performing an undercutting laminectomy and utilizing an operating microscope usually preserves the facet joints, and in many cases, avoids the need for fusion. Other decompressive techniques include; the intertransverse (ITT), and Wiltse approaches. Fusions following complete unilateral full facetectomy may be; noninstrumented (e.g., older, osteoporotic patients) vs. instrumented (e.g., posterolateral fusion or occasionally transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion). Here we present a patient with L2-L5 stenosis, and a left L3-L4 FOR/FLD, and multiple synovial cysts who was successfully managed with an l2-L5 laminecotmy, left L34 FOR/FLD diksectomy without fusion. Results Postoperatively, the patient was neurologically intact, and stability was maintained. Adjunctive measures for FOR/FLD diksectomy should include; intraoperative monitoring, use of the operating microscope, and an intraoperative film with a radiopaque marker in the correct disc space to confirm the correct level of diskectomy. Conclusions There are multiple approaches to the excision of FOR/FLD with stenosis. These include; decompression alone vs. decompression with non-instrumented vs. instrumented fusion. Surgical choices must be based on individual patient's X-ray, MR, and CT findings. The aim should be to maximize the safety of disc excision with decompression of stenosis, and to preserve stability, reducing the need for fusion, while minimizing morbidity.
Interaction of periodic and stationary bifurcation from multiple eigenvalues

On considere des equations d'evolution non lineaires du/dt+G(λ,u)=o dependant d'un parametre reel λ dans un espace de Hilbert reel E
“Alcatraz in the Sky”: Engineering Exile in a Virginia (USA) Prison

The purpose of this paper is to engage mass imprisonment in the United States as an important and understudied megaengineering project. Mass imprisonment is a megaengineering project in at least two senses. First, the material production of a contemporary prison is a multi-million dollar endeavor, and it requires the mobilization of public and private actors and the construction of an awe-inspiring, fortress-like built environment. Second, the social production of a prison system may be manifest in the prison itself, but its true extent ranges across the entirety of its host society. Using the production of Wallens Ridge State Prison (Virginia, USA) as a case study, this paper proceeds in three parts. First, the material production of the prison is analyzed, from site selection through construction. Second, the social engineering project of exile (i.e., the “removal” of a group considered dangerous to society and their forced re-placement) is analyzed. Third, the paper concludes by noting implications for other prisons, so-called “prison towns,” and the carceral society that hosts them.
Chitosan-assisted permeabilization of ATP–biotin for live cell kinase-catalyzed biotinylation

Kinases are essential cell signaling enzymes that phosphorylate protein substrates using ATP as the universal cosubstrate. A wide variety of ATP analogs have been used in kinase research, although the studies are limited by the cell impermeability of ATP. Here we describe the use of the cationic polymer deacetylated chitosan to permeabilize ATP analogs for live cell applications, including kinase-catalyzed biotinylation.