cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise on Cardiac Autonomic Function and Muscle Strength in Obese Postmenopausal Women

The present study examined the effects of a 12-week low intensity resistance exercise training (LIRET) regimen on heart rate variability (HRV), strength and body composition in obese postmenopausal women. Participants were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of either LIRET (n= 10) or non-exercising control group (n= 10). HRV, leg muscle strength and body composition were measured before and after 12 weeks. There were significant decreases (P < 0.05) in sympathovagal balance (LnLF/LnHF) and sympathetic tone (nLF) as well as significant increases (P < 0.05) in parasympathetic tone (nHF) and strength following LIRET compared to no changes after control. There were no significant changes in body composition after LIRET or control. LIRET may be an effective therapeutic intervention for improving sympathovagal balance and strength in obese postmenopausal women. Since obese postmenopausal women are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and physical disability, they could potentially benefit from LIRET.
Vinylalumination of fluoro-carbonyl compounds

Abstract Ethyl acrylate and acrylonitrile fail to undergo efficient Baylis-Hillman reaction with fluoral, but provide good yields of products with pentafluorobenzaldehyde. Alternately, unsubstituted and β-substituted [α-(ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl]aluminum react with perfluoroalkyl and -aryl aldehydes and ketones to provide the α-hydroxyalkenylated fluoro-organic compounds in good to excellent yields.
Impact of epidural bupivacaine on perioperative opioid requirements, recovery characteristics, and duration of hospitalization in dogs undergoing cystotomy: A retrospective study of 56 cases.

Objective To compare perioperative opioid consumption and duration of hospitalization (DOH) in anesthetized dogs receiving opioid-based analgesia (OBA) vs those receiving bupivacaine epidural-based analgesia (EPID) during cystotomy. Study design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Animals Fifty-six client-owned dogs undergoing cystotomy. Methods Clinical records of dogs undergoing cystotomy between January 2015 and December 2017 were reviewed. Demographic data, duration of anesthesia and surgery, anesthetic management, perioperative opioid consumption expressed in morphine equivalents (ME), perioperative use of adjuvant analgesics, time to first micturition, time to eat, time to ambulate, and DOH were recorded. Opioid consumption and DOH were compared with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test, followed by linear regression analysis as appropriate. Time to first micturition, time to eat, and time to walk unassisted were modeled with Cox-proportional hazard models. Results Dogs treated with EPID during surgery required 1.5 mg/kg ME less compared with those treated with OBA (P = .04) during surgery. Three of 19 dogs treated with EPID vs 15 of 37 dogs receiving OBA required intraoperative adjuvant analgesics (P = .06). Dogs treated with EPID regained motor function slower than dogs treated with OBA (P = .01); however, there was no difference in time to urinate, time to eat, or DOH between treatments. Conclusion Perioperative lumbosacral epidural with bupivacaine reduced intraoperative opioid consumption in dogs anesthetized for cystotomy. Clinical significance The use of epidural bupivacaine in dogs undergoing cystotomy may reduce intraoperative opioid requirements without affecting return of bladder function or DOH.
Women in Mexico’s Executive Branch: Discrimination, Family Connections, and Formal Career Paths

What explains women’s exclusion from and entry into high-level executive positions? This article analyzes the recruitment of cabinet secretaries and assistant secretaries in Mexico. We examine two ...
Creating Porous Ivory Towers: Two-Way Socialization Processes that Embrace Black Students’ Identities in Academia

Socialization in higher education has often been studied and framed as a one-way process where students are informed that they should attempt to “fit” into existing structures, programs, and norms in institutions. Graduate student socialization models, primarily framed as anticipatory (before entering a faculty position) and organizational (when a scholar enters a faculty role) are typically presented as one-way processes whereby new scholars acquire the norms, practices, and knowledge of a discipline to become established scholars (Weidman JC, Twale DJ, Stein EL, Socialization of graduate and professional students in higher education: A perilous passage? ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report, 28(3). Jossey-Bass, San Francisco 2001). Recent work has challenged one-way socialization processes, claiming that this could be detrimental to students’ identities and ability to find a sense of belonging in higher education institutions (Antony JS, Higher education: Handbook of theory and research. Springer, Dordrecht, 2002; McCoy DL, J Professor 2:75–91, 2007; Winkle-Wagner R, The unchosen me: Race, gender, and identity among Black women in college. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2009). Scholars have shifted to identifying two-way socialization processes offered primarily in programs that deliberately emphasize ways Students of Color can be socialized into higher education while maintaining their backgrounds and identities (McCoy DL, & Winkle-Wagner R, J Coll Stud Dev 56:423–439, 2015; Winkle-Wagner & McCoy, 2016a).
An Ex Vivo Brain Slice Culture Model of Chronic Wasting Disease: Implications for Disease Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Development.

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a rapidly spreading prion disease of cervids, yet antemortem diagnosis, treatment, and control remain elusive. We recently developed an organotypic slice culture assay for sensitive detection of scrapie prions using ultrasensitive prion seeding. However, this model was not established for CWD prions due to their strong transmission barrier from deer (Odocoileus spp) to standard laboratory mice (Mus musculus). Therefore, we developed and characterized the ex vivo brain slice culture model for CWD, using a transgenic mouse model (Tg12) that expresses the elk (Cervus canadensis) prion protein gene (PRNP). We tested for CWD infectivity in cultured slices using sensitive seeding assays such as real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). Slice cultures from Tg12, but not from prnp−/− mice, tested positive for CWD. Slice-generated CWD prions transmitted efficiently to Tg12 mice. Furthermore, we determined the activity of anti-prion compounds and optimized a screening protocol for the infectivity of biological samples in this CWD slice culture model. Our results demonstrate that this integrated brain slice model of CWD enables the study of pathogenic mechanisms with translational implications for controlling CWD.
Weight evaluation of long-term prognosis: criterion of the treatment on childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus

This article mainly discusses the relationship between the active treatment concept of the systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and its positive outcome in long-term prognosis, which is the overall prognosis of SLE benefits from the improvement on the living conditions of patients with lupus nephritis(LN). Although more argumentations are still required in regards to whether to use the different general conclusions of the meta analysis between the childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) and the early adulthood-onset SLE patients at the same age as more proactive induction therapy in early phase, yet the time point for early therapy before clinical symptoms appearing can be determined and thereby positive anticipation can be achieved through keeping the difference between the long-term prognosis of the cSLE and the adult-onset patients as evidences, and making in-depth study on the innate laws of the heterogeneity of cSLE, meanwhile giving biological markers more application which can be highly reliable in reflecting the morbid status, supported by the study outcomes of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics and further optimization of current immunoregulation/immune inhibitors approaches (as evidences required by long-term effects). Key words: Systemic lupus erythematosus; Therapy; Prognosis; Early-adulthood; Child
Abstract P175: A Twitter Analysis Of Hypertension And Allergies: Discordance Between Social Media Discussion And Disease Morbidity

Background: Social media data may be used to shed light on how engaged the general public is in conversations surrounding elevated blood pressure (BP) as an important health problem. Methods: We ga...
Opportunities to Improve Cardiovascular Health in the New American Workplace

Abstract Adult working-class Americans spend on average 50% of their workday awake time at their jobs. The vast majority of these jobs involve mostly physically inactive tasks and frequent exposure to unhealthy food options. Traditionally, the workplace has been a challenging environment for cardiovascular prevention, where cardiovascular guidelines have had limited implementation. Despite the impact that unhealthy lifestyles at the workplace may have on the cardiovascular health of U.S. workers, there is currently no policy in place aimed at improving this. In this review, we discuss recent evidence on the prevalence of physical inactivity among Americans, with a special focus on the time spent at the workplace; and the invaluable opportunity that workplace-based lifestyle interventions may represent for improving the prevention of cardiovascular disease. We describe the current regulatory context, the key stakeholders involved, and present specific, guideline-inspired initiatives to be considered by both Congress and employers to improve the “cardiovascular safety” of US jobs. Additionally, we discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic has forever altered the workplace, and what lessons can be taken from this experience and applied to cardiovascular disease prevention in the new American workplace. For many Americans, long sitting hours at their job represent a risk to their cardiovascular health. We discuss how a paradigm shift in how we approach cardiovascular health, from focusing on leisure time to also focusing on work time, may help curtail the epidemic of cardiovascular disease in this country.
Real-world utilisation of angiotensin-neprilysin inhibitors in older adults with heart failure.

Over the last decade, treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has advanced, with the incremental addition of novel evidence-based medical therapies. The landmark PARADIGM-HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure) study showed that the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan was superior to enalapril in reducing risk of death and HF hospitalisations.1 This has paved the way for rapid incorporation of ARNI into the treatment guidelines for HFrEF, with additional indications on the horizon. We are now in an era of quadruple therapy that incorporates an optimal combination of beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)/ARNI, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) and sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) for chronic HFrEF.2 In this issue of Heart , Dr Desai and colleagues evaluate the real-world utilisation of ARNI in HFrEF patients age ≥65 years using the Medicare database (2014–2017).3 Case ascertainment of HF was based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, with further stratification dependent on a validated claims-based algorithm and/or ARNI initiation to limit the reference group to those with HFrEF. While there may be some degree of misclassification, the recently expanded US Food and Drug Administration indication for ARNI based on post hoc analysis of PARAGON-HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ARB Global Outcomes in HF with preserved EF) would suggest that those with HFpEF at the lower end of the ‘normal’ EF spectrum may derive similar benefit to those with HFrEF. Hence, ARNI is now indicated in patients with chronic HF regardless of EF.4 In the current manuscript, separate subcohorts were created from the HFrEF population with an ‘initiator’ group (newly starting ARNI or ACEi/ARB who were previously naive to these medications) and a ‘switcher’ group (switching from …
A rare case of diabetic ketoacidosis presenting with severe hypertriglyceridemia requiring plasmapheresis in an adult with type-2 diabetes mellitus: Case report

Introduction Severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a rare complication of insulin resistance. Its presentation with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has been reported in a few cases, where most patients have type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Our case represents a unique presentation of DKA associated with severe HTG above 10,000 mg/dL in an adult with type-2 DM. Patient concerns and diagnosis Case Report: A 51-year-old man with no prior illnesses presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and nausea. He was found to have DKA with a blood glucose level of 337 mg/dL, pH of 7.17, beta-hydroxybutyrate of 7.93 mmol/L, and anion gap of 20 mmol/L. His triglyceride levels were >10,000 mg/dL. His serum was found to be lipemic. Computerized tomography scan of the abdomen demonstrated mild acute pancreatitis. Negative GAD65 antibodies supported the diagnosis of type-2 DM. Interventions and outcomes Endocrinology was consulted and one cycle of albumin-bound plasmapheresis was administered. This therapy significantly improved his HTG. DKA gradually resolved with insulin therapy as well. He was discharged home with endocrinology follow-up. Conclusion This unique case highlights an uncommon but critical consequence of uncontrolled DM. It brings forth the possibility of severe HTG presenting as a complication of uncontrolled type-2 DM. Severe HTG commonly presents with acute pancreatitis, which can be debilitating if not managed promptly. Most patients with this presentation are managed with insulin infusion. The use of plasmapheresis for management of severe HTG has not been well studied. Our case supports the use of plasmapheresis as an effective and rapid treatment for severe HTG.
2021 National Firearms Survey

This report summarizes the findings of a national survey of firearms ownership and use conducted between February 17th and March 23rd, 2021 by the professional survey firm Centiment. This survey, which is part of a larger book project, aims to provide the most comprehensive assessment of firearms ownership and use patterns in America to date. This online survey was administered to a representative sample of approximately fifty-four thousand U.S. residents aged 18 and over, and it identified 16,708 gun owners who were, in turn, asked in-depth questions about their ownership and their use of firearms, including defensive uses of firearms. Consistent with other recent survey research, the survey finds an overall rate of adult firearm ownership of 31.9%, suggesting that in excess of 81.4 million Americans aged 18 and over own firearms. The survey further finds that approximately a third of gun owners (31.1%) have used a firearm to defend themselves or their property, often on more than one occasion, and it estimates that guns are used defensively by firearms owners in approximately 1.67 million incidents per year. Handguns are the most common firearm employed for self-defense (used in 65.9% of defensive incidents), and in most defensive incidents (81.9%) no shot was fired. Approximately a quarter (25.2%) of defensive incidents occurred within the gun owner's home, and approximately half (53.9%) occurred outside their home, but on their property. About one out of ten (9.1%) defensive gun uses occurred in public, and about one out of twenty (4.8%) occurred at work. A majority of gun owners (56.2%) indicate that they carry a handgun for self-defense in at least some circumstances, and about 35% of gun owners report carrying a handgun with some frequency. We estimate that approximately 20.7 million gun owners (26.3%) carry a handgun in public under a ``concealed carry'' regime; and 34.9% of gun owners report that there have been instances in which they had wanted to carry a handgun for self-defense, but local rules did not allow them to carry. The average gun owner owns 5 firearms, and handguns are the most common type of firearm owned. 48.0% of gun owners have owned magazines that hold over 10 rounds, and 30.2% of gun owners -- totaling about 24.6 million individuals -- have owned an AR-15 or similarly styled rifle. Demographically, gun owners are diverse. 42.2% are female and 57.8% are male. Approximately 25.4% of Blacks own firearms, 28.3% of Hispanics own firearms, 19.4% of Asians own firearms, and 34.3% of Whites own firearms.
Why Include Esthetics in Civil Engineering Education

Esthetic issues are generally discussed in general and very subjective terms. Under the auspices of the Committee on Aesthetics of the Urban Planning and Development Division, a study was undertaken to evaluate, as objectively as possible, the philosophies of civil engineering departments regarding esthetic issues. The reported results indicate that the stated philosophies are generally pro-esthetic at superficial levels but inconsistencies are also noted as well as a lack of commitment to stated positive philosophies. The problem is addressed in the context of recent changes in the planning/design process. Recommendations are made for incorporating esthetics into civil engineering curricula.
Ontology and the Body: A Reflection

In the following brief, quite modest reflection, I try to come to an understanding of one of Hans Jonas’ most fascinating and important discussions. I will also give it the respect and merit it is manifestly due — long overdue, it seems to me — by confronting it philosophically: i.e., critically.
Integration of Bmp and Wnt signaling by Hopx specifies commitment of cardiomyoblasts

Cardiac progenitor cells are multipotent and give rise to cardiac endothelium, smooth muscle, and cardiomyocytes. Here, we define and characterize the cardiomyoblast intermediate that is committed to the cardiomyocyte fate, and we characterize the niche signals that regulate commitment. Cardiomyoblasts express Hopx, which functions to coordinate local Bmp signals to inhibit the Wnt pathway, thus promoting cardiomyogenesis. Hopx integrates Bmp and Wnt signaling by physically interacting with activated Smads and repressing Wnt genes. The identification of the committed cardiomyoblast that retains proliferative potential will inform cardiac regenerative therapeutics. In addition, Bmp signals characterize adult stem cell niches in other tissues where Hopx-mediated inhibition of Wnt is likely to contribute to stem cell quiescence and to explain the role of Hopx as a tumor suppressor.
Physicochemical properties of the diphosphopyridine nucleotide-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase of pig heart.

The DPN-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase has been purified from pig heart by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The resultant preparation exhibits a single polypeptide band, with a molecular weight of about 40,000, on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, suggesting that the enzyme is in a homogeneous state. The amino acid composition of this polypeptide chain is reported. In contrast, polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis of the enzyme preparation in the absence of denaturing reagents reveals a multiple protein pattern, with more than one enzymatically active species. The addition to the electrophoresis buffer of the substrate, isocitrate and manganous ion, or the allosteric activator, ADP, alters the protein pattern so that there is one major protein band. The multiple protein pattern observed in polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis thus appears to reflect different forms of the same enzyme. Isocitrate dehydrogenase becomes inactivated upon incubation at 4°; however, this cold inactivation can be reversed by incubation at 25° with isocitrate and manganous ion. Electrophoresis of the cold-inactivated preparations yields an increase in the protein species with faster mobility than the major enzyme band. It is proposed that at least part of the heterogeneity observed on electrophoresis of isocitrate dehydrogenase is attributable to cold inactivation occurring during the isolation procedures.
Large Sample Properties of Nearest Neighbor Density Function Estimators

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the assumption that Let X1, X2,… are iid random variables having unknown density function f with respect to Lebesgue measure λ on Euclidean p-space RP. It presents an estimation of f(z) for a given z. A nearest neighbor estimator of f(z) is gn(z) = k(n)/n/λ{S(R(n))}. gn(z) is simply empiric measure divided by Lebesgue measure for the region S(R(n)). This estimator is essentially due to Fix and Hodges, and was explicitly introduced and studied by Loftsgaarden and Quesenberry. These and subsequent authors used the Euclidean norm, but for p > 1, other norms may be useful and proofs are unaffected by this generality.
Wave–Vortex Interactions

This chapter presents a theoretical investigation of wave–vortex interactions in fluid systems of interest to atmosphere and ocean dynamics. The focus is on strong interactions in the sense that the induced changes in the vortical flow should be significant. In essence, such strong wave–vortex interactions require significant changes in the potential vorticity (PV) of the flow either by advection of pre-existing PV contours or by creating new PV structures via wave dissipation and breaking. This chapter explores the interplay between wave and PV dynamics from a theoretical point of view based on a recently formulated conservation law for the sum of mean-flow impulse and wave pseudomomentum.
Development of the RIT infrastructure for design, fabrication and testing of small multichip modules

The infrastructural work in progress at the Rochester Institute of Technology in the area of the multichip modules is described. Facilities for design, fabrication and testing are being developed. Present capabilities as well as future goals are presented. The MCM effort is a joint effort between the Electrical Engineering department and the Microelectronic department. Issues related to design, simulation (electrical and thermal) and testing are being addressed in the Electrical Engineering department. Mask making, fabrication, and final packaging are being handled by the Microelectronic Engineering department. The facilities, technology and projects (ongoing and future) in this endeavor are considered. >
Multiplicity and stability of the hydrogen-oxygen-nitrogen flame: the influence of chemical pathways and kinetics on transitions between steady states

For a hydrogen-oxygen-nitrogen flame, numerical descriptions of ignition and burnout are quite useful in testing chemical models, elucidating the relative importance of various chemical pathways, and quantifying the reaction rate coefficients. The use of numerical bifurcation techniques to predict multiple steady states for a nonadiabatic, premixed hydrogen flame stabilized on a flat-flame burner has demonstrated that the predicted burnout and ignition conditions vary remarkably as rival chemical models are selected, whereas conditions for a well-stabilized flame are much less sensitive to chemical and kinetic assumptions. Multiplicity analysis can provide a useful insight into the chemical behavior of certain complex reaction-diffusion systems of industrial importance.
Hybridization of herpes simplex virus dna and human ribosomal DNA and RNA

A small DNA segment from the inverted repeats at the termini of the unique long sequence region of herpes simplex virus DNA was found to hybridize with human 28 S ribosomal DNA and RNA but not 18 S ribosomal DNA and RNA. The hybridization occurred under stringent conditions and was not blocked by nucleic acids high in guanine plus cytosine content. These data strongly suggest that the hybridization represented authentic base sequence homology.
The Ethical and Legal Practice of Online Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Review of Mental Health Professions

In this descriptive study, the authors reviewed the licensing boards for marriage and family therapists, professional counselors, psychologists, and social workers to determine the legal and ethical practice of online psychotherapy and counseling in the United States. Analyses revealed no differences between professions on whether they permitted online counseling and psychotherapy at the state level. Finally, a number of states directly addressed online clinical practice, many did not address this practice, and no state boards prohibited online counseling and psychotherapy.
The use of human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in RGD modified alginate microspheres in the repair of myocardial infarction in the rat

The combination of scaffold material and cell transplantation therapy has been extensively investigated in cardiac tissue engineering. However, many polymers are difficult to administer or lack the structural integrity to restore LV function. Additionally, polymers need to be biological friendly, favorably influence the microenvironment and increase stem cell retention and survival. This study determined whether human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) encapsulated in RGD modified alginate microspheres are capable of facilitating myocardial repair. The in vitro study of hMSCs demonstrated that the RGD modified alginate can improve cell attachment, growth and increase angiogenic growth factor expression. Alginate microbeads and hMSCs encapsulated in microbeads successfully maintained LV shape and prevented negative LV remodeling after an MI. Cell survival was significantly increased in the encapsulated hMSC group compared with PBS control or cells alone. Microspheres, hMSCs, and hMSCs in microspheres groups reduced infarct area and enhanced arteriole formation. In summary, surface modification and microencapsulation techniques can be combined with cell transplantation leading to the maintenance of LV geometry, preservation of LV function, increase of angiogenesis and improvement of cell survival.
Don't bother to knock – the cell invasion strategy of Trypanosoma cruzi

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is responsible for Chagas disease, a serious debilitating disease that affects millions of people in Latin America. Trypomastigotes, the infective forms, are capable of invading and replicating in different cell types. The invasion process involves a gradual recruitment and fusion of host cell lysosomes at the parasite entry site, and is regulated by intracellular free Ca2+ transients triggered by trypomastigotes in host cells. This unusual, Ca2+-dependent lysosome exocytosis pathway was recently shown to be involved in the mechanism by which mammalian cells repair lesions on their plasma membrane.
Enhanced combined tumor-specific oncolysis and suicide gene therapy for prostate cancer using M6 promoter.

Enzyme pro-drug suicide gene therapy has been hindered by inefficient viral delivery and gene transduction. To further explore the potential of this approach, we have developed AdIU1, a prostate-restricted replicative adenovirus (PRRA) armed with the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK). In our previous Ad-OC-TK/ACV phase I clinical trial, we demonstrated safety and proof of principle with a tissue-specific promoter-based TK/pro-drug therapy using a replication-defective adenovirus for the treatment of prostate cancer metastases. In this study, we aimed to inhibit the growth of androgen-independent (AI), PSA/PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells by AdIU1. In vitro the viability of an AI- PSA/PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cell line, CWR22rv, was significantly inhibited by treatment with AdIU1 plus GCV (10 μg ml−1), compared with AdIU1 treatment alone and also cytotoxicity was observed following treatment with AdIU1 plus GCV only in PSA/PSMA-positive CWR22rv and C4-2 cells, but not in the PSA/PSMA-negative cell line, DU-145. In vivo assessment of AdIU1 plus GCV treatment revealed a stronger therapeutic effect against CWR22rv tumors in nude mice than treatment with AdIU1 alone, AdE4PSESE1a alone or in combination with GCV. Our results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of specific-oncolysis and suicide gene therapy for AI-PSA/PSMA-positive prostate cancer gene therapy.
Taphonomy of two last glacial maximum mammoth sites in the central Great Plains of North America: A preliminary report on La Sena and Lovewell

Abstract Two mammoth sites from the central Great Plains of North America, each containing one adult Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi), were excavated from Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) loess and fine-grained alluvial deposits, respectively. Taphonomic data from both sites indicate that the mammoth skeletons exhibit numerous spirally fractured limb elements. Dynamic loading points are present on midshafts of large limb bones. Bone flakes produced from the partial thickness of thick cortical bone are also present. Hypotheses of carnivore activity, mammoth trampling, and human-induced fracturing are evaluated as possible causes of the fractured limb bone. Testing the hypotheses using modern data from actualistic taphonomic studies of elephant skeletons, paleontological data from two proboscidean natural death sites, experimental data from elephant bone fracturing, and archaeologically derived data concerning late Pleistocene human modification of mammoth limb bone indicates that the first two hypotheses can be rejected, while the third hypothesis is supported.
Chekhov Vs. Gor'Kii and the Moscow Arts Theater

For most of the twentieth century readers have been wondering how the version of A. P. Chekhov's famous play The Cherry Orchard could be subtitled "A Comedy." Unknown until now is the fact that Chekhov's manuscript was rewritten by the directors of the Moscow Arts Theater for a combination of political, aesthetic, and commercial reasons. This has been unknown until now because A. M. Gor'kii simultaneously wrote a competing play The Summer-Tenants which failed almost completely. Out of loyalty to Gor'kii's memory, Soviet scholarship for over seven decades concealed the true story of The Cherry Orchard.
Existence of Bounded Solutions for Second Order Dynamic Equations

In this paper, we will give sufficient conditions for a nonhomogeneous dynamic self-adjoint equation on a time scale to have a zero tending solution. We also give sufficient conditions that guarant...
Sulfonylureas Amplify Cyclic 3′, 5′ AMP Mediated Hormone Action

The reports that the sulfonylurea compounds have a vasopressin-like action in some patients with diabetes insipidus (DI) and NAHONEY and GOODMAN's observations of benefit in one patient with hypodipsia led us to a trial in three children with both deficiencies. Hitherto extraordinarily difficult management problems, these children have shown restoration of homeostatically appropriate thirst and facultative urinary concentrating ability during chlorpropamide (CPM) treatment. Observations to provide insight into the mechanism of these clinical effects were as follows: much as in total diabetes mellitus, the sulfonylureas were without benefit in total vasopressin lack (Brattleboro rats) and in clinical nephrogenic. DI Sulfonylureas, while inactive alone, augumented vasopressin stimulated water flux across toad bladder. Water flux induced by cyclic 3′,5′ AMP was not increased suggesting the compounds act neither by augmenting the influence of second messenger nor by phosphodiesterase inhibition. CPM treatment increased and prolonged parathyroid hormone provoked urinary excretion of cyclic 3′,5′ AMP in two patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism much as it extended and intensified antidiuresis due to exogenous vasopressin in water loaded normals. The observations support the hypothesis that sulfonylureas act by amplifying the cyclic 3′,5′ AMP signal generated by hormones at their specific target tissues, possibly including CNS, where second messenger concentrations are high. If correct, the amplifier hypothesis implies extend applicability of sulfonylureas and their congeners in restoring homeostasis in states of attenuated endocrine secretion.
Molybdenum and iron behavior in oxic and anoxic lake water

Abstract The temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration in a thermally stratified lake were measured monthly for ten months. Water samples from different depths were pressure-filtered through 0.22-μm pore-diameter filters. The filtrate and filter-trapped suspended matter were analyzed for Mo and Fe. Higher-filtrate Mo concentrations in anoxic water were not caused by dissolution of suspended Fe 2 O 3 particles. Low-filtrate Mo concentrations in deep anoxic water during the summer were accompanied by low-filtrate Fe concentrations and accumulation of H 2 S, suggesting that the elements coprecipitate as sulfides. Although filtrate Mo and Fe concentrations in anoxic water correlated very strongly, a fraction of the Mo appeared to resist sulfide precipitation.
Comprehensive Phase Behavior of Poly(isoprene-b-styrene-b-ethylene oxide) Triblock Copolymers

The phase behavior of 44 poly(isoprene-b-styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (ISO) linear triblock copolymer melts was investigated at weak to intermediate segregation strengths and spanning a comprehensive range of compositions. Phases were characterized by a combination of experimental techniques, including small-angle X-ray scattering, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and birefringence measurements. Combined with our previous results, six different stable ordered state symmetries have been identified: lamellae (LAM), Fddd orthorhombic network (O70), double gyroid (Q230), alternating gyroid (Q214), hexagonal (HEX), and body-centered cubic (BCC). The phase map of ISO specimens was found to be somewhat asymmetric around the fI = fO isopleth. This work provides a guide for theoretical studies and gives insight into the intricate effects of various parameters on the self-assembly of ABC triblock copolymers. Experimental SAXS data evaluated with a simple scattering intensity model sh...
Affective lability versus depression as determinants of binge eating

The relationships between dietary restraint, various affective disturbances, and binge eating were assessed in a sample of 73 college women unselected for bulimia. It was found, replicating earlier results, that the interaction of dietary restraint and depression was a significant predictor of binge eating. However, the interaction of dietary restraint and biphasic mood shifts was an even better predictor of the severity of binge eating and in fact accounted for all of the variance in the relationship of dietary restraint, depression, and binge eating. The results were discussed in terms of the possible role of affective liability in the development of binge eating.
Modeled and observed fine particulate matter reductions from state attainment demonstrations

States rely upon photochemical models to predict the impacts of air quality attainment strategies, but the performance of those predictions is rarely evaluated retrospectively. State implementation plans (SIPs) developed to attain the 1997 U.S. standard for fine particulate matter (PM2.5; denoting particles smaller than 2.5 microns in diameter) by 2009 provide the first opportunity to assess modeled predictions of PM2.5 reductions at the state level. The SIPs were the first to rely upon a speciated modeled attainment test methodology recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to predict PM2.5 concentrations and attainment status. Of the 23 eastern U.S. regions considered here, all but one achieved the 15 μg/m3 standard by 2009, and the other achieved it the following year, with downward trends sustained in subsequent years. The attainment tests predicted 2009 PM2.5 design values at individual monitors with a mean bias of 0.38 μg/m3 and mean error of 0.68 μg/m3, and were 95% accurate in predic...
Studies on ultra-clean carbon surfaces—III. Kinetics of chemisorption of hydrogen on graphon

The chemisorption of hydrogen on activated Graphon was studied over the range 80–600°C at a hydrogen pressure of 0.10 Torr and at 500°C over the pressure range 0.020–0.47 Torr. The Graphon was activated by preoxidation in oxygen to 18.6 per cent weight loss at 625°C. The oxidized sample had a BET surface area of 100 m2/g. Prior to adsorption measurements, the sample was outgassed at 1000°C at residual pressures < 10−8 Torr. Adsorption was followed for times up to 24 hr. Plots of amount of hydrogen adsorbed vs. log of time showed linear regions. In all, four linear regions were identified. The activation energy for chemisorption changed little within a linear region. However, it changed abruptly between linear regions, increasing over-all from 5.7 kcal/mole for the first linear region to 30.4 kcal/mole for the last. It is concluded that each linear region represents chemisorption on different discrete configurations of sites on the carbon surface.
A kernel mean matching approach for environment mismatch compensation in speech recognition

The mismatch between training and test environmental conditions presents a challenge to speech recognition systems. In this paper, we investigate an approach for matching the distributions of training and test data in the feature space. This approach uses the property of reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) with a universal kernel for the task of distribution matching. The approach is unsupervised, requiring no transcripts of data for compensation, and can be employed either with explicit adaptation data or with live test data. The approach is evaluated on two real car environments - CU-Move and UTDrive. Relative improvements of between 10–25% are obtained for different experimental setups.
Evidence for Positive Selection on the Floral Scent Gene Isoeugenol-O-methyltransferase

Isoeugenol-O-methyltransferase (IEMT) is an enzyme involved in the production of the floral volatile compounds methyl eugenol and methyl isoeugenol in Clarkia breweri (Onagraceae). IEMT likely evolved by gene duplication from caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase followed by amino acid divergence, leading to the acquisition of its novel function. To investigate the selective context under which IEMT evolved, maximum likelihood methods that estimate variable d(N)/d(S) ratios among lineages, among sites, and among a combination of both lineages and sites were utilized. Statistically significant support was obtained for a hypothesis of positive selection driving the evolution of IEMT since its origin. Subsequent Bayesian analyses identified several sites in IEMT that have experienced positive selection. Most of these positions are in the active site of IEMT and have been shown by site-directed mutagenesis to have large effects on substrate specificity. Although the selective agent is unknown, the adaptive evolution of this gene may have resulted in increased effectiveness of pollinator attraction or herbivore repellence.
An essential snRNA from S. cerevisiae has properties predicted for U4, including interaction with a U6-like snRNA

Three yeast snRNAs (snR20, snR7, and snR14) have been implicated in pre-mRNA splicing. snR20 and snR7 contain domains of homology to U2 and U5, respectively, and each is required for viability. These RNAs are found associated with the spliceosome, as is snR14. We show here that snR14 is also an essential gene product. Sequence analysis reveals that, like snR7 and snR20, snR14 contains a consensus binding site for the Sm antigen, a feature common to all mammalian snRNAs involved in splicing. Moreover, snR14 exhibits several blocks of sequence and structural homology to U4, which in metazoans is found in association with U6. Native gel electrophoresis demonstrates that snR14 is in fact base-paired with another yeast snRNA, designated snR6, which has primary sequence homology to U6. We conclude that snR14 is the yeast analog of U4.
Therapy of pseudomonal infections

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquiIous pathogen in hospitals. The incidence <fl" Ps. aeruginosa infections appears to be increasing and it is estimated that this organism is responsible for approxintately 10% of all nosocomial infections. These infections include pneumonias, bactcremias, urinary iract infections and surgical wound infections. Ps. aert~ginosa infections are also frequently seen in immunocompromised patients, in children
HCN, a triple-resonance NMR technique for selective observation of histidine and tryptophan side chains in 13C/15N-labeled proteins

HCN, a new 3D NMR technique for stepwise coherence transfer from 1H to 13C to 15N and reverse through direct spin couplings 1JCH and 1JCN, is presented as a method for detection and assignment of histidine and tryptophan side-chain 1H, 13C, and 15N resonances in uniformly 13C/15N-labeled proteins. Product-operator calculations of cross-peak volumes vs adjustable delay tau 3 were employed for determination of optimal tau 3. For the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K SH3 domain, MW = 9.6 kD) at pH 6, H(C)N, the 1H/15N projection, produced observable cross peaks within 20 min. and was completely selective for the single tryptophan and single histidine. The 3D HCN experiment yielded well-defined cross peaks in 20 h for the 13C/15N-labeled origin-specific DNA binding domain from simian virus 40 T-antigen (T-ag-OBD131-259, MW = 15.4 kD) at pH 5.5. Resonances from all six histidines in T-ag-OBD were observed, and 11 of the 12 1H and 13C chemical shifts and 10 of the 12 15N chemical shifts were determined. The 13C dimension proved essential in assignment of the multiply overlapping 1H and 15N resonances. From the spectra recorded at a single pH, three of the imidazoles were essentially neutral and the other three were partially protonated (22-37%). HCN yielded strong cross peaks after 18 h on a 2.0 mM sample of phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF)-inhibited alpha-lytic protease (MW = 19.8 kD) at pH 4.4. No spectra have been obtained, however, of native or boronic acid-inhibited alpha-lytic protease after 18 h at various temperatures ranging from 5 to 55 degrees C, probably due to efficient relaxation of active-site imidazole 1H and/or 15N nuclei.
Fate of patients with spinal cord ischemia complicating thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

Objective Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) is a potentially devastating complication of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) that can result in varying degrees of short-term and permanent disability. This study was undertaken to describe the clinical outcomes, long-term functional impact, and influence on survival of SCI after TEVAR. Methods A retrospective review of all TEVAR patients at the University of Florida from 2000 to 2011 was performed to identify individuals experiencing SCI, defined by any new lower extremity neurologic deficit not attributable to another cause. SCI was dichotomized into immediate or delayed onset, with immediate onset defined as SCI noted upon awakening from anesthesia, and delayed characterized as a period of normal function, followed by development of neurologic injury. Ambulatory status was determined using database query, record review, and phone interviews with patients and/or family. Mortality was estimated using life-table analysis. Results A total of 607 TEVARs were performed for various indications, with 57 patients (9.4%) noted to have postoperative SCI (4.3% permanent). SCI patients were more likely to be older (63.9 ± 15.6 vs 70.5 ± 11.2 years; P = .002) and have a number of comorbidities, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cerebrovascular disease ( P P = .45). SCI developed immediately in 12 patients, delayed onset in 40, and indeterminate in five patients due to indiscriminate timing from postoperative sedation. Three patients (25%) with immediate SCI had measurable functional improvement (FI), whereas 28 (70%) of the delayed-onset patients experienced some degree of neurologic recovery ( P = .04). Of the 34 patients with complete data available, 26 (76%) reported quantifiable FI, but only 13 (38%) experienced return to their preoperative baseline. Estimated mean (± standard error) survival for patients with and without SCI was 37.2 ± 4.5 and 71.6 ± 3.9 months ( P P Conclusions The minority of patients experience complete return to baseline function after SCI with TEVAR, and outcomes in patients without early functional recovery are particularly dismal. Patients experiencing delayed SCI are more likely to have FI and may anticipate similar life-expectancy with neurologic recovery compared with patients without SCI. Timing of drain placement does not appear to have an impact on postdischarge FI or long-term mortality.
Perioperative parathyroid hormone assay for diagnosis and management of postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia.

Objectives/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between perioperative changes in parathyroid hormone (PTH) level and the likelihood of postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia. Study Design: In a series of 78 patients undergoing total or completion thyroidectomy, PTH levels were measured before surgery and at 10 minutes after removal of the thyroid gland. Methods: A prospective, nonrandomized collection of serum from 78 consecutive total or completion thyroidectomy procedures performed by a single surgeon was carried out over 18 months. Analysis is made of PTH levels, serum calcium values, need for calcium supplementation, and symptoms of hypocalcemia. Results: Both a PTH change of 75% and an absolute postoperative PTH of 7 pg/mL are accurate standards for predicting symptomatic hypocalcemia after total or completion thyroid surgery. Conclusions: Perioperative PTH levels are a tool for the prediction of postoperative symptomatic hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy. A PTH level drawn 10 minutes after removal of the thyroid predicts the likelihood of postoperative hypocalcemia.
Heat shock does not induce tolerance to hyperoxia

Thermal stress is associated with the induction of a specific set of proteins called heat shock proteins and with the induction of thermal tolerance. Heat stress has been shown to be capable of inducing at least partial tolerance to other stresses, including some oxidant stresses. Furthermore, these oxidant stresses are reported to be inducers of heat shock proteins. We hypothesized that hyperoxic stress would induce heat shock proteins and that factors induced by thermal stress, including heat shock proteins, would offer at least partial protection from hyperoxic exposure. We were particularly interested in a level of protection that would be relevant to clinical situations. Lung fibroblasts and live animals were exposed to thermal stress and/or hyperoxic stress and examined for induction of HSP70 (the most conserved of the heat shock proteins) and for induced tolerance as determined by the ability of cells to metabolize 3-(4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and by comparison of lung wet to dry weight ratios in live animals. Each stress induced tolerance to itself, but there was no evidence of heat stress inducing tolerance to hyperoxic stress. Furthermore, there was only minimal induction of HSP70 mRNA by hyperoxic exposure. We conclude that some overlap of mechanisms of induced tolerance by hyperoxic and thermal stress exists, but that differences far outweigh similarities.
Relationships between eating disorder characteristics and love and sex attitudes

The current study explored theories proposing relationship difficulties in women with eating disorder characteristics. Results for the sample of 232 women (82% White-non-Hispanic, 12% White-Hispanic, 4% Black, 2% Oriental and other) indicated that eating disorder characteristics were most consistently positively related to a possessive and game-playing approach to love, and most consistently negatively related to a passionate and companionate love approach. In addition, eating disorder characteristics were positively related to casual and instrumental sexual attitudes, and negatively related to idealistic sexual attitudes. Women who were more endorsing of eating disorders were also lower in sexual self-esteem. Women who were dissatisfied with themselves physically, differed from satisfied women on several measures. Interpersonal features appear to be related to eating disorder characteristics in various ways.