cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is Supplementary Fixation Necessary in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions

Background: There has been concern regarding the fixation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, with soft tissue grafts being strong and stiff enough to allow for early accelerated postoperative rehabilitation. Therefore, some have recommended supplementary fixation for soft tissue tibia interference screw fixation with a staple, to improve the strength and stiffness of the fixation. Unfortunately, with staple supplementation, there is a risk for symptomatic hardware, which may require a second surgery to remove the staple.Hypothesis: Supplementary fixation with a bioabsorbable knotless suture anchor will improve the structural properties of soft tissue tibia bioabsorbable interference screw (BIS) fixation and be comparable with supplementary fixation with a staple.Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.Method: Fifteen porcine tibias and flexor profundus tendons were randomized into 3 fixation study groups: group 1, BIS; group 2, BIS + staple; and group 3, BIS + push-lock screw. The structural ...
Memories of famous neuroscientists Robert Wartenberg: Stormy Petrel 1 of neurology; rebel of book reviewers*

Abstract This “Sherlock Holmes”; in the discipline of neurology, always searching for truth accuracy and dependability of researcher, clinician or writer, advanced his endowment into book reviewing. His acrid criticism was accurate, for the succeeding edition always embodied all recommendations, but at all times everyone benefited from the Wartenberg warmth, for he never made enemies with his microscopic scrutiny of facts in his unique but complete review of a tome.
Transposon mutagenesis of the mouse germline

Sleeping Beauty is a synthetic "cut-and-paste" transposon of the Tc1/mariner class. The Sleeping Beauty transposase (SB) was constructed on the basis of a consensus sequence obtained from an alignment of 12 remnant elements cloned from the genomes of eight different fish species. Transposition of Sleeping Beauty elements has been observed in cultured cells, hepatocytes of adult mice, one-cell mouse embryos, and the germline of mice. SB has potential as a random germline insertional mutagen useful for in vivo gene trapping in mice. Previous work in our lab has demonstrated transposition in the male germline of mice and transmission of novel inserted transposons in offspring. To determine sequence preferences and mutagenicity of SB-mediated transposition, we cloned and analyzed 44 gene-trap transposon insertion sites from a panel of 30 mice. The distribution and sequence content flanking these cloned insertion sites was compared to 44 mock insertion sites randomly selected from the genome. We find that germline SB transposon insertion sites are AT-rich and the sequence ANNTANNT is favored compared to other TA dinucleotides. Local transposition occurs with insertions closely linked to the donor site roughly one-third of the time. We find that approximately 27% of the transposon insertions are in transcription units. Finally, we characterize an embryonic lethal mutation caused by endogenous splicing disruption in mice carrying a particular intron-inserted gene-trap transposon.
Nap1 Links Transcription Elongation, Chromatin Assembly, and Messenger RNP Complex Biogenesis

Chromatin remodeling is central to the regulation of transcription elongation. We demonstrate that the conserved Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone chaperone Nap1 associates with chromatin. We show that Nap1 regulates transcription of PHO5, and the increase in transcript level and the higher phosphatase activity plateau observed for Deltanap1 cells suggest that the net function of Nap1 is to facilitate nucleosome reassembly during transcription elongation. To further our understanding of histone chaperones in transcription elongation, we identified factors that regulate the function of Nap1 in this process. One factor investigated is an essential mRNA export and TREX complex component, Yra1. Nap1 interacts directly with Yra1 and genetically with other TREX complex components and the mRNA export factor Mex67. Additionally, we show that the recruitment of Nap1 to the coding region of actively transcribed genes is Yra1 dependent and that its recruitment to promoters is TREX complex independent. These observations suggest that Nap1 functions provide a new connection between transcription elongation, chromatin assembly, and messenger RNP complex biogenesis.
Software behavior oriented parallelization

Many sequential applications are difficult to parallelize because of unpredictable control flow, indirect data access, and input-dependent parallelism. These difficulties led us to build a software system for behavior oriented parallelization (BOP), which allows a program to be parallelized based on partial information about program behavior, for example, a user reading just part of the source code, or a profiling tool examining merely one or few executions.The basis of BOP is programmable software speculation, where a user or an analysis tool marks possibly parallel regions in the code, and the run-time system executes these regions speculatively. It is imperative to protect the entire address space during speculation. The main goal of the paper is to demonstrate that the general protection can be made cost effective by three novel techniques: programmable speculation, critical-path minimization, and value-based correctness checking. On a recently acquired multi-core, multi-processor PC, the BOP system reduced the end-to-end execution time by integer factors for a Lisp interpreter, a data compressor, a language parser, and a scientific library, with no change to the underlying hardware or operating system.
Low vision: the role of visual acuity in the efficiency of cursor movement

Graphical user interfaces are one of the more prevalent interface types which exist today. The popularity of this interface type has caused problems for users with poor vision. Because usage strategies of low vision users differ from blind users, existing research focusing on blind users is not sufficient in describing the techniques employed by low vision users.The research presented here characterizes the interaction strategies of a particular set of low vision users, those with Age-related Macular Degeneration, using an analysis of cursor movement. The low vision users have been grouped according to the severity of their vision loss and then compared to fully sighted individuals, with respect to cursor movement efficiency.Results revealed that as the size of the icons on the computer screen increased, so did the performance of the fully sighted participants as well as the participants with AMD.
Uninterruptible Power Supplies

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) systems are typically designed to provide power to computers for five to thirty minutes after all utility company power has failed. In addition to providing blackout and brownout protection, many UPS systems also protect against spikes, surges, sags, and noise, and some also offer many of the features found in power distribution units (PDUs). The major components or subsystems of a typical UPS system are detailed, and a sample bid specification is appended. Three sidebars discuss UPSs and air conditioning, the maintenance bypass switch (MBS), and literature for further reading.
Estimation and Tracking of Partial Planar Templates to Improve VSLAM

We present an algorithm that can segment and track partial planar templates, from a sequence of images taken from a moving camera. By “partial planar template”, we mean that the template is the projection of a surface patch that is only partially planar; some of the points may correspond to other surfaces. The algorithm segments each image template to identify the pixels that belong to the dominant plane, and determines the three dimensional structure of that plane. We show that our algorithm improves the accuracy of visual simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM), especially in scenes where surface discontinuities are common.
Attention to Background Strain Is Essential for Metabolic Research: C57BL/6 and the International Knockout Mouse Consortium

The International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) introduces its targeted constructs into C57BL/6N embryonic stem cells. However, breeding with a Cre-recombinase and/or Flp-recombinase mouse is required for the generation of a null allele with the IKMC cassette. Many recombinase strains are in the C57BL/6J background, resulting in knockout animals on a mixed strain background. This can lead to variability in metabolic data and the use of improper control groups. While C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J are derived from the same parental C57BL/6 strain, there are key genotypic and phenotypic differences between these substrains. Many researchers may not even be aware of these differences, as the shorthand C57BL/6 is often used to describe both substrains. We found that 58% of articles involving genetically modified mouse models did not completely address background strain. This review will describe these two substrains and highlight the importance of separate consideration in mouse model development. Our aim is to increase awareness of this issue in the diabetes research community and to provide practical strategies to enable researchers to avoid mixed strain animals when using IKMC knockout mice.
Multicultural Education Policies in Canada and the United States. Reva Joshee and Lauri Johnson (Eds.): Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia Press, 2007. ISBN 978–0–7748–1325–9 (hardcover), ISBN 978–0–7748–1326–6 (paperback). 255 pp

Multicultural Educational Policies in Canada and the United States, edited by Reva Joshee and Lauri Johnson, contributes to the field of comparative multicultural education in several important way...
A Technique in Contour Integration

A rotation of an integration contour is shown to lead, in some cases, to interesting integral identities. Elementary and non-elementary examples are provided. 1. INTRODUCTION. An application of contour integration presented here, while nearly trivial in conception and implementation, and capable of extensive generaliza- tion, does not appear in standard texts and is able to produce striking and potentially useful integral identities such as the following. Suppose that b; c > 0 and dD.b 2 c/=2> 0. Then Z 1
How Should We Diagnose Myocarditis, and Is its Recognition Really Clinically Relevant?

Although the clinical spectrum of acute myocarditis varies from cardiogenic shock to asymptomatic electrocardiographic abnormalities during community viral outbreaks, its 3 most common clinical presentations are chest pain mimicking acute myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart
Engineering of Novel Thermoelectric Materials and Devices for Next Generation, Long Life, 20% Efficient Space Power Systems

Proven state-of–practice “heritage” thermoelectric (TE) materials used in extremely reliable radioisotope power systems (RPS) exhibit only modest dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) values, resulting in relatively system-level conversion efficiencies of 6 to 6.5%. These heritage materials have been known since the late 1950’s and 1960’s, so that even the recently developed multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG) used in the recent mission to Mars, Curiosity, builds upon 40-year old thermoelectric converter technology. However, there is great potential for large gains in performance thanks to recent advances in materials synthesis, the discovery of novel complex structure compounds, the ability to engineer with increasing precision microand nanostructure features coupled with improved scientific understanding of electrical and thermal transport in such engineered materials and the means to perform in-depth theoretical simulations with fast turnaround time.
Sensitivity theory from a differential viewpoint

An alternate derivation of sensitivity functions in terms of functional derivatives is presented to interpret sensitivity results from a differential viewpoint. No reference is made in this approach to perturbations or variations in defining sensitivity functions so that they can be seen to be ''exact'' differential quantities. The differential approach should allow sensitivity methods to be applied more easily to simple model problems in the areas of shielding and core physics, since these problems can be analyzed in terms of functional derivatives. (auth)
Abstract 739: The role of obesity on inflammation markers in the prostate tumor microenvironment

Background: Obesity reflects a chronic inflammatory environment that may contribute to prostate cancer progression and poor treatment outcomes. However, it is not clear which mechanisms drive this association within the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this pilot study was to examine prostatic inflammation via tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages characterized by obesity and cancer severity. Methods: We studied paraffin-embedded prostatectomy tissue from 99 participants (63 non-obese and 36 obese) from the Study of Clinical Outcomes, Risk and Ethnicity (University of Pennsylvania) Pathologists analyzed the tissue for type and count of lymphocytes and macrophages, including CD3, CD8, FOXP3, and CD68. Pathology data were linked to clinical and demographic variables. Statistical analyses included frequency tables, Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman correlations, and multivariable models. Results: We observed positive univariate associations between the number of CD68 cells and tumor grade (p = 0.019), as well as biochemical failure (p = 0.033). In multivariable analysis, CD3 and CD8 counts were associated with time to biochemical failure (HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88-0.99; HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.01-1.17, respectively.) Preliminary results suggested differences in lymphocytes by race. There were no differences in lymphocytes or macrophages by obesity status or BMI. Conclusions: The number of lymphocytes and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment did not differ by obesity status. However, these inflammation markers were associated with poor prostate cancer outcomes. Further examination of underlying mechanisms that influence obesity-related effects on prostate cancer outcomes is warranted. Such research will guide immunotherapy protocols and weight management as they apply to diverse patient populations and phenotypes. Citation Format: Charnita M. Zeigler-Johnson, Knashawn H. Morales, Priti Lal, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Michael Feldman. The role of obesity on inflammation markers in the prostate tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 739.
The Psychophysics of Tactile Perception and its Peripheral Physiological Basis

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the fundamental aspects of tactile psychophysics. The chapter also reviews the role of mechanoreceptive afferent neurons in mediating the psychophysical phenomena. This has proven to be a particularly fruitful avenue during the last two decades of research. The chapter focuses on tactile perceptions that are derived from the information provided by mechanoreceptors innervating the skin, and in some cases, subcutaneous tissues. Cutaneous mechanoreceptors are defined functionally as those elements of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that are selectively responsive to non-noxious mechanical stimulation of the skin. A large body of data exists concerning the neurophysiological properties of cutaneous mechanoreceptors and their afferent fibers. This is reviewed in the chapter. The review encompasses the scientific advances over the last two decades related to tactile perception and its peripheral physiological basis. There are two significant features of this progress. First, the comparison between psychophysical and neurophysiological data is found to be valuable in experiments employing well-controlled and reproducible stimuli. Second, the development of more sophisticated models of somatosensation has provided greater insight into the neural basis of tactile perception, and has allowed for a wider range of experimental questions to be considered.
Relationship between Sugars and Phenylpropanoids in Tubers from Diverse Genotypes

Previous studies suggested sucrose may play a regulatory role in potato phenylpropanoid metabolism via activation of MYB transcription factors, but the interaction between sucrose and phenylpropanoids has not been studied in field grown potatoes. Exogenous sucrose increased phenylpropanoids in plantlets, whereas wounding of tuber samples increased sucrose and phenylpropanoids. Tuber sugars and phenylpropanoids were measured in over 100 different potato samples representing different genotypes, developmental stages and locations. Total phenolic content ranged from 1.6 to 17.0 mg/g dry wt and sucrose concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 132 mg/g dry wt. Sucrose was the most abundant sugar, followed by glucose and fructose. Overall, a modest positive correlation was seen between sucrose and phenolic concentrations (R2 = 0.55; p < 0.01). Typically, tubers with a higher concentration of sucrose contained higher phenolic levels. When the same cultivars were grown in multiple locations, the tubers with the lowest amount of phenolics also had the lowest amount of sucrose. The higher amounts of phenolics found in immature potatoes relative to mature potatoes also correlated with higher amounts of sucrose. Tubers infected with Zebra chip disease had higher amounts of phenylpropanoids, and also higher amounts of sucrose. These data support a regulatory role for sucrose in tuber phenylpropanoid metabolism and suggest that the absolute amount of tuber sucrose is important, but also changes in tuber sucrose homeostasis.
A Cluster of Group A Streptococcal Infections in a Skilled Nursing Facility-the Potential Role of Healthcare Worker Presenteeism.

Objectives To determine the extent of a group A streptococcus (GAS) cluster (2 residents with invasive GAS (invasive case-patients), 2 carriers) caused by a single strain (T antigen type 2 and M protein gene subtype 2.0 (T2, emm 2.0)), evaluate factors contributing to transmission, and provide recommendations for disease control. Design Cross-sectional analysis and retrospective review. Setting Skilled nursing facility (SNF). Participants SNF residents and staff. Measurements The initial cluster was identified through laboratory notification and screening of SNF residents with wounds. Laboratory and SNF administrative records were subsequently reviewed to identify additional residents with GAS, oropharyngeal and wound (if present) swabs were collected from SNF staff and residents to examine GAS colonization, staff were surveyed to assess infection control practices and risk factors for GAS colonization, epidemiologic links between case-patients and persons colonized with GAS were determined, and facility infection control practices were assessed. Results No additional invasive case-patients were identified. Oropharyngeal swabs obtained from all 167 SNF residents were negative; one wound swab grew GAS that was the same as the outbreak strain (T2, emm 2.0). The outbreak strain was not identified in any of the 162 staff members. One of six staff members diagnosed with GAS pharyngitis worked while ill and had direct contact with invasive case-patients within a few weeks before their onset of symptoms. Additional minor breaches in infection control were noted. Conclusion Sick healthcare workers may have introduced GAS into the SNF, with propagation by infection control lapses. “Presenteeism,” or working while ill, may introduce and transmit GAS to vulnerable in SNF populations. Identification of an invasive GAS case-patient should trigger a prompt response by facilities to prevent further transmission and workplace culture, and policies should be in place to discourage presenteeism in healthcare settings.
Hemorrhagic Shock Inhibits Myelopoiesis Independent of Bacterial Translocation

Hemorrhagic shock has been demonstrated to increase the susceptibility to bacterial infection [1–5]. Infection rates in patients who had sustained hemorrhagic shock complicating penetrating abdominal injury have been shown to be two to three times that for normotensive patients [4, 5]. Esrig demonstrated that a sublethal injection of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) resulted in significant mortality in rats following hemorrhagic shock [1]. This increased susceptibility to infection has been documented to persist for several days following shock in both rodent and murine models [2, 3]. Shock has also been demonstrated to result in numerous alterations in both cell-mediated and humoral immunity [3, 6, 7]. Among these is the failure of the bone marrow to mount a normal myelopoietic response to a challenge of intraperitoneal LPS following shock [8]. We have demonstrated that rats challenged with LPS after hemorrhagic shock resulted in a decline in the number of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) compared with un-shocked rats [8]. Simultaneous with the loss of normal myelopoiesis is the appearance of serum factors inhibitory to CFU-GM growth.
De-identified genomic data sharing: the research participant perspective

Combining datasets into larger and separate datasets is becoming increasingly common, and personal identifiers are often removed in order to maintain participant anonymity. Views of research participants on the use of de-identified data in large research datasets are important for future projects, such as the Precision Medicine Initiative and Cancer Moonshot Initiative. This quantitative study set in the USA examines participant preferences and evaluates differences by demographics and cancer history. Study participants were recruited from the Northwest Cancer Genetics Registry and included cancer patients, their relatives, and controls. A secure online survey was administered to 450 participants. While the majority participants were not concerned about personal identification when participating in a genetic study using de-identified data, they expressed their concern that researchers protect their privacy and information. Most participants expressed a desire that their data should be available for as many research studies as possible, and in doing so, they would increase their chance of receiving personal health information. About 20% of participants felt that a link should not be maintained between the participant and their de-identified data. Reasons to maintain a link included an ability to return individual health results and an ability to support further research. Knowledge of participants' attitudes regarding the use of data into a research repository and the maintenance of a link to de-identified data is critical to the success of recruitment into future genomic research projects.
The relationship between social desirability bias and self-reports of health, substance use, and social network factors among urban substance users in Baltimore, Maryland.

Abstract Background Social desirability response bias may lead to inaccurate self-reports and erroneous study conclusions. The present study examined the relationship between social desirability response bias and self-reports of mental health, substance use, and social network factors among a community sample of inner-city substance users. Methods The study was conducted in a sample of 591 opiate and cocaine users in Baltimore, Maryland from 2009 to 2013. Modified items from the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale were included in the survey, which was conducted face-to-face and using Audio Computer Self Administering Interview (ACASI) methods. Results There were highly statistically significant differences in levels of social desirability response bias by levels of depressive symptoms, drug use stigma, physical health status, recent opiate and cocaine use, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores, and size of social networks. There were no associations between health service utilization measures and social desirability bias. In multiple logistic regression models, even after including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as a measure of depressive symptomology, social desirability bias was associated with recent drug use and drug user stigma. Social desirability bias was not associated with enrollment in prior research studies. Conclusions These findings suggest that social desirability bias is associated with key health measures and that the associations are not primarily due to depressive symptoms. Methods are needed to reduce social desirability bias. Such methods may include the wording and prefacing of questions, clearly defining the role of “study participant,” and assessing and addressing motivations for socially desirable responses.
Lunarport: A proposed Lunar-resource station to expand deep-space travel horizons

Deep-space travel is limited by the costly voyage to leave Earth's atmosphere and gravitational pull. The volume of propellants per unit mass of the payload required for that segment constrains the payload size and payload destination. To circumvent that limitation, this paper presents the feasibility of a refueling station using Lunar resources, called Lunarport. On Earth's moon, an unmanned station will robotically mine, produce, and store fuel and oxidizer from water ice at the poles. A first-stage-like rocket, called the Lunar Resupply Shuttle (LRS), stationed there and propelled with mined resources, will launch and dock with a passing payload-carrying rocket. That rocket will be reloaded with propellants by the LRS, after which the LRS will detach and the payload-carrying rocket will continue its journey to its desired trajectory. The LRS will wait in Lower Lunar Orbit (LLO, to avoid deterioration from Lunar regolith) until another payload-carrying rocket is launched from Earth, after which, the LRS will land back on the Moon, reload propellants, and launch again to dock with the next rocket. This paper elaborates on Lunarport, presenting proof-of-concept calculations of the increase in payload size sent to various payload destinations as well as a cost-benefit analysis. By way of example, NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) en-route to Mars that refuels at Lunarport can have a payload approximately 17 metric tons (mT) heavier than one traveling straight to Mars from Earth. This increase of more than 50% [1] is just to a relatively nearby planet — Mars. Sending a payload farther offers larger benefits with Lunarport. Wear-and-tear issues the port will be subjected to are also discussed. A full analysis of Lunarport will be done during the 2017 Caltech Space Challenge sponsored by Airbus Defence and Space held from March 26–31, 2017.
Harnessing Epicardial Progenitor Cells and Their Derivatives for Rescue and Repair of Cardiac Tissue After Myocardial Infarction

Ischemic heart disease and stroke lead to the greatest number of deaths worldwide. Despite decreased time to intervention and improvements in the standard of care, one out of five patients who survive a myocardial infarction (MI) still face long-term chronic heart failure and a 5-year mortality rate of about 50%. Based on their multi-potency for differentiation and paracrine activity, epicardial cells and their derivatives have potential to rescue jeopardized tissue and/or promote cardiac regeneration. Here, we review the diagnosis and treatment of MI, basic epicardial cell biology, and potential treatment strategies designed to harness the reparative properties of epicardial cells. During cardiac development, epicardial cells covering the surface of the heart generate migratory progenitor cells that contribute to the coronary vasculature and the interstitial fibroblasts. Epicardial cells also produce paracrine signals required for myocardial expansion and cardiac growth. In adults with myocardial infarction, epicardial cells and their derivatives provide paracrine factors that affect myocardial remodeling and repair. At present, the intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic signals that regulate epicardial cell fate and paracrine activity in adults remain poorly understood. Human diseases that result in heart failure due to negative remodeling or extensive loss of viable cardiac tissue require new, effective treatments. Improved understanding of epicardial cell function(s) and epicardial-mediated secretion of growth factors, cytokines, and hormones during cardiac growth, homeostasis, and injury may lead to new ways to treat patients with myocardial infarction.
Bronfenbrenner's theoretical framework adapted to women with disabilities experiencing intimate partner violence.

This chapter examines how Bronfenbrenner’s applied bioecological Process-Person-Context-Time (PPCT) model of systems, integrated with current research on women with disabilities (WWDs) experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV), can help practitioners understand the dynamics of WWD leaving the abuse or maintaining the silence. Efforts to support WWD to safety and out of isolation will not be as effective unless practitioners carefully consider WWD’s entire ecological context in terms of proximal processes such as bidirectional interactions with partners, children, and bystanders; personal demand, resource, and dispositional characteristics; contextual micro-, exo-, and macrosystem effects; and micro-, meso-, and macrotime influences.
Evenly spaced columns in the Bishop Tuff (California, USA) as relicts of hydrothermal cooling

Author(s): Randolph-Flagg, N; Breen, S; Hernandez, A; Manga, M; Self, S | Abstract: A few square kilometers of the Bishop Tuff in eastern California (USA) have evenly spaced columns that are more resistant to erosion than the surrounding tuff owing to the precipitation of mordenite, a low-temperature (100-130 °C) zeolite. We hypothesize that the columns are a result of instabilities at the liquid water and steam interface as cold water seeped into the still-cooling Bishop Tuff. We use two methods to quantitatively assess this hypothesis. First, scaling shows which hydrodynamic instabilities exist in the system. Second, to account for the effects of multiphase flow, latent heat, and the finite amplitude and temporal evolution of these instabilities we use two-dimensional numerical models of liquid water infiltrating hot tuff. These tests highlight several features of boiling hydrothermal systems. (1) The geometry of at least some convection appears to be broadly captured by linear stability theory that neglects reactive transport, heterogeneity of the host rock, and the finite amplitude of instabilities. (2) Slopes g 10% set the wavelength of convection, meaning that these columns formed somewhere with relatively gentle topography. (3) For permeabilities of g 10-13 m2, the wavelength of the instability changes through time, slowing infiltration, while for permeabilities l 10-15 m2, cooling is dominated by conduction. The spacing and stability of columns increase with higher vertical permeability and decrease with higher horizontal permeability. These columns are a rare window into hydrothermal processes that may be widespread.
Nonepileptic Psychogenic Status Epilepticus

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are a common and debilitating mimic of epileptic seizures. Prolonged PNES, lasting >20 min, are categorized as nonepileptic psychogenic status epilepticus (NEPS) and constitute the most important differential diagnosis for status epilepticus. NEPS is frequently mistaken for status epilepticus, and this has resulted in serious iatrogenic harm and even mortality. It is therefore essential to consider and rule out the diagnosis of NEPS in any patient presenting with apparent status epilepticus. Diagnosis can involve clinical history, seizure semiology, and other supportive tests, with video-electroencephalogram as the gold standard. This chapter reviews the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of NEPS. The differential diagnoses of mimics of convulsive and nonconvulsive status epilepticus, other than NEPS, are also reviewed.
Multi-dimensional nature of innovation at Amazon

The paper presents the evolution of Amazon as a company case study based on the analysis of documentary data and interviews with industry consultants responsible for advising strategic growth plans for large and fast growth firms in technology-intensive industries. Our analysis reveals many distinct and diverse patterns of innovation at Amazon that come under customer-driven innovation (based on unmet needs revealed from customer research), technological innovation (leading to radical process redesigns), business model innovations (stemming from bold new visions about the future), and open innovation (co-innovation partnerships with other firms). While our examples from Amazon provide the empirical basis for the paper, we believe that the patterns of innovation revealed by these specific examples underline broad patterns of innovation models that other firms can emulate. We conclude the paper with implications for future research and practitioners.
A GPU-Accelerated Parameter Interpolation Thermodynamic Integration Free Energy Method

There has been a resurgence of interest in free energy methods motivated by the performance enhancements offered by molecular dynamics (MD) software written for specialized hardware, such as graphics processing units (GPUs). In this work, we exploit the properties of a parameter-interpolated thermodynamic integration (PI-TI) method to connect states by their molecular mechanical (MM) parameter values. This pathway is shown to be better behaved for Mg2+ → Ca2+ transformations than traditional linear alchemical pathways (with and without soft-core potentials). The PI-TI method has the practical advantage that no modification of the MD code is required to propagate the dynamics, and unlike with linear alchemical mixing, only one electrostatic evaluation is needed (e.g., single call to particle-mesh Ewald) leading to better performance. In the case of AMBER, this enables all the performance benefits of GPU-acceleration to be realized, in addition to unlocking the full spectrum of features available within the...
The Stressor-Strain Framework:

This article presents a stress model as a means to help therapists and counselors understand the various components of the person's ability to appraise and cope with stress. The model provides informaction for both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In addition, social support is proposed as a means by which stress can be buffered. Suggestions are presented to help therapists and counselors to determine if social support exists in a cross-cultural context such as families and therapy groups when working with Hispanic Vietnam Veterans.
Intracellular Actions of Melatonin with a Summary of Its Interactions with Reactive Oxygen Species

Until recently it was assumed that all of melatonin’s actions in mammals relied on the binding of melatonin to specific membrane receptors in select areas of the central nervous system as well as to some cells outside of the brain, e.g., the pars tuberalis of the anterior pituitary gland (Stankov et al., 1991; Morgan, 1993). However, recently intracellular binding sites have been identified in the nuclei of hepatic cells (Acuna-Castroviejo et al., 1993, 1994), leaving open the possibly that similar intranuclear binding sites may be found in other cells as well. Additionally, the high lipid solubility of melatonin allows it to enter cells readily where, in the cytosol, it may form a complex with calmodulin (CaM) thereby influencing the actions of this widely acting intracellular molecule (Benitz-King and Anton-Tay, 1993). Finally, melatonin is now known to be a potent oxygen radical scavenger throughout the cell (Tan et al., 1993a). This being the case, melatonin will obviously influence any cellular event which depends on the redox state of the cell.
Angular momentum loss for a binary system in Einstein-Æther theory

The recent gravitational wave observations provide insight into the extreme gravity regime of coalescing binaries, where gravity is strong, dynamical and nonlinear. The interpretation of these observations relies on the comparison of the data to a gravitational wave model, which in turn depends on the orbital evolution of the binary, and in particular on its orbital energy and angular momentum decay. In this paper, we calculate the latter in the inspiral of a nonspinning compact binary system within Einstein-\AE{}ther theory. From the theory's gravitational wave stress energy tensor and a balance law, we compute the angular momentum decay both as a function of the fields in the theory and as a function of the multipole moments of the binary. We then specialize to a Keplerian parametrization of the orbit to express the angular momentum decay as a function of the binary's orbital elements. We conclude by combining this with the orbital energy decay to find expressions for the decay of the semimajor axis and the orbital eccentricity of the binary. We find that these rates of decay are typically faster in Einstein-\AE{}ther theory than in general relativity due to the presence of dipole radiation. Such modifications will imprint onto the chirp rate of gravitational waves, leaving a signature of Einstein-\AE{}ther theory that if absent in the data could be used to stringently constrain it.
Improving Quality Through Nursing Participation at Bedside Rounds in a Pediatric Acute Care Unit: A Pilot Project

Abstract Problem Implementation of bedside rounds enhances communication and collaboration between physicians and nurses, resulting in improved clinical outcomes. Yet, the literature demonstrates that it remains difficult for nurses to attend rounds if they don't know when they are happening. Purpose This project aimed to increase nurses' presence and participation at bedside rounds in a pediatric acute care unit, enhance teamwork and collaboration, and improve quality outcomes. Design and methods Nurses carried a pager so that physicians could alert them of rounds. Perception of teamwork and collaboration was assessed via surveys pre- and post-intervention as well as the annual survey evaluating RN and MD interactions from the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators™ (NDNQI®). Other quality outcome measures included length of stay and patient satisfaction through Press Ganey™ surveys. Results Findings demonstrated that when nurses were notified in advance, their participation in rounds increased from 44.4 to 73%. Length of stay decreased from 2.5 days prior to the project to an average of 2.10 days during the project. Scores on inpatient satisfaction surveys increased from 82.4 to 92.2%, and nursing communication improved from 83.3 to 95.65%. Conclusion Interprofessional collaboration as reflected by the inclusion of nurses at bedside rounds led to positive outcomes in patient care. Implications Increasing nurses' presence and providing them with a role at rounds is an important step towards fostering teamwork and collaboration with physicians and enhancing team-based care in a pediatric inpatient setting. Further research measuring the impact of interprofessional collaboration in healthcare is needed.
Hyperacusis and disorders of sound intolerance.

Patients present to audiologists with concerns regarding uncomfortable loudness perception in the face of normal hearing or in being extremely disturbed by sounds such as breathing, chewing and swa...
Opportunity Gaps in Out-of-School Learning: How Structural and Process Features of Programs Relate to Race and Socioeconomic Status.

Out-of-school learning programs can be a context for positive development and learning for children and youth. However, research points to potential racial and socioeconomic disparities, or opportu...
Combining Image Compression with Digital Image Correlation

Digital image correlation (DIC) is a powerful experimental technique to determine displacement and strain fields. DIC methods usually require a large number of high resolution images, and this imposes significant needs on data storage and transmission. In this work, we combine digital image correlation with image compression techniques and show that it is possible to obtain accurate displacement and strain fields with only 5% of the original image size. We study two compression techniques – discrete cosine transform (DCT) and wavelet transform, and three DIC algorithms – Local Subset DIC, Global DIC and the recently proposed augmented Lagrangian DIC (ALDIC). We find that Local Subset DIC leads to the largest errors and ALDIC to the smallest when compressed images are used. We also find that wavelet-based image compression introduces less error compared to DCT image compression.
Right Heart Function Worsens in LVAD Patients with Decoupling between Pulmonary Artery and Wedge Pressures

Purpose Decoupling between diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (dPAP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is an index of pulmonary vascular damage and is associated with recurrence of heart failure during LVAD support. This study aimed to investigate the impact of decoupling on right heart function. Methods In this prospective study, LVAD patients underwent invasive hemodynamic testing. Decoupling was defined as >5 mmHg of difference between dPAP and PCWP. We compared right heart function between those with and without decoupling, as assessed by transthoracic echocardiography at the time of catheterization and one year later. Results 69 patients (mean age 61 years, 49% male) were enrolled. 33 patients (48%) had decoupling. At baseline, all investigated right heart parameters were worse in the decoupling group (p Conclusion Presence of decoupling has a negative impact on right heart function during LVAD support. Therapeutic strategies to address decoupling may reduce right heart failure post-LVAD.
Retrieval-Based Word Learning in Young Typically Developing Children and Children With Development Language Disorder II: A Comparison of Retrieval Schedules

Purpose Retrieval practice has been found to be a powerful strategy to enhance long-term retention of new information; however, the utility of retrieval practice when teaching young children new wo...
A Generalization of the Goresky–Klapper Conjecture, Part II

Suppose that f(x)=Axk mod p is a permutation of the least residues mod p. With the exception of the maps f(x) = Ax and Ax(p+1)/2 mod p we show that for fixed n≥2 the image of each residue class mod...
The Impacts of Principal Turnover.

Nationally, 18% of principals turn over each year, yet research has not yet credibly established the effects of this turnover on student and teacher outcomes. Using statewide data from Missouri and...
Shared Decision-Making and Self-Directed Care

Patient involvement in health care is driven by ethical, theoretical, and practical considerations and has clear implications for mental health policy. The realization that patients and clinicians need to collaborate closely for successful treatment is especially salient for people with chronic health conditions. Indeed, the mental health field is witnessing a proliferation of patient-centered practices. We focus on two general strategies: shared decision-making (SDM) and self-directed care, both of which require patient involvement in mental health service delivery and in promoting mental well-being. These strategies also require a fundamental shift in issues of the working relationship in the production of health outcomes; who controls the work in mental health services? How do we balance preferences and expertise in making key decisions to promote mental health and well-being? This chapter wrestles with these issues and highlights research evidence for practices that promote SDM and self-directed care. We also describe key challenges in implementing these approaches and point to directions for future research.
You get back what you give: Decreased hospital infections with improvement in CHG bathing, a mathematical modeling and cost analysis.

Background Multiple studies have shown that bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) wipes reduces hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We employed a mathematical model to assess the impact of CHG patient bathing on central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), and hospital-onset Clostridium difficile (C diff) infections and the associated costs. Methods Using a Markov chain, we examined the effect of CHG bathing compliance on HAI outcomes and the associated costs. Using estimates from 2 different studies on CHG bathing effectiveness for CLABSI, CAUTI, and C diff, the number of HAIs per year were estimated along with associated costs. The simulations were conducted, assuming CHG bathing at varying compliance rates. Results At 32% reduction in HAI incidence, increasing CHG bathing compliance from 60% to 90% results in 20 averted infections and $815,301.75 saved cost. Conclusions As CHG bathing compliance increases, yearly HAIs decrease, and the overall cost associated with the HAIs also decreases.
Effect of armed conflict on vaccination: evidence from the Boko haram insurgency in northeastern Nigeria

Armed conflicts can have severe adverse effects on population health, both directly and indirectly, through the destruction of health care systems. This paper evaluates the causal effect of the Boko Haram insurgency in northeastern Nigeria on the vaccination rate. By matching children’s birth months and the months of armed conflict, we evaluate the effect of armed conflict on the vaccination rate of children. We use two datasets: the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) for vaccinations and the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) Georeferenced Event Dataset (UCDP GED) for armed-conflict events. We find a large negative effect of conflict events on the likelihood of vaccination; if an armed conflict occurs within 10 km from where a child resides, the odds that child receives any vaccination are 47.2% lower. Odds ratio for BCG and DPT1 is 0.55 and 0.52 respectively. We also find that armed conflicts have more impact among the non-educated population than among the educated. Overall, armed conflicts had a devastating effect on the vaccination of young children who were born at the time of these conflicts in northeastern Nigeria. A reduced vaccination rate puts the vulnerable population in affected areas at risk of contracting vaccine-preventable diseases.
The Athlete’s Heart

There are numerous cardiovascular adaptations to exercise. The notion that repetitive exercise affects the heart dates back to the initial descriptions of cardiac enlargement in trained athletes in the 1890s. It is now well-established that prolonged exposure to vigorous physical exercise leads to numerous changes in cardiac structure and function. The majority of these changes represent adaptations that facilitate preserved or enhanced cardiovascular function during the hemodynamic stress of exercise. This chapter will provide an overview of the adaptive cardiac physiology associated with exercise training.
SAME: sentiment-aware multi-modal embedding for detecting fake news

How to effectively detect fake news and prevent its diffusion on social media has gained much attention in recent years. However, relatively little focus has been given on exploiting user comments left for posts and latent sentiments therein in detecting fake news. Inspired by the rich information available in user comments on social media, therefore, we investigate whether the latent sentiments hidden in user comments can potentially help distinguish fake news from reliable content. We incorporate users' latent sentiments into an end-to-end deep embedding framework for detecting fake news, named as SAME. First, we use multi-modal networks to deal with heterogeneous data modalities. Second, to learn semantically meaningful spaces per data source, we adopt an adversarial mechanism. Third, we define a novel regularization loss to bring embeddings of relevant pairs closer. Our comprehensive validation using two real-world datasets, PolitiFact and GossipCop, demonstrates the effectiveness of SAME in detecting fake news, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art methods.