cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Lifestyle Medical Advice and Non-HDL Cholesterol Control of a Nationally Representative US Sample with Hypercholesterolemia by Race/Ethnicity.

Objective. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations of lifestyle medical advice and non-HDL cholesterol control of a nationally representative US sample of adults with hypercholesterolemia by race/ethnicity. Methods. Data were collected by appending sociodemographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data from two cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Survey (2007-2008 and 2009-2010). This study acquired data from male and female adults aged &#x2265;&#x2009;20 years (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;11,577), classified as either Mexican American (MA), (), other Hispanic (OH) (), Black non-Hispanic (BNH) (), or White non-Hispanic (WNH) (). Results. Minorities were more likely to report having received dietary, weight management, and exercise recommendations by healthcare professionals than WNH, adjusting for confounders. Approximately 80&#x25; of those receiving medical advice followed the recommendation, regardless of race/ethnicity. Of those who received medical advice, reporting &#x201c;currently controlling or losing weight&#x201d; was associated with lower non-HDL cholesterol. BNH who reported &#x201c;currently controlling or losing weight&#x201d; had higher non-HDL cholesterol than WNH who reported following the advice. Conclusion. The results suggest that current methods of communicating lifestyle advice may not be adequate across race/ethnicity and that a change in perspective and delivery of medical recommendations for persons with hypercholesterolemia is needed.
On the Self-Maintenance of Midlatitude Jets

Abstract In this paper an atmospheric jet is considered self-maintaining if the overall effect of baroclinic eddies is to preserve or enhance its westerly shear with height. Observations suggest that the wintertime jets in Earth’s atmosphere are self-maintaining. This has implications for the intrinsic variability of these jets—the annular modes—and for how the extratropics respond to tropical warming. The theory of quasigeostrophic eddy–zonal flow interactions is employed to determine how a jet can be self-maintaining. Whether or not a jet is self-maintaining is found to depend sensitively on the meridional distribution of the absorption of wave activity. The eddy driving of the jet in a simple two-level model of the global circulation is examined. It is found that, with approximately wintertime settings of parameters (a radiative equilibrium equator–pole temperature contrast of 60 K), the midlatitude jets in this model are self-maintaining. The jet is not self-maintaining, however, when the radiative eq...
Pacemaker therapy for early and late sinus node dysfunction in orthotopic heart transplant recipients: a single-center experience.

Background:Sinus node dysfunction (SND) is a well-known early complication of orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Its incidence over the lifetime of transplant recipients is less well characterized. The goal of this study was to determine the incidence and timing of SND treated with a permanent pacemaker in a large cohort of OHT recipients. Methods:The databases of the Yale University Heart Transplant and Electrophysiology Services were reviewed and cross referenced. Patients who received pacemakers for SND were identified for analysis. A total of 241 patients underwent OHT using biatrial anastamoses from 1984 to 2006. Two hundred sixteen patients, 149 men and 55 women, mean age 50.2 ± 11.6 years, survived > 5 days post-OHT. These, minus 12 lost to follow-up, were included in the analysis. Results:These 204 patients were followed in the Yale Heart Transplant Clinic and had yearly electrocardiograms and 24-hour ambulatory monitoring. Of these patients, 24 (four female, 20 male, mean age at transplant 49 ± 12 years) were felt to have clinically significant SND and received a pacemaker. Fourteen patients received pacemakers within 30 days of OHT; 10 patients received pacemakers 45 to 4,329 days after OHT. Conclusions:Although frequently seen as an early complication of OHT, SND remains a risk throughout the lifetime of OHT recipients. Its mechanism is likely multifactorial, and whether this risk can be mitigated over the long term by newer techniques such as bicaval anastamoses remains to be established.
A sociological case for pluralism in economics

The ideas and concepts of Pierre Bourdieu provide insight into why the culture of economics led to the failure of economists to foresee financial instability and the Great Recession. The culture of the field of economics consists of a subjective habitus that includes smooth neoclassical functions and unrealistic rational expectations models, justified by doxa that reflects the neo-liberal belief in the moral superiority of free markets and individuals’ ‘freedom to choose’. This paper argues that for economists to avoid missing the next economic crisis, they must break out of the confines of the neoclassical culture. To escape the symbolic violence and gain their freedom, economists must embrace intellectual pluralism.
Management in the 1990s

Theories of Management expressed by the business schools are critically reviewed. The need change is seen to be urgent; Mechanistic models of human behaviour are no longer adequate. The author offers his own “eclectic” theory which recognises human complexity as opposed to categorisation of human types; replaces goals and demands by hopes and expectations; adopts a long‐range view. It is predicted that in the 1990s competition will be all persuasive, R & D will be more important, and workers will be more involved with decisions.
Observations on Salmonella thompson as a poultry pathogen.

Synopsis The signs and lesions of a field outbreak of Salmonella thompson infection in chickens are described and discussed. A mortality of 30% was noted and death losses and poor quality birds were observed until the flock was destroyed at 6½ weeks of age. The S. thompson infection was established in experimental groups of chicks by oral administration of cultures and by egg contamination. Attention is called to the need for a new look at S. thompson as a unique avian pathogen.
Oceanic 232Th: A reconnaissance and implications of global distribution from manganese nodules

Abstract 232 Th concentrations in seawater reported in the literature since 1961 are compiled and evaluated, and new data are presented. In general, recent data are lower than old ones by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, with nearly all post-1980 data lower than 0.1 dpm/10 3 −1 and pre-1980 values higher than 0.1 dpm/10 3 −1. We believe this is caused by improvements in sampling and analytical techniques. Reliable profiles of 232 Th in coastal and open ocean waters have been measured in recent years, some by the newly developed neutron activation analysis and mass spectrometry techniques. The data indicate external sources of 232 Th to the surface and its scavenging throughout the water column. We suggest that aeolian input dominates in the open ocean; but, fluvial input may be more important in coastal regions if mechanisms exist for recycling Th from estuarine sediments. Some information on the global distribution pattern and marine geochemistry of 232 Th in seawater can be inferred from initial 230 Th/ 232 Th activity ratios observed on surfaces of manganese nodules and crusts. The rather distinct interocean variation of the 230 Th/ 230 Th activity ratio in the central gyre region (averaging ~ 160 in the South Pacific, ~ 60 in the North Pacific and ~ 17 in the Atlantic) may reflect higher aeolian input of materials (including 232 Th) to the Atlantic and to the northern hemisphere. Superimposed on the large-scale global trend are some small-scale variations which are indicative of the following effects: (1) abrupt change of water depth, and hence 230 Th concentration, at regions of irregular seafloor topography; (2) higher 232 Th input at ocean boundaries; and (3) enhanced supply of 232 Th from hydrothermal vents. It is still unclear whether seafloor sediments act as a net source or sink of dissolved 232 Th (and 230 Th) in bottom waters. Pore water study should be undertaken to address this important issue. This task can be accomplished by the mass spectrometric technique.
Angle resolved Auger electron spectroscopy: an alternate tool for identifying electronic excitation processes in solids

Abstract Angle resolved Auger electron spectroscopy (ARAES) is shown to be a useful tool for obtaining unique electronic structure information and identifying “satellite” excitation processes in solids. Although relatively unexplored, ARAES is an attractive tool which may complement the more conventional energy resolved AES. The ARAES method is successful because the diffraction patterns exhibited in ARAES at fixed energy are strongly dependent on the l-wave of the emitted electron and its magnetic alignment, and each Auger process is generally dominated by a different single l-wave. Potential applications for elucidating satellite excitation processes (resonant excitation, shakeup/shakeoff, and backscattering), one- and two-center decay processes, and electronic structure (directional valence bonds and orbital magnetic moments) at surfaces are discussed.
Stress, strain, and birefringence relations of swollen cis-1,4-polybutadiene crosslinked in solution

Stress–strain–birefringence relations are measured for a series of unswollen and swollen networks of cis-1,4-polybutadienes which differ both in the degree of crosslinking and in the volume fraction of rubber present during crosslinking. The stress optical coefficient (SOC), the Mooney–Rivlin constants C1, C2 and B1, B2 are calculated. Results show that the unswollen, solution-vulcanized polymers have very low values of C2 and B2, but high SOC. Upon swelling with CCl4, the stress optical coefficients decrease considerably and agree well with the values obtained by Fukuda, Wilkes, and Stein, and by Ishikawa and Nagai. The networks prepared in solution exhibit different behavior from those crosslinked in dry state, suggesting that in order to understand the origin of deviations from kinetic rubber elasticity theory and the Kuhn–Grun birefringence theory, more consideration must be given to the effect of overall network topology on stress–strain–birefringence behavior.
Angular Estimation Accuracy for Unresolved Targets

Sherman has suggested that the angular positions of two unresolved objects can be estimated using the in-phase and quadrature data from a conventional monopulse radar ([1]-[2]). In this paper, a lower bound on the optimal error covariance for this problem is computed using the generalized Cramer-Rao inequality.
Location of the nick at oriT of the F plasmid.

Abstract The oriT locus of the Escherichia coli K12 F plasmid contains a site at which one of the DNA strands is cleaved as a prelude to conjugal transmission to recipient bacteria. We have remapped this site biochemically by using oriT-containing plasmids that were purified from bacteria expressing the F transfer (tra) functions. The strand interruption was found on the transferred strand 137 base-pairs clockwise of the center of the BglII site at 66.7 on the F map. This location is consistent with the locations anticipated from studies of ΔtraF′ plasmids, but it differs from previous results by other investigators. The strand interruption produced a 3′-OH, but the nature of the 5′ terminus of the strand on the other side of the nick was not determined. Some DNA sequence motifs in the vicinity of the oriT nick site of F resemble the chromosomal site involved in formation of ΔtraF′purE plasmids.
The role of values in servant leadership

This paper reviews the existing literature regarding values in leadership. It identifies issues relating to both personal values and organizational values. The literature indicates that values affect leader behavior, as well as organizational performance. The paper also provides an overview of servant leadership theory and extrapolates applications of the values in leadership literature to three aspects of servant leadership: trust; appreciation of others; and empowerment. Values constitute the foundation of servant leadership. Fundamentally, leader values may be the underlying factors that separate servant leaders from all other leadership types.
Effect of exercise on bone mineral metabolism in diabetes

The authors attempt to assess the relationship between exercise, diabetes, and bone metabolism. An animal model system was developed to study the relationship. Animals given streptozotocin to induce a type I diabetic state show elevated plasma glucose and triglyceride levels and a decrease in body weight. Analysis of femurs revealed alterations in copper, phosphorus, and zinc levels in animals with diabetes compared with controls. Mineral analysis of femurs from diabetic animals placed on an exercise regimen revealed values closer to control levels.
Position-dependent deuterium isotope effects on the radiationless decay of the triplet state of porphyrin free bases

Abstract The effect of deuteration in slowing the radiationless decay of the triplet state of several porphyrin free bases is shown to depend critically on the position of deuteration. Deuteration of the N—H positions is one order of magnitude more effective per bond than deuteration of the ring positions.
The relationship between carbide precipitation and the in-reactor deformation of type 316 stainless steel

Abstract The precipitation of carbides from type 316 stainless steel is associated with enhanced irradiation-induced creep and swelling. Carbide precipitation occurs in irradiated type 316 materials at lower temperatures than in their unirradiated counterparts. Once the precipitate is formed, there is little tendency for it to dissolve back into the matrix upon further irradiation; thus, an irreversible change in the material's response to neutron irradiation occurs. The degree of precipitation and its effects on in-reactor strain have been investigated, and the results were used to explain double peaks in diameter profiles of irradiated fuel elements.
HEIGHTENED MEDICATION CONCERN AND SELF-REPORTED ADHERENCE AFTER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Concern about medications is associated with decreased adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease. We analyzed predictors of medication concern and aspirin non-adherence in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We surveyed 510 subjects by phone after discharge for ACS. Aspirin
Sperm washing techniques address the fertility needs of HIV-seropositive men: a clinical review

It is estimated that nearly 40 million people worldwide are infected with HIV. HIV/AIDS prevalence among young people is high, with youth under age 25 years accounting for approximately half of all new infections. Nearly 1 million Americans are HIV-seropositive. Today, HIV-seropositive individuals live active and productive lives despite their illness, largely a result of prescribed highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Most individuals are of reproductive age, and many desire to have children. Various assisted reproductive techniques have been used to reduce or eliminate infectious elements known to be present in semen so that isolated spermatozoa can be safely inseminated or used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection into oocytes. Presently, several European centres and a few US groups offer assistance to HIV seropositive men and their seronegative partners by performing either intrauterine insemination (IUI) or IVF. Since 1987, more than 3600 published attempts have been reported in which processed spermatozoa from HIV-seropositive men were used to establish pregnancy in HIV-seronegative women. Although the data remain observational, sperm washing techniques appear to be relatively safe and effective, offering HIV-serodiscordant couples an opportunity to have children.
Test results of a factory calibration technique for nonuniformity correction of an InSb infrared system

Residual fixed pattern noise (RFPN) is a strong system performance driver for missile seekers using infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA). RFPN is a result of variations in response from detector to detector in an IRFPA given a uniform input flux. This issue is further complicated by the need for reasonable correction methods for a fielded system where blackbody sources would not be available. One means of correcting a fielded system is to determine and store gains at the factory, and collect a one point offset correction in the field. For this method to be viable, gains must be stable through time. This paper presents test results for a multi-point piecewise linear correction technique using stored gains with offsets being collected just prior to correction. Data on gain stability over time and FPA temperature are presented. Results are also presented for a linear correction technique used at various FPA temperatures between approximately 77.9 to 88.1 degrees Kelvin.
The role of transformation in the variability of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae cell surface.

Summary This review discusses the genetic basis for surface changes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the role of specific transformation reactions in producing them. Variation in the structure of pilin, the subunit of gonococcal pili, occurs by transformation-mediated recombination of DNA segments in storage loci with the expression locus. These pilin loci have low recombination potential since their sequences contain only short uninterrupted identical sequences. The DNA within storage or silent loci are also relatively deficient in the short defined sequences which target DNA for efficient uptake and thus have relatively low affinity for the DNA transport system. Consequently, pilin-encoding DNA segments constitute relatively poor substrates for the general transformation system of gonococci. These considerations suggest the existence of locus-specific factors which increase the efficiency of genetic exchange between pilin loci. I raise the speculative hypothesis that one function of transformation-mediated DNA entry is to provide a regulatory stimulus signalling the death of neighbouring gonococci. This regulatory shift might lead to production of factors which accelerate genetic reshuffling of pilin loci either by transformation per se using external DNA as donor, or via a recombinational process which utilizes internally derived DNA segments as donors. A signalling function for transforming DNA also clarifies several general properties of specific transformation reactions.
Clinical applications of strain rate imaging.

Abstract Myocardial strain (ϵ) is a dimensionless index of change in myocardial length in response to an applied force. ϵ Rate (SR) is the rate of change of length and is usually obtained as the time derivative of the ϵ signal. In echocardiography, SR is calculated as the difference between 2 velocities normalized to the distance between the 2 velocities. SR imaging (SRI) has a theoretic advantage over Doppler tissue imaging in that SRI is relatively immune to cardiac translational motion and tethering. Therefore, SRI may be superior to Doppler tissue imaging in quantitative assessment of regional myocardial function and may find clinical application in the interrogation of coronary artery disease. The high frame rates of SRI have also renewed interest in timings of global and regional mechanical events, and their potential clinical applications. The high temporal resolution allows SRI to depict regional systolic and diastolic asynchrony. Ongoing clinical trials will determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of SRI parameters for a variety of clinical conditions. Potential clinical applications include investigation of ischemia (at rest and with stress), myocardial viability, and altered global and regional systolic and diastolic function in cardiomyopathies. Suboptimal signal quality remains a major limitation of strain imaging, and advances in data acquisition and postprocessing capabilities will help determine its future incorporation into standard regional myocardial assessment.
Modelling and validation of multiple reflections for enhanced laser welding

The effects of multiple internal reflections within a laser weld joint as functions of joint geometry and processing conditions have been characterized. A computer-based ray tracing model is used to predict the reflective propagation of laser beam energy focused into the narrow gap of a metal joint for the purpose of predicting the location of melting and coalescence to form a weld. Quantitative comparisons are made between simulation cases. Experimental results are provided for qualitative model validation. This method is proposed as a way to enhance process efficiency and design laser welds which display deep penetration and high depth-to-width aspect ratios without high powered systems or keyhole mode melting.
Advanced rat mammary cancers are growth hormone dependent.

Epidemiological studies suggest that the GH/IGF-I axis may promote human cancers. Animal models in which the GH/IGF-I axis can be controlled may be helpful in elucidating the role of these hormones during mammary cancer progression. Beginning at 3 or 5 wk of age, spontaneous dwarf rats (Ghdr/dr), which lack GH and have very low serum IGF-I, were treated with either rat or bovine GH twice daily. Other Ghdr/dr rats received vehicle, and wild-type Sprague Dawley rats (Gh+/+, parent strain to SDR) received vehicle. One week later, all rats were exposed to a single injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Body weight gain and serum IGF-I levels were similar in Gh+/+ and GH-treated Ghdr/dr rats. Furthermore, mammary tumor incidence, latency, and multiplicity were similar in Gh+/+ and GH-treated Ghdr/dr rats. Vehicle-treated Ghdr/dr rats developed no tumors. Once advanced (≥1 cm3) mammary cancers were established in GH-treated Ghdr/dr rats, GH treatments were halted and nearly all tumors regressed completely within ...
Adapting an evidence-based parenting program for child welfare involved teens and their caregivers

The scarcity of caregivers and the unique vulnerability of teens involved with the child welfare system necessitate effective strategies for ensuring that caregivers are prepared and supported in the important role they play with children and youth within the child welfare system. They are in a position, through the establishment of a strong, positive, supportive connection with the youth, to potentially minimize the impacts of recent trauma and interrupt a negative trajectory by preventing the youth's initiation of high-risk behavior. In this paper we describe the process used to systematically adapt Staying Connected with Your Teen™, an evidence-based, prevention-focused parenting program found in other studies to reduce the initiation of teens' risky behaviors, for use with foster teens and their relative or foster caregivers. This work has been guided by the ADAPT-ITT framework developed by Wingood and DiClemente (2008) for adapting evidence-based interventions. Qualitative work conducted in Phase 1 of this study identified the need for the development of a trusted connection between foster youth and their caregivers, as well as tools for helping them access community resources, social services, and educational supports. This paper describes the process used to develop new and adapted program activities in response to the needs identified in Phase 1. We conducted a theater test with dyads of foster youth and their caregivers to get feedback on the new activities. FINDINGS from the theater test are provided and next steps in the research are discussed which include examining program usability, fidelity, feasibility, and testing this new prevention program that has been tailored for child welfare involved youth and their caregivers. This intervention program has the potential to fill an important gap in the availability of preventive programming for caregivers of teens in foster care. Language: en
Positive elements in the algebra of the quantum moment problem

Let\(\mathfrak{A}\) denote the extended Weyl algebra,\(\mathfrak{A}_0 \subset \mathfrak{A}\), the Weyl algebra. It is well known that every element of\(\mathfrak{A}\) of the formA=ΣBk*Bk is positive. We prove that the converse implication also holds: Every positive elementA in\(\mathfrak{A}\) has a quadratic sum factorization for some finite set of elements (Bk) in\(\mathfrak{A}\). The corresponding result is not true for the subalgebra\(\mathfrak{A}_0 \). We identify states on\(\mathfrak{A}_0 \) which do not extend to states on\(\mathfrak{A}\). It follows from a result of Powers (and Arveson) that such states on\(\mathfrak{A}_0 \) cannot be completely positive. Our theorem is based on a certain regularity property for the representations which are generated by states on\(\mathfrak{A}\), and this property is not in general shared by representations generated by states defined only on the subalgebra\(\mathfrak{A}_0 \).
Integrating the Older/special Needs Adoptive Child into the Family

This qualitative, grounded theory study investigated 11 families who reported having successfully integrated into their family unit at least one older/special needs adoptee. The theory that emerged through the constant comparative methodology consisted of two categories (Decision to Adopt and Adjustment) and a core category (Developing a Sense of Family). The two categories and core category comprised a process that was informed by the Family Narrative Paradigm and culminated in the successful integration of the child or children into the existing family unit. Parental perceptions that appeared to facilitate this process included: (a) finding strengths in the children overlooked by previous caregivers, (b) viewing behavior in context, (c) reframing negative behavior, and (d) attributing improvement in behavior to parenting efforts.
Research Methods and Data Analysis Procedures Used by Educational Researchers.

To assess the status and the trends of subject matters investigated and research methods/designs and data analysis procedures employed by educational researchers, this study surveyed articles published by the American Educational Research Journal (AERJ), Journal of Experimental Education (JEE) and Journal of Educational Research (JER) from 1971 to 1998. Results of the study show that almost three quarters of subject matters in each journal focused on psychology in education; teachers; teaching/instruction; measurement/assessment; and methods of inquiry. Frequently used research methods were experimental research; descriptive research; correlational study; comparative approach; and survey. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA/ANCOVA, correlation, regression, t‐test, and psychometric statistics were frequently used data analysis procedures. There was a continuous drop of percentages of experimental quantitative research since the mid 1980s with a relative increase of non‐experimental qualitative research in AERJ a...
Long-Term Outcomes for Desmoid Tumors Treated With Radiation Therapy

Purpose To evaluate long-term outcomes in patients with desmoid fibromatosis treated with radiation therapy (RT), with or without surgery. Methods and Materials Between 1965 and 2005, 115 patients with desmoid tumors were treated with RT at our institution. The median age was 29 years (range, 8–73 years). Of the patients, 41 (36%) received RT alone (median dose, 56 Gy) for gross disease, and 74 (64%) received combined-modality treatment (CMT) consisting of a combination of surgery and RT (median dose, 50.4 Gy). Results Median follow-up was 10.1 years. Local control (LC) rates at 5 and 10 years were 75% and 74%, respectively. On univariate analysis, LC was significantly influenced by tumor size (≤5 cm vs. 5–10 cm vs. >10 cm) ( p = 0.02) and age (≤ 30 vs. >30 years) ( p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in LC for patients treated with RT alone for gross disease vs. CMT. For patients treated with CMT, only tumor size significantly influenced LC ( p = 0.02). Patients with positive margins after surgery did not have poorer LC than those with negative margins ( p = 0.38). Radiation-related complications occurred in 20 (17%) of patients and were associated with dose >56 Gy (p = 0.001), age ≤30 years ( p = 0.009), and receipt of RT alone vs. CMT (p = 0.01). Conclusions Desmoid tumors are effectively controlled with RT administered either as an adjuvant to surgery when resection margins are positive or alone for gross disease when surgical resection is not feasible. Doses >56 Gy may not be necessary to control gross disease and are associated with high rates of radiation-related complications.
Coco-Q: Learning in Stochastic Games with Side Payments

COCO ("cooperative/competitive") values are a solution concept for two-player normal-form games with transferable utility, when binding agreements and side payments between players are possible. In this paper, we show that COCO values can also be defined for stochastic games and can be learned using a simple variant of Q-learning that is provably convergent. We provide a set of examples showing how the strategies learned by the COCO-Q algorithm relate to those learned by existing multiagent Q-learning algorithms.
The effects of symbol frequency in legibility testing.

The legibilities of two fonts used for teletyped weather reports are being studied. The first tests were controlled-exposure-time tests, made with a tachistoscope, in which single symbols were shown to subjects randomly with respect to alphabetical and numerical order. The two fonts were tested at symbol brightnesses of 8, 6 and 5 ft-L against a constant background brightness of 1 ft-L. For each font at each symbol brightness, two conditions were compared. The first condition was that all the symbols occurred with the same frequency and the second condition was that the symbols occurred with relative frequencies similar to their frequencies in actual use in the weather reports. The results showed that the subjects’ performances were better when the symbols occurred with the unequal frequencies than they were for the equal frequency condition. Implications which reflect on the validity of legibility testing are discussed.
Temperature dependent pressure induced lineshape of O3 rotational transitions in air

The pressure induced broadening of a series of pure rotational transitions of ozone have been measured as a function of temperature. Results of experiments are compared with calculations employing the complex semiclassical theory of Robert and Bonamy. This set of rotational transitions is the dominant feature of the millimeter and submillimeter ozone spectra to be measured in the upcoming EOS-MLS mission.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Toxicity and Induction of Metabolism in Cultivated Esophageal and Epidermal Keratinocytes

Serially cultivated keratinocytes of human and rat epidermis and esophagus were compared with respect to their sensitivity to toxic effects of 3-methylcholanthrene and ability to metabolize benzo(a)pyrene. 3-Methylcholanthrene was highly toxic to the human keratinocytes and to early-passage rat epidermal keratinocytes, as evidenced by markedly reduced growth upon continuous exposure or reduced colony-forming ability after 1-day exposure to concentrations of 0.4 to 40 microM in the culture medium. Rat esophageal and late-passage rat epidermal cells appeared insensitive to 3-methylcholanthrene by these criteria. All the cell types except late-passage rat epidermal cells metabolized benzo(a)pyrene at comparable rates, and expressed aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase maximally inducible by similar concentrations of 3-methylcholanthrene. Biotransformation in the human cells was greatly inhibited by alpha-naphthoflavone, a specific inhibitor of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. The lack of toxicity of 3-methylcholanthrene toward late-passage rat epidermal cells can be attributed to the low constitutive rate of biotransformation these cells exhibit. The insensitivity of rat esophageal cells despite substantial metabolic activity reflects the importance of intrinsic differences among keratinocytes derived from different epithelia and species in determining toxic response. Human cervical and monkey esophageal keratinocyte cultures also actively metabolized benzo(a)pyrene, illustrating further the utility of the culture system for exploring differences among species and epithelial cell types.
CRITICAL EXPONENT OF NEGATIVELY CURVED THREE MANIFOLDS

We prove that for a negatively pinched ( on the boundary sphere is ergodic with respect to harmonic measure, and the Poincare series diverges when the critical exponent is 2.
Age at first drink, drinking, binge drinking, and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder among Hispanic national groups in the United States

BACKGROUND: This article examines age at first drink and adult drinking, binge drinking and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) among U.S. Hispanic national groups. METHODS: Respondents come from 2 independent studies. The Hispanic Americans Baseline Alcohol Survey used a multistage cluster sample design to interview 5,224 individuals 18 years of age and older selected from the household population in Miami, New York, Philadelphia, Houston, and Los Angeles. Respondents in the border area (N = 1,307) constituted a household probability sample of Mexican Americans living on U.S. counties that border Mexico. In both surveys, data were collected during computer-assisted interviews conducted in respondents' homes. The Hispanic American Baseline Alcohol Survey and the border sample response rates were 76 and 67%, respectively. RESULTS: U.S.-born Hispanics begin drinking at a younger age than those who are foreign-born, independent of national group. Among foreign-born Hispanics, age of arrival in the United States is not associated with age at first drink. Results support the hypothesis that a younger age at first drink is associated with a higher mean volume of drinking, a higher probability of bingeing, and a higher probability of DSM-5 AUD. But the results do not show a clear pattern by which a particular national group would consistently show no associations or stronger associations between age at first drink and the alcohol-related outcomes under consideration. CONCLUSIONS: An earlier age at first drinking is positively associated with heavier drinking patterns among U.S. Hispanics. However, as in other areas of alcohol epidemiology, here too there is considerable variation in age at first drink and drinking across Hispanic national groups. Language: en
Hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy: incidence and resolution.

Background Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are often measured after thyroid surgery and are used to detect patients at risk for postoperative hypoparathyroidism. However, there is a lack of consensus in the literature about how to define the recovery of parathyroid gland function and when to classify hypoparathyroidism as permanent. The goals of this study were to determine the incidence of low postoperative PTH in total thyroidectomy patients and to monitor their time course to recovery of parathyroid gland function.
Modelling net erosion responses to enviroclimatic changes recorded upon multisecular timescales

Land use change has been recognized throughout the Earth as one of the most important factors influencing the occurrence of rainfall-driven geomorphological processes. However, relating the occurrence of historical soil erosion rates is difficult because of the lack of long-term research projects in river basins. Also, complex models are not adequate to reconstruct erosion rate changes because they require significant input data not always available on long timescales. Given the problems with assessing sediment yield using complex erosion models, the objective of this study is to explore a parsimonious scale-adapted erosion model (ADT) from the original Thornes and Douglas algorithms, which aims at reconstruction of annual net erosion (ANE) upon multisecular timescales. As a test site, the Calore River basin (3015 km 2 in southern Italy) provides a peculiar and unique opportunity for modelling erosion responses to climate and land cover changes, where input-data generation and interpretation results were also supported by documented hydrogeomorphological events that occurred before and after land deforestation. In this way, ANEADT-values were reconstructed for the period 1675–2004 by using precipitation indexes, complemented by recent instrumental records, and by using land cover statistics from documented agrarian sources. Pulses of natural sedimentation in the predeforestation period have been related to Vesuvius volcanic activity and changes in rainstorm frequency. After deforestation, the basin system became unstable with sudden fluctuations in the hydrogeomorphological regime contributing significantly to increased erosion and, in turn, sediment transport sequences via river drainage towards the Tyrrhenian coast.
Message ferrying: proactive routing in highly-partitioned wireless ad hoc networks

An ad hoc network allows devices with wireless interfaces to communicate with each other without any pre-installed infrastructure. Due to node mobility, limited radio power, node failure and wide deployment area, ad hoc networks are often vulnerable to network partitioning. A number of examples are in battlefield, disaster recovery and wide area surveillance. Unfortunately, most existing ad hoc routing protocols will fail to deliver messages under these circumstances since no route to the destination exists. In this work we propose the Message Ferrying or MF scheme that provides efficient data delivery in disconnected ad hoc networks. In the MF scheme, nodes move proactively to send or receive messages. By introducing non-randomness in a node's proactive movement and exploiting such nonrandomness to deliver messages, the MF scheme improves data delivery performance in a disconnected network. In this paper, we propose the basic design of the MF scheme and develop a general framework to classify variations of MF systems. We also study ferry route design problem in stationary node case which is shown to be NP-hard and provide an efficient algorithm to compute ferry route.
Summary and Call to Action

Inadequate physical activity is a major public health problem worldwide. There is much work to do. The purpose of this feature was to urge professionals and practitioners at all levels and in various roles to take actions that will further increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for youth, adults, and seniors, and to provide them with the necessary resources to do so.
Implementing Tile-based Chip Multiprocessors with GALS Clocking Styles

This paper investigates implementation techniques for tile-based chip multiprocessors with Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) clocking styles. These architectures can simplify the physical design flow since they allow focusing on a single processor when designing an entire chip. However, they also introduce challenges to maintain system robustness and scalability. We propose a physical design flow for these architectures, investigate timing issues for robust implementations, and propose methods to take full advantage of their potential scalability. As a design example, we present data from a recently implemented single-chip 6 x 6 tile-based GALS processing array.
Regulation of pathogenesis-related protein-1a gene expression in tobacco.

Pathogenesis-related protein-1a (PR-1a) is a protein of unknown function that is strongly induced during the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco. The expression of PR-1a is under complex regulation that is controlled at least partially by the rate of transcription. In this study, we demonstrated that 661 bp of 59 flanking DNA was sufficient to impart tobacco mosaic virus and salicylic acid inducibility to a reporter gene. The PR-1a promoter did not respond significantly to treatments with either auxin or cytokinin. Experiments with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide indicated that protein synthesis is required for salicylate-dependent mRNA accumulation. At flowering, the PR-1a gene was expressed primarily in the mesophyll and epidermal tissues of the leaf blade and the sepals of the flower. Several artifacts, most importantly ectopic expression in pollen, were associated with the use of the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene.
Petroleum Geology of Southern Appalachian Foreland Basin: Black Warrior Basin of Alabama: ABSTRACT

Because much of the petroleum contained in giant structure traps in the United States has been discovered, the petroleum resources of the future will be from complex petroleum traps involving structure, lithofacies distribution, and diagenetic alteration. The Black Warrior basin of northwestern Alabama is an excellent basin to prospect for combination petroleum traps; to date 35 petroleum fields have been discovered. The key to successful prospecting in this basin involves the delineation of local structure and determination of reservoir size, morphology, and quality. Mississippian sandstone reservoirs presently have the greatest petroleum potential, the Carter and Lewis sandstones being the most economic of these reservoirs. The Carter was deposited as part of a high-con tructive, elongate to lobate delta which prograded from northwest to southeast into the basin. Specific deltaic environments identified include distributary channel and mouth bar, distal-bar, prodelta, and interdistributary bay. The Lewis accumulated as a series of elongate, northwest to southeast trending sand bodies on a shallow marine shelf. Specific environments identified include central-bar, interbar, and shelf. Carter distributary-mouth bar and distal-bar lithofacies and Lewis central-bar lithofacies constitute the primary Mississippian reservoirs in the basin. These sandstones are usually fine grained, well sorted, subangular to subrounded quartzarenites or sublitharenites. Primary interparticulate porosity has been reduced through the development of quartz overgrowths and/or calcite cementation. Porosity is principally secondary and involves leaching of carbonate allochems, calcite cement, and/or matrix. The Carter prodelta and interdistributary-bay shales and the Lewis marine shales make excellent petroleum source rocks. These shales contain amorphous, algal, and herbaceous kerogen. The state of alteration of the kerogen indicates that the thermal history of the basin has been favorable f r the generation and preservation of hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon-trapping capabilities of these strata have been enhanced because of their association with normal faults. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1666------------
A simple model for soft X-ray conversion efficiency from laser-irradiated gold disk targets

Simple arguments are used to construct a model to explain the conversion efficiency of absorbed laser energy into soft X-rays from laser-irradiated targets. In this model, we postulate that the energy available for conversion is bounded at some low irradiance limit by heat conduction away from the laser heated spot, while at some high irradiance limit it is bounded by the energy lost in plasma blowoff. Consequently, at some appropriate laser intensity, where the sum energy of the conduction and blowoff losses is at a minimum, the X-ray conversion efficiency should reach a maximum. A specific example for gold disk targets irradiated by 0·53 μm laser light will be treated. Simple heuristic scalings of blowoff and conduction as functions of laser intensity are obtained.
Context-Dependent Adaptability in Crowd Behavior Simulation

This paper applies a context-dependent behavior selection architecture to agent-based simulation of crowd behavior. In order to generate realistic human-like crowd behaviors, we consider adaptability of an autonomous agent at two different levels: a behavior level where the agent makes adaptive selections among multiple competitive behaviors, and a behavioral context level where the agent modulates its behavior patterns according to different psychological and/or social states. A case study example of emergency response simulation is provided. The behavior and behavioral context models are described and simulation results are presented.
Adolescents and Emerging Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease: Their Unique Morbidities and Adherence Issues

Medical advances have increased the survival rates of adolescents and emerging adults with chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. Patients in these two age groups share many characteristics: their brain will fully develop in their late 20s; they have cognitive impairment related to disease severity and duration, are at greater risk of nonadherence, and need to learn to manage their complex medical condition and comorbidities while trying to achieve independence from their parents. The medical and psychosocial characteristics of these patients are discussed, and possible strategies for their care suggested.
Scale Microfossils from the Mid-Neoproterozoic Fifteenmile Group, Yukon Territory

Microscopic phosphatic scales are found in limestones and cherts from the 812–717 million year old Fifteenmile Group of the Yukon Territory. These enigmatic microfossils, which to date have not been identified in any other locality, display a diversity of intricate morphologies. Here we describe six new genera containing 17 new species of scale microfossils obtained from macerated limestone. We also revise existing taxa described originally from chert thin sections and now additionally freed from limestone by acid dissolution. New taxa described here are: Archaeoxybaphon serratacapacis n. sp., Archeoxybaphon serratapusilla n. sp., Paleoscutula inornata n. gen. n. sp., Paleoscutula serrata n. gen. n. sp., Paleoscutula convocationis n. gen n. sp., Hexacatillus allmonii n. gen. n. sp., Hexacatillus retetantillus n. sp., Quadrireticulum allisoniae n. gen. n. sp., Quadrireticulum palmaspinosum n. gen. n. sp., Circidentatus pistricis n. gen. n. sp., Circidentatus variodentatus n. gen. n. sp., Ospercapatera awramikii n. gen. n. sp., Circitorquis soccus n. gen. n. sp., Paleohexadictyon alexandrae n. sp., Paleomegasquama arctoa n. sp., Petasisquama petasus n. sp., and Thorakidictyon circireticulum n. gen. n. sp. Taxa described or amended here are Characodictyon skolopium Allison and Hilgert, 1986, Paleohexadictyon myriotrematum Allison and Hilgert, 1986, Archeoxybaphon polykeramoides (Allison and Hilgert, 1986) emend., Paleohexadictyon litosum (Allison and Hilgert, 1986) emend., and Thorakidictyon myriocanthum (Allison and Hilgert, 1986) n. comb. Many eukaryotic clades include species with surficial scales but none provides a close morphological analog to the Fifteenmile scales. Nonetheless, comparative and functional morphology suggest that the diversification of heavily armored and morphologically complex cell-coverings records a changing ecological landscape in Neoproterozoic seas.
Urinary Excretion of Thromboxane B2 in Patients with Venous Thromboembolic Disease

Platelet activation occurs in the initial phase of venous thrombus formation. To determine if thromboxanes (Tx) are released during this process and if Tx measurements are useful in the diagnosis, urinary immunoreactive TxB2 was measured by a rapid, inexpensive assay in 100 consecutive patients with suspected thromboembolic disease. Urinary iTxB2 was not increased in patients who took aspirin, nor in patients studied several weeks after onset of symptoms. Of the remaining patients, iTxB2 was increased in 11 of 15 with confirmed deep vein thrombosis and in seven of ten with confirmed pulmonary emboli. Of the 54 patients in whom acute thrombosis was excluded, iTxB2 was increased in only four (7 percent). A second study evaluated 25 additional patients with nondiagnostic lung scans who required pulmonary angiography; iTxB2 was increased in seven of ten with positive angiograms and in 0 of 15 with negative angiograms. The three patients with negative iTxB2 and positive angiograms were receiving heparin when studied. These data suggest that, in the absence of aspirin, platelet Tx is released during thrombus formation. In combination with other noninvasive tests, urinary iTxB2 is a useful adjunct to diagnosing acute thromboembolic disease.