cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A nonrandomized prospective comparison of robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy in the elderly to a younger cohort: an analysis of 339 patients with intermediate-term follow-up.

Objective To assess the role of robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in elderly patients focusing on perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes in comparison with a younger cohort. Materials and Methods From a prospectively maintained institutional review board–approved database, 339 patients were divided into 2 groups defined by age ≥70 (n = 71) or t test and chi square test were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Logistic regression identified risk factors for progression of renal dysfunction. Kaplan-Meier estimates modeled tumor recurrence at 368 and 462 days in the elderly and young, respectively. Results Elderly patients were more likely to have hypertension (86% vs 60%; P P P P = .08). Elderly age was not a statistically significant risk factor for CKD progression (relative risk, 2.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.81-6.05; P = .11). Surgical and medical complication rates were similar between the cohorts ( P = .75 and .80, respectively) as were Kaplan-Meier estimates of risk of tumor recurrence ( P = .47). Limitations include nonrandomized, single-center study, and intermediate-term follow-up for oncologic outcomes. Conclusion Elderly patients undergoing RAPN had no increased risk of perioperative complications. CKD progression and risk of oncologic recurrence were similar to younger patients at intermediate-term follow-up.
Prehospital triage in the injured pediatric patient.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Identifying major trauma patients in the prehospital setting is essential in determining management, destination, and best utilization of emergency department resources. Few methods of trauma triage have been accepted unanimously. This study prospectively evaluates the efficacy of comprehensive field triage using 12 criteria (simplified version of the American College of Surgeon's guidelines) in 1,285 pediatric trauma patients. Methods: Major trauma was defined as occurring in those who died in the emergency room, had major surgery (penetrating injury involving surgery of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, or groin), or were admitted directly to the intensive care unit. The correlation between trauma triage criteria, hospital disposition, and triage accuracy were determined prospectively and compared in the pediatric patients (36 months) with an adult cohort of patients (12 months). Results: A total of 1,285 pediatric trauma patients were evaluated and compared with 1,326 adult trauma patients. The most accurate trauma triage criterion for major injury was a blood pressure ≤90 mmHg (systolic) with an accuracy of 86%. This was followed by burn greater than 15% total body surface area (79%), Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤12 (78%), respiratory rate less than 10/min or greater than 29/min (73%), and paralysis (50%). Less accurate criteria included a fall from greater than 20 feet (33%); penetrating injury to head, neck, chest, abdomen, or groin (29%); ejection from vehicle (24%); pedestrian struck at greater than 20 mph (16%); paramedic judgement (12%); rollover (3%); and extrication (0%). The Glasgow Coma Scale score was a more accurate indicator of major injury in children than adults, and paramedic judgement was less accurate in children when compared with adults. Of the 379 major pediatric trauma victims, the Revised Trauma Score and Pediatric Trauma Score missed 36% and 45% of these major trauma victims, respectively. The overtriage rate for children was 71% with a sensitivity of 100% (no missed major trauma patients). Conclusions: Physiological variables, anatomic site, and mechanism of injury provide a sensitive and safe system of triage. Continued education of prehospital personnel regarding pediatric trauma and stratification of the current triage tools are necessary to minimize overtriage in an era of shrinking resources. J Pediatr Surg 35:82-87. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Clinical and legal correlates of inmates with bipolar disorder at time of criminal arrest.

BACKGROUND: In an effort to determine illness factors associated with criminality among bipolar patients, we identified bipolar arrestees housed in the psychiatric division of the Los Angeles County Jail who had a history of psychiatric treatment in the Los Angeles County community mental health system. METHOD: Los Angeles County's computerized management information system was utilized to retrospectively identify all inmates evaluated over a 7-month period from July 1999 to Jan. 2000 with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, their symptoms at time of arrest, and the nature of community treatment preceding arrest. Criminal history was assessed using Sheriff's Department legal records. Demographic and clinical characteristics of these inmates were compared with characteristics present in a group of hospitalized bipolar patients without a history of arrest in Los Angeles County. RESULTS: Of the 66 inmates identified as having a clear diagnosis of bipolar disorder with previous community treatment in the Los Angeles County Mental Health system, the majority were manic (49/66, 74.2%) and psychotic (39/66, 59%) at time of arrest. Manic arrestees were recently released from community inpatient treatment and most were not involved in outpatient treatment postdischarge. The bipolar inmates had significantly higher rates of comorbid substance abuse than did the hospitalized bipolar patients without an arrest history (75.8% [50/66]) vs. 18.5% [10/54]). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that manic symptoms place bipolar patients at significant risk for criminal offending and arrest. Intensive treatment intervention by the community mental health and criminal justice system may be needed, particularly in the immediate postmanic hospitalization period, in order to prevent incarceration of patients with bipolar disorder. Language: en
The last obstacle to equity in education: Social class

This article will describe my efforts to translate the results of a research project into a program for school reform in the country's largest school system. I have enormous confidence in the conclusions we reached in the research project. I have a good deal less confidence in the topic that follows, "How do you translate what you believe to be sound research conclusions into a program whose intent is to modify the interaction between schools and the children in schools who ordinarily do not profit from the way we do things."
MANIPULATING EXTERNAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM WITH INTENSE LIGHT : LASER FOCUSING AND TRAPPING OF MOLECULES

The possibility of focusing and trapping molecules in the intensity gradient of a moderately intense laser field is shown. A fully quantum-mechanical and a hybrid quantum-classical model are developed and both the case of a near-resonance and that of a far-off-resonance field are studied numerically and analytically. Molecular focusing is obtained when the ratio between the kinetic energy and the field-matter interaction exceeds unity (but remains small). In this energy regime the laser beam serves as a lens for a beam of molecules. The properties of the “molecular lens” are analyzed and the experimental conditions required to focus molecules are examined. We propose the application of laser focusing to nanoscale deposition onto, and etching of a substrate and describe a possible setup to that end. Molecular trapping is obtained as the strong interaction limit of a general “molecular optics” scheme.
P matrix analysis of nucleon-nucleon scattering

Abstract The P matrix is useful to establish the connection between the short range quark and gluon, and the long range nucleon and meson degrees of freedom which play a role in the interactions between hadrons. It can be used as a phenomenological tool in data parametrization but, more important, it contains information about the short range interaction.
Portal vein thrombosis is not associated with increased mortality among patients with cirrhosis.

Background & Aims Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is common in patients with cirrhosis and may have adverse clinical consequences. We investigated whether PVT is associated with survival in patients with cirrhosis. Methods Using the United Network for Organ Sharing registries from 2002 through 2013, we followed a cohort of transplant-naive adults with cirrhosis without hepatocellular carcinoma (N = 66,506) from the time of transplant listing until the time of liver transplantation or death before transplantation. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis and competing risks analysis to compare patients who had PVT at the time of listing (n = 2207) with those who did not (n = 64,299) with regard to the risk of transplantation or death before transplantation, after adjusting for important baseline characteristics. Results During a mean follow-up period of 1.78 years, 17,757 (27%) patients died before liver transplantation, 29,179 (44%) patients underwent transplantation, and 19,570 (29%) patients were still alive without having undergone transplantation. Compared with patients who did not have PVT, patients with PVT had lower mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81–0.96), a similar risk of transplantation (AHR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.89–1.02), and a lower risk of the combined outcome of death or transplantation (AHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.97). Similar results were found by competing risks analyses. Independent predictors of mortality included age, model for end-stage liver disease score, serum albumin level, ascites, encephalopathy, diabetes, hepatitis C virus infection, and low body mass index ( 2 ). Conclusions Among patients with cirrhosis on liver transplant waiting lists, patients with PVT have lower mortality than patients without PVT.
Local differential pressure analysis in a slugging bed using deterministic chaos theory

Local instantaneous pressure signals obtained in a slugging bed have been analyzed using both classical and advanced signal analysis methods. Dual static pressure probes (DSPP) have been used in prior research to collect the local axial differential pressure signals, which can deliver the necessary information about the presence of the bubbles or slugs in the bed. For the data considered in this work, nylon spheres with a diameter of 0.3 cm were used as a fluidization material. The data were captured at a frequency of 100 Hz. Evaluation of the dominant slug frequency was completed using the autocorrelation coefficient and power spectrum. The pseudo-phase space and mutual information function were used as a preliminary analysis for deterministic chaos in the experimental data. Since the mutual information does not demand any particular functional relationships between the data points, it is a better method (when compared with the autocorrelation coefficient) for measuring the predictability of nonlinear systems. The correlation integral was used to evaluate the fractal dimension, embedding dimension and the degrees of freedom of the system. One may characterize both slugs and particle motion in the system with the correlation coefficient if the dominant steady slug motion is mixed with the irregular particle motion. The Kolmogorov entropy, which is a quantitative measure of the amount of information lost or gained by a system as it evolves, is evaluated via the correlation integral to determine the multi-dimensional nature of the signal. Both the Kolmogorov entropy and the correlation coefficient showed similar trends for the changes in the system parameters.
Parallel simulations of partially stirred methane combustion

Premixed methane combustion in a partially stirred reactor (PaSR) is studied numerically. The effects of turbulent stirring rate on NO, CO, and other quantities are computed. The chemistry is represented by a “full” scheme (27 species, 77 reactions) in the baseline study. Turbulence is accounted for by the “IEM” (Interaction-by-Exchange-with-the-Mean) submodel. The PaSR is described by a system of (Ns + 1) × Np first-order coupled o.d.e.'s in time, where Ns ≡ number of species, and Np ≡ number of particles. The model is well suited to parallel computers, without which the present study would not have been practical. The speedup over serial computers is essentially linear in the number of processors used, until the number of particles per processor becomes small enough (<10) to affect load balance. The conditions are 30 atm, 1200-K inlet temperature, 800-K equilibrium temperature rise, and 2-ms reactor residence time (in the PSR limit). In the PFR limit the flow just starts to ignite, while in the PSR limit temperatures are very near equilibrium. PaSR simulations are conducted in the range 100–5000 Hz (mixing frequency), and in each case converge to a stochastic steady state and span the PFR-PSR limits smoothly. The correlation of NO with particle age decreases as frequency increases, and is within expected limits. The OH levels are uniform to within a factor of two in this frequency range, which is consistent with the “distributed” OH structures observed in turbulent diffusion flames. Simulations with a 25-step “skeletal” scheme agreed well with the baseline study above 1,000 Hz, but are about 400 K low on mean temperature at 100 Hz. The corresponding four-step “reduced” scheme failed to ignite in all cases, suggesting a need for reduced schemes which do not assume that the radicals are in a chemically steady state.
MEASURING SERVICE SYSTEM COORDINATION IN MANAGED MENTAL HEALTH CARE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH

One of the greatest criticisms of the child and adolescent mental health system is that it is not a system, but rather a fragmented, limited, and poorly coordinated group of service providers and agencies. Complex problems, such as addressing the mental health needs of children and their families, are sometimes beyond the scope of any one service agency. As a result, agencies or individual providers must join hands to accomplish mutual goals. Measuring service coordination is critical to understanding the implementation of managed systems of care. As part of the Fort Bragg Evaluation Project's Implementation Study, a network analysis was conducted to assess the extent to which a coordinated system of care existed for military dependents at a demonstration site that implemented a case-managed continuum of care and at two comparison sites. This substudy addressed the overall organization and structure of mental health services available to all children and youth in these communities as well as the specific implications for the effects on the target population.
The generative study of second language acquisition. S. Flynn, G. Martohardjono, and W. O'Neil (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1998. Pp. 366.

This volume contains all 14 papers and three commentaries from the Recent Advances in the Generative Study of Second Language Acquisition Conference that was held in 1993 at MIT. Eleven of the papers address the acquisition of syntax. Of these, four focus on functional categories in second language (L2) acquisition. Vainikka and Young-Scholten propose that, although lexical categories or content phrases (NP, VP, AP, PP) transfer from the first language to the second, along with the headedness of those categories, functional categories or grammatical phrases (DP, IP, CP) do not. Using longitudinal data from Korean, Turkish, Italian, and Spanish learners of German, they suggest that learners begin by adopting a VP structure for the sentences in the L2 and then subsequently expand this into an underspecified finite phrase (FP), then an agreement phrase (AgrP), and finally a complementizer phrase (CP).
High-speed flow imaging utilizing spectral-encoding of ultrafast pulses and compressed sensing

Using chirp processing and pseudorandom bit modulation we demonstrate high-speed structured illumination for compressed sensing imaging of 1-D flows.
Corneal afferents differentially target thalamic- and parabrachial-projecting neurons in spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis.

Abstract Dorsal horn neurons send ascending projections to both thalamic nuclei and parabrachial nuclei; these pathways are thought to be critical pathways for central processing of nociceptive information. Afferents from the corneal surface of the eye mediate nociception from this tissue which is susceptible to clinically important pain syndromes. This study examined corneal afferents to the trigeminal dorsal horn and compared inputs to thalamic- and parabrachial-projecting neurons. We used anterograde tracing with cholera toxin B subunit to identify corneal afferent projections to trigeminal dorsal horn, and the retrograde tracer FluoroGold to identify projection neurons. Studies were conducted in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Our analysis was conducted at two distinct levels of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) which receive corneal afferent projections. We found that corneal afferents project more densely to the rostral pole of Vc than the caudal pole. We also quantified the number of thalamic- and parabrachial-projecting neurons in the regions of Vc that receive corneal afferents. Corneal afferent inputs to both groups of projection neurons were also more abundant in the rostral pole of Vc. Finally, by comparing the frequency of corneal afferent appositions to thalamic- versus parabrachial-projecting neurons, we found that corneal afferents preferentially target parabrachial-projecting neurons in trigeminal dorsal horn. These results suggest that nociceptive pain from the cornea may be primarily mediated by a non-thalamic ascending pathway.
THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF 1,4,7,11,14,17-HEXATHIACYCLOEICOSAN-9,19-DIONE-SOLID-STATE CONFORMATION OF A MACROCYCLIC DIKETOHEXATHIOETHER1

Abstract The macrocyclic hexathioether, 1,4,7,11,14,17-hexathiacycloeicosan-9,19-dione (diketo-20-ane-S6) has been synthesized and the crystal and molecular structure of the compound determined from a single-crystal X-ray study. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with two molecules per unit cell of dimensions a = 10.361(3) A, b = 9.370(3) A, c = 11.132(2) A, and β = 108.25(2)°. The observed and calculated densities are 1.37(1) and 1.35 g cm−3, respectively. Full-matrix least-squares refinement using 1342 unique reflections having 4° ≤ 2θ ≤ 50° and 1 ≥ 3[sgrave](I) converged at R = 0.039 and Rw = 0.049. The compound exists, in the crystalline state, in a conformation such that the sulfur atoms point away from the cavity of the ring, (exodentate), and the two ketone functionalities point above and below the plane of the ring, away from each other (anti), but toward the cavity of the ring (endodenrate).
Named entity recognition as a house of cards: classifier stacking

This paper presents a classifier stacking-based approach to the named entity recognition task (NER henceforth). Transformation-based learning (Brill, 1995), Snow (sparse network of winnows (Munoz et al., 1999)) and a forward-backward algorithm are stacked (the output of one classifier is passed as input to the next classifier), yielding considerable improvement in performance. In addition, in agreement with other studies on the same problem, the enhancement of the feature space (in the form of capitalization information) is shown to be especially beneficial to this task.
Defining moments: Developing culturally responsive dispositions and teaching practices in early childhood preservice teachers

Abstract This paper reports the results of a study that examined preservice teachers’ perceptions of which program experiences contributed to shifts in their culturally responsive dispositions and teaching practices. At the time of the study, participants were engaged in a teacher preparation program designed to prepare teachers to work with culturally, linguistically, socio-economically, and ability diverse young children and their families. The findings suggest that five types of experiences, interacting with each other, were instrumental in effecting changes in dispositions and teaching practiced. The experiences included material resources, diverse internship experiences, interactions with diverse families, critical reflection, and discussion and dialogue.
Automatic Gain Control in Mass Spectrometry using a Jet Disrupter Electrode in an Electrodynamic Ion Funnel

We report on the use of a jet disrupter electrode in an electrodynamic ion funnel as an electronic valve to regulate the intensity of the ion beam transmitted through the interface of a mass spectrometer in order to perform automatic gain control (AGC). The ion flux is determined by either directly detecting the ion current on the conductance limiting orifice of the ion funnel or using a short mass spectrometry acquisition. Based upon the ion flux intensity, the voltage of the jet disrupter is adjusted to alter the transmission efficiency of the ion funnel to provide a desired ion population to the mass analyzer. Ion beam regulation by an ion funnel is shown to provide control to within a few percent of a targeted ion intensity or abundance. The utility of ion funnel AGC was evaluated using a protein tryptic digest analyzed with liquid chromatography Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (LC-FTICR) mass spectrometry. The ion population in the ICR cell was accurately controlled to selected levels, which improved data quality and provided better mass measurement accuracy.
Estimating the stationary distribution of a Markov chain

Let \( \left\{ {{X_j}} \right\}_0^\infty \) be a Markov chain with a unique stationary distribution π. Let h be a bounded measurable function. Write \( {\lambda _h} = \int {hd\pi } \) and \( {\hat \lambda _{hn}} = \frac{1}{{\left( {n + 1} \right)}}\sum\nolimits_0^n {h\left( {{X_j}} \right)} \). This paper explores conditions for the √n consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimate of λ hn of λ h assuming the existence of a solution to the Poisson equation h - λ h = g - Pg. Our framework covers the case of nonirreducible Markov chains arising in many growth models in economics.
Intrathecal [Met5]enkephalin antibody blocks analgesia induced by intracerebroventricular β-endorphin but not morphine in mice

Abstract Intrathecal (i.t.) injection of antibody directed to [Met 5 ]enkephalin antagonized intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered β-endorphin-induced inhibition of the tail-flick response but not the hot-plate response. [Met 5 ]enkephalin antibody injected i.t., however, did not affect inhibition of either the tail-flick and hot-plate response induced by morphine given i.c.v. The antibodies to [Leu 5 ]enkephalin, dynorphin A-(1–13) and β-endorphin even at a high dose injected i.t. did not affect the inhibition induced by i.c.v. administered β-endorphin or morphine either in the tail-flick and hot-plate test. Our results with antibodies support the results of previous studies that β-endorphin but not morphine produces its analgesic action by selectively releasing [Met 5 ]enkephalin.
Simultaneous Block Iterative Reconstruction with Pre- and Post- Backprojection Filters

We introduce general linear pre- and post- backprojection filters into the widely used simultaneous block iterative reconstruction algorithm, and show that the generalized algorithm converges, at linear speed, to a weighted least squares weighted minimum norm reconstruction, where the weighting matrices are determined by the filters. Our theoretical results expand several existing algorithms and open the possibility of selecting new filters. Examples of the application of our new theory are given.
Frontier Session on Earth's Interior

A relatively new dating technique that uses a radioisotope with an extremely long halt life has led some UCLA and Caltech researchers to picture the interior of the earth as of surprisingly simple structure. As they see it, the earth's mantle, which makes up about two thirds of the planet, is divided into two layers: an upper portion that supplies magma to the mid-ocean ridges and other volcanic regions of the earth's surface and a lower layer that has remained untouched since the earth formed. In a Frontier session at the AGU Spring Meeting in Toronto, Don DePaolo of UCLA presented current findings from work with neodymium 143, the decay product of samarium 147. Frontier sessions highlight research of general interest in new areas of exploration. Research with neodymium has occurred only in the past 6 years, DePaolo said, because the measurement techniques available before then were not sensitive enough.
Raman and NMR study of parallel reorientational diffusion in nitromethane

Abstract Raman spectral bandshapes of the ν 7 , antisymmetric CD 3 stretching mode, and deuterium spin-lattice relaxation times in nitromethane- d 3 were measured as a function of temperature in the liquid-phase. Perpendicular diffusion coefficients ( D ⊥ ) calculated from dielectric and 14 N relaxation times in the literature were in excellent agreement at all temperatures. Unlike earlier studies in acetonitrile and iodomethane, parallel diffusion constants ( D z.snfc; ) determined from the Raman lineshape were substantially greater than those calculated from T 1 ( 2 D ), possibly resulting from broadening of the vibrational band due to hydrogen bond interactions. Also in contrast to the earlier investigations, values of D z.snfc; obtained from both methods were substantially lower than coefficients calculated from the Free Rotor model of reorientation, providing clear evidence that intermolecular self-association slows the spinning motion of nitromethane in the liquid-phase.
A Phenomenological Model for Degradation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes Due to Impurities in Coal Syngas

A new phenomenological one-dimensional model is formulated to simulate the typical degradation patterns observed in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) anodes due to coal syngas contaminants such as arsenic (As) and phosphorous (P). The model includes ordinary gas phase diffusion including Knudsen diffusion and surface diffusion within the anode and the adsorption reactions on the surface of the Ni-YSZ based anode. Model parameters such as reaction rate constants for the adsorption reactions are calibrated to match the degradation rates reported in the literature. Preliminary results from implementation of the model demonstrated that the deposition of the impurity on the Ni catalyst starts near the fuel channel/anode interface and slowly moves toward the active anode/electrolyte interface which is in good agreement with the experimental data. Parametric studies performed at different impurity concentrations, operating temperatures and current densities showed that the coverage rate increases with increasing temperature, impurity concentration and current density, as expected.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Barium periostitis: An intraoral complication following barium swallow

Barium is used with great frequency for various gastrointestinal radiographic studies. Complications arising from the use of barium are uncommon and can range from peritonitis, pneumonitis, vascular intravasation, allergic reactions, and even “barium appendicitis.” We report a case of an unusual complication, periostitis, from the use of barium in a 46-year-old male.
Fatality Prediction for the 2011 Tornado Season Based on Historical Extreme Weather Data

AbstractThe 2011 tornado season resulted in 553 deaths, the most in a year in the United States since 1925. Natural events and human vulnerability combine to produce natural disasters, and so this work explores whether extreme weather—the number and strength of tornadoes—or extreme societal vulnerability drove the 2011 tornado death toll. The main analysis uses out-of-sample predictions for 2011 from a regression model of tornado fatalities. Generally, 2011 fatalities were in line with expectations based on the pattern of fatalities in the United States over the period 1990–2010, although the deadliest tornado over this period resulted in 36 deaths. The best regression models predict a season death toll of around 500 and a single tornado with 150 deaths. Recent ratios of injuries and property damage to fatalities also support the conclusion that extreme weather drove the 2011 tornado death toll.
Bilateral S-curve between Japan and her trading partners

Abstract The cross-correlation function between terms of trade and trade balance has been found to resemble a pattern that is labeled the S -curve. This pattern has received weak support in some developed and less developed countries when aggregate trade data are used. Empirical regularities based on aggregate trade data may be biased since aggregation can potentially suppress some of patterns observed in trade at the bilateral levels. We try to overcome this problem by employing bilateral trade data for Japan and find strong support for the S -curve between Japan and many of her trading partners.
Regulation of lipoprotein lipase in different rat tissues

In rats maintained on a fat-free diet, hepatic production of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fell by only 18% after 20 hours of fasting (as judged by rates of triglyceride accumulation in plasma following administration of Triton WR1339). Infusion of heparin into fed rats caused a rapid accumulation in plasma of two distinct lipase activities in approximately equal amounts: heparin releasable lipoprotein lipase (HR-LPL) and heparin releasable triglyceride lipase (HR-TGL). Fasting reduced the former by 67%, but the latter by only 20 to 25%. To gain insight into the effects of nutritional status on the interorgan distribution of these enzymes, experiments were designed for the perfusion of liver and heart by standard procedures, and of epididymis, gastrocnemius muscle (red fiber), and psoas muscle (white fiber) by micro techniques. After addition of heparin, perfusates were analyzed for each species of lipase. The objective was to selectively monitor the capillary-bound, physiologically functional lipase without significant contamination by intracellular enzyme. HR-TGL was found only in liver, where it represented the major lipase activity; it was only minimally affected by fasting. In epididymis HR-LPL fell by 85% in fasted animals and, remarkably, rebounded almost to ad libitum fed values after only two hours of refeeding. In both heart and gastrocnemius muscle, directional changes in HR-LPL were exactly reciprocal to those seen in epididymis. By contrast, HR-LPL of psoas muscle was unresponsive to fasting. Qualitatively, the data were in keeping with documented nutritionally-induced shifts in tissue disposal of VLDL-triglycerides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrophoretic separation of certain in vitro and in vivo reactions of rabbit anti-mouse erythrocyte serum.

RABBIT anti-mouse erythrocyte serum provided an excellent model for the study of in vitro and in vivo immunological reactions. In addition to its strongly haemolytic and agglutinating properties for, and its combining ability with, mouse erythrocytes, this antiserum readily produces anaemia in mice, a species especially suitable for this purpose.
Impacts on Building Return Water Temperature in District Cooling Systems

A high temperature differential between supply and return water is most cost effective in district cooling systems. The chilled water supply temperature relies on central plant operation while the chilled water return temperature mainly depends on cooling coil performance of air handling units (AHU) at consumers. Many factors affect the AHU cooling coil performance at the consumers, such as cooling coil size, chilled water supply temperature, AHU supply air temperature, space cooling load, outside airflow and conditions, cooling coil fouling condition and cooling coil control valves types. The AHU chilled water return temperature may deviate from its design valve under off-design conditions. The common method to maintain the required consumer chilled water return temperature is to install a bypass bridge between the chilled water supply and return at consumer connections. This paper studies the impact of these factors on the AHU chilled return water temperature and finally develops the improved chilled water return temperature control method.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Mechanical activation assisted synthesis of nanostructure MgAl2O4 from gibbsite and lansfordite

Abstract Mechanical activation is an efficient method to synthesize nanostructure materials. This research is focused on the production of nanostructure spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ) powder using the ball milling process. For this purpose, a mixture of gibbsite and lansfordite powders was subjected to planetary ball milling. The obtained powder particles after different milling times and various heat treatment histories were evaluated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that single-phase nanostructure spinel powder can be obtained after 6 and 10 h ball milling with respective annealing at 1000 and 1200 °C for 1 h.
Mitral valve prolapse and its effects: a programme of inquiry within Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing

The optimum growth and scientific progress of nursing knowledge during the next century will depend upon the development and execution of focused programmes of clinical and theoretical research. The planning and design of such programmes must originate with the clear definition of nursing research questions. Nesting such questions within established theoretical frameworks provides a nursing context, lends precise language and suggests relevant variables for study. The development of a sequence of related studies exploring and describing the self-care needs of people with symptomatic mitral valve prolapse illustrates one such systematic research programme. Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing was used as a theoretical framework for four completed studies which describe one population's need for nursing assistance. The evolving nature of the research programme and plans for future research are discussed.
Factors Controlling Upper-Troposphere Water Vapor

The seasonal changes of the upper-tropospheric humidity are studied with the water vapor data from the Microwave Limb Sounder on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite and the winds and vertical velocity data obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Using the same algorithm for vertical transport as that used for horizontal transport (by Zhu and Newell), the authors find that the moisture in the tropical upper troposphere may be increased mainly by intensified local convection in a small portion, less than 10%, of the whole area between 40 degrees S and 40 degrees N. The contribution of large-scale background circulations and divergence of horizontal transport is relatively small in these regions. These dynamic processes cannot be revealed by the traditional analyses of moisture fluxes. The negative response suggested by Lindzen, with enhanced convection in the Tropics being accompanied by subsidence drying in the subtropics, also exists, but the latter does not apparently dominate in the moisture budget.
Toenail Metal Concentration as a Biomarker of Occupational Welding Fume Exposure

In populations exposed to heavy metals, there are few biomarkers that capture intermediate exposure windows. We sought to determine the correlation between toenail metal concentrations and prior 12-month work activity in welders with variable, metal-rich, welding fume exposures. Forty-eight participants, recruited through a local union, provided 69 sets of toenail clippings. Union-supplied and worker-verified personal work histories were used to quantify hours welded and respirator use. Toenail samples were digested and analyzed for lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As) using ICP-MS. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to examine the correlation between toenail metal concentrations. Using mixed models to account for multiple participation times, we divided hours welded into three-month intervals and examined how weld hours correlated with log-transformed toenail Pb, Mn, Cd, Ni, and As concentrations. Highest concentrations were found for Ni, followed by Mn, Pb and ...
Emotional Impulsivity in Children with ADHD Associated with Comorbid—Not ADHD—Symptomatology

Children with ADHD often demonstrate sudden and intense shifts in both positive and negative affect. This study examined the role of diagnostic status on emotional impulsivity in children utilizing ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Parents of 64 8–12 year old children (15 ADHD-only; 27 ADHD-comorbid; 22 control) completed a diagnostic structured interview and then an EMA protocol, rating the child’s affect thrice daily for 28 days. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) suggested that children with ADHD and a comorbid disorder demonstrated significantly more EMA-derived emotional impulsivity than children with ADHD only and control children. No difference was found between children with ADHD only and control children. This study suggested that children with ADHD demonstrate significantly higher levels of emotional impulsivity than control children only in the presence of a comorbid disorder.
Supporting literature for an evidence-based metabolic support practice

Nutrition Support Pharmacist features issues pertinent to the practice of clinical pharmacy in the area of metabolic support. This column is edited by Dr. Roland N. Dickerson, Professor of Clinical...
Rate Constants for the Reactions of Chlorine Atoms with Deuterated Methanes: Experiment and Theory†

Long-path FTIR spectroscopy and ab initio calculations combined with conventional transition state theory were used to study the kinetics of the reactions of Cl atoms with deuterated methanes. The following experimental relative rate constants for the reaction of Cl atoms at 298 ± 5 K and 760 ± 5 Torr were determined: CH3D, (6.5 ± 0.5) × 10-14; CH2D2, (4.2 ± 0.5) × 10-14; CHD3, (1.9 ± 0.3) × 10-14; CD4, (5.4 ± 0.4) × 10-15. All experimental and theoretical rate constants are in units of cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and are relative to the 1.0 × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 rate constant for the reaction of Cl with CH4. All experimental uncertainty limits are 2σ. The geometries, energies, and frequencies of the reactants, products, and transition states were calculated at the level of the second-order Moller−Plesset approximation using a 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis set. The following theoretical relative rate constants were calculated at 298 K using conventional transition state theory combined with an Eckart one-dimensional...
Responding maintained by the opportunity to attack during an interval food reinforcement schedule.

Pigeons responded in a two-key situation. Responses on the right key (food key) were reinforced with food presentation on a response-initiated fixed-interval schedule, (i.e., first response after a fixed period of time was reinforced); responses on the left key (target key) were reinforced on a fixed-ratio schedule (i.e., every nth response was reinforced) with the presentation of a target bird that could be attacked. When the interval value of the food reinforcement schedule was varied from 1 min to 5 min, both the rate of attack responding on the target bird and the rate of responding on the target key were a function of the interval value. Responding on the target key was not maintained by the stimulus change associated with target availability, and was successively extinguished and reconditioned by removing and returning the target bird to the restraining box. When food was delivered independently of behavior, responding on the target key either remained unchanged or decreased, but was not eliminated. Responding on the target key was not maintained in the absence of an intermittent schedule of food presentation.
Chiral separations using heparin and dextran sulfate in capillary zone electrophoresis

The utility of heparin and dextran sulfate as chiral mobile phase additives for the enantioresolution of chloroquine and chlorpheniramine in capillary zone electrophoresis was explored. Factors shown to affect the resolution of these analytes include pH, concentration of the buffer, concentration of the chiral additive and the molecular weight of the additive. In the presence of 2% heparin, optimized baseline resolution for chloroquine required 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.0 while chlorpheniramine required pH 5.0. Similar conditions were required when using dextran sulfate although the best resolution for chlorpheniramine required 50 mM phosphate buffer.
Morphology of wetting reaction of eutectic SnPb solder on Au foils

We have studied the wetting behaviors of eutectic SnPb solder caps on pure Au foils at 200 °C. Surface morphology, wetting angle, and wetting tip stability were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion x‐ray analysis. In addition, interfacial reaction in the bulk diffusion couple of the solder and Au was studied. Intermetallic compound (AuSn4) was observed on the surface of the solder cap, often called the cold joint, as early as 2 s of reflow at 200 °C. The wetting angle decreased with reflow time but remained constant after 180 s of reflow. However, the side‐band width and the diameter of the solder cap continuously increase with the reflow time to 5 min when the entire eutectic SnPb solder cap is fully consumed by intermetallic compound formation. In the bulk diffusion couple of eutectic SnPb and Au, the growth and morphology of the intermetallic compound (AuSn4) was influenced by Au dissolution. Since Au, showing excellent wetting behavior, forms the platelet‐type intermetallic c...
Sensitivity to figure error of a freeform refractive beam shaper

The design equations of freeform two-lens optical systems for redistributing the input radiation in a prescribed manner over a given target set are presented in explicit form. These equations are applied to derive sensitivity measures of the output radiation to figure errors. The general results are applied in several special cases validated against known results for rotationally symmetric lenses.
Msh homeobox genes regulate cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and cell-cell sorting

Msx-1 and Msx-2 are two closely related homeobox genes expressed in cephalic neural crest tooth buds, the optic cup endocardial cushions, and the developing limb [Hill and Davidson, 1991; Monaghan et al., 1991; Robert et al., 1991]. These sites correspond to regions of active cell segregation and proliferation under the influence of epithelial-mesenchymal cell interactions [Brown et al., 1993; Davidson et al., 1991], suggesting that Msx-1 and Msx-2 regulate cell-cell interactions. We have investigated the potential relationship between expression of the Msh homeobox genes (Msx-1 and Msx-2) and cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and cell sorting. We report that cell lines stably expressing Msx-1 or Msx-2 differentially sort on the basis of Msh gene expression. We demonstrate in vitro that initial cell aggregation involves calcium-dependent adhesion molecules (cadherins) and that Msh genes regulate cadherin-mediated adhesion. These results support the hypothesis that Msh genes play a role in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and provide a link between the genetic phenomena of homeobox gene expression and cellular events involved in morphogenesis, including cell sorting and proliferation.
Production of Prostanoids and Nitric Oxide by Infarcted Heartin Situand the Effect of Aspirin

Abstract The production of prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) and thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2 ) in infarcted and noninfarcted portions of the rabbit heart was studied prior to and following administration of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). Aspirin was administered intravenously (iv) as water-soluble Aspisol, d -lysinmono (acetylsalicylate) (Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany) into an ear vein. A branch of the left circumflex coronary artery was ligated. The animals were divided into three groups. The first group received 150 mg/kg/day of aspirin (75 mg/kg of aspirin every 12 h, n = 10). The first administration of aspirin was 1 h after ligation of the coronary artery and the last injection was 1 h before euthanasia. The second group received 5 mg/kg/day of aspirin (every 24 h, n = 10). A separate group of rabbits not receiving aspirin served as controls ( n = 12). Two days following onset of ischemia, inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was measured in heart muscle and the oxidation products of nitric oxide (nitrite, NO − 2 plus nitrate, NO − 3 : their sum referred to as NOx) were determined in arterial and coronary venous blood. Concentrations of both PGI 2 and TXA 2 were elevated in the infarcted portions of the heart compared to the noninfarcted regions. Formation of prostanoids was accompanied by increased activation of iNOS. Both doses of aspirin diminished the concentrations of PGI 2 and TXA 2 in infarcted heart muscle; in contrast, small doses of aspirin failed to influence myocardial iNOS activity. Apparently small doses of aspirin changed the relationship of iNOS to cyclooxygenase (COX). Coronary arterial-venous difference of NOx and myocardial iNOS activity showed parallel increases. Diminution of prostacyclin by aspirin can damage gastric mucosa and interfere with vasodilatation. Since NO counters these deficiencies, a combination of aspirin with a nitric oxide donor may be advantageous.
Pediatric Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma: An Uncommon Occurrence and Its Proposed Management

Inverted papilloma (IP) represents 0.4 to 4.7% of polypoid lesions of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It characteristically presents in the 5th to 6th decade of life, with a 3:1 male predilection. IP most commonly arises along the lateral nasal wall or occasionally from the maxillary antrum or sinus.1,2 Although characterized as a benign tumor, it demonstrates a high recurrence rate and has the capacity to expand by local extension into vital structures.3 Concurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been found in 3-10% of cases.3,4 The etiology of IP is unclear, but human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), have been implicated in its development.1,2,4 Endoscopic exam reveals a papillomatous, polypoid mass which can fill the entire nasal cavity, often involving more than one sinus, making the point of attachment difficult to identify in the awake patient. CT imaging may delineate the origin at a point of bony sclerosis or deformation of the nasal wall, whereas MRI helps distinguish the mass from inspissated secretions or inflammatory changes, and allows evaluation of the extent of tumor growth.2 Pathologic examination is necessary to distinguish IP from other polypoid lesions of the sinonasal tract. It is histologically characterized by hyperplastic ribbons of squamous or ciliated columnar multilayered epithelium mixed with mucocytes that grows endophytically into the underlying stroma.1,4 IP has rarely been described in the pediatric patient population, with less than 20 confirmed cases in the English language literature. Hyam’s landmark study of 149 patients with sinonasal IP included no pediatric cases.5 Schramm’s series of 376 pediatric nasal masses did not include a single case of IP.6 Pediatric Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma: An Uncommon Occurrence and Its Proposed Management Benjamin Y. Rafii, MD1,3; Maggie A. Kuhn, MD1,3; Elana Opher, MD4; Aaron Hartman, MD4; and Jessica W. Lim, MD2,3 Department of Otolaryngology, 1NYU School of Medicine and 2SUNY Downstate, Departments of 3Otolaryngology and 4Pathology, Lenox Hill Hospital
Determination of |Vcb| Using Moments of Inclusive B Decay Spectra

Preliminary results of a measurement of | V c b | by the CLEO collaboration are presented. The analysis uses a fit to moments of lepton energy, hadronic mass, and q2 in B → X c l ν and photon energy in B → X s γ to determine | V c b | and the HQET parameters to a third-order expansion in 1 / m b . The CLEO measurements of the moments are briefly summarized. We measure | V c b | and m b to be ( 42.3 ± 0.8 ) × 10 −3 and 4.564 −0.074 +0.073 GeV / c 2 , respectively. Only experimental uncertainties are included in these preliminary results. Theoretical uncertainties are under study.