cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applicability of agarose gel electrophoresis to the physical characterization of clathrin-coated vesicles

Agarose gel electrophoresis was found to be applicable to the physical characterization of clathrin-coated vesicles from bovine brain and rat liver. The vesicles from brain are smaller and, at pH 6.4, more highly charged than those from liver. Using a standard curve for spherical viruses, the mean radii of the brain vesicles averaged 40 +/- 3 nm for two preparations, and those of liver vesicles 53 +/- 5 nm. When the comparison between the two species is made within the same experiment, the size difference between rat liver-derived and bovine brain-derived clathrin-coated vesicles is significant at the 95% confidence level. The sizes are compatible with electron microscopy measurements. The mobilities (uncorrected for electroendosmosis), extrapolated to 0% agarose on the Ferguson plot, mu'0 (cm2/sec/V), were 0.76 +/- 0.04 for brain vesicles and 0.61 +/- 0.09 for liver vesicles. These are measures of the average surface net charge of the vesicles. The higher net charge of brain vesicles, compared to liver vesicles, is significant at the 95% confidence level whether the two species are compared intra- or interexperimentally. Charge differences between two different preparations from the same organ were significant at the 95% confidence level, while size differences were not.
Interstitial emphysema after an amalgam restoration

Every dentist should know how to manage interstitial emphysema. A review of the literature and a report of a case occurring in a 47-year-old man are presented.
Thermodynamics of the monohydrogen difluorides IV. The low-temperature heat capacity of NH4HF2

Abstract Adiabatic calorimetric results on NH4HF2 show its heat capacity to be of a simple sigmate shape from 5 to 300 K. Values of Cp(T), So(T) − So(0), {H o (T) − H o (0)} T , and −{G o (T) − H o (0)} T at 298.15 K are 25.50, 27.61, 14.23, and 13.38 calth K−1 mol−1.
A multiplicity result for a boundary value problem with infinitely many singularities

Abstract We consider the second order boundary value problem −u″(t)=a(t)f(u(t)), 0 where a(t)∈Lp[0,1] for some p⩾1 and has countably many singularities in [0,1/2). We show that there exist countably many positive solutions using Holder's inequality and Krasnosel'skii's fixed point theorem for operators on a cone.
Structural transitions in the protein L denatured state ensemble

We use a broad array of biophysical methods to probe the extent of structure and time scale of structural transitions in the protein L denatured state ensemble. Measurement of amide proton exchange protection during the first several milliseconds following initiation of refolding in 0.4 M sodium sulfate revealed weak protection in the first beta-hairpin and helix. A tryptophan residue was introduced into the first beta-hairpin to probe the extent of structure formation in this part of the protein; the intrinsic fluorescence of this tryptophan was found to deviate from that expected given its local sequence context in 2-3 M guanidine, suggesting some partial ordering of this region in the unfolded state ensemble. To further probe this partial ordering, dansyl groups were introduced via cysteine residues at three sites in the protein. It was found that fluorescence energy transfer from the introduced tryptophan to the dansyl groups decreased dramatically upon unfolding. Stopped-flow fluorescence studies showed that the recovery of dansyl fluorescence upon refolding occurred on a submillisecond time scale. To probe the interactions responsible for the residual structure observed in the denatured state ensemble, the conformation of a peptide corresponding to the first beta-hairpin and helix of protein L was studied using circular dichroism spectroscopy and compared to that of full-length protein L and previously characterized peptides corresponding to the isolated helix and second beta-hairpin.
An adaptive technologies course in a CS curriculum

This poster describes part 2 of the 2-year project "Integrating Assistive Technology into an Undergraduate Computer Science Curriculum from an HCI Approach," funded by the National Science Foundation [3]. (Part I of this project is documented in [1, 2].) The intent of this phase of the project is to introduce the topic of computerized aids for the disabled (generally called assistive or adaptive technology (AT)) as an advanced elective course offered for senior Computer Science majors. This report will briefly describe some of the topics to be covered in this new course, how these topics fit within the CS curriculum, sample assignments, and the laboratory equipment used to support demonstrations and assignments. This course is more fully described in [4].
Exogenous β2‐microglobulin is required for antigenic peptide binding to isolated class I major histocompatibility complex molecules

Binding of antigenic peptides to purified class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, as measured by antigen-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) degranulation, was found to occur in the presence of serum but not in its absence. The role of soluble beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), a normal component of serum, in class I-peptide complex formation was therefore examined. Sera depleted of beta 2m did not support effective peptide binding to class I, but binding was restored in the presence of low concentrations of purified human beta 2m. Sequential incubation of immobilized class I with human beta 2m first, followed by peptide, resulted in antigenic complex formation, while reversing the order of pulsing could not. Similar results were obtained in experiments examining H-2Db, Kb and Kd with appropriate peptides and CTL. These results demonstrate that mature class I proteins are not able to directly bind peptide, but that interaction with exogenous beta 2m results in a structure that will subsequently bind peptide. Binding of exogenous beta 2m appears to result in "empty" class I molecules, possibly by exchange for endogenous beta 2m, with a concomitant loss of endogenous peptide.
The relative influence of the engineering function in organizational purchasing

Abstract Organizational purchasing usually involves numerous functional areas within a business. However, the specific nature of the interaction among various areas is relatively unknown. This research contributes to the body of knowledge in this area by examining the role that the engineering function plays in a variety of purchase situations. The results indicated that the engineering function often plays a major role in the purchasing process. This has specific implications for the content of academic programs in engineering. Additionally, the results have significant implications for both improving purchasing effectiveness and enhancing the flow of communications within organizations.
The value of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography in screening asymptomatic patients with atrial fibrillation for coronary artery disease.

Objectives We sought to determine if screening for coronary artery disease (CAD) with stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is of value in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who do not have symptoms of chest pain or dyspnea. Background Although noninvasive stress testing is often done to screen for CAD in asymptomatic patients with AF and is considered to be appropriate in selected patients, its potential utility has not been demonstrated. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 374 asymptomatic patients with AF referred for the detection of CAD. Mean follow-up was 5.7 ± 3.8 years. The study group was compared with a control group of 374 asymptomatic age and gender-matched patients without AF. Results The mean summed stress score (SSS) was not significantly different between AF patients and control subjects (3.6 ± 5.3 vs. 3.5 ± 5.9; p = 0.35). Compared with controls, asymptomatic AF patients had similar rates of abnormal SPECT studies (51.6% vs. 48.4%; p = 0.38) and high-risk studies (14.4% vs. 14.4%; p = 1.0). The SSS was a significant predictor of outcome in both AF patients and control subjects. However, total mortality was significantly greater in AF patients (5-year overall mortality 27% vs. 18%, 10-year overall mortality 47% vs. 40%; p Conclusions Screening for CAD using stress SPECT in asymptomatic AF patients has a yield similar to age- and gender-matched control patients without AF. Although SSS predicts mortality in patients with and without AF, patients with AF have increased total mortality independent of the findings on stress SPECT. These results suggest that factors other than obstructive CAD are responsible for the increased mortality in AF.
Hot Electron Induced Degradation of N-Channel IGFETs

Under certain bias conditions, electrons flowing through the channel of an n-channel IGFET can be injected into the gate insulator. A fraction of the injected electrons is trapped in the dielectric, producing a shift in device operating characteristics. This phenomenon is minimized by proper device design. A model is described to predict long-term shifts from accelerated stress test data.
The analysis of streptococcal infections. V. Cardiotoxicity of streptolysin O for rabbits in vivo.

1. The rapid death which occurred after intravenous injection of activated streptolysin O from. Group A or Group C streptococci was always preceded by profound electrocardiographic alterations. After several multiples of the LD50 doses, cardiac electrical arrest or fibrillation could occur within 2 to 4 seconds after completion of the injection. 2. The streptolysin O preparations used were rather highly purified, but were known to be contaminated with small amounts of one or two other immunologically distinct components. Evidence that the observed results were due to streptolysin O was obtained by tests of the reversibly oxidized materials, and by cholesterol inactivation, as well as by in vivo protection with human gamma globulin rich in antistreptolysin antibodies. 3. Four non-streptolysin streptococcal antigens, partially or highly purified, failed to produce similar electrocardiographic changes, and were much less toxic. One of these was 3 X recrystallized and 1 X rechromatographed streptococcal proteinase. Shigella paradysenteriae type III endotoxin also did not produce striking electrocardiographic abnormalities. 4. A working hypothesis has been developed implicating streptolysin O as the etiological streptococcal factor responsible for the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever, which seems to account for the principal features of this illness.
Acute L-triiodothyronine administration potentiates inotropic responses to β-adrenergic stimulation in the isolated perfused rat heart

Objective: Acute inotropic effects of triiodothyronine (T3) have been reported, employing both in vivo experimental animal models and in vitro isolated heart perfusions. However, the mechanisms responsible for these acute inotropic effects remain unclear. The aim of this study, therefore, was to delineate the role of the β-adrenergic receptor system in these acute responses. Methods: The hearts from both euthyroid and hypothyroid (treated with 0.05% PTU in drinking water) male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in 5 experimental study protocols. Hearts from euthyroid rats were perfused with buffer containing either T3 (10−7 M) or control while continuously recording left ventricular function for 10 min (‘acute effects’). Two-hour perfusions (‘subacute effects’) and cardiac responses following increasing doses of isoproterenol (10−10 to 10−6 M) in the presence or absence of T3-containing buffer (acute interaction) were also determined. In hypothyroid rats, the subacute responses and the acute interactions were investigated. Results: In the presence of T3, an acute, significant potentiation of the inotropic responses following β-adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol was observed in both rat cohorts, which was more pronounced in hearts from euthyroid rats. An acute (<40 s), but transient (79 ± 8 s), direct inotropic response was observed in hearts from euthyroid rats. No cardiac responses were seen during a 2-h perfusion in hearts from either euthyroid or hypothyroid rats. Conclusions: The acute inotropic effects of T3 in non-ischemic myocardium probably result from an acute interaction between T3 and catecholamines rather than through a direct inotropic effect of T3 alone.
Effect of carnitine on free fatty acid utilization in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

Abstract The oxidation of palmitate-1- 14 C to 14 CO 2 in homogenates of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was increased approximately 2.5 times by the addition of carnitine. Carnitine palmityltransferase and long-chain fatty acid thiokinase activities were demonstrated in this homogenate. It is postulated that, as in non-enoplastic tissues, an acylcarnitine intermediate probably is involved in the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids by the tumor homogenate. Radioactive carnitine was taken up by the intact tumor cell, and a small fraction of this was incorporated into long-chain acylcarnitine. When exogenous palmitate was available, the incorporation of radioactive carnitine into long-chain acylcarnitine was doubled. However, exogenous palmitate-1- 14 C oxidation by the intact tumor cell was not stimulated by addition of carnitine to the incubation medium, and deoxycarnitine did not inhibit palmitate oxidation by the intact cell. Added carnitine also had no effect on palmitate-1- 14 C incorporation into the total lipid, phospholipid, triglyceride, or free fatty acid fractions of the intact cell.
Methodological study of form constancy development

Abstract Comparison of the results of previous studies of form constancy development is difficult because of differences in experimental paradigms used. The present study tested some aspects of the construction and mode of presentation of the comparison series presented by means of the method of limits. A randomized comparison series produced higher form constancy performance than did a serially-ordered series, and there were differences depending on the location of the point of objective equality with respect to the midpoint of the series. In addition, the ordered series resulted in a large error of anticipation at all ages studied. These results thus demonstrate the influence of the comparison series on apparent developmental trends of form constancy. The general trend of constancy performance was found to increase with age, contradicting the conclusions of most previous studies.
Variation in the sensitivity of predicted levels of atmospheric organic particulate matter (OPM).

This study examines the sensitivity in predicted levels of atmospheric organic particulate matter (Mo, μg m−3) to changes in the governing gas/particle partitioning constants and the &#x1d4af;I (levels of condensable organic compounds, μg m−3). Mo is given by the difference between ∑&#x1d4af;i and the corresponding sum for the gas-phase levels. It is demonstrated that the sensitivity in predicted Mo levels increases rapidly as Mo becomes very small relative to ∑&#x1d4af;i: as the &#x1d4af;i, decrease, the gas phase becomes increasingly capable of holding the majority of all &#x1d4af;i, and small changes in system parameters can cause large relative changes in Mo. These effects are illustrated using predictions for two values of the reacted hydrocarbon concentration (ΔHC) for each of three secondary organic aerosol systems for relative humidity (RH) = 20−80%. Specific structures for the oxidation products allows consideration of the effects of varying activity coefficients and water uptake. At low Mo/∑&#x1d4af;i (as may be found in the atmosphere away f...
Microbodies (Peroxisomes) Containing Catalase in Myocardium: Morphological and Biochemical Evidence

Microbodies characterized by a single limiting membrane and finely granular matrix occur in mouse myocardium and appear in close spatial relation to mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The presence of catalase in the microbodies is revealed cytochemically and confirmed biochemically by direct measurement of its activity in myocardial tissue fractions. It is suggested that the microbodies may play an important role in myocardial lipid metabolism.
Air drag on fine filaments at oblique and normal angles to the air stream

Measurements are reported for air drag on fine filaments whose axes are oriented at oblique and normal angles to the air velocity. In terms of the drag coefficient C DN the data are fit well by the following relation: C DN =6.96(Re DN ) -0.440 (d/d 0 ) 0.404 , where Re DN is the Reynolds number based on flow normal to the fiber axis, and d/d 0 is a dimensionless fiber diameter. A wide range of conditions were tested: filament diameters ranged from 13 to 390 microns, gas velocities ranged from 22 to 83 m/s, and fiber Reynolds numbers ranged from 29 to 2120
Neural membrane microdomains as computational systems: Toward molecular modeling in the study of neural disease.

Several studies indicate that the lipid biological membrane contains discrete regions known as rafts or microdomains. These structures range in size from ∼50 to 70 nm to nearly a μm and play important roles in cell signaling. In the neuron, computational models suggest that transiently polarized microdomain ethenes may regulate ion-channel dynamics and control impulse propagation. Thus the microdomain is nominated as the fundamental unit of nervous system signaling. Based on this model, the article proposes a first-approximation design for a supported-membrane device which would mimic microdomain properties. The basic architecture would consist of an electrically addressable biotemplated nanowire crossing an artificial membrane corralled in a vertical carbon nanofiber barrier. Advantages and disadvantages of model components are discussed at length. It is proposed that artificial devices of this type would be medically useful in simulating membrane states correlated with neural disease. This possibility is examined with reference to the A-current potassium channel, implicated in epilepsy.
The application of pulse-shape discrimanation to separating phototube noise pulse from scintillation pulses

Abstract A description is given of a pulse-shape discrimination technique to reduce phototube noise counts when measuring low-energy X-rays. This technique uses a conventional fast-slow base-line crossing coincidence system to discriminate between the phototube noise, which consists predominately of fast rising pulses and the signal from the scintillator which may be much slower. Experimental results are given for two types of phototubes using NaI(Tl) scintillators. Under ideal conditions the noise count above the equivalent of 2 keV can be reduced to a few a minute.
A Device For Tide Quantitative Analysis Of Chromosome Images

In the last few years there has been a dramatic increase in the interest of the medical community with human cytogenetics. This interest has been generated by the demonstrated relationship between chromosome abnormalities and human pathology, and there is the expectation that this discipline will provide an even better understanding of the human organism.© (1971) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Hydrogen sulfide as a source of hydrogen

Abstract We suggest that hydrogen sulfide (that which is removed from fossil fuels as an unwanted waste product, as well as that which might be sought as a mineral in its own right), should be considered as a source of hydrogen. We discuss several techniques by means of which hydrogen sulfide might be thus exploited. We address, very briefly, the apparent problem of finding materials of construction for use in such processes.
Synthesis of ∗BEA-type molecular sieves using mesoporous materials as reagents

Abstract A new method for synthesizing ∗BEA-type molecular sieves that involves the use of mesoporous materials as reagents is presented. Si-Beta (pure-silica, ∗BEA-type molecular sieve) is synthesized by heating TEAOH-impregnated Si-MCM-41 to 150°C for several days. The Si-Beta obtained has a small number of Q3 sites that are mostly siloxy groups that balance the charge of TEA cations. TEA cations can easily be removed by contacting the Si-Beta with acetic acid solution, and as a result, a highly hydrophobic Si-Beta is formed. Ti-Beta is synthesized from Ti-containing mesoporous silica or Ti-impregnated Si-MCM-41 without adding Al3+, alkali-metal cations and seeds. The incorporation of Ti into the ∗BEA structure is confirmed by UV–vis data. ∗BEA-type materials that contain other species such as Al, B, V, Zr and Zn can also be prepared.
Increases in Middle Ear Pressure Resulting from Counter-Diffusion of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide into the Middle Ear of Monkeys

The mechanism of middle ear (ME) pressure regulation is incompletely understood. Previously, Hergels and Magnuson reported an unexpected increase in ME pressure for human subjects who partially evacuated their relative positive ME pressures by swallowing. They suggested that a novel, but unknown mechanism for the generation of gas was responsible for the pressure increase. In this experiment, the MEs of rhesus monkeys were inflated with N2 via the eustachian tube and post inflation ME pressures were recorded for up to three hours. Eleven of 20 experiments showed an initial increase in ME pressure caused by the inflation followed by stable pressures for the remainder of the followup period. In 9 of the experiments, a rapid and temporally discrete decrease in ME pressure was observed during the course of followup. Following the observed pressure decrease which was interpreted as a transient eustachian tube opening, ME pressures showed a progressive increase characterized by a kinetic pattern similar to that of the human experiment. To understand the mechanism responsible for this effect, the monkey experiment was simulated using a mathematical model of ME pressure regulation. Free parameters of the model were taken from experimental data for monkeys. The model accurately predicted the time course of pressure change documented in the monkey experiments. The effect is driven by a decrease in the preexisting ME partial pressures of CO2, O2 and H2O consequent to tubal openings at relative positive pressures, with the subsequent counter diffusion of those gases from blood to ME causing the observed increase in total ME pressure. The results reported by Hergels and Magnuson can also be explained by this mechanism.
Signal averaging for noise reduction in anesthesia monitoring and control with communication channels

This paper investigates impact of noise and signal averaging on patient control in anesthesia applications, especially in networked control system settings such as wireless connected systems, sensor networks, local area networks, or tele-medicine over a wide area network. Such systems involve communication channels which introduce noises due to quantization, channel noises, and have limited communication bandwidth resources. Usually signal averaging can be used effectively in reducing noise effects when remote monitoring and diagnosis are involved. However, when feedback is intended, we show that signal averaging will lose its utility substantially. To explain this phenomenon, we analyze stability margins under signal averaging and derive some optimal strategies for selecting window sizes. A typical case of anesthe-sia depth control problems is used in this development.
IS THERE A FUTURE FOR SCHOOL COUNSELING IN THE UNITED STATES

School counseling in the United States is going through a very difficult period. Reasons for the difficulties are discussed. Suggestions are offered for modifications in counseling practice and in counselor education needed to overcome the current problems. Hopefully, the issues raised in the paper will be especially relevant in those countries which have relied heavily on literature and expertise from the United States in developing their counseling services.
Flower Formation in Excised Tobacco Stem Segments; I. Methodology and Effects of Plant Hormones

The formation of flowers has been studied in stem tissue excised from flowering plants of Nicotiana tabacum variety Wisconsin No. 38, and cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium. A procedure for quantitative evaluation of factors influencing floral expression has been developed and effects of the growth substances, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), kinetin and gibberellic acid (GA(3)), on the process are reported.Although a low (1 mum) level of IAA was required for the development of normal flowers on stem segments, higher concentrations tended to inhibit flowering. The decrease in floral buds was rapid in the 3 to 15 mum range. IAA concentrations up to 75 mum increased vegetative bud formation so as to effect a transition from floral to vegetative buds rather than merely an inhibition of bud formation. Higher IAA concentrations inhibited both vegetative and floral bud formation.Kinetin in high concentrations greatly increased the number of vegetative buds but had no significant effect on the number of floral buds per segment. High kinetin concentrations also permitted branching of floral shoots so that flower clusters were formed.GA(3) applied in the medium from the start, strongly inhibited bud formation on the stem segments, but when applied to young floral buds after they had formed, it promoted their further development ("bolting").Flower formation occurred in complete darkness, but light of moderate intensity was required for the development of normal flowers.
The final crisis of tribalism: Comparative ethnic policy on the American and Russian frontiers

(1978). The final crisis of tribalism: Comparative ethnic policy on the American and Russian frontiers. Ethnic and Racial Studies: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 100-123.
Restoration of humoral immune functions following transplantation of peripheral blood lymphocytes into cyclophosphomide-treated chicks

Abstract Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from various age donors were used to restore humoral immunity in cyclophosphamide-treated chickens. Restoration was evaluated by following immunoglobulin class ontogeny, production of natural and immune antibodies, animal survival patterns, and by histological examination of bursae and spleens. Transplantation of PBL from 30- to 90- but not 3- to 20-day-old donors was capable of a relatively long-term restoration of humoral immune functions. Lymphoid repopulation of the bursal follicles did not occur in recipients of 3- to 20-day-old donors but did occur in recipients of cells from 30-day-old donors and, to a lesser extent, in recipients of cells from 45- and 90-day-old donors.
A larger-scale study of gas separation by hollow-fiber-contained liquid membrane permeator

Long-term results of model biogas purification studies in a large-scale hollow-fiber-contained liquid membrane permeator containing 7008 hydrophobic microporous polypropylene hollow fibers are presented. The liquid membranes used were either pure water or an aqueous 20 wt.% diethanolamine (DEA) solution. Gas mixtures containing CO2 and N2 or CO2 and CH4 were utilized as feed. Steady and stable separation performance was observed for both passive and facilitated transport membranes.
Perchlorate and nitrate reductase activity in the perchlorate-respiring bacterium perclace.

Summary The perchlorate (ClO 4 − )-respiring organism, strain perc1ace, can grow using nitrate (NO 3 − ) as a terminal electron acceptor. In resting cell suspensions, NO 3 − grown cells reduced ClO 4 − , and ClO 4 − grown cells reduced NO 3 − . Activity assays showed that nitrate reductase (NR) activity was 1.31 μmol min −1 (mg protein) −1 in ClO 4 − grown cells, and perchlorate reductase (PR) activity was 4.24 μmol min −1 (mg protein) −1 in NO 3 − grown cells. PR activity was detected within the periplasmic space, with activities as high as 14 μmol min −1 (mg protein) −1 . The NR had a pH optimum of 9.0 while the PR had an optimum of 8.0. This study suggests that separate terminal reductases are present in strain perclace to reduce NO 3 − and ClO 4 − .
Buckling analysis of general triangular anisotropic plates using polynomials

The problem of buckling of general triangular anisotropic plates with different boundary conditions subjected to combined in-plane loads is considered. Solutions for plate buckling are obtained by using a Rayleigh-Ritz method combined with a variational formulation. The Ritz functions consist of polynomials that include circulation functions that are used to impose various boundary conditions. Both classical laminated-plate theory and first-order shear-deformation theory are used. Numerical buckling results obtained for isotropic and anisotropic triangular plates are compared with results from existing series solutions.
Cohomological lower bounds for isoperimetric functions on groups

Abstract If the finitely presented group G splits over the finitely presented sub-group C, then classes are constructed in H 2 (∞) (G) which reflect the splitting and which serve as lower bounds for isoperimetric functions for G. It is proved that H 2 (∞) (G)=0 for all word hyperbolic groups G. A converse is obtained for the combination theorem for hyperbolic groups of Bestvina–Feighn. The Mayer–Vietoris exact sequence for l ∞ -cohomology associated to a splitting of a group is established. Metabolic groups are introduced as finitely presented groups G such that H 2 (∞) (G, A)=0 for all normed abelian coefficient groups A and such groups G are shown to be characterized by possessing “thin” combings.
Teaching in color: a critical race theory in education analysis of the literature on preservice teachers of color and teacher education in the US

In this article I take seriously the call for recruiting and retaining more preservice teachers of color by critically considering some of the pressing challenges they might encounter in teacher preparation programs. I draw from critical race theory (CRT) in education to review the extant literature on preservice teachers of color and teacher education in the US. I excavate how the dominant, (dis)embodied and normalized culture of Whiteness, White privilege and White hegemony pervades contemporary teacher education, and presents a formidable challenge to the goal of preparing teachers (of color) to teach in a manner that is relevant, critical and humanizing while also socially and individually transformative. I conclude by envisioning how teacher education programs might address these challenges in such a way that more effectively meets the needs of preservice teachers.
Dar al-Islam: The Evolution of Muslim Territoriality and Its Implications for Conflict Resolution in the Middle East

Conflict and conflagration are not unique to the Middle East. Rare is the region where, at some point in history, disparate peoples have not clashed and killed. Attempts to assert primacy, when unsuccessful, have often led to periods of retrenching. When successful, postures of victory are precarious, subject to the transient recuperation of the vanquished.
Effect of Arousal on the Nystagmus Response of Normal Children

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of arousal on the nystagmus response of normal children to vestibular stimulation. Arousal level was manipulated by verbal instruction in 12 subjects (six boys and six girls) during a standard set of sinusoidal angular acceleration stimulation. Electronystagemographic data reflecting the nystagmus response differed significantly during “aroused” and “relaxed” conditions. Implications for the use of nystagmus as a measure of vestibular responsively are discussed.
Localization of 5S RNA Genes on Drosophila Chromosomes by RNA-DNA Hybridization

[ 3H ] RNA with a high specific activity was prepared from larvae of Drosophila melanogaster grown 4 days in contact with [ 3H ] uridine. Purified tritiated 5 S RNA was annealed to the DNA of polytene chromosomes, which had been denatured in formamide. The 5 S RNA genes are placed within the region 56E-F of the right arm of chromosome 2. This localization was determined from autoradiographs, where the radioactivity from hybrids of [ 3H ] RNA and DNA was confined to the 56E-F segment.
Tunable Reactivation of Nanoparticle-Inhibited β-Galactosidase by Glutathione at Intracellular Concentrations

Positively charged trimethylammonium-functionalized mixed monolayer protected clusters (MMPCs) of different chain lengths (C8 and C11) have been used to bind β-galactosidase through complementary electrostatic interactions, resulting in complete enzyme inhibition. This inhibition can be reversed in vitro by intracellular concentrations of glutathione (GSH), the main thiol component of the cell. The restoration of activity depends on the chain length of the monolayer. The activity of enzyme bound to particles with C8 monolayer was completely restored by intracellular concentrations (1−10 mM) of GSH; however, little or no release was observed at extracellular GSH concentrations. In contrast, no restoration was observed for enzyme bound to the C11 particles at any of the concentrations studied. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the GSH-mediated release of enzymes bound to MMPCs can be tuned through the structure of the monolayer, a significant tool for protein and drug delivery applications.
The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Enterprise Risk Management

Abstract:This article contributes to insights regarding the role of organizational culture in the implementation of risk management across an enterprise. Enterprise risk management is a systematic approach to managing all forms of risk faced by an organization, including those in the purview of an engineering manager. The literature discusses organizational culture's importance in ERM implementation, but there is scant empirical evidence regarding this connection. This research combined a culture measurement instrument with gauges of ERM implementation. The results were correlated, and the analysis supports the hypothesis that organic cultures tend to make greater progress in their ERM programs. An engineering manager can use this article to identify potential cultural strengths and barriers prior to implementing ERM.
Proposal Writing—A Remedy for a Missing Part of Graduate Training

The Nature of the Problem. Some years ago, when I had the privilege of serving as a program director at the National Science Foundation, the proposals I read left me with a distinct impression: many researchers presented exciting research ideas, but in a high proportion of cases the exciting ideas were embedded in horrendously constructed proposals. In relatively few cases were the proposals well constructed, with important elements missing or underdeveloped. One would often find, for example, after a clear initial statement of the research
Press-fit condylar design total knee arthroplasty. Fourteen to seventeen-year follow-up.

Background: The Press-Fit Condylar total knee arthroplasty implant design has been used by many orthopaedic surgeons over the last twenty years. The design has survived with relatively minor modifications and remains a popular implant system today. The present study represents the fourteen to seventeen-year results for our patients who were described in our previous report on the eight to ten-year results. Methods: The senior author performed 160 consecutive total knee arthroplasties with use of the Press-Fit Condylar cruciate-retaining device in 134 patients between 1986 and 1989. The mean age of the patients at the time of the index procedure was 70.5 years. Follow-up data were available for sixty-three of sixty-four surviving knees. Surviving patients were followed for a mean of 15.8 years. The knees were evaluated on the basis of Knee Society function and clinical scores, radiographs, and survivorship analysis. Results: The mean Knee Society function score was 65, and the mean clinical score was 89. The overall survival rate of the knee was 91.5% with revision for any reason as the end point and 97.2% with aseptic loosening as the end point. The rate of revision of the tibial insert because of wear-related aseptic loosening was 2.5%. We found no relationship between revision and the shelf life or method of sterilization of the polyethylene insert. Radiolucent lines were present in 62% (twenty-one) of thirty-four knees; all radiolucent lines were nonprogressive. None of the implants were loose according to the criteria of the Knee Society. Conclusions: This long-term analysis indicates that the Press-Fit Condylar total knee implant is a successful implant system with excellent longevity. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
814 ALTERED PATTERN OF SPECTRIN PHOSPHORYLATION IN SENESCENT HUMAN RED CELLS

The membrane protein spectrin is important in the maintenance of red blood cell (RBC) membrane shape and stability. We have previously shown that it is phosphorylated at 4 sites clustered near the C-terminus of its smaller subunit. These phosphates may control spectrin's interaction with other membrane proteins. To test whether spectrin phosphorylation changed with RBC age, intact RBCs were labeled with 33PO4, fractionated by density, and assayed for age (using marker enzymes) and for the position and number of 33PO4's in spectrin dimer. 33p-spectrin prepared from old (average=90 d of age) and control RBCs had identical numbers of 33p phosphates; however the distribution of 33p was altered in old RBCs. 33P-label in the most distal phosphorylation site was reduced from 0.95±0.05 moles/mole spectrin dimer to 0.25±0.05(n=4) and was proportionally increased in a more proximal site(s). Similar changes occurred in RBCs incubated in the absence of substrate for 20 hrs (but not for 12 hrs). Phosphorylation of purified 33P-spectrin from old RBCs with spectrin kinase and γ-32P-ATP produced the same number and distribution of phosphates as control. We conclude that the location of spectrin phosphates in senescent or metabolically-depleted RBCs is altered. This may be caused by enzymatic redistribution of isotopic label or by a structural alteration of the distal phosphorylation site. This change may contribute to the membrane instability and eventual demise of the aged RBC.
Mechanical characterization of Lipon films using nanoindentation

Abstract Nanoindentation has been used to characterize the elastic modulus and hardness of LiPON films ranging in thickness from 1 to 10 μm. Four fully dense, amorphous films were deposited on glass and sapphire substrates with one film annealed at 200 °C for 20 min. The modulus of LiPON is found to be approximately 77 GPa, and argued to be independent of the substrate type, film thickness, and annealing. Based on the numerical analysis of Monroe and Newman, this value may be sufficiently high to mechanically suppress dendrite formation at the lithium/LiPON interface in thin film batteries [1] . Using Sneddon's stiffness equation and assuming the modulus is 77 GPa, the hardness is found to be approximately 3.9 GPa for all but the annealed film. The hardness of the annealed film is approximately 5% higher, at 4.1 GPa. Atomic force microscopy images of the residual hardness impressions confirm the unexpected increase in hardness of the annealed film. Surprisingly, the indentation data also reveal time-dependent behavior in all four films. This indicates that creep may also play a significant role in determining how LiPON responds to complex loading conditions and could be important in relieving stresses as they develop during service.
A Guide to the Understanding and Use of Tricyclic Antidepressants in the Overall Management of Fibromyalgia and Other Chronic Pain Syndromes

The purpose of this review is to present relatively detailed information on the characteristics of tricyclic antidepressants, mainly amitriptyline hydrochloride and doxepin hydrochloride, for use as an integral part of the safe and effective management of fibromyalgia and, to a lesser extent, other chronic pain syndromes. Data sources include MEDLINE searches in English, relevant reference books and textbooks, my personal database and library, as well as personal clinical experience. I discuss these data with regard to the pharmacologic characteristics, mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and precautions involved with the use of tricyclic antidepressants. Additional information is given on drug selection and dosage titration. Much emphasis is placed on the fact that while tricyclic antidepressants play a major role in the management of fibromyalgia and other chronic pain syndromes, lifestyle alterations (eg, physical reconditioning and exercise), as well as behavior modification, are also vital to a successful outcome in management. ( Arch Intern Med. 1996; 156:1047-1052 )
THE EFFECT OF IMPRISONMENT ON RECIDIVISM RATES OF FELONY OFFENDERS: A FOCUS ON DRUG OFFENDERS*

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the deterrent effect of imprisonment. Using data on offenders convicted of felonies in 1993 in Jackson County (Kansas City), Missouri, we compare recidivism rates for offenders sentenced to prison with those for offenders placed on probation. We find no evidence that imprisonment reduces the likelihood of recidivism. Instead, we find compelling evidence that offenders who are sentenced to prison have higher rates of recidivism and recidivate more quickly than do offenders placed on probation. We also find persuasive evidence that imprisonment has a more pronounced criminogenic effect on drug offenders than on other types of offenders.
Mitoxantrone and high‐dose ara‐C in refractory malignancies: A phase I trial

On the basis of in vitro studies demonstrating marked synergy between mitoxantrone and high-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) (HiDAC) against L5178Y murine leukemia and clinical studies showing usefulness of the combination in patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia, a phase I study was initiated to find tolerable doses for use in patients with refractory solid tumors. Initial dose levels were mitoxantrone 2 mg/m2 infused over 30 minutes, followed by high-dose ara-C 750 mg/m2 infused over 3 hours repeated once at 24 hours (total dose 4 mg/m2 mitoxantrone and 1,500 mg/m2 HiDAC per 2-day course), with planned subsequent escalation of mitoxantrone. Moderate-to-severe myelosuppression, however, required sequential dose reduction of both agents. Nonhematologic toxicity was restricted to manageable nausea and vomiting in one-half the patients and a single episode of transient delirium of uncertain etiology. No responses were observed in 23 heavily pretreated patients with a wide variety of malignancies. On the basis of this study, doses of 187-375 mg/m2 ara-C given every 24 hours for two doses following mitoxantrone 1 mg/m2 every 24 hours for two doses would be tolerated by most patients with subsequent dose escalation in some as allowed by myelosuppression.
Distribution of membrane glycoproteins among the organelles of a single identified neuron of Aplysia. I. Association of a [3H]glycoprotein with vesicles.

Abstract [ 3 H]-acetylgalactosamine injected into the cell body of R2, the giant cholinergic neuron in the abdominal ganglion, is rapidly incorporated into membrane glycoprotein and glycolipid. Incorporation, which is localized to the injected cells, occurs at a constant rate for approximately 15 h. By that time, 83% of the labeled macromolecules are associated with membranes. Quantitative electron microscopic radioautography of the cell body shows that labeling of membranous organelles is selective: the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and lucent and compound vesicles are labeled, while the nucleus, end-stage lysosomes, and mitochondria are not. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the total membranes from more than 40 R2s examined individually resolves reproducibly 5 major labeled glycoprotein components. In order to determine which of these are associated with vesicles, we isolated a labeled vesicle fraction from R2 using a combination of differential centrifugation and filtration on a column of glass beads with 200 nm pores. This fraction was consistently enriched in [ 3 H]glycoproteins I (180,000 Daltons) and V (90,000 Daltons) relative to those fractions containing larger organelles. These experiments suggest that different organelles contain characteristic membrane components.
A New Mechanism for Metal-Catalyzed Stannane Dehydrocoupling Based on α-H-Elimination in a Hafnium Hydrostannyl Complex

The hafnium hydrostannyl complex CpCp*Hf(SnHMes2)Cl (Cp* = η5-C5Me5) has been synthesized from the reaction of CpCp*Hf(H)Cl with Mes2SnH2. This compound has been identified as an intermediate in the metal-catalyzed dehydrocoupling of Mes2SnH2 to the distannane Mes2HSnSnHMes2 (Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl). The dehydrocoupling in this system appears to occur by elimination of :SnMes2 from CpCp*Hf(SnHMes2)Cl, with Sn−Sn bond formation proceeding via insertion of the stannylene into a Sn−H bond.
Event-related potentials to odor stimuli

Fifteen subjects participated in a study designed to record event-related potentials (ERPs) to various concentrations of the odorant n-butyl alcohol. Subjects pressed a response key upon detection of the odor, while ERPs were recorded from nine electrode positions. Results indicated a concentration-dependent increase in amplitude of a P300-like component 320–520 msec following the stimulus onset. Correlations between subjects’ sensory thresholds and activity at frontal electrode sites were also found. The absence of early ERP components is discussed.
Reduced memory for the spatial and temporal context of unpleasant words

Emotional stimuli are consistently better remembered than neutral stimuli. However, the reported effects of emotional stimuli on source memory are less consistent. In four experiments, we examined spatial and temporal source memory and free recall for emotional words previously studied in an fMRI experiment. In the fMRI experiment, the unpleasant but not the pleasant words were shown to activate the amygdala. In the experiments reported here, spatial and temporal source memory were reduced for the unpleasant words compared to pleasant and neutral words. Reduced spatial memory for unpleasant words was observed across studies that varied the specific stimuli, task conditions, and incidental versus intentional encoding instructions. Free recall was enhanced for the pleasant and unpleasant words compared to neutral words. The results demonstrate reduced source memory for unpleasant words even when item recall is enhanced. Our findings are consistent with prior reports of amygdala-mediated amnestic effects evo...
X-ray diffraction study of the cubic-to-tetragonal structural transformation in substoichiometric lanthanum trihydride and trideuteride

A low-temperature powder x-ray diffraction study of 13 compounds in the series $\mathrm{La}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ and $\mathrm{La}{\mathrm{D}}_{x}$ ($2.50\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}3.00$) indicates the presence of a cubic-to-tetragonal distortion of the lanthanum sublattice for a limited concentration range centered about $x=2.75$. Transformation temperatures occur from 197 to 256 K, with a maximum distortion from cubic symmetry of about 1%. Possible influence on the metal sublattice from the hydrogen (deuterium) sublattices is considered. Precision room-temperature lattice parameters are also reported for 22 samples in the extended series $\mathrm{La}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ and $\mathrm{La}{\mathrm{D}}_{x}$ ($2.00\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}3.00$).