cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential behavioral response in LEW/N and F344/N rats: effects of corticotropin releasing hormone.

Abstract Glowa J.R., Esther M. Sternberg, and Philip W. Gold. Differential Behavioral Response in LEW/N and F344/N Rats: Effects of Corticotropin Releasing Hormone. Prog. NeuroPsychopharmacol. & Biol. Psychiat. 1992, 16(4):549–560. 1. 1. Previous studies have documented that LEW/N rats exhibit an inflammatory response when challenged with a variety of stressful stimuli while histocompatible F344/N rats do not. These differences are thought to be regulated by the HPA axis. 2. 2. In order to examine behavioral correlates of suspected differences in HPA activity in these strains, the baseline response to an open field as well as the effects of 3 μg/rat of CRH i.c.v. were compared across strains. 3. 3. Significant differences in the pattern of activity in the open field, rearing, and grooming, as well as effects of CRH were found between strains. 4. 4. The differences found are consistent with the notion that differences in endogenous CRH may form the basis for the differential susceptibility of these strains to autoimmune disease, and provide a model to study genetic determinants of CNS-immune system interactions.
A simple and inexpensive method for sending binary vector plasmid DNA by mail

We describe a simple cost-effective technique for the transport of binary vector plasmid DNA by mail. Our results demonstrate that common multipurpose printing paper is a satisfactory substrate and superior to the more absorbent 3 MM chromatography paper for the transport of plasmid DNA through the mail. We show that depositing as little as 100 ng of purified plasmid onto multipurpose printing paper is sufficient to allow recovery of the mailed DNA. Also observed was an inverse correlation between vector size and recovery of intact plasmid DNA, thus larger binary vectors require the deposition of more plasmid to ensure successful recovery.
Local Therapy for Cytomegalovirus Retinitis

OBJECTIVE:To examine the role of intraocular therapy in the management of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis associated with AIDS.DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search was conducted for the years 1980–1997. In addition, relevant articles were cross-referenced to screen for additional information. The AIDS/HIV Treatment Directory was searched for information on ongoing studies.STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION:Data regarding the use of local antiviral therapy for CMV retinitis are cited. Emphasis was placed on randomized, controlled trials, but descriptive studies are also included.DATA SYNTHESIS:Intraocular drug administration is an alternative therapy for CMV retinitis that avoids some of the disadvantages associated with systemic treatment. Intravitreal ganciclovir 200–2000 μg once weekly has been studied in a number of nonrandomized studies. Although initially effective, intravitreal ganciclovir is associated with a significant relapse rate and development of contralateral CMV retinitis. Intraocular ganciclovir imp...
Contrastive Acculturation of California Japanese: Comparative Approach to the Study of Immigrants

Although there are innumerable studies of immigrants, not many of them are explicitly based on experimental designs that attempt to manipulate variables and to uncover causal factors. The comparative method, most successfully used by anthropologists, affords such a design, which can be applied to the study of immigrants.
Small Leading Firms

We formally analyze the question of whether a price leader must control a large share of the market. Our main result is that if other producers have rising marginal costs and behave as price takers, even the smallest firm in a competitive industry with a rising supply curve can enhance its profits by cutting output and raising price, becoming a price leader. Therefore, we would expect pure competition to be destroyed under these technological conditions.
Is there a best model structure? I. Modeling the fate of a toxic substance in a lake

Abstract Three system methods are used to compare the internal connectivity and structural properties of two sets of fate models of a toxic substance in a lake. One set of models has six state variables and the second has ten. The methods used are a complexity measures c , an analysis of recycling perturbation following the addition or deletion of links among state variables, and a computation of direct and indirect flows among state variables. The purpose is to develop a model which reflects the cycling properties of an ecosystem without having too many unnecessary parameters. In ecological models many flows can not be measured and the parameterizations are uncertain. This fact is particularly true for fate models, where information on movement of toxic substances among compartments is often minimal. One set of models represents a general class of models, such as EXAMS ∗, where no food chain transfer is included in the model structure and the second set represents a class of models with a food chain. Results show that for a six-compartment model, the best structure M4 includes several flows within the water column and the sediment compartments, including sedimentation and feeding of fishes from benthos. For the ten-compartment models, depending on the information available from the real system, structures T2 and T3 are the best. These two structures include food chain transfersbut no excretion or sediment uptake by fish and benthos. These models have the best network structure to represent the lake of interest. The models are insensitive to structural perturbation, and their structure minimizes any possible inappropriate parameterization because of alternative indirect connections among state variables.
Luminescence of liquids and solids by two-photon excitation

Abstract Absolute two-photon absorption cross sections of various neat liquids and alkali halide crystals were measured. Fluorence excitation spectra are also used to study the excitation and decay mechanisms of liquids and crystals.
LINE1 methylation levels associated with increased bladder cancer risk in pre-diagnostic blood DNA among US (PLCO) and European (ATBC) cohort study participants

Global methylation in blood DNA has been associated with bladder cancer risk in case-control studies, but has not been examined prospectively. We examined the association between LINE1 total percent 5-methylcytosine and bladder cancer risk using pre-diagnostic blood DNA from the United States-based, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) (299 cases/676 controls), and the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) cohort of Finnish male smokers (391 cases/778 controls). Logistic regression adjusted for age at blood draw, study center, pack-years of smoking, and sex was used to estimate odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using study- and sex-specific methylation quartiles. In PLCO, higher, although non-significant, bladder cancer risks were observed for participants in the highest three quartiles (Q2–Q4) compared with the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.96 -1.92). The association was stronger in males (Q2–Q4 vs. Q1 OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.00–...
Abstract 5185: RNAi screen identifies a synthetic lethal interaction between Pim1 overexpression and Plk1 inhibition.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC PIM1 kinase is overexpressed in many tumor types including lymphomas and prostate cancer, where it is known to cooperate with the MYC oncogene in promoting tumorigenicity. PIM1 enhances MYC stability and transcriptional activity. Knowledge of the vulnerabilities of Pim1-expressing tumor cells will be of great value in efforts to develop novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Here we have used RNAi screening to identify genes whose depletion is detrimental to Pim1-overexpressing cells. We screened a collection of 570 siRNAs targeting cell cycle, apoptosis, serine-threonine kinase and tyrosine kinase genes for their effects on the viability of Pim1-expressing RWPE1 prostate epithelial cells. We identified the mitotic regulator polo-like kinase (PLK1) as a gene whose depletion is particularly detrimental to the viability of Pim1-expressing prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of PLK1 by shRNA or by the chemical inhibitor BI2536 in prostate cancer xenograft model resulted in a dramatic inhibition of tumor progression in Pim1-overexpressing cells. Interestingly Pim1-overexpressing cells are more prone to mitotic arrest followed by apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of Plk1 activity led to the reduction of MYC protein levels both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that PLK1 inhibition may be particularly effective against PIM1-expressing tumors due, at least in part, to the fact that PLK1 inhibition reduces MYC protein levels. Citation Format: Sarki Abdulkadir, Riet Vander Meer, Meejeon Roh. RNAi screen identifies a synthetic lethal interaction between Pim1 overexpression and Plk1 inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5185. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5185 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Pharmacogenetics of the response to statins

Statins (inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase) are widely prescribed medications for the prevention of incident and recurrent cardiovascular disease events and death. They are powerful assets in the current arsenal of cardiovascular medications, with high efficacy and minimal toxicity. However, heterogeneity exists with respect to the response to statin medications, and there has been considerable investigation into the genetic determinants of the statin response. In this review, we separate the response to statins into 1) measures of efficacy (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering and protection from cardiovascular events) and 2) effects of toxicity (musculoskeletal adverse effects and nonadherence to statin therapy). The current data suggest that prospective genotyping for certain variants may be of use in tailoring statin therapy to reduce cardiovascular events and to avoid statin-induced adverse effects.
Flow through a laboratory sediment sample by computer simulation modeling

Abstract : A laboratory sediment sample is digitized by X-ray computed tomography system to obtain a host matrix of size 1003 of porosity 0.282. Flow through the porous medium is studied by an interacting lattice gas model for fluid driven by pressure bias. The bias H(0 less than or equal to H less than or equal to 1) is implemented via soft and hard pressure constraints in selecting the stochastic movement of fluid particles. The response of fluid flux density to bias H is nearly linear with soft pressure; it becomes nonmonotonic with the hard pressure.
Technical note: How the Beast really moves: Cayley analysis of mechanism realization spaces using CayMos

For a common class of 2D mechanisms called 1-dof tree decomposable linkages, the following fundamental problems have remained open: (a) How to canonically represent (and visualize) the connected components in the Euclidean realization space. (b) How to efficiently find two realizations representing the shortest ''distance'' between two connected components. (c) How to classify and efficiently find all the connected components, and the path(s) of continuous motion between two realizations in the same connected component, with or without restricting the realization type (sometimes called orientation type). For a subclass of 1-dof tree-decomposable linkages that includes many commonly studied 1-dof linkages, we solve these problems by representing a connected component of the Euclidean realization space as a curve in a carefully chosen Cayley (non-edge distance) parameter space; and proving that the representation is bijective. We also show that the above set of Cayley parameters is canonical for all generic linkages with the same underlying graph, and can be found efficiently. We add an implementation of these theoretical and algorithmic results into the new software CayMos, and give (to the best of our knowledge) the first complete analysis, visualization and new observations about the realization spaces of many commonly studied 1-dof linkages such as the amusing and well-known Strandbeest, Cardioid, Limacon and other linkages.
On the object-oriented design of reference-counted shadow objects

The object-oriented programming (OOP) constructs of Fortran 2003 facilitate an elegant memory management solution of particular value when Fortran drives a second language that does not provide automatic garbage collection. More specifically, when Fortran derived types shadow a companion language's objects, safe and economical execution requires destroying the companion objects when and only when all corresponding shadows have expired. This paper focuses on the object-oriented design (OOD) of reference-counted shadow objects. The presented class structure automatically controls the lifetimes of any shadow objects that extend a universal parent class. The paper also discusses a relevant use case in ForTrilinos, a set of object-oriented Fortran interfaces to C++ packages in the Trilinos parallel numerical solver library1.
Structure of a Ring-Containing Fluoropolymer

The structure of a ring-containing fluoropolymer poly(1,2-difluoromethylene-1,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-4,4-dihydrofuran) has been investigated by X-ray methods. Pressed films are more than 60% crystalline...
Inclusion: Multiple perspectives

The history of special education and the treatment of persons with disabilities has been involved at least as much with social movements as with education (Repp, 1983). Recently, we have seen movements based on themes such as normalization, mainstreaming, inclusion, the Regular Education Initiative, the Least Restrictive Environment, and so forth. Currently, the education community is concerned with inclusion, a movement with multiple definitions (Coutinho, Repp, & Denny, in press). There are broiling undercurrents within this movement. For example, (a) the National Education Association opposes inclusion, (b) some special educators question its rationality (e.g., Fuchs & Fuchs, 1994; Kauffman, 1992, 1993), while (c) other special educators contend either that special education has failed and these students should therefore be returned to the regular education classrooms, or that education in an integrated environment is a social right protected by the Constitution. The purpose of this section of the Journal of Behavioral Education is to present the topic of inclusion from multiple perspectives. The paper by Little and Witek (1996) is from a behavioral perspective, and it points out that the findings on the efficacy of inclusion are equivocal. They suggest that we look at inclusion from the perspectives of social validity and of functional outcome analysis. The latter focuses on teacher behaviors as the critical element for success. The paper by Moetler and Ishii-Jordan (1996) presents a different perspective through their model for teacher development and inclusion. They place an emphasis on what the student brings to the environment rather than on teacher behaviors that affect student behaviors. The differences, however, are more than semantic. Their approach
Comparative study of major international wind codes and standards for wind effects on tall buildings

Abstract Globalization of construction industry, burgeoning growth of tall buildings, and the recent focus on the development of unified international codes/standards has increased the need to better understand the underlying commonalities and differences among the major international wind loading codes/standards, which are also constantly being revised and updated. To address this need, a comprehensive comparison of wind loads and their effects on tall buildings is conducted utilizing eight major international codes/standards: ASCE 2010 (USA), AS/NZ 2011 (Australia and New Zealand), AIJ 2004 (Japan), CNS 2012 (China), NBCC 2010 (Canada), Eurocode 2010 (Europe), ISO 2009 and IWC 2012 (India). The key areas of comparison include the provisions for survivability design as well as the serviceability requirements in the alongwind and acrosswind directions. As most codes/standards utilize a common theoretical framework for modeling dynamic load effects, basic equations here are recast in a general format in order to compare the influence of individual parameters on the overall recommendations of codes/standards.
Socio-Economic Determinants of Participation in On-line Auctions

Electronic commerce is becoming increasingly more important to both sellers and buyers, including large corporations. Though still considered to be in its infancy, Internet usage and on-line marketing are growing explosively. During 2003, approximately 40 million households in the U.S. alone made at least one consumer purchase from the Internet, up from only six million in 1994. On-line retailing has become, and will continue to become, a full and complete business model for some companies. Internet firms such as Amazon.com, eBay, Yahoo!, and Netscape, have proven this type of business model can be very successful. The most powerful of the many players in e-commerce is eBay. This company had approximately $3.2 billion in revenue in 2004, reaching this mark quicker than any other company in history, including Microsoft, Dell, and Wal-Mart. Some 48 million active users bought and sold $32 billion worth of merchandise on eBay in 2004. This is more than the gross domestic product of over half of the world_s countries. If eBay was a brickand-mortar retailer, rather than the world_s largest on-line marketplace, it would be larger than Best Buy and almost the same size as Lowe_s. If eBay actually employed the 430,000 people who earn all or most of their income selling on the site, it would be the second largest employer on the FORTUNE 500, with only Wal-Mart employing more people. This research uses data from 753 transactions of two current eBay sellers. One of the sellers is a full-fledged on-line retailer (Platinum Power Seller) and uses eBay as the primary source of income, while the other seller uses consumer sales on eBay to supplement income. Both sellers conduct auctions that are open to buyers from all parts of the United States and both sell primarily clothing and clothing-related items, such as shoes, hats, and purses. Each transaction is considered to be an independent case so the details of the transaction can be examined. Specific data were generated for each case, such as the gender of the buyer, whether the buyer lives in a rural or urban area, in which of the six U.S. regions the buyer resides, and the value of the transaction. These data provide the information necessary to achieve the objectives of this researchVto examine certain geographic and demographic determinants of eBay consumers to determine if these factors have an impact on their eBay purchasing behavior. Several significant findings were discovered in this study. First, consumers from six different regions of the U.S. tend to behave differently when it comes to eBay purchasing. These regions include New England, the Mid-Atlantic, the South, the Midwest, the Southwest, and the West. Statistical analysis indicates that New Englanders purchase items on eBay less frequently than people from other regions and they do not spend a different amount on each purchase than do people from other Atlantic Economic Journal (2005)33:487–488 * IAES 2005 DOI: 10.1007/s11293-005-2874-y
Efficacy of Hydrogen Peroxide to Control Parasitic Infestations on Hatchery-Reared Fish

Abstract The efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to control external parasitic infestations on juvenile (10–33-g) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was evaluated in three clinical field trials. Fish were exposed to hydrogen peroxide concentrations ranging from 0 to 560 mg/L for 30 min once every other day for a total of three treatments. Pre- and posttreatment skin scrapes and gill wet mounts of test fish were microscopically examined to identify and enumerate external parasites. Infestation severity was classified as nonexistent (0 organisms), low (1–10 organisms), moderate (11–20 organisms), or high (⩾21 organisms). In trial 1, pretreatment skin examinations revealed a severe infestation of the protozoan Ambiphrya on all fish examined. Posttreatment skin examinations conducted within 24 h of the last treatment indicated that all hydrogen peroxide treatments eliminated Ambiphrya, whereas control fish remained severely infested with the protozoan. In trial 2, pretreatment examinations of skin and gill samples i...
Regression of bronchial epithelial cancer in hamsters

Abstract For bronchogenic carcinoma, if and when the sequential process of carcinogenesis is reversible is fundamental to chemoprevention research. In our hamster model, focally originating non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) develops via a reproducible sequential process of carcinogenesis by 180 days after endobronchial sustained-release implants (SRIs) of 10% benzo( a )pyrene. In this study, 114 hamsters received removable 10% benzo( a )pyrene SRIs. Short-term controls were sacrificed in 3 groups at 50, 65, and 80 days after SRI placement. Three experimental groups had SRIs removed at 50, 65, and 80 days after placement, and sacrifice was delayed until 100 to 180 days later. Long-term controls retained SRIs until sacrifice at 180 or 240 days after SRI placement. All long-term controls had NSCLC. Preneoplastic change was more common in 50- and 65-day controls, as compared with hamsters with equal duration of SRI exposure whose sacrifice was delayed until 100 to 180 days after SRI removal ( p a )pyrene dose used, hamster bronchial epithelium requires more than 80 days of continuous exposure to become irreversibly committed to NSCLC uniformly. Microinvasive NSCLC in hamsters often regresses, and it is not necessarily a precursor of overt invasive cancer. The removable SRI model provides new opportunities to evaluate chemoprevention of NSCLC and the related molecular-genetic control mechanisms.
A new redox cofactor in eukaryotic enzymes: 6-hydroxydopa at the active site of bovine serum amine oxidase

An active site, cofactor-containing peptide has been obtained in high yield from bovine serum amine oxidase. Sequencing of this pentapeptide indicates: Leu-Asn-X-Asp-Tyr. Analysis of the peptide by mass spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance leads to the identification of X as 6-hydroxydopa. This result indicates that, contrary to previous proposals, pyrroloquinoline quinone is not the active site cofactor in mammalian copper amine oxidases. Although 6-hydroxydopa has been implicated in neurotoxicity, the data presented suggest that this compound has a functional role at an enzyme active site.
An Optimal Contact Model for Maximizing Online Panel Response Rates

We develop and test an optimization model for maximizing response rates for online marketing research survey panels. The model consists of (1) a decision tree predictive model that classifies panelists into “states” and forecasts the response rate for panelists in each state and (2) a linear program that specifies how many panelists should be solicited from each state to maximize response rate. The model is forward looking in that it optimizes over a finite horizon during which S studies are to be fielded. It takes into account the desired number of responses for each study, the likely migration pattern of panelists between states as they are invited and respond or do not respond, as well as demographic requirements. The model is implemented using a rolling horizon whereby the optimal solution for S successive studies is derived and implemented for the first study. Then, as results are observed, an optimal solution is derived for the next S studies, and the solution is implemented for the first of these studies, etc. The procedure is field tested and shown to increase response rates significantly compared to the heuristic currently being used by panel management. Further analysis suggests that the improvement was due to the predictive model and that a “greedy algorithm” would have done equally well in the field test. However, further Monte Carlo simulations suggest circumstances under which the model would outperform the greedy algorithm.
A fast algorithm for expansion over spherical harmonics

Algorithms for expansion over spherical harmonics are often used in electrostatic field calculation, calculation of the density functions in quantum chemistry and calculation of molecular surfaces. It usually includes expansion over spherical harmonics of degrees to several dozens. The usual method is to use an integration method over some grid on the unit sphere and in fact is a multiplication of the matrix of values of spherical harmonics in the grid points by a vector of values of the expanding function in the set of points. This algorithm executes O(NL2) operations whereN is the number of the grid points andL is the maximal degree of the spherical harmonics involved. We provide an algorithm of complexity O(NLlog2L) for multiplication of the matrix of values of spherical harmonics in points of an arbitrary grid on the unit sphere. The algorithm is based on interrelation between spherical harmonics and Legendre polynomials and on a fast algorithm for expansion over Legendre polynomials.
Parental conflict and other correlates of the adjustment of school-age children whose parents have separated.

In this study, several factors related to psychological adjustment of schoolage children were examined in a sample of 40 lower-class families in which the parents were separated. It was hypothesized that parental conflict and other indices of family adversity, including maternal depression, income, and the length of time past since parental separation, would be important predictors of children's behavioral adjustment. Parental acrimony was found to be a significant correlate of children's behavioral problems, even when other family variables were taken into account. In addition, independent and additive effects on children's functioning were found for parental discord and maternal depression, with some support found for an additional variable, family income. In contrast to some prior investigations, the length of time since parental separation was unrelated to children's functioning. Results are discussed in terms of Rutter's cumulative stress hypothesis and previous research on parental discord.
Changing Approaches to Historic Preservation in Quedlinburg, Germany

This article examines the changing approaches to historic preservation of half-timbered houses in Quedlinburg, Germany. Under the East German (GDR) regime, the scarcity of funds and materials limited preservation measures. After the German reunification, the conditions improved significantly, and Quedlinburg became the largest historic preservation project in the country. The difficulties in enforcing the high preservation standards and the conflicts arising over certain aspects of the project clearly demonstrate the need for integrating historic preservation projects with general urban planning to meet the needs of both preservationists and inhabitants of the city.
The galactose-specific recognition system of mammalian liver: The route of ligand internalization in rat hepatocytes

Abstract We have used two electron microscopic tracers, asialoorosomucoid covalently coupled to horseradish peroxidase (ASOR-HRP) and lactosaminated ferritin (Lac-Fer), to investigate the internalization of proteins bound by the asialoprotein receptor of rat hepatocytes. Both ligands are cleared rapidly from the circulation of rats, are retarded in their clearance by an excess of ASOR and accumulate principally in the liver. Morphological examination of the livers of rats after injection of the probes confirmed that the hepatocyte is the principal liver cell involved in the clearance of galactose-terminating proteins. Internalization occurred via coated pits and coated vesicles of 1000 A diameter. At 30 sec to 2 min the tracers began to accumulate in a complex arrangement of larger smooth-surfaced vesicles and tubular structures at the sinusoidal periphery of the cell. Fluid phase pinocytosis did not appear to account for any of the uptake into larger vesicles. The particulate tracer, Lac-Fer, was closely apposed to the membrane of coated pits and vesicles, but was found scattered throughout the lumen of the larger vesicles, possibly indicating dissociation of the ligand from its receptor. Although occasional lysosomes were detected cytochemically in the cell periphery, vesicles containing Lac-Fer showed no demonstrable aryl sulfatase activity. At 5 min, the tracers began to appear in Golgilysosome regions of the hepatocyte and were present in small vesicles of
Managing glaucoma during pregnancy.

Stacey C. Brauner, MD; Teresa C. Chen, MD; B. Thomas Hutchinson, MD; Michael A. Chang, MD; Louis R. Pasquale, MD; Cynthia L. Grosskreutz, MD, PhDObjective: To better understand the course of glaucoma during pregnancy in women with preexisting disease.Methods: Retrospective case series of 28 eyes of 15 women with glaucoma followed up during pregnancy. Data were analyzed for age, race/ethnicity, medications, glaucoma type, intraocular pressure (IOP), and visual fields before, during, and after pregnancy.Results: In 16 (57.1%) of 28 eyes, IOP was stable during pregnancy, with no progression of visual field loss. In 5 eyes (17.9%), visual field loss progressed during pregnancy, while IOP remained stable or increased. In 5 eyes (17.9%), IOP increased during pregnancy, but there was no progression of visual field loss. In 2 eyes (7.1%), data were inconclusive because of medication noncompliance and preexisting severe visual field loss. Glaucoma medications were used by 13 of 15 patients to control glaucoma during pregnancy. The classes of medications used most frequently were β-blockers, α2-adrenergic agents, cholinergic agents, and topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.Conclusions: The course of glaucoma during pregnancy is variable, and women must be monitored closely during pregnancy. Medications may be necessary to control IOP and to prevent vision loss during pregnancy.
Reversible Hydrogels from Self-Assembling Artificial Proteins

Recombinant DNA methods were used to create artificial proteins that undergo reversible gelation in response to changes in pH or temperature. The proteins consist of terminal leucine zipper domains flanking a central, flexible, water-soluble polyelectrolyte segment. Formation of coiled-coil aggregates of the terminal domains in near-neutral aqueous solutions triggers formation of a three-dimensional polymer network, with the polyelectrolyte segment retaining solvent and preventing precipitation of the chain. Dissociation of the coiled-coil aggregates through elevation of pH or temperature causes dissolution of the gel and a return to the viscous behavior that is characteristic of polymer solutions. The mild conditions under which gel formation can be controlled (near-neutral pH and near-ambient temperature) suggest that these materials have potential in bioengineering applications requiring encapsulation or controlled release of molecular and cellular species.
PMR characterization of alfalfa and soybean ferredoxins: the existence of two ferredoxins in soybean.

Abstract Observation of contact-shifted resonances in the proton magnetic resonance spectra of the oxidized and reduced forms of alfalfa and soybean ferredoxins confirms previous conclusions that the two iron atoms of each of these plant ferredoxins are antiferromagnetically exchange coupled. The contact-shift spectrum of the reduced soybean preparation is best interpreted in terms of the presence of two distinct ferredoxins in approximately equal concentration. It is concluded that contact-shift spectra may be useful for studying the genetic controls of plant ferredoxins and for elucidating phylogenetic relationships of plants. The physical and chemical properties of the iron-sulfur proteins associated with plants have been extensively characterized. (1) Their molecular weights are about 10,500, and a prominent structural feature, apparently common to all, is the presence at the redox center of two nonheme iron and two “inorganic” sulfur atoms. As part of a general study of the electronic and geometrical structures of the iron-sulfur proteins by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectroscopy, we have observed contact-shifted resonances in both redox forms of the ferredoxins from spinach and parsley. (2) These resonances originate from interactions with paramagnetic centers present, apparently, in the oxidized as well as reduced forms of these proteins. The patterns of contact-shifted resonances observed in the spinach and parsley ferredoxins are closely related, but differ in detail. On the other hand, contact-shift spectra observed in the two-iron ferredoxins appeared qualitatively different from those encountered with the one-iron rubredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum , (3) the four-iron high potential iron protein from Chromatium , (4) and the eight-iron ferredoxin from C. pasteurianum . (5) In this note the patterns of contact shifts in the PMR spectra of the two redox forms of alfalfa ferredoxin are shown to be very similar to those of the spinach and parsley ferredoxins. In contrast, while the contact-shift spectrum of ferredoxin from soybean (cultivar Kent) is obviously related tothose of the other plant ferredoxins, it is concluded that two distinctly different ferredoxins are present in the soybean preparation in approximately equal concentrations.
OPTICAL-MODEL ANALYSIS OF 30-Mev PROTON SCATTERING

Elastic cross sections together with polarization data and reaction cross sections for the interaction of 30-MeV protons with ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{40}$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{56}$, ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{58}$, ${\mathrm{Co}}^{59}$, ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{60}$, Cu, ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{120}$, and ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{208}$ have been analyzed using the optical model. It was found possible to obtain good fits to all the experimental data with a single set of geometrical parameters involving one diffuseness value but different radius parameters for the real central, the imaginary central, and the spin-orbit potentials. The new features revealed by this analysis include (1) a spin-orbit radius parameter less than the corresponding central values and (2) an imaginary diffuseness larger (0.7 F) than that required at lower energies (\ensuremath{\approx}0.5 F).
Birth, life and death of nascent polypeptide chains

The journey of nascent polypeptides from synthesis at the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome (“birth”) to full function (“maturity”) involves multiple interactions, constraints, modifications and folding events. Each step of this journey impacts the ultimate expression level and functional capacity of the translated protein. It has become clear that the kinetics of protein translation is predominantly modulated by synonymous codon usage along the mRNA, and that this provides an active mechanism for coordinating the synthesis, maturation and folding of nascent polypeptides. Multiple quality control systems ensure that proteins achieve their native, functional form. Unproductive co-translational folding intermediates that arise during protein synthesis may undergo enhanced interaction with components of these systems, such as chaperones, and/or be subjects of co-translational degradation (“death”). This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the complex co-translational events that accompany the synthesis, maturation, folding and degradation of nascent polypeptide chains.
Crowdfunding Technology Innovation

Sites like Kickstarter fill an important funding role, supporting small, low-risk projects that would otherwise struggle to get the attention of venture capitalists or angel investors.
A Review Too Kind to Sarich and Miele: Race: The Reality of Human Differences

Race: The Reality of Human Variation (AA [107.1]:164-165). But the book is far worse than the review recognizes. It is a shameful pandering to racist goals, involving a very bad abuse of science. We are treated to an excessively long (and largely irrelevant) history of Sarich's research, which provides a veneer of science and disguises the pseudoscience that follows. The book's identification of the traditional
Transcriptomic and Phenotypic Analyses Suggest a Network between the Transcriptional Regulators HrcA and σB in Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes HrcA and CtsR negatively regulate class I and III stress response genes, respectively, while σB positively regulates the transcription of class II stress response genes. To define the HrcA regulon and identify interactions between HrcA, CtsR, and σB, we characterized newly generated L. monocytogenes ΔhrcA, ΔctsR ΔhrcA, and ΔhrcA ΔsigB strains, along with previously described ΔsigB, ΔctsR, and ΔctsR ΔsigB strains, using phenotypic assays (i.e., heat resistance, acid resistance, and invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells) and performed whole-genome transcriptome analysis of the ΔhrcA strain. The hrcA and sigB deletions had significant effects on heat resistance. While the hrcA deletion had no significant effect on acid resistance or invasion efficiency in Caco-2 cells, a linear regression model revealed a significant (P = 0.0493) effect of interactions between the hrcA deletion and the ctsR deletion on invasiveness. Microarray-based transcriptome analyses and promoter searches identified (i) 25 HrcA-repressed genes, including two operons (the groESL and dnaK operons, both confirmed as HrcA regulated by quantitative real-time PCR) and one gene directly repressed by HrcA, and (ii) 36 genes that showed lower transcript levels in the ΔhrcA strain and thus appear to be indirectly upregulated by HrcA. A number of genes were found to be coregulated by either HrcA and CtsR (2 genes), HrcA and σB (31 genes), or all three regulators (5 genes, e.g., gadCB). Combined with previous evidence that σB appears to directly regulate hrcA transcription, our data suggest that HrcA and σB, as well as CtsR, form a regulatory network that contributes to the transcription of a number of L. monocytogenes genes.
Change and Stability in American Value Systems, 1968-1971

Employing the Rokeach Value Survey, the National Opinion Research Center measured the values of an area probability sample of adult Americans in 1968 and 1971. Most values remained stable but certain values underwent significant change over this three-year period. To determine whether the changes were manifested in all segments of American society or only in certain ones, the value rankings were further analyzed for Americans varying in sex, race, income, education, and age. The author is Professor of Sociology and Psychology in the Departments of Sociology and Psychology at Washington State University.
PASSION Runtime Library for parallel I/O

We are developing a compiler and runtime support system called PASSION: Parallel and Scalable Software for Input-Output. PASSION provides software support for I/O intensive out-of-core loosely synchronous problems. This paper gives an overview of the PASSION Runtime Library and describes two of the optimizations incorporated in it, namely data prefetching and data sieving. Performance improvements provided by these optimizations on the Intel Touchstone Delta are discussed together with an out-of-core median filtering application. >
Market orientation, creativity, and new product performance in high-technology firms

Abstract The ability to generate and market creative ideas in new products (NPs) and related marketing programs (MPs) in response to changing market needs is key to the success of a firm. This research examines the mediating role of NP and MP creativity between market orientation and NP success. The authors investigate (1) whether market orientation facilitates or inhibits creativity, (2) whether creativity influences NP performance, and (3) how to define and measure creativity in the NP development and launch contexts. They use a two-stage sampling frame to collect 312 sets of responses from managers and NP team leaders and thereby address the potential for common method bias in measures of creativity and NP performance. The findings indicate that NP and MP creativity mediates the relationship between market orientation and NP success. The authors also show that the meaningfulness dimension, rather than the novelty dimension, of creativity is of greater importance in explaining the link between market or...
Magnetic microposts as an approach to apply forces to living cells

Cells respond to mechanical forces whether applied externally or generated internally via the cytoskeleton. To study the cellular response to forces separately, we applied external forces to cells via microfabricated magnetic posts containing cobalt nanowires interspersed among an array of elastomeric posts, which acted as independent sensors to cellular traction forces. A magnetic field induced torque in the nanowires, which deflected the magnetic posts and imparted force to individual adhesions of cells attached to the array. Using this system, we examined the cellular reaction to applied forces and found that applying a step force led to an increase in local focal adhesion size at the site of application but not at nearby nonmagnetic posts. Focal adhesion recruitment was enhanced further when cells were subjected to multiple force actuations within the same time interval. Recording the traction forces in response to such force stimulation revealed two responses: a sudden loss in contractility that occurred within the first minute of stimulation or a gradual decay in contractility over several minutes. For both types of responses, the subcellular distribution of loss in traction forces was not confined to locations near the actuated micropost, nor uniformly across the whole cell, but instead occurred at discrete locations along the cell periphery. Together, these data reveal an important dynamic biological relationship between external and internal forces and demonstrate the utility of this microfabricated system to explore this interaction.
A Preliminary Scale to Measure the Degree of Worry Among Mildly Demented Alzheimer Disease Patients

The Worry Scale is a brief, unidimensional scale with good reliability and concurrent validity that assesses the emotional state related to anxiety and mood in mildly demented individuals as well as nondemented adults. .Data were obtained from 182 individuals enrolled in the Washington University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Patient Registry. The scale can help counselors identify individuals who are in distress and devise interventions for them. It can also be used to provide information to caregivers about the emotional state of the patient.
Internal Flow of Rarefied Air and Heat Transfer in a Near Space Payload

In order to realize the full potential of unmanned vehicle technology in near space, a full understanding of the heat transfer phenomena in the rarefied environment of near space is necessary. In the current work, a two-dimensional model is employed with a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package to investigate the heat transfer phenomena within a near space payload. Convection and radiation heat transfer within a square cavity are evaluated for various boundary conditions including velocity slip and temperature jump conditions.
The New Software Exporting Nations: Impacts on National Well Being Resulting from their Software Exporting Industries

?New software exporting nations? are those dozens of nations that have begun exporting software products and services in recent years. Much has been written about the remarkable success of India and there is excitement regarding the promise for other developing, emerging, and transition economies. We examine the impact on the broader national economies of a software export sector. Economic and social impacts include: impact on labor, impact on new organizational forms, stimulation of infrastructure and other industries, economic impacts, and political impacts. Governments intervene to stimulate the software exporting industry because they recognize that there is a potential for spillovers; and that domestic markets do not create sufficient stimulus.
Low Temperature CVD of Ru from C6H8Ru(CO) 3

Thin ruthenium films were deposited using chemical vapor deposition from the single-source precursor tricarbonyl(1,3-cyclohexadiene)Ru(0) onto silicon, silicon dioxide and c-plane sapphire substrates in the absence of a carrier gas by thermolysis. Growth rate, resistivity, purity, crystallinity and microstructure were determined. Tricarbonyl(1,3-cyclohexadiene)Ru(0) gave metallic ruthenium films with near bulk resistivities (11-21μΩ-cm), high growth rates (up to 20 nm/min), and nearly featureless microstructures. Nucleation was rapid on all substrates tested. These results suggest that tricarbonyl(1,3-cyclohexadiene)Ru(0) is an excellent, practical precursor to use for practical applications that require depositing thin ruthenium films.
Venereal warts in children.

1. Kelly A. Sinclair, MD* 2. Charles R. Woods, MD, MS† 3. Sara H. Sinal, MD§ 1. *Emergency Medical Services, The Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO. 2. †Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY. 3. §Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the natural history and epidemiology of anogenital human papillomavirus infection. 2. Discuss diagnosis and treatment options for children who have anogenital warts. 3. Recognize when anogenital warts are suggestive of child sexual abuse and what steps are needed to manage this clinical problem. More than 24 million cases of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection occur in adults in the United States, with an estimated 1 million new cases developing each year. The number of outpatient visits for adults who have venereal warts (condyloma acuminata) increased fivefold from 1966 to 1981. (1) HPV infections in children may present as common skin warts, anogenital warts (AGW), oral and laryngeal papillomas, and subclinical infections. The increased incidence of AGW in children has paralleled that of adults. AGW in children present a unique diagnostic challenge: Is the HPV infection a result of child sexual abuse (CSA), which requires reporting to Child Protective Services (CPS), or acquired through an otherwise innocuous mechanism? Practitioners must balance “missing” a case of CSA if they do not report to CPS against reporting to CPS and having parents or other caregivers potentially suffer false accusation and its potential ramifications, which may include losing custody of children. In the past, simply identifying AGW in a young child was considered indicative of CSA by some experts. However, there is no defined national standard beyond the limited guidance provided in the 2005 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Policy Statement, which states that AGW are suspicious for CSA if not perinatally acquired and the …
Correlation of the corrosion rates of steels in a straw fired boiler with the thermodynamically predicted trend of KOH(g) in the flue gases

The thermodynamic stability of KOH(g) in flue gases without sulfur and chlorine compounds was studied. Relatively good correlation of the thermodynamically predicted trend of KOH(g) in the flue gases and the literature data of the corrosion rates of different steels in a straw fired boiler was found. A discussion on a possible, physically reasonable mechanism is also presented. However, the causality of the found correlation requires further studies.