cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Situ Hybridization for the Precise Localization of Transcripts in Plants

With the advances in genomics research of the past decade, plant biology has seen numerous studies presenting large-scale quantitative analyses of gene expression. Microarray and next generation sequencing approaches are being used to investigate developmental, physiological and stress response processes, dissect epigenetic and small RNA pathways, and build large gene regulatory networks(1-3). While these techniques facilitate the simultaneous analysis of large gene sets, they typically provide a very limited spatiotemporal resolution of gene expression changes. This limitation can be partially overcome by using either profiling method in conjunction with lasermicrodissection or fluorescence-activated cell sorting(4-7). However, to fully understand the biological role of a gene, knowledge of its spatiotemporal pattern of expression at a cellular resolution is essential. Particularly, when studying development or the effects of environmental stimuli and mutants can the detailed analysis of a gene's expression pattern become essential. For instance, subtle quantitative differences in the expression levels of key regulatory genes can lead to dramatic phenotypes when associated with the loss or gain of expression in specific cell types. Several methods are routinely used for the detailed examination of gene expression patterns. One is through analysis of transgenic reporter lines. Such analysis can, however, become time-consuming when analyzing multiple genes or working in plants recalcitrant to transformation. Moreover, an independent validation to ensure that the transgene expression pattern mimics that of the endogenous gene is typically required. Immunohistochemical protein localization or mRNA in situ hybridization present relatively fast alternatives for the direct visualization of gene expression within cells and tissues. The latter has the distinct advantage that it can be readily used on any gene of interest. In situ hybridization allows detection of target mRNAs in cells by hybridization with a labeled anti-sense RNA probe obtained by in vitro transcription of the gene of interest. Here we outline a protocol for the in situ localization of gene expression in plants that is highly sensitivity and specific. It is optimized for use with paraformaldehyde fixed, paraffin-embedded sections, which give excellent preservation of histology, and DIG-labeled probes that are visualized by immuno-detection and alkaline-phosphatase colorimetric reaction. This protocol has been successfully applied to a number of tissues from a wide range of plant species, and can be used to analyze expression of mRNAs as well as small RNAs(8-14).
Cerebral lateralization and reading dysfunction

Abstract The laterality preference patterns and types of oral reading errors were examined for 90 seventh-grade males. Specifically, scores on a self-report measure of lateral preference for 30 readers with adequate decoding skills but low comprehension and 30 readers who lacked decoding skills were compared with each other and with 30 good readers. As predicted, poor readers with grade appropriate word recognition scores were found to be generally more confused in their lateral preference than were good readers or poor readers who lacked decoding skills. Results of oral reading errors confirmed a visual integration problem for the more bilateral reader. Poor comprehenders with word recognition skills also reported significantly greater mixed lateral patterns for their fathers than did other readers. The results were interpreted as supporting the initial argument that difference-poor readers fail to comprehend because of problems in organizing visual input, which seems intimately tied to a bilateralization of functions.
A chromogenic substrate for phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C: 4-nitrophenyl myo-inositol-1-phosphate.

Abstract A chromogenic water-soluble substrate for phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C was synthesized starting from myo -inositol employing isopropylidene and 4-methoxytetrahydropyranyl protecting groups. In this analogue of phosphatidylinositol, 4-nitrophenol replaces the diacylglycerol moiety, resulting in synthetic, racemic 4-nitrophenyl myo -inositol-1-phosphate. Using this synthetic substrate a rapid, convenient and sensitive spectrophotometric assay for the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus was developed. Initial rates of the cleavage of the nitrophenol substrate were linear with time and the amount of enzyme used. At pH 7.0, specific activities for the B. cereus enzyme were 77 and 150 μmol substrate cleaved min −1 (mg protein) −1 at substrate concentrations of 1 and 2 mM, respectively. Under these conditions, less than 50 ng quantities of enzyme were easily detected. The chromogenic substrate was stable during long term storage (6 months) as a solid at −20°C.
A neuroendocrine mechanism for sustaining fear

Fear is an adaptive response to recognition of a potentially dangerous event. Glucocorticoids are essential for maintaining a wide variety of behavioral events by their regulation of numerous genes; one such gene encodes corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH). CRH is involved in diverse behavioral responses to changing environmental demands. In this review, we focus on one aspect of glucocorticoid regulation of CRH – namely, fear-related responses to diverse classes of adverse events, such as those represented by contextual and cue-specific stimuli. Three extra-hypothalamic forebrain sites appear crucial for fear-related behavioral responses: the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis for sustaining adaptive fear-related behaviors, and the medial prefrontal cortex for modulating fear-related behaviors. Central regulation of CRH by glucocorticoids is important for adaptive and sustained fear-related behaviors, and its aberration is associated with anxiety and depressive disorders.
Experienced entrepreneurial founders, organizational capital, and venture capital funding

This paper empirically investigates the sourcing and valuation of venture capital (VC) funding among entrepreneurs with varied levels of prior start-up founding experience, academic training, and social capital. Social ties with VCs have been identified as an important precursor to organizational resource attainment and performance, and so this study analyzes the correlates of heterogeneous social links with VCs. I also examine venture valuation, as it reflects enterprise quality and entrepreneurs’ cost of financial capital. Using data from a survey of 149 early stage technology-based start-up firms, I find several notable results. First, prior founding experience (especially financially successful experience) increases both the likelihood of VC funding via a direct tie and venture valuation. Second, founders’ ability to recruit executives via their own social network (as opposed to the VC’s network) is positively associated with venture valuation. Finally, in the emerging (at the time) Internet industry, founding teams with a doctoral degree holder are more likely to be funded via a direct VC tie and receive higher valuations, suggesting a signaling effect. The paper therefore underscores some important dimensions of heterogeneity among VC-backed entrepreneurs. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Statistically efficient estimation using population coding

Coarse codes are widely used throughout the brain to encode sensory and motor variables. Methods designed to interpret these codes, such as population vector analysis, are either inefficient (the variance of the estimate is much larger than the smallest possible variance) or biologically implausible, like maximum likelihood. Moreover, these methods attempt to compute a scalar or vector estimate of the encoded variable. Neurons are faced with a similar estimation problem. They must read out the responses of the presynaptic neurons, but, by contrast, they typically encode the variable with a further population code rather than as a scalar. We show how a nonlinear recurrent network can be used to perform estimation in a near-optimal way while keeping the estimate in a coarse code format. This work suggests that lateral connections in the cortex may be involved in cleaning up uncorrelated noise among neurons representing similar variables.
Interpersonal Pathoplasticity in the Course of Major Depression.

Objective: The identification of reliable predictors of course in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been difficult. Evidence suggests that the co-occurrence of personality pathology is associated with longer time to MDD remission. Interpersonal pathoplasticity, the mutually influencing nonetiological relationship between psychopathology and interpersonal traits, offers an avenue for examining specific personality vulnerabilities that may be associated with depressive course. Method: This study examined 312 participants with and without a co-occurring personality disorder diagnosis who met criteria for a current MDD episode at baseline and who were followed for 10 years in the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. Results: Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified 6 interpersonal groups (extraverted, dominant, arrogant, cold, submissive, and unassuming), and circular statistical profile analysis confirmed group interpersonal distinctiveness. No significant differences between groups were found in comorbid Axis I disorders or baseline MDD severity. Chronicity and functioning analyses found significantly greater chronicity and poorer functioning in individuals with a submissive interpersonal style over 10 years. Conclusions: These findings support the relevance of interpersonal pathoplasticity in depressive course and that this heterogeneity has clinical significance. This study is the first to use LPA and circular profiles to examine interpersonal heterogeneity within a diagnostic group. The implications of these findings for therapeutic intervention, interpersonal functioning, and psychopathological course are discussed.
Integration specificities of two lambdoid phages (21 and e14) that insert at the same attB site.

It was shown previously that phage 21 and the defective element e14 integrate at the same site within the icd gene of Escherichia coli K-12 but that 21 integrase and excisionase excise e14 in vivo very infrequently compared to excision of 21. We show here that the reverse is also true: e14 excises itself much better than it excises an adjacent 21 prophage. In vitro integrase assays with various attP substrates delimit the minimal attP site as somewhere between 366 and 418 bp, where the outer limits would include the outermost repeated dodecamers suggested as arm recognition sites by S. J. Schneider (Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., 1992). We speculate that the reason 21 attP is larger than lambda attP (240 bp) is because it must include a 209-bp sequence homologous to the 3' end of the icd transcript in order to allow icd expression in lysogens. Alteration of portions of 21 attP to their e14 counterparts shows that 21 requires both the arm site and core site sequences of 21 but that replacements by e14 sequences function in some positions. Consistent with Schneider's in vivo results, and like all other known integrases from lambdoid phages, 21 requires integration host factor for activity.
The Sexual Desire Conflict Scale for Women: construction, internal consistency, and two initial validity tests.

The development of a 33-item Sexual Desire Conflict Scale for Women is described. The scale was designed to measure women's experiences of subjective discomfort and conflict in relation to sexual desire. 54 women participated: 18 survivors of childhood sexual abuse, 18 survivors of nonsexual trauma, 18 controls with no histories of trauma. Three factors accounted for 25.6, 12.9 and 7.6% of the variance. While no social desirability confounding was detected, the three groups had very different scores. Suggestions for research and clinical application are made. Language: en
A measurement system for determining the positions of arcs during Vacuum arc remelting

It is has previously been shown that arcs can constrict during Vacuum arc remelting (VAR), and this constriction can lead to undesired defects in the material. This paper describes a novel measurement system capable of locating arcs in an existing industrial VAR furnace. The system is based on non-invasive magnetic field measurements and VAR specific forms of the Biot-Savart law which relate the measurements to the positions of arcs. Electromagnetic finite element modeling assists the analysis. The measurement system is applied to a commercial VAR furnace, and data are taken during production of titanium alloy. It is shown there exists arc distribution differences during this VAR operation and these differences are not apparent in the existing measurements used to control the furnace. It is also shown that there is more than one arc at an instant, and likely more arcs present at an instant than can be resolved with the number of sensors applied. Still, the described methodology can be extended to locating additional arcs by adding additional sensors.
Neuropsychological differentiation of chronic schizophrenia.

Four groups of 20 each (chronic brain-damaged schizophrenics, chronic non-brain-damaged schizophrenics, chronic non-brain-damaged with “acute” exacerbation, and control subjects) were individually administered Form I of the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB). Control subjects scored significantly lower than all clinical groups on all scales except for the chronic non-brain-damaged schizophrenics on the Reading Scale. “Acute” schizophrenics scored higher on Motor, Visual, Receptive Speech, Intellectual Processes, Pathognomonic, Right Hemisphere and Profile Elevations scales than the other clinical groups. Chronic brain-damaged schizophrenics scored significantly higher than chronic non-brain-damaged schizophrenics on the Profile Elevation scale. To examine the possibility that LNNB performance of the schizophrenic groups may have been related to neuroleptic medication, analyses were completed on the relationship between medication levels and LNNB scores. These results suggested that while the...
Leopards in the Temple Bureaucracy and the Limits of the in-between

This article examines a core problematic of bureaucracy. It suggests that the study of bureaucracy should make a clearer non bureaucratic turn, focusing appropriately on what is described as the in-between. Analysis of structural limits of the in-between-hierarchy and lateralization-should center on the nonbureaucratic. Structure is not the central issue. Rather, structure is a surrogate for competing manifest and latent nonbureaucratic perspectives. Hierarchy is a surrogate not only for a rational order of justice but also for the feasibility of epistemological certainty. Lateralization is a surrogate not only for human autonomy but also for skepticism and hesitation in knowing. The study of bureaucracy cannot be limited satisfactorily to "bureaucratic man. " Rather; humans are irreducibly bio-psychospirituo-social-cultural beings.
Creating a healthcare research database linking patient data across the continuum of care

Business Intelligence (BI) is a set of methodologies, processes, architectures, and technologies that transform raw data into meaningful and useful information. BI enables more effective decision-making through strategic, tactical and operational insights. Our unique approach and patient linkage allows for improved information delivery, as well as increased access to information, improved ease of use, provision of a platform for collaboration and knowledge-sharing, and the ability to process and present reports from millions of rows of data in a matter of seconds.
Why mice are neither miniature humans nor small rats: a cautionary tale involving 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 serotonin receptor species variants.

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is a biogenic amine neurotransmitter that modulates a host of important biological processes, such as mood, cognition, perception, feeding behavior, smooth muscle contractility, and platelet aggregation. The myriad actions of 5-HT are mediated by one or more of
On the sensitivity of mesoscale models to surface-layer parameterization constants

The Colorado State University standard mesoscale model is used to evaluate the sensitivity of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) fields to differences in surface-layer parameterization “constants”. Such differences reflect the range in the published values of the von Karman constant, Monin-Obukhov stability functions and the temperature roughness length at the surface. The sensitivity of 1D boundary-layer structure, and 2D sea-breeze intensity, is generally less than that found in published comparisons related to turbulence closure schemes generally.
A broad spectrum dark quencher: construction of multiple colour protease and photolytic sensors

An anthraquinone-based fluorescent quencher is described that is applicable to fluorophores throughout the visible spectrum and into the near IR. This species has been used to construct a palate of multicolour sensors of proteolysis and photolysis.
State-Space and Multivariate ARMAX Models

A very general model that seems to subsume a whole class of special cases of interest in much the same way that linear regression does is the state-space model or the dynamic linear model (DLM), which was introduced in Kalman (1960) and Kalman and Bucy (1961). Although the model was originally introduced as a method primarily for use in aerospace-related research, it has recently been applied to modeling data from economics (Harrison and Stevens, 1976, Harvey and Pierse, 1984, Harvey and Todd, 1983, Kitagawa and Gersch 1984, Shumway and Stoffer, 1982), medicine (Jones, 1984) and the soil sciences (Shumway, 1985).
J'Accuse: The Court Competes with the Constitution, Congress, and Citizens?

Given the co-equality of the branches of the United States government, the Supreme Court is commonly considered to enjoy a monopoly on interpreting the Constitution.1 The Court itself has expressed a normative claim to that effect.2 This claim and its many implications for the proper institutional role the Constitution actually accords the high court contextualizes the debate over the meaning of the Eleventh Amendment and the Court's federalism cases. A plausible thesis states that the Court's case law on federalism and state sovereign immunity describes power relations rather than interpretive differences. That is, the case law in these areas reflects a broader sphere in which the Court limits the roles of the other branches in constitutional interpretation. Although constitutional support for the Court's broad assumption of power may be slim to non-existent,3 power dynamics constitute a useful prism through which to understand the recent reinvigoration of federalism and state sovereign immunity to limit the powers of the national government. Thus, the Court's recent case law on federalism and the Eleventh Amendment reflects the now accepted norm of unquestioned judicial supremacy. The case law shows the Court's conservative majority acting robustly to curtail the powers of Congress, often placing the other branches of
Anxiety sensitivity risk reduction in smokers: A randomized control trial examining effects on panic.

Empirical evidence has identified several risk factors for panic psychopathology, including smoking and anxiety sensitivity (AS; the fear of anxiety-related sensations). Smokers with elevated AS are therefore a particularly vulnerable population for panic. Yet, there is little knowledge about how to reduce risk of panic among high AS smokers. The present study prospectively evaluated panic outcomes within the context of a controlled randomized risk reduction program for smokers. Participants (N = 526) included current smokers who all received a state-of-the-art smoking cessation intervention with approximately half randomized to the AS reduction intervention termed Panic-smoking Program (PSP). The primary hypotheses focus on examining the effects of a PSP on panic symptoms in the context of this vulnerable population. Consistent with prediction, there was a significant effect of treatment condition on AS, such that individuals in the PSP condition, compared to those in the control condition, demonstrated greater decreases in AS throughout treatment and the follow-up period. In addition, PSP treatment resulted in lower rates of panic-related symptomatology. Moreover, mediation analyses indicated that reductions in AS resulted in lower panic symptoms. The present study provides the first empirical evidence that brief, targeted psychoeducational interventions can mitigate panic risk among smokers.
Microelectrode array stimulation combined with intrinsic optical imaging: A novel tool for functional brain mapping.

Abstract Background Functional brain mapping via cortical microstimulation is a widely used clinical and experimental tool. However, data are traditionally collected point by point, making the technique very time consuming. Moreover, even in skilled hands, consistent penetration depths are difficult to achieve. Finally, the effects of microstimulation are assessed behaviorally, with no attempt to capture the activity of the local cortical circuits being stimulated. New method We propose a novel method for functional brain mapping, which combines the use of a microelectrode array with intrinsic optical imaging. The precise spacing of electrodes allows for fast, accurate mapping of the area of interest in a regular grid. At the same time, the optical window allows for visualization of local neural connections when stimulation is combined with intrinsic optical imaging. Results We demonstrate the efficacy of our technique using the primate motor cortex as a sample application, using a combination of microstimulation, imaging and electrophysiological recordings during wakefulness and under anesthesia. Comparison with current method: We find the data collected with our method is consistent with previous data published by others. We believe that our approach enables data to be collected faster and in a more consistent fashion and makes possible a number of studies that would be difficult to carry out with the traditional approach. Conclusions Our technique allows for simultaneous modulation and imaging of cortical sensorimotor networks in wakeful subjects over multiple sessions which is highly desirable for both the study of cortical organization and the design of brain machine interfaces.
Efficacy of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides for Melanotus communis (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) control in Florida sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)

Wireworms are important pests in newly planted sugarcane fields in Florida. Current management involves an integrated programme of cultural and chemical controls. Current chemical controls used are the organophosphates phorate and ethoprop. As federal regulations tighten the uses of organophosphates, effective chemicals from alternative classes of chemistry need to be found. The organophosphates were the only insecticides that effectively protected the emerging shoots from damage in our study. Phorate consistently reduced the number of wireworms. While the pyrethroids and neonicotinoids were able to protect the seed piece and non-sprouted buds, they did not consistently protect shoots and tillers. Neither pyrethroids nor neonicotinoids caused wireworm mortality in excess of that which occurred naturally.
Low-Lying Electronic States of Irn Clusters with n = 2–8 Predicted at the DFT, CASSCF, and CCSD(T) Levels

Low-lying structures of the small iridum clusters Irn (n = 2–8) were optimized using DFT methods. Ir2 and Ir3 were also optimized using the CASSCF method. MRCI-SD (for Ir2) energies and CCSD(T) (for Ir2 and Ir3) energies of the leading configurations from the CASSCF calculations were done to predict the low-lying states. The normalized atomization energies (⟨AE⟩) for Irn (n = 2–8) were calculated at the CCSD(T) level up to the complete basis set (CBS) limit in some cases using the B3LYP optimized geometries. The ground state for Ir2 is predicted to be 5Δg, and the ground state of Ir3 is linear 2Δg, with the D3h4A″1 state ∼10 kcal/mol higher in energy at the CASSCF level without core–valence corrections and ∼15 kcal/mol higher at the CCSD(T)/CBS level with spin–orbit and core–valence corrections. Inclusion of the spin orbit corrections in the normalized bond dissociation energies ⟨AE⟩ for Irn is critical and will decrease the ⟨AE⟩ by ∼15 kcal/mol for n ≥ 4. The ⟨AE⟩ for Irn increases as n increases in gene...
RIDGE-RUNNEL MIGRATION

The recovery of beaches after a storm can be influenced significantly by ridge-runnel migration. Ridges are made up of large volumes of sand which is important for the coastal sediment budget. The experiment described in this paper gives an insight into the complex hydrodynamics and sediment transport mechanisms related to onshore ridge-runnel migration. Detailed water free surface elevation, fluid velocity and sediment transport rate measurements were taken in a mobile bed wave flume with a focus on the effect of water ponding and runnel drainage on the profile evolution. The measured results have been used to calibrate the time-averaged numerical cross-shore model CSHORE. The model has the capability to deal with the effect of a pronounced profile depression (water-filled runnel) forming on the intermittently wet and dry zone of the beach. Results of the experiment compared with the corresponding numerical model computations show that the rapid onshore migration of a ridge-runnel system under fairly energetic wave conditions can be computed with CSHORE but further improvements of the model are necessary.
A clinical observation of therapeutic effect of Xinxuekang for female's Meniere's disease

Objective To observe and compare changes in clinical symptoms of patients with Meniere's disease after treatment of Xinxuekang combined with general routine treatment and general routine treatment alone so as to evaluate therapeutic effect of Xinxuekang combined with general routine treatment for female's Meniere's disease.Methods 80 women with Meniere's disease were randomly divided(according to their visit order) in mono-blind method into group A(intravenous drip of Xinxuekang combined with general routine treatment,n=40) and group B(general routine treatment alone,n=40).The changes in their clinical index at different times before and after treatment were observed and clinical therapeutic effect was evaluated(using rank test).P0.05 was regarded to have significant difference.Results The effectual rates for vertigo were 37.5%,32.5% and 30% respectively in group A at 1st,2nd and 3rd day after treatment,while those in group B were 17.5%,20% and 32.5%.The total effective rate for vertigo was 100% in group A after the 3days treatment,while that in group B was 70%(P0.01).In group A,the effectual rate at 1st,2nd and 3rd day after treatment and total effective rate at 3-days treatment were higher than those in group B(P0.01).The remission rate for vertigo was 75% in group A after 7-days treatment,while that in group B was 35%,and that in group A was significantly higher than in group B(P0.01).No adverse effects were found in group A and no patients recurred.While 4 patients recurred in group B at follow-up after 12 months.Conclusion Intravenous drip of Xinxuekang is effective for female's Meniere's disease with higher remission rate for vertigo and without any adverse effects,so it is valuable to be used in the clinic.
Preparation of photoluminescence tunable Cu-doped AgInS2 and AgInS2/ZnS nanocrystals and their application as cellular imaging probes

In this work, high-quality Cu doped AIS and AIS/ZnS NCs have been first synthesized via a surface doping approach. By varying the Cu doping concentrations, Cu doped AIS NCs exhibit a photoluminescence red-shift from around 600 nm to 660 nm with a decrease of quantum yield from around 30% to 20%. After ZnS coating or zinc etching on the Cu doped AIS NCs, Cu doped AIS/ZnS NCs present photoluminescence peaks from around 570 nm to 610 nm and high quantum yields in the range of 50–60%. Moreover, it is found that Cu doping can prolong the photoluminescence lifetime of NCs, and the average photoluminescence lifetime of Cu doped AIS and AIS/ZnS NCs is in the range of 300–500 ns. The resultant Cu doped AIS/ZnS NCs were further encapsulated with amphiphilic polymers and used as biocompatible photoluminescence probes in cellular imaging. The cellular imaging study shows that peptide-conjugated probes can specifically target U-87 brain tumor cells and thus they can be applied to the detection of endogenous targets expressed on brain tumor cells.
Inpatient Management of Type 2 Diabetes

1. To understand the goals for inpatient glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. 2. To learn the treatment options of hyperglycemia in the inpatient setting. 3. To gain an appreciation for inpatient diabetes management in special situations in the hospitalized patient.
2 – Corrosion fundamentals and characterization techniques

Abstract Corrosion is the result of the chemical or electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal or alloy, and its environment that produces a deterioration of the material and its properties. Therefore, corrosion processes are classified as chemical or electrochemical, according to the characteristics of the environment. Corrosion is also classified according to the forms of morphology on the surface of the corroded materials or according to the causes that promoted the corrosion. The most common forms of corrosion include general corrosion and localized corrosion. Examples of the corrosion classified according to the causes include stress corrosion cracking and microbially influenced corrosion. This chapter presents an overview of the different types of corrosion and the common techniques used to study and characterize corroded metal surfaces and corrosion products.
Near-inertial motions in the DeSoto Canyon during Hurricane Georges

Abstract Hurricane Georges passed directly over an array of 13 moorings deployed in the DeSoto Canyon in the northern Gulf of Mexico on 27–28 September 1998. Current velocity data from the mooring array were analyzed together with a primitive-equation model simulation with realistic hurricane forcing, to characterize the generation and propagation of the hurricane-generated near-inertial waves. The model successfully reproduces the observed mean (sub-inertial) and near-inertial motions. The upper ocean response is strongly impacted by the canyon ‘wall’: a strong jet is formed along the slope, and the near-inertial motions on the shelf are rapidly suppressed. The model results moreover suggest that strong near-inertial waves in the mixed layer are mostly trapped in an energy flux recirculating gyre around the canyon. This gyre retains the near-inertial energy in the canyon region and enhances the transfer of near-inertial energy below the mixed layer. Additional simulations with idealized topographies show that the presence of a steep slope rather than the canyon is fundamental for the generation of this recirculating gyre. The near-inertial wave energy budget shows that during the study period the wind generated an input of 6.79 × 10–2 Wm–2 of which about 1/3, or 2.43 × 10–2 Wm–2, was transferred below the mixed layer. The horizontal energy flux into and out of the canyon region, in contrast, was relatively weak.
EXPERIMENTAL SURVIVAL STUDIES OF SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII IN A MEAT PRODUCT

The literature includes a few reports on the ability of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii to survive at high temperatures, and one suggests that it could survive processing procedures used to manufacture frankfurters. Reported are studies to determine the extent that S. schenckii could survive processing procedures used by most manufacturers of commercial frankfurters. A frankfurter test model was devised to approximate the length diameter, and cooking characteristics of a commercial frankfurter. Uncooked emulsion was inoculated with the organism and recovery was attempted throughout the experimental cooking process. In 32% of the experimental studies, the maximum times and temperatures for positive recovery of the organism met or exceeded the processing standards used by most manufacturers. Thus, S. schenckii may survive in commercial frankfurters and be a potential health hazard.
Venous thromboembolism following initiation of atypical antipsychotics in two geriatric patients.

Abstract Background: Although not formally highlighted as a risk factor in current practice guidelines, several observational studies have reported a possible association between antipsychotic use ...
Food Safety and Implications for Microbial Source Tracking

As globalization of food marketing and distribution in our present interconnected society increases, the potential for the distribution of contaminated food increases as well, highlighting the need for tools to identify the types and sources of pathogen contamination. The concept of tracing pathogens to their origin using microbiological, genotypic, and phenotypic methods has been termed microbial source tracking (MST). The application of MST in identifying pathogens and the host source of pathogens linked to foodborne outbreaks of human illness can lead to targeted research, improved investigative and inspection practices, and other food system interventions. This chapter reviews microbial food safety concerns in various food industries and examines the applicability of molecular MST tools in food safety studies.
Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer: There Is Hope

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a devastating and aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. It accounts for ~15% of lung cancer mortality and has had no improvement in standard treatment options for nearly 30 years. However, there is now hope for change with new therapies and modalities of therapy. Immunotherapies and checkpoint inhibitors are entering clinical practice, selected targeted therapies show promise, and “smart bomb”-based drug/radioconjugates have led to good response in early clinical trials. Additionally, new research insights into the genetics and tumor heterogeneity of SCLC alongside the availability of new tools such as patient-derived or circulating tumor cell xenografts offer the potential to shine light on this beshadowed cancer.
On the Significance of Flexibility for Physical Educators

(1960). On the Significance of Flexibility for Physical Educators. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 27-70.
Theory of Time-Dependent Spectral Observations in Qed and Quantum Optics

The subject of measurement in quantum theory is more than 50 years old, and there are well-known controversies regarding hidden variables that are still lively today. The subject of spectra is twice as old, but not as well known. It is also the center of recent activity. In these lectures I will deal only with the older subject.
Adherence barriers in pediatric epilepsy: From toddlers to young adults.

Abstract Objective The objectives of this study were to examine the continuity of adherence barriers across stages of development in pediatric epilepsy and to assess the differential influence of barriers on several important clinical outcomes from early childhood to young adulthood, including adherence, seizures, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Method A developmentally representative sample of youth 2–25 years with epilepsy was obtained by combining data from five different studies. A total of 269 caregivers and 77 adolescents and young adults were included in this investigation. Participants completed measures of adherence barriers and HRQOL. An electronic monitoring system was used to assess adherence to the primary antiepileptic drug over 30 days. The prevalence of individual barriers across development and their relative importance as predictors of clinical outcomes were examined. Results Adherence barriers are characterized by both continuity and discontinuity from early childhood to early adulthood. Barriers such as disliking the taste of medication, parent forgetfulness, and refusal to take medications were significantly more salient during certain developmental periods. No significant differences across age groups were found for other barriers, including difficulty getting to the pharmacy and embarrassment. Certain adherence barriers, such as running out of medications, were more important to particular clinical outcomes despite being low prevalence. Adherence barriers differentially predicted adherence, seizure control, and HRQOL based on developmental stage. Conclusion Routine assessment of adherence barriers is imperative from toddlerhood to young adulthood given that the prevalence of barriers and their relative influence on important health outcomes vary by developmental stage. Adherence intervention efforts should be targeted, developmentally tailored, and focused on those barriers that are most predictive of poor outcomes for a given developmental period.
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) and Portal Hypertension

Chronic liver disease results in approximately 38,000 deaths a year, making it the 12th leading cause of mortality in the United States. Progressive liver disease results in portal hypertension, which leads to sequelae such as ascites, variceal hemorrhage, hepatic hydrothorax, and hepatorenal syndrome. Management includes screening for esophageal varices and treating complications of portal hypertension with medical, endoscopic, and interventional therapies. The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has been proven effective in treating variceal hemorrhage, refractory ascites, and other manifestations of portal hypertension. Clinical indications, patient selection, technical considerations, post-procedure management, and complications are discussed in this chapter.
Rising financial burden of targeted oral anticancer medications on the Medicare Part D program and its beneficiaries.

6625Background: High costs of oncology drugs have threatened the affordability of cancer care. Previous research using data from privately insured non-elderly cancer patients (pts) showed that both...
The cysteinyl leukotriene 3 receptor regulates expansion of IL-25–producing airway brush cells leading to type 2 inflammation

Respiratory epithelial cells (EpCs) orchestrate airway mucosal inflammation in response to diverse environmental stimuli, but how distinct EpC programs are regulated remains poorly understood. Here, we report that inhalation of aeroallergens leads to expansion of airway brush cells (BrCs), specialized chemosensory EpCs and the dominant epithelial source of interleukin-25 (IL-25). BrC expansion was attenuated in mice lacking either LTC4 synthase, the biosynthetic enzyme required for cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) generation, or the EpC receptor for leukotriene E4 (LTE4), CysLT3R. LTE4 inhalation was sufficient to elicit CysLT3R-dependent BrC expansion in the murine airway through an IL-25-dependent but STAT6-independent signaling pathway. Last, blockade of IL-25 attenuated both aeroallergen and LTE4-elicited CysLT3R-dependent type 2 lung inflammation. These results demonstrate that CysLT3R senses the endogenously generated lipid ligand LTE4 and regulates airway BrC number and function.
El ambiente de la herida, la virulencia microbiana y la infección postoperatoria: lecciones prácticas para el cirujano

Resumen El desarrollo de infecciones postoperatorias representa una grave complicacion que puede tener un alto precio y llegar a ser muy frustrante para los profesionales de la cirugia. Por ello, los cirujanos han adoptado diversos metodos para prevenirlas, como el uso de antibioticos, metodos de esterilizacion de la piel, soluciones para la irrigacion con o sin antisepticos, asi como tecnicas que minimicen el trauma en los tejidos. Sin embargo, en la cirugia electiva la gran mayoria de las infecciones de herida son imposibles de predecir. En esta revision discutimos los conceptos emergentes sobre la patogenesis en las infecciones de herida y analizamos la influencia que tiene el medio ambiente de la herida en la activacion de las bacterias que expresan un fenotipo nocivo o virulento. Basandonos en estos conceptos emergentes, buscamos ofrecer al cirujano la evidencia a nivel molecular que explique la razon por la cual algunos metodos de proteccion de la herida quirurgica son efectivos, mientras que otros no.
Racial Diversity in Orthopedic Surgery

Data from the US Census Bureau, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons reveal that orthopedic surgery is the least diverse of any surgical specialty and that diversity within orthopedics is not improving. Considerable data from both medicine and business suggest that improving diversity within the orthopedic surgery specialty would be of significant benefit to the orthopedic surgery profession and to patients. Multiple avenues for increasing diversity exist, including large-scale pipeline programs as well as personal and institutional efforts examining biases and decision-making processes.
Peritoneal tunnels: A site at risk for treatment failure when performing treatments for peritoneal metastases. A case series of 2 patients.

Abstract Background Peritoneal metastases from gastrointestinal cancer can be treated by a combination of surgery to remove visible evidence of disease and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy to eradicate microscopic disease. Complete cytoreduction is necessary for long-term benefit. Methods Two sites for incomplete cytoreduction because tumor is hidden from visual inspection were identified. Patients who developed recurrence at these anatomic sites were studied. Results A peritoneal tunnel along a patent processus vaginalis allowed tumor to be sequestered along the inguinal canal in a female patient. A peritoneal tunnel beneath a hepatic bridge over the round ligament obscured mucinous tumor in a male patient. Conclusions Peritoneal tunnels in the inguinal region or at the porta hepatis should be opened by surgical dissection so that all foci of peritoneal metastases are removed at a complete cytoreductive surgery and these sites treated with chemotherapy.
Distribution of Cryosols

Cryosols cover about 13.8 million km2 worldwide, of which 83 % occur in the circumarctic and 17 % in mountains of the high latitudes and high mountains. Because the active layer is too deep (>1 or 2 m) in mountains with permafrost and in the sporadic and isolated permafrost zones of the circumarctic, only 63 % of the permafrost region contains cryosols. The other soils are Entisols, Inceptisols, Histosols, and other soil orders.
Workplace incivility in restaurants: Who’s the real victim? Employee deviance and customer reciprocity

Abstract This study expands upon previous literature that focused on examining the impact of managers’ incivility towards their employees and the effects on employee behavior and attitudes, as well as customers’ perceptions and behavior intentions following workplace incivility from the maltreated employees. Using mixed-methods of sequential incident techniques and a scenario-based experiment, the study found that when customers received a good service from the employee who was maltreated by his/her supervisors, customers are more likely to revisit the restaurant and tend to provide more tips to the employee compared to customers who received a bad service from the employee. Also, employees who try to continuously provide a good service to customers regardless of their mistreatment from the manager, trigger customers’ moral unease, thus lead them to give more tips.
Cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of structural bio-adhesives derived from glycerol

Due to increasing environmental concerns about petroleum-based products, the replacement of petro-products has attracted much attention in recent years. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of glycerol-based structural bio-adhesive produced through the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization process. In this study, two pathways of glycerol production were considered in this cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment: bio-glycerol produced from biodiesel production plant and petroleum-based glycerol derived from petroleum refineries. Several impact categories were analyzed including global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, and human health effects (both cancer and non-cancer). The impact of different allocation methods (energy content, mass value, and economic value) was also explored in this study. Our results showed that bio-glycerol-based structural adhesive had a lower environmental impact in general compared to petro-glycerol-based structural adhesive. Higher environmental impacts throughout the structural bio-adhesive life cycle were observed by adopting the energy allocation method. The key factors that influence the global warming potential were electricity sources and the product yield. This LCA study provides useful information for developing sustainable biomaterials and processes. It is recommended to further explore the potential approaches to reduce the carbon intensity and eutrophication potential in the RAFT polymerization process as it is identified as the hotspot in the structural bio-adhesive production process.
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis in the Adolescent Athlete

Abstract Spondylolysis in athletes represents a spectrum of injuries to the pars interarticularis due to overuse. These injuries are becoming more prevalent with year-round sports participation for skeletally immature athletes. The mechanism entails abnormal trauma to normal bone with repetitive lumbar extension. The injury begins as a unilateral stress response or bone bruise seen on MRI and then can progress to unicortical fracture, followed by bicortical fracture. Continued stress can ultimately lead to spondylolisthesis, which can have lifelong implications. This chapter reviews the current literature and expert opinion regarding the demographics, presentation, evaluation, and management of these injuries in athletes.
Women in ISIS Propaganda: A Natural Language Processing Analysis of Topics and Emotions in a Comparison with a Mainstream Religious Group.

Online propaganda is central to the recruitment strategies of extremist groups and in recent years these efforts have increasingly extended to women. To investigate Islamic State’s approach to targeting women in their online propaganda and uncover implications for counterterrorism, we rely on text mining and natural language processing (NLP). Specifically, we extract articles published in Dabiq and Rumiyah (Islamic State’s online English language publications) to identify prominent topics. To identify similarities or differences between these texts and those produced by non-violent religious groups, we extend the analysis to articles from a Catholic forum dedicated to women. We also perform an emotional analysis of both of these resources to better understand the emotional components of propaganda. We rely on Depechemood (a lexical-base emotion analysis method) to detect emotions most likely to be evoked in readers of these materials. The findings indicate that the emotional appeal of ISIS and Catholic materials are similar.