cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Genetic Predisposition to Hypertension

Hypertension is a majorpublic health problem, and yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying hypertension are poorly understood in the majority of patients. A complex disorder, both environmental and genetic factors predispose individuals to hypertension. Whereas we know much about environmental factors, such as salt intake and exercise, that affect blood pressure, we know less about genetic factors that predispose individuals to hypertension. In recent years, there has been great progress in elucidating the molecular basis of monogenic disorders with primary effect on blood pressure, and this work has clarified many aspects of blood pressure regulation.1 Among the most significant findings from this work has been that all known single-gene disorders with primary effect on blood pressure act via a single final common pathway-alteration of renal sodium reabsorption. These studies mirror what has been observed in acquired forms of hypertension, which uniformly feature increased sodium reabsorption as well. The sum of these findings is consistent with a large body of physiological work and animal studies drawing on the pioneering work of Arthur Guyton, who proposed that sustained hypertension ultimately required the active participation of the kidney.2 The finding that all known inherited and acquired forms of hypertension ultimately operate via the same common pathway has led to the proposal that common forms of hypertension will feature perturbations in this pathway as well.1 Although such work has greatly expanded our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying …
Uncertainty Propagation in an Integrated Land Use-Transportation Modeling Framework: Output Variation via UrbanSim

The effect of uncertainty in the land use component of a partially integrated land use-transportation modeling system called UrbanSim is examined. Outputs from the land use model (LUM) act as inputs for a traditional four-step travel demand model (TDM), and travel times from the traffic-assignment stage of the TDM are fed forward into the subsequent years' LUM. This work examines the propagation of uncertainty across model stages as well as at each model stage over time. A factorized design approach is used to model uncertainty in demographic inputs (which include aggregate growth rates and mobility rates) to the land use model, as well as uncertainty in various model parameters. Results suggest that although several model inputs may affect model outputs in the short run, only those inputs that have a cumulative effect are likely to have a significant impact on outputs in the long run. Results also suggest that uncertainty in model outputs may increase for the first few years for which the model is run, a...
Antegrade left heart catheterization.

Retrograde arterial catheterization has been the standard approach to hemodynamic and angiographic evaluation of the left ventricle and systemic arterial system. An alternative approach—antegrade left heart catheterization—is reported that circumvents arterial puncture. During cardiac catheterization from the femoral vein in 18 children with normally related great arteries who had interatrial communications, a balloon-tipped catheter was looped in a „clockwise” fashion through the left atrium and left ventricle and into the ascending aorta. In 17 children the maneuver was rapidly accomplished without complications; it proved possible to perform in an infant with a hypoplastic left ventricular cavity, and was employed to perform a renal arteriogram. The major advantage of antegrade left heart catheterization is avoidance of complications related to arterial puncture. The antegrade approach also avoids right arm cut-down in children with coarctation of the aorta.
Short-interval averages of sums of Fourier coefficients of cusp forms

Abstract Let f be a weight k holomorphic cusp form of level one, and let S f ( n ) denote the sum of the first n Fourier coefficients of f. In analogy with Dirichlet's divisor problem, it is conjectured that S f ( X ) ≪ X k − 1 2 + 1 4 + ϵ . Understanding and bounding S f ( X ) has been a very active area of research. The current best bound for individual S f ( X ) is S f ( X ) ≪ X k − 1 2 + 1 3 ( log ⁡ X ) − 0.1185 from Wu [17] . Chandrasekharan and Narasimhan [2] showed that the Classical Conjecture for S f ( X ) holds on average over intervals of length X. Jutila [10] improved this result to show that the Classical Conjecture for S f ( X ) holds on average over short intervals of length X 3 4 + ϵ . Building on the results and analytic information about ∑ | S f ( n ) | 2 n − ( s + k − 1 ) from our recent work [9] , we further improve these results to show that the Classical Conjecture for S f ( X ) holds on average over short intervals of length X 2 3 ( log ⁡ X ) 1 6 .
Replies to Three Critics

L'A. repond aux critiques opposees a sa theorie de l'action rationnelle developpee dans son dernier ouvrage «Moralite: nature et justification». L'A. reexamine les distinctions entre egoisme et altruisme, moralite et raison, rationalite et irrationnalite, qui accompagnent sa theorie hybride de l'action morale.
Chip Implementation on High-Speed Packet Buffers in Network System

With the increasing demand for higher bandwidth, network operators are updating their devices to support 40GE/100GE standards. Besides, next generation 400GE and 1TE standards are also in discussion, which pose big challenges to network chip design. Packet processing, packet buffering, switch fabric and chip interfaces are main challenges in network chip design. Among them, packet buffer might be the top problem because of the well known “Memory Wall”. IBM solves the problem by providing a highly efficient chip interface, innovative memory technologies and advanced design process. In this paper, we address the bottleneck of the traffic manager chips which perform high performance packet buffering. Based on the analysis, we show how to solve the chip implementation difficulties to meet next generation bandwidth requirements.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE ERYTHROCYTE HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITOR AND THE M-N BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES.

SummaryThe data reported indicate that a stromal glycoprotein, homogeneous by several criteria, is an active inhibitor of viral hemagglutination and has M-N blood group specificity. Both properties decrease in activity when the protein is removed from solution by mixing with influenza virus and centrifuging the mixture or when it is reacted with anti-M-N serum. It has always been observed that the disappearance of the one property of the protein is accompanied by the disappearance of the other. These results are interpreted as an indication that a single protein possesses both of these properties.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: From Pore-Scale Physics to Field-Scale Hydrogeophysics

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has the potential to provide a wealth of information about the physical and chemical properties of geological materials. Probed in the NMR measurement is the pore-scale environment of hydrogen nuclei (protons) in the water, or the other fluids, within the pore space of a soil, sediment or rock. Like many other forms of geophysical measurement, NMR has been developed to obtain estimates of material properties, defined at the macroscopic scale, for applications at the field-scale. But to truly understand the measurement, and thus improve the accuracy of the derived material-property estimates, we need to understand the pore-scale physics in which molecular-scale processes interact with nanoscale to macroscale heterogeneity to yield the field-scale response.
Segregation of Cockroach Nymphs into Sibling Groups

We studied aggregation of nymphs of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae . Sibling nymphs were found to cluster together more frequently than nonsibling nymphs. The tendency to associate with siblings is strongest in first-instar nymphs, begins to disappear in the molt period, and is absent in second-instar nymphs. This observation is consistent with previous reports of nymphs clustering around or being attracted to their mother in preference to other conspecific adult females. Association with the mother or with sibling nymphs may confer advantages in protection or passage of intestinal symbionts. We also present an alternative method to nearest neighbor techniques for determining the randomness of spatial patterns.
Egg Production and Population Growth of the Citrus Red Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Differentially Irrigated Citrus Trees

We determined the effect of moderate (20%), continuous water stress of citrus trees on the egg production and population growth of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor). We also measured differences in individual and total free amino acids, soluble protein, total nitrogen, and percentage of soluble nitrogen to determine if water stress influenced the concentration of soluble nitrogenous compounds. Although this level of water stress can reduce yield directly, we observed no consistent effect of irrigation on concentrations of nitrogenous compounds. Temporal or ontogenetic variation among trees more strongly affected concentration of plant nitrogenous compounds than irrigation. The three citrus cultivars examined— Citrus limon (L.) Burman f. cv. Eureka, and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Valencia and cv. Washington Navel—also varied in sensitivity to differential irrigation; lemon was least sensitive and ‘Washington Navel’ orange was most. Egg production rates were independent of irrigation level. Mite population growth on commercial, differentially irrigated ‘Washington Navel’ trees also was independent of irrigation level. When P. citri activity is expected to be greatest, differential irrigation is expected to have minimal influence on P. citri populations. The direct effects of suboptimal irrigation on yield probably are of more economic importance than any indirect effects of altering host tree suitability to mites.
Maturation of the Diurnal Rhythm of Corticosterone in Female Domestic Fowl

The purpose of this study was to examine the maturation of the avian corticosterone diurnal rhythm in relation to other indices of adrenocortical maturation. Female chickens were studied at 1, 5, 11, 17, 23, and 55 weeks of age. Blood samples were drawn at 4-hr intervals during a 24-hr (14 hr light: 10 hr dark) photoperiod. The diurnal rhythm in corticosterone concentration was not apparent until 11 weeks of age. At this age, unlike at 17 weeks of age, the maximal corticosterone concentration occurred during the light period. This indicates that although a rhythm is present at 11 weeks, a phase shift apparently occurs before the adult-like diurnal rhythm is attained. Injection of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) produced an increase in the circulating corticosterone concentration in chickens at all ages. These results indicate 1) a phase shift must occur between the time of the initial emergence of a diurnal corticosterone rhythm and the attainment of the characteristic adult-like diurnal rhythm, and 2) the avian adrenal cortex is capable of responding to an ACTH stimulus with an increase in circulating corticosterone before the central nervous system rhythmically controls the pattern of circulating ACTH or corticosterone.
Celebrating ruby: 40 years of NAS→SNANSC→SNACC→SNACC

The 40-year history of the Society of Neurosurgical Anesthesia and Critical Care (SNACC) is reviewed. Annual meetings have been a focus for reporting scientific advances and providing education to those attending. The society has undergone significant maturation dealing with transitions in leadership and dealing with an existential threat and undergoing name changes reflecting growth and maturation in its mission. SNACC has collaborated with several other professional societies, most notable being the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), in which SNACC members have advocated for neuroscience in the ASA's educational and scientific activities, with several SNACC members being recognized through several major ASA awards and presentations. SNACC has been a strong advocate for educational advances, most recently addressing issues in neuroanesthesia fellowship accreditation and possibly certification. SNACC's initial North American focus has grown such that SNACC is now an international society dedicated to the advancement of neuroanesthesia, neurocritical care, neuromonitoring, and neuroscience.
Detection of the Dangerous Paranoid Patient

Of all patients with paranoid delusions, only some are potentially dangerous and by no means do all of these become assaultive or homocidal. It is important for physicians to be aware of the potential dangers of paranoid patients and it is equally important for them to be sensitive to the signs of a change in equilibrium within the patient which may lead him to become dangerous. This article discusses clues leading to detection of potentially dangerous patients and of potentially dangerous situations, and describes signs of impending danger.
Molecular Targets for Human Papillomaviruses: Prospects for Antiviral Therapy

A substantial medical need exists for the development of antiviral medicines for the treatment of diseases associated with infection by human papillomaviruses (HPVs). HPVs are associated with various benign and malignant lesions including benign genital condyloma, common skin warts, laryngeal papillomas and anogenital cancer. Since treatment options are limited and typically not very satisfactory, the development of safe and effective antiviral drugs for HPV could have substantial clinical impact. In the last few years, exciting advances have been made in our understanding of papillomavirus replication and the effects that the virus has on growth of the host cell. Although still somewhat rudimentary, techniques have been developed for limited virion production in vitro offering the promise of more rapid advances in the dissection and understanding of the virus life cycle. Of the 8–10 HPV gene products that are made during infection, only one encodes enzymatic activities, the E1 helicase. Successful antivi...
Somatostatin--another pancreatic islet hormone.

Pancreatic islets contain at least six different types of endocrine cells (Table 1). In most species A, B, and D cells comprise more than 75% of the islet cell mass. A and B cells secrete glucagon and insulin, respectively, and their role in substrate homeostasis is well established. Although D cells were first described shortly after the discovery of A and B cells (Bensley, 1911), much less is known about them and their function. Initially, the D cell was thought to be merely an intermediary Table 1 Endocrine Cells of Mammalian Islets of Langerhans Cell type Secretory product Percent islet cell mass B Insulin 40–60 A Glucagon 20–30 D Somatostatin 5–15 F Pancreatic polypeptide 5–15 D1 Vasoactive intestinal peptide 0–5 EC Serotonin 0–5 Modified from Revised Wiesbaden Classification: Rendic. Gastroenterol. (1973) 5: 13–16 Table 2 Staining Characteristics of Pancreatic A, B, and D Cells Stain A cell B cell D cell Chrome-hematoxylin-phloxin pink dark blue pink Phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin dark grey unstained pale lilac Heidenhains azan red pale blue Aldehyde fuchsin-triehome red violet green Silver impregnation (Hellman-Hellerstrom) yellow yellow black Fluorescein-labeled antisera: a. antiglucagon + - - b. antiinsulin - + - c. antisomatostatin - - + form of A cell due to the poor resolution of A and D cells with stains used to study islet morphology and to the fact that argyrophilic islet cells were mistakenly considered A cells (Takahashi, 1927).
Building Collaborative Efforts through Coalitions

This chapter explores the potential of a coalition between the fields when specific collaborative projects are taken on. It first considers some of the collaborative work currently being done and then moves on to consider where there is pressing need for current coalition action. For example, currently on campuses students and employees with mental illness are perceived as the “dangerous disabled” even though they are more likely to be the victims rather than perpetrators of crime. This is just one example of the need for combined voices/actions that will change both the campus and larger social climate, yet is an area where there is no concerted effort being made between the fields to deliberately educate and advocate.
Algorithms for Stochastic Physical Search on General Graphs

Stochastic Physical Search (SPS) refers to the search for an item in a physical environment where the item's price is stochastic, and where the cost to obtain the item includes both travel and purchase costs. This type of problem models task planning scenarios where the cost of completing an objective at a location is drawn from a probability distribution, reflecting the influence of unknown factors. Prior work on this domain has focused on solutions where the expected cost is minimized. Recently, SPS problems with other objectives have been proposed and theoretically analyzed, in particular when either the budget or the desired probability of success is fixed. However, general optimal solvers for these new variants do not yet exist. We present algorithms for optimal solution of these variants on general graphs. We formulate them as mixed integer linear programming problems, and solve them using an off-the-shelf MILP solver. We then develop custom branch and bound algorithms which result in a dramatic reduction in computation speed. Using these algorithms, we generate empirical insights into the hardness landscape of the fixed budget and fixed probability of success SPS variants.
100-Hz thermo-optically controlled beam steering in an end-fire silicon waveguide array

We demonstrate thermo-optically controlled beam steering in an end-fire silicon waveguide array capable of steering over an angular range of 16.4° at a rate of 100 Hz.
Molecular Genetic Analysis of Ethylene-Regulated and Developmental Components of Tomato Fruit Ripening

Fruit ripening represents a biological process unique to plant species in which developmental and hormonal signaling systems orchestrate a variety of biochemical and physiological changes which, in summation, result in the “ripe” stage of fruit maturation. In so called “climacteric” fruits such as tomato, cucurbits, banana, apple, and many others, the initiation of ripening is characterized by a dramatic increase in respiration and biosynthesis of the gaseous hormone ethylene [1]. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis or ethylene perception via application of inhibitors, or endogenous expression of transgenes, has been shown to have profound inhibitory effects on ethylene-mediated plant processes, including climacteric fruit ripening [reviewed in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. As a result, the majority of scientific effort devoted to ripening research has been in the areas of ethylene biosynthesis, ethylene responses, and, more recently, ethylene perception and signal transduction [8, 9]. Nevertheless, careful examination of the physiological, biochemical, genetic, and molecular data collected in recent decades (particularly from analysis of ripening tomato fruit) suggests a significant developmental component of fruit ripening which interacts with and modulates ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during ripening, and has been largely overlooked [8, 10].
Do We Need Partial Intentions

Richard Holton has argued that the traditional account of intentions—which only posits the existence of all-out intentions—is inadequate because it fails to accommodate dual-plan cases; ones in which it is rationally permissible for an agent to adopt two competing plans to bring about the same end. Since the consistency norms governing all-out intentions prohibit the adoption of competing intentions, we can only preserve the idea that the agent in a dual-plan case is not being irrational if we attribute to them a pair of partial intentions. I argue that, contrary to initial appearances, (i) Holton has yet to offer us an actual account of partial intentions, and (ii) that the traditional account of intentions already has the resources necessary to accommodate dual-plan cases.
Global Optimization of Manufacturing System Simulations

Abstract In this paper, we discuss the importance of models in manufacturing system design, and the difficulties associated with the optimization of these models. An example problem, involving the global optimization of a simulation model of a discrete-parts manufacturing system, is presented.
Endoscopic Treatments for Obesity.

Purpose of review Endoscopic bariatric therapy (EBT) is a rapidly developing area that has now seen FDA approval of six endoscopic bariatric devices and procedures and there are a number of other novel EBTs progressing through various stages of development with newly published findings. This paper aims to assist readers in either selecting an appropriate therapy for their patient or deciding to incorporate these therapies into their practice. This paper provides an updated review of the available data on EBTs, both FDA approved and not, with a particular focus on effectiveness and safety, as well as guidance for discussing with your patient the decision to use endoscopic therapies. Findings The authors of a large meta-analysis of Orbera concluded its ideal balloon volume to be 600–650 mL. AspireAssist has had favorable effectiveness and safety data published in a large RCT. A large study of endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty has published findings at up to 24 months showing promising durability. Elipse, a swallowed intragastric balloon not requiring endoscopy for either insertion or removal, has had early favorable results published. A magnet-based system for creation of a gastrojejunostomy has published favorable findings from its pilot study. Summary EBTs are safe and effective therapies for weight loss when used in conjunction with lifestyle changes and fill an important gap in the management of obesity. There are now six FDA-approved EBTs available and several more in ongoing trials with favorable early findings. More study is needed to understand the role of EBTs used in combination or in sequence with medications and bariatric surgery.
Concluding Remarks-Observations

This has been the first international conference devoted solely to the cosmic microwave background radiation (CBR). That alone would be a cause to celebrate but the conference here in L’Aquila has also been beautifully organized, well attended and very productive. The presence here of so many younger men and women is a particular pleasure, and a sure sign of the health of our field.
Pressure Vessel Dosimetry at U.S. PWR Plants

A series of Neutron Dosimetry experiments has been performed at three Pressurized Water Reactor Plants, repre¬senting each of the three U.S. PWR vendors. The study has included analysis of several sets of radiometric monitors irradiated in the pressure vessel cavity of each reactor, as well as monitors from in-vessel positions. In each case, measurements have been compared with transport calculations performed by the University of Missouri (Rolla) research team. Other labs have performed both independent measurements and calculations, in verification, and the N.B.S. has provided fluence calibrations. The aim of this research project has been to provide benchmark data and methodology for pressure vessel surveillance. The study has been underway for 7 years and has covered several fuel cycles, various operational conditions and different radial and azimuthal positions relative to the pressure vessels. Specimen results from each reactor are included and compared with calculations.
Families: Economic Functions and Decision-Making

This chapter introduces readers to the field of family economics. It defines “family” from an economics perspective and then details the economic functions of the family: human capital creation, social capital creation, household production of goods and services, economies of scale and public goods provisioning, consumption and savings decisions, and risk-sharing and self-insurance. Then it looks at three models of household decision-making: altruism, bargaining, and exchange. The way economists would analyze public policies depends on assumptions about families’ decision-making, and the chapter illustrates how the different models affect policy analysis.
BK Virus Nephropathy.

BK virus nephropathy is a serious complication of kidney transplantation. Although 10%–30% of kidney recipients have BK viremia, nephropathy occurs in approximately 2% ([1][1]). Nephropathy is most common early after transplant when immunosuppression is at its peak. Patients are often asymptomatic
A Survey of FMRI Data Analysis Methods

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a procedure in which the MR imaging device is used to observe genuine or task induced brain activity networks. Finding and measuring the patterns of brain activity determine which part of the brain is handling critical functions. These patterns also monitor the effects of different conditions (i.e. learning new habits, stroke and trauma, and neurodegenerative diseases). Functional MRI measures the physiological fluctuations in brain cells and relies on the fact that neurons with more activity consume more oxygen. The output of an fMRI scan is a series of raw images, meaning they contain errors. The errors are due to thermal noise, system noise, unwanted head movement during the scan, and other sources. Hence, some preprocessing on the data is required to maximize the information that can be obtained from the images. In recent years, machine learning methods have been developed and trained to use fMRI data as input and aid medical professionals for diagnostic purposes. In this paper the preprocessing and several methods of analyzing the fMRI data is discusse
Links between age at menarche, antral follicle count, and body mass index in African American and European American women.

Objective To examine the relationships between age at menarche, antral follicle count (AFC), and body mass index (BMI) in a multi-ethnic population of women. Design Community-based, cross-sectional study. Setting Academic setting. Patient(s) A total of 245 African American women and 273 European American women, aged 25–45 years, with regular menstrual cycles and no reproductive disorders. The ethnicity of these women was self-reported and genetically validated. Intervention(s) The AFCs were measured by transvaginal ultrasound during the early follicular phase. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and age at menarche was gathered by questionnaire. Main Outcome Measure(s) Determination of the associations between age of menarche and adult AFC and BMI. Result(s) Earlier age of menarche was associated with both higher BMIs and higher AFCs in adulthood, with control for female age. The antral follicle difference between early ( Conclusion(s) This study provides the first evidence that timing of menarche may influence AFC. Because of limited studies on African American women, this work provides additional needed data and may enhance our ability to prospectively screen and better treat various diseases associated with the female reproductive lifespan.
Impact of the Heat Conductivity of the Inert Electrode on ReRAM Performance and Endurance

We report on the impact of the inert electrode on the endurance of ReRAM memory cells. The baseline device Cu/TaOx/Pt/Ti is compared with six devices manufactured with different inert electrode constructions: Pt/Cr, Rh/Cr, Rh/Ti, Rh/Al2O3, Ir/Ti, and Ir/Cr, while the Cu electrode and the TaOx dielectric are identical. Although the glue layers Ti, Cr or Al2O3 are not an inherent part of the device proper, they have a tangible impact on the device endurance as well. We find consistently that inert electrodes with high thermal conductivities have superior endurance properties over an electrode with low thermal conductivity. Specifically, Rh(150/Cr(94) (numbers represent the heat conductivity in units of W/(mK)) is not only superior to Pt(72)/Ti(20) but also to Rh(150)/Ti(20) device. We explain the impact of the heat conductivity of the inert electrode on the endurance by the deformation of the Cu filament due to Cu fluxes during the switching cycles.
Ethylene Involvement in Raspberry Fruit Ripening

Ethylene is involved in softening and abscission of raspberry drupes from receptacle tissue (Robbins et al., 1989; Burdon and Sexton, 1990a,b). The objective of this research was to determine the relationships between respiration rate, ethylene production rate, and ethylene action during raspberry ripening.
Theory and Scaling of Lower Atmospheric Turbulence

The boundary layer of the atmosphere may best be characterized as the part of the atmosphere which is in contact with the earth’s surface and which is continuously turbulent. This region has in the past also been called the planetary boundary layer. Perhaps it should be more properly termed the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in recognition of the fact that the planet also has other important geophysical boundary layers-notably the mixed layer of the upper ocean and the benthic boundary layer. Turbulence distinguishes this layer from the rest of the atmosphere because turbulent flow is markedly more efficient at transferring momentum and scalar quantities than the generally laminar flow of the free atmosphere above. This efficient transfer substantially alters the physical balances which hold in the ABL.
Review of Long-Term Results of Staged Functional Reconstruction and Bladder Neck Plasty in Bladder Exstrophy Patients Followed from Birth at the Johns Hopkins Hospital

Bladder neck plasty, which is the planned third stage in staged reconstruction of bladder exstrophy grew out of the earlier contributions to incontinence surgery by Hugh Hampton Young, John Dees, Guy Leadbetter and Victor Marshall. Early attempts at reconstruction of classical bladder exstrophy were often dismal failures leading to the statement in the reigning pediatric urology text by Campbell1 in 1951 to say that all exstrophies should be diverted to the skin or the bowel as their best means of management.
Twitter-based measures of neighborhood sentiment as predictors of residential population health.

Several studies have recently applied sentiment-based lexicons to Twitter to gauge local sentiment to understand health behaviors and outcomes for local areas. While this research has demonstrated the vast potential of this approach, lingering questions remain regarding the validity of Twitter mining and surveillance in local health research. First, how well does this approach predict health outcomes at very local scales, such as neighborhoods? Second, how robust are the findings garnered from sentiment signals when accounting for spatial effects? To evaluate these questions, we link 2,076,025 tweets from 66,219 distinct users in the city of San Diego over the period of 2014-12-06 to 2017-05-24 to the 500 Cities Project data and 2010–2014 American Community Survey data. We determine how well sentiment predicts self-rated mental health, sleep quality, and heart disease at a census tract level, controlling for neighborhood characteristics and spatial autocorrelation. We find that sentiment is related to some outcomes on its own, but these relationships are not present when controlling for other neighborhood factors. Evaluating our encoding strategy more closely, we discuss the limitations of existing measures of neighborhood sentiment, calling for more attention to how race/ethnicity and socio-economic status play into inferences drawn from such measures.
Family Type 5: Reformists

Reformists are somewhat similar to experiencers, but they see the traditional family structure as optional, and are willing to embrace it only if the right conditions exist. Family is not an aspiration that they strive to fulfill in their lives, although it could be the icing on the cake under the right conditions. They believe one can have a complete and fulfilling life without ever being married or having a child. Moreover, they typically are not wedded to the idea that a family is a lifelong commitment. There are two major subtypes. Non-traditionalists reject traditional ideas about marriage and family and support flexible family structures in which partners do not necessarily need to be married or even committed to each other. Non-traditionalists view children as optional. Commitment-phobes support the idea of flexible duration. They reject the idea of lifelong commitment and think transient relationships should be the norm.
Unpacking Robert Spaemann's Philosophical Contribution to the Brain Death Debate.

Questions of life and death are primarily philosophical questions, as philosopher Robert Spaemann argues. Spaemann argues that “brain death” is philosophically unsatisfactory as a definition of dea...
Balanced complexes and effective divisors on M¯0,n

Doran, Giansiracusa, and Jensen showed a bijection between homogeneous elements in the Cox ring of M¯0,n not divisible by any exceptional divisor section, and weighted pure-dimensional simplicial c...
A Note from the Editor: Introducing Our Spanish Language Articles

This first issue in the 34th year of our journal will, I hope, be remembered as having a special place in our history, because it is the first issue to carry an article in a language other than Eng...
Mechanobiology: Plant Cells Face Pressure from Neighbors.

Summary Plant cell growth is constrained by the rate of water uptake and wall extensibility. New research reveals that the topology and geometry of cells in a tissue predicts the pressures that ultimately determine growth.
Getting Eyes in the Home: Child Protective Services Investigations and State Surveillance of Family Life:

Each year, U.S. child protection authorities investigate millions of families, disproportionately poor families and families of color. These investigations involve multiple home visits to collect i...
Propolis-induced exclusion of colloids: Possible new mechanism of biological action.

Abstract Propolis is a natural product originating from life activity of honeybees. It exhibits wide range of biological properties applicable in medicine, the food industry, and cosmetics. Chemically, propolis is a complex and variable mixture with more than 300 identified biologically active components. Propolis's many health-promoting effects are attributed to different biochemical mechanisms, mediated by often-concerted actions of some of its many constituents. Propolis is considered safe and biocompatible. Yet due to its intrinsic complexity, standardization of propolis preparations for medical use as well as prediction of e.g. pathogen-specific interactions becomes a non-trivial task. In this work we demonstrate a new physical mechanism of propolis action, largely independent of specific nuances of propolis chemistry, which may underlie some of its biological actions. We show that propolis-bearing surfaces generate an extensive exclusion zone (EZ) water layer. EZ is an interfacial region of water capable of excluding solutes ranging from ions to microorganisms. Propolis-generated EZ may constitute an effective barrier, physically disabling the approach of various pathogens to the propolis-functionalized surfaces. We suggest possible implications of this new mechanism for propolis-based prevention of respiratory infections.
Performance Analysis of 5G NR vRAN Platform and its Implications on Edge Computing

To date, the performance challenges of the emerging 5G virtual Radio Access Network (vRAN) are still unexplored though 5G is projected to be the predominant commnication technology. In this paper, we provide a thorough architectural characterization for the 5G vRAN and the Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) system in 5G era. The implications of the vRAN system and the performance analysis of the co-running vRAN and MEC system will provide beneficial guidelines for future access network design.
Learning from Nature: Bio-inspired Heterobinuclear Electrocatalysts for Selective CO2 Reduction

Biological CO2 fixation can inspire critical design elements when developing catalytic processes to convert CO2 into useful chemicals. Two recent studies report molecular catalysts for CO2 reduction to selectively produce formate and methane. The catalyst structures mimic the active sites of two CO dehydrogenase enzymes to uncover novel CO2 activation mechanisms and unprecedented product selectivities.
A multi-objective systems reliability approach for infrastructure design under aleatory and epistemic uncertainty

Abstract Robust structural design requires joint consideration of both aleatory (random) and epistemic (lack of knowledge) uncertainty. In a multi-objective decision-making context, aleatory uncertainties are associated with uncertainty inherent to the built environment, whereas epistemic uncertainties accrue due to imperfect representation of decision maker values. This paper presents a systematic decision framework for combining treatment of these types of uncertainties using the First Order Reliability Method (FORM). Probabilistic descriptions of the performance of various alternative structural design configurations are combined with decision maker defined utility functions (indifference curves) that are subjected to epistemic uncertainty, supporting assessment of the sensitivity of the decision analysis results to various sources of error. The proposed decision analysis model allows full and consistent representation of all relevant uncertainties, multiple decision maker utilities, alternative design configurations, and alternative decision criteria. A demonstration identifies the optimal of 12 alternative configurations of a nine-story office building with the decision variables of building damage and business interruption cost, casualty cost, and CO2 emission cost under aleatory and epistemic uncertainties.
Healing the Ozone Layer through Gardening Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 Pandemic has made a big impact to our society globally which transcend our economy to bigger changes like following the quarantine protocol set by the Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) which most of the provinces and regions in the Philippines was put into a strict quarantine protocol and most of the constituent are becoming more scared about the current situation. The Local Government Unit and Barangays should focus normally and come-up with a strategy to help restore our environment by imposing home gardening to their respective households that may also help our ozone layer heal faster. By implementing these projects led by their respective barangays it would be a greater impact to our community also to use recycled materials like an empty mineral water bottle and empty can that can be utilized for home gardening, by strengthening this project and work for the hand in a more collaborative effort led by our elected public officials from barangay and municipality it will result to the huge impact that may help heal our ozone layer even faster because of the current strict quarantine protocol set by the IATF. In this time of the pandemic, the National Government should also adopt this type of project to the whole Philippines that may adversely positively affect the stoppage of climate change and heal back our mother nature into its original form and taking the chances to work it out in this time of pandemic can help heal our mother nature even faster rather the usual processes.
Cosmological versus Intrinsic: The Correlation between Intensity and the Peak of the νFν Spectrum of Gamma-Ray Bursts

We present results of correlation studies, examining the association between the peak of the νFν spectrum of gamma-ray bursts, Ep, with the burst's energy fluence and photon peak flux. We discuss methods of accounting for data truncation in Ep and fluence or flux when performing the correlation analyses. However, because bursts near the detector threshold are not usually able to provide reliable spectral parameters, we focus on results for the brightest bursts, in which we can better understand the selection effects relevant to Ep and burst strength. We find that there is a strong correlation between total fluence and Ep. We discuss these results in terms of both cosmological and intrinsic effects. In particular, we show that for realistic distributions of the burst parameters, cosmological expansion alone cannot account for the correlation between Ep and total fluence: the observed correlation is likely the result of an intrinsic relation between the burst rest-frame peak energy and the total radiated energy. We investigate this latter scenario in the context of synchrotron radiation from external and internal shock models of GRBs. We find that the internal shock model is consistent with our interpretation of the correlation, while the external shock model cannot as easily explain this intrinsic relation between peak energy and burst-radiated energy.
Joy and rigor in behavioral science

Abstract In the past decade, behavioral science has seen the introduction of beneficial reforms to reduce false positive results. Serving as the motivational backdrop for the present research, we wondered whether these reforms might have unintended negative consequences for researchers’ behavior and emotional experiences. In an experiment simulating the research process, Study 1 (N = 449 researchers) suggested that engaging in a pre-registration task impeded the discovery of an interesting but non-hypothesized result. Study 2 (N = 400 researchers) indicated that relative to confirmatory research, researchers found exploratory research more enjoyable, motivating, and interesting; and less anxiety-inducing, frustrating, boring, and scientific. These studies raise the possibility that emphasizing confirmation can shift researchers away from exploration, and that such a shift could degrade the subjective experience of conducting research. Study 3 (N = 314 researchers) introduced a scale to measure “prediction preoccupation”—the feeling of heightened concern over, and fixation with, confirming predictions.
Flipped classroom versus traditional teaching methods within musculoskeletal physical therapy: a case report

Background and Purpose: The flipped classroom method is a popular way to use technology to assist with the delivery of educational experiences. Yet there is insufficient information regarding student opinions or outcomes about the flipped classroom method within physical therapy. The purpose of this case report was to describe student opinions and outcomes of the flipped classroom teaching and traditional lecture/lab methods of teaching within musculoskeletal physical therapy.Case Description: Thirty-six (36) first-year physical therapy students enrolled at a regional physical therapy program completed an anonymous internet-based survey regarding their impressions of traditional and flipped classroom teaching methods. Flipped classroom and traditional teaching methods were both used within the same musculoskeletal course. The survey was created to aid in planning subsequent courses and asked questions about student's preferred teaching method (flipped, traditional, or both equal) across a variety of categories. Student exams scores, using the same question bank, were compared to the year prior as a quantitative outcome measure.Outcomes: Twenty-nine (29) students (81%) completed the survey. Generally, students preferred the flipped classroom. Compared to the previous year, test scores for all content areas were similar (± 4%) except cervical spine which was improved (>10%). When asked outright, 28/29 students preferred the flipped teaching method.Discussion and Conclusion: Student opinions indicate the flipped classroom is preferable to traditional methods yet objective outcomes appear similar. Physical therapy educators seeking ways to improve the student experience using technology in the classroom may consider utilizing the flipped classroom method.
INACTIVATION AND DENATURATION OF PLANT VIRUSES.

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the inactivation and denaturation of plant viruses. Denaturation of proteins have been studied by the methods that detect changes in biological activity, in solubility, in molecular shape or size, or in reactivity of constituent groups. Viruses are nucleoproteins and their biological activity is believed to reside in the nucleic acid fraction of the molecule. A virus is, by definition, an infectious entity. Consequently, any study that purports to deal with the fundamental nature of a virus must be concerned, at least in part, with methods of assaying infectivity. The local-lesion method is by far the best that has so far been devised for plant virus assays. The chapter explains that thermal inactivation of several plant viruses is measured by the local-lesion method. The chapter discusses on the kinetics of thermal inactivation of the ribonucleic acid (RNA) of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The heat inactivation of TMV-RNA is caused by hydrolysis of a single sugar-phosphate bond. Because of the moderate heat of activation and negative entropy involved in inactivation of TMV-RNA, the process is considered to be quite distinct from inactivation of the TMV particle itself. Results of sedimentation and viscosity measurements on TMV-RNA partially inactivated by heat suggested that heat-induced breaks occur in random positions along the RNA strand. The chapter discusses the denaturation by chemicals. A chemical compound may inactivate a plant virus or it may prevent infection by virtue of its inhibitory action on the host. The effects of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on viruses are also discussed.
The Hard X‐ray Sky: Recent Observational Progress

The last fifty years have witnessed the birth, development, and maturation to full potential of hard X-ray astrophysics. The primary force driving the history of the field has been the development of space-based instrumentation optimized for getting the maximum science out of observations of high-energy photons from astrophysical sources. Hard X-ray telescopes are leading research in areas such as galactic diffuse emission, galactic transients, and active galactic nuclei.
Music-to-Color Associations of Single-Line Piano Melodies in Non-synesthetes.

Prior research has shown that non-synesthetes’ color associations to classical orchestral music are strongly mediated by emotion. The present study examines similar cross-modal music-to-color associations for much better controlled musical stimuli: 64 single-line piano melodies that were generated from four basic melodies by Mozart, whose global musical parameters were manipulated in tempo (slow/fast), note-density (sparse/dense), mode (major/minor) and pitch-height (low/high). Participants first chose the three colors (from 37) that they judged to be most consistent with (and, later, the three that were most inconsistent with) the music they were hearing. They later rated each melody and each color for the strength of its association along four emotional dimensions: happy / sad , agitated / calm , angry / not-angry and strong / weak . The cross-modal choices showed that faster music in the major mode was associated with lighter, more saturated, yellower (warmer) colors than slower music in the minor mode. These results replicate and extend those of Palmer et al. (2013, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 110, 8836–8841) with more precisely controlled musical stimuli. Further results replicated strong evidence for emotional mediation of these cross-modal associations, in that the emotional ratings of the melodies were very highly correlated with the emotional associations of the colors chosen as going best/worst with the melodies ( r = 0 . 92 , 0 . 85 , 0 . 82 and 0 . 70 for happy / sad , strong / weak , angry / not-angry and agitated / calm , respectively). The results are discussed in terms of common emotional associations forming a cross-modal bridge between highly disparate sensory inputs.
Human Impact on the Chinese Landscape

The Retreat of the Elephants An Environmental History of China. by Mark Elvin. Yale University Press, New Haven, 2004. 592 pp. $39.95, £25. ISBN 0-300-10111-2. Drawing on some 3000 years of written records, Elvin chronicles the impact of humans on the environment of China, paying particular attention to views and feelings of the Chinese toward their landscape.