cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cultural Mechanisms in the Exchange of Social Support Among Puerto Ricans After a Natural Disaster

In this study, I uncovered the dynamics involved in the exchange (or lack) of social support among a group of Puerto Ricans who experienced a natural disaster. I coded and analyzed 12 semistructured qualitative interviews. My analysis of the interviews revealed that a reported high degree of need was not associated with any type of help seeking from the respondents' social support networks. Relevant issues that arose in explaining the lack of social support exchanges were level of comfort in help seeking and cultural issues. My findings point to the importance of culture in shaping patterns of help-seeking behavior in the aftermath of a disaster. Two of the most salient cultural explanations as to why disaster victims were reluctant to ask for help from family and friends were the issues of confianza (trust) and pena (embarrassment). I discuss the results with reference to how they might help in planning and establishing programs to maximize help seeking among Latinos/as in an emergency situation.
A method for hatching the eggs of the aphid Schizaphis graminum

Techniques are described for the collection of fertile eggs of Schizaphis graminum (Rond.) on filter paper, and for the subsequent sterilization and incubation of the eggs under various temperature and photoperiodic conditions. 19% of the eggs incubated continuously at 16 °C in complete darkness hatched in 81 days after deposition. 45% of the eggs chilled at 6 °C for 40 days (starting 10 days after deposition) hatched in 71 days if the post-chilling incubation at 16 °C was completed in darkness. The results indicate a further enhancement in the percentage egg hatch and a reduction in developmental time when the eggs were subjected to a light-dark regime during the post-chilling incubation. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Schlupf der Blattlaus Schizaphis graminum aus Wintereiern unter Laborbedingungen Es wird eine einfache und effektive Methode beschrieben, die Eier von Schizaphis graminum auf Filterpapier zu sammeln, sie nachfolgend zu sterilisieren und unter verschiedenen Temperatur- und Photoperiodebedingungen bis zum Schlupfen zu inkubieren. Hierbei wurden folgende Resultate erzielt: (a) Inkubation der Eier in vollkommener Dunkelheit bei 16 °C fuhrte zu einem Schlupferfolg von 19% nach einer Entwicklungszeit von im Mittel 81 Tagen; (b) Kuhlung der Eier bei 6°C wahrend 40 Tagen (vom 10. Tag nach der Eiablage an) erhohte die Schlupfrate unter ansonsten gleichen Bedingungen auf 45% und reduzierte die Entwicklungszeit auf 71 Tage; (c) durch einen Licht/Dunkel-Rhythmus, dem die Eier nach der 40-tagigen Kuhlung ausgesetzt wurden, konnte eine weitere Steigerung der Schlupfrate und eine Verkurzung der Entwicklungszeit erreicht werden.
Role of Interface-States in the Reverse Bias Aging of GaAs Schottky Barriers

Forward bias capacitance has been used to examine the Au/W/GaAs and Au/Pt/Ti/GaAs Schottky barriers present in power microwave MESFET devices to see if interface-state generation plays any role in the previously reported reverse bias barrier height aging process. If a constant carrier capture cross-section is assumed, forward bias capacitance has shown that for samples strongly susceptible to aging (i.e. the Au/W/GaAs samples in this study) interface-state generation is taking place during the aging process. The validity of the constant capture cross section assumption has been tested by examining the I-V properties. For those samples whose reverse I-V properties were not dominated by thermionic-field emission, similar increases in interface-state densities were evaluated from the I-V characteristics for the degraded samples.
Pediatric lung transplantation.

Abstract Lung transplantation usually provides prolongation and marked improvement in quality of life in patients who would otherwise die from end-stage pulmonary disease. Many questions remain unanswered and important deterrents exist to long-term survival of these patients. Included in the list of challenges for the future are (1) means of increasing the donor pool by better donor identification, (2) use of adjunctive therapies that might not only enhance the quality of preservation but also extend the safe period of ischemia. (3) innovative strategies such as use of non-heart-beating donors and living donor lung transplantation, and (4) research into the prevention and treatment of OB. While gene therapy and other interventions are important opportunities on the horizon that might eventually preclude the need for transplantation, optimizing our current understanding of lung transplantation provides the only survival opportunity for patients who are incapacitated with a variety of terminal lung diseases. The spectrum of diseases being treated and the potential for rehabilitation not only separates pediatric lung transplant recipients from their adult counterparts, it also provides unique challenges and opportunities in what is a fascinating patient population.
THE IGA SYSTEM : I. STUDIES OF THE TRANSPORT AND IMMUNOCHEMISTRY OF IGA IN THE SALIVA

1. Five patients with congenital or acquired agammaglobulinemia, lacking detectable IgA in serum or saliva, were transfused with 1 to 2 liters of normal plasma. In 2 of these patients IgA was demonstrated in parotid saliva collected after transfusion, but in none of the 5 was salivary IgG or IgM found. This observation indicates the selective transport of IgA into saliva. 2. The observation by others of an immunochemical difference between serum and sahvary IgA globulin was confirmed. In contrast to serum IgA, salivary IgA is attached to a protein having antigenicity which migrates as a gamma1 globulin. We have termed this protein component "transport piece". 3. The transport piece has been found in an unbound form in the saliva of persons completely lacking IgA: agammaglobulinemic patients, ataxia-telangiectasia patients, a healthy person lacking IgA, and a newborn infant. Free transport piece still occurs in the normal child's saliva after IgA production begins. By adulthood there is usually no free transport piece in the saliva. 4. Heat-aggregated salivary IgA, like heat-aggregated serum IgA, does not fix complement. 5. Our findings offer support for the view that there is a distinct local antibody system for the protection of the mucous surfaces.
Modulator Bias and Optical Power Control of Optical Complex E-Field Modulators

We describe novel techniques for closed-loop control of inner and outer Mach-Zehnder (MZ) biases in a dual parallel MZ (DPMZ) optical modulator. We also present a new technique based on modulator bias dithers to monitor the optical power contribution of each RF data path. The latter is demonstrated in an I -Q power balance control loop. We show that the new control methods are extremely robust in presence of modulator non-idealities, such as finite extinction ratios and non-zero chirp. We also demonstrate these techniques to be largely independent of RF drive waveform characteristics. Mathematical derivations of control transfer curves are provided. These are supported by simulation and measurement results. Additionally, we present a simple technique for polarization power balance in a dual-polarization modulation format. Finally, we discuss some practical details related to the implementation of the control loops described in this work.
Reliability in MEMS Packaging

Cost effective packaging and robust reliability are two critical factors for successful commercialization of MEMS and microsystems. While packaging contributes to the effective production cost of MEMS devices, reliability addresses consumer's confidence in and expectation on sustainable performance of the products. There are a number of factors that contribute to the reliability of MEMS; packaging, in particular, in bonding and sealing, material characterization relating to operating and environmental conditions, credible design considerations, the techniques for mitigating intrinsic stresses/strains induced by fabrications and testing for reliability are a few of these factors. This paper will offer an overview of these factors with proposed resolutions to issues relating to the reliability of these products.
Women Administrators Negotiate Work-Family Conflicts in Changing Times: An Intergenerational Perspective:

Background:Concerns about work-family conflicts are becoming an increasing problem for women administrators. Yet these concerns have been overshadowed in the educational leadership scholarship, which has focused on barriers related to discrimination in hiring and promotion and lack of sponsoring and mentoring.Purpose:To illuminate differences and commonalities in how women administrators from different generations and racial/ethnic identities negotiate work-family conflicts.Research Methodology:A qualitative life course design was employed in this intergenerational study of 31 Black and White women administrators.Main Findings:The participants’ efforts to enact the multiple and competing roles of administrator, wife, mother, and caretaker proved to be conflicting across generation and race/ethnicity, especially for women born after the civil rights and women’s movements, who confronted a strikingly different gender context than did their older counterparts. To reconcile these conflicts, the participants e...
Asymptotically optimal data dissemination in multichannel wireless sensor networks: single radios suffice

We analyze the performance limits of data dissemination with multichannel, single radio sensors under random packet loss. We formulate the problem of minimizing the average delay of data dissemination as a stochastic shortest path problem and show that, for an arbitrary topology network, an optimal control policy can be found in a finite number of steps, using value iteration or Dijkstra's algorithm. However, the computational complexity of this solution is generally prohibitive. We thus focus on two special classes of network topologies of practical interest, namely single-hop clusters and multihop cluster chains. For these topologies, we derive the structure of policies that achieve an asymptotically optimal average delay, in networks with large number of nodes. Our analysis reveals that a single radio in each node suffices to achieve performance gain directly proportional to the total number of channels available. Through simulation, we show that the derived policies perform close to optimal even for networks with small and moderate numbers of nodes and can be implemented with limited overhead.
Metadata invariants: checking and inferring metadata coding conventions

As the prevailing programming model of enterprise applications is becoming more declarative, programmers are spending an increasing amount of their time and efforts writing and maintaining metadata, such as XML or annotations. Although metadata is a cornerstone of modern software, automatic bug finding tools cannot ensure that metadata maintains its correctness during refactoring and enhancement. To address this shortcoming, this paper presents metadata invariants, a new abstraction that codifies various naming and typing relationships between metadata and the main source code of a program. We reify this abstraction as a domain-specific language. We also introduce algorithms to infer likely metadata invariants and to apply them to check metadata correctness in the presence of program evolution. We demonstrate how metadata invariant checking can help ensure that metadata remains consistent and correct during program evolution; it finds metadata-related inconsistencies and recommends how they should be corrected. Similar to static bug finding tools, a metadata invariant checker identifies metadata-related bugs as a program is being refactored and enhanced. Because metadata is omnipresent in modern software applications, our approach can help ensure the overall consistency and correctness of software as it evolves.
Fully Automatic Road Network Extraction from Satellite Images

In this paper a fully automatic road detection algorithm is introduced. It comprises of pre-processing the image via a series of wavelet based filter banks and reducing the yielding data into a single image which is of the same size as the original optical grayscale satellite image, then utilizing a fuzzy inference algorithm to carry out the road detection which can then be used as an input to a geographical information system for cartographic or for other purposes that are in need. We use a trous algorithm twice with two different wavelet bases in order to filter and de-noise the satellite image. Each wavelet function resolves features at a different resolution level associated with the frequency response of the corresponding FIR filter. Resulting two images are fused together using Karhounen-Louve transform (KLT) which is based on principal component analysis (PCA). This process underlines the prominent features of the original image as well as de-noising it, since the prominent features appear in both of the wavelet transformed images while noise does not strongly correlate between scales. Next a fuzzy logic inference algorithm which is based on statistical information and on geometry is used to extract the road pixels.
Security versus Status? A First Look at the Census’s Gated Community Data

For most people, the term gated communities conjures up images of exclusive developments with fancy homes and equally fancy lifestyles. Much of the popular and academic literature on gated communit...
Pseudomorphs and associated microstructures of western Maine, USA

Abstract In metapelitic rocks of western Maine, a pluton-related M3 metamorphic gradient ranging in grade from garnet to upper sillimanite zone was superposed on a fairly uniform M2 regional metamorphic terrain characterized by the assemblage andalusite+staurolite+biotite+/−garnet. As a result, M2 assemblages re-equilibrated to the P, T, and aH2O conditions of M3, and both prograde and retrograde pseudomorphism of M2 porphyroblasts occurred. The type of pseudomorph and degree of development is directly related to the rock's position within the M3 metamorphic gradient, a function of its proximity to the Mooselookmeguntic pluton. Several ‘hinge’ zones occur in which the M3 minerals that pseudomorphed a particular M2 phase change. For example, M2 garnet was replaced by M3 chlorite or biotite, depending on its position within the M3 gradient. Similarly, in a transition zone between M3 upper staurolite and lower sillimanite zones, M2 staurolite was stable and shows M3 growth rims. Downgrade from this transition zone, staurolite was pseudomorphed by chlorite and muscovite, whereas upgrade, the pseudomorphs contain muscovite and some biotite. M3 pseudomorphs commonly retain crystal shapes of the original M2 porphyroblasts, reflecting relatively low regional deviatoric stress during and after M3. Although evidence for textural disequilibrium is common, chemical equilibrium was closely approached during M3. This study demonstrates for M3 that: (1) the pseudomorphic replacement was a constant volume process, and (2) fabrics produced by tectonic events can be erased by subsequent deformation and/or sufficiently intense subsequent recrystallization.
The comparison of paper- and web-based questionnaires in patients with hand and upper extremity illness

Background Questionnaires are often used to quantify the subjective aspects of illness such as disability, coping strategies, or symptoms of depression. Most questionnaires were validated in a paper-based format, but direct entry into a computer is becoming commonplace. The aim of this study was to assess differences in outcome of questionnaires pertinent to hand and upper extremity illness when they were administered in a computer or paper format.
Bayesian analysis of inconsistent measurements of neutron cross sections

The evaluation of neutron cross sections as a function of energy is fraught with inconsistent measurements. I describe a Bayesian approach to deal with the inconsistencies by probabilistically modeling the possibility of discrepant data and data sets with long‐tailed likelihood functions. Systematic normalization uncertainties in each data set are included by considering the normalization to be a variable with specified uncertainty. By characterizing its uncertainty with a mixture of Cauchy and Gaussian distributions, data sets that disagree with the majority of others are given less weight in terms of normalization, but still provide useful information about the energy dependency of the cross sections. I demonstrate the approach with data sets of neutron fission cross sections for americium 243. Samples from the posterior obtained with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique are used to estimate the posterior mean and standard error.
Parallel algorithm for multiple genome alignment on the Grid environment

The multiple genome sequence alignment problem falls in the domain of problems that can be parallelized to address large sequence lengths. Although there is communication required for the computation of the aligned sequences, the proper distribution can reduce the overall problem to a set of tasks to be solved independently and then merged. A parallel algorithm for the alignment of multiple genome sequences is described. The algorithm is experimentally evaluated in a distributed Grid environment that provides very scalable and low cost computation performance. The Grid environment is evaluated with respect to a traditional cluster environment and results are compared to evaluate the effectiveness of a Grid environment for large computational biology.
Gender Differences in Preschool Aggression During Free Play and Structured Interactions: An Observational Study

We observed 48 children from rural preschools (M=64 months old) in two different social contexts to test hypotheses about the type (relational, physical, verbal, nonverbal), contextual independence, and sociometry of girls’ and boys’ aggressive tactics. We predicted and generally found that (1) girls displayed more relational aggression than boys while boys displayed more physical and verbal aggression than girls, and that children received more physical and verbal aggression from male peers, and tended to receive more relational aggression from female peers, (2) behavioral observations of aggression corresponded with teacher reports of children's aggressive styles, (3) aggression observed during free play predicted children's aggressive styles in a structured setting at both the group and individual levels, and (4) aggressive tactics were associated with projected sociometric characteristics (dominance and peer acceptance).
RACK1 regulates integrin-mediated adhesion, protrusion, and chemotactic cell migration via its Src-binding site.

Mammalian cDNA expression cloning was used to identify novel regulators of integrin-mediated cell-substratum adhesions. Using a focal adhesion morphology screen, we identified a cDNA with homology to a receptor for activated protein kinase C (RACK1) that induced a loss of central focal adhesions and stress fibers in CHO-K1 cells. The identified cDNA was a C-terminal truncated form of RACK1 that had one of the putative protein kinase C binding sites but lacked the region proposed to bind the β integrin cytoplasmic domain and the tyrosine kinase Src. To investigate the role of RACK1 during cell spreading and migration, we tagged RACK1, a C-terminal truncated RACK1 and a point mutant that does not bind Src (RACK Y246F) with green fluorescent protein and expressed them in CHO-K1 cells. We found that RACK1 regulates the organization of focal adhesions and that it localizes to a subset of nascent focal complexes in areas of protrusion that contain paxillin but not vinculin. We also found that RACK1 regulates cell protrusion and chemotactic migration through its Src binding site. Together, these findings suggest that RACK1 regulates adhesion, protrusion, and chemotactic migration through its interaction with Src.
Groups, algebras, and the non-linearity of geophysical inverse problems

SUMMARY Mathematical methods from the theory of continuous groups are used to determine whether a non-linear inverse problem, in the form of a functional, can be transformed into a linear inverse problem. If such transformations exist they can be constructed from the solutions of a linear system of differential equations. An illustration of the methodology is given by the linearization of the functional relating basement topography to observed surface gravity. The linearized inversion of gravity data for basement topography is applied to observations from Yucca Mountain, Nevada. A 2.0 km step in the basement to the west of Yucca Mountain, corresponding to the Bare Mountain fault, matches the Bouguer gravity anomaly. The resolution and uncertainty associated with the estimates of basement topography indicate that the structure directly beneath the gravity line is well constrained.
FreshBreeze: A Data Flow Approach for Meeting DDDAS Challenges☆

Abstract The DDDAS paradigm, unifying applications, mathematical modeling, and sensors, is now more relevant than ever with the advent of Large-Scale/Big-Data and Big-Computing. Large-Scale-Dynamic-Data (advertised as the next wave of Big Data) includes the integrated range of data from high-end systems and instruments together with the dynamic data arising from ubiquitous sensing and control in engineered, natural, and societal systems. In this paper we present Fresh Breeze, a dataflow-based execution and programming model and computer architecture and how it provides a sound basis to develop future computing systems that match the DDDAS challenges. Development of simulation models and a compiler for Fresh Breeze computer systems is discussed and initial results are reported.
A Theory of Secondary Liability for Copyright Infringement

For the first time ever, the Supreme Court's seminal decision in Grokster permits the theory of secondary liability in copyright law to be rationalized. That case confirmed two important principles: (1) that secondary liability in copyright is a matter of federal common law; and (2) that, unlike primary liability, secondary liability depends upon the defendant's culpability or state of mind. The Grokster Court itself required a purposeful state of mind for the new "inducement" claim that it announced. Earlier decisions, including Sony, already had listed actual or constructive knowledge of others' infringement as an element of contributory infringement generally. Vicarious liability depends upon two elements: (1) the right and ability to control others' infringement and (2) a direct financial benefit from it. While these elements on their faces do not include culpability, together they permit a presumption or inference of culpability. If a business can control infringing activity, receives remuneration from it, and does nothing to stop it, knowledge of the infringement can properly be inferred or presumed. With this observation, all existing theories of secondary liability can be viewed as based upon various levels of culpability (purpose, actual or constructive knowledge, or presumed or inferred culpability). In that respect all can be distinguished from primary liability for copyright infringement, which has always been a strict-liability offense, independent of the defendant's culpability or state of mind.
Transitional care clinics for follow-up and primary care linkage for patients discharged from the ED☆

Abstract Objectives Transitional care clinics (TCCs) represent one strategy to facilitate follow-up and primary care linkage for patients with no regular source of care who are discharged from the emergency department (ED). We assessed factors associated with completion of TCC follow-up among these patients and characterized their subsequent ED use. Methods Retrospective study of 660 randomly sampled patients with a scheduled appointment to a TCC at time of ED discharge. Patient- and visit-level characteristics were abstracted from the medical records of these patients and linked to a state visit database to characterize ED use after referral. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with completion of follow-up and subsequent ED utilization. Results Half (50%) of the patients completed their follow-up appointment with a mean follow-up time of 6.9days. Non-English language (odds ratio [OR], 2.21; confidence interval [CI], 1.30-3.75) was the only factor associated with improved follow-up; however, patients who were homeless (OR, 0.42; CI, 0.26-0.66) had a substance use history (OR, 0.68; CI, 0.45-1.00), and those with more baseline ED visits (OR, 0.94 per additional ED visit; CI, 0.89-0.99) were significantly less likely to complete follow-up. After adjusting for demographic, clinical, and visit-level characteristics, patients who completed their appointment had significantly fewer ED visits in the subsequent year compared to patients who did not complete their appointment (mean, 2.3 vs 3.3 visits; difference, −1.0 visits in subsequent calendar year; CI for difference, −1.2 to −0.7). Conclusion Transitional care clinics represent a promising strategy to improve the continuity of care for emergency patients and may reduce unnecessary ED use.
Robust flood frequency analysis: Performance of EMA with multiple Grubbs-Beck outlier tests

Flood frequency analysis generally involves the use of simple parametric probability distributions to smooth and extrapolate the information provided by short flood records to estimate extreme flood flow quantiles. Parametric probability distributions can have difficulty simultaneously fitting both the largest and smallest floods. A danger is that the smallest observations in a record can distort the exceedance probabilities assigned to the large floods of interest. The identification and treatment of such Potentially Influential Low Floods (PILFs) frees a fitting algorithm to describe the distribution of the larger observations. This can allow parametric flood frequency analysis to be both efficient, and also robust to deviations from the proposed probability model's lower tail. Historically, PILF identification involved subjective judgement. We propose a new multiple Grubbs-Beck outlier test (MGBT) for objective PILF identification. MGBT PILF identification rates (akin to Type I errors) are reported for the lognormal (LN) distribution and the log-Pearson Type III (LP3) distribution with a variety of skew coefficients. MGBT PILF identification generally matched subjective identification from a recent California flood frequency study. Monte Carlo results show that censoring of PILFs identified by the MGBT algorithm improves the extreme quantile estimator efficiency of the expected moments algorithm (EMA) for negatively skewed LP3 distributions and has little effect for zero or positive skews; simultaneously it protects against deviations from the LP3 in the lower tail, as illustrated by distorted LN examples. Thus, MGBT generally makes flood frequency analysis based on the LP3 distribution with EMA both more accurate and more robust.
Effects of Crystallographic and Shape Anisotropies on Dopant-Carrier Exchange Interactions in Magnetic Semiconductor Quantum Dots

The roles of nanocrystal shape and crystalline anisotropy on carrier-mediated magnetism in diluted magnetic semiconductor nanocrystals have been examined in this work. A combination of density functional theory and analytical perturbation theory are used to investigate the electronic structures of Mn2+-doped nanocrystals of varied shapes and sizes. Density functional calculations are used to compute the magnetic exchange energies and to analyze the band edge splitting in these materials. To understand the observed anisotropic magnetism, we have derived a perturbative relationship between the magnetic exchange and nanocrystal anisotropy to illustrate the effect in an analytical and quantum mechanical expression. The first-principles calculations and the analytical predictions are in excellent agreement, and the anisotropic driving terms in the magnetic exchange are very well explained by the final perturbation equation.
Simultaneous Implant Activation and Isolation Formation in GaAs in a Single High-Temperature Anneal

Using void-related compensation in Al-implanted GaAs, high-resistivity isolation regions that are thermally stable to high temperatures (> 700 °C) are demonstrated. The high-temperature thermal stability of the isolation regions allows the simplification of device processing in which a single hightemperature anneal (e.g., at 900 °C) can be used to activate the implant dopants in the device-active regions, and simultaneously to convert the Al-implanted regions highly resistive for electrical isolation. Other advantages of using void-related isolation will also be discussed.
INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF SCHIEDEA LYDGATEI (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) IN TWO ENVIRONMENTS.

We compared inbreeding depression in hermaphroditic Schiedea lydgatei and its gynodioecious sister species, S. salicaria, to infer the level of inbreeding depression in their common ancestor. With measurements of selfing rates, this information can be used to assess the importance of inbreeding depression in the evolution of breeding systems in S. lydgatei and S. salicaria. Morphological and physiological characters related to fitness were compared for inbred and outcrossed S. lydgatei in high- and low-fertilizer environments in the greenhouse. Seed mass, number of seeds per capsule, germination, survival, biomass, number of flowers, and age at first flowering were compared for inbred versus outcrossed progeny. We also measured inbreeding depression in maximal rates of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and stomatal conductance to water vapor, traits that affect fitness through their influence on plant carbon balance and water-use efficiency (ratio of carbon gain to water loss). All traits except number of seeds per capsule in parents and survival showed inbreeding depression, with the magnitude depending on family and environment. High inbreeding depression is likely in the ancestor of S. lydgatei and S. salicaria, indicating that, with sufficiently high selfing rates, females could spread in populations. Hermaphroditism in S. lydgatei is probably favored by low selfing rates. In contrast, the evolution of gynodioecy in S. salicaria apparently has been favored by relatively high selfing rates in combination with high inbreeding depression.
A Nationwide Analysis of Pelvic Ring Fractures: Incidence and Trends in Treatment, Length of Stay, and Mortality.

Background:Previous studies evaluating the epidemiology of pelvic ring fractures and predictors of mortality are largely based upon non-US populations, potentially limiting their generalizability. This study sought to analyze trends of pelvic ring fractures and associated complications in the United States using the largest and most recent national data set available. The specific aims of this study were to determine whether the incidence of pelvic ring fractures changed over time, whether in-hospital mortality following pelvic ring fracture changed over time, whether hospital length of stay following pelvic ring fracture changed over time, and whether there are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, adverse events, or nonroutine discharge following pelvic fracture.Methods:The National Hospital Discharge Survey was queried to identify all patients admitted to US hospitals with pelvic ring fractures between 1990 and 2007. A cohort representative of 1 464 458 patients was identified, and multivari...
A Consequence of Cesarean Delivery: First-Trimester Cesarean Scar Pregnancy

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a serious, iatrogenic and late consequence of a previous cesarean delivery (CD), which may result in clinical complications throughout all three trimesters of the pregnancy when unrecognized or untreated. Its rate of occurrence parallels the number of CDs. If untreated it may progress and result in a live offspring; however, it is the main cause of morbidly adherent placentae in the late second and in the third trimesters of the pregnancy.
Research on Flat Crush Resistance and Processing Technology of Dual-core Honeycomb Paperboard

Dual-core honeycomb paperboard was designed to solve the conflict between cost and compressive strength of honeycomb paperboard.Based on the processing technology of single-core paperboard,the processing technology of dual-core honeycomb was determined.20 mm thick dual-core honeycomb samples was produced,which was composed of 110 g/m2 and 220 g/m2 paper core.The flat crush resistance was measured.The results showed that the flat crush resistance of the dual-core honeycomb paperboard has been substantially improved.
Resident physicians' opinions and behaviors regarding the use of interpreters in New Orleans.

OBJECTIVES: In academic medical centers, resident physicians are most involved in the care of patients, yet many have little training in the proper use of interpreters in the care of patients with limited English-language proficiency. Residents have cited lack of time and lack of access to trained medical interpreters as barriers to the use of professional interpreter services. The purpose of this study was to examine the usage patterns of interpreters and perceived barriers to using interpreters in New Orleans. METHODS: Subjects included resident physicians training in internal medicine, pediatrics, and combined internal medicine and pediatrics at Tulane University and Louisiana State University in New Orleans. A survey that consisted of demographics, short-answer, and Likert-scale questions regarding attitudes related to the use of interpreters was used as the metric. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 55.5%. A total of 92.4% of subjects surveyed stated that they had used an interpreter during their residency. Telephone services and family members were the most commonly used types of interpreters (41.3% and 30.5%, respectively). Resident physicians were most likely to use interpreter services during their initial history taking as well as at discharge, but use declined throughout patients' hospitalization (P < 0.001). Residents cited lack of availability, lack of time, and lack of knowledge about accessing interpreter services as the major barriers to using interpreters. CONCLUSIONS: Resident physicians training in New Orleans have experience using interpreter services; however, they continue to use untrained interpreters and use varies during the hospital encounter. Targeted training for residents, including interpreter logistics, may help increase the use of interpreters.
Current status and future prospects of transdermal estrogen replacement therapy.

New forms of estrogen replacement therapy must be critically evaluated and compared with current standard regimens. Advantages and limitations of transdermal estrogen administration are reviewed
Allergic disorders in the otolaryngologic practice.

The specialty of otolaryngology—head and neck surgery— includes, by definition, the care of the otolaryngic allergy. By combining medical and surgical expertise, the otolaryngologist should be able to more effectively manage the allergic afflictions of the ear, nose, throat, and head and neck areas. At the very minimum, the otolaryngologist must appreciate the importance of otolaryngic allergy diagnosis and management, and include allergy in the differential diagnosis where appropriate. If the otolaryngologist is professionally and physically equipped to manage such problems, the patient will profit.
Based on Quagga security routing and authenticated encryption integrated system

Safety equipment can be an effective solution to SPnet integrated network nodes increases, a corresponding increase in the point of failure problem. Security-one integrated system for the core software system, the integration of routing and authentication of security encryption system. Open source routing software Quagga, after the implementation of its expansion BGP / MPLS VPN capabilities. Using Netfilter technology, setting Linux hooks, vertical integration of authentication encryption software system, to achieve authenticated encryption function.
The role of the chief information security officer in the management of IT security

The aim of this study is to advance research on the position of the CISO by investigating the role that CISOs play before and after an IT security breach. There is a dearth of academic research literature on the role of a chief information security officer (CISO) in the management of Information Technology (IT) security. The limited research literature exists despite the increasing number and complexity of IT security breaches that lead to significant erosions in business value.,The study makes use of content analysis and agency theory to explore a sample of US firms that experienced IT security breaches between 2009 and 2015 and how these firms reacted to the IT security breaches.,The results indicate that following the IT security breaches, a number of the impacted firms adopted a reactive plan that entailed a re-organization of the existing IT security strategy and the hiring of a CISO. Also, there is no consensus on the CISO reporting structure since most of the firms that hired a CISO for the first time had the CISO report either to the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Information Officer.,The findings will inform researchers, IT educators and industry practitioners on the roles of CISOs as well as advance research on how to mitigate IT security vulnerabilities.,The need for research that advances an understanding of how to effectively manage the security of IT resources is timely and is driven by the growing frequency and sophistication of the IT security breaches as well as the significant direct and indirect costs incurred by both the affected firms and their stakeholders.
Differences in pressure pain threshold among men and women after foam rolling

Abstract Background Rehabilitation professionals often prescribe foam rolling as an intervention to augment other manual therapies or as a warm-up or recovery after athletic activity. Currently, there is a gap in the literature regarding how foam rolling effects the pressure pain threshold (PPT) among men and women. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the immediate effects of a foam rolling intervention on the ipsilateral agonist, antagonist, and contralateral muscle group PPT among men and women. Setting University kinesiology laboratory. Participants Twenty healthy adults (M = 10, F = 10; mean age = 27.4 ± 8.5 years). Research design Pre-test, post-test observational study. Intervention Video-guided foam roll intervention on the left quadriceps group. Main outcome measures Ipsilateral quadriceps, ipsilateral hamstring, and contralateral quadriceps muscle PPT. Results Within group comparison for men, revealed a statistically significant effect of time on PPT for the left quadriceps (p= Conclusions These finding suggest that foam rolling can immediately reduce PPT in the ipsilateral agonist, antagonist, and contralateral muscle groups among men and women. Future investigations are needed to determine the long-term effects of foam rolling on PPT among sexes.
Magnitude and sources of distress in mid-life adults with chronic medical illness: an exploratory mixed-methods analysis.

AbstractMost mid-life adults have at least one chronic medical condition (CMC) and are at risk for developing additional CMCs. Stressors specific to this life stage may contribute to CMC development by hindering healthy behaviors. The goal of this study was to compare sources and intensity of distress, as they relate to health behaviors, between mid-life and non-mid-life adults with CMCs. We utilized a mixed-methods approach by analyzing quantitative self-report measures of psychiatric symptoms and psychological well-being, with in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews to identify sources of stress in three cohorts of patients with CMCs (heart failure, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease). Between-group differences on self-report measures were compared via independent samples t-tests and relevant themes from interview transcripts were compared via chi-square analysis. We found that mid-life participants (n = 30) reported greater psychological distress (depression/anxiety) than non-mid-lif...
Insurance Status and Access to Urgent Primary Care Follow-up After an Emergency Department Visit in 2016.

Study objective We examine the availability of follow-up appointments for emergency department (ED) patients without established primary care by insurance and clinical condition. Methods We used "secret shopper" methodology, employing 2 black men to telephone all 53 primary care practices in greater New Haven, posing as new patients discharged from the ED and requesting follow-up appointments. Each practice received 6 scripted calls from each caller during an 8-month period, reflecting all possible scenarios based on 3 insurance types (Medicaid, state exchange, and commercial) and 2 conditions (hypertension and back pain). Primary outcome was the proportion of calls that obtained an appointment in 7 calendar days (7-day appointment rate). Secondary outcomes included overall appointment rate and appointment wait time. Results Among the total of 604 calls completed, the 7-day appointment rate was 30.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.6% to 38.8%). Compared with commercial insurance, Medicaid calls had lower 7-day rate (25.5% versus 35.7%; difference 10.2%; 95% CI 2.2% to 18.1%) and overall appointment rate (53.5% versus 77.8%; difference 24.4%; 95% CI 13.4% to 35.4%). There was no significant difference between state exchange and commercial insurance calls in 7-day rate (30.9% versus 35.7%; difference 4.8%; 95% CI –3.1% to 12.6%) or overall appointment rate (73.4% versus 77.8%; difference 4.4%; 95% CI –2.7% to 11.6%). Back pain, compared with hypertension, had lower 7-day appointment rate (27.6% versus 33.7%; difference 6.1%; 95% CI 1.0% to 11.2%), but no significant difference in overall appointment rates (67.0% versus 69.4%; difference 2.4%; 95% CI –2.7% to 7.5%). Conclusion For patients without established primary care, obtaining timely follow-up after acute care in the ED is difficult, particularly for Medicaid beneficiaries.
A landscape genetic analysis of swamp rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus) suggests forest canopy cover enhances gene flow in an agricultural matrix

Habitat loss and fragmentation pose a continued and immediate threat to wildlife and create a persistent need for ecological information at the landscape scale to guide conservation efforts. Landsc...
Toughness of Ferritic Stainless Steels

A comprehensive review of the factors fundamental to ferritic stainless steel toughness has been undertaken. Emphasis has been placed on the micromechanisms of fracture and their effects on the ductile-to-brittle transition consistent with the Cottrell crack nucleation model. The general effects of strain rate, plastic constraint (including gage effect), and grain size are set forth. The basic fracture behavior of body-centered-cubic metals, iron and iron-chromium solid solutions, is summarized. Primary emphasis is placed on the role of second phases in the ferritic stainless steel fracture process, and carbides, nitrides, martensite, α'-precipitation, and σ- and Χ-Phases are discussed extensively. The role of titanium and columbium as gettering agents for carbon and nitrogen is considered. The effects of cold-work are set forth and a brief outline is made of annealing guidelines for optimized toughness. Finally, the fracture behavior of welds and weld heat-affected zones is discussed and approaches to improved as-welded toughness are reviewed.
5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes and the pharmacology of migraine.

Multiple 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors have been identified in the human nervous system. A subgroup of these receptors, designated 5-HT 1 receptors, appears to be involved in the mechanism of action of acute antimigraine agents. This review summarizes data indicating that compounds with proven efficacy in the acute treatment of migraine are agonists at human 5-HT 1 receptors. Further studies are cited to support two possible mechanisms of action for the efficacy of 5-HT 1 agonists in treating migraine. It seems likely that a single 5-HT 1 receptor subtype may be found in the near future to be the final common pathway in the mechanism of action of acute antimigraine agents
Coherent-Instability-Induced Radiation

We explore here the possibility of using the coherent instability in a storage ring as the source of a coherent light. A coherent instability is always associated with a loss of beam revolution energy. If the cause of the instability is an evanescent impedance, for example, the RF cavity modes below the beam pipe cutoff, then the energy lost by the beam is deposited into the impedance source. On the other hand, if the instability is caused by radiation impedance [1], then the energy lost by the beam is turned into radiation that propagates around the storage ring in synchrony with the coherent beam oscillation. The radiation mode discovered by the authors of ref.[1] has a nonvanishing longitudinal component of the electric field. Hence, the radiation inevitably transfers energy back to the particle beam. If this feedback mechanism causes the amplitude of the beam coherent motion to grow, we have a coherent instability. The amplitude of the induced field will grow with the same growth rate.
Residual Stresses in Resin Matrix Composites

By embedding crystalline filler particles in resin matrix laminates during layup, strains that are transferred to the particles were measured by X-ray diffraction. In tensile tests of unidirectional graphite-fiber/epoxy laminates with Al particles between the first and second plies the X-ray strains increased linearly and reversibly with applied stress up to stress levels that initiated yielding in the filler. Residual stresses in the particles resulting from curing were found to be 5, -34 and -53 MPa in fiber, transverse and thickness directions, respectively, in a specimen dried 7 days at 50°C. Residual stresses in the resin were computed from tensile data and the residual stress data from the particles; neglecting transverse stresses, the residual stress in the fiber direction in the resin was computed to be 8.1 MPa (1.2 ksi). Differential thermal contraction from 177°C to 21°C of matrix and fibers in the absence of particles would lead to a prediction of 25 MPa (3.6 ksi); the former computed value for the filled composite was smaller than this presumably in part because of the inhibition of the contraction of the matrix by the closely spaced particles in the layer between the plies. The difference between the residual stresses in the lateral and thickness directions is also ascribed to this particle interaction. Residual stresses in Al particles of a quasi-isotropic (0, +60, −60)s laminate were not reduced by annealing either in the ambient or in a desiccator at temperatures between 50°C and 175°C; after annealing one hr at 175°C they were 42 and 40 MPa along 0° and 90° directions in the plane of the specimen, respectively, and −29 MPa normal to this plane. Diffraction angles were strongly influenced by moisture content, suggesting the method could be developed as a non-destructive test for moisture content. In quasi-isotropic specimens residual stresses parallel to the surface were tensile when the specimens were dry but were reduced to zero by holding about 150 hrs in 100% relative humidity at 50°C. Substantial stresses remain after 490 hrs at 50°C and 50% relative humidity. There was evidence that the stresses depend to some extent on the moisture history of the specimen. Correlations between the X-ray data and moisture diffusion data were made.
Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are well known sequelae of some malignancies but they have never been reported in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. A paraneoplastic neurological syndrome characterized by visual changes, glossal spasm and dysphagia associated with an invasive high grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is reported. Neurological symptoms resolved after extirpation confirming a paraneoplastic condition. Recurrent disease was associated with recurrent neurological symptoms and resolved after a complete response to combination chemotherapy.