cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mounting a Good Offense against Measles

More measles cases have been reported in the United States so far in 2014 than during any year in the past two decades. There are two major reasons for this resurgence: substantial ongoing circulation in other countries and vaccine refusal by some U.S. parents.
Teaching Team Behavior to Human Factors/Ergonomics Students, Part II: Specifics for Forming and Developing Teams, and Using Peer Ratings

Many Human Factors/Ergonomics specialists are members of work teams. To prepare students for teamwork, the students' educational experiences need to include team building exercises and experiences. As a follow-up to the 2004 HFES panel on teaching team behavior, this panel will address more specific aspects of teaching team behavior to HF/E students. In particular, the panelists will address the issues of forming teams, developing teams, and collecting and using peer ratings. The results of this and last year's panel discussion will be used to develop guidelines for effectively teaching teamwork to HF/E students. These guidelines will be disseminated through the Education Technical Group.
Factors Influencing Cosmetic Outcome of Conservative Surgery and Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer

A number of interrelated patient, tumor, and treatment factors influence the cosmetic outcome in the treated breast. The time course of the changes is important in reviewing the results of various approaches. Attention to surgical and radiotherapeutic technique should lead to good to excellent overall cosmetic results in the majority of patients.
Exergy Analysis Applied to Geothermal Power Systems

This chapter offers an introduction to the fundamental principles of exergy analysis, which is based on the Second Law of thermodynamics. It presents open systems operating in steady state. These are the applications encountered in all types of power plants, including geothermal power plants, once they reach their design operating conditions. These principles also may be used to assess refrigeration plants, air-conditioning systems, and many other common engineering process plants. After the basic working equations are derived, it examines some of the components usually found in geothermal plants to illustrate the use of these principles. Exergy analysis is the best tool for finding those elements within a plant that are most in need of redesign from an efficiency point of view. Exergy analysis relies strongly on the Second Law of thermodynamics. The study derives equations that express how closely a system comes to meeting thermodynamic ideality. The technique involves isolating the system (as a “free-body” in the language of mechanics) and performing an exergy accounting analysis. The system is assumed to operate in steady state with several mass flows into and out of the system.
Models of Coaching and Assessments

This chapter provides an overview of research-based assessments that are helpful in coaching families. To further illustrate the importance of assessments, readers will be encouraged to complete their own strengths-based assessments and familial assessments to help them better understand themselves as a coach and to provide practice on the use of assessments. Assessments reviewed in this chapter include Strengths Finder, Styles of Conflict Management, Styles of Decision Making, Communication, Interpersonal Strengths Model, Learning Style Inventory, Assessing Parenting, Keys to Interactive Parenting Scale, Relationship Satisfaction Survey, and more.
Practical Advice for Teachers and Coaches: Handling Acute Athletic Injuries.

Safety concerns are among the first considerations in the design and implementation of any curriculum. However, in the dynamic worlds of physical education and coaching, athletic injuries will inevitably arise, regardless of the proactive strategies in place. These situations will vary in nature, and the student's or athlete's risk of further damage following an injury could potentially hinge on the care provided by the teacher or coach within the first few minutes of the injury. Due to a lack of education and preparation, current physical education teachers and school-based coaches typically feel uncomfortable implementing injury management practices. Yet, physical educators and coaches have a responsibility to be trained in basic immediate care for acute athletic injuries. With ankle sprains being the most common form of athletic injury, this article will focus on preventative and reactive strategies for such an injury. Through proper planning, instruction and reaction, teachers and coaches can minimize...
Classic signs in head and neck imaging

Radiologists have long relied upon the use of metaphoric imaging signs to attribute meaning to disease or anatomy-specific imaging patterns encountered in clinical imaging. Teachers of radiology often employ the use of such signs to help learners rapidly identify the typical appearance of various pathologies. Head and neck (H&N) imaging is no exception, and as a specialty that deals with uncommon pathologies and complex anatomy, learners and practising radiologists alike may benefit from this simplistic, pattern-based approach. In this review, we present a compendium of classic imaging signs of H&N lesions, including signs related to traumatic, infectious, neoplastic, congenital, and inflammatory aetiologies found throughout the spectrum of H&N sites (temporal bones, orbits, paranasal sinuses, larynx, salivary glands, and neck soft tissues). Additionally, we identify potential pitfalls and detail critical clinical ramifications related to the rapid and accurate diagnosis of these pathologies.
Impact of political, societal, and local influences on mental health center service providers.

Individuals working in community menA lack of time for adequate training, inadequate resources for community-based tal health centers (CMHC) and the public mental health system experience a unique services, non-existent support for preventive interventions, and the inability to monset of stressors in their work environment. Many researchers and policy analysts have itor clinical outcomes confront service providers in the public mental health system commented on the changes that have occurred in community mental health since on a daily basis. They also can be uninformed or misinformed about the multiple the passage of the Community Mental Health Center Act in 1963 (Grob, 1994; political and social forces impacting the system within which they operate. This article Mechanic, 1994). Changes in funding and management of community mental health will attempt to describe the types of social and systemic forces that ultimately contribservices, restructuring of services provided, and changes in targeted populations to be ute to the pressures and constraints experienced by those working in community served have led to a number of changes in how community mental health centers opmental health, and to discuss the implications for staff education and development. erate within communities. All of these factors presently impact the experiences of Influences impacting service providers in the public mental health system take a CMHC service providers (Goodrick 1989). variety of forms and operate at different levels of society. It will be suggested below that this process is anything but rational David G. Coddington, Ph.D., is Assistant Profesand compassionate. Instead, numerous sor of Psychology in the Psychology Program at disagreements exist in the public mental Midwestern State University in Wichita Falls, Texas. health field between professions, agencies, Address for correspondence: David G. Codand levels of government regarding the dington, Ph.D., College of Liberal Arts, Psycholmission, values, and priorities that should ogy Program, Midwestern State University, guide the system (Mechanic, 1994). The Wichita Falls, TX 76308-2099. E-mail: david.resulting stress experienced by service coddington@nexus.mwsu.edu.
Implications of indicator aggregation methods for global change vulnerability reduction efforts

Composite indices are used to assess and prioritize mitigation and adaptation strategies for addressing the impacts of global environmental change. We evaluate different aggregation tools for creating these indices and their potential effects on mitigation and adaptation efforts. We assess the association of each aggregation tool with different types of trade-offs, risk strategies, and the resulting spatial and statistical distribution of their composite scores. Four aggregation tools are investigated (Weighted Linear Combination, WLC; Ordered Weighted Average, OWA; Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA; Compromise Programming, CP) using an example of vulnerability to flooding in the eastern United States. The choice of aggregation tool affects vulnerability outcomes, decision risk strategies, and the prioritization of vulnerability reduction strategies. DEA produces the highest vulnerability scores, representing a risk averse strategy associated with pessimistic outcomes. WLC implies a neutral and fixed risk strategy. CP produces a range of outcomes from neutral (equivalent to the WLC) to pessimistic, depending on its parameters. OWA offers the highest flexibility to adjust the levels of trade-off and risk strategy, producing a range of vulnerability outcomes, from optimistic to pessimistic. The units of analysis, when prioritized across the different aggregation tools, are more consistent for the top ranked units. However, the differences in rank become substantial as the selection threshold score decreases. To obtain better informed vulnerability reduction strategies, we recommend to (i) address how trade-off and decision risk are embedded in the aggregation tool chosen, and (ii) evaluate their effect in the prioritization of mitigation and adaptation strategies being considered.
The Potential Role of Atmospheric Bores and Gravity Waves in the Initiation and Maintenance of Nocturnal Convection over the Southern Great Plains

AbstractThis investigation explores the relationship among bores, gravity waves, and convection within the nocturnal environment through the utilization of measurements taken during the Internation...
Alternative Splicing: Therapeutic Target and Tool

Alternative splicing swells the coding capacity of the human genome, expanding the pharmacoproteome, the proteome that provides targets for therapy. Splicing, both constitutive and regulated forms, can itself be targeted by conventional and molecular therapies. This review focuses on splicing as a therapeutic target with a particular emphasis on molecular approaches. The review looks at the use of antisense oligonucleotides, which can be employed to promote skipping of constitutive exons, inhibit inappropriately activated exons, or stimulate exons weakened by mutations. Additionally this manuscript evaluates methods that reprogram RNAs using reactions that recombine RNA molecules in trans. Preliminary, but exciting, results in these areas of investigation suggest that these methods could eventually lead to treatments in heretofore intractable ailments.
Augmenting Fine Motor Skill Training with Haptic Error Amplification

This work compared two methods to augment fine motor skill training using haptic control, including techniques that guide (e.g., virtual fixtures) and challenge the trainee (e.g., error amplificati...
NP28 Childhood Obesity Prevention with Church, Extension and Academic Partners in an Integrated Randomized Control Trial

Objective Long-term goals: prevent childhood obesity through improved parenting practices along with home and church environments related to obesity; expand Extension capacity for community-engaged research and collaborative programming with faith-based organizations; enhance Extension strategies for recruiting and training community volunteers; and train future health professionals to provide culturally appropriate, collaborative, community-based health programs. Research, Extension and Education objectives support each of these goals. Description In a group-randomized design, 24 black churches will host nine-week Extension childhood obesity prevention and family financial literacy programs, in random order one year apart. Parents/caregivers and their children age six to ten participate in separate, complementary evidence-based programs offered by Extension and hosted by churches. Extension personnel teach adults and train congregation members to teach children. A committee of congregation members is supported to implement policy, systems and environmental changes. University students are involved in all aspects of the project. Evaluation Primary research outcomes include: parental self-efficacy for obesity-prevention behaviors; child self-efficacy for healthy food and physical activity behaviors, parenting practices related to food and physical activity; and the home food and physical activity environment. Primary Extension outcomes include Extension personnel self-efficacy and perceived partnership synergy related to collaborating with faith-based organizations. Education outcomes include: perceived student competence related to addressing health disparities, health education planning and implementation, and program evaluation; and student perception of the value of Extension for collaborative community-based health education and future career potential. Standard Extension program evaluation tools provide additional data. Conclusion and Implications Four churches (37 families) participated in the first year of the project and provided baseline data. The randomized control design presented challenges for Extension personnel who deliver the programs. Strategies for randomization were revised to inform Extension personnel of which program their church will receive earlier, prior to baseline data collection, to allow more time for preparation and scheduling. Research and church personnel are blinded to condition prior to baseline data collection.
Full Spectrum Simulation of Partly Cloudy Scenes

Spectral imagers which collect optical data from the visible to the longwave infrared (LWIR) may collect data under partly cloudy sky scenarios. To fully exploit this data, a better understanding of the influence of cloudy conditions on the collected data is required. Here we examine the influence of broken cloud fields on collected data by simulating a partly cloudy scene as observed by hyperspectral sensors which are collecting data both above and below the cloud deck. To perform these simulations, we have used the MCScene code, a high-fidelity model for full optical spectrum (UV to LWIR) image simulation. The MCScene simulation is based on a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo approach for modeling 3D atmospheric radiative transport, as well as spatially inhomogeneous surfaces including surface BRDF effects. The model includes treatment of land and ocean surfaces, 3D terrain, 3D surface objects, and effects of finite clouds with surface shadowing.
Temporal trends and geographical variations of peptic ulcer disease

The present review describes the time trends and geographical variations of peptic ulcer disease. The study of the epidemiology of peptic ulcer is a worthwhile scientific endeavour, because it provides the necessary background against which hypotheses about the aetiology of the disease can be tested. For individual subjects, the risk of developing peptic ulcer depends upon their date of birth. The risk of developing peptic ulcer has risen in generations, i.e. birth-cohorts, born before the turn of the century, and declined in all subsequent generations. The birth-cohorts with the highest risk of developing gastric ulcer were born 10-20 years before those with the highest risk for duodenal ulcer. The birth-cohort pattern of peptic ulcer disease is found to be similar in all European countries, the USA, Australia and Japan. In gastric ulcer, the birth-related risk involves all ages over 5 years, while in duodenal ulcer it does not start before the age of 15 years. Gastric and duodenal ulcer are both characterized by marked geographical variations that are similar for both types. The similarity in geographical variation is shared by both sexes and all age groups older than 5 or 15 years in case of gastric and duodenal ulcer, respectively. The existence of a birth-cohort phenomenon implies that exogenous risk factors are responsible for the occurrence of peptic ulcer and that subjects are exposed to these risk factors during a limited period of their childhood or early adulthood. As the amount of exposure changes over time, consecutive generations come to reflect the varying amounts of exposure and risk for developing the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Parallel modeling of pain and depression in prediction of relapse during buprenorphine and naloxone treatment: A finite mixture model.

Abstract Background Relapse is common in treatment for opioid use disorders (OUDs). Pain and depression often co-occur during OUD treatment, yet little is known about how they influence relapse among patients with a primary diagnosis of prescription opioid use disorder (POUD). Advanced statistical analyses that can simultaneously model these two conditions may lead to targeted clinical interventions. Method The objective of this study was to utilize a discrete survival analysis with a growth mixture model to test time to prescription opioid relapse, predicted by parallel growth trajectories of depression and pain, in a clinical sample of patients in buprenorphine/naloxone treatment. The latent class analysis characterized heterogeneity with data collected from the National Institute of Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network project (CTN-0030). Results Results suggested that a 4-class solution was the most parsimonious based on global fit indices and clinical relevance. The 4 classes identified were: 1) low relapse, 2) high depression and moderate pain, 3) high pain, and 4) high relapse. Odds ratios for time-to-first use indicated no statistically significant difference in time to relapse between the high pain and the high depression classes, but all other classes differed significantly. Conclusion This is the first longitudinal study to characterize the influence of pain, depression, and relapse in patients receiving buprenorphine and naloxone treatment. These results emphasize the need to monitor the influence of pain and depression during stabilization on buprenorphine and naloxone. Future work may identify appropriate interventions that can be introduced to extend time-to-first prescription opioid use among patients.
Eulerian thermo-mechanical simulations of heterogeneous solid propellants using an approximate projection method

Abstract We present a mathematical model that describes thermo-mechanical deformations and thermal gradients on the unsteady burning of a heterogeneous solid propellant. A scaling study shows that the deformations in solid at combustion timescales can be treated as quasi-static. The resulting thermo-mechanical formulation is formulated on a Cartesian grid and makes use of a weak form of Chorin-type projection method to deal with large difference in shear modulus of constituent materials. A one-dimensional verification study is carried out by comparing numerical simulations with those of an analytical model. In addition, convergence studies for a two-dimensional propellant sandwich configuration are presented for the stress, velocity, and reference map components. Finally, simulations are carried out for a two-dimensional random propellant pack and the time-averaged burn rate and strains are reported.
Elevated Levels of Lead (Pb) Identified in Georgian Spices

Background: Human lead (Pb) exposure can result in a number of adverse health outcomes, particularly in children. Objective: An assessment of lead exposure sources was carried out in the Republic of Georgia following a nationally representative survey that found elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in children. Methods: A range of environmental media were assessed in 25 homes and four bazaars spanning five regions. In total, 682 portable X-Ray Fluorescence measurements were taken, including those from cookware (n = 53); paint (n = 207); soil (n = 91); spices (n = 128); toys (n = 78); and other media (n = 125). In addition, 61 dust wipes and 15 water samples were collected and analyzed. Findings: Exceptionally high lead concentrations were identified in multiple spices. Median lead concentrations in six elevated spices ranged from 4–2,418 times acceptable levels. Median lead concentrations of all other media were within internationally accepted guidelines. The issue appeared to be regional in nature, with western Georgia being the most highly affected. Homes located in Adjara and Guria were 14 times more likely to have lead-adulterated spices than homes in other regions. Conclusions: Further study is required to determine the source of lead contamination in spices. Policy changes are recommended to mitigate potential health impacts. The results of this study contribute to a growing body of evidence that points to adulterated spices as a significant source of human lead exposure.
Reimagining Merit and Representation: Promoting Equity and Reducing Bias in GME Through Holistic Review.

This study aims to evaluate the capacity of a holistic review process in comparison with non-holistic approaches to facilitate mission-driven recruitment in residency interview screening and selection, with particular attention to the promotion of race equity for applicants underrepresented in medicine (URM). Five hundred forty-seven applicants to a psychiatry residency program from US allopathic medical schools were evaluated for interview selection via three distinct screening rubrics—one holistic approach (Holistic Review; HR) and two non-holistic processes: Traditional (TR) and Traditional Modified (TM). Each applicant was assigned a composite score corresponding to each rubric, and the top 100 applicants in each rubric were identified as selected for interview. Odds ratios (OR) of selection for interview according to URM status and secondary outcomes, including clinical performance and lived experience, were measured by analysis of group composition via univariate logistic regression. Relative to Traditional, Holistic Review significantly increased the odds of URM applicant selection for interview (TR-OR: 0.35 vs HR-OR: 0.84, p < 0.01). Assigning value to lived experience and de-emphasizing USMLE STEP1 scores contributed to the significant changes in odds ratio of interview selection for URM applicants. Traditional interview selection methods systematically exclude URM applicants from consideration without due attention to applicant strengths or potential contribution to clinical care. Conversely, holistic screening represents a structural intervention capable of critically examining measures of merit, reducing bias, and increasing URM representation in residency recruitment, screening, and selection.
Corrigendum to “Sigmoidal approximations of Heaviside functions in neural lattice models” [J. Differ. Equ. 268 (9) (2020) 5283–5300]

Abstract In [3] the solutions of a sigmoidal neural field lattice system based on an Amari-Hopfield neural field lattice model, in which the Heaviside function is replaced by a simplifying sigmoidal function characterized by a small parameter e, were shown to converge to the solution of the Heaviside lattice system as e → 0 , through an inflated lattice system which contains both of them. It was incorrectly claimed in the proof of Theorem 4 in [3] that the derivatives converge strongly in L 1 ( [ 0 , T ] , R ) rather than weakly. The proof is corrected here using the Banach-Saks theorem.
Classroom Contexts and the Construction of Struggling High School Readers

Background/ContextIn high schools, student readers navigate different classrooms, disciplinary domains, teachers, peer groups, and texts. Research suggests that through these ever-shifting contexts...
The New General Common Law: The Past as Future

This 2004 paper continues to work out the body of thought eventually more fully realized in my A General Theory of Governance (Wm & Mary L. Rev. 2013). An authorized draft of the 2013 paper is now also available on SSRN, replacing a poor and heavily cut transcription. This earlier work was written in preparation for an AALS section talk. It argues that Erie is better understood as a specific example of a more general underlying theory. By 2004 the need for better theory had become pressing, given late revisionist scholarship urging a return to pre-Erie understandings. The ironies of the revisionist position are discussed and understood as an attack on American legal positivism. Erie’s power rationale is stated in more general terms, and Erie is understood as a requirement of due process.
A call for direct sequencing of full-length RNAs to identify all modifications.

For most organisms, DNA sequences are available, but the complete RNA sequences are not. Here, we call for technologies to sequence full-length RNAs with all their modifications.
Assessing physical and environmental predictors of bovine Schistosoma japonicum infection in rural China

Background Bovines have been repeatedly highlighted as a major reservoir for human Schistosoma japonicum infection in rural farming villages in China. However, little is known about the individual and environmental risk factors for bovine schistosomiasis infection. The current body of literature on individual-level risk factors features inconsistent, and sometimes contradictory results, and to date, few studies have assessed the broader environmental conditions that predict bovine schistosomiasis. Methodology/Principal Findings Using data collected as a part of a longitudinal study in 39 rural villages in Sichuan, China from 2007 to 2016, we aimed to identifying the strongest individual, household and village-level predictors of bovine S. japonicum infection. Candidate predictors for this assessment included: 1) physical/biological characteristics of bovines, 2) potential human sources of environmental schistosomes, 3) socio-economic indicators, 4) potential animal reservoirs, and 5) agricultural risk factors. A Random Forests machine learning approach was used to determine which of our candidate predictors serve as the best predictors of bovine schistosomiasis infection in each survey year. Of the five categories of predictors, high-risk agricultural practices and animal reservoirs, specifically, bovine density at the village-level, were repeatedly found to be among the top predictors of bovine S. japonicum infection. Conclusion/Significance Our findings highlight the potential utility of presumptively treating bovines residing in villages and households that engage in high-risk agricultural practices, or bovines belonging to villages with particularly high levels of bovine ownership. Additionally, village-level predictors were stronger predictors of bovine infection than household-level predictors, suggesting future investigations and interventions may need to apply a broad ecological lens in order to successfully extricate and address environmental sources of ongoing transmission.
America's Constitutional Contradictions

Professor Richard Albert’s article, America’s Amoral Constitution describes the paradox of the U.S. Constitution as a document whose value neutrality is both the font of democratic legitimacy and a threat to the preconditions of liberal democracy. He suggests that the absence of constraints on the amending power of the people renders a constitution amoral even if the democracy itself meets liberal preconditions. Professor Albert’s definition of constitutional morality seems to require a localized version of Cass Sunstein’s “internal morality” of democracy. There must be some defining features of the local democracy without which it would no longer be cognizable as the local democracy; only then is the morality of a constitution implicated. For Professor Albert, “moral” constitutions are those that protect the internal morality of their democracies through “unamendability” provisions. Moral constitutions thus contain within them substantive limitations, not only on the individual laws a legislature can pass, but also on ways the people can revise their existing democratic government. Professor Albert’s description of America’s constitution as amoral rests on its lack of unamendability provisions protecting the core tenets of our democracy. I do not take issue with this framing, but where Professor Albert sees a deliberate choice to have an amoral Constitution across all of U.S. history, I see an amorality that is the result of efforts to navigate the contradictions of American history. The Americans who wrote and ratified the Constitution privileged democratic legitimacy while simultaneously founding an apartheid state that violated the preconditions of liberal democracy. In doing so, the Founders created an America that was neither fish nor fowl, with high republican ideals co-existing with the everyday reality of the most inhuman oppression. Thus, I view the current amorality of the Constitution as a mid-point in the complex constitutional history that began with the immorality of slavery and that may yet end with an unamendable commitment to racial equality. In this Response, I suggest that America’s amoral Constitution is not a free-standing original choice but rather is the product of the nation’s inability to resolve its substantive and procedural self-contradictions: the contradiction between the moral values of the Declaration of Independence (“the Declaration”) and the immorality of slavery, the contradiction between de facto white supremacy and de jure racial equality, and the contradiction of constitution creation by amendment.
User-centered design and evaluation of a concurrent voice communication and media sharing application

This paper describes two user-centered studies undertaken in the development of a concurrent group voice and media sharing application. The first used paper prototyping to identify the user values relating to a number of functional capabilities. These results informed the development of a prototype application, which was ported to a 3G handset and evaluated in the second study using a conjoint analysis approach. Results indicated that concurrent photo sharing was of high user value, while the value of video sharing was limited by established mental models of file sharing. Overall higher ratings were found among female subjects and among less technologically aware subjects and most media sharing would be with those who are close and trusted. This, and other results suggest that the reinforcement of social connections, spontaneity and emotional communications would be important user objectives of such a media sharing application.
Software Tools for Uncertain Reasoning: An Introduction

The three papers in this section address a common thread: the development of operable software systems which do reasoning under uncertainty. It is clear that such systems will necessarily be embedded within a larger mosaic of system design issues than are typically addressed in research forums on uncertainty in artificial intelligence. Each paper in this section provides its own perspective on issues of development, delivery, and integration. The paper by Bonissone discusses the Dynamic Classification Problem and in rapid fire addresses a host of issues associated with developing and deploying an uncertain reasoning system. The paper by Booker et. al. also examines development of a classification problem solver (BaRT) from a Bayesian perspective. Like Bonissone, the BaRT team recognizes the need for integrating multiple representations in the reasoner. The final paper in this section by Bradshaw et. al. addresses integration of a knowledge acquisition tool into a decision analysis environment. This paper also begins to address the issue of model-building in uncertain reasoning system based on the preferences, information, and alternatives of a specific user and problem instance.
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: vascular determinates for operative complications and tumor recurrence.

Objectives/Hypothesis Operative complications and tumor recurrence in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) are measurable and meaningful outcomes. This study aimed to assess the association of these two outcomes to various clinical indices and in particular, vascular determinates. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods An 18-year retrospective chart review of an academic tertiary center was undertaken. Data from clinical notes, imaging studies, and arteriograms were analyzed. Results Thirty-seven male (mean age, 14.4 years) patients were included in the study. Tumor stages included: IA (three), IB (three), IIA (14), IIB (three), IIC (five), IIIA (five), and IIIB (four). Four complications (cerebrospinal fluid leak, cerebral vascular accident, and two transient ocular defects) occurred. Eight recurrences occurred within 24 months following surgery. Complications were associated with estimated intraoperative blood loss (EBL) (P = .045). Tumor recurrence was associated with feeding vessels from the contralateral internal carotid artery (ICA) (P = .017). EBL was significantly associated with surgical technique used. EBL, tumor stage, and tumor vascular supply were significantly associated with each other. Conclusions Vascular factors were associated with JNA complication and tumor recurrence. EBL might affect complications, and contralateral ICA as a feeding vessel might affect recurrence. EBL was influenced by procedure choice and was interrelated to size and vascular supply of the tumor. This study bolsters the need to decrease intraoperative blood loss by preoperative embolization and use of endoscopic removal techniques. Furthermore, when branches of the ICA are found to be feeding vessels, greater surgical attention for a dry surgical field is encouraged. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 124:672–677, 2014
Social Services and Support for People Living With HIV and Their Families

As we launch our Volume 13 of the Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services, our attention turns to people living with HIV of various ages, family configurations, and settings. Our focus is on diverse ...
The 2009 Morris Hansen Lecture: The Care, Feeding, and Training of Survey Statisticians

The two volumes of Sample Survey Methods and Theory by Hansen, Hurwitz, and Madow (1953) have had great influence on the training and practice of survey statisticians. We examine current themes in survey sampling research and relate them to topics taught in classes on survey sampling. We discuss other aspects of university training and background that may help the survey statistician thrive in and adapt to a variety of environments.
Thermodynamics of technetium: reconciling theory and experiment using density functional perturbation analysis

The structure, lattice dynamics and thermodynamic properties of bulk technetium were investigated within the framework of density functional theory. The phonon density of states spectrum computed with density functional perturbation theory closely matches inelastic coherent neutron scattering measurements. The thermal properties of technetium were derived from phonon frequencies calculated within the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA), which introduces a volume dependence of phonon frequencies as a part of the anharmonic effect. The predicted thermal expansion and isobaric heat capacity of technetium are in excellent agreement with available experimental data for temperatures up to ∼1600 K.
Trajectories of Suicidal Ideation from Sixth through Tenth Grades in Predicting Suicide Attempts in Young Adulthood in an Urban African American Cohort

The trajectory of suicidal ideation across early adolescence may inform the timing of suicide prevention program implementation. This study aimed to identify developmental trajectories of suicidal ideation among an urban cohort of community-residing African Americans (AA) longitudinally followed from middle school through early adulthood (ages 11-19 years). Subtypes based on the developmental course of suicidal ideation from late childhood through mid-adolescence were identified using longitudinal latent class analysis (LLCA) with 581 AA adolescents (52.7% male; 71.1% free or reduced school meals). The developmental trajectories of suicidal ideation were then used to predict suicide attempts in young adulthood. Our LLCA indicated two subtypes (i.e., ideators and nonideators), with 8% of the sample in the ideator class. This trajectory class shows a peak of suicidal ideation in seventh grade and a steady decline in ideation in subsequent grades. Additionally, suicidal ideation trajectories significantly predicted suicide attempt. RESULTS of these analyses suggest the need for suicide prevention approaches prior to high school for AA youth. Language: en
Management of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules

The workup and management of the solitary pulmonary nodule is an increasingly common and confounding clinical problem for which a uniformly accepted approach has yet to be established. Conventional radiologic literature has suggested a number of imaging characteristics of nodules such as size, cavitation, growth rate, and margin morphology to guide the physician in clinical management. More recent literature emphasizes nodule attenuation, as well as size, growth, etc., in correlation with patient risk factors for disease to guide the most appropriate course of follow-up. Risk factors include age greater than 35 years, smoking history, occupational exposures, and history of malignancy. In this chapter, based on a review of the established recommendations and the authors’ clinical experiences, an approach to the management of the solitary pulmonary nodule is put forth.
Restricted diffusion of methyl groups in proteins revealed by deuteron NMR: manifestation of intra-well dynamics.

The three-site hops of methyl groups are usually used as an approximation of the mechanistic description of motions responsible for the longitudinal NMR relaxation. Distinguishing between three-site hops and a more realistic mechanism of diffusion in a potential requires extended experimental and computational analysis. In order to achieve this goal, in this work the restricted diffusion is decomposed into two independent modes, namely, the jumps between potential wells and intra-well fluctuations, assuming time scale separation between these modes. This approach allows us to explain the rise in the theoretical value of T1 minimum for the restricted diffusion mechanism compared with the three-site hops mechanism via rescaling the three-site hops correlation function by the order parameter of intra-well motions. The main result of the paper is that, in general, intra-well dynamics can be visible in NMR even in the limit of large barrier heights in contrast to the common view that this limit converges to th...
Energy-Based Mechanical Model for Mixed Mode Failure of Laminated Composites

A nonlinear elastic foundation model has been developed to predict the mixed-mode (modes I and II) delamination failure of laminated composites. Two types of nonlinear elastic foundations were used to represent pure mode I and pure mode II components of the material failure ahead of the crack tip. One is a tension spring foundation for mode I component and the other is a shear spring foundation to represent the mode II component. Each spring foundation was characterized based on the linear elastic two-dimensional asymptotic solution of the strain field ahead of the crack tip and appropriate nonlinear constitutive laws. To predict the onset of crack propagation, the model employed an energy criterion as a failure condition derived from experimental trends of mixed-mode failure of laminated composites. Mode I, mode II, and mixed-mode fracture tests were performed to investigate the validity of the current model. A finite element was developed and incorporated into a computer code to simulate laboratory fracture tests, utilizing Timoshenko's first-order shear beam theory and a nonlinear constitutive law. The current model predicted the experimental results of load vs displacement curves closely. It also exhibited a satisfactory mode separation capability and was able to predict mode mixture results available in the literature.
On Cyclically Resolvable Cyclic Steiner 2-Designs

In this article, we present a direct construction for cyclically resolvable cyclic Steiner 2-designs which is applicable irrespective of the parity of the block size. As an example, by using Weil's theorem on character sums, this construction gives an infinite series of cyclically resolvable cyclic Steiner 2-designs with block size 4 on 4ppoints, wherep=12t+1 is a prime greater than 22581507 andtis odd. With the aid of a computer and some ad hoc constructions, we show that such designs exist also for primes less than 22581507. By applying a known recursive method, we construct other cyclically resolvable cyclic Steiner 2-designs with block size 4 on 4qpoints, whereqis a product of primes of the form 12t+1 andtis odd.
Ultra-Low Resistance Ohmic Contacts to InGaAs/InP

An extremely low in situ metal contacts can be formed to (In,Ga)As on InP. it is also possible to form ultra low resistance ex situ contacts by improved surface treatment. However, unlike in situ contacts, ex situ contacts are very sensitive to surface preparation. Similar contact resistivities to InAs on GaAs were reported by Nittono et al. This is the first time such low metal-semiconductor contacts have been demonstrated in In0.53Ga0.47As system that does not deteriorate at least upto 500 degC. These thermally stable, extremely low resistances, ohmic contacts are an enabling technology for THz bandwidth InGaAs/InP HBTs, mm wave InGaAs HEMT technologies, and the evolving III-V MOSFET technologies.
Hyperspherical Harmonics for Tetraatomic Systems. 2. The Weak Interaction Region

Hyperspherical harmonics as functions of hyperspherical coordinates appropriate for describing the weak interaction region of nuclear configuration space of tetraatomic systems are derived. They constitute an efficient basis set for calculating the corresponding local hyperspherical surface functions that avoid overcompleteness problems. Together with the hyperspherical harmonics for the strong interaction region of that space obtained previously, they should permit efficient benchmark-quality calculations of state-to-state differential and integral cross sections for those systems.
Mutagens in a river heavily polluted with paper recycling wastes: Results of field and laboratory mutagen assays

Paper recycling industries generate considerable quantities of waterborne wastes, and thus water pollution constitutes the greatest environmental problem associated with this industrial activity [Hunt and Franklin, 1973]. Generally the impact of this water pollution is considered in terms of aesthetic blight and deterioration of water quality. We present data that document another aspect of this pollution, the environmental contamination of an aquatic ecosystem with mutagenic materials. A natural population of the fern Osmunda regalis growing in a river heavily polluted with paper recycling wastes had a high incidence of chromosome mutations. This population was monitored for four years for the frequency of two-break chromosome mutations. These mutations were postzygotic in origin and suggested the presence of mutagens in the river water. The fern population is downstream from the outfalls of a paper recycling mill, which was discharging 13.3 ± 106 liters of untreated paper recycling waste per day. In 1977 a waste-water-treatment facility was constructed to remove the solid waste previously discharged into the river. This facility generates 69,300 kg of solid waste daily, which is taken to a landfill. Periodic samples of this solid waste were collected from the waste-treatment facility in the summer of 1978, extracted with various solvents, and the extracts tested for mutagenic activity with the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test [Ames et al, 1975]. A majority of the solid waste samples contained mutagenic materials, but in all cases S-9 activation was required for mutagenic activity. The samples also were assayed with the soybean mitotic crossing-over assay [Vig, 1975]. Four out of six samples were positive. These results document the presence of mutagens in the solid waste generated by a paper recycling industry and the genetic impact of these mutagens on the local biota.
Clinical Utility of Treprostinil and Its Overall Place in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease that leads to characteristic vascular wall remodeling and hemodynamic alterations. Consequently, this pulmonary vascular disease contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality in afflicted patients. PAH may be idiopathic in nature or associated with connective tissue disease, chronic liver disease, human immunodeficiency virus, congenital heart disease, and a growing list of other conditions. There are currently nine Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for specific PAH treatment. Therapeutic targets include prostacyclin replacement, endothelin-1 antagonism, and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition. This article focuses on the prostanoid treprostinil and explores its role in the management of patients with PAH.
The Game-Theoretical Approach to Organization Theory

Organization theory and game theory both are concerned with the interactions of the decisions of a group of people acting under given constraints. It herefore is reasonable to expect the existence of an approach to organization theory — or at least to some sector of organization theory — via the theory of games. As it happens, it appears that the application of the game-theoretical apparatus to the study of organization promises to be of substantial benefit to both parties concerned, — to game theory as well as to organization theory. One can go even further, it seems to me, and in fact assert (a) that both game theory and organization theory are in real trouble today, (b) that organization theory can be viewed as a very natural extension of game theory as far as applications are concerned, and (c) that by giving proper recognition to this intimate relationship between the two fields they are both likely to overcome their present difficulties.
Dopamine D1 receptor interaction with arrestin3 in neostriatal neurons.

Dopamine D1 receptor interactions with arrestins have been characterized using heterologously expressed D1 receptor and arrestins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of the endogenous D1 receptor with endogenous arrestin2 and 3 in neostriatal neurons. Endogenous arrestin2 and 3 in striatal homogenates bound to the C-terminus of the D1 receptor in a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pulldown assay, with arrestin3 binding more strongly. The D1 C-terminus and, to a lesser extent, the third cytoplasmic loop also bound purified arrestin2 and 3. In neostriatal neurons, 2, 5, and 20 min agonist treatment increased the colocalization of the D1 receptor and arrestin3 immunoreactivity without altering the colocalization of the D1 receptor and arrestin2. Further, agonist treatment for 5 and 20 min caused translocation of arrestin3, but not arrestin2, to the membrane. The binding of arrestin3, but not arrestin2, to the D1 receptor was increased as assessed by coimmunoprecipitation after agonist treatment for 5 and 20 min. Agonist treatment of neurons induced D1 receptor internalization (35–45%) that was maximal within 2–5 min, a time-course similar to that of the increase in colocalization of the D1 receptor with arrestin3. These data indicate that the D1 receptor preferentially interacts with arrestin3 in neostriatal neurons.