cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Adjuvant in Mediating Antigen Structure and Stability

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to probe the fate of a model antigen, a cysteine-free mutant of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme, to the level of fine structural detail, as a consequence of its interaction with an aluminum (Al)-containing adjuvant. Fluorescence spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to compare the thermal stability of the protein in solution versus adsorbed onto an Al-containing adjuvant. Differences in accessible hydrophobic surface areas were investigated using an extrinsic fluorescence probe, 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS). As has been observed with other model antigens, the apparent thermal stability of the protein decreased following adsorption onto the adjuvant. ANS spectra suggested that adsorption onto the adjuvant caused an increase in exposure of hydrophobic regions of the protein. Electrostatic interactions drove the adsorption, and disruption of these interactions with high ionic strength buffers facilitated the collection of two-dimensional 15 N heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance data of protein released from the adjuvant. Although the altered stability of the adsorbed protein suggested changes to the protein's structure, the fine structure of the desorbed protein was nearly identical to the protein's structure in the adjuvant-free formulation. Thus, the adjuvant-induced changes to the protein that were responsible for the reduced thermal stability were not observed upon desorption. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association
ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF POLYCRYSTALLINE YTTRIUM OXIDE, HOLMIUM OXIDE, AND ERBIUM OXIDE: HIGH-TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS.

The Young's and shear moduli of polycrystalline yttrium oxide, holmium oxide, and erbium oxide were determined from room temperature to 1000°C using the sonic resonance technique. The bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio were computed as functions of temperature for each oxide. The Young's, shear, and bulk moduli decreased linearly with increasing temperature, whereas Poisson's ratio remained constant. The first and second Gruneisen constants, γ and δ, were calculated from the bulk modulus data and shown to be virtually independent of temperature. The Soga-Anderson equation adequately described the bulk modulus data for each oxide.
Leiomyosarcoma of the small and large bowel

From 1950 through 1974, a total of 108 cases of primary intestinal leiomyosarcoma were seen at the Mayo Clinic. Most of these uncommon tumors occurred in the fifth and sixth decades of life, and more of them in men than in women (2.6:1). There were 73% in the small bowel, 25% in the large bowel, and 2% in the anus. Gastrointestinal bleeding and pain were the two most common signs at presentation, and they led to surgical exploration in all cases where they appeared. By the time surgery was performed, only 48% of the tumors could be resected with hope of cure. Within that group of cases, 50% of the patients survived 5 years, but only 35% survived 10 years, late recurrence being common. The histologic grade of the tumor affected survival strongly. Lack of recognition of the high late recurrence rate probably led to erroneous early optimism in prognosis.
Single-Crystal Infrared Fibers Fabricated By Traveling-Zone Melting

Single- crystal infrared fibers fabricated by traveling -zone meltingJ.A. Harrington,* A.G. Standlee, A.C. Pastor, and L.G. DeShazerHughes Research Laboratories, 3011 Malibu Canyon RoadMalibu, California 90265AbstractSingle crystal fibers of thallium, silver and cuprous halides have been fabricated by passing polycrys-talline extruded fibers through a small submillimeter melt zone, converting them to single crystal fibers.The lowest loss measured in a single -crystal fiber was 6.6 dB /m at 10.6 pm for AgBr, 620 pm in diameter and
Effects of antilipolytic agents and α-adrenergic antagonists on cyclic AMP metabolism in hamster white adipocytes

Abstract 1. 1. The antilipolytic agents prostaglandin E1, nicotinic acid, 5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, and phenylisopropyl adenosine all caused significant reductions of hormone-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in hamster white adipocytes. Prostaglandin E1 was the most effective agent, inhibiting 100% at 2.8 · 10−6 M, and 50% at 2.8 · 10−8 M. 2. 2. While the expected synergistic effect of caffeine on cyclic AMP levels in cells exposed to hormones did occur, with the addition of the inhibitors of lipolysis cyclic AMP levels appeared to be independent of the effects of caffeine. 3. 3. The α-adrenergic antagonists phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine enhanced norepinephrine-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in the presence of caffeine. 4. 4. In the presence of caffeine, phentolamine concentrations as low as 5 · 10−7 M significantly enhanced cyclic AMP accumulation stimulated by 3 · 10−5 M epinephrine or norepinephrine. Under the same conditions, ACTH- or isopropylnorepinephrine-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation was not affected until the high phentolamine concentration of 5 · 10−4 M. Effects of low concentrations of phentolamine were not observed in the absence of caffeine. These observations suggest a cooperative effect of phentolamine and caffeine on enhancing the intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP.
Singularity Analysis of an Extensible Kinematic Architecture: Assur Class N, Order N−1

This paper presents an analysis to create a general singularity condition for a mechanism that contains a deformable closed contour. This kinematic architecture is particularly relevant to rigid-link, shape-changing mechanisms. Closed contour shape-changing mechanisms will be shown to belong to the Assur classification because of the pattern of interconnections among the links. The general singularity equations are reduced to a condensed form, which allows geometric relationships to be readily detected. The analysis is repeated for alternative input links. A method for formulating the singularity condition for an Assur Class N, knowing the condition for a Class N - 1 mechanism, is given. This approach is illustrated with several examples.
Effects of social condition and estrous cycle on time-budgeting practices of female hamsters

The behavior of six adult female Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) was observed across the estrous cycle and under three different social conditions: female alone, castrated male present, and intact male present. When alone, females spent most of their time in bodily maintenance activities such as grooming, eating, and sleeping. Behavior did not vary across the estrous cycle and was remarkably similar to that shown by males housed under similar conditions. In the presence of either castrated or intact males, females spent more time engaged in exploration and less time in locomotor and restless movements than when alone. Sexual behavior and food hoarding were influenced by both social condition and stage of the estrous cycle. We conclude that some behavior patterns of females are influenced by social environment alone, and others are influenced by both social conditions and reproductive conditions.
Effects of Linking a Soil-Water-Balance Model with a Groundwater-Flow Model

A previously published regional groundwater-flow model in north-central Nebraska was sequentially linked with the recently developed soil-water-balance (SWB) model to analyze effects to groundwater-flow model parameters and calibration results. The linked models provided a more detailed spatial and temporal distribution of simulated recharge based on hydrologic processes, improvement of simulated groundwater-level changes and base flows at specific sites in agricultural areas, and a physically based assessment of the relative magnitude of recharge for grassland, nonirrigated cropland, and irrigated cropland areas. Root-mean-squared (RMS) differences between the simulated and estimated or measured target values for the previously published model and linked models were relatively similar and did not improve for all types of calibration targets. However, without any adjustment to the SWB-generated recharge, the RMS difference between simulated and estimated base-flow target values for the groundwater-flow model was slightly smaller than for the previously published model, possibly indicating that the volume of recharge simulated by the SWB code was closer to actual hydrogeologic conditions than the previously published model provided. Groundwater-level and base-flow hydrographs showed that temporal patterns of simulated groundwater levels and base flows were more accurate for the linked models than for the previously published model at several sites, particularly in agricultural areas.
Mite abundance and phenology on commercial and escaped hops in Washington State, USA

Abstract The abundance and phenology of two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) and its phytoseiid and nonphytoseiid predators, were monitored monthly on commercial (pesticide-treated) and escaped (pesticide-free) hops in the Yakima Valley, Washington over two seasons. Mean abundance of T. urticae for both seasons was generally low (2.8-27.7 mites/leaf) and did not differ significantly between commercial and escaped hop sites, despite application of up to four miticides at commercial sites. Miticide control of T. urticae failed at three hop yards in 1999 producing substantial populations (300/leaf) in August. Six phytoseiid species (Galendromus occidentalis, Neoseiulus fallacis, Typhlodromus pyri, Amblyseius andersoni, Typhlodromus caudiglans, Proprioseiopsis lindquisti), were identified with G. occidentalis and N. fallacis accounting for > 95% of phytoseiids sampled. Mean abundance of phytoseiids for both seasons did not differ significantly between commercial and escaped hops. Six nonphytoseiid pr...
Government information kiosks in the US and the Michigan Electronic Library

With the United States further along in terms of the use of IT for information provision, US information professionals have already addressed many of the issues that their UK counterparts are only recently facing. Perhaps we can look to their experiences for possible suggestions, as well as problem areas to avoid. Sue Davidsen is a 1995 recipient of the Paul W. Thurston Award for increasing access to government information through her role as creator and designer of GoMLink. In this article she outlines the history of the United States Postal Service kiosk project and the subsequent reaction of librarians, then goes on to describe the history of the Michigan Electronic Library, its development and strengths.
Strategic context for bank units: Comparing resource flows for Internet ventures and traditional branches

Abstract Theories about strategic context [Gupta, A.K., & Govindarajan, V. (1991). Knowledge flows and the structure of control within multinational corporations. Academy of Management Review , 16 (4), 768–792] provide an ideal venue for explaining internal corporate venturing (ICVs) [Burgelman, R. (1983). A process model of internal corporate venturing in a major diversified firm. Administrative Science Quarterly , 28 , 223–244. Burgelman, R., & Sayles, L. (1986). Inside corporate innovation: Strategy, structure, and managerial skills . New York: Free Press] of established corporations, by measuring resource flows between the parent and the ICV, as compared to traditional units. The four strategic roles of units include: Contributor unit, Independent unit, Implementer unit, and Integrated unit. Specifically, this paper examines Internet Banking ventures compared with traditional branches of traditional banks, and their role, resource flows, and corresponding strategic controls. Intraorganizational resource flows and strategic controls are critical for understanding product innovation in banks. The study revealed that staffing and norms and values seem to be the most critical resources for affecting the strategic controls corporate orientation programs, input control systems, and behavioral controls.
Hemoglobin and iron handling in brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage and the effect of deferoxamine on early brain injury

The purpose of this study was to investigate hemoglobin and iron handling after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), examine the relationship between iron and neuroglial cell changes, and determine whether deferoxamine (DFX) can reduce SAH-induced injury. The SAH was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats (n=110) using an endovascular perforation technique. Animals were treated with DFX (100 mg/kg) or vehicle 2 and 6 hours after SAH induction followed by every 12 hours for 3 days. Rats were killed at 6 hours, Days 1 and 3 to determine nonheme iron and examine iron-handling proteins using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. 8-Hydroxyl-2′-deoxyguanosine and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining were performed to assess oxidative DNA damage and neuronal cell death. After SAH, marked heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) upregulation at Day 3 (P<0.01) was accompanied by elevated nonheme iron (P<0.01), transferrin (Tf) (P<0.01), Tf receptor (P<0.05), and ferritin levels (P<0.01). Deferoxamine treatment reduced SAH-induced mortality (12% versus 29%, P<0.05), brain nonheme iron concentration, iron-handling protein expression, oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death at Day 3 (P<0.01) after SAH. These results suggest that iron overload in the acute phase of SAH causes oxidative injury leading to neuronal cell death. Deferoxamine effectively reduced oxidative stress and neuronal cell death, and may be a potential therapeutic agent for SAH.
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by CD16+ lymphocytes from HIV-seropositive homosexual men

We investigated the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic homosexual men with known time of seroconversion to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) specific for HIV. PBMC from HIV-seronegative and -sero-positive subjects lysed T (CEM) cells persistently infected with HIV to a significantly greater degree than uninfected CEM cells in the presence of HIV antibody-positive serum in a 4-hr 51Cr release assay. The response was mediated by CD16+ cells. ADCC responses were lower in PBMC of 13 men tested 9 to 25 months (average, 16.1 months) after seroconversion to HIV as compared with seronegative subjects, and were further decreased in 11 men tested 26 to 38 months (average, 31.6 months) after seroconversion. Decreases in numbers of circulating CD16+ cells appeared to contribute to depression in ADCC activity. The suppressive effect of HIV infection on ADCC effector cell activity may be important in the immunopathogenesis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Bacteriogenic manganese oxides.

Microorganisms control the redox cycling of manganese in the natural environment. Although the homogeneous oxidation of Mn(II) to form manganese oxide minerals is slow, solid MnO2 is the stable for...
Modulation of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neural bronchoconstriction in guinea-pig airways via GABAB-receptors.

Abstract 1. Evidence suggests that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its receptors are present in the peripheral nervous system. We have now investigated the effect of GABA and related substances on non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) neurally-evoked bronchoconstriction in the anaesthetised guinea-pig. 2. Bilateral vagal stimulation (5 V, 5 ms, 3 or 5 Hz) for 30 s, after propranolol (1 mg kg-1 i.v.) and atropine (1 mg kg-1 i.v.) evoked a NANC bronchoconstrictor response manifest as a mean tracheal pressure rise of 21.9 +/- 1.04 cmH2O (n = 70). The bronchoconstrictor response was reproducible for any given animal. 3. GABA (10 micrograms-10 mg kg-1 i.v.) did not alter basal tracheal pressure but reduced the NANC bronchoconstrictor response to vagal stimulation in a dose-dependent manner (ED50 = 186 micrograms kg-1 with a maximal inhibition of 74 +/- 3.4% at 10 mg kg-1). Neither the opioid antagonist naloxone (1 mg kg-1 i.v.) nor the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (2.5 mg kg-1 i.v.) had any significant effect on the inhibitory response produced by GABA (500 micrograms kg-1). 4. GABA-induced inhibition was not antagonised by the GABAA-antagonist bicuculline (2 mg kg-1 i.v.). 5. The GABAB-agonist baclofen (10 micrograms-3 mg kg-1 i.v.) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the NANC response (ED50 = 100 micrograms kg-1 with a maximal inhibition of 35.5 +/- 2.8% at 3 mg kg-1). The GABAA-agonist, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-C] pyridin-3-ol (THIP), also inhibited the NANC bronchoconstrictor response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On estimates of stress intensity factors for cracked beams and pipes

Abstract This paper presents a discussion and an extension of a method, advanced by Kienzler and Herrmann [ Acta Mech . 62 , 37–46 (1986)], of evaluating the stress intensity factors of cracked beams based on an elementary beam theory estimation of strain energy release rate as the crack is widened into a fracture band. Recently, Bazant [ Engng Fracture Mech . 36 , 523–525 (1990)] justified the approach taken by Kienzler and Herrmann as a good approximation by showing that the strain energy release rate for crack extension is closely related to, but usually not equal to, the energy release for crack widening into a band. This indicates that an additional factor needs to be introduced to improve the approximations. We show here that this factor can be obtained through asymptotic matching with standard limiting crack solutions. As an extension, we use the beam theory estimation to compute stress intensity factors for a circumferentially cracked cylindrical pipe in bending and tension and find good agreement with the exact solutions obtained from complete shell analysis. Applications of the beam theory analysis are under progress for numerous other crack problems of practical interest.
Object-based attention determines dominance in binocular rivalry

A question of long-standing interest to philosophers, psychologists and neuroscientists is how the brain selects which signals enter consciousness. Binocular rivalry and attention both involve selection of visual stimuli, but affect perception quite differently. During binocular rivalry, awareness alternates between two different stimuli presented to the two eyes. In contrast, attending to one of two different stimuli impairs discrimination of the ignored stimulus, but without causing it to disappear from consciousness. Here we show that despite this difference, attention and rivalry rely on shared object-based selection mechanisms. We cued attention to one of two superimposed transparent surfaces and then deleted the image of one surface from each eye, resulting in rivalry. Observers usually reported seeing only the cued surface. They were also less accurate in judging unpredictable changes in the features of the uncued surface. Our design ensured that selection of the cued surface could not have resulted from spatial, ocular or feature-based mechanisms. Rather, attention was drawn to one surface, and this caused the other surface to be perceptually suppressed during rivalry. These results raise the question of how object representations compete during these two forms of perceptual selection, even as the features of those objects change unpredictably over time.
Amino acids from cellulose reacted in radio-frequency plasmas containing hydrogen and nitrogen

Abstract In a radio-frequency plasma of hydrogen and nitrogen, cellulose placed between the electrodes served as the source of carbon in the synthesis of a water-soluble film which was deposited downstream from the electrodes. The nitrogenous material was analysed by multiple internal reflectance infrared spectroscopy, electron emission spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Analysis showed that the material was almost entirely composed of amino acids. Seventeen different acids were detected with glycine, alanine, serine, and aspartic and glutamic acids predominant.
Decay of metastable current states in one-dimensional resonant tunneling devices

Current switching in a double-barrier resonant tunneling structure is studied in the regime where the current-voltage characteristic exhibits intrinsic bistability, so that in a certain range of bias two different steady states of current are possible. Near the upper boundary ${V}_{\mathit{th}}$ of the bistable region the upper current state is metastable, and because of the shot noise it eventually decays to the stable lower current state. We find the time of this switching process in strip-shaped devices, with the width small compared to the length. As the bias $V$ is tuned away from the boundary value ${V}_{\mathit{th}}$ of the bistable region, the mean switching time $\ensuremath{\tau}$ increases exponentially. We show that in long strips $\mathrm{ln}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\propto}{({V}_{\mathit{th}}\ensuremath{-}V)}^{5∕4}$, whereas in short strips $\mathrm{ln}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\propto}{({V}_{\mathit{th}}\ensuremath{-}V)}^{3∕2}$. The one-dimensional geometry of the problem enables us to obtain analytically exact expressions for both the exponential and the prefactor of $\ensuremath{\tau}$. Furthermore, we show that, depending on the parameters of the system, the switching can be initiated either inside the strip, or at its ends.
Do's and Don'ts for Eliminating Hidden Bias

(1996). Do's and Don'ts for Eliminating Hidden Bias. Childhood Education: Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 36-39.
Culture, genre and the Māndūkya Kārikā: Philosophical inconsistency, historical uncertainty, or textual discontinuity?

Abstract Daniel H. H. Ingalls referred to Gaudapāda's Māndūkya Kārikā, a very early Advaita text, as ‘ ... the most puzzling perhaps, of all Sanskrit philosophical texts’. This article shows that some of the philosophical quandaries associated with this text are the result of inappropriately imposing a graphic and prose model of textuality upon a text composed in the kārikā (memorial verse) genre and in an oral cultural context. Developing a model of textuality consistent with the literary genre and cultural context, the article is not only able to resolve some of the philosophical problems associated with the text, but also raises the possibility that this inappropriate hermeneutical process has contributed to mislabelling Gaudapāda as an idealist.
Dynamics in Psoralen-Damaged DNA by 1H-Detected Natural Abundance 13C NMR Spectroscopy†

The dynamics of the DNA oligomer d(GCGTACGC)2 and the 4‘-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5‘,8-trimethylpsoralen−DNA furanside monoadduct (MAf) of this oligomer have been determined from NMR relaxation parameters. Longitudinal and transverse 13C relaxation rates and heteronuclear NOE relaxation data have been measured at natural abundance and have been analyzed in the context of the Lipari and Szabo model-free formalism. The generalized order parameters for methine carbons in the octamer sequence d(GCGTACGC)2 (UM) are relatively and uniformly high for the entire molecule. The generalized order parameters for methine carbons in the MAf are significantly lower for the deoxyribose bearing the damaged thymidine base and for the bases flanking the lesion on the undamaged strand, indicating additional conformational flexibility due to the lesion. The order parameters for the bases on the damaged strand flanking the lesion remain high. Analysis of the relaxation data indicates substantial chemical exchange for the adenosine re...
A long-term follow-up report on allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients with primary refractory acute myelogenous leukemia: impact of cytogenetic characteristics on transplantation outcome

Abstract The prognosis of patients with primary refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is poor. Our initial report suggested that some patients could achieve durable remission after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Herein, we update our initial experience and report further analysis of this group of patients to determine whether there are pre-SCT prognostic factors predictive of posttransplantation relapse and survival. We reviewed the records of 68 patients who consecutively underwent transplantation at the City of Hope Cancer Center with allogeneic SCT for primary refractory AML between July 1978 and August 2000. Potential factors associated with overall survival and disease-free survival were examined. With a median follow-up of 3 years, the 3-year cumulative probabilities of disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and relapse rate for all 68 patients were 31% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20%–42%), 30% (95% CI, 18%–41%), and 51% (95% CI, 38%–65%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, the only variables associated with shortened OS and DFS included the use of an unrelated donor as the stem cell source (relative risk, 2.23 [OS] and 2.05 [DFS]; P = .0005 and .0014, respectively) and unfavorable cytogenetics before SCT (relative risk: 1.68 [OS] and 1.58 [DFS]; P = .0107 and .0038, respectively). Allogeneic SCT can cure approximately one third of patients with primary refractory AML. Cytogenetic characteristics before SCT correlate with transplantation outcome and posttransplantation relapse.
FEEDBACK FROM MASS OUTFLOWS IN NEARBY ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI. I. ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY ABSORBERS

We present an investigation into the impact of feedback from outflowing UV and X-ray absorbers in nearby (z < 0.04) active galactic nuclei (AGNs). From studies of the kinematics, physical conditions, and variability of the absorbers in the literature, we calculate the possible ranges in the total mass outflow rate () and kinetic luminosity (L KE) for each AGN, summed over all of its absorbers. These calculations make use of values (or limits) for the radial locations of the absorbers determined from variability, excited-state absorption, and other considerations. From a sample of 10 Seyfert 1 galaxies with detailed photoionization models for their absorbers, we find that 7 have sufficient constraints on the absorber locations to determine and L KE. For the low-luminosity AGN NGC?4395, these values are low, although we do not have sufficient constraints on the X-ray absorbers to make definitive conclusions. At least five of the six Seyfert 1s with moderate bolometric luminosities (L bol = 1043 ? 1045?erg?s?1) have mass outflow rates that are 10-1000?times the mass accretion rates needed to generate their observed luminosities, indicating that most of the mass outflow originates from outside the inner accretion disk. Three of these (NGC?4051, NGC?3516, and NGC?3783) have L KE in the range 0.5%-5% L bol, which is the range typically required by feedback models for efficient self-regulation of black hole and galactic bulge growth. At least two of the other three (NGC?5548, NGC?4151, and NGC?7469) have L KE 0.1%L bol, although these values may increase if radial locations can be determined for more of the absorbers. We conclude that the outflowing UV and X-ray absorbers in moderate-luminosity AGNs have the potential to deliver significant feedback to their environments.
Energetic particle‐induced enhancements of stratospheric nitric acid

Inclusion of complete ion chemistry in the calculation of minor species production during energetic particle deposition events leads to significant enhancement in the calculated nitric acid concentration during precipitation. An ionization rate of 1.2 x 10(exp 3)/cu cm/s imposed for 1 day increases HNO3 from 3 x 10(exp 5) to 6 x 10(exp 7)/cu cm at 50 km. With an ionization rate of 600 cu cm/s, the maximum HNO3 is 3 x 10(exp 7)/cu cm. Calculations which neglect negative ions predict the nitric acid will fall during precipitation events. The decay time for converting HNO3 into odd nitrogen and hydrogen is more than 1 day for equinoctial periods at 70 deg latitude. Examination of nitric acid data should yield important information on the magnitude and frequency of charged particle events.
Zn solubility and Fermi energy pinning in InP and InGaAs : growth vs. equilibrium

Abstract The dependence of Zn concentration, N Zn , upon Zn partial pressure, P Zn , has been measured in InP and In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As after organometallic vapor phase epitaxial growth and compared with the equilibrium Zn solubility under comparable conditions. It was found that the Zn concentration incorporated during growth of In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As follows the equilibrium solubility, i.e. N Zn ∝ P Zn 1/2 . However, it was found that the Zn concentration incorporated during growth of InP deviated from equilibrium, i.e. N Zn ∝P Zn was measured, similar to what has been previously reported for GaAs. For both InP and In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As, the maximum Zn concentration was found to be consistent with previously measured Zn solubility limits. From these results, we conclude that at T =600°C, (1) the Fermi energy at the surface of the InP is pinned below the intrinsic Fermi energy at a value of approximately E i − E f ≈0.35 eV, i.e. E f is only modestly above the valence band edge, and (2) pinning of the Fermi energy at the surface of In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As could not be measured.
Trithorax is required to maintain engrailed expression in a subset of engrailed-expressing cells

Abstract We show that maintenance but not initiation of engrailed (en) gene expression in the Drosophila embryo requires trithorax (trx) , which is also required to maintain stable long-term expression of the homeotic genes throughout development. Like the homeotic genes, en expression is dependent on trx in only a subset of embryonic cells normally expressing en , including specific cells in the nervous system and the dorsal fat body cells surrounding the gonad. Loss of en expression in the dorsal fat body is correlated with the sterility of en females which also carry trx mutations. In addition, trx is required for normal en expression in the posterior compartment of the developing wing, reflected in enhancement of en phenotypes in en adults which also carry trx mutations. trx appears to be dispensable for maintenance of en expression in other embryonic cells. The trx protein binds to the region of the polytene chromosomes which contains the en gene, suggesting that trx regulates en expression directly by binding to the en regulatory region.
Comparison of the developmental effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (Foxy) to (±)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) in rats

We have previously shown that (±)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) treatment from postnatal days (P)11 to P20 leads to learning and memory deficits when the animals are tested as adults. Recently, the club drug 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT) has gained popularity. Due to the similarities between MDMA and 5-MeO-DIPT and the substitution of 5-MeO-DIPT for MDMA, the purpose of this study was to compare the developmental effects of these drugs. Within a litter, animals were treated from P11 to P20 with either MDMA, 5-MeO-DIPT, or saline. MDMA-treated animals showed increased anxiety in a measure of defensive marble burying, as well as deficits in spatial and path integration learning. 5-MeO-DIPT-treated animals showed spatial learning deficits; however, there were no deficits observed in spatial memory or path integration learning. 5-MeO-DIPT-treated animals also showed hyperactivity in response to a challenge dose of methamphetamine. The results show that treatment with either 5-MeO-DIPT or MDMA during development results in cognitive deficits and other behavioral changes but the pattern of effects is distinct for each drug.
Structural similarities within groups of pyridine nucleotide-linked dehydrogenases

Abstract If the pyridine nucleotide-linked dehydrogenases are related by evolution from one or a few common ancestral genes, it might be possible to suggest special evolutionary relationships among particular dehydrogenases by a comparison of structural and functional properties, even before extensive comparative primary sequence information is available. The dehydrogenases are compared using their amino acid compositions, isoelectric points, subunit molecular weights, and some functional properties. Amino acid compositions of dehydrogenases are tabulated per thousand total residues. The comparison of compositions is facilitated by using the difference index method developed by Metzger. The methods of comparison are evaluated using cytochromes c , proteases, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases. Glutamate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases appear to be similar in many respects and mutually distinct from the other dehydrogenases. Similarities also appear to exist among the low molecular weight dehydrogenases: liver alcohol, mitochondrial malate, glycerol-3-phosphate, and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases. The Metzger difference index suggests that the primary sequence homology between H- and M-type lactic dehydrogenase subunits may be very extensive, perhaps being 75% identical.
Assessment of Intraocular Pressure by Palpation

Purpose/Methods Corneal specialists may assess the intraocular pressure by palpation although this technique has never been validated. We explored the reliability of a tactile assessment of the intraocular pressure in comparison to Goldmann tonometry. Results/Conclusion There was little correlation between tactile assessment of the intraocular pressure and tonometry. However, palpation was moderately successful in identifying most eyes (five of seven eyes) with an intraocular pressure greater than 30 mm Hg. Although palpation was generally inaccurate, it may serve as a warning for marked increases in intraocular pressure exceeding 30 mm Hg.
A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: A molecular basis for odor recognition

The mammalian olfactory system can recognize and discriminate a large number of different odorant molecules. The detection of chemically distinct odorants presumably results from the association of odorous ligands with specific receptors on olfactory sensory neurons. To address the problem of olfactory perception at a molecular level, we have cloned and characterized 18 different members of an extremely large multigene family that encodes seven transmembrane domain proteins whose expression is restricted to the olfactory epithelium. The members of this novel gene family are likely to encode a diverse family of odorant receptors.
A Song to Remember Emerging Adults Recall Memorable Music

The present study employs a mixed methods approach to understanding the psychological functions and contexts of music use. Seventy-six emerging adults selected a single piece of music that they con...
Parametric analysis of optimal facility locations

We summarize recent results for parametric analysis of optimal facility locations and report on a number of solved and unsolved problems. We describe general conditions that yield tractable parametric analyses of location problems. We present a methodology for parametric analysis of tree network and planar location problems, as well as illustrative analyses for selected problems. Finally, we discuss current and promising research in this area.
Assessment of Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius L.) Prevalence, Control Strategies, and Challenges Facing Urban Pest Management Professionals in South Carolina

Abstract Bed bug infestations have been recorded in all 50 states of the United States and they were listed as the number one urban pest problem in 2010 by urban pest management professionals. The objective of this research was to survey urban pest management professionals of South Carolina about the importance and prevalence of bed bugs, types of infested dwellings, most common treatment strategies, and most common problems encountered when treating for bed bugs. Survey forms were distributed at the South Carolina Pest Control Association's annual meeting in 2011. Data were separated according to regions of South Carolina (upstate, midlands, and low country) for analysis. Ants and cockroaches ranked as the two most important pests in all regions, while bed bugs consistently ranked fifth in importance. Houses and apartments were reported to have the most infestations, and insecticides and mechanical removal were the most common treatment strategies. This information is beneficial to state agencies, pest c...
Service-oriented computing

Traditional approaches to software development - the ones embodied in CASE tools and modeling frameworks - are appropriate for building individual software components, but they are not designed to face the challenges of open environments. Service-oriented computing provides a way to create a new architecture that reflects components' trends toward autonomy and heterogeneity. We thus emphasize SOC concepts instead of how to deploy Web services in accord with current standards. To begin the series, we describe the key concepts and abstractions of SOC and the elements of a corresponding engineering methodology.
Differential Pathways to Preterm Delivery for Sexually Abused and Comparison Women

Objective Two distinct conditions, Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis disruptions and maternal alcohol use, have been linked to preterm delivery. These conditions have also been cited as potential sequelae of childhood abuse. Studies have linked childhood abuse to increased rates of preterm delivery but mechanisms explaining this association are unclear. Methods This prospective study compared preterm birth rates across offspring born to mothers who were sexually abused in childhood (OA; N ¼67) and offspring born to nonabused comparison mothers (OC; N ¼56). Results Preterm delivery rates were higher for the OA group (Odds ¼2.80 � 1.44, p<.05). Maternal prenatal alcohol use mediated this relationship, but HPA axis functioning did not. Heightened maternal cortisol was significantly related to preterm status, but only for the OC group. Conclusions Results support the hypothesis that childhood abuse is a risk-factor for preterm delivery, however pathways are likely different for women with and without histories of sexual abuse.
Distribution, egg production and growth of euphausiids in the vicinity of the Pribilof Islands, southeastern Bering Sea, August 2004

Spatial distribution, egg production and growth of the predominant euphausiids in the vicinity of the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, were studied during August 2004. Thysanoessa longipes was abundant in the oceanic water, aggregations of Thysanoessa inermis were observed both in the oceanic region and on the shelf near the Pribilofs, while Thysanoessa raschii was found near the islands. Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera occurred in much smaller quantities in the oceanic water. Euphausiid abundances on the middle shelf were several orders of magnitude lower than in the cold summer of 1999. The instantaneous growth rate (IGR) technique was applied to measure somatic growth. Juvenile T. inermis showed the most intensive growth (� 8% of dry body weight per day). In contrast, the somatic growth of mature specimens of both T. inermis and T. raschii was slow (o1% of dry body weight per day) suggesting the investment of resources into seasonal lipid deposition and reproduction. Egg release corresponded to an average of 1.1% of female dry body weight per day for T. raschii, indicating that enough resources were available for the animals to maintain reproductive activity. Our data suggest that the area near the Pribilofs, known for its high biological productivity, may provide a refuge for the shelf euphausiid population during warmer summers, when conditions on the shelf are unfavorable for their growth and reproduction.
Accidental Overdose of Tiotropium in a Patient with Atrial Fibrillation

Objective:To report a case of refractory tachycardia after an excessive dose of inhaled tiotropium.Case Summary:A 74-year-old male with atrial fibrillation was admitted for increased heart rate and shortness of breath. The patient's heart rate was initially stabilized between 80 and 90 beats/min with metoprolol succinate 50 mg daily. During hospitalization, he accidentally received 5 capsules of tiotropium 18 μg inhaled as a single dose (total 90 μg) and, approximately 15 minutes later, his heart rate increased from 80 to 160 beats/min. Over 5 days of hospitalization, the patient's tachycardia was difficult to control and he required multiple atrioventricular (AV) nodal blocking agents (physostigmine, metoprolol tartrate, diltiazem) for effective stabilization prior to discharge. On outpatient follow-up 11 days after the ingestion the patient's heart rate was in the 40s and the AV nodal blocking agents were proportionately decreased.Discussion:Tiotropium is a long-acting anticholinergic medication used to...
Does Aqueous Fullerene Inhibit the Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Escherichia coli

Studies reporting on potentially toxic interactions between aqueous fullerene nanoparticles (nC60) and microorganisms have been contradictory. When known confounding factors were avoided, growth yields of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli cultured in the presence and absence of independently prepared lots of underivatized nC60 were found not to be significantly different.
Thermal Fatigue in Teeth

This paper presents the results of experiments conducted with extracted human and bovine teeth. The teeth were subjected to thermal cycling at temperatures between 140 and 90 F. The results offer conclusive evidence that thermal fracture may be induced by the thermal stresses caused by the temperature cycling. Less than 3,000 thermal cycles cause severe cracking or the propagation of cracks previously existing in the teeth, or both.
Condition based maintenance of military ground vehicles

The performance of military ground vehicle systems quickly degrades due to high operation tempo and extreme environments while performing in-theater service. Current maintenance methods associated with this degradation are not sufficiently optimized for cost and performance. To address this issue, the United States Army is implementing a policy of Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) and being supported by the Army Materiel System Analysis Activity (AMSAA). CBM is a plan of maintenance for a system based upon the actual condition of the system as enabled by the application of usage, diagnostic and prognostic processes executed on a Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS). AMSAA has developed and is implementing a CBM system for ground vehicles. This development process has included the development of a robust military-grade HUMS in conjunction with the Aberdeen Test Center and the development of data collection, reduction, analysis, and reporting processes. A key requirement underlying these processes is a thorough understanding of both the ways in which system condition is degenerated and the ability of the HUMS to detect, identify, and communicate all conditions that requires maintenance in a timely manner. AMSAA and the US Army Aberdeen Test Center (ATC) have jointly initiated testing and applications as the critical means of filling this requirement.
Nonlinear control of non-minimum phase hypersonic vehicle models

Longitudinal rigid-body models of air-breathing hypersonic vehicle dynamics are characterized by exponentially unstable zero-dynamics when longitudinal velocity and flight-path angle (FPA) are selected as regulated output. To enable application of stable dynamic inversion methods (and their adaptive counterparts), previous studies have considered the addition of a canard control surface to eliminate the occurrence of the unstable zero; however, the addition of a canard may negatively impact the design of the thermal protection system. In this paper, we present a methodology for robust nonlinear control of the rigid-body longitudinal hypersonic vehicle dynamics which employs only the elevator as aerodynamic control surface. The method reposes upon a nonlinear transformation of the equations-of-motion into the interconnection of systems in so-called feedback and feed-forward forms that allows the combination of high-gain and low-amplitude feedback, achieved through the use of saturated functions. Simulation results using the flexible vehicle model are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
Immunology and Lung Cancer

Abstract Carcinoma of the lung is the number one cancer killer in the United States. The overall cure rate is about 10%, and although resection is the best treatment available, five-year survival following operation is only 25%. Recent studies have shown that patients with lung cancer are immunosuppressed but that pulmonary tumors do contain tumor-associated antigens. Studies of other human tumors indicate that immunotherapy can augment tumor immunity and can be an effective surgical adjuvant. This communication reviews the basic principles of tumor immunology, with emphasis on the immunology of lung cancer, and discusses how these principles may be applied to the therapy of lung cancer.
Retrospective cost model reference adaptive control for nonminimum-phase discrete-time systems, Part 1: The adaptive controller

We present a direct model reference adaptive controller for discrete-time systems (and thus sampled-data systems) that are possibly nonminimum phase. The adaptive control algorithm requires knowledge of the nonminimum-phase zeros of the transfer function from the control to the tracking error. This paper and its companion paper (Part 2) together analyze the stability of the instantaneous (gradient-based) retrospective cost model reference adaptive controller and the cumulative (recursive-least-squares-based) retrospective cost model reference adaptive controller. Part 1 develops the adaptive controllers and proves the existence of an ideal control law. Part 2 presents the closed-loop error system and provides a closed-loop stability analysis.
Heterotopic bone in laparotomy scars.

Abstract Four patients with heterotopic bone in laparotomy scars have been seen recently at the Mayo Clinic. Three of the four were women, and, apparently, their cases are the first for women with this condition to be reported within the last forty-eight years. In two patients the heterotopic bone formed in the remarkable time of fourteen and eighteen days, respectively. It is suggested that the development of heterotopic bone in laparotomy scars frequently is caused by the implantation of either vesical or gastric mucosa into the wound at the time of operation.
Fitting Software to the Organization: Reducing Time to Value for New Software Systems

Most large and medium-sized organizations have shifted the focus of some or all of their organizational software development from tailored software, developed in object-oriented programming languages, to the use of configurable off-the-shelf packages or ERP systems. These systems offer a range of built-in functionality that can be adapted to specific requirements and offer opportunities for rapid system deployment and faster 'time-to-value', where the 'time-to-value' is the time after deployment when the system is fully operational and delivering value to the company.
New Perspectives on the Origenist Controversy: Human Embodiment and Ascetic Strategies

The controversy over Origenism that erupted in the last years of the fourth century and the opening years of the fifth has puzzled many students of the period: no single identifiable theological issue seemed at stake. At the center of the Arian controversy lay a debate over the subordination (or nonsubordination) of the Son to the Father; in the fifth-century christological disputes Jesus' “nature” or “natures” prompted disagreement. But what was the focus of the Origenist controversy: the subordination of the Son and the Holy Spirit to the Father? the “fall” of the rational creatures into bodies? the restoration of the Devil? the interpretation of resurrection from the dead?
Unseating the Myth of a Girl and Her Horse, Now That’s True Grit

Like many other experiences that have the potentiality of empowerment for girls, the physical, intellectual, and emotional strength required in working with horses gets reduced to a facile anthropomorphized Disneyesque romance. In reality, it is a nuanced negotiation of muscle and sway. As a girl, Westerns offered me an empowering image of women and horses. This article seeks to track the complexity of some of those connections.