cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Test Bed for Studying Real-Time Simulation and Control for Shipboard Power Systems

This paper discusses a real-time test bed which has been developed to study real-time issues during the design of new control and stability methodologies for stand alone power systems, such as naval shipboard power systems. The test bed uses the National Instrument embedded tool suite (ETS) and the compact reconfigurable I/O (cRIO) powered by field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology and a real-time controller. Further the test bed uses Mathworks SimPowerSystem Toolbox and LabView to model the power systems under study. The implementation of the components in the test bed is discussed. Test cases are presented to illustrate the operation of the test setup.
An RNA polymerase preparation from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 capable of transcribing from a methylotrophic promoter.

Summary: RNA polymerase (RNAP) was purified from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 cells grown on methanol or on succinate. The β, β', α and ω subunits were approximately the same size as those of Escherichia coli, and the identity of the ω subunit was confirmed by N-terminal sequence analysis. N-terminal sequence analysis suggested that two other polypeptides in the purified RNAP preparation might be σ factors, a 40 kDa polypeptide that shared identity with σ32 homologues, and a 97 kDa polypeptide that shared identity with σ70 homologues in other bacteria. The 97 kDa polypeptide did not cross-react with antibody to E. coli σ70. The same complement of putative σ factors was found in RNAP purified from M. extorquens AM1 grown on succinate and those grown on methanol, indicating that no major methanol-inducible σ factor is present in this strain. Run-off assays showed that the purified RNAP was capable of initiating transcription specifically at the transcriptional start site of a methylotrophic gene, mxaF, which encodes the large subunit of methanol dehydrogenase and is found only in methylotrophic bacteria.
Professional jargon: A remedy

(1952). Professional jargon: A remedy. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 161-165.
A review of inter- and intraspecific variation in the eutherian placenta

The placenta is one of the most morphologically variable mammalian organs. Four major characteristics are typically discussed when comparing the placentas of different eutherian species: placental shape, maternal–fetal interdigitation, intimacy of the maternal–fetal interface and the pattern of maternal–fetal blood flow. Here, we describe the evolution of three of these features as well as other key aspects of eutherian placentation. In addition to interspecific anatomical variation, there is also variation in placental anatomy and function within a single species. Much of this intraspecific variation occurs in response to different environmental conditions such as altitude and poor maternal nutrition. Examinations of variation in the placenta from both intra- and interspecies perspectives elucidate different aspects of placental function and dysfunction at the maternal–fetal interface. Comparisons within species identify candidate mechanisms that are activated in response to environmental stressors ultimately contributing to the aetiology of obstetric syndromes such as pre-eclampsia. Comparisons above the species level identify the evolutionary lineages on which the potential for the development of obstetric syndromes emerged.
Antigen-presenting cells containing multiple costimulatory molecules promote activation and expansion of human antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells.

We have previously demonstrated that multiple immunizations with vector-based vaccines containing transgenes for tumor Ags and a triad of costimulatory molecules (TRICOM) enhance the expansion and functional avidity of Ag-specific memory CD8+ T cells in a mouse model. However, the effect of enhanced costimulation on human memory CD8+ T cells is still unclear. The study reported here was an in vitro investigation of the proliferation and function of CEA-specific human memory CD8+ T cells following enhanced costimulation. Our results demonstrated that TRICOM costimulation enhanced production of multiple cytokines and expansion of CEA-specific memory CD8+ T cells. The lytic capacity of memory CTLs toward CEA+ tumors was also significantly enhanced. IL-2Rα (CD25) was upregulated dramatically following APC-TRICOM stimulation, suggesting that the enhanced expansion of memory CD8+ T cells may be mediated by increased expression of IL-2R on memory T cells. The enhanced cytokine production and proliferation following TRICOM signaling was completely blocked by the combination of neutralizing Abs against B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3, the costimulatory molecules comprising TRICOM. No difference in T-cell apoptosis was observed between APC-TRICOM and APC-wild-type groups, as determined by annexin V, Bcl-2, and active caspase-3 staining. Results indicated that enhanced costimulation greatly expanded human CEA-specific CD8+ T cells and enhanced T-cell function, without inducing increased apoptosis of CEA-specific memory CD8+ T cells.
Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone-Induced Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Vitro: Cyclic Changes in Responsiveness and Self-Priming*

Anterior pituitaries were removed from female rats at each stage of 4-day estrous cycles, quartered, placed in a chamber at time zero, and superfused at 1.0 ml/min for 360 min. At 120 and again at 240 min, a 10-min pulse of LHRH (100 ng/ml) was administered. Ten- or 2-min fractions of effluent fluid were collected for LH analysis. Both the total amount of LH secreted and the maximum LH secretory rate attained in response to pulses of LHRH were determined. The LH secretory response to the first pulse of LHRH, or pituitary responsiveness, was lowest on diestrous days 1 and 2 and maximal on proestrus, with estrus being intermediate. The LH response to LHRH was significantly greater in superfused pituitaries removed on the afternoon of proestrus before the onset of the LH surge compared to pituitaries taken on the morning of proestrus. An augmented LH secretory response to the second pulse of LHRH, the self-priming effect, was present on diestrous day 2 and proestrus only. The results demonstrate that the cyc...
Novel strategies targeting pathogen transmission reduction in insect vectors: Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis control

Insect vectors are essential for the transmission of important human diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas and sleeping sickness. Insects are also responsible for the transmission of agricultural diseases that affect livestock and crops. Traditionally, control of the vector populations has been an effective disease management strategy. Recently, vector control strategies have been fortified by research in insect biology and in insect–pathogen interactions as well as by the development of transgenic technologies. In addition to insect population reduction methods, disease control via selective elimination of pathogens in insects can now be explored. Here we explore the tsetse vectors of African trypanosomes and describe the application of recent knowledge gained in their symbiotic, reproductive and vectorial biology to develop novel disease control strategies.
Defect distribution for wearable system design

This paper describes a design process for custom wearable systems produced in an academic setting. A set of 245 wearable design defects from two distinct periods separated by six years in time is presented. These data identify aspects of the process requiring significant developer effort, which we show using an orthogonal defect classification scheme. A comparison of defect attribute distributions across the two separate design periods is given. The results show that growing electronic complexity is increasing the number of defects caused by designer error, and that more defects are being observed in earlier phases of the design process.
A maximal invariant framework for adaptive detection with arrays

A framework for exploring array detection problems in a reduce dimensional space by exploiting the theory of invariance in hypothesis testing is introduced. This involves calculating a low-dimensional basis set of functions called the maximal invariant, the statistics of which are often tractable to obtain, thereby making analysis feasible and facilitating the search for tests with some optimality property. A locally most powerful test for the unstructured covariance case is obtained using this approach, and it is shown that the Kelly and adaptive matched filters (AMF) detectors form an algebraic span for any invariant detector. Several new detectors which incorporate insights gained from applying the same framework to structured covariance matrices, and which are shown to perform as well or better than existing detectors, are proposed. >
Cloud-resolving modeling of cloud systems during Phase III of GATE. Part II: Effects of resolution and the third spatial dimension

Abstract Two- and three-dimensional simulations of cloud systems for the period of 1–7 September 1974 in phase III of the Global Atmospheric Research Programme (GARP) Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) are performed using the approach discussed in Part I of this paper. The aim is to reproduce cloud systems over the GATE B-scale sounding array. Comparison is presented between three experiments driven by the same large-scale conditions: (i) a fully three-dimensional experiment, (ii) a two-dimensional experiment that is an east–west section of the three-dimensional case, and (iii) a high-resolution version of the two-dimensional experiment. Differences between two- and three-dimensional frameworks and those related to spatial resolution are analyzed. The three-dimensional experiment produced a qualitatively realistic organization of convection: nonsquall clusters, a squall line, and scattered convection and transitions between regimes were simulated. The two-dimensional experiments produced convective organ...
Insolvency in Letter of Credit Transactions -- Part III

This article addresses the insolvency of the letter of credit transaction’s participants. In this first part of a three-part article, the author discusses the insolvency of the beneficiary of the credit. The second part and third parts of the article, which will be featured in upcoming issues of The Banking Law Journal, will address the insolvency of the issuer and the insolvency of the applicant, respectively.
MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound of the Brain

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) of the brain can be expected to revolutionize central nervous system (CNS) disease treatment and change the treatment paradigm in multiple fields including but not limited to neurooncology, neurosurgery, radiation oncology and the clinical neuroscience, in general. MRgFUS can be used to non-invasive thermally ablate brain tumors; its non-thermal effects cause blood brain barrier disruption that can be leveraged to increase the targeted delivery of drug, gene, and other therapeutics agents into the brain. FUS has been shown to play a part in the treatment of certain functional neurological disorders such as movement disorders, epilepsy, or pain, and may have a role in functional neurosurgery. FUS-induced arterial occlusion effects can be exploited in treating hemorrhaging vessels and vascular malformations. By contrast, FUS has thrombolytic effects that can be used in stroke. Thus, MRgFUS spans a significant spectrum of the clinical neurosciences and has the ability to significantly change numerous fields.
Comments on ‘Hedging the interest rate risk of Brady bonds’ by Ahn, Boudoukh, Richardson and Whitelaw

This paper studies the sensitivity of Brady bond returns to movements in US interest rates. This is an important issue for investors wishing to eliminate all but the sovereign risk associated with the bonds. As such, the authors have made a timely contribution to the growing Brady bond literature that distils some of the insights from academic research into a form directly relevant to market participants.
Molecular sled is an eleven-amino acid vehicle facilitating biochemical interactions via sliding components along DNA

Recently, we showed the adenovirus proteinase interacts productively with its protein substrates in vitro and in vivo in nascent virus particles via one-dimensional diffusion along the viral DNA. The mechanism by which this occurs has heretofore been unknown. We show sliding of these proteins along DNA occurs on a new vehicle in molecular biology, a 'molecular sled' named pVIc. This 11-amino acid viral peptide binds to DNA independent of sequence. pVIc slides on DNA, exhibiting the fastest one-dimensional diffusion constant, 26±1.8 × 10(6) (bp)(2) s(-1). pVIc is a 'molecular sled,' because it can slide heterologous cargos along DNA, for example, a streptavidin tetramer. Similar peptides, for example, from the C terminus of β-actin or NLSIII of the p53 protein, slide along DNA. Characteristics of the 'molecular sled' in its milieu (virion, nucleus) have implications for how proteins in the nucleus of cells interact and imply a new form of biochemistry, one-dimensional biochemistry.
Studies of Some Tremellaceae. IV. Exidiopsis

The genus Exidiopsis is characterized by resupinate basidiocarps with effused to abrupt margins. The basidiocarps are indeterminate, both in thickness and in width. The tremellaceous basidia are su...
The Sixtieth Annual Meeting of the Organization of American Historians

Thursday morning Ray A. Billington, John Higham, and Daniel J. Boorstin discussed the future of the Organization of American Historians with Thomas C. Cochran presiding. Higham observed that the Organization's growth to more than 9,000 members had introduced a new impersonality into its affairs and wondered whether it would be wise to convert the OAH into a federation of regional or specialized societies which could hold smaller, more intimate meetings. He also warned that the development of the OAH into a large, national organization contained the possibility of putting the interests of American history ahead of those of history at large. Boorstin, in a witty assessment of the relations of amateur and professional historians, urged that the OAH continue to encourage amateur historians, who have been responsible over the years for some of the best historical writing. Billington thought the questions raised by the growth of the Organization were so important and likely to be so persistent that the Executive Committee would appoint a committee to consider the future and continuing development of the OAH and the profession.
Increased aflatoxin G1 production by Aspergillus flavus via gamma irradiation.

Exposure of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus spores to specific gamma radiation levels induced higher yields of aflatoxin G1 from the developing cultures per unit of time, while nontoxigenic A. flavus ...
Hypoxic Cerebral Vasodilation in Healthy and Metabolic Syndrome Adults: Distinct Interactions between Cyclooxygenase and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling

Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) limit hypoxia-mediated cerebral vasodilation in animal models of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Cyclooxygenase (COX) may be a source of ROS, but data are lacking ...
22 Geographic fluctuations of violent deaths in children and youth over time

Purpose Improve the focus and strength of risk-based prevention efforts of violent deaths by linking trended data on homicides and suicides of youth with public health regions of a Midwestern state. Methods Using Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health, violent death data for a state and its five public health regions were trended for years 2000–2012, and percent changes of average rates per 100,000 between 2000–2002 (T1) and 2010–2012 (T2) were calculated. Data were parsed by intent (suicide and homicides) and Method (firearm- and nonfirearm-related) for ages under 25. Results During 2000–2012, there were 1,733 youth deaths from suicide and homicide in the state. Between time points T1 and T2, Suicides increased by 9% (n = 24) and homicides decreased by 26% (n = 73). Suicide rates increased among all regions, except for one. The region with the highest increase in suicide rate saw a 75% increase (n = 9) in nonfirearm-related suicides. One region saw a 33% decrease (n = 68) in homicides but still had the highest rate at both time points. Firearms were used in 75% of homicides in one region, but 76% of homicides were non-firearm related in another. Conclusion The data show that the trends of youth suicides and homicides in a state vary considerably by region and over time. This reinforces the need to balance local, regional, and statewide prevention efforts to reduce youth homicide and suicide. Our investigation demonstrates the need for more frequent and geographically-specific investigations of violent deaths to improve the identification of high risk populations and environments and strengthening local, regional, and statewide prevention and policy initiative. Significance Updated analyses are essential in guiding evidence-informed decision-making, developing risk-targeted regional prevention strategies, and expeditiously assessing the effects of current and future efforts. The Methods and recommendations spanned from this study could have similar implications for other states and health outcomes.
The Relationship between Plasma BPDE-albumin Adduct and Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene Levels among Coke Oven Workers

[Objective] To investigate the application of BPDE-albumin adduct as the monitoring biomarkers for cok oven workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the relationship between this adduct and the urinar 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) levels in the same workers. [Methods] 37 coke oven workers from a coke plant and 47 control without occupational PAHs exposure were recruited in this study. The levels of plasma BPDE-albumin adduct and urinar 1-hydroxypyrene were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. [Results] The median concentration of BPDE Alb adducts in exposed group(42.10 fmol/mg albumin)was significantly higher than that in control group(14.16 fmol/mg albumin P0.01). The median urinary 1-OHP in exposed and control groups were 5.46 and 2.96μmol/mol creatinine respectively(P0.01) The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that coke oven workers were at the higher risk of having BPDE-albumin adduc levels(OR=1.79, P0. 05)and urinary 1-OHP levels(OR=2.45, P0. 05). A positive correlation between the levels of BPDE albumin adduct and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in all subjects was observed (rs=0.349, P0.01). [Conclusion] Plasma BPDE albumin adduct levels were significantly associated with urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels. Plasma BPDE-albumin adduct is an usefu biomarker for monitoring longer-term exposure to PAHs.
Activation of purinergic receptors (P2) in the renal medulla promotes endothelin-dependent natriuresis in male rats

Renal endothelin-1 (ET-1) and purinergic signaling systems regulate Na+ reabsorption in the renal medulla. A link between the renal ET-1 and purinergic systems was demonstrated in vitro, however, t...
Pyeloplasty in the Young Infant

The urgency, safety and benefits of performing pyeloplasty during the first weeks of life currently are being questioned. We reviewed our experience with 114 pyeloplasties in 103 infants and young children performed between 1983 and 1987. The 34 patients who underwent an operation before they were 3 months old were compared to 69 operated upon after 3 months. The surgical results in the 2 groups were equally good, with 90 per cent of the cases having an improved or stable postoperative excretory urogram or renal scan. Complications were few and were more common in the older age group, in which 7 children required a secondary procedure, including 2 for recurrent obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction. No patient in the younger age group required a secondary procedure for treatment of a complication or recurrent obstruction. Our findings indicate that the success of pyeloplasty performed during the first weeks of life is equal to that performed at a later patient age and were not more likely to be followed by a complication.
The challenge of palliating pancreatic cancer.

FDA approval of palliative chemotherapy is largely based on disease-free and overall survival, quality of life, and symptom reduction; the latter should be routinely measured by the treating oncologist. Physician assessments of symptoms underreport symptom severity compared to patient-reported symptom assessments.
Newly diagnosed ganglioglioma in an adult patient with multiple sclerosis.

• Gangliogliomas are rare neuroepithelial tumors composed of neoplastic mature ganglion cells in combination with glial cells.
Free speech for the private employee: Will state action rulings bring the constitution to the workplace?

Private sector employees generally do not enjoy First and Fourteenth Amendment free speech rights. After providing a rationale for private sector free speech, reviewing federal cases dealing with free speech in private organizations, and assessing the chances of future free speech expansion via state action, the author concludes that legislation and not the Constitution is the most viable means to obtain freedom of speech in the private corporation.
Suppression of Persistent Photoconductivity in AlGaN/GaN Ultraviolet Photodetectors Using In Situ Heating

Photodetectors based on the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure suffer from persistent photoconductivity (PPC) in which recovery from the optical stimulus can take days. This behavior is unsuitable for many applications where reliable and consistent optical response is required. This letter presents a method for suppressing PPC in AlGaN/GaN photodetectors by employing device suspension and in situ heating. The highly conductive two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the interface of AlGaN and GaN serves as both a sensor and a heater (via Joule heating). Microfabricated AlGaN/GaN-on-Si ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (suspended and unsuspended) were exposed to UV (365 nm) for 60 s and the transient responses were measured under various in situ heating conditions. The measured transient response showed a decay time of ~39 h when the photodetector was not heated and 24 s for a suspended photodetector with in situ 2DEG heating (270°C with a power of 75 mW). This remarkable suppression of the PPC in AlGaN/GaN UV photodetectors can be attributed to the novel device architecture and in situ heating capability, which enables acceleration of the carrier capture rate during operation.
Parthood and naturalness

Is part of a perfectly natural, or fundamental, relation? Philosophers have been hesitant to take a stand on this issue. One reason for this hesitancy is the worry that, if parthood is perfectly natural, then the perfectly natural properties and relations are not suitably “independent” of one another. (Roughly, the perfectly natural properties are not suitably independent if there are necessary connections among them.) In this paper, I argue that parthood is a perfectly natural relation. In so doing, I argue that this “independence” worry is unfounded. I conclude by noting some consequences of the naturalness of parthood.
Latent relationships between construction cost and energy efficiency in multifamily green buildings

Residential buildings have accounted for more than 20% of total energy usage in the United States over the last decade. Reducing household energy consumption has environmental and economic impacts. Building scientists and construction engineers have attempted to obtain accurate energy use prediction; however, few have focused on the relationship between construction cost and energy use. This chapter investigates the associations among detailed construction cost takeoffs and actual energy use in multifamily green buildings. The researchers employ advanced machine-learning analytics to model the correlations between construction costs and energy use data collected from multifamily residential units. The findings identify cost divisions in the construction stage that significantly correlate with energy use in the operational stage. The model allows developers to predict energy consumption based on construction costs and enables them to adjust their investment strategies to amplify the energy efficiency of green building technologies.
Significance of the absolute lymphocyte/monocyte ratio as a prognostic immune biomarker in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

Significance of the absolute lymphocyte/monocyte ratio as a prognostic immune biomarker in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Fecal shedding of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli among feral pigs in Texas.

The population and range of feral pigs in the United States are rapidly expanding, yet key knowledge gaps exist regarding their role in the ecology and transmission of foodborne pathogens. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli shedding among feral pigs throughout Texas and to identify risk factors for positive status. Faecal samples were collected from feral pigs in Texas from February 2014 through May 2015, and target organisms were detected using PCR assays. The prevalence of C. jejuni shedding was 1.6% (6/370), and the prevalence of C. coli shedding was 3.5% (13/370). C. coli shedding was significantly more common (p = .008) among female pigs than among male pigs. Feral pigs may represent a source of human campylobacteriosis.
Superficial fungal infections.

This article discusses the new developments in the three main types of superficial fungal infections: the dermatophytoses, tinea versicolor, and candidal infections.
Simple and Efficient Purification of Recombinant Proteins Using the Heparin-Binding Affinity Tag

Heparin, a member of the glycosaminoglycan family, is known to interact with more than 400 different types of proteins. For the past few decades, significant progress has been made to understand the molecular details involved in heparin-protein interactions. Based on the structural knowledge available from the FGF1-heparin interaction studies, we have designed a novel heparin-binding peptide (HBP) affinity tag that can be used for the simple, efficient, and cost-effective purification of recombinant proteins of interest. HBP-tagged fusion proteins can be purified by heparin Sepharose affinity chromatography using a simple sodium chloride gradient to elute the bound fusion protein. In addition, owing to the high density of positive charges on the HBP tag, recombinant target proteins are preferably expressed in their soluble forms. The purification of HBP-fusion proteins can also be achieved in the presence of chemical denaturants, including urea. Additionally, polyclonal antibodies raised against the affinity tag can be used to detect HBP-fused target proteins with high sensitivity. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nuclear transport of EGFR is through the integral trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nuclear envelope

3501 Accumulating evidence indicates that endocytosis plays an essential role in the nuclear translocation of the cell surface EGF receptor (EGFR). However, the central issue of the nuclear translocation of cell surface membrane receptors is how the receptors embedded in the endosome membrane pass through the nuclear pore complex. In this report, we propose a novel mechanism by which the membrane bound form of EGFR translocates into the nucleus. Digitonin permeabilization, which selectively release out soluble nuclear transporters in the cytoplasm, has no effects on EGFR nuclear transport, suggesting that the cytoplasmic-nuclear trafficking of EGFR depends on a membrane-bound environment. Confocal microscopy revealed that in response to EGF, a portion of EGFR redistributes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where its NH 2 -terminus resides within the lumen. Furthermore, EGFR forms complex with Sec61-β, which is the component of ER translocon. Knockdown of Sec61-β prevents the EGF-dependent translocation of EGFR from the nuclear envelope to the nucleus. Together, these results suggest that upon EGF treatment, the membrane-bound EGFR translocates to the ER, then move into the nucleus through the interaction with the Sec61 translocon.
Examination of the latent factor structure and construct validity of the stigma of suicide scale-short form

A major limitation of research on attitudes toward suicide is that most measures lack evidence of a stable factor structure. To investigate the structure of recently developed stigma of suicide scale-short form (SOSS-SF), we conducted an exploratory factor analysis in a sample of 499 undergraduates. Results revealed a three-factor structure: Stigma, Isolation/Depression, and Glorification/Normalization. We also identified good convergent and discriminant validity between the SOSS-SF and related constructs. In a separate sample of 570 undergraduates, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated adequate fit for the three-factor model. In addition, a multiple-group CFA demonstrated invariance across gender.
Riemann-Roch Formalism

This chapter deals with the axiomatization of the functorial properties of the Grothendieck group K(X).
Advances in prenatal and perinatal diagnosis and management of gastroschisis

Gastroschisis is a congenital, ventral wall defect associated with bowel evisceration. The defect is usually to the right of the umbilical cord insertion and requires postnatal surgical correction. The fetus is at risk for complications such as intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, and intrauterine fetal demise. In addition, complex cases, defined by the presence of intestinal complications such as bowel atresia, stenosis, perforation, or ischemia, occur in up to one third of pregnancies affected by gastroschisis. As complex gastroschisis is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, research has focused on the prenatal detection of this high risk subset of cases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the prenatal, diagnostic approach to the identification of gastroschisis, to describe potential signs of complex gastroschisis on prenatal ultrasound, to review current guidelines for antepartum management and delivery planning, and to summarize results of both past and current intervention trials in fetuses with gastroschisis.
A New Generation of Room-Temperature Frequency-Multiplied Sources With up to 10× Higher Output Power in the 160-GHz–1.6-THz Range

We report on the design, fabrication, and testing of a new generation of all-solid-state frequency-multiplied terahertz sources providing up to ten times more output power at room temperature than the previous state of the art. These new sources benefit from both a novel “on-chip” power combined topology recently introduced and new devices and circuits thoroughly optimized for high-power operation. Prototypes centered at 180 GHz, 240 GHz, 340 GHz, 530 GHz, 1 THz, and 1.6 THz have been designed, fabricated, and tested. All sources exhibit record performances with conversion efficiencies reaching the theoretical limit predicted by physics-based numerical models. Measured nominal room-temperature output power levels are 500 mW at 180 GHz, 110 mW at 220 GHz, 35 mW at 330 GHz, 30 mW at 550 GHz, 2 mW at 1.03 THz, and 0.7 mW at 1.64 THz.
Designing a Hybrid Engineering Course combining Case-Based and Lecture-Based Teaching

Traditional engineering and business school courses have different pedagogical emphases. Engineering courses are perceived as technical, dense and require students to provide definitive answers to problems. On the other hand, business school courses aim to increase students' knowledge by confronting them with real-world cases and by encouraging both in- and out-of-the-classroom teamwork, thinking in groups and problem solving. In business school courses, the teaching is directed towards the thought process rather than the final answer itself. These two approaches to learning are both valuable and give the opportunity to develop complementary skills. Combining both approaches in a single course is however challenging. We tackled this challenge by designing the semester-long “Introduction to Nanobiotechnology and Nanobioscience” course for senior undergraduate and first year graduate students as a hybrid class. Our objective was to design an engineering course of standard length, which incorporates key elements of the business schools' case study approach to learning while retaining essential elements of the traditional engineering education
Effect of Fall Fertilization on Freeze Resistance of Deciduous Versus Evergreen Azaleas

Abstract Plants that maintain their leaves throughout winter may respond differently to fall fertilization than deciduous plants. The effects of fall fertilization on cold hardiness, nutrient uptak...
'We, The People of the Kingdom of God': Constitution Writing in the Council of Fifty

In spring 1844, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was in trouble. Hostility toward Mormonsim was running high in Illinois. A few months later, an angry mob would murder Joseph Smith, the religion’s founder, and his brother. Within two years, the Latter-day Saints would be huddled in a refugee camp in Nebraska. In this context, Smith created a secret organization, the Council of Fifty, to coordinate the political affairs of the Latter-day Saint community. Their ultimate goals were theocratic. They wished to create a godly commonwealth – the Kingdom of God – somewhere in North America to await the end of the world. In spring 1844, the Council of Fifty made an ultimately unsuccessful effort to draft a constitution for this theocratic kingdom. This chapter examines that constitution in the context of both Mormon history and the broader history of American constitution making. In their failed constitution making project, the Latter-day Saints both mirrored and departed from the American experience. In abandoning that project, they managed to escape – if only briefly – the cultural force of the U.S. Constitution and thus chart their own course through America’s political and theological landscape.
Super-resolution visualization of subwavelength defects via deep learning-enhanced ultrasonic beamforming: A proof-of-principle study

Abstract Detecting small, subwavelength defect has known to be a challenging task mainly due to the diffraction limit, according to which the minimum resolvable size is in the order of the wavelength of a propagating wave. In this proof-of-concept study, we present a deep learning-enhanced super-resolution ultrasonic beamforming approach that computationally exceeds the diffraction limit and visualizes subwavelength defects. The proposed super-resolution approach is a novel subwavelength beamforming methodology enabled by a hierarchical deep neural network architecture. The first network (the detection network) globally detects defective regions from an ultrasonic beamforming image. Subsequently, the second network (the super-resolution network) locally resolves subwavelength-scale fine details of the detected defects. We validate the proposed approach using two independent datasets: a bulk wave array dataset generated by numerical simulations and guided wave array dataset generated by laboratory experiments. The results demonstrate that our deep learning super-resolution ultrasonic beamforming approach not only enables visualization of fine structural features of subwavelength defects, but also outperforms the existing widely-accepted super-resolution algorithm (time-reversal MUSIC). We also study key factors of the performance of our approach and discuss its applicability and limitations.
Cartographic Design as Visual Storytelling: Synthesis and Review of Map-Based Narratives, Genres, and Tropes

In this article, I review considerations and techniques for approaching cartographic design as visual storytelling. Stories, like maps, are a method for documenting and explaining, for meaningfully...
Investigating the Impact of Interpretive Signs at Neighborhood Natural Areas

Designing interpretive signs for community natural areas is often an expensive endeavor, sometimes requiring the largest portion of an already small budget, but what do we know about the impact of ...
Biogeochemical and plant trait mechanisms drive enhanced methane emissions in response to whole-ecosystem warming

Abstract. Climate warming perturbs ecosystem carbon (C) cycling, causing both positive and negative feedbacks on greenhouse gas emissions. In 2016, we began a tidal marsh field experiment in two vegetation communities to investigate the mechanisms by which whole-ecosystem warming alters C gain, via plant-driven sequestration in soils, and C loss, primarily via methane (CH 4 ) emissions. Here, we report the results from the first 4 years. As expected, warming of 5.1 ∘ C more than doubled CH 4 emissions in both plant communities. We propose this was caused by a combination of four mechanisms: (i) a decrease in the proportion of CH 4 consumed by CH 4 oxidation, (ii) more C substrates available for methanogenesis, (iii) reduced competition between methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria, and (iv) indirect effects of plant traits. Plots dominated by Spartina patens consistently emitted more CH 4 than plots dominated by Schoenoplectus americanus, indicating key differences in the roles these common wetland plants play in affecting anaerobic soil biogeochemistry and suggesting that plant composition can modulate coastal wetland responses to climate change.
The Newly Informed Decency of Death: Hall v. Florida Endorses the Marshall Hypothesis in Eighth Amendment Review of the Death Penalty

The Supreme Court has long determined what criminal punishments violate the Eighth Amendment by asking whether they fall short of the American people’s standard of decency. And it has relied mostly on state legislation to reflect what people think is decent. In 1972, Justice Marshall suggested the Court should factor expert knowledge of the actual workings of death penalty systems into its analysis. I refer to this approach as “informed decency.” Marshall believed doing so would make death unconstitutional, because the American people would reject it if better informed. This has come to be known as “the Marshall Hypothesis.” Some forty years later, in Hall v. Florida, the Court finally did something akin to what Marshall suggested, with regard to a particular feature of the death penalty. The Court relied on the knowledge of professional psychological organizations to find unconstitutional the manner in which Florida determined ineligibility for the death penalty based on intellectual disability. If such an informed decency is adopted on a larger scale, and applied to the death penalty itself, current views of experts in science and law would provide strong evidence to find the death penalty violates the American standard of decency and, as a result, the Eighth Amendment.
Comprehensive structural and compositional investigation of Maya pottery sherds from Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala, Central America

Abstract Maya pottery samples collected from various sites in Guatemala were investigated for their elemental composition, mineral crystalline phases, particle size, and thermogravimetric properties. The samples were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), FT-IR, ICP-OES, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Investigations showed the presence of aliphatic C H, C C, and C O functional groups in samples. The SEM/EDX results revealed samples contain approximate %w/wt elemental concentrations C (3.4), O (54.8), Mg (0.45), Al (7.25), Si (11.2), K (0.3), Ca (21.3 w/w %), and trace amounts of Mn, Cu, S, Na, Ti. The ICP-OES examination further confirmed the composition and concentrations of macro-elements Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S and microelements Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn, and V. Powder XRD analysis determined that the major mineral crystalline phases in the samples were bassanite, quartz, aluminite, alunogen, andalusite, borax, gypsum, hexahydrite, hornblende, laumontite, mirabilite, palygorskite M, talc, and vermiculite. This investigation revealed the conservative nature of the technology and materials used in the preparation of pottery among the Maya people.
Cognitive load experienced by nurses in simulation-based learning experiences: An integrative review

Abstract Background Simulation based learning experiences help nurses gain skills necessary for independent practice. However, increased cognitive load placed on learners in simulation may affect learning outcomes. Objectives The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize what is known about nurses' cognitive load in simulation and summarize measurement approaches. Data sources A search of CINAHL, Medline, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health, and ERIC databases was limited to peer-reviewed studies published after 2006 in the English language, using the key words nurse, simulation, and cognitive load. Review Methods Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) integrative review method was used. Studies investigating advanced practice nurses or interprofessional teams were excluded. Results Database and reference list s searches identified a total of 3077 records, and 20 met inclusion criteria. Simulation fidelity, time pressure, dual-tasking, interruptions, task complexity, distractions, and mismatched simulation objectives to learner ability increase nurses' cognitive load. However, past experience, pre-briefing, repeated scenarios, and worked-out modeling optimize cognitive load. Subjective and objective cognitive load measures help researchers understand cognitive load and define its relationship with other variables. Conclusions Simulation impacts nurses' cognitive load. Varying simulation design s to optimize cognitive load will improve learning outcomes. Future nursing simulation research should utilize well-validated cognitive load measures and measure cognitive load alongside other variables to further understand how cognitive load affects simulation outcomes.
A single heterozygous mutation in COG4 disrupts zebrafish early development via Wnt signaling

Abstract Saul-Wilson syndrome (SWS) is a rare, skeletal dysplasia with progeroid appearance and primordial dwarfism. It is caused by a heterozygous, dominant variant (p.G516R) in COG4, a subunit of the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex involved in intracellular vesicular transport. Our previous work has shown the intracellular disturbances caused by this mutation; however, the pathological mechanism of SWS needs further investigation. We sought to understand the molecular mechanism of specific aspects of the SWS phenotype by analyzing SWS-derived fibroblasts and zebrafish embryos expressing this dominant variant. SWS fibroblasts accumulate glypicans, a group of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critical for growth and bone development through multiple signaling pathways. Consistently, we find that glypicans are increased in embryos expressing the COG4p.G516R variant. These animals show phenotypes consistent with convergent extension (CE) defects during gastrulation, shortened body length, and malformed jaw cartilage chondrocyte intercalation at larval stages. Since non-canonical Wnt signaling was shown in zebrafish to be related to the regulation of these processes by Glypican 4, we assessed wnt levels and found a selective increase of wnt4 transcripts in the presence of COG4p.G516R. Moreover, overexpression of wnt4 mRNA phenocopies these developmental defects. LGK974, an inhibitor of Wnt signaling corrects the shortened body length at low concentrations but amplifies it at slightly higher concentrations. WNT4 and the non-canonical Wnt signaling component phospho-JNK are also elevated in cultured SWS-derived fibroblasts. Similar results from SWS cell lines and zebrafish point to altered non-canonical Wnt signaling as one possible mechanism underlying SWS pathology.
Rio Tinto and the Resolution Copper Mining Joint Venture (a): The Land Exchange

From its inception, the Resolution Copper Mining (RCM) joint venture faced a number of significant technical, political, and environmental challenges as it attempted to develop a strategy for mining a copper ore body located under the Tonto National Forest in Superior, Arizona. As president and CEO of RCM, David Salisbury faced a number of key decisions in 2008–10 to keep the project on track. The success of the mine hinged on a politically complicated land exchange—and an act of Congress—in which the federal government would give RCM land containing the copper ore in exchange for parcels of ecological significance. Accomplishing this goal required Salisbury to engage with multiple stakeholders and navigate a complicated congressional landscape. Excerpt UVA-E-0374 Aug. 13, 2012 Rio Tinto and the Resolution Copper Mining Joint Venture (A): The Land Exchange On the evening of February 16, 2009, David Salisbury, president and CEO of Resolution Copper Mining (RCM), leaned back in his chair and mulled over a pending e-mail notice to 200 employees and contractors involved in the development of RCM's Superior, Arizona, project. The e-mail was about the status and future of the project. The mining project required an act of Congress to progress and, considering the varying priorities on Capitol Hill, it appeared unlikely that legislative action would be taken in the short term. Faced with this information, Salisbury needed to make a decision about the mine's costly near-term development activities: specifically, whether the activities should be suspended, scaled back, or continued unabated. Salisbury's involvement in the RCM project dated back to March 2008, when the senior leadership team at Rio Tinto Group, one of the world's largest multinational mining companies, had summoned him to take over management of RCM. As a seasoned managing director with almost 16 years at Rio Tinto, Salisbury was well versed in the company's unique approach to the sustainable development of mining operations. His past successes in operations and mine closure and his extensive work with communities across the world meant Salisbury had the right combination of skills needed to advance RCM into the next stage of development. . . .