cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Responding to Catastrophe Repression Dynamics Following Rapid-onset Natural Disasters

Natural disasters often cause significant human suffering. They may also provide incentives for states to escalate repression against their citizens. We argue that state authorities escalate repression in the wake of natural disasters because the combination of increased grievances and declining state control produced by disasters creates windows of opportunity for dissident mobilization and challenges to state authority. We also investigate the impact of the post-disaster humanitarian aid on this relationship. Specifically,we arguethat inflowsof aidin the immediateaftermathof disasters are likely to dampen the impact of disasters on repression. However, we expect that this effect is greater when aid flows to more democratic states. We examine these interrelated hypotheses using cross-national data on immediate-onset natural disasters and state violations of physical integrity rights between 1977 and 2009 as well as newly collected foreign aid data disaggregated by sector. The results provide support for both our general argument and the corollary hypotheses.
Conservation in Qatar: Impacts of Increasing Industrialization

CIRS publishes original research on a variety of topics of relevance to the Middle East in general and to the Gulf region in particular.
A dynamic crashing method for project management using simulation-based optimization

A dynamic simulation-based crashing method is introduced in this research to evaluate project networks and determine the optimum crashing configuration that minimizes the average project cost due to lateness penalties and crashing costs. This dynamic approach will let the user evaluate the project network to determine a crashing strategy at the beginning of the project and also during the life of the project. By reevaluating the project network possible adjustments to the crashing strategy may be identified and implemented. The output of the method includes a distribution of the project completion time, a distribution of the project total cost, and the project cost savings.
Inverse modeling and mapping US air quality influences of inorganic PM 2.5 precursor emissions using the adjoint of GEOS-Chem

Abstract. Influences of specific sources of inorganic PM2.5 on peak and ambient aerosol concentrations in the US are evaluated using a combination of inverse modeling and sensitivity analysis. First, sulfate and nitrate aerosol measurements from the IMPROVE network are assimilated using the four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) method into the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model in order to constrain emissions estimates in four separate month-long inversions (one per season). Of the precursor emissions, these observations primarily constrain ammonia (NH3). While the net result is a decrease in estimated US~NH3 emissions relative to the original inventory, there is considerable variability in adjustments made to NH3 emissions in different locations, seasons and source sectors, such as focused decreases in the midwest during July, broad decreases throughout the US~in January, increases in eastern coastal areas in April, and an effective redistribution of emissions from natural to anthropogenic sources. Implementing these constrained emissions, the adjoint model is applied to quantify the influences of emissions on representative PM2.5 air quality metrics within the US. The resulting sensitivity maps display a wide range of spatial, sectoral and seasonal variability in the susceptibility of the air quality metrics to absolute emissions changes and the effectiveness of incremental emissions controls of specific source sectors. NH3 emissions near sources of sulfur oxides (SOx) are estimated to most influence peak inorganic PM2.5 levels in the East; thus, the most effective controls of NH3 emissions are often disjoint from locations of peak NH3 emissions. Controls of emissions from industrial sectors of SOx and NOx are estimated to be more effective than surface emissions, and changes to NH3 emissions in regions dominated by natural sources are disproportionately more effective than regions dominated by anthropogenic sources. NOx controls are most effective in northern states in October; in January, SOx controls may be counterproductive. When considering ambient inorganic PM2.5 concentrations, intercontinental influences are small, though transboundary influences within North America are significant, with SOx emissions from surface sources in Mexico contributing almost a fourth of the total influence from this sector.
Purification, Growth of Single Crystals, and Selected Properties of MgF2

A modified Bridgman-Stockbarger method was used to grow single crystals of MgF2 weighing about 200 g. The purity of the charge material was critical. Purification was achieved by first drying technical-grade MgF2 and then vaporizing in vacuum. Spectral transmission of the single crystals was measured; in comparison with CaF2, MgF2 was slightly less transparent in the infrared region and had about the same transparency in the ultraviolet region. Modulus-of-rupture values were also obtained in several orientations. No plastic flow was observed.
MotifMap: integrative genome-wide maps of regulatory motif sites for model species.

Background: A central challenge of biology is to map and understand gene regulation on a genome-wide scale. For any given genome, only a small fraction of the regulatory elements embedded in the DNA sequence have been characterized, and there is great interest in developing computational methods to systematically map all these elements and understand their relationships. Such computational efforts, however, are significantly hindered by the overwhelming size of non-coding regions and the statistical variability and complex spatial organizations of regulatory elements and interactions. Genome-wide catalogs of regulatory elements for all model species simply do not yet exist. Results: The MotifMap system uses databases of transcription factor binding motifs, refined genome alignments, and a comparative genomic statistical approach to provide comprehensive maps of candidate regulatory elements encoded in the genomes of model species. The system is used to derive new genome-wide maps for yeast, fly, worm, mouse, and human. The human map contains 519,108 sites for 570 matrices with a False Discovery Rate of 0.1 or less. The new maps are assessed in several ways, for instance using high-throughput experimental ChIP-seq data and AUC statistics, providing strong evidence for their accuracy and coverage. The maps can be usefully integrated with many other kinds of omic data and are available at http://motifmap.igb.uci.edu/. Conclusions: MotifMap and its integration with other data provide a foundation for analyzing gene regulation on a genome-wide scale, and for automatically generating regulatory pathways and hypotheses. The power of this approach is demonstrated and discussed using the P53 apoptotic pathway and the Gli hedgehog pathways as examples.
The Perils of Comparative History: Belize and the British Sugar Colonies after Slavery

For comparative history to be meaningful, the phenomena compared must possess important and comprehensive unities of character. In his “Systems of Domination after Slavery: The Control of Land and Labor in the British West Indies after 1838”, which appeared in the October 1981 issue of Comparative Studies in Society and History, O. Nigel Bolland accepts this maxim in theory; he ignores it in practice.
The relation between work-family balance and quality of life

Abstract We examined the relation between work–family balance and quality of life among professionals employed in public accounting. Three components of work–family balance were assessed: time balance (equal time devoted to work and family), involvement balance (equal involvement in work and family), and satisfaction balance (equal satisfaction with work and family). For individuals who invested substantial time in their combined work and family roles, those who spent more time on family than work experienced a higher quality of life than balanced individuals who, in turn, experienced a higher quality of life than those who spent more time on work than family. We observed similar findings for involvement and satisfaction. We identified the contributions of the study to the work–family balance literature and discussed the implications of the findings for future research.
Biosecurity Reconsidered: Calibrating Biological Threats and Responses

Advances in science and technology, the rise of globalization, the emergence of new diseases, and the changing nature of conflict have increased the risks posed by naturally occurring and man-made biological threats. A growing acceptance of a broader definition of security since the end of the Cold War has facilitated the rise of biosecurity issues on the international security agenda. Developing strategies to counter biological threats is complicated by the lack of agreement on the definition of biosecurity, the diverse range of biological threats, and competing perspectives on the most pressing biological threats. A comprehensive definition of biosecurity that encompasses naturally occurring, accidental, and deliberate disease outbreaks can help to further research, analysis, and policymaking. Operationalizing this broad conception of biosecurity requires a taxonomy of biological threats based on a levels-of-analysis approach that identifies which types of actors are potential sources of biological thre...
Improving the Resolution of an Elliptic Solver for CFD Problems on the Grid

Publisher Summary The chapter focuses on the fast resolution of elliptic problems generated by algorithms to solve computational fluid dynamics (CFD) problems. A typical application is a pressure solver in an incompressible Navier–Stokes flow code. The chapter describes a domain decomposition method that is numerically efficient, scales well on a parallel computer, and is highly tolerant to the high latency and low bandwidth of a slow network. The method is based on the implementation of a domain decomposition technique in parallel and also on the performance tuning of the linear solver depending on the sub domain and the processor architecture. The chapter presents a domain decomposition for elliptic solver that is interesting for distributed computing with high latency network that provides good scalability results. The chapter demonstrates impact of the choice of the sub domain solver and presents a methodology with surface response that can help to tune the solver in an optimal way. While generating such a model is cumbersome and time consuming, there are advantages of generating them in an automatic manner using the resources of the grid.
MSCs for the Treatment of Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury, and Traumatic Brain Injury: From Bench Work to Clinical Trials

Stroke, spinal cord injury, and traumatic brain injury are the major three causes of central nervous system injury. After the acute phase, most patients are left with significant motor, cognitive, and social impairments. Few treatments exist and there are no current therapeutic interventions altering their underlying pathological processes via tissue salvage, support, repair, or replacement at the cellular or subcellular level. Recent evidence suggests that the cell-based therapy exerts therapeutic benefits in relevant preclinical animal models. Furthermore, some cell types, like MSCs, have advanced into clinical trials. Here, we present the current status of MSCs in stroke, SCI, and TBI therapy from preclinical studies to clinical trials, with an emphasis on dosage, timing, and routes of delivery. We also discuss possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of action that mediate the effects of MSCs in these different disease models. Finally, we end with a discussion of important issues that require future study.
Suppression of microtubule assembly kinetics by the mitotic protein TPX2.

ABSTRACT TPX2 is a widely conserved microtubule-associated protein that is required for mitotic spindle formation and function. Previous studies have demonstrated that TPX2 is required for the nucleation of microtubules around chromosomes; however, the molecular mechanism by which TPX2 promotes microtubule nucleation remains a mystery. In this study, we found that TPX2 acts to suppress tubulin subunit off-rates during microtubule assembly and disassembly, thus allowing for the support of unprecedentedly slow rates of plus-end microtubule growth, and also leading to a dramatically reduced microtubule shortening rate. These changes in microtubule dynamics can be explained in computational simulations by a moderate increase in tubulin–tubulin bond strength upon TPX2 association with the microtubule lattice, which in turn acts to reduce the departure rate of tubulin subunits from the microtubule ends. Thus, the direct suppression of tubulin subunit off-rates by TPX2 during microtubule growth and shortening could provide a molecular mechanism to explain the nucleation of new microtubules in the presence of TPX2.
Iterative thresholding for blind block partitioned tensor decomposition

We consider a model where a single sensor observes a bandwidth of spectrum occupied by several non-orthogonal in both time and frequency signals. The sensor constructs a tensor based on the trispectrum and which can be modeled as a block partitioned tensor (BPT). By decomposing this tensor we can estimate signal activity in both time and frequency. We develop a partition-blind BPT decomposition algorithm using iterative thresholding and parallel coordinate descent. We test the algorithm in simulations and find that it succeeds in estimating received signal PSDs and time activity substantially faster than previous algorithms.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Air Exposure Effects on Molecular Beam Epitaxy Grown WSe2 Monolayers and Bilayers

The effect of air exposure on 2H-WSe2/HOPG is determined via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). WSe2 was grown by molecular beam epitaxy on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), and afterward, a Se adlayer was deposited in situ on WSe2/HOPG to prevent unintentional oxidation during transferring from the growth chamber to the STM chamber. After annealing at 773 K to remove the Se adlayer, STM images show that WSe2 layers nucleate at both step edges and terraces of the HOPG. Exposure to air for 1 week and 9 weeks caused air-induced adsorbates to be deposited on the WSe2 surface; however, the band gap of the terraces remained unaffected and nearly identical to those on decapped WSe2. The air-induced adsorbates can be removed by annealing at 523 K. In contrast to WSe2 terraces, air exposure caused the edges of the WSe2 to oxidize and form protrusions, resulting in a larger band gap in the scanning tunneling spectra compared to the terraces of air-exposed WSe2 monolayers. The preferential oxidation at the WSe2 edges compared to the terraces is likely the result of dangling edge bonds. In the absence of air exposure, the dangling edge bonds had a smaller band gap compared to the terraces and a shift of about 0.73 eV in the Fermi level toward the valence band. However, after air exposure, the band gap of the oxidized WSe2 edges became about 1.08 eV larger than that of the WSe2 terraces, resulting in the electronic passivation of the WSe2.
DEVELOPMENTAL MODE AND SPECIES GEOGRAPHIC RANGE IN REGULAR SEA URCHINS (ECHINODERMATA: ECHINOIDEA)

Among marine benthic organisms, the ability to disperse, primarily during the larval stage, is widely thought to influence the extent of species geographic range. Because related species often differ in their modes of larval development (pelagic, feeding larvae; pelagic, nonfeeding larvae; or brooded development), and these can have dramatically different planktonic intervals, the mode of development may influence geographic range. A global survey of 215 regular echinoids shows that species with pelagic, feeding larvae have significantly larger ranges than those with pelagic, nonfeeding larvae, but there is no difference in ranges between species with pelagic, nonfeeding larvae and those with brooded development. These patterns are maintained within the Cidaroida and the Temnopleuroida, which account for the great majority of species with pelagic, nonfeeding development and brooded development. This limited effect of developmental mode on geographic range is found among species occurring predominantly in waters shallower than 100 m. For species occurring deeper than 100 m, there is no significant difference in geographic range related to type of development. The relationship between developmental mode and species range was examined more closely for circa 30 species for which the developmental period was known from laboratory observations. Adjusting the developmental times to a common temperature, 20°C, using realistic values for Q10 from 2.0 to 3.6, showed a highly significant, negative correlation between egg volume and developmental time, indicating the potential for developmental mode to influence the planktonic interval. However, there was no relationship between time in the plankton, estimated from unadjusted developmental times, and extent of species geographic range. These results suggest that developmental mode may influence extent of species geographic ranges indirectly through the consequences of dispersal for gene flow or recovery from disturbance.
Irradiated boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) : isolated field studies of competitiveness

Field competitiveness of boll weevils, Anthonomusgrandis grandis Boheman, subjected to seven dosages of gamma-irradiation between 2 and 40krad was evaluated over two seasons in isolated small cotton plots. Before irradiation,weevils had been fed diet treated with an ecdysteroid, 3 beta,5 beta,14 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholest-7-en-6-one toprevent egg production by females. Longevity of the group receiving 2 krad was notsignificantly different from the untreated control. There was no significant difference in thelongevity of weevils receiving 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, or 40 krad, but these weevils did not live as longas those receiving the 0 and 2 krad treatments. There was a significant trend toward higher competitiveness around the 10-krad dosage. Up to about 10 krad, any lowering of vigor causedby increasing dosage was apparently overcome by the resulting increase in sterility. Atdosages greater than 10 krad, there was no increase in sterility, but there was apparently adecrease in vigor, and competitiveness tended to decrease as the dosage increased from 10 to 40 krad.
Cryorecovery of Mouse Sperm by Different IVF Methods Using MBCD and GSH

Different protocols incorporating methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) have been reported to improve IVF recovery of cryopreserved mouse sperm on a C57BL/6 (J and N) genetic background. However, it is not clear which IVF protocol is most appropriate when using the various methods to cryorecover sperm with different sperm quality and sample volumes. Therefore, in the present study we correlated sperm motility with fertilization rate and compared the efficiency of different IVF methods using various sperm samples so as to establish general guidelines for mouse sperm cryorecovery by IVF. High linear correlation between sperm fertilization rate and progressive motility was found, R2 was 0.9623 and 0.9993 for pre-freezing and post-thaw progressive motility, respectively. High amounts of cryoprotective agent (CPA) were observed to impair both sperm capacitation and fertilization. Moreover, the presence of a large number of immotile sperm in the sperm-oocyte co-incubation drop was found to reduce IVF success which could be partially reversed by supplementation using monothioglycerol (MTG) during centrifugation. It was concluded that the efficiency of IVF using cryorecovered mouse sperm in media containing MBCD and GSH can be predicted from sperm progressive motility. High concentrations of CPA and immotile sperm should be mitigated prior to IVF. The optimum IVF method should be selected based on sperm sample volume and sperm parameters.
Can severe male factor infertility be treated without micromanipulation

Objective To present data on IVF in severe male factor infertility using modified IVF laboratory methods and to compare them with the reported data of gamete micromanipulation. Design Retrospective, not randomized. Setting University of California, Irvine, Center for Reproductive Health. Patients Seventy-one patients with severe oligoasthenozoospermia defined as total motile count in the pretreatment sample of 6 . Two groups were identified, group I with total motile count between 1.5 and 5×10 6 and group II with total motile count 6 . Interventions Treatment of the semen samples with mini-Percoll and the modification of standard IVF techniques. These modifications include insemination with larger numbers of sperm, the use of culture tubes for insemination of oocytes, and pooling oocytes together in one or more culture tubes. Main Outcome Measures Fertilization and pregnancy rates (PRs). Additionally, the number of patients achieving cryopreservation and patients with previous failure to fertilize are specified. Results Eighty percent of the patients achieved fertilization with an overall rate of 38% per oocyte. Fifty-three Ets were performed and 23 clinical pregnancies (43% per transfer and 35% per cycle) were achieved. Fifty percent of the patients had excess embryos for cryopreservation. In group I the fertilization rate was 54% with a PR of 56% per transfer and 48% per cycle. In group II the fertilization rate was 25% with a PR per transfer of 32% and 24% per cycle. Of 28 patients who had previous failure of fertilization, 25 fertilized and 8 pregnancies were established. Conclusions These data demonstrate that by the modification of standard laboratory methods for IVF, monospermic fertilization, cleavage, and a high clinical PR can be achieved in cases of severe male factor infertility without having to resort to micromanipulation.
Communication with former romantic partners and current relationship outcomes among college students

This research investigates individual and contextual differences underlying postdissolution friendships by considering communication with former romantic partners among individuals in new romantic relationships. Two studies demonstrate the prevalence, determinants, and implications of former partner communication for the current relationship. Study 1 showed that approximately 40% of individuals in relationships communicate with a former partner and highlighted differences between those who communicate and those who do not. Study 2 factor analyzed reasons why people communicate with former partners and examined how the reasons are differentially associated with current relationship functioning. In general, results support the notion that under certain circumstances and for certain individuals, communication with former partners can have deleterious influences on one's current relationship.
The regulatory B cell compartment expands transiently during childhood and is contracted in children with autoimmunity.

Objective Regulatory B cells that inhibit immune responses through interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion (B10 cells) have been characterized in adult subjects with autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to characterize B10 cells in individuals across the entire age range of normal human development and changes in their frequency and numbers in children with autoimmunity. Methods The phenotype and numbers of B10 cells in blood were examined in healthy individuals and children with autoimmunity, using flow cytometry. B10 cell function was assessed by measuring the effect of B cell-derived IL-10 on interferon-γ (IFNγ) expression by CD4+ T cells. Serum cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The frequency of B10 cells transiently increased during childhood, when up to 30% of B cells were competent to produce IL-10, compared with the low frequencies in healthy newborns (3-4%) and adults (7-9%). The surface phenotype of B10 cells in children revealed age-dependent variability. B10 cells from children were distinct from proinflammatory cytokine-producing B cells and down-regulated IFNγ production by CD4+ T cells in vitro. Compared with age-matched healthy controls, children with autoimmunity had lower numbers and frequencies of B10 cells (decreased by 39% and 48%, respectively), higher IFNγ levels, and lower IL-21 levels in serum. IFNγ inhibited, whereas IL-21 promoted, B cell IL-10 competence in vitro. Conclusion B10 cells, a functionally defined cell subset with a variable surface phenotype reflective of overall B cell development, transiently expand during childhood. B10 cell frequencies and numbers were decreased in children with autoimmunity, which may be explained in part by alterations in serum IFNγ and IL-21 that differentially regulate B10 cell development.
Artificial thermodynamics with optical stochastic pumps

Particles subjected to complex optical potentials that vary in both space and time can be sub- or super-diffusive. The corresponding difference in effective temperatures allows an effective stochastic pumping of colloidal particles.
Narrowband noise study of sliding charge density waves in NbSe3 nanoribbons

Transport properties (dc electrical resistivity, threshold electric field, and narrow-band noise) are reported for nanoribbon specimens of NbSe3 with thicknesses as low as 18 nm. As the sample thickness decreases, the resistive anomalies characteristic of the charge density wave (CDW) state are suppressed and the threshold fields for nonlinear CDW conduction apparently diverge. Narrow-band noise measurements allow determination of the concentration of carriers condensed in the CDW state n c , reflective of the CDW order parameter Δ. Although the CDW transition temperatures are relatively independent of sample thickness, in the lower CDW state Δ decreases dramatically with decreasing sample thickness.
Genomic analysis of a cardinalfish with larval homing potential reveals genetic admixture in the Okinawa Islands.

Discrepancies between potential and observed dispersal distances of reef fish indicate the need for a better understanding of the influence of larval behaviour on recruitment and dispersal. Population genetic studies can provide insight on the degree to which populations are connected, and the development of restriction site-associated sequencing (RAD-Seq) methods has made such studies of nonmodel organisms more accessible. We applied double-digest RAD-Seq methods to test for population differentiation in the coral reef-dwelling cardinalfish, Siphamia tubifer, which based on behavioural studies, have the potential to use navigational cues to return to natal reefs. Analysis of 11,836 SNPs from fish collected at coral reefs in Okinawa, Japan, from eleven locations over 3 years reveals little genetic differentiation between groups of S. tubifer at spatial scales from 2 to 140 km and between years at one location: pairwise FST values were between 0.0116 and 0.0214. These results suggest that the Kuroshio Current largely influences larval dispersal in the region, and in contrast to expectations based on studies of other cardinalfishes, there is no evidence of population structure for S. tubifer at the spatial scales examined. However, analyses of outlier loci putatively under selection reveal patterns of temporal differentiation that indicate high population turnover and variable larval supply from divergent source populations between years. These findings highlight the need for more studies of fishes across various geographic regions that also examine temporal patterns of genetic differentiation to better understand the potential connections between early life-history traits and connectivity of reef fish populations.
Impact Injuries of the Thoracolumbar Spine

Impact injuries to the thoracolumbar spine are rare in automotive crashes. They take the form of vertebral body wedge fractures and, at times, burst fractures, particularly among the elderly. The cause is not vertical acceleration of the vehicle but is instead the straightening effect of the thoracic spine when the shoulder belt restraint is used. However, impact injuries due to vertical acceleration do occur in other environments, especially in the military environment. One of the first military problems is that of seat ejection – the emergency exit of a pilot from a disabled military jet aircraft. Some pilots sustain anterior wedge fractures of the thoracolumbar spine due to the 20 g acceleration of the seat. The injury was first recognized by the Luftwaffe or the German air force during World War II and was studied intensely in Britain and the USA for several decades after the war. The current problem is injury to the spine, pelvis, and lower extremities sustained by mounted soldiers whose vehicle they are riding in encounters an improvised explosive device. In this book, the seat ejection problem will be addressed, but blast-related injuries will not. Civilian injuries to the thoracolumbar spine due to falls also produce similar injuries. Falling from a height and landing on one’s buttocks generate wedge-type vertebral injuries. Fracture-dislocations can occur in more severe impacts. Such injuries are catastrophic because they can result in damage to the spinal cord and paralysis from the waist down. Ejection from a moving automobile or rollover of a vehicle can also cause these injuries.
Shock and Multiple Organ Failure

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), previously known as multiple organ failure, has emerged as the leading cause of mortality in surgical critical care. It is a syndrome of sequential and progressive organ dysfunction, associated with a sustained, massive inflammatory response that is often preceded by insults such as sepsis, hemorrhagic shock, inflammatory states such as pancreatitis, and tissue injury. Classically, organ involvement occurs in a predictable sequence, initially involving the lung, then the liver, then the gut, and other organs. With four organ system involvement, mortality approaches 100%. Once the process is initiated, MODS often progresses despite eradication of the inciting cause.
Photovoltaic Incentive Design Handbook

Investments in customer-owned grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) energy systems are growing at a steady pace. This is due, in part, to the availability of attractive economic incentives offered by public state agencies and utilities. In the United States, these incentives have largely been upfront lump payments tied to the system capacity rating. While capacity-based ''buydowns'' have stimulated the domestic PV market, they have been criticized for subsidizing systems with potentially poor energy performance. As a result, the industry has been forced to consider alternative incentive structures, particularly ones that pay based on long-term measured performance. The industry, however, lacks consensus in the debate over the tradeoffs between upfront incentive payments versus longer-term payments for energy delivery. This handbook is designed for agencies and utilities that offer or intend to offer incentive programs for customer-owned PV systems. Its purpose is to help select, design, and implement incentive programs that best meet programmatic goals. The handbook begins with a discussion of the various available incentive structures and then provides qualitative and quantitative tools necessary to design the most appropriate incentive structure. It concludes with program administration considerations.
Being Participatory Through Play

It has long been acknowledged that play is the language of childhood. Thus, to give children voice, it is appropriate and logical to develop and use research methods based on play and creative expression for encouraging children’s participation in research. Because children, especially young ones, often don’t yet have the vocabulary to say what they are thinking or feel, nonverbal means of communication are ideal. Further, children may have the vocabulary, but sometimes things may be to too difficult, painful, or scary to put into words. Although rarely used alone, such methods are most commonly used in support of more traditional research methods such as interviews to increase data in both quantity and depth. This chapter presents a variety of research methods that incorporate play and other expressive activities. Illuminative drawing and scored drawing methods are discussed, along with other visual arts methods. The use of toy props and a variety of games is explored. Three commonly used interview techniques using puppets are described, along with considerations for choosing puppets or making them. Some of the ways researchers are using storytelling, creative writing, and the performing arts are explained. The chapter concludes with advantages and challenges of using play and other expressive methods, key advice, and some useful resources.
Introduction to the Modeling of Manufacturing Systems

A manufacturing system can be viewed as an arrangement of tasks and processes, properly put together, to transform a selected group of raw materials and semifinished products to a set of finished products. The three basic functions of manufacturing are procurement, production and distribution. Clearly, there are other functions in a supporting, role such as planning, design, accounting, personnel management, and marketing, among others. The raw material is procured and converted through the production process to semifinished units, which are sometimes referred to as assemblies or subassemblies, and to finished products to be finally stored in the warehouse to meet the customer demand. Distribution deals with the transfer of the finished products to warehouses at different locations. The flow of materials shown in Fig1.1 depicts the various stages of manufacturing.
Reaction plane determination for 36Ar+197Au collisions at E/A=35 MeV.

Collisions between $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$ projectile and $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ target nuclei at E/A=35 MeV have been studied with a 4\ensuremath{\pi} phoswich array with a low detection threshold. Azimuthal distributions of light-charged particles and intermediate-mass fragments are extracted with respect to reaction planes determined from fission fragments or from the emission patterns of coincident light particles and intermediate-mass fragments. The internal consistency and sensitivity to particle detection thresholds are explored for the various techniques of reaction plane determination. For the present reaction, the reaction plane can be determined with comparable accuracy from the distribution of fission fragments as from the orientation of the major axis of the transverse momentum tensor constructed from the emitted light particles and intermediate-mass fragments. Monte Carlo calculations are performed illustrating the sensitivity of the transverse momentum tensor method to the azimuthal anisotropy of the single-particle distributions and the convergence of this method as a function of particle multiplicity. The extraction of experimental uncertainties in the determination of the reaction plane is discussed.
Some Canonical Partition Ordinals

In the notation of Erdős and Rado, the expression α → (α,m)2 means that for any graph on α either there is an independent subset of type α or there is a complete subgraph of size m. Baumgartner called such ordinals partition ordinals. The following two theorems show that κ ω and κ ω λ ω are partition ordinals whenever κ and λ are Ramsey cardinals and λ < κ.
The wearable cardioverter-defibrillator: lifesaving attire or "fashion faux pas?".

Mention the words “life vest” to most people you meet, and you may conjure up images of a bright orange buoyancy device that you should put on a child when going for a boat ride on a lake. Others may associate these words with the yellow inflatable device found somewhere under your seat on an
A Decade of Microaggression Research and LGBTQ Communities: An Introduction to the Special Issue

Though the Supreme Court of the U.S. legalized same-sex marriage in 2015, heterosexism and transphobia has continued to manifest through many systems in the US — from lack of federal protection in ...
Exact two-component equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles method using atomic mean-field spin-orbit integrals

A new semi-atomic-orbital- based algorithm for a two-component spin-orbit (SO) equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) method using mean-field SO integrals is reported. The new algorithm removes the major computational bottlenecks of a SO-EOM-CCSD calculation associated with the evaluation, storage, and processing of the H¯ab,cd elements in the similarity-transformed Hamiltonian involving four virtual orbital labels. The partial recovery of spin symmetry in the present algorithm reduces the storage requirement by an order of magnitude and the floating point operation count for the evaluation of the ladder-like term by a factor of three to four. EOM-CCSD calculations of excited states in the triiodide ion (I3−) using the exact two-component Hamiltonian in combination with atomic mean-field SO integrals (X2CAMF) are reported as a validation of the implementation and also as a demonstration of the capability of the new algorithm to correlate extended virtual spaces. X2CAMF-EOM-CCSD calculations of the ground and excited states in As2, Sb2, and Bi2 are also presented and compared with the available experimental studies. An analysis based on the computed spectroscopic constants as well as the compositions of the excited-state wavefunctions strongly supports a new assignment for the lowest 2u and 0u− levels in the photoelectron spectrum of Bi2.
Evolved Proteins Inhibit Entry of Enfuvirtide-Resistant HIV-1.

Drugs that block HIV-1 entry are relatively limited. Enfuvirtide is a 36-residue synthetic peptide that targets gp41 and blocks viral fusion. However, Enfuvirtide-resistant HIV has been reported, and this peptide drug requires daily injection. Previously, we have reported helix-grafted display proteins, consisting of HIV-1 gp41 C-peptide helix grafted onto Pleckstrin Homology domains. Some of these biologics inhibit HIV-1 entry with relatively modest and varied potency (IC50 = 190 nM to >1 μM). Here, we report that gp41 C-peptide helix-grafted Sac7d (Sac7d-Cpep) potently suppresses HIV-1 entry in a live virus assay (IC50 = 1.9–12.4 nM). Yeast display sequence optimization of solvent exposed helix residues led to new biologics with improved expression in E. coli (a common biosimilar expression host), with no appreciable change in entry inhibition. Evolved proteins inhibit the entry of a clinically relevant mutant of HIV-1 that is gp41 C-peptide sensitive and Enfuvirtide resistant. Fusion proteins designed ...
Trends in research on beaches and dunes on sandy shores, 1969–2019

Abstract Trends in research on morphologic changes on beaches and foredunes on sandy shores are identified from the 1960s to the present. Research during this period evolved from early descriptive explanation and classification of profile change, to instrumented field investigations, to modelling of landform change at larger scales. Research efforts have become increasingly more collaborative, with increasing use of field instrumentation, data acquisition systems and remote sensing. Rich datasets are resulting in more comprehensive computational models. Human-altered systems are of increasing interest, but knowledge of these systems lags far behind knowledge of natural systems. Research is becoming more relevant to societal needs as the vulnerability of coastal populations increases. The need for investigation of understudied or unexplored environments, including human altered ones, is ongoing. Many basic research issues remain, but future studies would profit from the development of new models rather than validating or reconfiguring old models. Collaboration between geomorphologists and engineers may open up research opportunities, particularly in modifying beaches and dunes built for shore protection to provide natural values in restricted space. Application of models to enhance knowledge of effects of sea level rise and coastal storms would be useful to managers developing resiliency plans.
Diagrammatic approach to nonlinear optical response with application to Weyl semimetals

Nonlinear optical responses are a crucial probe of physical systems including periodic solids. In the absence of electron-electron interactions, they are calculable with standard perturbation theory starting from the band structure of Bloch electrons, but the resulting formulas are often large and unwieldy, involving many energy denominators from intermediate states. This work gives a Feynman diagram approach to calculating nonlinear responses. This diagrammatic method is a systematic way to perform perturbation theory, which often offers shorter derivations and also provides a natural interpretation of nonlinear responses in terms of physical processes. Applying this method to second-order responses concisely reproduces formulas for the second-order-harmonic shift current. We then apply this method to third-order responses and derive formulas for third-order-harmonic generation and self-focusing of light, which can be directly applied to tight-binding models. Third-order responses in the semiclasscial regime include a Berry curvature quadrupole term, whose importance is discussed including symmetry considerations and when the Berry curvature quadrupole becomes the leading contribution. The method is applied to compute third-order optical responses for a model Weyl semimetal, where we find a new topological contribution that diverges in a clean material, as well as resonances with a peculiar linear character.
A review of research on technology-mediated language and literacy professional development models

ABSTRACTWith the advance of technology, additional opportunities for professional development are available through nontraditional means. In this review, we examine the effectiveness of technology-...
Resident Knowledge and Perception of Pain Management.

Chronic pain involves a complex mechanism that afflicts 50 million adults in the United States and incurs societal costs upwards of $560 billion annually. The consequences of this epidemic have resulted in an epidemic of its own, with the opioid crisis becoming a top priority in healthcare. Historically, the sub-optimal practices of overprescribing opioids and inadequate monitoring of iatrogenic addiction have contributed to this problem. If progress is to be made in this area, it is imperative that we examine how future physicians are being trained to manage pain. We examined internal medicine resident knowledge regarding pain as well as their satisfaction with medical school preparation in this regard using two surveys: The Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP) and The Medical School Pain Curriculum Survey (MSPCS). Residents scored an overall 60.7% on the knowledge assessment survey, and less than 50% of respondents agreed that their medical school curriculum had prepared them sufficiently. This suggests that improvements can be made in medical school curricula regarding pain management education to better train physicians on how to manage pain, particularly in an era that demands expertise in this area.
OPTIMIZATION OF DIURETIC THERAPY IN THE ACUTELY DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE PATIENT

Acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is one of the leading causes of hospitalization in the USA contributing to more than 11% of all deaths. Management of ADHF hinges on IV diuresis, the adjustment of which is primarily guided by clinical experience and anecdotal evidence. The DOSE trial
Acute Cancer Cognitive Therapy Online Training Program: Feasibility and Impact on Clinician Knowledge Uptake.

The delivery of psychosocial support to patients and families is challenging in the acute cancer setting. To meet their needs, we developed Acute Cancer Cognitive Therapy (ACCT), an approach that applies traditional cognitive therapy (CT) techniques to this setting. We assessed the feasibility and impact of a six-hour web-based ACCT training for professionals working in psychosocial oncology. Learners were recruited in person at psycho-oncology lectures, workshops, and conferences and through social media channels. One hundred and thirty professionals completed the application, and 46 learners completed all training requirements. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample of applicants and learners, and a paired-samples t-test compared learners’ scores on pre-and-post assessments of ACCT knowledge. Learners were predominantly female (n = 40, 86.9%), white (n = 42, 91.3%), and trained in the disciplines of social work (n = 17, 36.9%) or psychology (n = 17, 36.9%). Post-training scores were significantly higher than baseline, averaging a 19.78-point increase. These results support the feasibility and positive impact of using this web-based training to teach ACCT. Future studies will evaluate alternative approaches to retention, multi-cultural applicability, broader dissemination and the extent and durability of skill acquisition using multimodal longitudinal models of assessment.
Introduction to Sense and Significance Reprint

Originally published as the introduction to Sense and Significance (Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press, 1973), this chapter is an early look into guiding principles that have shaped my intellectual trajectory. It explains my decision to use phenomenology as my departure point, while also indicating my openness to the pragmatist tradition. Over the course of my career, I have weaved these two traditions together in the development of postphenomenology, the intellectual innovation for which I am best known.
Dual Holding and Bank Risk

We show that a bank with investors holding simultaneously both its equity and bond (dual-holders) exhibits lower risk and superior performance. Using the 2007-9 financial crisis as a quasi-natural experiment, we find that the presence of dual-holders reduces risky investment and risky business portfolio choices. Dual-holders' influence is higher in more opaque banks, indicating that the mechanism of transmission is through a decrease in information asymmetry and a reduction in debtholder-shareholder conflict. This effect translates into higher unconditional and risk-adjusted stock returns. Our results have important normative implications in improving the stability of financial systems.