cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does Asian management research need more self-confidence? Reflections from Russia

This commentary on Klaus Meyer’s article, “Asian Management Research Needs More Self-confidence,” in the Asia Pacific Journal of Management (2006), discusses the need for Asian management research to look beyond the pressures for publication in top-tier, Western scholarly academic journals. We reflect on our nearly two decades of research on Russian management to illustrate many of Meyer’s ideas and insights in a different transition economy. We support his call for more context-specific research that can also offer contributions to global management knowledge as well as indigenous management practice.
In vitro and in vivo accelertration of the neoplastic phenotype of a low-tumorigenicity rat bladder carcinoma cell line by transfected transforming growth factor-α

We conducted an experiment to determine whether expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) enhances tumorigenicity in a low-tumorigenicity rat bladder carcinoma cell line and whether it is sufficient to induce a tumorigenic phenotype in a nontumorigenic rat bladder cell line. D44c cells (which are nontumorigenic) were derived from a minute nodule from a bladder treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU); G1-200 cl-17 cells (which have low tumorigenicity) were isolated from D44c cells exposed to MNU in vitro. Neither cell line expressed TGF-alpha mRNA. The cells were cotransfected with pSV2neo and pSR alpha-rTGF-alpha. The latter plasmid contains the rat TGF-alpha cDNA under the transcriptional control of the SR alpha promoter. In the low-tumorigenicity G1-200 cl-17 cells, the expression of TGF-alpha mRNA and the subsequent synthesis of TGF-alpha protein activated epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) and markedly enhanced tumorigenicity in nude mice (i.e., shortened the latency period before tumor appearance, accelerated the rate of growth, and increased the size of the tumors) as well as anchorage-independent growth in vitro. In nontumorigenic D44c cells, however, transfected TGF-alpha did not induce either anchorage-independent growth or tumorigenicity in nude mice, in spite of overexpression of EGFR mRNA and the constitutive expression of c-jun and junB mRNA. These results suggest that the increased signal transduction mediated by TGF-alpha enhanced tumorigenicity in a cell that was already tumorigenic but was not sufficient to induce tumorigenicity in a nontumorigenic cell.
Section II. Health sciences libraries. National Library of Medicine: The view at 150 years

The national Library of Medicine celebrated its sesquicentennial in 1986. The Library has played an important role in medical communication in this country for most of the 150 years since its founding. In the last 20 years, especially, the NLM's responsibilities have been expanded to include a variety of nontraditional library activities. Many of these new activities are based on computer and communications technology. Research now going on in the Library's Lister Hill Center shows promise of greatly altering the way future scientists and health practitioners have access to biomedical information.
The staff nurse decisional involvement scale: report of psychometric assessments.

Background For decades, enhancing staff nurse decisional involvement in matters of nursing practice and patient care has been identified as a long-term strategy to improve the quality of the nursing work environment and the safety and quality of patient care. Objective To describe psychometric assessments of the Decisional Involvement Scale (DIS), a diagnostic and evaluative measure of nurse decisional involvement. Methods A series of assessments were conducted to evaluate the psychometric performance of the scale. Content validity was assessed by experts in the field. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the use and performance of the scale. The contrasted groups approach was used to assess construct validity. Item analysis was used to explore evidence of the internal consistency of items and subscales across multiple samples. Structural modeling was used to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis using data from two independent samples of staff registered nurses (RNs; n = 849 and 650). Results Acceptable content validity indexes (CVIs) were independently generated by three content experts. Construct validity was supported, as hypothesized; nurses working on professional practice units scored significantly higher for all items when compared to nurses working on units without professional practice models in place. Internal consistency (coefficient alpha) was high and nearly identical for the total measure and all subscales across the two independent nurse samples. Six subscales were identified using factor analysis, and these were confirmed by structural modeling. Conclusion Psychometric findings support that the DIS is a valid and reliable measure of staff nurse decisional involvement.
Renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the pituitary gland: clinical manifestations and successful treatment with transsphenoidal resection.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe two cases of metastatic involvement of the pituitary gland by renal cell carcinoma (RCCA) and review the medical literature regarding this entity. Methods We present two case reports and discuss the published literature to illustrate the clinical findings, radiographic features, and recommended management of RCCA metastatic to the pituitary gland. Results During a 12-month period, we encountered two patients, one with visual deficits and both with anterior pituitary dysfunction, who had large sellar lesions that were histologically proved to be RCCA. Both patients were successfully treated with transsphenoidal surgical resection of the lesion, one of whom is alive and well more than 2 years later. A pituitary metastatic tumor is an uncommon complication of RCCA; it may be difficult to diagnose and potentially fatal. Anterior pituitary dysfunction and visual disturbances are more common initial features than is diabetes insipidus, in contrast to pituitary metastatic involvement from other tumors. Conclusion Transsphenoidal resection is a safe and effective method of treatment of RCCA metastatic to the pituitary gland. (Endocr Pract. 1998;4:204-207)
New findings on acid rain

Increases in acidity by 1 pH unit in the Adirondack lakes of New York—changes that normally occur over hundreds or thousands of years—occurred during 2 to 4 decades in some New York lakes in the middle of this century, according to a study released March 14, 1986, by a committee of the National Research Council (NRC). On the basis of their analyses, the Committee on Monitoring and Assessment of Trends in Acid Deposition concluded that there is a cause and effect relationship between sulfur emissions produced by the burning of fossil fuels and acid rain. At the same time, the committee found that “lake acidification is not a uniform problem,” according to committee chairman James H. Gibson. Individual lakes vary widely in their responses to acid deposition, and some of the northeastern U.S. lakes that the committee studied have even become more alkaline in recent decades, said Gibson, who is coordinator of the National Resources Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University in Fort Collins. “Differences in the geologies of watersheds and in the histories of land use practices within watersheds can cause surface waters in a region to respond differently even when they are receiving equivalent amounts of acidity from atmospheric inputs,” the report said.
Detection of Laughter-in-Interaction in Multichannel Close-Talk Microphone Recordings of Meetings

Laughter is a key element of human-human interaction, occurring surprisingly frequently in multi-party conversation. In meetings, laughter accounts for almost 10% of vocalization effort by time, and is known to be relevant for topic segmentation and the automatic characterization of affect. We present a system for the detection of laughter, and its attribution to specific participants, which relies on simultaneously decoding the vocal activity of all participants given multi-channel recordings. The proposed framework allows us to disambiguate laughter and speech not only acoustically, but also by constraining the number of simultaneous speakers and the number of simultaneous laughers independently, since participants tend to take turns speaking but laugh together. We present experiments on 57 hours of meeting data, containing almost 11000 unique instances of laughter.
Students' and Teachers' Assessments of the Need for Accuracy in the Oral Production of German as a Foreign Language

Previous research indicates that foreign language learners are much more focused on accuracy, particularly grammatical accuracy, than their teachers are. The purpose of the current study was to gain a more detailed understanding of American learners' views of the need for accuracy in the oral production of a foreign language (German) by (a) distinguishing among 4 different purposes of language use (deriving a personal sense of accomplishment; being comprehensible to a native speaker [NS]; being pleasant to an NS; receiving an A in the course); (b) specifying 19 different language forms (grammatical, phonological, lexical, and pragmatic) of German; (c) asking the learners to assess the likelihood of ever attaining 90% or higher accuracy in each of these features; (d) examining learners in 4 different years of instruction; and (e) comparing the learners' beliefs to those of their teachers. The results revealed that (a) the learners in this study were not universally motivated toward accuracy in oral production generally or toward grammatical accuracy specifically; (b) they assumed that the grade requirements demanded much higher levels of accuracy than were necessary (as reported by the teachers) and were needed for communication with NSs or for their personal sense of accomplishment; (c) the year of instruction distinguished ratings of needed accuracy in specific forms, but not ratings of the overall degree of needed accuracy; and (d) the views of beginning learners especially and their teachers differed on the degree of accuracy needed to obtain a grade of A in the course, to derive a sense of accomplishment, and in the usage of specific language forms. Here, the learners appeared to construct unwarranted equivalencies between form-meaning relationships in the first language (L1) and the second language (L2) when they perceived that a low degree of accuracy was needed in certain German forms, particularly case endings and suprasegmental features. These findings suggest that judgments of required accuracy: (a) interact with the specific language-use purpose and specific language forms; (b) may vary by specific L1–L2 pairings; and (c) may have reflected in previous research the learners' perceptions of grade requirements rather than their true personal motivations.
Efficient and optimal fault-to-spare assignments in doubly fault tolerant arrays

Given a doubly fault tolerant system with m faults, the authors present an algorithm for finding a fault-to-spare assignment for the m faults in O(m) time. This improvement over the O(m/sup 1.5/) bi-partite graph technique for finding an assignment is obtained by partitioning the problem into independent regions and proving that, in each region, an assignment may be found in linear time. The region approach also allows for an efficient solution of a related problem. Namely, finding a fault-to-spare assignment which minimizes the number of uncovered nodes. For two dimensional arrays augmented with one row and one column of spares, such an optimal assignment may be found in linear time. >
Molecular and macroscopic modeling of phase separation

Recently proposed pseudoensemble Monte Carlo methods are extended in this work to map out diverse phase diagrams (projections of the phase-coexistence hypersurface) of multicomponent mixtures required to characterize fluid-phase equilibrium phenomena and to design separation processes. Within the pseudoensemble framework, the macroscopic models of different equilibrium processes can be readily integrated to the mathematical constraints that specify the thermodynamic state of the system. The proposed Monte Carlo methods allow, for example, the simulation of isopleths and cloud-point lines to compare experimental to simulation data and to test molecular force fields. Applications of this approach include the study of retrograde phenomena in a model natural-gas mixture through simulation of dewlines and coexistence lines at constant vaporization fraction. As demonstrated, pseudoensemble simulations can also be used to generate the thermodynamic data necessary to solve problems encountered in continuous and discontinuous distillation processes.
Determination of Alanine Aminotransferase with an Electrochemical Nano Ir-C Biosensor for the Screening of Liver Diseases

Alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), is an enzyme that normally resides in serum and body tissues, especially in the liver. It is released into the serum as a result of tissue injury; hence the concentration of ALT in the serum may be increased with acute damage to hepatic cells. A single use, disposable biosensor, comprising iridium nano-particle as catalyst dispersed on carbon paste, has been developed for the determination of ALT concentration. The biosensor is based on quantifying H2O2 concentration produced by a serial of ALT enzymatic reactions. It operates well at room temperature in different physiological fluids: phosphate buffer, calf serum and human serum for ALT concentration of 0-544 ng/mL. Experimental results in human serum are compared to those obtained by spectrophotometric assays with excellent agreement. Therefore, the Ir/C biosensor shows good relationship on the dilution of concentrated ALT clinical applications.
Incomplete Compensation and Migration Behavior: Has Anything Changed Between 1990 and 2000?

Spatial equilibrium models rely on migration to arbitrage away differences in utility across locations net of moving costs, where remaining differences in wages and rents reflect the compensating differentials related to site-specific amenities. Recent refinements to the spatial equilibrium model focus upon the prospect of disequilibrium in amenity markets. Amenity market disequilibrium implies over- or under-compensation (incomplete compensation) across some locations, which suggests a role for these factors in subsequent migration. This paper fol- lows the theoretical and empirical approach of Clark, Herrin, Knapp, and White (2003). An intercity wage regression is estimated where fixed effects capture the impact of site characteris- tics on wages. We then regress the fixed effects on a comprehensive vector of site attributes, where the residuals capture incomplete compensation in wages. The derived measures of in- complete compensation are included in a binary logit model of migration. The results provide further evidence that incomplete compensation for site characteristics is a significant factor in migration decisions, and the findings are consistent with tendencies toward spatial equilib- rium.
PAS Domain of the Aer Redox Sensor Requires C-Terminal Residues for Native-Fold Formation and Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Binding

The Aer protein in Escherichia coli is a membrane-bound, FAD-containing aerotaxis and energy sensor that putatively monitors the redox state of the electron transport system. Binding of FAD to Aer requires the N-terminal PAS domain and residues in the F1 region and C-terminal HAMP domain. The PAS domains of other PAS proteins are soluble in water. To investigate properties of the PAS domain, we subcloned segments of the aer gene from E. coli that encode the PAS domain with and without His6 tags and expressed the PAS peptides in E. coli. The 20-kDa His6-Aer2-166 PAS-F1 fragment was purified as an 800-kDa complex by gel filtration chromatography, and the associating protein was identified by N-terminal sequencing as the chaperone protein GroEL. None of the N-terminal fragments of Aer found in the soluble fraction was released from GroEL, suggesting that these peptides do not fold correctly in an aqueous environment and require a motif external to the PAS domain for proper folding. Consistent with this model, peptide fragments that included the membrane binding region and part (Aer2-231) or all (Aer2-285) of the HAMP domain inserted into the membrane, indicating that they were released by GroEL. Aer2-285, but not Aer2-231, bound FAD, confirming the requirement for the HAMP domain in stabilizing FAD binding. The results raise an interesting possibility that residues outside the PAS domain that are required for FAD binding are essential for formation of the PAS native fold.
Revisiting four scientific debates in ocean acidification research

Abstract. In recent years, ocean acidification has gained continuously increasing attention from scientists and a number of stakeholders and has raised serious concerns about its effects on marine organisms and ecosystems. With the increase in interest, funding resources, and the number of scientific investigations focusing on this environmental problem, increasing amounts of data and results have been produced, and a progressively growing and more rigorous understanding of this problem has begun to develop. Nevertheless, there are still a number of scientific debates, and in some cases misconceptions, that keep reoccurring at a number of forums in various contexts. In this article, we revisit four of these topics that we think require further thoughtful consideration including: (1) surface seawater CO2 chemistry in shallow water coastal areas, (2) experimental manipulation of marine systems using CO2 gas or by acid addition, (3) net versus gross calcification and dissolution, and (4) CaCO3 mineral dissolution and seawater buffering. As a summation of these topics, we emphasize that: (1) many coastal environments experience seawater pCO2 that is significantly higher than expected from equilibrium with the atmosphere and is strongly linked to biological processes; (2) addition of acid, base or CO2 gas to seawater can all be useful techniques to manipulate seawater chemistry in ocean acidification experiments; (3) estimates of calcification or CaCO3 dissolution based on present techniques are measuring the net of gross calcification and dissolution; and (4) dissolution of metastable carbonate mineral phases will not produce sufficient alkalinity to buffer the pH and carbonate saturation state of shallow water environments on timescales of decades to hundreds of years to the extent that any potential negative effects on marine calcifiers will be avoided.
Information and Economic Interdependence

The pacifying effect of economic interdependence on conflict onset can be better understood in the context of "noisy" bargaining. Specifically, trading states bargain under less noisy conditions and, as a result, are unlikely to engage in militarized conflict. Noise is introduced into a generic take-it-or-leave-it bargaining game in the form of nonspecific asymmetric information about the defender's reservation value. Comparative statics show a positive monotonic relationship between variance in the noise term and the onset of militarized conflict. The relationships among economic interdependence, variance in the noise term, and conflict onset are evaluated with a Bayesian heteroskedastic probit model. Historical data are used to demonstrate that interdependence and uncertainty are related to each other and jointly related to the onset of militarized conflict. Uncertainty appears to be reduced by economic interdependence, and this leads to an enhanced probability of agreement short of a militarized clash.
Editorial---People of Marketing Science

The success of Marketing Science and its status as the premier quantitative journal in marketing depend critically on the contributions of its reviewers, associate editors, and authors. Marketing Science receives a wide variety of manuscripts that draw from a diverse set of paradigms and address a diverse set of substantive and methodological issues. Across the board, Marketing Science authors expect high-quality and timely reviews from the journal. The reviewers’ and associate editors’ work is all the more demanding because our submissions usually employ state-of-theart techniques and address sophisticated problems. During 2011, Marketing Science was ably served by 50 associate editors and more than 300 reviewers. In addition to our regular associate editors and editorial review board members, we benefit from the services of guest associate editors and ad hoc reviewers. Reviewers help us by providing quality control and helping the authors improve their papers through constructive comments. Our associate editors read manuscripts, synthesize review reports, and provide their expert recommendations. In addition, our reviewer selection process now incorporates voluntary suggestions from the associate editors. In cases involving potential conflict of interest, we also use guest editors-in-chief.1 We are very grateful to all the scholars who provide valuable service to the journal as regular and ad hoc reviewers, regular and guest associate editors, and guest editors-in-chief. Table 1 recognizes a subset of associate editors (regular and guest) who completed the most reports and/or had the fastest turnaround times during 2011. Table 2 lists our reviewers (regular and guest) who completed the most reviews and/or provided the fasted turnaround times in 2011.
The Internal Photoemission of Electrons and Holes from Metals into Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon

Internal photoemission is used to investigate the mobility edges in high quality, undoped, hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The detailed studies carried out on intimate metal/ a- Si:H Schottky barriers are described and results on the electron barrier heights of these contacts formed on a-Si:H having different bandgaps are presented. The observed dependence of the barrier heights on changes in the optical gap due to hydrogen incorporation indicates that not all of these changes are due to the shifts of the valence band edges. The first results on the injection of holes into the valence band of a-Si:H are reported.
Minimally Invasive Quadriceps-Sparing Cruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty

The extensor mechanism is a functional unit consisting of the quadriceps muscle, quadriceps tendon, the patella, and patellar tendon. Weakness or dysfunction of the extensor mechanism significantly compromises the function of both the native and replaced knee. Considering the importance of the extensor unit to the function and recovery of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, a variety of surgical techniques have been introduced to limit injury to the extensor mechanism.
Standard cell interconnect length prediction from structural circuit attributes

A new interconnect model is proposed that predicts the distribution parameters of net lengths. The model takes as input a standard cell netlist and provides as output estimates of the mean and variance offer length on a net by net basis. The model was developed and verified on designs produced with two different place and route algorithms.
Electron backscatter diffraction and photoluminescence of sputtered CdTe thin films

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has been used to characterize the grain size, grain boundary structure, and texture of sputtered CdTe at varying deposition pressures before and after CdCl 2 treatment in order to correlate performance with film microstructure. It is known that twin boundaries may have different electrical properties than high-angle grain boundaries and in this work we have included the effects of twin boundaries. We found better correlation of solar cell device performance to the twin-corrected grain size than to the standard grain size. In addition, we have correlated the photoluminescence (PL) spectra with device performance and with the EBSD results. We find that sputtering at 18 mTorr yields the highest efficiency, largest twin-corrected grain size and the strongest PL.
Massive threading: Using GPUs to increase the performance of digital forensics tools

The current generation of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) contains a large number of general purpose processors, in sharp contrast to previous generation designs, where special-purpose hardware units (such as texture and vertex shaders) were commonly used. This fact, combined with the prevalence of multicore general purpose CPUs in modern workstations, suggests that performance-critical software such as digital forensics tools be ''massively'' threaded to take advantage of all available computational resources. Several trends in digital forensics make the availability of more processing power very important. These trends include a large increase in the average size (measured in bytes) of forensic targets, an increase in the number of digital forensics cases, and the development of ''next-generation'' tools that require more computational resources. This paper presents the results of a number of experiments that evaluate the effectiveness of offloading processing common to digital forensics tools to a GPU, using ''massive'' numbers of threads to parallelize the computation. These results are compared to speedups obtainable by simple threading schemes appropriate for multicore CPUs. Our results indicate that in many cases, the use of GPUs can substantially increase the performance of digital forensics tools.
Species divergence and relationships in Stephanomeria (Compositae): PgiC phylogeny compared to prior biosystematic studies

We present a maximum likelihood tree of 41 PgiC sequences for the monophyletic Stephanomeria, with 10 perennial and six annual species, widely distributed in western North America and exemplary of different speciation processes. The phylogenetic analysis represents the first use of PgiC sequences for Compositae. The annual species were originally delimited by biosystematic studies that provided evidence of their reproductive compatibility and chromosome structural homology. The perennial species are highly distinctive in morphology and have not been examined similarly. The PgiC tree provides more resolution than our previous ITS/ETS tree and reflects both past and ongoing hybridization and/or incomplete lineage sorting. Two major PgiC clades were resolved in Stephanomeria. One clade contains the genes from the annual species plus the perennial, insular endemic S. guadalupensis, which appears closely related to a monophyletic S. virgata. Stephanomeria exigua is not monophyletic. The second clade includes the genes from all other sampled perennial species and a monophyletic subclade of four genes from two annual species. The results are compared to previous studies, also using PgiC, of Clarkia (Onagraceae). Both molecular systematic and biosystematic approaches are essential to discern the very different courses of evolution in these two, well-studied genera of western North America.
The role of lubricant entrapment at biological interfaces: Reduction of friction and adhesion in articular cartilage

Friction and adhesion of articular cartilage from high- and low-load-bearing regions of bovine knee joints were examined with a tribometer under various loads and equilibration times. The effect of trapped lubricants was investigated by briefly unloading the cartilage sample before friction testing, to allow fluid to reflow into the contact interface and boundary lubricants to rearrange. Friction and adhesion of high-load-bearing joint regions were consistently lower than those of low-load-bearing regions. This investigation is the first to demonstrate the regional variation in the friction and adhesion properties of articular cartilage. Friction coefficient decreased with increasing contact pressure and decreasing equilibration time. Briefly unloading cartilage before the onset of sliding resulted in significantly lower friction and adhesion and a loss of the friction dependence on contact pressure, suggesting an enhancement of the cartilage tribological properties by trapped lubricants. The results of this study reveal significant differences in the friction and adhesion properties between high- and low-load-bearing joint regions and elucidate the role of trapped lubricants in cartilage tribology.
Nonpsychotic Patients Referred to a Consultation Service

In order to examine characteristics of nondangerous and nonpsychotic patients referred to a consultation service, the authors administered self-rating scales and questionnaires to fifty referred medical patients and nonreferred controls. Recalled abuse in childhood appeared a stronger predictor for referral than some other commonly researched ones such as parental death, divorce or separation in childhood or recent losses. Anxiety, hostility and depression were significantly higher in referred patients, whereas hypochondriacal attitudes did not differ between the two groups. The findings appear to have implications for treatment.
Public Policy Induced Changes in Employment: Valuation Issues for Benefit-Cost Analysis

We explore the economic welfare effects of direct and indirect government-induced changes in employment under varying market conditions. We begin with a discussion of those policy-induced employment changes that seam- lessly reshuffle workers among jobs in an efficient (i.e., full-employment, full- information) economy; generally such changes create few, if any, net changes in economic welfare not captured in changes in wage bills. We then turn to the effects of policy-induced employment changes in economies with two market distortions: (1) inflexible wages set by law or custom that result in involuntary unemployment during periods of deficient aggregate demand, and (2) illiquidity resulting from imperfect capital markets that prevent people from borrowing against future earn- ings. Induced employment changes in these circumstances impose real net social costs or generate real net social benefits beyond changes in the wage bill. We also assess the likely magnitude of the social opportunity cost of labor in the case of involuntary unemployment and imperfect liquidity, and address how the welfare effects of such employment changes should be valued. Based on currently avail- able empirical research, we develop estimates of the opportunity costs of hiring or releasing an employee during periods of high unemployment with and without other market distortions. In contrast to conventional benefit-cost analysis practice, which treats releasing workers as having a negative opportunity cost, we estimate an opportunity cost for firing that is positive and equal to about 73% of pre-firing compensation, primarily because of the "scarring effect" of unemployment. Also in contrast to conventional practice, we estimate an opportunity cost for hiring an unemployed worker that is less than the worker's opportunity cost of time.
The separate roles of calcium and mechanical forces in mediating cell death in mechanically injured neurons

In this study, we examine the response of cultured hippocampal neurons to mechanical stretch. To measure the immediate response, we measured the response of a calcium sensitive fluorescent dye (Fura-2AM) prior to and for five minutes following stretch. In separate experiments, we measured the viability of the cells using propidium iodide labeling at 24 hours following a single stretch. Results show that cytosolic calcium increases immediately following stretch to levels much higher than those associated with maximal chemical agonist (NMDA) stimulation. Moreover, the calcium response data indicate a loss in calcium regulation in the neurons at the most severe level of stretch. Finally, at the highest levels of stretch, the cell survivability decreases at 24 hrs following the stretch injury. These data show the association between loss in calcium regulation and early signs of neuronal cell death.
Metallic Dome-Structure Systems

Presentation of systems including braced rib, solid rib, lamella, curvilinear lamella, lattice, geodesic, Kaiser stressed skin, inverted, and integral skin; retrospect is made from ancient sacred architectural form to one of most economical space structure systems in contemporary adaptation made possible by modern family of metallic structural materials.
The Fine Structures of H α and D α Under Varying Discharge Conditions

The fine structures of $\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\mathrm{D}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ have been observed under varying conditions of excitation in the discharge tube with pure hydrogen and pure deuterium maintained in each case at near liquid-air temperature, and with the aid of a Zeiss triple-prism spectrograph and a pair of Hilger quartz interferometer plates. The interference patterns obtained upon the photographic plates were analyzed with a Moll microphotometer. The microphotometer curves were reduced to intensity curves and to linear dispersion curves in the usual manner. From the final reduced curves analyses were made of the intensities and positions of the fine structure components. Within the limits of error of the observations the positions of the fine structure components were found to be invariant with changing discharge conditions. The average interval between the two main components of the complex was found to be 0.319 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for $\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and 0.321 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for $\mathrm{D}\ensuremath{\alpha}$. The second and third most intense components were optically resolved from each other in $\mathrm{D}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ but not in $\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{\alpha}$. The average interval between these components was found to be 0.130 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. According to theory these intervals are respectively 0.328 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and 0.108 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
Design and realization of primary equipment's passive temperature measurement system based on RFID

In order to reduce the risk of equipment damage and safety failure caused by o-ver-heating of key points of power system's primary equipment,this paper proposes an approach of passive temperature measurement system based on radio frequency identification technology.This system consists of passive temperature measurement sensor,handheld operation and maintenance terminal,RFID identification and transmission system,and operating condition assessment software package.This design is explained in detail.Measurement experiments are carried out as well as related safety and reliability analysis,which verifies the feasibility of the proposed approach.
A comparison of progesterone and R5020 binding in endometrium, ovary, pituitary, and hypothalamus

A cytoplasmic receptor is necessary for target tissues to respond to steroid hormones. Since the hypothalamic-pituitary unit is responsive to progestins, it might be expected to have a progesterone receptor. The clinical evaluation of receptors located in the central nervous system is not possible, so the clinical investigator must extrapolate from accessible tissues. To determine whether such extrapolation is valid, binding affinities and specificity of progesterone receptor sites in the cytoplasm of bovine uterus, ovary, hypothalamus, and pituitary were measured. In each particular tissue the receptors showed similar binding characteristics with progesterone and R5020. It is concluded that in a given species the receptor for progesterone is similar in all target tissues and probably results from the expression of the same gene.
Considerations in the management of open-heart surgery in uremic patients.

Life-threatening complications involving the central circulation commonly occur in uremic patients. The growing number of individuals maintained on long-term hemodialysis along with repeated demonstrations of their ability to tolerate major operative procedures are responsible for increasing surgical experience in this group. Despite a high incidence of subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) and accelerated coronary-atherosclerosis, exposure of such patients to open-heart operations has been limited. Our management of two patients who recently underwent valvular replacement is outlined and a review of the literature revealed that, during the past decade, 20 uremic patients have undergone a variety of cardiac procedures. The catastrophic results of medical therapy in such individuals with SBE are emphasized and early surgical intervention is recommended.
Lung cancer, smoking patterns, and mutagen sensitivity in Mexican-Americans.

BACKGROUND Mexican-Americans have lower age-adjusted lung cancer incidence rates than non-Hispanic whites and African-Americans. Since 87% of lung cancers are attributed to tobacco exposure, this difference could be explained partly by lower prevalence of cigarette smoking. However, only a fraction of exposed individuals will develop smoking-related cancer, and genetically determined differences in modulation of environmental exposures could also explain some of this ethnic risk differential in lung cancer incidence in the United States. However, little research on genetic susceptibility has been focused on Hispanic populations in the United States. METHODS We are conducting a case-control study of lung cancer in a high-risk group (African-Americans) and a low-risk group (Mexican-Americans) to evaluate ethnic differences in mutagen sensitivity by an in vitro assay that quantifies mutagen-induced chromosome breaks in short-term lymphocyte cultures. RESULTS In the 174 Mexican-Americans (67 lung cancer case patients and 107 control subjects) accrued to date, all measures of cigarette smoking (intensity, duration, nicotine and tar contents, depth of inhalation, and type of cigarette) were significant predictors of lung cancer risk. There were significantly higher risks associated with mutagen sensitivity (defined as > or = 1 break/cell) for both former smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9-21.9) and current smokers (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 0.6-11.1). Mutagen sensitivity also appeared to be implicated in risk in patients who were less than 55 years old at diagnosis (OR = 15.0; 95% CI = 1.0-228.9) and in those with lower cigarette exposure (OR = 11.0; compared with an OR of 1.7 for the heaviest smokers). The overall OR for mutagen sensitivity adjusted for age, sex, and pack-years of smoking was 2.9 (95% CI = 0.8-9.9). Neither current smoking status nor years of exposure shifted the sensitivity profile of case patients and control subjects. CONCLUSION Although this study showed higher percentages of nonsmokers among Mexican-Americans than our previously reported data for African-Americans, the Mexican-American case patients were heavier smokers than the African-American case patients. The prevalence of mutagen sensitivity for Mexican-Americans was 64.1% in case patients and 26.2% in control subjects. In African-Americans, mutagen sensitivity was previously reported to be 55.3% in case patients and 24.6% in control subjects. These preliminary data do not support our a priori hypothesis that a lower prevalence of mutagen sensitivity in Mexican-Americans would account for the lower incidence of lung cancer. Mutagen sensitivity, however, is only one of an array of potential susceptibility markers that we are evaluating in this unique population.
The transition from construction to operations on the ALMA control software

The Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) is a set of 66 millimeter wave antenna in the Andes in Northern Chile. All antennas are connected and operate as an interferometer making ALMA the most powerful millimeter telescope in the world. In 2013 ALMA formally marked the end of construction and the beginning of operations. This paper will focus on the impact, on the ALMA control software, of this transition from construction to operations.
The effect of institutional educational programming on prisoner misconduct

AbstractRelative to studies of recidivism, past research on prison educational programming has largely neglected to examine the relationship, if any, between participation in these programs and institutional misconduct. Using data from the National Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities (N = 6957), we assess the relationship between participation in prison educational programming and instances of prisoner misconduct, considering the types and completion of such programs. Utilizing a recently developed propensity score weighting procedure to adjust for selection into programming, our findings indicate that, contrary to research on educational participation and recidivism, those involved in prison educational programming are more likely to commit misconduct infractions than those who are not involved in these programs. Practical implications and directions for future research are explored.
Sexual Dimorphisms in the Nervous System of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract Throughout evolution, sensory information is processed by the opposing sexes into distinct sexually dimorphic behaviors. At the level of the nervous system, the cause of these dimorphic behaviors remains largely unknown. Dimorphism may result from differential structural or signaling properties of the neuronal network. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an ideal model to explore the genetic control of neuronal sex differences and the sexual regulation of the nervous system and behavior. The male and hermaphroditic nervous systems of C. elegans contain the same set of 294 neurons, but each sex also has its own set of sex-specific neurons. Comparisons of the C. elegans connectome between both sexes have revealed a striking dimension of sexual identity: specific neurons have sexually dimorphic synaptic connectivity. Here we review studies that try to elucidate how shared neuronal circuits are modulated to process sensory information in a sex-specific manner.
The Same, But Different

Why are American and British Evangelicals alike religiously but not politically? American Evangelicals pursue public interests through partisan and electoral systems, but British Evangelicals act via civic and social organizations. American Evangelicals are generally affiliated with the ideological Right and the Republican Party whereas British Evangelicals have no discernable ideological or partisan affiliation. In conversations with political and religious elites as well as focus groups in ten Evangelical congregations , Hatcher finds that political attitudes and behaviors, even among the same religious tradition, are situational according to cultural and political contexts. Different from the American experience, religious identity is not predicative of political identity for British Evangelicals.
Adjustment costs and threshold effects in factor demand relationships

ABSTRACTIt has been recently argued that producers may not respond to every input price change in the way that a linear factor demand model would predict. This lumpy response is due to adjustment costs that are inherent in the act of adjusting the mix of inputs applied in the underlying production technologies. This study aims to provide a solid conceptual framework for these nonlinearities in factor demand relationships. Industry-specific implications of convex and non-convex adjustment costs for the linearity of the factor demand relationships as well as price and substitution elasticities are explored. A two-regime threshold system of factor demand equations is estimated for several manufacturing industries in the United States. Empirical results suggest significant threshold effects in the factor demand relationships in most nondurable goods sectors. The size and the nature of thresholds depend upon industry characteristics, including input composition and (non)convexity of underlying adjustment costs...
Abstract 15962: Age, Sex, and Race Differences in Statin Discontinuation and Side Effect Patterns. The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Introduction: Many people discontinue statin therapy, with side effects thought to be a common reason for discontinuation. Determining the frequency of, and the reasons for, statin discontinuation ...
Structural and magnetic transitions in spinel FeM n 2 O 4 single crystals

Materials that form the spinel structure are known to exhibit geometric frustration, which can lead to magnetic frustration as well. Through magnetization and neutron diffraction measurements, we find that $\mathrm{FeM}{\mathrm{n}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ undergoes one structural and two magnetic transitions. The structural transition occurs at ${T}_{s}\ensuremath{\sim}595\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ from cubic at high temperatures to tetragonal at low temperatures. Two magnetic transitions are ferrimagnetic at ${T}_{\mathrm{FI}\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\sim}373\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and ${T}_{\mathrm{FI}\ensuremath{-}2}\ensuremath{\sim}50\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, respectively. Further investigation of the specific heat, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient confirms both magnetic transitions. Of particular interest is that there is a significant magnetic contribution to the low-temperature specific heat and thermal conductivity, providing a unique system to study heat transport by magnetic excitations.
Differential Effect of APOE ɛ4 Status and Elevated Pulse Pressure on Functional Decline in Cognitively Normal Older Adults.

Background/objective The APOE ɛ4 allele and increased vascular risk have both been independently linked to cognitive impairment and dementia. Since few studies have characterized how these risk factors affect everyday functioning, we investigated the relationship between APOE ɛ4 genotype and elevated pulse pressure (PP) on functional change in cognitively normal participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Methods 738 normally aging participants underwent APOE genotyping, and baseline PP was calculated from blood pressure indices. The Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) was completed by participants' informant at baseline and 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48-month follow-up visits. Multiple linear regression and multilevel modeling were used to examine the effects of PP and APOE ɛ4 genotype on cross-sectional and longitudinal FAQ scores, respectively. Results Adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates, results showed that both APOE ɛ4 status and elevated PP predicted greater functional difficulty trajectories across four years of follow-up. Interestingly, however, elevated PP was associated with greater functional decline over time in ɛ4 non-carriers versus carriers. Conclusion Results show that, although APOE ɛ4 status is the prominent predictor of functional difficulty for ɛ4 carriers, an effect of arterial stiffening on functional difficulty was observed in non-carriers. Future studies are needed in order to clarify the etiology of the association between PP and different brain aging processes, and further explore its utility as a marker of dementia risk. The present study underscores the importance of targeting modifiable risk factors such as elevated PP to prevent or slow functional decline and pathological brain aging.
Toward Understanding Regional Rates

In this chapter, we seek a further view of data about these eight conditions and other possible explanations for their regional diversity. This begins with an attempt to understand the variations in education achieved in the four regions.