cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Salztransport und Phasenumwandlung – Modellierung und numerische Lösung im Simulationsprogramm Delphin 5

Der Artikel gibt einen Uberblick uber die im Simulationsprogramm Delphin 5 implementierten Gleichungen, die den Zusammenhang zwischen Warme- und Feuchtetransport sowie Salztransport einschl. Phasenumwandlungen in kapillarporosen Baustoffen beschreiben. Ausgehend von einem Konvektions-Diffusionsmodell fur den Transport von binaren Salzlosungen wurde das Simulationsprogramm um ein Modell fur Salzgemische erweitert, welches den Transport und die Phasenumwandlungskinetik von Na-K-Cl-NO3-SO4-H2O-Systemen beschreibt. Ein kinetisches Modell fur die Losung und Kristallisation von Salzen wird vorgestellt, welches ebenso fur Hydratations- und Dehydratationsreaktionen verwendet werden kann. Weitere Schwerpunkte des Artikels sind die Modellierung der thermodynamischen Eigenschaften von Salzlosungen sowie deren Auswirkungen auf die Materialfunktionen und die gekoppelten Warme- und Feuchtetransportprozesse. Modeling and numerical solution of salt transport and phase transition in the simulation program Delphin 5. In this article an overview is given of the equations describing the coupled heat, moisture and salt transport including phase transitions in porous building materials which have been implemented in the simulation program Delphin 5. Based on a convection-diffusion model for transport of binary salt solutions the simulation code was extended by a transport model for salt mixtures. The model allows description of transport and phase transition processes of Na-K-Cl-NO3-SO4-H2O systems. A kinetic model for the phase transitions crystallization and dissolution is presented that can also be used for hydration and dehydration reactions. Particular focus also lies on the description of models for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of salt mixtures and their impact on material functions and on heat and moisture transport processes.
34.4L: Late-News Paper: Polarization Independent Projection Systems Using Thin Film Polymer Polarization Gratings and Standard Liquid Crystal Microdisplays

We report on our progress in using polymer Polarization Gratings (PGs) to enhance the brightness of standard Liquid Crystal (LC) microdisplays. By replacing conventional polarizers with PGs, high transmittance (>85%) and contrast ratios (>300:1) can be achieved with common LC modes and unpolarized input light. Using this approach, we demonstrate a polymer-PG projection display prototype with double the brightness compared to a polarizer-based system using the same illumination (input acceptance angles≥±15°).
Sinning Saints and Saintly Sinners The Paradox of Moral Self-Regulation

The question of why people are motivated to act altruistically has been an important one for centuries, and across various disciplines. Drawing on previous research on moral regulation, we propose a framework suggesting that moral (or immoral) behavior can result from an internal balancing of moral self-worth and the cost inherent in altruistic behavior. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to write a self-relevant story containing words referring to either positive or negative traits. Participants who wrote a story referring to the positive traits donated one fifth as much as those who wrote a story referring to the negative traits. In Experiment 2, we showed that this effect was due specifically to a change in the self-concept. In Experiment 3, we replicated these findings and extended them to cooperative behavior in environmental decision making. We suggest that affirming a moral identity leads people to feel licensed to act immorally. However, when moral identity is threatened, moral behavior is a means to regain some lost self-worth.
Anatomical variation between the prone, supine, and supine oblique positions on computed tomography: implications for percutaneous nephrolithotomy access.

Objective To determine anatomical variations between the prone, supine, and supine oblique positions that are likely to affect percutaneous renal access. Material and Methods Twenty patients underwent computed tomography urograms in the supine and prone positions. Twenty patients underwent supine oblique and prone scans. Mean nephrostomy tract length, maximum access angle, and anterior–posterior renal position were calculated. Results Mean nephrostomy tract length was shorter in the prone position (82.6 mm right kidney, 85.4 mm left kidney) compared with the supine position (108.3 mm right kidney, P P P = .048). Mean maximum access angle was significantly greater ( P = .018 right kidney; P = .007 left kidney) in the prone position (right kidney 99.7°, left kidney 104.0°) compared with the supine position (right kidney 87.7°, left kidney 89.4°). The same was true for the prone compared with the supine oblique position (75.8° vs 58.7°; P = .004). No difference was noted in anterior–posterior renal position between the supine and prone positions (20.3 mm vs 26.7 mm; P = .094) or supine oblique and prone positions (22.8 mm vs 15.6 mm; P = .45). Conclusions The prone position is associated with a significantly shorter nephrostomy tract length and more potential access sites, which may improve ease and safety of percutaneous renal access.
THE NUCLEOLUS IS THE SITE OF BORNA DISEASE VIRUS RNA TRANSCRIPTION AND REPLICATION

Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus with limited homology to rhabdoviruses and paramyxoviruses. A distinguishing feature of BDV is that it replicates in the nucleus of infected cells. Strand-specific probes used for in situ hybridization of infected rat brain showed that there was differential localization of positive- and negative-strand RNAs within the nucleus of neurons. Within nuclei, sense-strand RNAs were preferentially localized within nucleolar regions while genomic-sense RNAs were found in both nucleolar and nonnucleolar regions. These results suggested a role for the nucleolus in BDV replication. Nucleoli isolated from persistently infected neuroblastoma cells contained both genomic and antigenomic BDV RNA species as well as an enrichment of the 39/38-kDa and gp18 BDV proteins. Since the nucleolus is the site of rRNA transcription, we examined BDV transcription in the presence of inhibitors of RNA polymerase I. Inhibition of RNA polymerase I did not affect levels of BDV transcription.
Improving Social Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Pilot Intervention Combining Computerized Social Cognition Training With Cognitive Remediation

Background: Social cognition is significantly impaired in schizophrenia and contributes to poor community functioning. This study examined whether cognitive remediation (CR; COGPACK), shown to improve neurocognition, improves an integral component of social cognition, emotion perception, compared with CR combined with a computerized Emotion Perception intervention (Mind Reading: Interactive Guide to Emotions [MRIGE]).
Watershed Modeling Using GIS Technology: A Critical Review

Understanding and managing water resource problems involves complex processes and interactions within the watershed surface and subsurface. The imposition of total maximum daily load (TMDL) regulations on the pollutant influx to a watershed has created a strong demand for new assessment tools. The spatial scales relevant to transport of the pollutants may span many orders of magnitude, ranging from field plots to regional hydrological systems. As the demand for and development of watershed modeling capabilities have evolved, geographic information systems (GIS) in tandem with remote sensing technologies have played an essential role supporting both data collection and analysis. This paper reviews the current and future trends of GIS and remote sensing technologies in watershed modeling. The primary focus of this discussion is on spatial data availability and management, and further opportunities for model development.
Antenatal perineal massage decreases risk of perineal trauma during birth

Commentary on: Beckmann MM, Stock OM. Antenatal perineal massage for reducing perineal trauma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;(4):CD005123 Upwards of 70% of women experience perineal trauma during childbirth.1 Concern over such trauma is significant for pregnant women, particularly for those from ethnic minorities, where cultural differences have been found to increase worry about possible intervention, pain and discomfort associated with birth.2 Anecdotal reports have long suggested that performing perineal massage during pregnancy and labour is …
A gentle stroll through EP flux theory

Abstract The celebrated 1960 paper by Eliassen & Palm (hereafter EP) put on record several brilliant discoveries in the theory of linear waves on shear flows for rotating stratified fluid systems. These discoveries opened up a new perspective on linear wave dynamics in the atmosphere and on the nascent theory of nonlinear interactions between the waves and the mean flow. Arguably, the most important discovery was that of their eponymous wave activity flux vector in the meridional plane and of the conditions under which this important flux was non-divergent. In this short paper we will retrace some of the steps of EP and explore how their path-breaking discoveries came to be understood in the light of subsequent theories. Of course, an endeavour like this runs the risk of looking patronizing, if only because of 50 years of hindsight, but this is not intended: it was the power of their original discoveries that inspired five decades of further research, with new results still coming out today.
Relationship of Three Motives to Choice in the Prisoner's Dilemma

23 Ss each played 24 trials of a Prisoner's Dilemma Game against a confederate who mimicked their previous responses. Before each trial, Ss wrote briefly about their conscious thoughts and motivations. These written responses were scored for cooperativeness-competitiveness, trust-mistrust, and economic rationality. Correlations between response measures indicated that A-responses (allowing maximum joint earnings) were strongly influenced by both cooperativeness and trust but that B-responses (allowing maximum individual earnings) did not have as strong a relation to competitiveness. Analysis of differences among religious groups suggested that B-responses may sometimes measure economic rationality more strongly than either competitiveness or mistrust. The study suggests that the A-B response dichotomy may not always be coincident with a cooperative-competitive or trust-mistrust dichotomy.
Interactions between Diatoms and Bacteria

SUMMARY Diatoms and bacteria have cooccurred in common habitats for hundreds of millions of years, thus fostering specific associations and interactions with global biogeochemical consequences. Diatoms are responsible for one-fifth of the photosynthesis on Earth, while bacteria remineralize a large portion of this fixed carbon in the oceans. Through their coexistence, diatoms and bacteria cycle nutrients between oxidized and reduced states, impacting bioavailability and ultimately feeding higher trophic levels. Here we present an overview of how diatoms and bacteria interact and the implications of these interactions. We emphasize that heterotrophic bacteria in the oceans that are consistently associated with diatoms are confined to two phyla. These consistent bacterial associations result from encounter mechanisms that occur within a microscale environment surrounding a diatom cell. We review signaling mechanisms that occur in this microenvironment to pave the way for specific interactions. Finally, we discuss known interactions between diatoms and bacteria and exciting new directions and research opportunities in this field. Throughout the review, we emphasize new technological advances that will help in the discovery of new interactions. Deciphering the languages of diatoms and bacteria and how they interact will inform our understanding of the role these organisms have in shaping the ocean and how these interactions may change in future oceans.
Signature search time evaluation in flat file databases

For the first time, divisible load scheduling theory is used to solve for the expected time for searching for both single and multiple signatures in certain multiple processor database architectures. The target architectures examined for illustrative purposes are linear daisy chains and single level tree networks with single and multiple installment load distribution. The use of divisible load modeling and analysis yields elegant expressions for expected search time.
Energy efficiency in small-scale biointensive organic onion production in Pennsylvania, USA

Modern agriculture relies heavily on fossil energy for food production. Reducing fossil energy and replacing that energy with renewable energy is critical in attaining a sustainable food system. Hand-scale intensive food production offers a reduction in fossil energy and an increased use of renewable human-based energy. Using biointensive production techniques, onions (Allium cepa) were grown in Pennsylvania, USA. A life-cycle analysis was performed to monitor energy utilization. Individual human labor tasks were evaluated using the factor method. This method accounts for the type and duration of physical activity. The average yield of eight onion varieties utilizing biointensive production in standard-sized beds (9.3 m2;100 ft2) was 160.2 kg. The US average for mechanical onion production is 46.1 kg/9.3 m2 (100 ft2). The energy efficiency ratio, specific energy and energy productivity were 51.5, 0.03 MJ kg−1 and 32.2 kg MJ−1 (MJ=megajoule), respectively. When defined within common boundaries, these three relationships: energy input, energy output and yield productivity allow researchers, farmers and policy-makers to select production systems and/or practices that better manage fossil and renewable energy for food production. Current mechanized agriculture has an energy efficiency ratio of 0.9. With most energy being supplied by fossil fuels. The energy efficiency for biointensive production of onions in our study was over 50 times higher than this value (51.5) and 83% of the total energy required is renewable energy. Biointensive production offers a viable energy use alternative to current production practices and may contribute to a more sustainable food system.
Estimating the Probability of Events that Have Never Occured: When is Your Vote Decisive?

Researchers sometimes argue that statisticians have little to contribute when few realizations of the process being estimated are observed. We show that this argument is incorrect even in the extreme situation of estimating the probabilities of events so rare that they have never occurred. We show how statistical forecasting models allow us to use empirical data to improve inferences about the probabilities of these events. Our application is estimating the probability that your vote will be decisive in a U.S. presidential election, a problem that has been studied by political scientists for more than two decades. The exact value of this probability is of only minor interest, but the number has important implications for understanding the optimal allocation of campaign resources, whether states and voter groups receive their fair share of attention from prospective presidents, and how formal "rational choice" models of voter behavior might be able to explain why people vote at all. We show how the probability of a decisive vote can be estimated empirically from state-level forecasts of the presidential election and illustrate with the example of 1992. Based on generalizations of standard political science forecasting models, we estimate the (prospective) probability of a single vote being decisive as about 1 in 10 million for close national elections such as 1992, varying by about a factor of 10 among states. Our results support the argument that subjective probabilities of many types are best obtained through empirically based statistical prediction models rather than solely through mathematical reasoning. We discuss the implications of our findings for the types of decision analyses used in public choice studies.
Synthesis of [2-3H] creatine

A method for preparing [2-3H] creatine with high specific activity is described. [2-3H] Sarcosine is prepared from [2-3H] glycine and purified by ion-exchange chromatography. [2-3H] Creatine is then synthesized by reaction of the labeled sarcosine with cyanamide, and isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. Radiochemical purity of the labeled creatine was verified by isotope dilution analysis and by thin-layer chromatography.
Mechanoafferent neurons innervating tail of Aplysia. II. Modulation by sensitizing stimulation

The tail-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia can be sensitized by weak stimulation of a site outside the site used to test the reflex or by repeatedly stimulating the test site itself. The sensitization of tail-withdrawal responses is associated with enhanced activation of the tail motor neurons and heterosynaptic facilitation of the monosynaptic connections between the tail sensory neurons and tail motor neurons. This synaptic facilitation can occur under conditions in which neither posttetanic potentiation nor generalized changes in postsynaptic input resistance contribute to the facilitation. In addition to producing monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), action potentials in tail sensory neurons often recruit longer latency polysynaptic input to the tail motor neurons during sensitization. Strong, noxious tail shock similar in intensity to that used previously for sensitization and aversive classical conditioning of other responses in Aplysia produces more heterosynaptic facilitation than does weak sensitizing stimulation. Heterosynaptic facilitation builds up progressively with multiple trials and lasts for hours. Very strong shocks to the tail can change the response characteristics of tail sensory neurons so that a prolonged, regenerative burst of spikes is elicited by a brief intracellular depolarizing pulse. This bursting response produced by sensitizing stimulation has not been described previously in Aplysia sensory neurons and can greatly amplify the synaptic input to tail motor neurons from the sensory neurons. In addition, strong shocks to the tail increase the duration and magnitude of individual sensory neuron action potentials. Sensitizing tail stimulation usually produces long-lasting depolarization of the tail motor neurons and often long-lasting hyperpolarization of the tail sensory neurons. The tail motor and sensory neurons show both increases and decreases of input resistance following sensitizing stimulation. However, the small, occasional increases in input resistance of the motor neuron are insufficient to explain the heterosynaptic facilitation produced by sensitizing stimulation. Serotonin (5-HT) application can mimic many of the effects of sensitizing tail shock, including facilitation of both tail withdrawal and the monosynaptic connections between tail sensory and motor neurons, hyperpolarizing and depolarizing responses in the tail sensory neurons, and an increase in the duration and magnitude of the sensory neuron action potential. In the nearly isolated sensory neuron soma, 5-HT usually produces a slow, decreased conductance depolarizing response, suggesting that the 5-HT-induced hyperpolarizing response see
One Stroke, Two Survivors: The Incredible Journey of Berenice and Herb Kleiman, by Berenice Kleiman

The focus of One Stroke, Two Survivors is the experience of Berenice and Herb Kleiman following Herb's debilitating stroke. This first-hand account describes the physical and emotional trauma follo...
The cloud, online piracy and global copyright governance

Piracy is taking on an entirely new character in the age of media in the cloud. Global technology and business models are evolving rapidly, while regulators and lawmakers are catching up in attempts to work out a new set of rules of engagement. In this article, I explore the divergent developments between a retrograde global copyright governance regime and cloud-based media distribution that focuses on connectivity and access. I also examine attempts at business model innovation that seek to effectively embrace and control the continually evolving user–content–platform interaction in the cloud. This article will contribute to our understanding of this rapidly changing ecosystem and the dynamics between technology, law and market.
Validation of the Manufactured Home Energy Audit (MHEA)

The Manufactured Home Energy Audit (MHEA) is an energy audit tool designed specifically to identify recommended weatherization measures for mobile homes as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Weatherization Assistance Program. A field validation of MHEA was performed using billing/delivery data collected on 86 mobile homes heated primarily by electricity, natural gas, or propane to assess the audit's accuracy and the validity of its recommendations. The validation found that MHEA overpredicts the annual space-heating energy savings of weatherization measures to be installed in mobile homes, which leads to low realization rates, primarily because of its large overprediction of annual pre-weatherization space-heating energy consumption. However, MHEA's annual space-heating energy savings estimates and realization rates can be improved considerably using MHEA's built-in billing adjustment feature. In order to improve the accuracy of MHEA's annual space-heating energy savings estimates and realization rate, the cause of MHEA's overprediction of annual pre-weatherization space-heating energy consumption needs to be further investigated and corrected. Although MHEA's billing adjustment feature improved MHEA's annual space-heating energy savings estimates, alternative methods of making the correction that may provide improved performance should be investigated. In the interim period before permanent improvements to MHEA can be made, the following recommendationsmore » should be followed: (a) do not enter into MHEA insulation thicknesses of 1 in. or less and especially zero (0 in.) unless such low levels have been verified through visual inspection of several parts of the envelope area in question; (b) use MHEA's billing adjustment feature to develop a list of recommended measures based on adjusted energy savings if possible, especially in mobile homes that have several major energy deficiencies; and (c) do not use MHEA's "evaluate duct sealing" option at this time (although certainly seal all duct leaks and use diagnostics as appropriate to find leakage sites and quantify improvements).« less
Manganese protects against the effects of alcohol on hypothalamic puberty-related hormones.

Abstract Aims Since manganese (Mn) is capable of stimulating the hypothalamic-pituitary unit and advancing female puberty, we assessed the possibility that this element might overcome some of the detrimental effects of prepubertal alcohol (ALC) exposure on the hypothalamic control of pituitary function. Main methods Rats received either saline or Mn (10 mg/kg) daily by gastric gavage from day 12 to day 31. After weaning, all rats were provided Lab Chow diet ad libitum until day 27 when they began receiving either the Bio Serv control or ALC diet regime. On day 31, the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) was collected to assess luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) protein levels. Release of prostaglandin-E 2 (PGE 2 ), LHRH and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) were also assessed. Other animals were not terminated on day 31, but remained in study to assess timing of puberty. Key findings Short-term ALC exposure caused elevated hypothalamic LHRH content, suggesting an inhibition in peptide release, resulting in a decrease in LH. Both actions of ALC were reversed by Mn supplementation. COX2 synthesis, as well as PGE 2 and LHRH release were suppressed by ALC exposure, but Mn supplementation caused an increase in COX2 synthesis and subsequent PGE 2 and LHRH release in the presence of ALC. Mn supplementation also ameliorated the action of ALC to delay puberty. Significance These results suggest that low level Mn supplementation acts to protect the hypothalamus from some of the detrimental effects of ALC on puberty-related hormones.
The neural basis of ethanol dependence: is the withdrawal reaction mediated by localized changes in synaptic excitability?

The development of tolerance and physical dependence upon ethanol has been considered to reflect an interaction of this compound with the homeostatic mechanisms of cells within the central nervous system (cf. Kalant et al., 1971). According to this view, the presence of ethanol within the nervous system leads to the mobilization of cellular adaptive processes, which counteract the acute actions of ethanol and underlie the development of tolerance. Upon cessation of ethanol intake, these cellular adaptive processes constitute an aberrant homeostatic condition, which is manifested by the appearance of an acute withdrawal reaction. This notion has been unrivaled in its simplicity and has served as a template for the study of the phenomena of tolerance and dependence for all drugs of abuse. A variety of candidate cellular adaptive processes were initially proposed (Collier, 1965; Martin, 1965; Jaffe and Sharpless, 1965; Goldstein and Goldstein, 1968) and the search for neurochemical correlates of ethanol dependence has consumed the energies of countless investigators over the past decade.
Taking Care of Business: The Opportunities and Dilemmas for Adult Education in a Changing Economy

The new emphasis on vocational skills provides adult education a new raison d’etre and presents new developmental dilemmas to the field of adult education. This chapter examines these tensions in light of significant social change that places underqualified adults at great risk to a vicious cycle of marginalization and how adult education will be shaped by the way adult educators respond to these new demands and dilemmas.
PARÂMETROS GENÉTICOS DE CARACTERÍSTICAS PRODUTIVAS E REPRODUTIVAS EM ZEBUÍNOS DE CORTE (REVISÃO)

Developments in cattle raising and the need to sidered: birth weight (BW), _20 days (W_20), weaning make herds commercially enhanced have intensified the weight (W205), yearling weight (YW) and postyearling efforts to identify animals that grow and reproduce at ear-(PW), and the reproductive ones: yearling scrotal circunlier ages. In an attempt to facilitate research, through the ference (YSC) and postyearling (PSC) and age at first compilation and analysis of results for estimated genetic calving (AFC).The average estimates for direct, maternal parameters for productive and reproductive traits in zebu and total heritability were, respectively: 0.33; 0.09 and beef breeds, 67 publications were analyzed from both Na-0.27 (BW), 0.27; 0.08 and 0.2_ (W_20), 0.28; 0._2 and tional and international journals in the fields of Animal 0.24 (WW), 0.3_; 0._0 and 0.26 (YW), 0.35; 0.05 and Science/Fishing Resources between _995 and 2005, all of 0._8 (PW). Nearly 70% of all articles were published in which are rated A or B by the QUALIS program (2005) journals rated A, with international circulation, and 78% at CAPES’s Portal. The productive traits had been con-concern the Nelore breed. KEY WORDS: Age at first calving, genetic correlation, heritability, scrotal circumference, weights.
Giant Magnetoresistance in Sputter-Deposited Granular Ag-Co Thin Films

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is reported in as-deposited Ag1-xCox (x = 0.26-0.53) films co-sputtered on Si from separate Ag and Co targets. GMR ratios (10 KOe maximum field) exceeding 0.50 and 0.19 at 5 and 295 K, respectively, are observed for the Ag067Co0.33 films deposited at ≃28 to 175 °C. The maximum ratios of 0.55 and 0.24 occur at a substrate temperature of ≃125 °C for these films. The ratios decrease rapidly for the films deposited at temperatures > 175 °C and reduce to ≃0.15 and 0.04 at deposition temperatures ≥300 °C. This deposition temperature dependence of GMR ratios is interpreted in terms of the change in the spin-dependent interfacial electron scatterings due to the change in the size and number of ferromagnetic Co particles within the electron mean free path. The initial increase and the subsequent decrease in GMR ratios with increasing deposition temperature are attributed to the increase in the mean free path, and the Co and Ag particle size, respectively. Changes in mean free path are obtained from the resistivities of these films while changes in Ag and Co particles are deduced mainly from the X-ray diffraction patterns, transmission electron micrographs, and the coercivities of these films.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Organoiodocuprate Complexes [Li(THF)4][2,6-Mes2H3C6Cu2I2] (Mes = C6H2-2,4,6-Me3) and (Et2O)2Li{ICuC6H3-2,6-Trip2} (Trip = C6H2-2,4,6-i-Pr3)

Treatment of CuI with 2 equiv of LiC6H3-2,6-Mes2 (Mes = C6H2-2,4,6-Me3) in Et2O/THF solution affords the species [Li(THF)4][2,6-Mes2H3C6Cu2I2] (1), which was characterized by 1H, 7Li, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and by X-ray crystallography. An analogous reaction involving CuI and 1 equiv of LiC6H3-2,6-Trip2 (Trip = C6H2-2,4,6-i-Pr3) gives the contact ion-pair species (Et2O)Li{ICuC6H3-2,6-Trip2} (2), which was characterized similarly. Compounds 1 and 2 represent very rare instances of well-characterized organohalocuprate species. The unique structure of the anion in 1 features two copper iodides bound to the ipso-carbon of the m-terphenyl ligand −C6H3-2,6-Mes2. The organic group interacts almost equally strongly with each copper, and there is a very short Cu−Cu distance of 2.391(3) A. The copper in compound 2 is bound in an almost linear fashion by an iodide and an ipso-carbon atom from the ligand −C6H3-2,6-Trip2. The iodide is also bound to a lithium ion (which is solvated by two ethers) such that there is ...
Control of the Tobacco Moth with Dichlorvos

Dichlorvos was applied in tobacco warehouses to control the tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella (Hubner). Treatments applied weekly from midsummer through fall in 1959 reduced the number of moths caught in traps to nearly half that of 1958. Regular treatments starting in the spring as soon as moths began to appear resulted in a 99% reduction in 1960 and 90% in 1961. During the same time, the number of moths trapped in untreated ware-houses increased.
A “Push−Pull” Mechanism for Heterolytic O−O Bond Cleavage in Hydroperoxo Manganese Porphyrins

A water-soluble manganese porphyrin, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-yl)porphyrinatomanganese(III) (MnIIITDMImP) is shown to react with H2O2 to generate a relatively stable dioxomanganese(V) porphyrin complex (a compound I analog). Stopped-flow kinetic studies revealed Michaelis Menton-type saturation kinetics for H2O2. The visible spectrum of a compound 0 type intermediate, assigned as MnIII(OH)(OOH)TDMImP, can be directly observed under saturating H2O2 conditions (Soret band at 428 nm and Q bands at 545 and 578 nm). The rate-determining O−O heterolysis step was found to have a very small activation enthalpy (ΔH≠ = 4.2 ± 0.2 kcal mol−1) and a large, negative activation entropy (ΔS≠ = −36 ± 1 cal mol−1 K−1). The O−O bond cleavage reaction was pH independent at 8.8 < pH < 10.4 with a first-order rate constant of 66 ± 12 s−1. These observations indicate that the O−O bond in MnIII(OH)(OOH)TDMImP is cleaved via a concerted “push−pull” mechanism. In the transition state, the axial (proximal) −OH...
3D RoboMET Characterization

The goal of this project is to generate 3D microstructural data by destructive and non-destructive means and provide accompanying characterization and quantitative analysis of such data. This work is a continuing part of a larger effort to relate material performance variability to microstructural variability. That larger effort is called “Predicting Performance Margins” or PPM. In conjunction with that overarching initiative, the RoboMET.3D™ is a specific asset of Center 1800 and is an automated serialsectioning system for destructive analysis of microstructure, which is called upon to provide direct customer support to 1800 and non-1800 customers. To that end, data collection, 3d reconstruction and analysis of typical and atypical microstructures have been pursued for the purposes of qualitative and quantitative characterization with a goal toward linking microstructural defects and/or microstructural features with mechanical response. Material systems examined in FY15 include precipitation hardened 17-4 steel, laser-welds of 304L stainless steel, thermal spray coatings of 304L and geological samples of sandstone.
Size-isolation of ultrasound-mediated phase change perfluorocarbon droplets using differential centrifugation

Perfluorocarbon droplets that are capable of an ultrasound-mediated phase transition have applications in diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound. Techniques to modify the droplet size distribution are of interest because of the size-dependent acoustic response of the droplets. Differential centrifugation has been used to isolate specific sizes of microbubbles. In this work, differential centrifugation was employed to isolate droplets with diameters between 1 and 3 μm and 2 and 5 μm from an initially polydisperse distribution. Further, an empirical model was developed for predicting the droplet size distribution following differential centrifugation and to facilitate the selection of centrifugation parameters for obtaining desired size distributions.
An investigation of plastic surgery operative cancellations in a VA population

Late surgery cancellations are a well-known source of frustration to the surgical services. This is no less so in the veterans population where resources are limited and demand is high. A topic of frequent discussion in specialty clinics, the operating room, preanesthesia holding, and administrative meetings is: “What accounts for the cancellation rate?” and “Can the posting schedule be adjusted to predict for late cancellations?”; and, therefore, avoid lost opportunities for veteran care. The North Florida/South Georgia Plastic Surgery Service is based in the Malcom Randall VA Medical Center in Gainesville. It is a largely ambulatory service utilizing two different hospitals. The service took an interest in identifying trends in cancellations with the intent to predict and potentially intervene with new policies and procedures that may help minimize those late cancellations. Systems-based problems affecting the plastic surgery service can be translated to other services and facilities with a largely outpatient surgical populations.
A cross-cultural comparison of four healing models

Although Western medicine has tended to ignore other systems of preventing and treating disease and illness, practitioners of these systems serve more of the world's population than do allopathic practitioners. This paper contrasts allopathy with Chinese medicine, curanderismo, and a Native American healing system, using a 12-facet model. It points out the importance of knowing about alternative models of healing, especially in regard to religious and spiritual problems, in a multicultural society.
Hysteresis-free and submillisecond-response polymer network liquid crystal

We demonstrate a polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) with negligible hysteresis while keeping submillisecond response time. By doping about 1% dodecyl acrylate (C12A) into the liquid crystal/monomer precursor, both hysteresis and residual birefringence are almost completely eliminated. The operating voltage and scattering properties remain nearly intact, but the tradeoff is enhanced double relaxation. This hysteresis-free PNLC should find applications in spatial light modulators, laser beam control, and optical communications in infrared region.
A Journey through Grief: An Analysis of an Adult Child's Grief in the Loss of a Mother:

The purposes of this article are (1) to analyze the loss of the author's mother to determine and understand its effect on the present life of the bereaved and (2) to enable professional helpers to understand and develop therapeutic strategies for helping bereaved individuals. The author gives an account of a personal experience of grief of an adult child who experienced the accidental death of her mother in an automobile crash. This grief experience is complicated by the family relationship of the driver of the vehicle to the adult griever. Two basic issues are examined: the grief of the adult child and the struggle to forgive the driver. Primary data are the personal reflections of the presenter, and secondary data are references related to the grief experience of parental loss, particularly the impact of the loss of the mother on the adult child. The current status of this journey in grief is evaluated. Positive outcomes from this painful experience are shared, and tentative conclusions about the experi...
Book Review of Rhode, Adultery, Infidelity and the Law: Adultery, Trust and Children

Deborah Rhode writes that while adultery is admittedly not good, it should not be criminal. She argues that it should not generate a tort action either, because the original purposes for which the torts of alienation of affections and criminal conversation come from a time with quite different views about marriage and gender, while no-fault and speedy divorce today give adequate remedies to the wronged spouse. Further, adultery should not affect employment (as a politician or in the military) unless it directly impacts job performance. My own reluctance to disengage adultery and law stems from the seriousness of adultery. First, the destruction of trust that adultery both signals and produces does considerable damage. Second, though she certainly notes that the injured spouse has a beef against the adulterous one, and does briefly consider the harms done to children under various adultery scenarios, Rhode underplays the direct (through their own tendencies to trust or to be faithful as adults) and indirect (through the likely divorce to follow and its particular nastiness) damage done to the children of adulterous marriages.The review includes correlation analysis from documents filed in divorces with children from two counties in Arizona and five in Indiana that began in the months of January, April and September, 2008. These allow adultery to be inferred from the pleadings relating to the custody and child support. More commonly, however, the child support worksheet indicated that a child with a birthdate during the marriage was not owed support by both parents. Despite any lack of legal consequences in these divorces, the analysis shows that adultery cases are particularly costly in terms of increased litigation, especially custody litigation, and are at least associated with pre-divorce allegations of domestic violence in both states and post-decree allegations of domestic violence in Indiana. The review continues with suggestions that for childless couples, the status quo be maintained, leaving adultery to be the subject either of societal disapproval or criminal law, whatever the state has chosen. However, because of the serious consequences for children, sums payable to them may provide a form of restitution.
A Supertypic DRw53 Determinant is Carried on the HLA-DR Subset of Class II Molecules on HLA-DR7 Cell Lines

The HLA class II molecules carrying a supertypic DRw53 determinant have been characterized in biochemical studies through the use of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) PL3. This mAb binds specifically to all DR4, DR7, and DRw9 cells tested. A panel of mAbs which recognize various non-polymorphic determinants on subsets of HLA class II molecules has been used in parallel with PL3 to immunoprecipitate these 125I-labeled cell surface molecules from detergent lysates of HLA-DR homozygous cell lines. Examination of HLA-DR7 cell lines showed that the two-dimensional patterns of alpha and beta chains immunoprecipitated by PL3 were identical to those immunoprecipitated by the group of mAbs specific for the HLA-DR subset of class II molecules. Furthermore, sequential immunoprecipitation studies showed that the DRw53-specific mAb completely removed the HLA-DR subset of molecules from lysates of HLA-DR7 cell lines without removing the other subsets of class II molecules.
A 350mV–900mV 2.1GHz 0.011mm 2 regular expression matching accelerator with aging-tolerant low-V MIN circuits in 14nm tri-gate CMOS

A regular expression matching on-die accelerator, consisting of a hybrid deterministic finite automata (HDFA) and Bloom filter (BLM), with measured 2.1GHz operation, is fabricated in 14nm tri-gate CMOS and occupies 0.011mm2. HDFA integrates probability-based truncation, unique transition-state pairs isolation, parallel common transitions detection, and NFA empty transitions. BLM implements a fused 2-hash NOR match bit-line, 1bit read circuits, and sparse H3 hash. These techniques and aging-tolerant read/write register file circuits (120mV/180mV improved V MIN ) achieve 350mV–900mV wide dynamic voltage range with peak throughput of 15.2Gbps–17.1Gbps consuming 3.7mW-4.5mW measured at 750mV, 25°C and maximum energy-efficiency of 17.5Tbps/W–12.5Tbps/W measured at near-threshold 350mV.
On secure communication over a class of degraded relay networks

In this paper we consider a class of degraded relay networks with multiple receivers, address the capacity region for the multicast case, and consider information-theoretic security aspects. Exemplary, we study a degraded relay network, which is comprised of one source, an arbitrary number of relay nodes, and two receiver nodes in a degraded setting. Based on a simple combination of superposition encoding and decode-and-forward at the relay nodes we provide an achievable rate region for this network. We then consider a related setup where the weaker receiver node now plays the role of an eavesdropper who is able to listen to the transmission of the source and all relays in the network. Based on the result for the degraded relay network case we then provide an achievable secrecy rate for this setup.
Forming solder filet on leadframe edges of a QFN with immersion tin

The QFN package is one of several package technologies that connect ICs to the surfaces of PCBs without through-holes. The standard QFN Package soldered on a PCB is shown on fig. 1 a). The side edges of th. QFN are not covered by solder, which results in the fact that the package is soldered only planar in: dimensions from the QFN bottom side onto the PCB as shown on fig. 1 b). The QFN were the side edge is covered by immersion tin will keep the side edged of a QFN solderable. This allows the package to be soldered in 3 dimensions onto the PCB providing a stronger solder joint and; better reliability. The suggested paper describes a new process to cover the side edges of the package with immersion tin after the QFN package singulation step. The exposed lead frame edges are covered by immersion tin. No exposed copper is visible and delivers a three dimensional solder joint with better reliability and protection for the soldered package.
Association of rare haplotypes on ULK4 and MAP4 genes with hypertension

Several variants have been implicated earlier on ULK4 and MAP4 genes on chromosome 3 to be associated with hypertension. As a natural follow-up step, we explore association of haplotypes in those genes. We consider the Genetic Analysis Workshop 19 real data on unrelated individuals and analyze haplotype blocks of 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms through a sliding window approach. We apply 4 haplotype association methods-haplo.score, haplo.glm, hapassoc, and logistic Bayesian LASSO (LBL)-and for comparison, sequence kernel association test (SKAT) and its variants. We find several rare haplotype blocks to be associated. To get an idea about the false-positive proportions, we also analyzed the data after permuting the case-control status of individuals. We found that LBL, unlike the other methods, maintains low false-positive rates in presence of rare haplotypes. Thus, we conclude that the haplotypes found to be associated by LBL are more likely to be true positive. SKAT and its variants did not find significance on either gene.
Strategies nurse educators use to integrate computer-assisted instruction into their courses to teach clinical decision-making

The strategies nurse educators' use to integrate computer-assisted instruction (CAI) designed to teach clinical decision-making into their courses were investigated to determine their frequency of use and effectiveness. The "Integration of CAI Questionnaire," an on-line electronic survey designed by the investigator, was used to collect data. A stratified randomly-selected group of 109 schools of nursing that was a statistically representative mix of baccalaureate (BSN), associate (AD) and diploma schools from each of six geographic regions of the United States comprised the sample. The study questions were as follows: (1) What integration strategies have nurse educators used to integrate CAI? (2) How effective did participants perceive the strategies were for increasing student learning, decreasing course costs, students' time and the teachers' time? (3) What were the key features of the schools and educators that integrated CAI effectively? (4) What types of software did nurse educators use to teach clinical decision-making? (5) How effective were their peers at integrating the software and how effectively did they integrate commercially-purchased and in-house produced software? Statistical analysis consisted of measures of central tendency, frequencies, and percentages. The Pearson r was used to determine the relationships between the frequency of use and perceptions of the effectiveness of the strategies. The findings showed that 71% of the schools used CAI and that more AD (81%) and diploma schools (80%) used CAI than BSN (56%). In fact, AD schools and teachers used CAI more on most measures and rated their peers as more "effective" at integrating CAI than their BSN counterparts. Twenty-nine of the 44 strategies were "frequently" used and 17 were perceived to be "effective." Significant correlations (p < 0.01) were noted for "explain CAI, explain objectives, motivate, integrate, individual mode, course exam and follow-up." "Technical" and "instructional" support were the two most "frequently" used and "effective" strategies for increasing learning and decreasing students' and teachers' time but not costs. BSN schools used more strategies "frequently" but almost no differences in AD and BSN participants' perceptions of "effectiveness" were noted. Tutorials and drill-and-practice programs were used most and 95% of the programs were commercially-purchased.
Next generation sequencing of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer to reveal potential biomarkers and rational therapeutic targets.

302Background: We examined a cohort of index pre-treatment NMIBC tumors using Next Generation Sequencing to identify genetic alterations with potential clinical implications. Methods: 105 patients on a prospective IRB-approved protocol had their pre-treatment index NMIBC tumor and matched germline DNA sequenced with a 341 cancer-associated gene panel in a CLIA-certified clinical laboratory. A genitourinary pathologist reviewed representative H&E slides to confirm grade, stage, and urothelial histology. Restaging TUR was performed in all HGT1 tumors. Results: To characterize the genomic landscape of NMIBC, we analyzed 105 tumors across the disease spectrum including LGTa (n = 23), HGTis (n = 12), HGTa (n = 32) and HGT1 (n = 38). The most frequently altered genes in NMIBC were the TERT promoter (74%), FGFR3 (50%), KDM6A (47%), ARID1A (28%), PIK3CA (27%), KMT2D (24%), STAG2 (21%), and CDKN2A (17%). 81% of tumors had inactivating alterations in a chromatin-modifying gene. Alterations in the RTK/RAS/PIK3 pathw...