cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Levels and incidences of pesticide residues in various foods and animal feeds analyzed by the Luke multiresidue methodology for fiscal years 1982-1986.

During a 5 year period from 1982 to 1986, the FDA Los Angeles District Laboratory analyzed 19,851 samples of domestic and imported food and feed commodities for pesticide residues. A single, rapid, multiresidue method was used. The resultant data have been compiled showing the commodities sampled and the identity and range of levels of pesticide residues detected, including an indication of those residue findings that did not comply with U.S. federal tolerance levels. The residue data presented should not be viewed as being representative of the U.S. food supply; rather, the results are indicative of a surveillance- and compliance-oriented sampling of various food shipments collected by the Los Angeles District.
Predictive value of contralateral biopsies in unilaterally palpable prostate cancer.

AbstractWe studied 153 patients with tumors digitally localized to 1 prostatic lobe with transrectal ultrasound and bilateral biopsy. Of these patients 65 (42%) had tumor in the clinically benign lobe as well as the suspicious lobe, These patients had higher serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels (27.7 ± 28.1 versus 14.3 ± 16.7ng./ml., p = 0.0001) than those with negative contralateral biopsies.Radical prostatectomy was done in 57 patients; the 25 with positive bilateral biopsies had larger tumors (6.3 ± 6.0 versus 2.5 ± 2.4cc, p = 0.0008) and a much higher likelihood of capsular penetration into the periprostatic fat (72% versus 28%, p = 0.0025) than the 32 with unilaterally positive biopsies. Patients with bilaterally positive biopsies also were more likely to have nodal disease (8% versus 0%), seminal vesicle invasion (20% versus 6%), positive margins (32% versus 19%) and biochemical (PSA) evidence of recurrence (20% versus 3%), although none of these differences was statistically significant.Of ...
HPC node performance and energy modeling with the co-location of applications

Multicore processors have become an integral part of modern large-scale and high-performance parallel and distributed computing systems. Unfortunately, applications co-located on multicore processors can suffer from decreased performance and increased dynamic energy use as a result of interference in shared resources, such as memory. As this interference is difficult to characterize, assumptions about application execution time and energy usage can be misleading in the presence of co-location. Consequently, it is important to accurately characterize the performance and energy usage of applications that execute in a co-located manner on these architectures. This work investigates some of the disadvantages of co-location, and presents a methodology for building models capable of utilizing varying amounts of information about a target application and its co-located applications to make predictions about the target application’s execution time and the system’s energy use under arbitrary co-locations of a wide range of application types. The proposed methodology is validated on three different server class Intel Xeon multicore processors using eleven applications from two scientific benchmark suites. The model’s utility for scheduling is also demonstrated in a simulated large-scale high-performance computing environment through the creation of a co-location aware scheduling heuristic. This heuristic demonstrates that scheduling using information generated with the proposed modeling methodology is capable of making significant improvements over a scheduling heuristic that is oblivious to co-location interference.
Statistical Thermodynamics and Stochastic Kinetics: Molecular dynamics simulations

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations generate trajectories of microstates in phase space. They simulate the time evolution of classical systems by numerically integrating the equations of motion. With their strength tied to available computer speed, simulations continue to become a more powerful tool. A letter to the Journal of Chemical Physics by B. J. Alder and T. E. Wainwright in 1957 was the first work that reported results from molecular dynamics simulations. The Lawrence Radiation Laboratory scientists studied two different sized systems with 32 and 108 hard spheres. They modeled bulk fluid phases using periodic boundary conditions. In the paper they mention that they counted 7000 and 2000 particle collisions for 32 and 108 particle systems, respectively. This required one hour on a UNIVAC computer. Incidentally, this was the fifth such commercial computer delivered out of the 46 ever produced. The computer cost around $200 000 in 1952 and each of ten memory units held 100 words or bytes. Nowadays, a $300 personal computer with a memory of approximately 500 000 000 bytes can complete this simulation in less than 1 second. And Moore's empirical law that computer power doubles every 18 months still holds. Alder and Wain wright computed the pressure of the system and their results compared favorably to results of Monte Carlo simulations of the same system. In the paper, they state in an unduly reserved manner that “this agreement provides an interesting confirmation of the postulates of statistical mechanics for this system.”
Some Restrictions on Constitutive Equations; Discussion Paper

This paper presents a clear and concise discussion of concepts associated with the stability of equilibrium configurations of an elastic body subjected to dead-loading conditions which generate finite deformations. Thermal effects are not specifically included, although analogous considerations will arise in the extension to the more general problem of thermodynamic equilibrium. The development of the Hadamard stability condition is presented in terms of the strain energy density, U, a function of the deformation gradient tensor xi,A of the deformed position, xi, with respect to the reference position, XA. It is shown that the Hadamard condition constitutes a local convexity condition in the neighbourhood of the equilibrium configuration at each material point of the body.
Training directors' opinions about the psychiatry resident in-training examination (PRITE).

OBJECTIVE The American College of Psychiatrists conducted research to validate the content outline of the Psychiatry Resident In-Training Examination (PRITE) and to assess what residency training directors think about the examination. METHOD A mail survey was sent to the 218 psychiatry residency training directors who subscribe to the PRITE. RESULTS The survey response rate was 70%. A majority of the respondents indicated agreement with the relative emphasis given to each content area in the PRITE (range = 52%-80% agreement). Eighty-one percent of the respondents were strongly in favor of continuing the practice of releasing the examination and the correct responses each year after the examinations have been scored. The majority of the respondents use results on the PRITE for individual resident evaluation and program evaluation (90% and 94%, respectively). Very few respondents use the PRITE results as the sole measure for assessing residents' cognitive competence or use it for marketing their residency programs. CONCLUSIONS The survey provided strong support for the content areas covered in the PRITE and their relative emphases. The current practice of releasing PRITE items and answers (a main difference between the PRITE and the certification examination of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology) was well supported by the survey results. The stated purpose of the PRITE, to provide educationally useful feedback for individuals and groups in the form of comparisons with peers in specific areas of knowledge, was supported by a large majority of the respondents.
Formality theorem for g-manifolds

Abstract With any g -manifold M are associated two dglas tot ( Λ • g ∨ ⊗ k T poly • ( M ) ) and tot ( Λ • g ∨ ⊗ k D poly • ( M ) ) , whose cohomologies H CE • ( g , T poly • ( M ) → 0 T poly • + 1 ( M ) ) and H CE • ( g , D poly • ( M ) → d H D poly • + 1 ( M ) ) are Gerstenhaber algebras. We establish a formality theorem for g -manifolds: there exists an L ∞ quasi-isomorphism Φ : tot ( Λ • g ∨ ⊗ k T poly • ( M ) ) → tot ( Λ • g ∨ ⊗ k D poly • ( M ) ) whose first ‘Taylor coefficient’ (1) is equal to the Hochschild–Kostant–Rosenberg map twisted by the square root of the Todd cocycle of the g -manifold M, and (2) induces an isomorphism of Gerstenhaber algebras on the level of cohomology. Consequently, the Hochschild–Kostant–Rosenberg map twisted by the square root of the Todd class of the g -manifold M is an isomorphism of Gerstenhaber algebras from H CE • ( g , T poly • ( M ) → 0 T poly • + 1 ( M ) ) to H CE • ( g , D poly • ( M ) → d H D poly • + 1 ( M ) ) .
Engineering of Chimeric Proteins to Enhance Immunogenicity for the Production of High-Affinity Specific Monoclonal Antibodies

A wide range of biomedical research and diagnostic applications utilize high-affinity antibodies, the production of which depends on effective immunogens. However, some proteins are intrinsically weak immunogens incapable of eliciting a strong immune response for the production of useful antibodies. To remedy this problem, weak immunogens are conjugated to exogenous carrier proteins to increase immunogenicity and provide an adjuvant effect. In the present study, we tested an alternative strategy of using chimeric fusion protein constructs to enhance immunogenicity. We first applied the N-terminal domain of glucose-regulated protein 96 (GRP-NTD), a protein with newly identified activities in autoimmune diseases, as a carrier to present several experimentally identified weak immunogens: cardiac troponin C (cTnC), the N-terminal peptide of cardiac troponin T (N69), and the C-terminal peptide of calponin 2 (C85). Antigen peptides were engineered to the N-terminus of the carrier, expressed in E. coli, large scale purified, and injected intramuscularly into adult mice without adjuvants. The effects of immunization were assessed by ELISA titration of serum samples after three immunizations and/or the outcome of high-affinity specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in hybridoma development. The results demonstrate significantly enhanced immunogenicity for cTnC and N69, but not C85. Based on an observation that cloned mouse ApoE protein served as an effective carrier for the production of mAb against a small peptide, we constructed a C85-ApoE fusion protein for hybridoma development. Surprisingly, C85-ApoE immunization was not effective for C85 but yielded high-affinity mAbs against mouse ApoE, an endogenous protein abundant in host plasma. The results suggest a potentially new strategy of using chimeric immunogens to improve the production of specific antibodies.
Intelligent Kinetic Systems in Architecture

This research develops a concept for the application of smart environments to kinetic systems in architecture. The motivation lies in creating spaces and objects that can physically re-configure themselves to meet changing needs. Intelligent kinetic systems arise from the isomorphic convergence of three key elements: structural engineering, sensor technology and adaptable architecture. At the intersection of these areas exists an unexplored physical architecture tuned to address today’s dynamic, flexible and constantly changing needs. Intelligent kinetic systems are unique to the field of architecture where objects are conventionally static, use is often singular, and responsive spatial adaptability is relatively unexplored.
The reluctant social entrepreneur: shaving entrepreneurship theories when they are square pegs for round holes

Research on social entrepreneurship has grown rapidly over the past decade. Despite this growth, the literature does not provide insight for the person who could gain by pursuing social entrepreneurship initiatives, but who has no desire to pursue a social mission. This paper explores this issue using the case of the struggling rural North Carolina tobacco farmers who could gain greatly by changing crops to organic wheat, but are reluctant to do so. We believe that the existence of disciplinary silos generates the major obstacle to generating and applying relevant entrepreneurship knowledge to the plight of rural tobacco farmers, and to other groups facing similar situations. The paper argues that applying entrepreneurship literature relating to risk perception and entrepreneurial ecosystems may provide insights. It further contends that the definition of social entrepreneurship may need to be expanded if it is to include the 'reluctant social entrepreneur'.
The Crosstalk Between Mitochondria and the Epigenetic Landscape

Mitochondria are well-recognized for their role in ATP and reactive oxygen species generation, in addition to producing intermediate metabolites through the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle. The crosstalk between metabolism and epigenetic modifications in the nucleus is becoming increasingly evident but the extent to which mitochondrial metabolites are required for these effects remains largely unknown. We recently showed using a cell culture model of acute mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion that electron flow sustains a functional oxidative TCA cycle, which in turn is necessary to maintain histone acetylation in the nucleus. Following this work, we have interrogated genome-wide locus specific changes in histone acetylation and in DNA methylation, and the extent to which these regulate gene expression. The time-wise progression and the signals associated with these events will be discussed.
Dancing in the Sky of Consciousness: Architectonics and Answerability in the Aesthetic Vision of Malavika Sarukkai

The chapter shows how the key concepts in Bakhtin’s works on aesthetics like architectonics and answerability are manifested in the dance of Malavika Sarukkai. The key features of creativity evident in the performances of this eminent Bharata Natyam dancer are discussed in the light of Bakhtin’s works and performance traditions of India. The article weaves in ideas taken from Abhinavagupta’s commentary on Natya Sastra to show the dialogic sophistication that existed in the ancient treatise on dramaturgy.
Jacques Vincey’s ‘Business in Venice’ in a French supermarket: Shakespeare’s Merchant and perceptions of ‘anti-Semitism’

Jacques Vincey’s 2017 production (Theâtre Olympia, Centre Dramatique National de Tours) did not seek to purge The Merchant of Venice (‘Business in Venice’) of its many disturbing aspects, as many interpreters over time have sought to do. The play has been subject to many interpretations, often contradictory: In this case, Portia was a wealthy heiress; Shylock, a suffering and dignified man, tragically caught in a carnivalesque comedy; Bassanio, a fortune hunter; the Christians, barbarous hypocrites; and Belmont, a place of materiality and artificiality. The production elicited perceptions of anti-Semitism among members of Le Conseil representatif des institutions juives de France Touraine-Poitou-Charentes.
RECIPROCAL ADAPTATIONS OF CERTAIN BLOOD PARASITES AND THEIR HOSTS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the reciprocal adaptations of certain blood parasites and their hosts. Reciprocal adaptation of the causative agents and the vectors is most strongly evident in those cases, where the parasite proves to have the faculty of repeated cycles in the consecutive generations of the vectors without their repeated invasion. Thus, for P. caballi it was established that this causative agent is carried over transovarially by the ticks, Dermacentor pictus and D. marginatus , up to the third generation and by the tick, Hyalomma plumbeum , up to the 14th generation in case all the active phases are fed on the nonspecific host (on rabbits). Similar phenomenon has been established for the combination B. ovis and tick Rhipicephalus bursa . Examination of the smears prepared from eggs, salivary glands, and other organs of ticks has shown that the parasite is present in all generations of the ticks.
Commentary on Gilfillan, Morrow-Muchinsky, and Bluedorn-Evered

Each of the three papers in this section of the book makes important contributions to our understanding of middle range theory. Gilfillan has made a valiant attempt to make the concept of middle range theory operational by laying down ten criteria that distinguish middle range theories from empirical generalizations on the one hand and from grand theories on the other hand. Morrow and Muchinsky have argued that the ultimate goal of scientific inquiry is to develop general theories, and that the use of middle range theories (MRTs) can play an important role in this process through the gradual consolidation of MRTs into theories of increasing generality. Bluedorn and Evered, in contrast to Gilfillan, have rejected the notion of middle range theory as a well-defined absolute concept and have suggested instead that middle rangedness is a relative concept and that what is at issue is not the use of MRTs but the employment of a middle range strategy for theory construction. Furthermore, they argue that the middle range strategy is only one of several possible strategies, and that we in organizational behavior should avoid anointing the middle range strategy as the best and only acceptable way of conducting scientific inquiry. Taken together these contributions resolve certain conflicts and gaps in our understanding of how to conduct inquiry into organizational phenomena.
Recharge and pumping hydraulics in a till drumlin above fractured bedrock (Massachusetts, USA)

Recharge and pumping hydraulics of a till-mantled bedrock are analyzed with existing closed-form theory and 12 years of monthly water levels in cluster wells from Scituate Hill, a glacial till drumlin in eastern Massachusetts (USA). The weathered brown till atop Scituate Hill is an unconfined aquifer, delivering steady recharge and a seasonally varying recharge-head fluctuation to the unweathered gray till aquitard beneath it. The water-table fluctuations generate no seasonally varying flow field in the gray till, due to the relatively low hydraulic diffusivity of the brown till. Nearby irrigation pumps drilled into the underlying Dedham Granite in 2011 have introduced seasonal drawdown, and the gray till leaks into the fractured bedrock aquifer. The leakage reflects the moderate diffusivity of the gray till and the relatively high hydraulic diffusivity of the fractured bedrock. Both seasonal disturbances are mildly attenuated across the gray till, so that the Dedham Granite senses recharge, while the water table in Scituate Hill is drawn down by irrigation pumping. Steady and seasonal gray till data are accordingly used to calibrate the transmissivity and storativity of the fractured bedrock and specific yield of the brown till, with physically plausible values.
Oncogenic Transformation by Asbestos Fibers and Radon-Simulated Alpha Particles

The association between exposure to asbestos fibers and the development of lung cancer and mesothelioma have been well established in both man and experimental animals (Barum et al., 1958; Wagner and Berry, 1969).
A review of the disagreements in the prevalence and treatment of the tethered cord syndromes with chiari-1 malformations.

Background The tethered cord syndrome (TCS) accompanying Chiari-1 (CM-1) malformations and the occult tethered cord syndrome (OTCS) syndrome accompanying the low lying cerebellar tonsil (LLCT) syndrome may be treated with sectioning of the filum terminale (SFT). Methods Utilizing PubMed, we reviewed the neurosurgical literature to determine how frequently spinal neurosurgeons diagnosed the TCS (e.g., conus terminating below the normal L1-L2 disc level) on lumbar magnetic resonance (MR) studies in patients with CM-1 malformations [e.g. tonsils >5-12 mm below the foramen magnum (FM) warranting SFT]. In addition, we assessed how frequently spinal neurosurgeons encountered the OTCS (e.g., conus normally located at L1-L2 on MR) accompanying the LLCT (e.g., tonsils herniated <5 mm below the FM) also requiring SFT. Results According to the neurosurgical literature, the incidence of TCS accompanying CM-1 requiring SFT ranged from 2.2% to < 6%, and up to 14%. Few studies additionally highly correlated the OCTS accompanying the LLCT syndrome warranting SFT. Conclusions Given the differences in the literature, more studies are needed to assess the risks (complications) vs. benefits (improved neurological outcomes) of SFT surgery for TCS with CM-1 and SFT for OCTS with LLCT.
The Postretirement Well-Being of Workers With Disabilities:

Older workers who develop significant limitations in health or functioning face declines in income and consumption and an increased likelihood of poverty in the years prior to retirement. We assess...
Treatment-refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the prostate: A case report and review of the literature

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the prostate is uncommon. Prostate specific antigen and transrectal ultrasound do not aid in diagnosis. Survival and treatment options are ultimately based on immune-histologic subtype and stage. Lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to lymphoma of the prostate can be refractory to systemic treatments as well as transurethral resection. This case provides the first description of the longitudinal clinical course of treatment-refractory localized Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the prostate.
Primary Care Patients’ and Providers’ Perspectives about an Online Weight Management Program: a Qualitative Study

Primary care providers (PCPs) often take the lead role in caring for patients with overweight and obesity; however, few PCPs counsel patients about weight loss. Online weight management programs that are integrated within primary care may help address this gap in care. To identify perceptions of and experience with online weight management programs in general and with a proposed online program, to identify barriers to use, and to improve the design and content of our intervention, which included an online program plus population health management (PHM) support from primary care practices. A mixed qualitative methods study including three patient focus groups and seven semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers. A total of 13 adult patients (age range, 20–70) with body mass index (BMI) 27–35 kg/m2 attended the focus groups. In-person semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven healthcare providers (three PCPs, two population health managers, one primary care nurse, and one registered dietitian). We developed and used semi-structured focus groups and interview guides. The focus group and interviews were recorded and transcribed. Using grounded theory, we analyzed the transcripts to identify and extract common concepts and themes. Although patients and healthcare providers expressed positive opinions about online weight management programs, few patients had experience with them, and providers stated that such programs are not being widely implemented in primary care settings. Some participants highlighted the flexibility and low cost as strengths of online weight management tools compared with in-person programs. All participants had favorable opinions about our proposed intervention and were overwhelmingly positive about the combination of an online program and PHM support. This study highlights the potential value of online weight management programs and PHM support in primary care. NCT02656693.
Teaching for Understanding

This chapter examines current views of teaching for understanding. First we provide background information, describing the influence of both theory and research on changes in approaches that have led to the recent stress on students as active constructors of their understanding. Then we summarize and compare a variety of programs that incorporate elements of construction and review issues that merit further investigation. Finally, we consider problems entailed in dissemination, especially difficulties teachers might encounter and describe promising attempts to foster their ability to teach for understanding.
Serum Amyloid P and a Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-3-Grabbing Nonintegrin Ligand Inhibit High-Fat Diet-Induced Adipose Tissue and Liver Inflammation and Steatosis in Mice.

High-fat diet (HFD)–induced inflammation is associated with a variety of health risks. The systemic pentraxin serum amyloid P (SAP) inhibits inflammation. SAP activates the high-affinity IgG receptor Fcγ receptor I (FcγRI; CD64) and the lectin receptor dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3–grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN; CD209). Herein, we show that for mice on an HFD, injections of SAP and a synthetic CD209 ligand (1866) reduced HFD-increased adipose and liver tissue inflammation, adipocyte differentiation, and lipid accumulation in adipose tissue. HFD worsened glucose tolerance test results and caused increased adipocyte size; for mice on an HFD, SAP improved glucose tolerance test results and reduced adipocyte size. Mice on an HFD had elevated serum levels of IL-1β, IL-23, interferon (IFN)-β, IFN-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)], and tumor necrosis factor-α. SAP reduced serum levels of IL-23, IFN-β, MCP-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas 1866 reduced IFN-γ. In vitro, SAP, but not 1866, treated cells isolated from white fat tissue (stromal vesicular fraction) produced the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. HFD causes steatosis, and both SAP and 1866 reduced it. Conversely, compared with control mice, SAP knockout mice fed on a normal diet had increased white adipocyte cell sizes, increased numbers of inflammatory cells in adipose and liver tissue, and steatosis; and these effects were exacerbated on an HFD. SAP and 1866 may inhibit some, but not all, of the effects of a high-fat diet.
GDF15 Induces Anorexia through Nausea and Emesis

Summary Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cytokine that reduces food intake through activation of hindbrain GFRAL-RET receptors and has become a keen target of interest for anti-obesity therapies. Elevated endogenous GDF15 is associated with energy balance disturbances, cancer progression, chemotherapy-induced anorexia, and morning sickness. We hypothesized that GDF15 causes emesis and that its anorectic effects are related to this function. Here, we examined feeding and emesis and/or emetic-like behaviors in three different mammalian laboratory species to help elucidate the role of GDF15 in these behaviors. Data show that GDF15 causes emesis in Suncus murinus (musk shrews) and induces behaviors indicative of nausea/malaise (e.g., anorexia and pica) in non-emetic species, including mice and lean or obese rats. We also present data in mice suggesting that GDF15 contributes to chemotherapy-induced malaise. Together, these results indicate that GDF15 triggers anorexia through the induction of nausea and/or by engaging emetic neurocircuitry.
Luminescence measurements of hyperthermal Xe2+ + O2 and O+ + Xe collision systems.

Emission excitation cross sections are recorded for collisions between Xe2+ + O2 and O+ + Xe over a collision energy range of approximately 2 to 900 eV in the center-of-mass (Ecm) frame. Emissive products of the O+ + Xe reaction are examined in the 700–1000 nm optical range and include neutral atomic oxygen emissions and neutral xenon emissions. Atomic emission products of the O+ + Xe collision appear to have measureable cross sections near Ecm = 14 eV and increase in intensity until about Ecm = 60 eV where they remain approximately constant for the remainder of the measured collision energies. For the Xe2+ + O2 collision system, O2+ charge transfer products are measured through fluorescence of the O2+(A–X) and (b–a) manifolds over the 200–850 nm window. Total cross sections for both manifolds do not vary beyond the experimental precision at all measured energies. Vibrational populations are derived from a fitting of the experimental data. The populations are found to deviate from a Franck–Condon distribution at all collision energies and appear to be well-modeled within a multi-channel Landau–Zener framework over the collision energy range measured.
Prediction of Covid-19 Infections Through December 2020 for 10 US States Incorporating Outdoor Temperature and School Re-Opening Effects-September Update

Abstract Control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission requires control of two human behaviors. A two-parameter, human behavior Covid-19 infection growth model continues to accurately predict total infections based on gross human interaction and local human interaction behaviors for 10 US States (NY, WA, GA, IL, MN, FL, OH, MI, CA, NC). Since prediction model initiation on July 27, 2020, total infections for 8 states have grown by more than 200%. Only New York (23% infection growth) and Florida (189% infection growth) have grown less. October displays combined impacts of increased social interactions as schools and businesses increase physical gatherings, coupled with climate dependent local interactions. The US, on average as of the end of October, has an Infection Parameter (IP) of 3.4 representing accelerating infection growth. Gross human interactions must be reduced by 15% or local interaction behavior (eg, face mask usage, ventilation) must be improved to reduce disease transmission efficiency by 27% in order to reach the linear infection growth boundary separating accelerating infection growth from decaying infection growth regions. Eastern States (NY and NC) have had mild fall temperatures, which increases outdoor activities and increases building fresh air ventilation rates that suppress virus transmission efficiency. Mild temperatures in southern States (GA, FL and CA) during October have also helped suppress virus transmission. Midwest States experienced highly elevated infection rates due to combined effects of school openings coupled with a truncated fall season. WA stayed in the beneficial 70F (22C) to 50F (10C) zone through October, with minimal accelerated infection growth, but is now entering its heating season with average outdoor temperatures below 50F that are contributing to increased disease transmission efficiency.
Comment on “Olley and Pakes‐style Production Function Estimators with Firm Fixed Effects”

In this comment I illustrate that in the model of (Lee et al. (2019). Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. Vol. 81, pp. 80–97), firm profit maximizing implies that Assumption 2 and Equation 14 may be contradictory. More specifically, there is generally a contradiction when investment is used as the control variable, but there is generally not a contradiction when a static input like material input is used as the control variable (both types of control variables are discussed in Lee et al.). While the Lee et al. model and techniques are an interesting way to incorporate fixed effects into Olley and Pakes‐style production function estimators, this observation suggests that their application should be restricted to cases where static inputs are used as control variables.
Near-field airborne particle concentrations in young children undergoing high-flow nasal cannula therapy: a pilot study.

Summary Background High-flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC) may increase aerosol generation, putting healthcare workers at risk, including from SARS-CoV-2. Aim To examine whether use of HFNC increases near-field aerosols and whether there is an association with flow rate. Methods Subjects aged four weeks to 24 months were recruited. Each child received HFNC therapy at different flow rates. Three stations with particle counters were deployed to measure particle concentrations and dispersion in the room: station 1 within 0.5 m, station 2 at 2 m, and station 3 on the other side of the room. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and relative humidity were measured. Far-field measurements were used to adjust the near-field measurements. Findings Ten children were enrolled, aged from 6 to 24 months (median: 9). Elevated CO2 indicated that the near-field measurements were in the breathing plane. Near-field breathing plane concentrations of aerosols with diameter 0.3–10 μm were elevated by the presence of the patient with no HFNC flow, relative to the room far-field, by 0.45 particles/cm3. Whereas variability between subjects in their emission and dispersion of particles was observed, no association was found between HFNC use, at any flow rate, and near-field particle counts. Conclusion This method of particle sampling is feasible in hospital settings; correcting the near-patient aerosol and CO2 levels for the room far-field may provide proxies of exposure risk to pathogens generated. In this pilot, near-patient levels of particles with a diameter between 0.3 and 10 μm and CO2 were not affected by the use of HFNC.
Systemic ventricular strain is abnormal with elevated BMI in adults with congenital heart disease

Abstract Background Obesity is associated with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. In obese adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD), a sensitive echocardiographic marker like strain might enable early detection of subclinical cardiac changes. Objectives To assess the association of elevated body mass index (BMI) with global longitudinal (GLS) and circumferential strain (GCS) in ACHD. Methods 2D transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) done on 267 ACHD patients (excluding those with genetic syndromes and single ventricle) in 2016 were analyzed. Echocardiographic images were analyzed offline using TomTec Image Arena to obtain global longitudinal (GLS) and circumferential strain (GCS). Data were analyzed with SAS software using Chi-square and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests. Results Univariate analysis shows a significant association of elevated BMI with median GCS (p = 0.01), median GLS (p = 0.01), and hypertension (p = 0.03). Multivariate logistic regression shows a significant association of elevated BMI with GLS (p = 0.01; CI, 1.02–1.25), and GCS (p = 0.02; CI, 1.01–1.23) after adjusting for hypertension, ejection fraction (EF), LV end diastolic volume and type of CHD. There is no association between and gender, LV mass, EF and type of CHD. Conclusions 2D TTE derived longitudinal and circumferential strain is abnormal in ACHD patients with elevated BMI. This may help identify a subset of patients with subclinical myocardial dysfunction as a target for lifestyle modification to prevent progression to cardiac dysfunction.
Classical and Multilinear Harmonic Analysis

This two-volume text in harmonic analysis introduces a wealth of analytical results and techniques. It is largely self-contained and will be useful to graduate students and researchers in both pure and applied analysis. Numerous exercises and problems make the text suitable for self-study and the classroom alike. This first volume starts with classical one-dimensional topics: Fourier series; harmonic functions; Hilbert transform. Then the higher-dimensional Calderon–Zygmund and Littlewood–Paley theories are developed. Probabilistic methods and their applications are discussed, as are applications of harmonic analysis to partial differential equations. The volume concludes with an introduction to the Weyl calculus. The second volume goes beyond the classical to the highly contemporary and focuses on multilinear aspects of harmonic analysis: the bilinear Hilbert transform; Coifman–Meyer theory; Carleson's resolution of the Lusin conjecture; Calderon's commutators and the Cauchy integral on Lipschitz curves. The material in this volume has not previously appeared together in book form.
BENEFITS AND RISKS OF INCREASED SPATIAL RESOLUTION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FISHERY METAPOPULATIONS UNDER UNCERTAINTY

Stock assessments and harvest guidelines are typically based on the concept of a “fish stock,” which may encompass a very large area. The presence of discrete subpopulations within managed fish stocks presents risks and opportunities for fishery management. Failure to manage catch at the same scale as the true population structure can lead to extirpation of discrete subpopulations and to declines in the productivity of the larger metapopulation. However, it may be difficult and costly to assess and manage stocks at a finer spatial scale, and there is likely greater uncertainty about the size of substocks than about the aggregate stock. We use a two-area simulation model to compare the performance of fishery management at different spatial resolutions when there is uncertainty about growth, the size of the total population, and the relative size of the subpopulations. We show that relative benefits of finer scale management, in terms of profits and risks of depleting subpopulations, depend on a number of biological, technical, and economic factors. In some cases it may be both less risky and more profitable to manage the fishery with a single total allowable catch, even when there are biologically separate fish populations in the two areas.
Limited Resource Plasma Analyzers: Miniaturization Concepts

Dwindling financial resources in conjunction with a history of expensive, large-scale missions have driven NASA into an operational mode that demands instruments with high scientific yield using fewer allocated spacecraft resources. This focus has resulted in miniaturization of plasma sensors with retention, and sometimes even expansion, of a broad scientific return. Instrument miniaturization is realized by more efficient electro-optical design, high density packaging, new technologies, and relaxed electronics specifications. By focusing on ion and electron spectrometers, we illustrate these concepts by describing minimum resource ( < 1 kg, < 1 W) plasma analyzers that retain full scientific capabilities.
Three-Dimensional Characterization of Dislocation-Defect Interactions

Transmission electron microscopes play a critical role in building our knowledge base of the atomic structure and composition as well as the electronic and magnetic state of materials. This information is a two-dimensional snapshot of the material state and requires a posteriori analysis to reveal the reaction or processing pathway, or to correlate with a macroscopic property. However, using electron tomography it is feasible to recover the information lost in the electron beam direction and obtain a three-dimensional view of the internal structure in an electron transparent foil. In this paper, example applications of diffraction-contrast electron tomography to understand various dislocation-obstacle interactions are presented and discussed.
Alterations in osteoclast morphology following long-term 17beta-estradiol administration in the mouse

Although the role of the osteoclast in bone resorption is becoming better understood, much remains to be learned about osteoclastogenesis and the exact mechanism of action of anti-resorbing agents such as 17β-estradiol. This study investigated bone and morphologic osteoclast alterations following long-term estrogen administration to the B6D2F1 mouse. B6D2F1 mice aged 4-5 weeks were exposed to high levels of estrogen via implanted silastic tubing for at least 12 weeks; controls received empty tubing. Femurs of control and treated mice were assessed with radiology, quantitative histomorphometry and transmission electron microscopy. After 8 weeks of treatment, there was radiologic evidence of severe osteosclerosis and 86% of femoral marrow space was replaced with bone. After 12 weeks histologic studies of treated animals revealed that osteoclasts were positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase but showed markedly abnormal ultrastructure which prevented successful bone resorption. Findings extend our understanding of osteoclast structure and function in the mouse exposed in vivo to high doses of estrogen. Ultrastructural examination showed that osteoclasts from estrogen-treated mice were unable to seal against the bone surface and were unable to form ruffled borders.
The Comparative Morphology of Internal Structures of the Asilidae (Diptera)

Comparatively little investigation has been made on the internal anatomy of flies other than the blood-sucking groups and a few others of economic importance, and a great number of the works published have dealt only with the anatomy of larvae. There are a great number of families of Diptera with diverse habits and external morphology whose internal anatomy would seem worthy of investigation. It was for such a reason that the Asilidae were chosen for this study. The robber flies because of their large size and predaceous habits have always aroused interest with the result that several investigators have published on robber flies and their prey. In connection with their feeding habits several descriptions have been made of the mouthparts of asilids. A few of these articles have described the gross structure of some parts of the alimentary canal lying in the head. Dufour (1851) made a comparative study of the internal anatomy of six European species of Asilidae, but other than his works the publications that include descriptions of the internal anatomy of the Asilidae have for the most part dealt with only certain organs of the robber flies in comparison with those of other Diptera. Thus the knowledge of the internal anatomy and particularly the histology is very scanty.
Searching for the minimum energy path in the sulfuryl transfer reaction catalyzed by human estrogen sulfotransferase: Role of enzyme dynamics

The enzymatic transfer of a sulfuryl group from the ubiquitous biological source of sulfate 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to estrogen is investigated by the pseudo-bond quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical method (QM/MM) method. Calculations of the reaction path are performed starting with models based on two crystal structures, which differ in information about the cofactor and substrates. In addition, a subsequent relaxation of the enzyme was performed with the found transition state frozen, followed by redetermination of the path. An activation barrier of 22 kcal/mol is estimated. The reaction mechanism features a proton transfer from the estrogen to a catalytic histidine followed by the rate determining SO3 transfer. The mechanism found is largely dissociative. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Glucosamine inhibits LPS‐induced COX‐2 and iNOS expression in mouse macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) by inhibition of p38‐MAP kinase and transcription factor NF‐κB

Glucosamine supplements are very promising nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents widely used for the treatment of arthritis in animals and humans. In this study, we have proposed the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of glucosamine hydrochloride (GLN) using mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). Treatment with GLN inhibited LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production. Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis showed that GLN treatment decreased LPS-induced inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 cells, respectively. To further elucidate the mechanism of inhibitory effect of GLN, we studied the LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (pp44/42 and pp38). Our results clearly indicated that GLN treatment resulted in a reduction of pp38, whereas activation of p44/42 was not affected. In addition, LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) DNA binding suggests an inhibitory effect of GLN. These results indicate that GLN suppresses the LPS-induced production of NO, expression of iNOS and COX-2 by inhibiting NF-κB activation and phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase.
Institutional Efforts to Support Faculty in Online Teaching

Effective processes, practices, and infrastructure are essential components of successful online teaching and learning efforts; and they lead to a sense of faculty ownership of online teaching as well as enhanced support from an institution’s administration. The institution’s recognition of faculty members’ efforts to teach online in relation to the traditional concepts of scholarship, tenure, and promotion is an important motivational factor for sustaining effectiveness in the online learning environment. This study examined institutional efforts to alleviate or overcome challenges faced by faculty members in creating and teaching online courses, and we investigated faculty members’ perceptions regarding these institutional efforts.
ANESTHESIA INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE

The goals of any general anesthetic are the safe establishment of an airway and provision of sufficient analgesia, amnesia, and perhaps neuromuscular blockade to prevent patient awareness or movement during surgery. In the case of trauma, some of these steps may have already been accomplished by other health care providers. This article is thus arbitrarily divided into two major sections, the first discussing management of the patient with an airway that has not been instrumented (nonintubated) and the second discussing the patient with an endotracheal tube in place (intubated). As airway management has been reviewed elsewhere in this issue, only a few comments will be made regarding the implications of a compromised airway on the induction of anesthesia. A brief summary of anesthetic concerns for the pregnant trauma patient is also included. Although this article is limited to a discussion of general anesthesia, it is important to note that in select cases, after thorough review of the pathophysiology at hand (including the potential for hypovolemia and coagulopathies), regional anesthesia (such as for extremity surgery) may be a preferred alternative in the trauma setting.
Dual three-way infrared beam combiner at the CHARA Array

Two identical three-way beam combiners have been installed at the CHARA Array. The new setup is an extension of the two-beam pupil plain combiner, which has been in use thus far. Using the new beam combiners we can now obtain phase closure data in H, K or J band on two sets of three telescopes. A new optical design has been implemented to image the six outputs of the combiners onto six separate pixels in the infrared detector array. The new optical arrangement provides reduced background and spatial filtering. The magnitude limit of this beam combiner has reached 7.8 in K magnitude mainly as a result of better image quality by the new infrared camera optics.
Reduction of asialo pathway gangliosides in Escherichia coli-activated peritoneal macrophages from endotoxin hyporesponsive mice

Sialidase-sensitive gangliosides are reduced in endotoxin-activated macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice. Ganglioside variation in mice has been linked to the H-2 complex. The H-2 gene locus is the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse which encodes for major cell surface antigens as well as immune response genes (the Ir genes). To determine whether the ganglioside alteration is a direct pleotropic influence of the Lps defect or whether there is an indirect influence due to the H-2 haplotype, we examined some members of the BXH/Ty set of recombinant inbred mice. The BXH/Ty set was derived by a cross of the normal C75BU6J and the C3H/HeJ strain. The BxH-4/Ty strain was chosen as a hyporesponsive strain and the BxH-14/Ty strain for the normal counterpart. The normal parental strain, C57BI/6J, and the normal BxH-14/Ty strain show patterns consistent with the normal C3H/HeN strain. The reduction of sialidase-sensitive gangliosides (primarily GM1b (cisGM1)) occurs in the endotoxin-hyporesponsive strains, C3H/...