cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Chart Showing the Relations Between Electrical Quantities on the A-C and D-C Sides of a Converter

A simple and useful chart for showing the relations between electrical quantities on the a-c and d-c sides of a converter has loci of constant direct voltage and current in rectangular co-ordinates representing the active and reactive power of the a-c source. Because the per-unit direct voltage equals the a-c power factor, the loci are radial straight lines; and, because the per-unit direct current equals the per-unit alternating current, the loci are concentric arcs. Other loci may be added to the chart.
The use of high Q toroid inductors for LTCC integrated tunable VHF filters

In this paper, we report the use of LTCC for the integration of wide tuning, VHF filters in compact form factors. The design of both wideband and narrowband VHF filters, based upon substrate integrated high Q toroid inductors are presented.
Stochastic Fluvial Hydraulics

The purpose of this issue of the Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ~JHE! is to report on the latest developments in the field of ‘‘stochastic hydraulics.’’ The effort is the result of the ASCE Task Committee on Probabilistic Methods and was coordinated by Dr. Athanasios ~Thanos! Papanicolaou of the Albrook Hydraulics Laboratory at Washington State University. In particular, this volume is dedicated to the memory of Professor Ben Chie Yen of the University of Illinois, one of the primary contributors to the Task Committee and a world-renowned authority in the area of stochastic hydraulics and hydrology. In his quite determined way, Professor Yen contributed greatly to the robust development of the field of river hydraulics and hydrology, especially through his pioneering work in meandering channels in 1965. To honor Professor Yen, this volume starts with his forum entitled Stochastic Inference To Sediment Transport and Fluvial Hydraulics, which eloquently discusses the concept of stochastic processes in sediment transport applications and provides a thorough recollection of past and recent work in that area of research. Although the emphasis of this special issue is on stochastic methods in sediment transport and fluvial hydraulics, the peerreviewed articles selected for publication cover a wide range of stochastic methods in water resources engineering. The issue has gathered several original and innovative papers that describe different stochastic tools that could be useful in hydraulic and environmental engineering studies. The papers can be classified as follows: 1. Stochastic Incipient Motion Criteria: • Probability of Sediment Pick-up under a Log-Normal Distribution • Stochastic Incipient Motion Criterion for Spheres under Various Bed Packing Conditions 2. Bedform Development and Saltation processes
IL-5 Triggers a Cooperative Cytokine Network That Promotes Eosinophil Precursor Maturation

Eosinophils originate in the bone marrow from an eosinophil lineage–committed, IL-5Rα–positive, hematopoietic progenitor (eosinophil progenitor). Indeed, IL-5 is recognized as a critical regulator of eosinophilia and has effects on eosinophil progenitors, eosinophil precursors, and mature eosinophils. However, substantial levels of eosinophils remain after IL-5 neutralization or genetic deletion, suggesting that there are alternative pathways for promoting eosinophilia. In this study, we investigated the contributory role of IL-5 accessory cytokines on the final stages of eosinophil differentiation. IL-5 stimulation of low-density bone marrow cells resulted in expression of a panel of cytokines and cytokine receptors, including several ligand–receptor pairs. Notably, IL-4 and IL-4Rα were expressed by eosinophil precursors and mature eosinophils. Signaling through IL-4Rα promoted eosinophil maturation when IL-5 was present, but IL-4 stimulation in the absence of IL-5 resulted in impaired eosinophil survival, suggesting that IL-4 cooperates with IL-5 to promote eosinophil differentiation. In contrast, CCL3, an eosinophil precursor–produced chemokine that signals through CCR1, promotes terminal differentiation of CCR1-positive eosinophil precursors in the absence of IL-5, highlighting an autocrine loop capable of sustaining eosinophil differentiation. These findings suggest that brief exposure to IL-5 is sufficient to initiate a cytokine cooperative network that promotes eosinophil differentiation of low-density bone marrow cells independent of further IL-5 stimulation.
Analysis of Interstrain Variation in Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B Sequences Encoding Neutralization-Related Epitopes

Nucleotide sequences of a part of the envelope glycoprotein B (gB) gene of human cytomegalovirus (CMV), encoding epitopes recognized by virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, were determined for 12 distinct clinical strains of CMV after amplification of suitable templates using the polymerase chain reaction. Sequence analysis of this region (codons 384-717) revealed that the clinical strains and previously sequenced laboratory strains Towne and AD169 belong to one of four variant groups, each with a characteristic nucleotide and peptide sequence. Peptide homology was greater than 99% for strains within a group, and varied from 91% to 98% for strains in different groups. Variation was most frequent between codons 448 and 480. The gB group of a CMV strain could be determined by restriction analysis of a small target sequence amplified from viral genomic DNA, and an additional 28 clinical strains were grouped in this manner. The existence of a limited number of variants of gB among clinical strains facilitates analysis of biologic function and cross-reactivity of immune responses.
Aliphatic/aromatic copolyester thermoset adhesives: Synthesis and characterization

In this paper, the synthesis and characterization of a new family of aliphatic / aromatic copolyester resins is described. This new resin is derived from a two component oligomeric system consisting of a mixture of Novolac acetates and several specially designed oligomers with carboxylic acid end groups. In this new material, aliphatic units have been incorporated into the oligomers in order to reduce the processing temperature. When used as an adhesive, the new resin offers good lap shear strength of about 14 MPa (2000 psi) at room temperature and retains useful properties to 80°C–100°C. This new system provides good thermal stability, environmental resistance and char yield of 25–40%.
Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, and Highland Bali: Fieldwork Photographs of Bayung Gede

Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, and Highland Bali: Fieldwork Photographs of Bayung Gede, 1936-1939. Gerald Sullivan. U Chicago Press, 1999.
On Outage Analysis and Code Design for Correlated MIMO Fading Channels

The diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) captures in a succinct and elegant way the tradeoff between error probability and rate achieved by space-time coding in the high- SNR, high spectral efficiency regime, of MIMO quasi-static fading channels. We show that the DMT for Rayleigh and Rician fading MIMO channels with arbitrary full-rank correlation is identical to the case of i.i.d. Rayleigh fading. Previously known results for the case of full-rank Kronecker correlations are recovered as special cases of this result. Then, we argue that while the impact of correlation on capacity and error probability may be huge, the gain achieved by optimizing the input covariance matrix with respect to standard white input is essentially negligible. This observation motivates the use of standard space-time codes irrespective of the channel correlation, with possibly a rate-adaptation mechanism that allocates the rate according to the channel correlation, in order to meet the desired error probability target.
Primary and Salvage Total Laryngectomy

Treatment of laryngeal cancer has evolved, and newer methods of laryngeal conservation, both surgical and nonsurgical, are the primary treatment of choice. Nevertheless, total laryngectomy is not extinct and still plays an important role in primary therapy for advanced stage laryngeal cancers and as salvage therapy for failures of organ preservation strategies.
Far infrared emission of type 2 seyferts

The 60 to 25 µm flux ratio of type 2 Seyferts is correlated with their emission line reddening in a way which is not consistent with a distributed heating source but agrees with predictions of a centrally heated dust shell model with a luminous UV power source.
Apple maggot fly response to red sphere traps in relation to fly age and experience

Responses of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), to 8 cm red sticky sphere traps, baited with the synthetic fruit odor butyl hexanoate, were investigated in field-caged apple trees containing green or red Gravenstein apples. Trap capture rate and the probability of oviposition in apples before capture generally increased with female age and number of mature eggs in ovaries. Two days of pre-test exposure of mature females to red hawthorns, green Red Delicious apples or green Gravenstein apples had no significant effect on the likelihood of a fly finding a red sphere. However, before capture on a sphere or departing a tree, hawthorn-exposed females found significantly fewer apples and laid significantly fewer eggs than females exposed to Gravenstein apples. Variation in duration of pre-test exposure (1–4 days) of flies to Gravenstein apples had no detectable influence on female response to apples or to a red sphere in a test tree. The relevance of these findings to effectiveness of sphere traps for R. pomonella control in commercial orchards is discussed.
Investigating How to Support Improvements in Student Learning Outcomes in a Fundamental Materials Engineering Course

For many engineers and technologists, their only exposure to materials engineering principles occurs within a single fundamentals course. Within that course, the students must conceptualize a wide variety of interdisciplinary topics drawn from chemistry, physics, engineering, and mathematics. Often, the students consider this fundamentals course challenging because it is likely that this is the first time that they are to develop understanding in such an interdisciplinary environment. Research studies in engineering education, which are based in social and cognitive constructivism, indicate that students build scaffolds from existing cognitive structures to new information when the students are able to make connections to their existing knowledge and experiences. It is also known that prior learning heavily influences this learning and that motivation plays a key role in the time that students devote to acquiring new knowledge. Research has also shown cooperative learning, understanding of individual student learning styles, and inductive teaching practices are important components that lead to improved Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs). The only way to truly understand effective practice is to implement constructively aligned strategies, problems, and concept learning opportunities, and then measure the SLOs. Additionally, an in-depth study of prior knowledge, conceptual understanding, and experiences is absolutely essential as key research questions are probed. This paper describes research work underway at Western Washington University to understand how to improve SLOs in a fundamental materials engineering course by investigating students’ prior knowledge and conceptual understanding, measuring individual learning styles, measuring the effectiveness of different constructively aligned course modules based upon ‘WHERETO” principles with collaborative problem sets or design problems, investigating the effect of pre-exam quizzing, measuring term-long conceptual gains, and developing Information Communication Technology (ICT) enabled applications to support and enhance student learning. Future investigations will probe how more personalizable instruction that allows for student differences might be accomplished with ICT applications, especially for large lecture classes.
Adventure Travel and Sustainable Tourism in the Peripheral Economy of Nepal

Abstract Adventure travel is one of the fastest growing but least understood forms of international tourism. Its role in the economic development of remote world places and its impact on local society, economy, and the environment are not fully comprehended, even though adventure tourism has been adopted enthusiastically by many Third World nations. The paper analyzes adventure travel in Nepal and places it within the theoretical frameworks of tourism models and sustainable development. Building on core-periphery tourism theory, an adventure travel spatial-linkage model is proposed that connects Nepal's remote frontiers with the global tourism economy. Within this model, adventure tourists move through a hierarchy of travel gateways before reaching adventure destinations located among isolated, subsistence populations. This movement produces a unique structure of tourism space that in turn contributes to the formation in Nepal of regional developments such as hilltown gateways, hinterland tourism destinat...
Misdirected Sentiment: Conflicting Rhetorical Strategies in Uncle Tom's Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe, in Uncle Tom's Cabin, used two different and conflicting rhetorical strategies in her novel's appeals to end slavery. To elicit sympathy for the slaves, she used persuasion, a process relying upon the perception of a sameness of substance among persons. To induce fear of damnation in Northerners who condoned or passively accepted Southern slavery, she used conversion rhetoric, a process relying upon the conviction that personal identity and value are derived entirely from the moral and social "system" that produces the individual. Because the novel projects Northern and Southern whites as belonging to the same system, and since its persuasive processes, by eliciting sympathy for slaves, bring them into the system, their suffering proves the system's corruption, while the Southerners' lack of sympathy proves their difference of substance—their lack of humanity. Since the logic of conversion requires condemning the corrupt self, the novel ultimately prepared Northern readers to condemn Southern whites, even though such condemnation went against Stowe's intentions.
The Structure of the Web

The Web9s structure has been studied at a global level, considering the network as a whole, and at a local level, studying focused neighborhoods and "community" structures. This analysis has revealed an intricate structure that suggests improved methods for organizing and accessing information and offers the opportunity to chart interests and relationships within society at an unprecedented level of detail.
The Demedicalization of Self-Injury: From Psychopathology to Sociological Deviance

This article offers a glimpse into the relatively hidden practice of self-injury: cutting, burning, branding, and bone breaking. Drawing on eighty in-depth interviews, Web site postings, e-mail communications, and Internet groups, we challenge the psychomedical depiction of this phenomenon and discuss ways that the contemporary sociological practice of self-injury challenges images of the population, etiology, practice, and social meanings associated with this behavior. We conclude by suggesting that self-injury, for some, is in the process of undergoing a moral passage from the realm of medicalized to voluntarily chosen deviant behavior in which participants' actions may be understood with a greater understanding of the sociological factors that contribute to the prevalence of these actions.
Benefits of Preview Wind Information for Region 2 Wind Turbine Control

The torque control of wind turbines in below-rated wind speeds involves a trade-off between power capture and generator loads. This paper explores this fundamental trade-off in the presence of preview wind information. A continuous-time optimal control problem is formulated on a one-state nonlinear turbine model. The numerical solution of this problem gives the Pareto optimal relationship between the gearbox loads and power capture. The effect of preview time and turbulence intensity on this optimal performance is investigated. This optimal performance is compared to the K! 2 standard control law. The main result quantifies the fact that the standard control law is not Pareto optimal. In other words, it is possible to use wind preview measurements to simultaneously increase power capture and decrease gearbox loads relative to the standard law. Moreover, the gap between the Pareto optimal performance and the standard law increases with the turbulence level.
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy improves biochemical cardiac risk factors

METHODS: Rats (CD IGS; male; age1⁄42 months at study initiation) were fed ad-lib with either a high-fat diet (HF, 45% kcal1⁄4fat/17% kcal1⁄4sucrose) or low-fat diet (LF, 10% kcal1⁄4fat/ 0% kcal1⁄4sucrose) during a five month induction period, and then were stratified into either 75% distal small intestinal resection or small bowel transection/re-anastomosis (sham resection). All rats were fed an intermediate diet (25% kcal1⁄4fat/17% kcal1⁄4sucrose) during the two-month post-resection observation. Body weight and composition (quantitative mass resonance) data were accumulated throughout the study.
A "smart component" data model in PLM

Physical products are becoming smarter because of their increased number of embedded sensors and their real-time information-processing capabilities. Data analytics, particularly predictive analytics, is one of the most important of these capabilities because it uses statistical or machine-learning techniques to determine causal relations between input and output parameters. Many researchers have addressed the challenges in creating and evaluating predictive models. Few, however, have discussed how to employ such models effectively throughout a product's life cycle. In this paper, we address this issue by extending Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems to include "Smart Component" data models that incorporate predictive models as "parts" or "services" of products in their master records in PLM. These smart-component data models can be modularized, composed, reused, traced, maintained, and replaced on demand. We describe a prototype system to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed data models using an open-source PLM platform.
Parasympathetic Vagal Control of Cardiac Function.

This brief review focuses on four new topics, with novel and clinically significant consequences, concerning the powerful influence of parasympathetic activity on cardiac function. In this short summary, we will highlight very recent and important work, published in the last 3–4 years, that (1) challenges the paradigm that parasympathetic activity to the heart is involved in the control of heart rate but plays little role in other cardiac functions, (2) characterizes important long-range synaptic pathways to parasympathetic cardiac vagal neurons that are involved in “higher” brain functions (such as arousal and emotional challenges), (3) asks whether implantable chronic vagal nerve stimulation is a promising clinical tool for treating cardiovascular diseases, and (4) describes newly identified neuropeptides and other modulators that can influence the generation and maintenance of parasympathetic activity to the heart.
π-Conjugated Organometallic Isoindigo Oligomer and Polymer Chromophores: Singlet and Triplet Excited State Dynamics and Application in Polymer Solar Cells

An isoindigo based π-conjugated oligomer and polymer that contain cyclometalated platinum(II) “auxochrome” units were subjected to photophysical characterization, and application of the polymer in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells with PCBM acceptor was examined. The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the heavy metal centers on the excited state properties, in particular, intersystem crossing to a triplet (exciton) state, and further how this would influence the performance of the organometallic polymer in solar cells. The materials were characterized by electrochemistry, ground state absorption, emission, and picosecond–nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the cyclometalated units have a significant impact on the HOMO energy level of the chromophores, but little effect on the LUMO, which is consistent with localization of the LUMO on the isoindigo acceptor unit. Picosecond–nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveals a tra...
Acyclovir Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus in Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Acyclovir Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus in Stem Cell Transplant Recipients Ella J. Ariza-Heredia , Roy F. Chemaly , Ying Jiang , Victor E. Mulanovich . 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
Gender, experimenter gender and medium of report influence the content of autobiographical memory report

ABSTRACTIn this study, we examined the role of context in autobiographical memory narratives, specifically as it pertains to gender among emerging adults. Male and female participants reported stressful events in their lives in the presence of an experimenter, and were randomly assigned either to report events verbally or type them, and to report in the presence of a male or female experimenter. Narratives were coded for factual and interpretive content. Results revealed that men verbally reporting to women reported longer narratives than all other groups. Women's narrative length did not vary by medium of report or conversational partner, but women used proportionally fewer internal state phrases when verbally reporting to men than when reporting to women. Women also used proportionally fewer evaluative statements in verbal reports than in typed narratives. Of these important interactions among context, gender, and experimenter gender, some findings, such as men's longer narratives and women's reduced in...
A Fully Automated, Compact, Portable Device for Detecting Changes at the 10 ppm Level in the Refractive Index of Fluids

We demonstrate an optical device that can record in real-time the refractive index of fluids with an accuracy of at least 10-5. Our refractometer is fully automated, compact, inexpensive, and has no mechanical moving parts.
A Circle-of-Lights Algorithm for the “Money-Changing Problem”

(1978). A Circle-of-Lights Algorithm for the “Money-Changing Problem”. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 85, No. 7, pp. 562-565.
Shape evolution of lead telluride and selenide nanostructures under different hydrothermal synthesis conditions.

Face-open nanoboxes of lead telluride and selenide have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. Nano- and microcrystals of various morphologies, including microflowers, semimicroflowers, cubic nanoparticles, etc., have also been observed at different synthesis conditions. Temperature, time, and concentrations of various reactants play a major role in controlling the morphology and shape evolution of the product. This simple synthesis technique for the growth of various nano- and microstructures opens a new route to prepare hierarchical structures of a variety of binary semiconducting materials in a large quantity. A possible growth mechanism of such nanoand microstructures has been proposed.
Mechanistic Understanding of a Silver Pyridylpyrrolide as a Catalyst for 3 + 2 Cyclization of a Nitrile with Diazo Ester

The trinuclear argentate complex Ag3(μ2-3,5-(CF3)2PyrPy)3 (PyrPy = 2,2′-pyridylpyrrolide) catalyzes the 3 + 2 cycloaddition of several NCR (R = Me, Ph, tBu) and N2CHCO2Et to disubstituted oxazoles, even in the presence of light and air. Structural and theoretical studies imply a three-coordinate silver carbene complex, (3,5-(CF3)2PyrPy)Ag(CHCO2Et), to be responsible in a stepwise nitrile addition and cyclization step to form the heterocycle.
Post-Amputation Pain

This chapter will discuss the definitions, epidemiology, evaluation, and treatment of patients with post-amputation pain.
Ethical Decision Making: Models for the Dialysis Dependent Patient

Critically ill chronic renal failure patients are maintained and sustained using numerous complex modem technologies, including dialysis. The ethical question that care providers must answer in order to be accountable to the patient and society is: “Am I using dialysis to sustain life or to prolong?” To assist clinicians in exploring this question more explicitly, the following are included in this article: a perspective on the costs associated with dying in the hospital; physiologic and psychologic criteria that have been proposed to help guide dialysis discontinuation; components related to patient autonomy; a brief overview of related ethical principles, decision-making models, and dilemmas; and a perspective on patient advocacy in relation to the question posed.
Long and Short Range Forces: Gravitation and Molecular Attraction and Repulsion

Publisher Summary In classical physical modeling, the two basic types of forces that are important are long-range- and short-range forces. Typical of a long-range force is gravitation, of which effect throughout the solar system determines the natures of planets and moons. Typical of a short range force is the local attractive and repulsive force between molecules, of which effects are fundamental, for example, in heat transfer, elasticity and fluid flow phenomena. This chapter examines both of these types of forces. To develop some intuition about gravitation, the chapter discusses some new possibilities for the force of gravity. It then discusses Newton's Law of Gravitation and formulates a numerical model of Newtonian gravitation in more than one dimension. It shows the way to generalize the basic concepts of position, velocity, and acceleration. As each of these quantities has both magnitude and direction, vector notation is used in the chapter. The chapter further discusses discrete gravitation and planetary motion and summarizes the generalized Newton's method. Physically, molecules behave in simple way. Two molecules attract when relatively far apart and repel when relatively close, and repulsion is a much greater force than is attraction. The chapter explains some classical molecular forces.
Tolerance intervals from ridge regression in the presence of multicollinearity and high dimension

Abstract In multiple regression in high dimension, we propose a method for computation of tolerance limits based on ridge regression and provide numerical studies to show the advantage of tighter tolerance limit from ridge regression compared to existing methods.
Swarm Intelligence based greedy routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

Energy consumption is a very crucial aspect in Wireless Sensor Network. In recent years many techniques have been proposed and explored for optimization of energy in Wireless Sensor Network. But routing is a very crucial parameter for energy optimization. So in this paper we present a very simple energy aware routing protocol which can prolong the life time of the wireless sensor network, which can be used even for communication between cluster head and base station. This paper is inspired by the work in the field of Swarm Intelligence. The basic idea is taking less number of hops and hence saving the energy wastage of more number of nodes and choosing the best path taking into consideration the nodes which have more energy or less pheromone as next hop there by avoid premature exhausting of some nodes. The proposed idea is better than finding the shortest path algorithm or directed diffusion algorithm as the proposed idea also take less hops and increases the lifetime of network.
Adoptive transfer of murine cytomegalovirus-immune lymph node cells prevents retinitis in T-cell-depleted mice.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adoptive transfer of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-immune lymph node cells prevents retinitis in immunosuppressed mice. Methods. Adult BALB/c mice were thymectomized and T-cell depleted using rat monoclonal antibodies specific for mouse CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells. The level of rat immunoglobulin G in the treated mice was monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immune cells were labeled with PKH26-GH immediately before adoptive transfer, and flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of adoptively transferred T-cells (PKH + , fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC + ]) in the spleens of the recipient mice 3 days after transfer. The ability of adoptively transferred cells to protect from retinitis was studied in T-cell-depleted mice injected with MCMV through the supraciliary route. Mice received 4 x 10 7 in vitro-restimulated MCMV-immune cells, 4 x 10 7 freshly isolated MCMV-immune cells, 4 x 10 7 freshly isolated ovalbumin-immune cells, or no cells (control group). Results. The best time to balance depletion of endogenous T-cells with persistence of transferred cells was 3 weeks after T-cell depletion. Both restimulated and freshly isolated MCMV-immune cells conferred protection from retinitis. Freshly isolated ovalbumin-immune lymph node cells did not prevent retinitis, indicating that protection was virus-specific and merely was not because of transfer of antigen-activated lymph node cells. Conclusions. Adoptive immunotherapy has been used to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients who have undergone transplantation, and, by extrapolation, the results of these studies suggest that adoptive immunotherapy with human CMV-specific immune cells might be used to prevent or ameliorate CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients.
Study of RF-circuit linearity performance of GaN HEMT technology using the MVSG compact device model

This study is a first demonstration of the use of a physical compact model as a tool to identify technology bottlenecks to the linearity performance of emerging devices such as GaN HEMTs and to provide solutions to improve linearity both through device-design and circuit-design techniques. GaN-based HEMTs are emerging as key technology solutions in wireless communication systems that can address the increasing demand for highly efficient, linear amplification of digitally modulated information to cater to new applications such as personal communication, internet of things, 5G etc [1]. The primary advantage of GaN-HEMTs in terms of higher bandgap, carrier-mobility and charge-density can yield better output power (Pout), and power-added-efficiency (PAE) but the linearity behavior of GaN-based power amplifiers (PAs) that trades-off with the aforementioned figures of merit (FoMs) is still to be understood. Non-linearity results in adjacent channel interference, spectral regrowth, and degrading error vector magnitude (EVM) that impose bandwidth constraints and higher bit error rate (BER) for complex modulated signals.
Primary effusion lymphoma: current concepts and management.

Purpose of reviewTo summarize the current epidemiology, management, and outcomes of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and highlight possible future research efforts.Recent findingsCyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone-based chemotherapy regimens alone or in combination with immunomodu
College/University Counseling Centers Supporting Study Away: Challenges and Opportunities

ABSTRACTResearch points to significant numbers of students on college campuses experiencing mental health distress and an ever increasing number of college students who are choosing to make an off-campus educational experience a part of their college careers. When we consider both of these trends together, it is quite apparent that a significant number of students with mental health concerns will spend periods of time studying away from campus, with converging concerns among college mental health and study away professionals about how to best support these students. This article seeks to outline both challenges and opportunities inherent in the collaboration between campus professionals in supporting students with mental health issues before and during their study away experiences.
Sodium Diisopropylamide in Tetrahydrofuran: Selectivities, Rates, and Mechanisms of Arene Metalations

Sodium diisopropylamide (NaDA)-mediated metalations of arenes in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/hexane or THF/Me2NEt solutions are described. A survey of >40 benzenoid- and pyridine-based arenes with a range of substituents demonstrates the efficacy and regioselectivity of metalation. Metalations of activated disubstituted arenes and selected monosubstituted arenes are rapid at −78 °C. Rate studies of 1,3-dimethoxybenzene and related methoxylated arenes show exclusively monomer-based orthometalations with two or three coordinated THF ligands. Rate studies of the isotopic exchange of benzene and monosubstituted arenes with weakly activating groups reveal analogous di- and trisolvated monomer-based metalations. Cooperative inductive, mesomeric, steric, and chelate effects are discussed.
5-HT1F receptor-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis for the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Background and Purpose Parkinson's disease is characterized by progressive decline in motor function due to degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, as well as other deficits including cognitive impairment and behavioral abnormalities. Mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to loss of ATP-dependent cellular functions, calcium overload, excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, is implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Using the 5-HT1F receptor agonist LY344864, a known inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis (MB), this study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of stimulating MB on dopaminergic neuron loss in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Experimental Approach Male C57BL/6 mice underwent bilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (n=14/group) or saline (n=11) injections and daily treatment with 2 mg kg-1 LY344864 or vehicle for 14d beginning 7d post-lesion. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-ir) and MB were assessed in the brains of all groups following treatment, and locomotor activity was evaluated prior to lesioning, 7d post-lesion and after treatment. Key Results Increased mitochondrial DNA content and nuclear and mitochondrial-encoded mRNA and protein expression were observed in select brain regions of LY344864-treated naive and lesioned mice, indicating augmented MB. LY344864 attenuated TH-ir loss in the striatum and substantia nigra compared to vehicle-treated lesioned animals. LY344864 treatment also increased locomotor activity in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned mice, while vehicle treatment had no effect. Conclusions and Implications These data reveal that LY344864-induced MB attenuated dopaminergic neuron loss and improved behavioral endpoints in this model. We suggest that stimulating MB may be beneficial for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and that the 5-HT1F receptor may be an effective therapeutic target.
Structural studies of DNA through cleavage by the hydroxyl radical.

Although the overall architecture of DNA has been clear since the work of Watson and Crick, the-detailed structure of DNA (and its dependence on sequence) is still an area of active research. The chief experimental difficulty is that DNA as it exists in biological systems is a very large molecule. The traditional methods for chemical structure determination (for example, X-ray crystallography and NMR), while able to provide important insights into the structures of small DNA oligonucleotides, are at a loss when structural information is needed on much larger natural DNA molecules.
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer

Comprising a large proportion of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), metastatic disease is a major oncologic concern. Consequently, enormous ongoing efforts in both systemic and radiation therapy are specifically aimed at delaying progression and potentially increasing survival over historical treatment with palliative chemotherapy. One particular approach is the concept of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for oligometastatic disease, which refers to administering non-invasive local therapy to limited sites of gross disease in efforts to eradicate the most likely areas of progression and potential sources that generate de novo metastases.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with formiminoglutamic aciduria detected through newborn screening

Glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency (FTCD deficiency) or formiminoglutamic aciduria is the second most common of the known inherited disorders of folate metabolism. Initial case reports suggested that patients may have severe intellectual disability and megaloblastic anemia. However, these cases were obtained from screening cohorts of patients with developmental delay. Subsequently, patients with milder clinical phenotypes have been reported. The full phenotypic spectrum of this disorder remains unknown. In many states, FTCD deficiency can be incidentally detected on tandem mass spectrometry-based newborn screening of dried blood spots. In this work, we report the outcomes of infants identified to have FTCD deficiency through newborn screening. During the study period, 18 patients were identified to have FTCD deficiency and were referred and evaluated at one of the two participating metabolic centers. The overall rate of FTCD deficiency detected through the New Jersey screening program over the study time period was 1:58,982. At a mean age of 56 months at last follow-up: 3/18 (16%) had developmental delays requiring individualized education plans, no patients had profound intellectual disability; 4/16 (25%) had mild self-limited anemia, no patients had profound anemia. These data suggest that the majority of individuals with FTCD deficiency detected by newborn screening are asymptomatic.
Approach to Vaginal/Vestibular Masses in the Bitch

The most common causes of vaginal/vestibular masses in the bitch are vaginal prolapse, vaginal neoplasia, and urethral neoplasia protruding into the vaginal vault. Other possible causes are clitoral enlargement, vaginal polyps, uterine prolapse, and vaginal abscessation or hematoma. Vaginal prolapse usually can be distinguished from neoplasia by the age of the patient, the time of occurrence during the estrous cycle, and the site of origin of the mass. Prolapse usually occurs in bitches under 4 years of age during proestrus, estrus, or at the end of diestrus and usually arises from the floor of the vagina, except for urethral tumors that protrude from the external urethral orifice. Appropriate diagnostic workup of bitches with vaginal vestibular masses includes complete history and physical examination, vaginal cytologic and vaginoscopic examination, retrograde vaginography or urethrocystography, serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations, and, in the case of suspect neoplasms, surgical or excision biopsy of the mass.
Influence of biostimulation on reproduction in postpartum beef cows.

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of biostimulation (exposure to bulls or androgenized females) on various reproductive variables in suckled beef cows. Bulls or testosterone-treated cows (TTC) were introduced to cows, randomly allotted to one of four groups, within 72 h postpartum. In Exp. 1, Groups 1 and 3 were exposed to bulls and Groups 2 and 4 were exposed to TTC. In Exp. 2, Groups 1 and 3 were exposed to bulls and Groups 2 and 4 served as controls (isolated from biostimulation). In Exp. 3, Groups 1 and 3 were exposed to TTC and Groups 2 and 4 served as controls. Mean postpartum intervals to estrus were not different between cows exposed to either bulls or TTC in Exp. 1 (P greater than .10). However, in Exp. 2 and 3, cows exposed to either bulls or TTC had reduced postpartum intervals to estrus (44 and 41 d, respectively) compared with control cows (52 d; P less than .05). Fewer control cows were in estrus at either 40 d (P less than .05; Exp. 2 and 3) or 60 d (P less than .05; Exp. 3) postpartum than were cows exposed to bulls or TTC. No differences were observed between groups in any experiment for postpartum intervals to pregnancy (P greater than .10). These data indicate that cows exposed to biostimulation from either bulls or TTC immediately after calving return to estrus earlier than do cows isolated from biostimulation.
Minimal clinically important difference for grip strength: a systematic review

[Purpose] The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in grip strength is critical to interpreting changes in hand strength over time. This review was undertaken to summarize extant descriptions of the MCID for grip strength. [Methods] A search of 3 bibliographic databases as well as a hand search were completed to identify articles reporting the MCID for grip forces obtained by dynamometry. [Results] Of 38 unique articles identified as potentially relevant, 4 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this review. The MCIDs ranged from 0.04 kg to 6.5 kg. However, only a single study used receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and had an associated area under the curve exceeding 0.70. That study reported an MCID of 6.5 kg, which was similar to the MCIDs of another included study and minimal detectable changes reported elsewhere. [Conclusion] Additional, more rigorous, studies are needed to identify MCIDs for grip strength. In the meantime changes of 5.0 to 6.5 kg may be reasonable estimates of meaningful changes in grip strength.
Hepatitis C treatment uptake and response among human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients in a large integrated healthcare system:

U.S. guidelines recommend that patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) be prioritized for HCV treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), b...
When and Why People Evaluate Negative Reciprocity as More Fair Than Positive Reciprocity

If you are kind to me, I am likely to reciprocate and doing so feels fair. Many theories of social exchange assume that such reciprocity and fairness are well aligned with one another. We argue that this correspondence between reciprocity and fairness is restricted to interpersonal dyads and does not govern more complex multilateral interactions. When multiple people are involved, reciprocity leads to partiality, which may be seen as unfair by outsiders. We report seven studies, conducted with people from the United States, in which participants were asked to evaluate situations involving resource distribution in contexts such as economic games, government, and the workplace. Specifically, we find that equal resource distribution in multilateral interactions is seen as more fair than engaging in reciprocity. We also find that negative reciprocity is seen as more fair than positive reciprocity in these multilateral situations because positive reciprocity is perceived as based in favoritism. We rule out alternative explanations and demonstrate that there are contexts where favoritism is not viewed as unfair. These findings are important for theories of fairness and reciprocity as they demonstrate the central role of perceived partiality in the evaluation of multi-party resource allocation.
Efficient release of immunocaptured cells using coiled-coils in a microfluidic device

Label-free and affinity-based cell separation allows highly specific cell capture through simple procedures, but it remains a major challenge to efficiently release the captured cells without changing their structure, phenotype, and function. We report a microfluidic platform for label-free immunocapture of target cells and efficient release of the cells with minimal biochemical and biophysical perturbations. The method capitalizes on self-assembly of a pair of heterodimerizing coiled-coils, A and B. Target cells are captured in microchannels functionalized with an antibody and A and efficiently released by a liquid flow containing B-PEG (a conjugate of B and polyethylene glycol) at a controlled, low shear stress. The released cells have no antibodies attached or endogenous surface molecules cleaved. In a model system, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were isolated from a mixture of HUVECs and human ovarian carcinoma cells. The capture selectivity, capture capacity, and release efficiency were 96.3% ± 1.8%, 10 735 ± 1897 cells per cm2, and 92.5% ± 3.8%, respectively, when the flow was operated at a shear stress of 1 dyn cm−2. The method can be readily adapted for isolation of any cells that are recognizable by a commercially available antibody, and B-PEG is a universal cell-releasing trigger.
Effects of fuel characteristics on ember generation characteristics at branch-scales

Spot fires caused by lofted embers (i.e. firebrands) can be a significant factor in the spread of wildfires. Embers can be especially dangerous near the wildland–urban interface (WUI) because of the potential for the fire to be spread near or on structures. This work sought to identify how ember generation changes for different fuel characteristics and environmental conditions. Samples were burned in a heated wind tunnel and the time required for the ember(s) to form was measured using a DSLR camera. A factorial analysis of variance was used to determine the sensitivity of the time to generation to species, diameter, moisture content, fuel condition (i.e. dowel v. natural sample), crossflow temperature and crossflow velocity. Four fuel species were evaluated: Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and white oak (Quercus alba). The diameter of the samples had the greatest effect on the time to generation and the fuel species had the second greatest effect. The small diameter samples were relatively insensitive to changes in other parameters. Natural samples required significantly longer time than dowels to generate an ember. These conclusions suggest that fuel morphology is one of the most significant factors influencing ember generation.
Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - Reaching for Higher Value in Health Care by Bringing Together Clinicians and Researchers—The Michigan Program on Value Enhancement

Hospitalists often serve as leaders in quality improvement. This commentary discusses the benefits of hospitalists partnering with an embedded clinical research unit to conduct this work. A strong ...
Using Microsoft's .NET platform in CS1 and CS2

The .NET framework is a platform for building and running applications. Its chief components are the common language runtime (CLR) and the .NET Framework Class Library (FCL). The CLR abstracts operating system services and serves as an execution engine for managed applications---applications whose every action is subject to approval by the CLR. The FCL provides an object-oriented API to develop managed applications in any of the supported languages (Visual Basic.NET, C#, J#, C++). Code in any of the supported languages is 'compiled' into a common intermediate language (CIL) which is executed by the CLR. The programming language that you choose is little more than a lifestyle choice.