cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuraxial Anesthesia and Timing of Heparin Administration in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Objective The goal of this review was to add to the existing literature documenting the safety of performing neuraxial techniques in patients who are subsequently fully heparinized, with particular emphasis on the timing of heparin administration. This will help improve risk estimation and possibly lead to a more widespread use of neuraxial anesthesia in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Single tertiary-care university hospital. Participants All patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart diseases during a 5-year period. Interventions The medical records of all patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart diseases during a 5-year period were reviewed for any complications related to the use of neuraxial anesthesia. Furthermore, the interval from neuraxial anesthesia to heparinization for cardiopulmonary bypass was examined. Results In total, 714 patients were identified who had neuraxial anesthesia administered before full heparinization for cardiopulmonary bypass. No cases of symptomatic spinal or epidural hematomas occurred. Further analysis showed that the interval from neuraxial anesthesia to full heparinization was Conclusions No complications related to neuraxial anesthesia were found in a series of 714 patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease using cardiopulmonary bypass, including 466 patients in whom the interval from neuraxial anesthesia to full heparinization was
Meteorological features indicated by air‐conductivity measurements made on flight Of Explorer II

The electrical state of the free atmosphere up to nearly nine kilometers had been explored by a number of European physicists prior to the flight of Explorer II. They usually employed manned balloons of the open-basket type. Those observations led to the inference that the electrical potential of the air increases with altitude but at a diminishing rate, so that the potential gradient decreases with altitude, whereas the air-conductivity increases and at a rate such that the product of conductivity and potential gradient, or the air-earth current, at a given instant is roughly the same at all levels. There are, of course, departures from that trend, many of which are associated with meteorological features.
Ionospheric Electrodynamics Using Magnetic Apex Coordinates.

The equations of ionospheric electrodynamics are developed for a geomagnetic field of general configuration, with specific application to coordinate systems based on Magnetic Apex Coordinates. Two related coordinate systems are proposed: Modified Apex Coordinates, appropriate for calculations involving electric fields and magnetic-field-aligned currents; and Quasi-Dipole Coordinates, appropriate for calculations involving height-integrated ionospheric currents. Distortions of the geomagnetic field from a dipole cause modifications to the equations of electrodynamics, with distortion factors exceeding 50% at some geographical locations. Under the assumption of equipotential geomagnetic-field lines, it is shown how the field-line-integrated electrodynamic equations can be expressed in two dimensions in magnetic latitude and longitude, and how the height-integrated and field-aligned current densities can be calculated. Expressions are derived for the simplified calculation of magnetic perturbations above and below the ionosphere associated with the three-dimensional current system. It is shown how the base vectors for the Modified Apex coordinate system can be applied to map electric fields, plasma-drift velocities, magnetic perturbations, and Poynting fluxes along the geomagnetic field to other altitudes, automatically taking into account changes in magnitude and direction of these vector quantities along the field line. Similarly, it is shown how Quasi-Dipole coordinates are useful for expressing horizontal ionospheric currents, equivalent currents, and ground-level magnetic perturbations. A computer code is made available for efficient calculation of the various coordinates, base vectors, and related quantities described in this article.
Dental Practice During the Next Ten Years

There has never been a time when the schools have been as cooperative in work­ ing with outside agencies as they are to­ day. T he schools are willing and anxious to obtain new ideas for the improvement o f their teaching and are anxious, o f course, to receive the counsel and advice from those who are in practice. It is logi­ cal that the dental profession, the schools and the various auxiliary personnel, as well as the Council on Dental Education, could profit from conferences to study the problems o f dental education and to study the services and the activities in which the dentist of the future will be engaged.
Nuclear Dependence of Sulfur Mustard-Mediated Cell Death

Although sulfur mustard (SM) has been reported to be a DNA alkylating agent, it is not clear how much of the cytotoxicity of this agent is secondary to DNA damage. To test the hypothesis that the presence of a nucleus is required for the toxicity of sulfur mustard, enucleated endothelial cytoplasts were treated with SM. Using a combination of biochemical and microscopic assays, we demonstrate that some aspects of SM-induced cell death may be dependent on the presence of a nucleus, while others may not be. For example, it was found that cytoskeletal changes, such as loss of stress fibers and rounding, proceed in response to sulfur mustard treatment even in the absence of a nucleus. However, significant further increases in caspase activity and the associated phosphatidylserine translocation were not observed in cytoplasts treated with 500 μM SM for 6 h (following a 20-h recovery at the end of cytoplast preparation). In contrast, cytoplasts treated with chelerythrine, an agent previously reported to induce rapid apoptosis, demonstrated increases in caspase activity in cytoplasts comparable to that observed in the nucleated cells. This indicates that sulfur mustard-induced alkylation of nuclear DNA may be an important stimulus for activation of caspases in nucleated cells. Interestingly, the baseline caspase activity in cytoplasts was greater than in nucleated cells. Analysis of the time course of caspase activation in untreated adherent cytoplasts indicated that the activity increases initially and then stabilizes by 8 h to a low level that was comparable to the level observed at 26 h in untreated cytoplasts. This indicates that cytoplasts are able to tolerate stable low levels of caspase activity and not proceed immediately into the execution phase of apoptosis. The cytoplast model may be quite useful in the toxicological assessment of agents that are thought to exert their toxicity through DNA damage.
POST TEST REVIEW OF A SINGLE CAR TEST OF MULTI-LEVEL PASSENGER EQUIPMENT

In support of the Federal Railroad Administration’s (FRA) Railroad Equipment Safety Program, a full-scale dynamic single car impact test of multi-level passenger equipment was conducted on October 2, 2007. The purpose of the test was to evaluate the crashworthiness performance of a multi-level car. The car struck the test barrier at 36.6 miles per hour (mph). Instrumentation on the car measured the deformations of critical structural elements; the vertical, lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the car body and trucks; and the suspension displacements. The structure of a multi-level car is different from that of a single level car or bi-level car. The underframe for single level cars and bi-level cars are straight. In a multi-level car, the underframe is at one level for the mezzanines, and at a lower level at the midsection. A transition structure, or gooseneck, connects the levels. Two passenger train incidents in the last few years have shown that multi-level cars deform in different modes from single level cars under dynamic loading conditions. In two separate collisions in Placentia and Glendale, CA, the gooseneck crushed. During the test, the most damage occurred in the draft sill. The gooseneck was beginning to hinge. The truck connections at both the leading and rear truck failed. Test results show that the multi-level car had a higher average force than the single level car. The secondary impact velocity is higher for the conventional multi-level car than in the conventional single level car. The multi-level car crushed approximately 2 feet during the test, 3 feet less than the single level car crushed.
Solvent dielectric attenuation of substituent effects. Dependence on boundary representation in prolate spheroidal cavity models

Extension of the in homogeneous continuum solvent model to prolate spheroidal cavity systems in the context of Kirkwood-Westheimer substituent-reactivity theory is described. Reasonable effects attributable to electrical saturation and electrostriction, which are modeled by relatively simple spatial dielectric functions outside the solute-solvent boundary, may be demonstrated. It is also shown that choices of property location of the interacting sites and magnitude of substituent dipole moments are comparably important to the quality of theoretical prediction. 11 references, 3 figures, 1 table.
AB INITIO MOLECULAR DYNAMICS WITH DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY

Recent applications of density functional theory base ab initio molecular dynamics in chemical relevant systems are reviewed. The emphasis is on the dynamical aspect in the study of structures, reaction mechanisms, and electronic properties in both the molecular and condensed phases. Examples were chosen from fluxional molecules, solution reactions, and biological systems to illustrate the broad potential applications and unique information that can be obtained from ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. Recent advances in the development of efficient numerical algorithms for the prediction of spectroscopic properties are highlighted.
DHEA Treatment Reduces Fat Accumulation and Protects Against Insulin Resistance in Male Rats

The purpose of this study was to determine whether administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) protects male rats against the accumulation of body fat the development of insulin resistance with advancing age. We found that supplementation of the diet with 0.3% DHEA between the ages of 5 months and approximately 25 months resulted in a significantly lower final body weight (DHEA, 593 +/- 18 g vs control, 668 +/- 12 g, p < 0.02), despite no decrease in food intake. Lean body mass was unaffected by the DHEA, and the lower body weight was due to a approximately 25% reduction in body fat. The rate of glucose disposal during a euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp was 30% higher in the DHEA group than in the sedentary controls due to a greater insulin responsiveness. The DHEA administration was as effective in reducing body fat content and maintaining insulin responsiveness as exercise in the form of voluntary wheel running. The DHEA had no significant effect on muscle GLUT4 content. A preliminary experiment provided evidence suggesting that muscle insulin signaling, as reflected in binding of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to the insulin receptor substrate-1, was enhanced in the DHEA-treated and wheel running groups as compared to controls. These results provide evidence that DHEA, like exercise, protects against excess fat accumulation and development of insulin resistance in rats.
The Rise of Mao Tse-Tung

The Preponderance of historical evidence now available provides a sound underpinning for the general thesis that throughout his struggle for power, Mao Tse-tung has always worked within a Marxist-Leninist framework; that he, like other Communist leaders before him, has not hesitated to improvise within that framework; and that the success of his greatest improvisation—the use of Chinese peasants as the main force in the revolutionary struggle—is actually a negation of fundamental Marxist-Leninist tenets. This analysis has been thoroughly and ably developed by Benjamin Schwartz and needs no elaboration.
Nonprofit and For-Profit Competition with Public Alternatives in an Urban Setting with Congestion

This theoretical analysis describes nonprofit-public and for-profit-public competition in an urban setting. The model resembles a Hotelling game with endogenous firm location, prices, and facility congestion. Because residents have free mobility, rent is also endogenous. The analysis identifies the optimal spatial and pricing configuration, against which nonprofit-public and for-profit-public competition are compared. If there is no congestion, both types of public-private competition are equivalent if profits are ignored. Neither type of public-private competition is optimal. However when congestion is present, nonprofit-public competition improves overall welfare in comparison to for-profit-public competition. The analysis identifies optimal subsidies and zoning rules that induce welfare-improving behavior on the part of either type of competition.
General Relativistic Fluid Spheres

In Part I of this paper certain well known results concerning the Schwarzschild interior solution are generalized to more general static fluid spheres in the form of inequalities comparing the boundary value of ${g}_{44}$ with certain expressions involving only the mass concentration and the ratio of the central energy density to the central pressure. A minimal theorem appropriate to the relativistic domain is derived for the central pressure, corresponding to a well-known classical result. Inequalities involving the proper energy and the potential energy are also considered, as is the introduction of the physical radius in place of the coordinate radius. A singularity-free elementary algebraic solution of the field equations is presented and exact values obtained from it compared with the limits prescribed by some of the inequalities. In Part II an answer is given to the question whether the total amount of radiation emitted during the symmetrical gravitational contraction of an amount of matter whose initial energy, at complete dispersion, is ${W}_{0}$ can ever exceed ${W}_{0}$.
Parameter estimation for MIMO systems

In the design of adaptive control systems, it is sometimes necessary to estimate parameters for systems represented by state-space models. A direct approach using those state-space models usually leads to a very complicated and noneffective parameter estimation algorithm. However, if a relationship between the state-space model and an input-output model is used it is possible to estimate the parameters for a state-space model by first estimating the parameters for the corresponding input-output model. The authors present such models, such a relationship, and a general recursive parameter estimation algorithm based on some ideas from the prediction error method and the method of stochastic approximation. Our parameter estimation technique is then developed using this general recursive algorithm. A two-input two-output system example is used to illustrate the technique. >
Brief Primer on Clostridium difficile Infection Costs, Reimbursement, and Government Regulation

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an important, costly, public health problem in the United States. Four economic studies have reported attributable costs of $3,000 to $12,000 per case. There is a great need for comparative- and cost-effectiveness studies of new CDI therapies. Such studies should include direct medical costs, indirect costs, lost opportunity costs, costs associated with disease recurrence, and quality of life assessments to help health care decision makers determine the value of these therapies.
Industrialization and Urbanization: A Geographical Agenda

Abstract The paper opens with a redefinition of the urban question in terms of the logic of industrialization. It is shown how processes of vertical and horizontal disintegration lead to increasing external economies of scale, and how these then translate out into a basic urban dynamic. These same processes are susceptible to reversal, with vertical and horizontal integration as the result. This reversal intersects with a series of other processes (linkage changes, scale adjustments, deskilling, and so on) leading frequently to industrial decentralization and dispersal. An attempt is made to show how the structures of production and work are expressed in (and are at the same time dependent on) the peculiar forms of residential and social activity that occur in the modern metropolis. The paper concludes with a brief allusion to the political significance of the urban question as redefined.
Umbilical cord blood cells capable of engrafting in primary, secondary, and tertiary xenogeneic hosts are preserved after ex vivo culture in a noncontact system

This report describes stroma-based and stroma-free cultures that maintain long-term engrafting hematopoietic cells for at least 14 days ex vivo. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD34(+) cells were cultured in transwells above AFT024 feeders with fetal-liver-tyrosine-kinase (FL) + stem cell factor (SCF) + interleukin 7 (IL-7), or FL + thrombopoietin (Tpo). CD34(+) progeny were transplanted into nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice or preimmune fetal sheep. SCID repopulating cells (SRC) with multilineage differentiation potential were maintained in FL-SCF-IL-7 or FL-Tpo containing cultures for up to 28 days. Marrow from mice highly engrafted with uncultured or expanded cells induced multilineage human hematopoiesis in 50% of secondary but not tertiary recipients. Day 7 expanded cells engrafted primary, secondary, and tertiary fetal sheep. Day 14 expanded cells, although engrafting primary and to a lesser degree secondary fetal sheep, failed to engraft tertiary recipients. SRC that can be transferred to secondary recipients were maintained for at least 14 days in medium containing glycosaminoglycans and cytokines found in stromal supernatants. This is the first demonstration that ex vivo culture in stroma-noncontact and stroma-free cultures maintains "long-term" engrafting cells, defined by their capacity to engraft secondary or tertiary hosts. (Blood. 2001;97:3441-3449)
The Function of the Immanent Trinity in the Theology of Karl Barth: Implications for Today

Many modern theologians, including Jurgen Moltmann, Wolfhart Pannenberg and Eberhard Jungel have been influenced by Karl Barth; they also accept Karl Rahner's axiom that the immanent and economic trinity is identical. By accepting this axiom, however, they actually stand opposed to Barth's most basic theological insight, namely, that ‘a deliberate and sharp distinction between the Trinity of God as we may know it in the Word of God revealed, written and proclaimed, and God's immanent Trinity, i.e., between “God in Himself” and “God for us,” between the “eternal history of God and His temporal acts,”’ must be maintained in order to avoid confusing and reversing the role of Creator in relation to creature both theoretically and practically. This article will explore Barth's reasons for neither identifying, separating nor synthesizing the immanent and economic trinity; and will contrast his method with more recent theological approaches. We hope to show that the contemporary tendency to identify the immanent and economic trinity uncritically compromises God's freedom. Barth was concerned that Moltmann had subsumed ‘all theology in eschatology’:To put it pointedly, does your theology of hope really differ at all from the baptized principle of hope of Mr Bloch? What disturbs me is that for you theology becomes so much a matter of principle (an eschatological principle).… Would it not be wise to accept the doctrine of the immanent trinity of God? Barth hoped that Moltmann would ‘outgrow’ this ‘onesidedness’.
Quantifying the benefit of elevated acoustic output in harmonic imaging

Tissue harmonic imaging (THI) has been widely used in abdominal imaging due to its significant reduction in acoustic noise compared to fundamental imaging. However, THI can be both signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and penetration-depth limited during clinical imaging, resulting in decreased diagnostic utility. A logical approach is to increase the source pressure, but the in situ pressures used in diagnostic imaging have been subject to a de facto upper limit based upon the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline for the Mechanical Index (MI < 1.9) since 1992. A recent AIUM report concluded that exceeding MI of 1.9 up to an estimated in situ value of 4.0, could be warranted without concern for increased risk of cavitation in non-fetal tissues without gas bodies. This work quantifies the benefit of elevated acoustic output in hepatic harmonic imaging. Increasing MI values were shown to be associated with increases in harmonic signal content, penetration depth, and vessel Contrast-to-noise ratio in THI images. Obese patients who suffer from poor ultrasound image quality are more likely to benefit from elevated acoustic output to enable better THI performance.
Teachers and Administrators: Elements of the Information Processing Repertoires of Schools:

The purpose of this article is to theoretically examine the loose coupling that has been observed to exist between teachers and administrators. Using Weick's concept of organizing, it is argued tha...
Why Do Payday Lenders Enter Local Markets? Evidence from Oregon

This study analyzes payday lenders’ entry strategies in the state of Oregon in order to look for changes in the nature of the industry and its relationship to traditional financial institutions. The results of fixed-effects logit regressions suggest that payday lenders have started to enter areas already being served by banks. Furthermore, the presence of “incumbent advantage” in entry decisions may also have implications concerning the level of competition in the industry. Finally, since payday lenders also enter areas with large Hispanic populations, it is still possible that payday loans represent the sole source of credit for certain segments of the population.
A unified framework for characterizing retiming and scheduling solutions

Retiming and scheduling are two important techniques used in high-level synthesis. The interaction between these techniques is important for high-quality ASIC design; however, these techniques are often studied separately. In this paper, we systematically study retiming, scheduling, and the interaction between them. We begin with a characterization of all retiming solutions. A similar characterization is then given for scheduling solutions, and this characterization takes into account the interaction between retiming and scheduling. The contribution of this paper is two-fold: first, we believe that our method of characterizing retiming and scheduling solutions lends insight into these problems and how they interact. Second, we demonstrate an algorithm which can generate all possible retiming or scheduling solutions, allowing a circuit designer to explore the space of possible implementations for a given data-flow graph.
Automatically Constructing Semantic Web Services from Online Sources

The work on integrating sources and services in the Semantic Web assumes that the data is either already represented in RDF or OWL or is available through a Semantic Web Service. In practice, there is a tremendous amount of data on the Web that is not available through the Semantic Web. In this paper we present an approach to automatically discover and create new Semantic Web Services. The idea behind this approach is to start with a set of known sources and the corresponding semantic descriptions and then discover similar sources, extract the source data, build semantic descriptions of the sources, and then turn them into Semantic Web Services. We implemented an end-to-end solution to this problem in a system called Deimos and evaluated the system across five different domains. The results demonstrate that the system can automatically discover, learn semantic descriptions, and build Semantic Web Services with only example sources and their descriptions as input.
Do nurse and patient injuries share common antecedents? An analysis of associations with safety climate and working conditions

Background Safety climate and nurses' working conditions may have an impact on both patient outcomes and nurse occupational health, but these outcomes have rarely been examined concurrently. Objective To examine the association of unit-level safety climate and specific nurse working conditions with injury outcomes for both nurses and patients in a single hospital. Research design A cross-sectional study was conducted using nursing-unit level and individual-level data at an urban, level-one trauma centre in the USA. Multilevel logistic regressions were used to examine associations among injury outcomes, safety climate and working conditions on 29 nursing units, including a total of 723 nurses and 28 876 discharges. Measures Safety climate was measured in 2004 using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). Working conditions included registered nursing hours per patient day (RNHPPD) and unit turnover. Patient injuries included 290 falls, 167 pulmonary embolism/deep vein thrombosis (PE/DVT), and 105 decubitus ulcers. Nurse injury was defined as a reported needle-stick, splash, slip, trip, or fall (n=78). Working conditions and outcomes were measured in 2005. Results The study found a negative association between two SAQ domains, Safety and Teamwork, with the odds of both decubitus ulcers and nurse injury. RNHPPD showed a negative association with patient falls and decubitus ulcers. Unit turnover was positively associated with nurse injury and PE/DVT, but negatively associated with falls and decubitus ulcers. Conclusions Safety climate was associated with both patient and nurse injuries, suggesting that patient and nurse safety may actually be linked outcomes. The findings also indicate that increased unit turnover should be considered a risk factor for nurse and patient injuries.
The technology of ICRF systems

The technology of ICRF systems has made substantial gains in the past few years. The total power levels have increased from the 5-MW level to greater than 20 MW; the pulse lengths have increased from the 100-msec level to 30 seconds. Recently, fast wave current drive (FWCD) has been demonstrated using phased arrays of ICRF antennas. In order to achieve such large gains, substantial changes and improvements were needed in the level of design analysis, fabrication techniques, and system controls.
Variation in Time of Egg Hatch by the Honey Bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

More detailed information on the age at which a honey bee, Apis mellifera L., egg hatches and the natural variation of this trait was needed to guide development of cryopreservation technology for honey bee embryos. Therefore, honey bee queens were caged on a clean, empty comb for 4 h to obtain groups of eggs of known age. These eggs were collected from the comb using a special forceps and placed on beeswax-coated petri dishes. Individual eggs were observed from 65 h after oviposition until they hatched (48.6% hatched). A tracheal network became visible ≈2 h before hatching. Then, slow flexing of upright embryos and abdominal peristalsis were seen. Release of a fluid along the dorsal midline of the embryo was observed rarely in normal hatching. In contrast, fluid was frequently observed seeping from bulges on embryos that hatched poorly (30.6%). In a normal sequence, the eggshell was gradually digested away, and complete hatch accomplished. The age at which this occurred was significantly different between eggs from different queens, ranging from 66 to 93 h. Hatching age may be a useful marker for selection of faster development time overall, a possible mode of resistance to the varroa mite. Respiration was visible in the larvae for 1–9 h after hatch. In vitro rearing procedures for embryos preserved by cryopreservation will be designed around the parameters estimated in this study.
Political business cycles in a dynamic bipartisan voting model

Abstract We provide a microfoundation for the existence of political business cycles generalizing and extending the classic Nordhaus model. Using a differential games approach, we model the strategic interaction of legislators in an election period and show that cycles can exist in equilibrium. The existence and shape of cycles depend on the parameters of the model and the initial level of unemployment. In addition, we offer an extension of the model to incorporate presidential veto behavior.
Review of Dicompass DICOM Camera App for Android.

Seller: Medoro s.r.o. Category: Medical Updated: October 02, 2015 Version: 1.2.5 Size: 3.2 M Rating: Rated 4+ Family sharing: N/A Compatibility: Requires Android 4.0.3 and up Languages: English Czech German Russian Polish Spanish French Slovak App icon URL: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details? id=org.medoro.dicompasscamera App name: Dicompass DICOM Camera App developer: MEDORO s.r.o. App developer Website: http://www.dicompass.cz/ App price: Free for evaluation. US$8 for 1 month; US$82 for 1 year license; and US$160 for 3 years. Contact company for site licensing options. Apple App Store URL: N/A Google Play Store URL: https://play.google.com/store/apps/ details?id=org.medoro.dicompasscamera Category: clinical, medical Tags: clinical DICOM, MWL, XC, clinical photo, wireless, Android camera Works offline: Yes FDA approval: N/A Promotion code: JDI-DICOMPASS (10% discount for directly purchased licenses.)
A Treatment Strategy for Rosacea

The cause of rosacea is speculative [1, 2]. Regardless of theories about its pathogenesis, no single therapeutic strategy successfully treats all types of rosacea and all patients with rosacea [3–5]. This chapter explores the therapies in various subsets of rosacea. Evidence-based studies and other reports are cited [6]. The efficacy of these treatments often has not been supported by the highest levels of evidence, namely, randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.
Responsible Negotiation: Caring for People, Problems and Processes

Responsible negotiation is defined (1) as an empowerment process, (2) which helps reach the best possible responses that fit the problems at stake and (3) where the negotiators hold themselves accountable for both the process and its responses towards the people who are concerned. This broad approach means integrating people care, problem solving and process facilitation. Caring for people supposes to go from “I” to “We”: from myself to the other negotiator, the principals and all the stakeholders. Problem-solving requires to go beyond the crossed demands of the parties, uncover their real motivations, and look for creating-value solutions which are justifiable. Process facilitation involves a communication process where the others are empowered so that they can co-develop the solutions and own them.
Vegetable Leafminer and Parasite Emergence from Tomato Foliage Sprayed with Oxamyl

Two field experiments were conducted to determine the role of oxamyl in the management of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard on tomato. On a regular pesticide schedule, 2 applications/week of oxamyl 2L at 59.9 g AI/100 liters were necessary to reduce the number of L. sativae emerging from treated ‘Floradel’ foliage when sampled over the entire season. However, the number of emerging L. sativae was still above the damage threshold of 1 active mine/3 terminal leaflets. Significant reductions in the number of emerging hymenopterous parasites were observed when treatments were applied at intervals as great as 2 wk. A single application of oxamyl at a rate as low as 30.0 or as high as 119.8 g AI/100 liters or methamidophos at 89.9 g AI/100 liters significantly reduced the number of emerging leafminers without affecting parasite emergence. Reductions of emerging L. sativae below the damage threshold were reached after 1 day for methamidophos and 3 days for the 119.8 and 59.9 g AI/100 liters rates of oxamyl. Oxamyl may best fit a pest management program where sprays are applied as needed based on regular scouting.
Purely Gasdynamic Multidimensional Indirect Detonation Initiation Using Localized Acoustic Timescale Power Deposition

A “purely gasdynamic” indirect detonation initiation process is presented that can be independent of diffusion, viscosity and turbulence, and does not require direct initiation. In this process, energy is deposited into a finite volume of fluid in an amount of time that is similar to the acoustic timescale of the fluid volume. Highly resolved two-dimensional simulations show that the artificial diffusion implicit in the numerical method is demonstrated to accelerate detonation formation. It is shown that given sufficient resolution, the detonation formation time becomes dependent only on large-scale gasdynamics and is independent of the small scale structures.
The Homologies of the Ring Gland of Diptera Brachycera

A prerequisite of any theory of the source of insect hormones which attempts to reconcile observations on the Diptera with those on other insects is a knowledge of the homologies of the ring gland. This organ was first described by Weismann in 1864 in his description of the development of Calliphora vomitoria L. and Sarcophaga carnaria Meig., and has been referred to frequently as “Weismann's Ring.” It has since been described many times in various Diptera Brachycera, usually having been considered, following Weismann, a supporting structure of the dorsal vessel. Burtt, first (1937) from phylogenetic studies of Nematocera and Brachycera and from the morphology of the gland, and later from a physiological investigation (1938) concluded that the ring gland is homologous with the corpus allatum of other insects. Mellanby (1938) accepted this view without question. In 1938 Scharrer and Hadorn suggested that the corpus cardiacum was also included in the ring gland. Hanstrom (1939), without knowledge of their work, concluded that the ring gland was composed only of corpus cardiacum tissue.
Energy state of wheat leaves in ammonium nitrate-treated plants.

Summary Energy state, as indicated by content of ATP and total adenosine phosphates and energy charge, is higher in leaves of the fertilizer-treated plants of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Yamhill) than those without fertilizer. Structural components and amino acid pool are also larger, but sucrose, total sugars and stanch content are smaller, indicating efficient biosynthesis and facilitated transport of photosynthetic products in leaves of fertilized plants.
Abstract 2869: FLASH-dependent post-translational regulation of the EMT activator ZEB1

Understanding the mechanisms of metastasis initiation and tumor persistence despite aggressive treatments is paramount to developing new viable therapeutic targets. Critical to tumor progression is initiation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cellular process characterized by loss of E-cadherin, a critical cell-cell adhesion molecule, gain of migratory properties and chemoresistance. Transcriptional repression of E-cadherin and other genes responsible for maintaining the epithelial phenotype by ZEB1/ZEB2 family is one of the most significant events occurring at the interface between non-metastatic/metastatic cancer and chemo-sensitive/chemo-resistant cancer. Using a novel interdisciplinary high-throughput screen methodology we uncovered novel regulators of E-cadherin. Caspase 8 - associated protein 2 (CASP8AP2 or FLASH) a protein involved in apoptosis and transcriptional control was identified through this screen and we discovered that FLASH depletion resulted in increased E-cadherin levels at the plasma membrane through loss of ZEB1 expression. Subsequent examination of ZEB1 protein expression revealed that ZEB1 is rapidly degraded in FLASH-depleted cells. This process is blocked by proteasome inhibitors suggesting that post-translational modifications (PTMs) and in particular ubiquitination of ZEB1 is responsible for its fast turnover and decreased protein expression in the absence of FLASH. Indeed, ubiquitinated ZEB1 was detected in FLASH-depleted cells in the presence of proteasome inhibitors. Although ZEB1 is degraded through the ubiquitin pathway, its rapid turnover in the absence of FLASH suggests that protective mechanisms are in place to delay and/or prevent this process. Even more, we determined that the atypical ubiquitin E3 ligase complex Skp1-Pam-Fbxo45 is involved in ZEB1 degradation in the absence of FLASH and is upregulated in cells depleted for FLASH. Altogether our data suggests that FLASH can stabilizes ZEB1 indirectly by transcriptional repression of the ubiquitin ligase responsible for its degradation and directly by binding to ZEB1 and masking the recognition site of the ubiquitin ligase. Even more, absence of FLASH reprograms the cells into a more epithelial-like phenotype which is less invasive and is resistant to TGFβ-induced loss of E-cadherin. Not only is FLASH-dependent post-translational regulation of ZEB1 novel, but is also conserved in multiple cells lines from various tissues, making this mechanism an original therapeutic target for cancer metastasis. Citation Format: Camille Abshire, Ana Maria Dragoi. FLASH-dependent post-translational regulation of the EMT activator ZEB1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2869.
Xenophilia as a Cultural Trap: Bridging the Gap Between Transpersonal Psychology and Religious/Spiritual Traditions

Xenophilia, seen as a type of romanticism, is proposed as an explanation for the tendency within transpersonal psychology to privilege so-called exotic religious and spiritual traditions, as opposed to the xenophobic tendency within mainstream Western psychology of religion and spirituality to privilege the Judeo-Christian tradition. Claims made in a recent article published in a major psychology journal that Buddhism does not rest on supernatural faith and is the most psychological spiritual tradition are challenged as examples of this type of romanticism. Demographic trends showing conversion rates to Buddhism in the US are contrasted with conversion rates to Christianity in South Korea, also evidencing this tendency to embrace religious and spiritual traditions in accord with xenophilia.
Volume-Based Feeding in Enteral Nutrition: What About Diabetes?

Q At my hospital, we have a volume-based tube feeding practice. If a patient's tube feeding rate is adjusted up and down to ensure delivery of the 24-hour volume, how do you control blood glucose level? This would be especially important in a patient receiving an insulin infusion with hourly checks of blood glucose level. Is the blood glucose level significantly affected by changes in the tube feeding rate? If so, do you find that the standard ordered insulin scales are adequate?
Mandated ultrasound prior to abortion.

Laws that require women seeking abortions to receive an ultrasound and view the results are not based on evidence of the effect of ultrasound viewing in abortion care and are inconsistent with ethical medical practice.
Effective and efficient care delivery for HCV treatments in Medicaid

ABSTRACTHepatitis C virus (HCV) was discovered 25 years ago [1,2], and there is a need to evaluate the efficient delivery of effective care, due to the distribution of the disease, in hard-to-reach subgroups, as well as increased treatment efficacy and costs. The predominant treatment regimen used in practice, peginterferon–ribavirin, has had only modest efficacy. Developed for over a decade, albeit expensive, ‘Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs)’ have emerged with notable increases in effectiveness and less side effects in comparison to current treatment options. It is necessary to evaluate the efficient delivery of effective HCV treatments, to maximize value and health benefits achieved, and determine the most valued mix of HCV treatments.Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the cost efficiency of American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and Infectious Disease Society of America (AASLD-IDSA) recommended treatments for HCV patients with cirrhosis. Economic evaluation (cost–benef...
Percutaneous Interventional Repair of an Intraoperative Right Coronary Artery Tear.

A 70-year-old Caucasian man with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) 9 months status post–2-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting (left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending artery and saphenous vein graft to the first oblique marginal artery) performed at an outside hospital
Three-Dimensional Printed Polymer Waveguides for Whispering Gallery Mode Sensors

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators are widely exploited for highly sensitive sensing applications due to their ultrahigh quality $(Q)$ factor enabling single-particle detection. The WGM surface-confined resonant light recirculates around the resonator, allowing the light to interact with analytes over several round trips, which enhances the sensitivity of detection. However, the stability of efficient coupling of WGMs to ingress-egress waveguides for lab-on-chip has been problematic. The typical way to achieve WGM coupling is to use a tapered optical fiber or a prism, which makes the device either fragile or bulky, and is not conducive to sensor integration that can lead to robust lab-on-chip devices. In this letter, we demonstrate three-dimensional (3D) fabricated polymer waveguides that can be integrated and provide evanescent coupling to silica WGM microspheres without sacrificing $Q$ factor. By mechanically connecting the waveguides to the microcavity, we can control the coupling to the resonator and the mechanical stability of the 3D lab-on-chip sensor is greatly improved. This provides a pathway to enhance the stability of WGM coupling for sensor integration.
The Place of Facts in a World of Values: What is to be Done?

Am I confusing fraud, the intent to misrepresent, with error, the inadvertent mistake which may occur during the normal practice of science? Doob (1984) suggests as much. As one anonymous reviewer for the Psychological Reports put it: There are many scientists who adhere strongly to a particular theoretical position and simply ignore counter evidence. (How many times are unsuccessful experiments placed in ‘File 13’ but the one successful one submitted?). I am not condoning such a practice, but in some instances they are eventually proven right and in other instances proven wrong. In that sense, it is not a deliberate effort to deceive, it is the result of strongly held beliefs.
Predicting bystander intervention among middle school students.

Bullying is a prevalent issue in schools, and the importance of involving bystanders in bullying prevention has been recognized; however, there are few studies that examine personal characteristics that relate to the five steps of Latane and Darley's (1970) Bystander Intervention Model (notice the event, interpret as an emergency, accept responsibility, know what to do, and act). This study examined cognitive and affective empathy and perceived popularity and their relation to each of the five steps of the Bystander Intervention Model in Bullying (Nickerson, Aloe, Livingston, & Feeley, 2014), as well as explored if gender changed those relations. With a sample of 346 sixth to eighth grade students, we found a negative relation between perceived popularity and noticing bullying events. For boys, higher affective empathy was associated with a greater likelihood of interpreting bullying as an emergency and accepting responsibility for intervening, but for girls, their perception of bullying as an emergency and accepting responsibility was stable regardless of their level of affective empathy. (PsycINFO Database Record
The pedicled levator labii superioris alaeque nasi flap: A durable single-stage option for reconstruction of full-thickness nasal defects.

Abstract Importance Repair of full-thickness nasal defects can often be associated with multi-stage operations that can result in significant physical and psychological morbidity for patients. We present a single-stage option for reconstruction of these defects. Objective Demonstrate the utility of the pedicled levator labii superioris alaeque nasi flap and consistency of its vascular pedicle. Design Anatomical study using fresh cadavers. Setting Academic medical center. Main outcome and measures Evaluation of vascular anatomy of pedicled flap and measurements of distances with relationship to facial anatomic landmarks. Results With few noted anatomic variations, the vascular pedicle of the pedicled levator labii superioris alaeque nasi flap arises from the superior labial artery and is reliably located within 1 cm lateral and inferior of the nasal sill. Conclusions and relevance As a robust single-stage option, the pedicled levator labii superioris alaeque nasi flap can serve as a powerful option in the arsenal of the reconstructive surgeon. The technique for harvest is simple with attention to a few anatomic variations as described herein, and excellent results can be obtained with proper application.
Evolving Background Subtraction for Dynamic Lighting Scenarios

This paper presents a novel approach to background subtraction based on the concepts of typicality and eccentricity data analytics and self-evolving cloud-based classification. The proposed approach creates local (i.e. specific region of an image, up to pixel level) models of normality that can be recursively updated as new data are acquired. Each normality model can represent different normal scenarios, often significantly different from each other due to dynamic lighting (e.g. moving shadows, sunspots). Such a normality model is used to describe the background for the image stream. Each pixel or image region is then classificated as background or foreground based on its calculated eccentricity level, an aggregated measurement of the intensities of the RGB channels based on previous image samples. The proposed technique is compared with nine well-known background subtraction algorithms on a set of images of a moving vehicle interior. The results obtained are very promising, especially under challenging lighting scenarios.
Safety of nivolumab in combination with dendritic cell vaccines in recurrent high-grade glioma.

e13526Background: Recurrence of high-grade glioma (HGG) (WHO grade III-IV) is a nearly universal phenomenon and necessitates the development of new therapeutic modalities. Two possible immunotherap...
Effect of Genetic Selection for Milk Yield and Increased Milking Frequency on Plasma Growth Hormone and Prolactin Concentration in Holstein Cows

Fifty Holstein cattle, either second to fourth generation daughters of cows randomly bred to non-commercial sires originating in the Virginia Tech dairy herd (estimated mean PDM84 = -455 kg, control animals), or daughters of cows bred to commercially available sires (mean PDM84 = +368 kg, selection animals), were randomly assigned to be milked twice or thrice daily starting at parturition. Serial blood samples were collected via jugular cannulae at 30, 90 and 200 d post-partum (DPP) during both the first and second lactations. Blood samples were collected for 3 h prior to and 4 h following thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) administration, and were analyzed for growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) concentrations. Dry matter intake, body weight and milk yield and fat content were used to calculate net energy balance (NEB) of animals at each DPP sampling period. Mean plasma GH concentrations were greater (P less than .01) in selection vs control animals both before and after TRH administration, and decreased (P less than .01) with advancing lactation (30 greater than 90 greater than 200 DPP). However, NEB was not influenced by genetic merit, implying that observed differences in GH concentrations were not due to that trait. Plasma PRL concentrations were not affected by genetic merit or DPP, but were greater (P less than .01) in the second vs first lactation. Neither PRL or GH concentrations were affected by frequency of milking. The results support the contention that increased plasma GH concentrations are associated with selection for increased milk yield.