cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Authors in Dermatologic Surgery

Authors of scientific papers have been evaluated in the past by how frequently the medical literature cites them. In this analysis, we specifically identify those individuals who have contributed to the field of cutaneous surgery through publications in Dermatologic Surgery. We further analyze those publications frequently cited in Dermatologic Surgery, allowing us to determine topics of utmost value and interest. Using a citation database provided by the Institute for Scientific Information, we first identify all publications and citations from 1981 to 1999 for Dermatologic Surgery and the Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology (the previous name for this journal). Of the original articles published during this time frame, 3099 authors published 2167 papers. We quantify the publications from each author, and identify 57 authors with at least 10 original articles. When expanding the database parameters to include original articles, reviews, notes, and proceedings (as defined by the Science Citation Index), we find that the eight authors with the greatest number of publications are the same individuals with the greatest number of original articles. This reflects significant contributions to the field of cutaneous surgery by these authors. This analysis further identifies source papers for authors in Dermatologic Surgery. Publications frequently cited include those papers discussing laser surgery, with Dermatologic Surgery serving as the most frequently cited journal.
Configuration of distributed heterogeneous information systems

Summary form only given. In a paper by H. Gomaa, 1993), a domain modeling approach was described for structuring and configuring families of distributed applications. The problem addressed now is the configuration of evolving distributed heterogenous information systems. The solution to this problem proposed by the author is to create a federation of information systems. Rather than individual information systems having to wrestle with interfacing to each other, all information systems that are interested in cooperating together form a federation, which provides an agreed set of services and addresses the information integration problem in a unified manner. A federation interface manager is a software subsystem that manages each member information system's interface to the federation. The goal is to allow each information system's clients and server(s) to be integrated into the federation with the minimum amount of software modification (ideally none) to support existing services, i.e., in order to provide the same services to federation clients as currently provided to local clients. Additional services will of course need software enhancements. >
Mechanistic–empirical analysis of the results of finite element analysis on flexible pavement with geogrid base reinforcement

A finite-element response model was developed using ABAQUS software package to investigate the effect of geogrid base reinforcement on the response of a flexible pavement structure. Finite-element analyses were then conducted on different unreinforced and geogrid-reinforced flexible pavement sections. In this analysis, the base course (BC) layer was modelled using an elasto-plastic bounding surface model. The results of the finite-element analyses showed that the geogrid reinforcement reduced the lateral strains within the BC and subgrade layers, the vertical strain and shear strain at top of subgrade, and the surface permanent deformation. The higher tensile modulus geogrid resulted in larger reduction of surface permanent deformation. Based on the response parameters computed from the finite element analysis, the improvement of using geogrid for BC reinforcement was then evaluated using the damage models for rutting in the mechanistic–empirical method developed through NCHRP Project 1-37a. The results o...
Characterizing the impact of diffusive and advective soil gas transport on the measurement and interpretation of the isotopic signal of soil respiration

Abstract By measuring the isotopic signature of soil respiration, we seek to learn the isotopic composition of the carbon respired in the soil ( δ 13 C R-s ) so that we may draw inferences about ecosystem processes. Requisite to this goal is the need to understand how δ 13 C R-s is affected by both contributions of multiple carbon sources to respiration and fractionation due to soil gas transport. In this study, we measured potential isotopic sources to determine their contributions to δ 13 C R-s and we performed a series of experiments to investigate the impact of soil gas transport on δ 13 C R-s estimates. The objectives of these experiments were to: i) compare estimates of δ 13 C R-s derived from aboveground and belowground techniques, ii) evaluate the roles of diffusion and advection in a forest soil on the estimates of δ 13 C R-s , and iii) determine the contribution of new and old carbon sources to δ 13 C R-s for a Douglas-fir stand in the Pacific Northwest during our measurement period. We found a maximum difference of −2.36‰ between estimates of δ 13 C R-s based on aboveground vs. belowground measurements; the aboveground estimate was enriched relative to the belowground estimate. Soil gas transport during the experiment was primarily by diffusion and the average belowground estimate of δ 13 C R-s was enriched by 3.8–4.0‰ with respect to the source estimates from steady-state transport models. The affect of natural fluctuations in advective soil gas transport was little to non-existent; however, an advection–diffusion model was more accurate than a model based solely on diffusion in predicting the isotopic samples near the soil surface. Thus, estimates made from belowground gas samples will improve with an increase in samples near the soil surface. We measured a −1‰ difference in δ 13 C R-s as a result of an experiment where advection was induced, a value which may represent an upper limit in fractionation due to advective gas transport in forest ecosystems. We found that aboveground measurements of δ 13 C R-s may be particularly susceptible to atmospheric incursion, which may produce estimates that are enriched in 13 C. The partitioning results attributed 69–98% of soil respiration to a source with a highly depleted isotopic signature similar to that of water-soluble carbon from foliage measured at our site.
Databases for Interval Probabilities

We present a database framework for the efficient storage and manipulation of interval probability distributions and their associated information. While work on interval probabilities and on probabilistic databases has appeared before, ours is the first to combine these into a coherent and mathematically sound framework including both standard relational queries and queries based on probability theory. In particular, our query algebra allows users not only to query existing interval probability distributions, but also to construct new ones by means of conditionalization and marginalization, as well as other more common database operations. c 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Model-assisted 3D face reconstruction from video

This paper describes a model-assisted system for reconstruction of 3D faces from a single consumer quality camera using a structure from motion approach. Typical multi-view stereo approaches use the motion of a sparse set of features to compute camera pose followed by a dense matching step to compute the final object structure. Accurate pose estimation depends upon precise identification and matching of feature points between images, but due to lack of texture on large areas of the face, matching is prone to errors. To deal with outliers in both the sparse and dense matching stages, previous work either relies on a strong prior model for face geometry or imposes restrictions on the camera motion. Strong prior models result in a serious compromise in final reconstruction quality and typically bear a signature resemblance to a generic or mean face. Model-based techniques, while giving the appearance of face detail, in fact carry this detail over from the model prior. Face features such as beards, moles, and other characteristic geometry are lost. Motion restrictions such as allowing only pure rotation are nearly impossible to satisfy by the end user, especially with a handheld camera. We significantly improve the robustness and flexibility of existing monocular face reconstruction techniques by introducing a deformable generic face model only at the pose estimation, face segmentation, and preprocessing stages. To preserve data fidelity in the final reconstruction, this generic model is discarded completely and dense matching outliers are removed using tensor voting: a purely data-driven technique. Results are shown from a complete end to end system.
INTRAVENOUS ASSAY OF PREPARATIONS CAUSING OVARIAN HYPEREMIA IN THE IMMATURE RAT

IN A PREVIOUS communication (Sturgis and Haour, In Press), the results of a one hour intravenous test for pregnancy were reported. The induction of a bright red ovarian hyperemia in the immature rat by 2 cc. of unaltered urine introduced into the jugular vein was obtained in 96 out of 103 normal pregnancies. It was emphasized that besides the rapidity of the test, this method has the further advantage that the technician is assured through direct vision that all of the prepared material to be tested is added to the animal’s circulation. Variations in rate of absorption as encountered with subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections are thus eliminated. This modification of the widely used rat hyperemia response is particularly appropriate to studies of effective doses of various hormone preparations. Standardization of the dose biologically assayed by each animal is achieved, and small groups of animals may be used to establish response to test solutions.
Path Selection for Transition Path Delay Faults

We propose a path selection criterion to improve the coverage of small delay defects. Under this criterion, every line in the circuit is covered by one of the longest testable paths or subpaths that goes through it. Earlier criteria that considered only complete paths (from inputs to outputs) did not use longest testable subpaths, which may be longer than the longest complete testable paths. Earlier criteria that considered subpaths considered only subpaths of longest paths. We apply the proposed criterion to a delay fault model called the transition path delay fault model. This model was introduced to capture both small and large delay defects. We present experimental results to demonstrate that consideration of subpaths improves the circuit coverage relative to the case where only complete paths are allowed.
Tracking Head Yaw by Interpolation of Template Responses

We propose an appearance based machine learning architecture that estimates and tracks in real time large range head yaw given a single non-calibrated monocular grayscale low resolution image sequence of the head. The architecture is composed of five parallel template detectors, a Radial Basis Function Network and two Kalman filters. The template detectors are five view-specific images of the head ranging across full profiles in discrete steps of 45 degrees. The Radial Basis Function Network interpolates the response vector from the normalized correlation of the input image and the 5 template detectors. The first Kalman filter models the position and velocity of the response vector in five dimensional space. The second is a running average that filters the scalar output of the network. We assume the head image has been closely detected and segmented, that it undergoes only limited roll and pitch and that there are no sharp contrasts in illumination. The architecture is person-independent and is robust to changes in appearance, gesture and global illumination. The goals of this paper are, one, to measure the performance of the architecture, two, to asses the impact the temporal information gained from video has on accuracy and stability and three, to determine the effects of relaxing our assumptions.
Laser-Doppler measurements on a round turbulent jet in dilute polymer solutions

A laser-Doppler velocimeter suitable for the measurement of mean and fluctuating flow velocities in water is described. Results of a study using this system in an axisymmetric turbulent jet of water and dilute polymer solutions are given. The laser-Doppler technique is better suited for such measurements than either Pitot tubes or heat-transfer gauges because the Doppler velocity measurements are independent of the physical properties of the fluid. Previous velocity measurements in polymer jets have suffered from the effects of the additives upon the sensors. Turbulent round jets with Reynolds numbers between 5000 and 50000 were studied. For a jet issuing from a convergent nozzle the additives were found to have no effect upon the mean axial velocity or turbulence intensity at any point in the jet. However, for a jet issuing from a long length of circular pipe, the additives reduced the centre-line velocity and increased the turbulence level in the early part of the jet. Thus the principal effect of a polymer additive upon the jet appears to result from its effect upon the initial conditions.
Central nervous system changes associated with noise-induced hearing loss: an electron microscopic and freeze-fracture study of the chick nucleus magnocellularis.

This investigation assessed the effects of noise-induced hearing loss on the avian nucleus magnocellularis, the homologue of the mammalian cochlear nucleus. Fifteen-day-old chicks were exposed to high-intensity broad-band noise (132 dBA) for 24 to 72 hours. Hearing loss was documented with auditory brainstem response recordings and scanning electron microscopy of the basilar papilla. Nucleus magnocellularis was assessed with thin-section electron-microscopy and freeze-fracture techniques. Freeze-fracture preparations of noise-exposed animals showed a decrease in synaptic vesicle fusion sites at the synaptic active zone, a decrease in reuptake of presynaptic membrane by coated vesicles, and a shift of the preferential fracture plane at the synapse from the presynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic membrane. These findings support the hypothesis that the effects of noise are not limited to the auditory periphery, but that transneuronal changes extend into the auditory central nervous system.
The frequency and scale content of biological signals

We discuss the frequency and scale content of biological signals. We argue that generally the frequency is not constant. We develop a model of a harmonic oscillator with non-constant coefficients which produces an arbitrary instantaneous frequency law. >
An Experimental Investigation of Natural Convection From an Isothermal Horizontal Plate

An investigation of natural convection from a heated, upward-facing, square, horizontal plate to a surrounding gas medium is described in this paper. The results of the experimental investigation provide an improved correlation for the natural convection regime by accounting for variable property effects and extend the applicable Rayleigh number (Ra) range of the correlation over previous research. The large Rayleigh number regime is emphasized. The value of the Richardson number (Ri) at which combined convection influences become important is also determined. The ratio of the plate wall temperature T{sub w} to the ambient temperature T{sub {infinity}} is incorporated into the Nusselt number correlation in order to account for variable property influences. A cryogenic heat transfer tunnel, with test section temperatures that are varied between 80 K and 310 K, is used to help deduce the influences of the relevant parameters. The ranges of the dimensionless parameters investigated are 2 {times} 10{sup 8} < Ra < 2 {times} 10{sup 11} and 1 < T{sub w}/T{sub {infinity}} < 3.1.
Utility of Submerged Anodes for Cathodic Protection of Above-Waterline Reinforced Concrete Elements—Part 2: Bulk Magnesium Anodes

Abstract In a previous paper (Part I), the utility of Zn-submerged bulk anodes (ZnSBA) for providing cathodic protection to the above-waterline portion of a marine-reinforced concrete bridge substructure was investigated. It was determined that polarizations greater than 100 mV reached to the top of cast-in place footers (about one meter above mean tide) but decayed sharply in the columns above this. As such, it was concluded that these anodes alone did provide some protection in the splash zone, albeit not as much as when combined with either zinc thermal-spray or zincjackets. In the present investigation, similar field trials were performed using Mg-submerged bulk anodes (MgSBA), which were considered to be potentially more effective in providing protection to the above-waterline zone because of greater driving voltage. Results of these trials indicate that 100 mV depolarization was achieved in some cases to as high as 2.5 m above mean water. In addition, the substructure footer and column with MgSBA wa...
Analysis of splitting mechanisms in the low-lying non-strange negative-parity baryons

Abstract We investigate the mass splitting in the negative parity N ∗ and Δ ∗ spectrum where, experimentally, the spin-orbit force is found to be highly suppressed. A hyperfine interaction between quarks derived from a one-gluon and one-pion exchange model for a spherical chiral bag is used. The interaction is, unlike the usual Fermi-Breit force, fully relativistic and explicitly takes into account confinement effects. We analyze in detail how the force operates in the odd parity N ∗ and Δ ∗ spectrum and find that the suppression of spin-orbit forces, which is mysterious in constituent quark models, can be explained.
Abstract 1371: The roles of cancer worry and attribution in health and cancer information seeking: An analysis of 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS).

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Although cancer population is growing, very few research efforts have been devoted to understanding the impacts of cancer cognitions and emotion on both cancer information and general health information seeking behaviors among people without cancer diagnosis using a nationally representative survey. The present study drew on data from 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey and built two hierarchical logistic regression models to elucidate the differences between information seekers and non-seekers in terms of sociodemographic, cancer cognitions (controllability and locus of causation) and worry. Controllability, a motivational construct for predicting adaptive behaviors, was statistically significantly associated with cancer information seeking (OR=1.38) and general health information seeking (OR=1.67); i.e., the more the respondents thought they can do to prevent cancer, the more likely they sought information. Cancer worry, a general and normative worry about developing cancer, is statistically significantly associated with cancer information seeking (OR=0.68); i.e., the more frequent the respondents worry about getting cancer, the more likely they sought cancer information. Locus of causation, measuring whether people make internal or external attribution, was not statistically significantly associated with cancer information seeking; but people who attribute causes of cancer to their own behavior or lifestyle are more likely to seek information. Cancer information seekers are more likely to be older (OR=0.99), female (OR=0.63), Non-Hispanic White (OR=1.48), married (OR=1.06), more highly educated (OR=0.76), and with family cancer history (OR=2.16). Results for general health information seeking were presented in the following table. Results of this study are generalizable for considering how to raise public awareness of cancer prevention and allocate health educational resources. View this table: Table 1. Hierarchal Logistic Regression Models of Health Information Seeking Citation Format: Xiaofei He. The roles of cancer worry and attribution in health and cancer information seeking: An analysis of 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1371. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1371
Culture-independent discovery of natural products from soil metagenomes.

Bacterial natural products have proven to be invaluable starting points in the development of many currently used therapeutic agents. Unfortunately, traditional culture-based methods for natural product discovery have been deemphasized by pharmaceutical companies due in large part to high rediscovery rates. Culture-independent, or “metagenomic,” methods, which rely on the heterologous expression of DNA extracted directly from environmental samples (eDNA), have the potential to provide access to metabolites encoded by a large fraction of the earth’s microbial biosynthetic diversity. As soil is both ubiquitous and rich in bacterial diversity, it is an appealing starting point for culture-independent natural product discovery efforts. This review provides an overview of the history of soil metagenome-driven natural product discovery studies and elaborates on the recent development of new tools for sequence-based, high-throughput profiling of environmental samples used in discovering novel natural product biosynthetic gene clusters. We conclude with several examples of these new tools being employed to facilitate the recovery of novel secondary metabolite encoding gene clusters from soil metagenomes and the subsequent heterologous expression of these clusters to produce bioactive small molecules.
GIFTS AND GAMES IN FRANK MARTINUS ARION'S DUBBELSPEL

Frank Martinus Arion's Dubbelspel , a brilliant exploration of Curacaoan society in the wake of the riots of May 30, 1 9692 opens with three epigraphs, two of which help to establish the decidedly ironic tone of the novel. The first epigraph is from an essay by Bertrand Russell, in which Russell speaks of how Tsar Nicholas M's indifference to politics was matched only by his passion for dominoes. Apparently, on the very eve of the 1917 Revolution the Tsar wrote a letter to his wife mentioning how much he was looking forward to taking up dominoes again in his spare time. This can be read either as a testimony to the Tsar's frivolity and short-sightedness, or as a token of the seductive power of the game of dominoes. In the novel's third epigraph, Arion offers another example of how a passion for dominoes can disrupt one's usual sense of what's important and what's not. Arion cites a report claiming that the Dutch managed in 1625 to take the fortress of El Morro in San Juan, Puerto Rico only because the fort's Spanish defenders were busy playing dominoes. Irkthis case, the game constitutes a distraction from events in the real world, but it also helps shape the outcome of these
Effectiveness, Justice and Ethics

To be effective in the long-run, enterprises must be viewed as just and ethical by their constituencies. Otherwise, cooperation among constituencies will suffer, with adverse effects on managerial effectiveness. The Rawlsian concept of distributive justice is applied in discussing fair distributions among constituencies of the gains of enhanced effectiveness Ethical issues concerning product quality and job security are addressed. Among those are the ethics of setting quality as an end-objective or an intermediate goal, and trade-offs among cost and quality, particularly in cases where qualities of products are unobservable by customers. Distinctions between responsiveness to customer needs and customer manipulation are also discussed. Explicit incorporation of criteria of ethics and justice into the set of the end-objectives of entities is recommended.
The Way of Lao-Tzu

The texts of Taoism, specifically The Tao Te Ching of Lao-Tzu, are instructive here on the event of Learning as occurring in the Leap into the mystery of Being, which appears to us as the openness of an abyss, a primeval chaos. Becoming teachable, we have said, is to be re-posed in the repose, the dignified calm of letting-be. With Learning we Leap into the emptiness, and we become open to the circulation of Being, the movement of presencing.
Clade-specific positive selection on a developmental gene: BRANCHLESS TRICHOME and the evolution of stellate trichomes in Physaria (Brassicaceae).

Abstract Positive selection is known to drive the evolution of genes involved in evolutionary arms races, but what role does it play in the evolution of genes involved in developmental processes? We used the single-celled epidermal trichomes of Brassicaceae as a model to uncover the molecular evolutionary processes that contributed to the transition from dendritic trichomes, as seen in most species of Brassicaceae, to the distinctive stellate trichomes of the genus Physaria. We explored the role of positive selection on the evolution of BRANCHLESS TRICHOME (BLT), a candidate gene for changes in trichome branching pattern. Maximum likelihood models of codon evolution point to a shift in selective pressure affecting the evolution of BLT across the entire Physaria clade, and we found strong evidence that positive selection has acted on a subset of Physaria BLT codons. Almost all of the 10 codon sites with the highest probability of having evolved under positive selection are clustered in a predicted coiled-coil domain, pointing to changes in protein–protein interactions. Thus, our findings suggest that selection acted on BLT to modify its interactions with other proteins. The fact that positive selection occurred throughout the radiation of Physaria could reflect selection to stabilize development in response to an abrupt switch from the dendritic form to the stellate form, divergent selection for diversification of the stellate form, or both. These results point to the need for evolutionary developmental studies of BLT and its interacting proteins in Physaria.
Further observations on the attachment of carbohydrate to lipoproteins by rat liver Golgi membranes.

SummaryAfter in vitro incubation of rat liver Golgi membranes with 14C-CMP-sialic acid, the membranes were extracted by treatment with 2 × 10–4M Tris, pH 8.6, and lipoproteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation. The distribution of labeled lipoprotein was found to be 42% in VLDL, 14% in LDL, and 44% in HDL after sequential isolation of each density fraction. The addition of unlabeled whole rat serum to the extracted Golgi resulted in a decrease in label recovered in VLDL which was attributed to exchange of sialopeptides between VLDL and HDL. However, the addition of serum doubled the amount of recovered labeled lipoprotein and the extra label was associated with HDL. The labeled peptides were similar to those normally found in HDL as judged by DEAE-cellulose chromatography of the apo-HDL peptides. These results suggest the presence of a precursor pool of apolipoproteins within Golgi vesicles.
Circulating Biomarkers of Dairy Fat and Risk of Incident Diabetes Mellitus Among Men and Women in the United States in Two Large Prospective Cohorts.

Background—In prospective studies, the relationship of self-reported consumption of dairy foods with risk of diabetes mellitus is inconsistent. Few studies have assessed dairy fat, using circulating biomarkers, and incident diabetes mellitus. We tested the hypothesis that circulating fatty acid biomarkers of dairy fat, 15:0, 17:0, and t-16:1n-7, are associated with lower incident diabetes mellitus. Methods and Results—Among 3333 adults aged 30 to 75 years and free of prevalent diabetes mellitus at baseline, total plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids were measured in blood collected in 1989 to 1990 (Nurses’ Health Study) and 1993 to 1994 (Health Professionals Follow-Up Study). Incident diabetes mellitus through 2010 was confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire based on symptoms, diagnostic tests, and medications. Risk was assessed by using Cox proportional hazards, with cohort findings combined by meta-analysis. During mean±standard deviation follow-up of 15.2±5.6 years, 277 new cases of diabetes...
Growing Skull Fractures: Clinical analysis of 16 cases

Objectives To discuss the pathogenesis,clinical characteristics and the therapeutic strategies of growing skull fractures.Methods 16 cases of growing skull fractures were retrospectively studied.All patients underwent operations.Total resection of leptomeningeal cyst herniation and watertight repair of the dura were achieved in 15 patients.One patient underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation.The pathogenesis,clinical and radiological features of these patients were reviewed.Results All the procedures were successfully performed.The dural defect extended beyond the bony defect.The bone window was removed to expose the dural margins for a satisfactory dural repair.Cranioplasty was performed during the operations using steel plates or autologous bone several months after the operation.There was no recurrence during the follow-up.Six patients developed subcutaneous effusions.Three of four patients presenting with seizure were seizures-free after the operation.Conclusions A dural tear is crucial for the development of growing skull fractures.The key procedure is a watertight repair of the dura.
Temptation Minus Self-Efficacy in Alcohol Relapse: A Project MATCH Follow-Up.

Objective:Relapse is a crucial event that occurs for many individuals during recovery from alcohol use disorder. This article examines the impact of temptation to drink and self-efficacy to abstain on two distinct aspects of relapse. Causal chain analyses from project MATCH, a multisite alcoholism treatment trial, provided initial support for the difference between temptation and self-efficacy as a predictor of alcohol use outcomes. In the current study, the Temptation minus Self-Efficacy (T-S) score from the Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale (AASE) is investigated as a predictor of two alcohol use outcomes that were not analyzed in previous project MATCH reports.Method:This study evaluated the ability of end-of-treatment T-S (calculated as Temptation minus Self-Efficacy scores on AASE) to predict time to first drink and number of drinks on first drinking day. Data were analyzed on 627 participants from project MATCH who relapsed after completing treatment and achieving a period of abstinence.Results...
Roentgen evaluation of cardiomegaly in the newborn period and early infancy.

The discovery of cardiomegaly in the roentgen examination of a newborn infant with respiratory distress requires close correlation of clinical and radiographic findings. Major clinical factors helpful to the radiologist are the presence or absence of cyanosis, the type and intensity of heart murmurs, and the electrocardiographic findings. This approach is reflected in the author’s discussion of the many possible cardiovascular anomalies which may be seen in the infant.
A Three-Party Model of World Conflict

The American involvement in Viet Nam was the product of its bilateral view of world conflict — the alliance of the nations of the capitalist, democratic West versus the monolithic, communist East. The terrible lesson of that war, the basis for the American defeat, was also the harbinger of the end to the bi-polar cold war: the force of independent nationalism could dominate every other consideration. That force, which united its opponents in Viet Nam, also divided them. The most important of those schisms was the conflict between the USSR and China. The question became: How might the three nations interact?
The carbon accountant.

By piecing together the annual production of every major fossil fuel company since the Industrial Revolution, geographer Richard Heede has shown that nearly two-thirds of the major industrial greenhouse gas emissions have originated in just 90 companies around the world, which either emitted the carbon themselves or supplied carbon ultimately released by consumers and industry. The study provoked controversy when it was first published, with some complaining that it unfairly held the fossil fuel industry responsible for the lifestyle choices made by billions of consumers. Others, however, saw it as a turning point in the debate about apportioning responsibility for climate change. Now, Heede9s carbon accounting is opening a new chapter in climate change litigation and policy, helping equip plaintiffs who believe they have suffered damages from climate change to claim compensation.
Cholesterol efflux: mechanism and regulation.

The removal of cholesterol from peripheral cells by HDL is the first step in what has become known as reverse cholesterol transport. This process involves the efflux of free cholesterol from the membrane of cells and the transport of the cholesterol to the liver1. This report will present data obtained from our studies on cholesterol efflux and then, briefly, discuss some related data on the mechanism of cholesterol uptake by the liver.
Cytologic studies of the fallopian tube in patients undergoing salpingo-oophorectomy.

Mounting evidence suggests the fallopian tube as the origin for ovarian high grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). We attempted to identify the tubal cytological features that allow us to distinguish malignant from benign conditions. Tubal specimens (n = 56) were collected from patients who underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) due to various clinical indications. A standard procedure to collect fallopian tube brushings from freshly received surgical specimens was developed. Cytological diagnoses were classified into three categories: benign, atypical, and suspicious for malignancy/malignant. Cytological variables of individual cells and epithelia were subjected to statistical analysis. The fallopian tube histology was used as diagnostic reference for confirmation of cytology diagnosis. Among the 56 fallopian tube specimens, 2 (3.7 %) showed inadequate cellularity preventing further evaluation, 11 (20.4 %) were diagnosed as malignant or suspicious of malignancy, 7 were atypical, and 36 were benign. The presence of three dimensional clusters (p < 0.0001, Fisher’s Exact Test), or prominent nucleoli (p = 0.0252, Fisher Exact test) was highly correlated with the diagnosis of malignancy. The suspicious malignant/malignant cytological diagnosis was also highly correlated with presence of HGSC with or without serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC). Tubal cytology may be useful for ovarian cancer screening and early detection.
Predicting Post-Transplant Recurrence of IgA Nephropathy: The Importance of Crescents

Background: Most studies that have assessed the predictors of recurrent IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in the renal allograft have focused on post-transplant features. Id
Controlled synthesis of MnO2 nanosheets vertically covered FeCo2O4 nanoflakes as a binder-free electrode for a high-power and durable asymmetric supercapacitor.

We developed a simple and controlled method to synthesize FeCo2O4@MnO2 core–sheath nanoarchitecture (CSN) grown on Ni foam. Ultrathin FeCo2O4 nanoflakes with an average thickness of 10 nm served as the scaffold to deposit the MnO2 nanosheets. The MnO2 nanosheets were able to vertically grow on FeCo2O4 nanoflakes to form a sheath via a hydrothermal reaction. The nanocomposites' thickness could be tailored from 80 nm–550 nm by changing the reaction times. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that FeCo2O4@MnO2 CSN with an optimal thickness of about 400 nm achieved an areal capacitance of 3.077 F cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2, which is much higher than individual FeCo2O4 nanoflakes (0.295 F cm−2) and MnO2 nanosheets (1.065 F cm−2). An aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was assembled using FeCo2O4@MnO2 CSN as its positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as its negative electrode. The FeCo2O4@MnO2⫽AC ASC exhibited a capacitance of 0.538 F cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2 with a potential window of 1.65 V, and an excellent cycling stability (99.1% retention even after 5000 cycles). Furthermore, the maximum energy density and power density of FeCo2O4@MnO2⫽AC ASC was 0.203 mWh cm−2 at 3.44 mW cm−2 and 28.6 mW cm−2 at 0.061 mWh cm−2, respectively.
Graphene-based ion-sensitive field effect transistor

Graphene has drawn a huge research interest in chemical and biological sensor applications, since its first discovery in 2004, primarily due to its high surface to volume ratio, high carrier mobility and unsaturated sp2 bonds at the surface. Although many different graphene-based chemical sensors have been reported, its application in biological sensors is quite limited so far. Nonetheless, graphene-based field effect transistors (FETs) offer an excellent platform to develop biological sensors capable of performing detection of bio-analytes in liquid media, including sensing various types of ions with applications in drug discovery and cell efflux research. Particularly potassium ion sensing is important for prediction of the onset of heart attack and epilepsy. In this work, we propose a graphene-based top-gated field effect transistor on two different substrates, with an ion-selective membrane coating on the graphene, to realize a highly sensitive and selective K+ ion sensor.
Lawyers and the Legal Profession in Thailand

This article describes the origin and development of the modern Thai legal profession. Intimately linked in origin to the development of the modern Thai state, the legal profession increasingly resembles the profession in economically developed democracies. Paralleling other regional developments, Thailand’s rapid economic development, constitutional reforms, and expanding judicialization drives many of the most important changes in the education and function of lawyers. Significant differences continue to exist between the profession in Thailand and legal professions in developed democracies, reflecting the profession’s origins and the continuing influence of culture and class structure as well as Thailand’s peculiarly semi-democratic and monarchical state.
Obesity, Weight Loss, and Progression of Disability in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

OBJECTIVE Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that obese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often report greater disability. The longitudinal effects of obesity, however, are not well-characterized. We evaluated associations between obesity, weight loss, and worsening of disability in patients of 2 large registry studies, which included patients who were followed for longer periods of time. METHODS This study included patients with RA from the National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases (FORWARD) (n = 23,323) and the Veterans Affairs RA (VARA) registry study (n = 1,697). Results of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) or Multidimensional HAQ (MD-HAQ) were recorded through follow-up. Significant worsening of disability was defined as an increase of >0.2 in HAQ or MD-HAQ scores. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the risk of worsening of disability from baseline and to adjust for demographics, baseline disability, comorbidity, disease duration, and other disease features. RESULTS At enrollment, disability scores were higher among severely obese patients compared to those who were overweight both in FORWARD (β = 0.17 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.14, 0.20]; P < 0.001) and in the VARA registry (β = 0.17 [95% CI 0.074, 0.27]; P = 0.001). In multivariable models, patients who were severely obese at enrollment had a greater risk of progressive disability compared to overweight patients in FORWARD (HR 1.25 [95% CI 1.18, 1.33] P < 0.001) and in the VARA registry (HR 1.33 [95% CI 1.07, 1.66]; P = 0.01). Weight loss following enrollment was also associated with a greater risk in both cohorts. In the VARA registry, associations were independent of other clinical factors, including time-varying C-reactive protein and swollen joint count. CONCLUSION Severe obesity is associated with a more rapid progression of disability in RA. Weight loss is also associated with worsening disability, possibly due to it being an indication of chronic illness and the development of age-related or disease-related frailty.
The Mechanism FA-Dependent H+ Transport by UCP1.

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is an integral protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that is expressed specifically in brown and beige fat depots. UCP1 is responsible for the production of heat to control core body temperature, the regulation of fat metabolism, and the energy balance. As an uncoupling protein, UCP1 transports H+ across the IMM in presence of long-chain fatty acids (FA), which makes brown fat mitochondria produce heat at the expense of ATP. However, the exact mechanism of UCP1 action has remained difficult to elucidate, because direct methods for studying currents generated by UCP1 were unavailable. Recently, the patch-clamp technique was successfully applied to brown and beige fat mitochondria to directly study H+ currents across the IMM and characterize UCP1 function. A new model of the UCP1 mechanism was proposed based on the patch-clamp analysis. In this model, both FA anions (FA−) and H+ are transport substrates of UCP1, and UCP1 operates as a non-canonical FA−/H+ symporter. Here, we summarize recent findings obtained with the patch-clamp technique that describe how UCP1 can transport not only H+ but also FA−.
Anytime Nonparametric A

Anytime variants of Dijkstra's and A* shortest path algorithms quickly produce a suboptimal solution and then improve it over time. For example, ARA* introduces a weighting value "epsilon" to rapidly find an initial suboptimal path and then reduces "epsilon" to improve path quality over time. In ARA*, "epsilon" is based on a linear trajectory with ad-hoc parameters chosen by each user. We propose a new Anytime A* algorithm, Anytime Nonparametric A* (ANA*), that does not require ad-hoc parameters, and adaptively reduces varepsilon to expand the most promising node per iteration, adapting the greediness of the search as path quality improves. We prove that each node expanded by ANA* provides an upper bound on the suboptimality of the current-best solution. We evaluate the performance of ANA* with experiments in the domains of robot motion planning, gridworld planning, and multiple sequence alignment. The results suggest that ANA* is as efficient as ARA* and in most cases: (1) ANA* finds an initial solution faster, (2) ANA* spends less time between solution improvements, (3) ANA* decreases the suboptimality bound of the current-best solution more gradually, and (4) ANA* finds the optimal solution faster. ANA* is freely available from Maxim Likhachev's Search-based Planning Library (SBPL).
Chemotaxis of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophilic Leukocytes by Mannan-Enriched Preparations of Candida Albicans

Chemotaxis is the directional migration of cells in response to a chemical stimulus. This phenomenon appears to be responsible for the accumulation of leukocytes during inflammation. Although there are many reports in the literature regarding chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMN) using bacteria in vitro (3), little is known about it when stimulation is produced by Candida albicans. This microorganism is responsible for more opportunistic infections than any other fungal species (5). Yet, the clinical diagnosis and the laboratory confirmation of systemic can-didiasis are often difficult to establish because of the lack of pathognomonic signs before death as well as the lack of specificity of results obtained in the laboratory.
Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells

Astrocytes being the most abundant cell types in the mammalian brain are intimately associated with a plethora of functions that are vital to central nervous system (CNS) physiology, including the development and maintenance of the vasculature scaffold and blood brain barrier, synaptogenesis, neurotransmission, and preservation of metabolic homeostasis. Astrocytes also play important roles in supporting the development and maintenance of central nervous system myelin. Accordingly, astrocytes have been directly associated with several neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, inflammatory demyelinating diseases, HIV-associated dementia (HAD), acute traumatic brain injury, and prion-associated spongiform encephalopathies. Other non-neuronal cell types such as, oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are known to play an important role in the homeostasis of the nervous system. These cells wrap their plasma membranes around axons to organize myelinated nerve, thereby allowing rapid saltatory conduction. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells produce different type of protein, lipid and growth factors that promote neuronal survival, axonal growth and process formation.
Complete Genome Sequence of Sinorhizobium Phage ΦM6, the First Terrestrial Phage of a Marine Phage Group.

ABSTRACT Sinorhizobium phage ΦM6 infects the nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. ΦM6 most closely resembles marine phages, such as Puniceispirillum phage HMO-2011, rather than previously sequenced rhizobial phages. The 68,176-bp genome is predicted to encode 121 open reading frames, only 10 of which have similarity to those of otherwise-unrelated Sinorhizobium phages.
Campus Sexual Assault: Forging an Action-Focused Research Agenda:

In recent years, the problem of campus-based sexual assault has emerged as a prominent matter of concern for institutions of higher education. Amid expanded media attention and a shifting policy la...
Can Consumer Co-Creation Lower the Liability of Foreignness

Abstract: Customers have been recently acknowledged as an underutilized resource as firms seek to create competitive advantage (Prahalad & Ramaswamy 2004). In international business, the liability ...
On-the-job and off-the-job embeddedness differentially influence relationships between informal job search and turnover

Whereas informal job search (i.e., using personal contacts for job search) is positively associated with the receipt of job offers, research has yet to consider the extent to which informal job search translates into current employees' turnover decisions or to investigate factors that may restrain (or facilitate) the translation of informal job search into turnover decisions. In this study, we propose that on-the-job and off-the-job embeddedness play distinct roles in strengthening or weakening the positive relationship between informal job search and turnover intentions and behavior. We assert that on-the-job embeddedness reduces the likelihood that informal job search translates into turnover decisions, whereas off-the-job embeddedness strengthens the positive association between informal job search and turnover decisions. We tested these hypotheses across two samples of employed nurses. Although results were mixed, we found evidence that on-the-job embeddedness dampened the positive relationships of informal job search with turnover intentions and behaviors, whereas off-the-job embeddedness facilitated the positive relationships between informal job search and turnover decisions. Taken together, findings suggest that on-the-job and off-the-job embeddedness influence informal job search processes differently. We discuss the implications of these findings for how organizations manage employees' informal job search activities as well as how researchers approach the study of job embeddedness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).