cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of a social-interactional model of depression with mildly depressed males and females

Recent research has explored social-interactional factors in the etiology and maintenance of depression. The current investigation further explored the social-interactional model using face-to-face interactions between depressed and nondepressed individuals, as well as the applicability of this model to observed differences in male and female depression. Forty depressed and 40 nondepressed subjects interacted with same or opposite-sex partners. The 20-minute interactions were videotaped and scored with a behavioral coding system. Subjects completed questionnaires concerning perceptions of their partners and the interaction. Results indicated that depressed and non-depressed subjects behaved similarly during the interactions. However, depression was associated with a number of socially unskilled behaviors. Depression in males was related to additional skills deficits not observed for females. While male and female self-report of depression did not differ, males consistently reported greater negative affect. Partner impressions differed based upon sex of partner, and not his or her level of depression. The robustness of the social-interactional model and methodological considerations for future research with this model are discussed.
For which compounds do we search in extraterrestrial samples for evidence of abiotic and/or biotic chemistry?

Any strategy for investigating whether abiotic and/or biotic organic molecules are present on planetary bodies in the solar system should focus on compounds which are readily synthesized under plausible prebiotic conditions, play an essential role in biochemistry as we know it and have properties such as chirality (handedness) which can be used to distinguish between abiotic vs. biotic origins. Amino acids are one of the few compound classes that fulfill all these requirements. They are synthesized in high yields in prebiotic simulation experiments, are one of the more abundant types of organic compounds present in carbonaceous meteorites and only the L-enantiomers are used in the proteins and enzymes in life on Earth. In contrast, polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons which have recently been detected in some Martian meteorites, have no role in biochemistry on Earth, and their molecular architecture, with the possible exception of the stable isotope composition, cannot be used to determine whether they were produced by biotic or abiotic processes. Recent results indicate that amino acids and their amine decomposition products can be directly isolated from samples using sublimation (450 degree(s) to 750 degree(s)C) under partial vacuum, thus eliminating the use of the aqueous reagents commonly used in the laboratory-based isolation of amino acids. A relatively new technology which shows promise for spacecraft-based amino acid analysis is microchip-based capillary electrophoresis. The actual separation hardware, including buffer reservoirs and derivatization reaction chambers, can be etched onto glass microchips with dimensions on the order of cm. This methodology offers the best potential for a compact, rugged, low-mass instrument package for in situ amino acid analyses during future space missions to Mars, Europa and comets.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Rabies postexposure prophylaxis. Human and domestic animal considerations.

The emphasis on rabies control and prevention in the United States seems to be a function of our perception of proximity of the threat. Wildlife rabies epizootics within a state may be of little concern to the uninformed urban dweller. Additionally, many parts of the western United States are free of terrestrial rabies; were it not for the presence of bat rabies, people in those areas would likely interpret rabies control as a minor public health concern. It is essential that federal, state, and local public health programs emphasize the importance of rabies control through activities that include rabies education, sponsorship of legislated requirements for domestic animal vaccination, support for local animal control programs, and the promotion of recommendations that encourage the appropriate use of postexposure prophylaxis. We are almost guaranteed that rabies is going to remain a major public health issue well into the next century because of expanding wildlife rabies epizootics, identification of new rabies viral variants with increased public health concern, emotional and legal concerns associated with rabies exposure, and increasing national cost associated with rabies control and prevention. Nevertheless, the development of new laboratory technology that allows an understanding of the epidemiologic nature of the rabies virus based on an evolving genetic history and the interrelationship with wildlife reservoirs should allow access to valuable tools for rabies control. When combined with programs using new developments in oral rabies vaccine that can immunize whole populations of wildlife reservoirs, that technology offers encouragement in our effort to control one of the diseases of antiquity.
Operational calibration processing in NESDIS

Abstract This paper describes the in-orbit radiometric calibration of instruments that sense conditions of the Earth's atmosphere and surface from NOAA's polar and geostationary satellites. Infrared and microwave channels are calibrated from data taken when the instruments view space and an on-board warm calibration target. The data from those two views are used in ground processing to determine a linear calibration equation. Modifications are made to this basic calibration algorithm to account for certain complicating factors, such as a non-linear calibration relationship or the presence of rapid variations in the emission from internal components of the instruments. Visible and near-infrared channels are not calibrated in orbit, in part because these channels were originally designed to produce images, not quantitative data.
The relationship between smooth pursuit eye movements and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia

Abstract Objective: To examine the relationship between smooth pursuit eye movements and tardive dyskinesia (TD) in schizophrenia. Methods: Forty schizophrenic patients with TD and 25 non-TD patients had smooth pursuit eye movements tested with infrared oculography. In addition to the diagnosis of TD (present or absent), each patient had ratings of severity of TD. Results: There was no significant or strong association between TD and poor smooth pursuit eye movements. Conclusion: The results stand in contrast to those of several previous studies, which were based on limited methodology. However, this study was not able to exclude definitively the possibility that TD is associated with poor smooth pursuit, perhaps with a small to moderate effect. Furthermore, these conclusions are limited to simple eye tracking protocols in which distractions are minimized. The question of whether or not TD is associated with poor smooth pursuit in schizophrenia needs to be resurrected.
Design and utilization of a Flight Test Engineering Database Management System at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Facility

A Flight Test Engineering Database Management System (FTE DBMS) was designed and implemented at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Facility. The X-29 Forward Swept Wing Advanced Technology Demonstrator flight research program was chosen for the initial system development and implementation. The FTE DBMS greatly assisted in planning and 'mass production' card preparation for an accelerated X-29 research program. Improved Test Plan tracking and maneuver management for a high flight-rate program were proven, and flight rates of up to three flights per day, two times per week were maintained.
SIMAGE: Secure and Link-Quality Cognizant Image Distribution for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used in a range of critical domains (e.g., health care, military, critical infrastructure) where it is necessary that the nodes be reprogrammed with a new or modified code image without removing them from the deployment area. Various protocols have been developed for the dissemination of code images between sensors in multi-hop WSNs, where these sensor nodes may have varying levels of link quality. However, the code dissemination process in these protocols is hindered by the nodes with poor link quality. This results in an increased number of retransmissions and code dissemination time. Also, in several of the techniques, the code dissemination process is not secure and can be eavesdropped or disrupted by a malicious wireless sensor node in the transmission range. In this paper, we propose a simple approach, Secure and Link-Quality Cognizant Image Distribution (SIMAGE), to enhance the existing code dissemination protocol using the available resources in the sensors. Specifically, our approach adapts to the varying link conditions via dynamic packet sizing to reduce the number of retransmissions and overall code dissemination time. Our approach also provides confidentiality and integrity to the code dissemination process by utilizing energy-efficient encryption and authentication mechanisms with RC4 and the CBC-MAC. We have evaluated SIMAGE in a network of real sensors and the results show that adjusting the packet size as a function of link quality reduces the retransmitted data by 93% and the image transmission time by 35% when compared to the existing code dissemination protocols. The trade-offs between reliability, security overhead, and overall transmission time for SIMAGE are also discussed.
An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore : from the foundation of the settlement under the honourable the East India Company on February 6th, 1819 to the transfer to the Colonial Office as part of the colonial possessions of the Crown on April 1st, 1867

From the foundation of the settlement under the Honourable East India Company on February 6th, 1819 to the transfer to the Colonial Office as part of the colonial possessions of the Crown on April 1st, 1867. With an introduction by C. M. Turnbull.
Pathologic Features of Occult Prostatic Carcinoma in Hypogonadal Men

Objectives: Androgen therapy in hypogonadal men with low free testosterone levels (< 1.5 ng/dl) is potentially dangerous because exogenous androgen may stimulate occult prostatic adenocarcinoma (PA). Our previous study reported occult PA (14% incidence) in hypogonadal men with normal prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and normal findings on digital rectal examination (DRE). The purpose of the current study was to examine the extent and nature of PA in prostatectomy specimens of hypogonadal patients. Materials and Methods: PA in these14 patients (the hypogonadal group) was compared to a control group of patients (n = 14). The two groups of patients were matched with similar mean ages, Gleason scores, and percentage of core involvement by PA. Subsequently, PA in prostatectomy specimens was analyzed in the two groups with additional comparison of immunohistochemical sections for androgen receptors, PSA, and prostatic acid phosphatase. Results: As expected, patients in the hypogonadal group had significantly lower levels of PSA and free testosterone than those in the control group (PSA 2.32 ± 0.60 ng/ml versus 8.06 ± 1.17 ng/ml, respectively; free testosterone 1.17 ± 0.09 ng/dl versus 1.74 ± 0.20 ng/dl, respectively). Prostatectomy specimens in hypogonadal patients (n = 9) showed a less extensive PA (0% positive margins, 11% perineural invasion, 78% unilateral tumor, and 22% bilateral tumor) compared to control prostatectomy specimens (n = 14) (21% positive margins, 42% perineural invasion, 21% unilateral tumor, and 58% bilateral tumor). However, immunohistochemical studies using anti-androgen receptor, anti-PSA and anti-prostatic acid phosphatase antibodies showed that carcinoma cells stained with equivalent intensity in both groups. Conclusions: PA in hypogonadal patients who had normal DREs and PSA levels appears to be less extensive but otherwise is not morphologically different than usual and should be treated in the same manner. The high incidence of occult PA in these hypogonadal patients makes screening prostate biopsies important before the androgen replacement therapy.
Successful EUS-guided FNA through a colonic stent array for diagnosis of an extraluminal pelvic malignancy causing colonic obstruction

To date, data on the management of CBDS in pregnancy are scarce. Sharma and Maharshi4 described a twostep procedure with biliary sphincterotomy and stenting without fluoroscopy or US assistance as a first step and definitive ERCP with stone extraction after delivery. In another series, the appearance of yellow fluid (bile) in the catheter was considered to demonstrate correct cannulation of the bile duct.5 In our approach, EUS was used to ubstantiate the indication for ERCP. Contrast-enhanced S proved to be an excellent alternative to fluoroscopy for he guidance of biliary cannulation. In countries like the Figure 3. Position of the guide wire within the common bile duct confirmed by transabdominal US before papillotomy.
Dialetheism, semantic pathology, and the open pair

Over the past 25 years, Graham Priest has ably presented and defended dialetheism, the view that certain sentences are properly characterized as true with true negations. Our goal here is neither to quibble with the tenability of true, assertable contradictions nor, really, with the arguments for dialetheism. Rather, we wish to address the dialetheist's treatment of cases of semantic pathology and to pose a worry for dialetheism that has not been adequately considered. The problem that we present seems to have broader bite, afflicting both consistent and inconsistent proposals for resolving semantic pathology. Thus, while our primary goal is to uncover some important connections between dialetheism, semantic pathology, and other, more general issues, the problem that we pose might be a worry for anyone who aims to resolve semantic pathology—consistently or not.
DRDF studies of glassy and partially crystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Abstract Wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) of glassy PET and two samples annealed at 190°C for 15 and 30 min were analyzed by differential radial distribution function (DRDF) methods. The corrected intensity profile of the glassy sample show three peaks at 4.19, 2.13, and 1.19 A. The sample annealed for 15 min shows splitting of the 4.19 A peak into three peaks at 3.50 (d100), 3.96 (d110), and 5.21 (mainly d010 and unresolved d011-and d-111) A. Longer annealing for 30 min produces two more peaks at 4.11 (d-111) and 5.40 (d011) A. Annealing does not affect the peaks at 1.19 and 2.13 A (which are caused by first and second nearest atoms in the chain). The DRDFs of all three samples are similar in some respects as all show intrachain peaks at ∼ 1.45, 2.45, and 4.05 A. From theoretical calculations of the intrachain distances and their contributions to the DRDF, the peak at the 4.90 A in the glassy sample was found to be mainly due to intermolecular distances. Since the peaks above 4.9 A are relatively weak,...
Vegetative anatomy and systematics of Triphorinae (Orchidaceae)

Triphorinae represents a group of three anatomically simple genera, the structural features of which are unspecialized. The anomocytic stomatal pattern occurs in all genera; it predominates in Triphora. A foliar hypodermis, sclerenchyma, fibre bundles and stegmata are absent. The mesophyll is homogeneous. The exodermal and endodermal cells in the roots are entirely thin-walled and tilosomes are absent. However, there are anatomical modifications that appear to be unique: root hairs in Monophyllorchis are borne on velamenal buttresses and, in Psilochilus, they arise endogenously. In the root vascular system of Psilochilus, the metaxylem occurs as a circumferential band. The surfaces of stems in Triphora are tuberculate. Mycorrhizae appear to characterize the root cortices of all genera. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 203–210.
Children absorb tris-BP flame retardant from sleepwear: urine contains the mutagenic metabolite, 2,3-dibromopropanol

The flame retardant, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (tris-BP), which is a mutagen and causes cancer and sterility in animals is absorbed from fabric by people. 2,3-Dibromopropanol, a metboloite of tris-BP and a mutagen itself, has been found in the urine samples of ten children who were wearing or who had worn tris-BP-treated sleepwear. Eight of these children were wearing well-washed sleepwear and the possibility of absorption of tris-BP from well-washed sleepwear discussed. 2,3-Dibromopropanol was not found in the urines of one child and one adult who had never worn tris-BP-treated garments.
Geomorphic characterization of the U.S. Atlantic continental margin

Abstract The increasing volume of multibeam bathymetry data collected along continental margins is providing new opportunities to study the feedbacks between sedimentary and oceanographic processes and seafloor morphology. Attempts to develop simple guidelines that describe the relationships between form and process often overlook the importance of inherited physiography in slope depositional systems. Here, we use multibeam bathymetry data and seismic reflection profiles spanning the U.S. Atlantic outer continental shelf, slope and rise from Cape Hatteras to New England to quantify the broad-scale, across-margin morphological variation. Morphometric analyses suggest the margin can be divided into four basic categories that roughly align with Quaternary sedimentary provinces. Within each category, Quaternary sedimentary processes exerted heavy modification of submarine canyons, landslide complexes and the broad-scale morphology of the continental rise, but they appear to have preserved much of the pre-Quaternary, across-margin shape of the continental slope. Without detailed constraints on the substrate structure, first-order morphological categorization the U.S. Atlantic margin does not provide a reliable framework for predicting relationships between form and process.
A REVIEW OF COCAINE ABUSE: BEHAVIOR, PHARMACOLOGY, AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, EDITED BY S. T. HIGGINS AND J. L. KATZ

This book comprises 17 chapters that deal with a variety of topics related to cocaine and its abuse. Several of the chapters are excellent, and the book in its totality contains a wealth of information. These are major strengths. On the down side, some important topics are ignored, the relevance of several chapters to cocaine abuse is not apparent, and the various chapters are not well integrated. We recommend Cocaine Abuse as a reference volume for scientists with specific training in the areas that it covers. But we do not recommend it for cover-to-cover reading as an overview of cocaine abuse.
Microbial potential for the anaerobic degradation of simple aromatic compounds in sediments of the Milwaukee Harbor, Green Bay and Lake Erie

The ability of microbial populations to mediate the anaerobic transformation of six aromatic compounds in sedi ments from the Milwaukee Harbor, Green Bay, and Lake Erie was examined Sediment slurries were incubated in an anaerobic mineral salts medium that was amended with multiple electron acceptors, including manganese(IV) and Fe(III) oxides, and the concentrations of the aromatic substrates were followed over a six to 18 month period Most sediment samples showed a com plete loss of benzoate and 4 hydroxybenzoate within approximately two months Benzoate losses were partially to markedly inhibited by the addition of molybdate, whereas losses of 4 hydroxybenzoate were not molybdate inhibited Significant losses of aniline, 3 chlorobenzoate, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were observed with many of the sediments after approximately 18 months Molybdate markedly inhibited the metabolism of 3 chlorobenzoate with all sediments, and of aniline with some sed lments Increases in free chloride, which are indicative of reductive dechlorination were coincident with losses of 3 chlorobenzoate and 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid No significant metabolism of 4 chlorobenzoate was apparent in any of the sediments Over all, the results indicate that microbes with the ability to degrade at least certain aromatic compounds are present at various sites within these environments
Dynamically Plausible Hypotheses of Lunar Origin

The implausibility of the capture hypothesis of lunar origin is pointed out. The reason for this implausibility is the extreme weakness of the only known energy sink for pure capture, tidal friction. A mechanism proposed by Alfven and Arrhenius (1972) is the locking of the moon in synchronization with a longitudinal variation in the earth's gravitational field. It is shown that collision with preexisting satellite matter is the most effective means of capturing a moon.
Measures of postprandial lipoproteins are not associated with coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) characteristically have elevated fasting and postprandial (PP) plasma triglycerides (TG). Previous case-control studies indicated that PPTG levels predict the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in people without DM; however, the data for patients with DM are conflicting. Therefore, we conducted a case-control study in DM individuals, 84 with (+) and 80 without (−) CAD. Our hypothesis was that DM individuals with or without CAD would have similar PPTG levels, but CAD+ individuals would have more small d<1.006 g/L lipoprotein particles. Several markers of PP lipid metabolism were measured over 10 h after a fat load. PP lipoprotein size and particle number were also determined. There was no significant difference in any measure of PP lipid metabolism between CAD+ and CAD−, except for apoB48, which was actually higher in CAD−. We followed 69 CAD− participants for a mean 8.7 years; 33 remained free of any cardiovascular event. There were no PP differences at baseline between these 33 who remained CAD− and either the 36 original CAD− who subsequently developed CAD or the original CAD+ group.PP measurements of TG-rich lipoproteins do not predict the presence of CAD in individuals with DM.
ASHP eBook Collection

ASHP eBook Collection offers at present 50 titles published by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, a professional organization for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. Topics range from clinical references to career advice. Institutions may purchase an annual site license or subscribe a la carte by title. Some features may cause confusion in the end-user in an otherwise straightforward interface. When compared with platforms with more robust customization features, ASHP eBook Collection has few options for tailoring it to an institution's needs. However, the specialized nature of its titles makes this platform a valuable resource to institutions serving pharmacy students, pharmacists, and pharmacy technicians.
Interleukin-1 stimulates the beta-amyloid precursor protein promoter

1. Amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's diseased patients are composed of the 42 amino acid beta-amyloid peptide (BAP) which is processed out of the larger amyloid precursor protein (APP). 2. To study the regulation of the APP gene expression, we have isolated the promoter region of this angle of this single-copy gene and produced a reporter gene system to determine if the promoter is responsive to agents that may cause the overproduction of APP leading to the abnormal accumulation of plaques in AD. 3. The promoter contains sequences homologous to heat shock elements, AP-1 binding sites, and phorbol ester-inducible sequences as well as GG-rich regions found in other constitutively expressed genes. 4. We show here that this promoter is inducible in cultured cells by interleukin-1 (IL-1) in a transient assay system and that the HSE and AP-1 binding site are required for this inducibility. 5. This induction of transcription from the APP promoter implies that this gene is responsive to tropic and/or trophic agents which may be present in the diseased brain.
Derivation of Interatomic Potentials by Inversion of Ab Initio Cohesive Energy Curves

An analytic procedure for inverting ab initio cohesive energy vs. volume curves to obtain a parameter-free interatomic potential is presented. The procedure determines the radial functions in a cluster potential, assuming an angular dependence. The method is a nonlinear generalization of the ab initio pair potential formula of Carlsson, Gelatt and Ehrenreich to higher orders of cluster expansion [1]. We demonstrate our method by deriving an ab initio cluster potential for silicon with the Stillinger-Weber angular dependence [2], A novel property of the potential is that bond-bending forces are not monotonic in the bond length, as is the case with most empirical potentials, but rather are peaked at the first neighbor distance. The validity of the inverted potential is discussed along with its use in the development of new interatomic potentials.
Earnings, Book Values, and Dividends in a Stewardship Setting with Moral Hazard*

The paper addresses the following question: in a multiple-date agency setting, under what conditions will the dividend policy be of no incentive relevancy? It is shown that if the accounting data—earnings, book values, and dividends — satisfy standard owners' equity accounting constructs, and if these indicate that paying dividends is a zero NPV activity, then dividend policy incentive irrelevancy applies. The basic idea is to ensure that the (history of) abnormal (residual) earnings summarize the relevant information and the solution to the incentive problem. The paper also compares classical value irrelevancy with incentive irrelevancy, and the analysis shows that conditions for incentive irrelevancy are more stringent.
Adaptable Architectures for Signal Processing Applications

In this paper, state-of-the-art reconfigurable architectures are reviewed and their main drawbacks in reaching TeraByte per second bandwidth is identified. A concept of new adaptable architecture for signal processing applications is proposed that will enable TB/s processing in the future. Current prototypes of smaller scale modules show groundbreaking benefits in reaching the targeted goal.
Surrounding tissues canalize motile cardiopharyngeal progenitors towards collective polarity and directed migration

Collectively migrating cells maintain group polarity and interpret external cues to reach their destination. The cardiogenic progenitors (also known as trunk ventral cells, TVCs) of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis provide a simple chordate model with which to study collective migration. Bilateral pairs of associated TVCs undergo a stereotyped polarized migration away from the tail towards the ventral trunk, arguably constituting the simplest possible example of directed collective migration. To identify tissues contributing to TVC polarity and migration, we quantified the contact between TVCs and surrounding tissues, and blocked the secretory pathway in a tissue-specific manner. Even though TVCs normally migrate as an invariably determined leader-trailer polarized pair of adherent cells, they are capable of migrating individually, albeit a shorter distance and with altered morphology. The mesenchyme contacts newborn TVCs and contributes to robust specification of the trailer but appears to have only minor effects on directed migration. The notochord does not contact the TVCs but contributes to the onset of migration. The trunk endoderm first contacts the leader TVC, then ‘encases’ both migrating cells and provides the inputs maintaining leader-trailer polarity. Migrating TVCs adhere to the epidermis and need this contact for their cohesion. These phenomenological studies reveal that inherently motile cardiopharyngeal progenitors are channeled into stereotyped behaviors by interactions with surrounding tissues.
Role of juvenile hormone-esterase in mating-stimulated egg development in the moth Heliothis virescens

Juvenile hormone (JH) titer in virgin females of Heliothis virescens is significantly lower than that in mated females of the same age. The JH titer in virgin females follows a diel pattern in which it begins to increase towards the end of photophase, remains high around the onset of scotophase, and declines during scotophase. The titer reaches its lowest levels at the onset of photophase, and remains low during the first half of photophase. In mated females, the diel pattern of JH titers is not as pronounced. JH-esterase (JHE) activity in mated females is significantly lower than that of virgin females during photophase; JHE levels in the former are similar to levels seen in newly emerged females. JHE activity in mated females also exhibits a diel pattern, in which activity is low during photophase and high at the onset of scotophase. Evidence for the indirect involvement of JHE in the mating-stimulated egg development is provided by the effect of selected JHE inhibitors in inhibiting JHE activity and stimulating egg production in virgin females.
Creation of a Video-Based Learning Module of Extraocular Muscles' Structure and Function

The objectives for the EM module are the following: 1) Describe the movements of the eyeball relative to the visual gaze and principal (cardinal) axes. 2) Compare and contrast the movements of the eyeball mediated by the extraocular muscles. 3) Explain the relationship between clinical testing, extraocular muscle movements and extraocular muscle innervation. 4) Describe which muscles act together to mediate conjugate movements.
Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents: Surveillance for Pituitary Dysfunction

Background. Children who sustain traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at risk for developing hypopituitarism, of which growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is the most common manifestation. Objective. To determine the prevalence of GHD and associated features following TBI among children and adolescents. Study design. A total of 32 children and adolescents were recruited from a pediatric TBI clinic. Participants were diagnosed with GHD based on insufficient growth hormone release during both spontaneous overnight testing and following arginine/glucagon administration. Results. GHD was diagnosed in 5/32 participants (16%). Those with GHD exhibited more rapid weight gain following injury than those without GHD and had lower levels of free thyroxine and follicle-stimulating hormone. Males with GHD had lower testosterone levels. Conclusions. GHD following TBI is common in children and adolescents, underscoring the importance of assessing for GHD, including evaluating height and weight velocities after TBI. Children an...
Suicide ideation and attempts and bullying in children and adolescents: psychiatric and general population samples.

Background: Studies of the relationship between bullying and suicide behavior yield mixed results. Aims: This is the first study comparing frequencies of suicide behavior in four bullying groups (bully, victim, bully/victim, and neither) in two large psychiatric and community samples of young children and adolescents. Method: Maternal ratings of bullying and suicide ideation and attempts were analyzed for 1,291 children with psychiatric disorders and 658 children in the general population 6–18 years old. Results: For both the psychiatric and community samples, suicide ideation and attempt scores for bully/victims were significantly higher than for victims only and for neither bullies nor victims. Differences between victims only and neither victims nor bullies were nonsignificant. Controlling for sadness and conduct problems, suicide behavior did not differ between the four bullying groups. All children with suicide attempts had a comorbid psychiatric disorder, as did all but two children with suicide ide...
Research and Management of Ocean Disposal of Dredge Material in New England Waters

Research investigations and monitoring of various dredging and disposal projects in the New England region have been conducted over a ten-year period commencing in 1967. In order to facilitate the management and implementation of federal, state and private dredging projects, the New England Division Corps of Engineers has adopted a regional approach to disposal of dredge material. It is proposed that the New England coastline be geographically divided into four or five regional areas. Within each management area all present and anticipated dredging activities would be described.
Crack-free III-nitride structures (> 3.5 μm) on silicon

III-nitride structures on Si are of great technological importance due to the availability of large area, epi ready Si substrates and the ability to heterointegrate with mature silicon micro and nanoelectronics. High voltage, high power density, and high frequency attributes of GaN make the III-N on Si platform the most promising technology for next-generation power devices. However, the large lattice and thermal mismatch between GaN and Si (111) introduces a large density of dislocations and cracks in the epilayer. Cracking occurs along three equivalent (1−100) planes which limits the useable device area. Hence, efforts to obtain crack-free GaN on Si have been put forth with the most commonly reported technique being the insertion of low temperature (LT) AlN interlayers. However, these layers tend to further degrade the quality of the devices due to the poor quality of films grown at a lower temperature using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Our substrate engineering technique shows a considerable improvement in the quality of 2 μm thick GaN on Si (111), with a simultaneous decrease in dislocations and cracks. Dislocation reduction by an order of magnitude and crack separation of > 1 mm has been achieved. Here we combine our method with step-graded AlGaN layers and LT AlN interlayers to obtain crack-free structures greater than 3.5 μm on 2” Si (111) substrates. A comparison of these film stacks before and after substrate engineering is done using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy. High electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices developed on a systematic set of samples are tested to understand the effects of our technique in combination with crack reduction techniques. Although there is degradation in the quality upon the insertion of LT AlN interlayers, this degradation is less prominent in the stack grown on the engineered substrates. Also, this methodology enables a crack-free surface with the capability of growing thicker layers.
What are the stimulation parameters that affect the extent of twitch force potentiation in the adductor pollicis muscle

Muscle force potentiation affects force output during electrical stimulation. Few studies have examined stimulation train parameters that influence potentiation such as pulse number, stimulation frequency, train duration, and force–time integral and peak force produced during the train. Pulse-matched trains (100 pulses) at 7.5, 15, 25, 30, 50, and 100 Hz, and trains of varying pulse number (50, 100, and 200 pulses) at 30 and 50 Hz were delivered to the ulnar nerve of 10 (5 male, 5 female; 23.4 ± 0.9 years), healthy individuals in random order. Single twitches of the adductor pollicis muscle were elicited before and after each train with a rest interval of at least 5 min between each train. No differences in potentiation occurred across the pulse-matched trains at frequencies of 15–50 Hz (38.9 ± 5.4–44.6 ± 5.5%). Twitch force potentiation following the highest (100 Hz) and lowest (7.5 Hz) frequency trains were not significantly different and were lower than the other 100 pulse-matched trains. As pulse number increased, potentiation increased for both the 30 and 50-Hz trains. There was a significant positive correlation between force potentiation and force–time integral produced by the stimulation train, r = 0.70. The results indicate that potentiation magnitude is dependent on the force–time integral produced during the test train and the number of pulses delivered, independent of stimulation frequency.
Posterior vaginal wall defects and their relation to measures of pelvic floor neuromuscular function and posterior compartment symptoms

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the pelvic floor neuromuscular function and posterior compartment symptoms in patients with posterior vaginal wall prolapse. Study Design: Two hundred twenty-seven women who were referred to a urogynecology and urology clinic were enrolled prospectively. Each patient completed a health history questionnaire and standardized physical examination that specifically graded uterovaginal prolapse according to the pelvic organ prolapse quantification system. Results: Sixty-nine women had a pelvic organ prolapse quantification system point (most dependent portion of the posterior vaginal wall during straining as measured from the hymeneal ring) of ≤−1. Older age, a history of hysterectomy, a genital hiatus of >3 cm (48% vs 24%; P =.002), and perineal descent of ≥2 cm (14% vs 5%; P =.042) were significantly more common in women with posterior vaginal prolapse. When women with posterior prolapse and symptomatic complaints were compared with asymptomatic women with prolapse, a perineal descent of ≥2 cm (21% vs 0%; P =.004) was significantly more common in the symptomatic group. Conclusion: Pelvic floor neuromuscular function should be related to posterior vaginal prolapse and symptoms; however, only perineal descent appears associated strongly with both symptoms and prolapse in this population. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:1443-9.)
Akinetopsia from nefazodone toxicity

Abstract PURPOSE: To investigate two cases of selective impairment of motion perception (akinetopsia) induced by toxicity from the antidepressant nefazodone, a new drug that blocks serotonin reuptake and antagonizes 5-HT 2 receptors. METHODS: Case reports. RESULTS: A 47-year-old man receiving nefazodone (Serzone; Bristol-Meyers Squibb, New York, N.Y.) (100 mg twice daily), reported a bizarre derangement of motion perception. Moving objects were followed by a trail of multiple "freeze-frame" images, which dissipated promptly when motion ceased. A 48-year-old woman receiving nefazodone (400 mg daily at bedtime) reported a similar phenomenon, with visual trails following moving objects. In both patients, vision returned to normal after the dosage of nefazodone was reduced or eliminated. CONCLUSIONS: Nefazodone toxicity can result in akinetopsia, characterized by the inability to perceive motion in a normal, smooth fashion; persistence of multiple, strobelike images; and visual trails behind moving objects. In this rare syndrome, stationary elements are perceived normally, indicating that nefazodone causes selective impairment of pathways involved in motion processing in the visual system.
A note on the evaluation of matrix polynomials

The problem of evaluating a polynomial p(x) in a matrix A arises in many applications, e.g., the Taylor approximation of eA. The 0(\sqrt{q} n^{3}) algorithm of Paterson and Stockmeyer has the drawback that it requires 0(\sqrt{q}q n^{2}) storage, where q is the degree of p and n is the dimension of A . An algorithm which greatly reduces this storage requirement without undue loss of speed is presented.
Performance of FPGA implementation of bit-split architecture for intrusion detection systems

The use of reconfigurable hardware for network security applications has recently made great strides as field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices have provided larger and faster resources. The performance of an intrusion detection system is dependent on two metrics: throughput and the total number of patterns that can fit on a device. In this paper, we consider the FPGA implementation details of the bit-split string-matching architecture. The bit-split algorithm allows large hardware state machines to be converted into a form with much higher memory efficiency. We extend the architecture to satisfy the requirements of the IDS state-of-the-art. We show that the architecture can be effectively optimized for FPGA implementation. We have optimized the pattern memory system parameters and developed new interface hardware for communicating with an external controller. The overall performance (bandwidth * number of patterns) is competitive with other memory-based string matching architectures implemented in FPGA.
Importance of the Radiology Program Coordinator1

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires that each program have a dedicated residency program coordinator (1). This was recently added to the program requirements when it became apparent to the members of the Radiology Residency Review Committee (RRC) that the success of a program was dependent upon the program having such a dedicated person. The ACGME requires there to be a single program director responsible for a diagnostic radiology residency program. This person is accountable for the operation of the program including overseeing and organizing the activities of the educational program in all institutions that participate in the program; preparing an accurate statistical and narrative description of the program as requested by the RRC (as well as updating annually both program and resident records through the ACGME Accreditation Data System); ensuring the implementation of fair policies, grievance procedures, and due process; and seeking prior approval of the RRC for any changes in the program that may significantly alter the educational experience of the residents. The labor-intensive nature of these responsibilities led to the ACGME requirement that the program director be provided at least 1 day per week of protected time to administer the program. The role of the coordinator interfaces with nearly every aspect of the program director’s role. Although the program director is held accountable for every aspect of the program, much of the effort that is involved in administering a program is delegated to the coordinator. It is vitally important that the program director and coordinator have a close and
"I can, therefore I must": fragility in the upper-middle classes.

We review evidence on a group recently identified as “at risk,” that is, youth in upwardly mobile, upper-middle class community contexts. These youngsters are statistically more likely than normative samples to show serious disturbance across several domains including drug and alcohol use, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems. Extant data on these problems are reviewed with attention to gender-specific patterns, presenting quantitative developmental research findings along with relevant evidence across other disciplines. In considering possible reasons for elevated maladjustment, we appraise multiple pathways, including aspects of family dynamics, peer norms, pressures at schools, and policies in higher education. All of these pathways are considered within the context of broad, exosystemic mores: the pervasive emphasis, in contemporary American culture, on maximizing personal status, and how this can threaten the well-being of individuals and of communities. We then discuss issues that warrant attention in future research. The paper concludes with suggestions for interventions at multiple levels, targeting youth, parents, educators, as well as policymakers, toward reducing pressures and maximizing positive adaptation among “privileged but pressured” youth and their families.
Effect of Milling and Preparation Method on the Physical Properties and Quality of Moin‐Moin (Steamed Paste)

: Moin-moin is steamed cowpea paste native to Nigeria. This product is classified as a protein/starch gel with the dominate portion of the gel network consisting of cowpea starch. Moin-moin was prepared from starting materials (cowpea meal and cowpea flour) and compared to moin-moin prepared from dry, whole, undecorticated cowpea seeds. Texture profile measurements showed that moin-moin made from cowpea flour (small particle size) formed a firmer structure when compared to moin-moin made from either cowpea meal or whole, dry cowpea seeds. Starting materials with smaller particle sizes and longer cooking times produced stickier moin-moin. The cowpea solids to water ratio was shown to affect the firmness of moin-moin, where a 3.75:1 ratio of solids to water produced a firmer product than other concentrations. Generally, color was unaffected across treatment regimens as identified by an expert sensory panel, although instrumental color measurements showed significant differences for hue angle and chroma. This study demonstrated that the particle size of this food ingredient contributes significantly to its functionality in food formulations.
Semiconducting properties of Mg2Ge single crystals

Single crystals of Mg2Ge have been obtained from melts of the constituents, and Hall effect and electrical resistiv­ ity measurements have been made from 77 °K to 1000°K. Undoped crystals were n-type and had saturated impurity carrier concentrations as low as 3(10)1 cm~^; silver-doped crystals were p-type and had saturated impurity carrier concentrations roughly proportional to the amount of added silver. For one of the high purity n-type samples donor levels were located approximately 0.04 ev and 0.08 ev below the conduction band. The room-temperature Hall mobilities were observed to be 2 2 280 cm /volt-sec for electrons and 110 cm /volt-sec for holes. The hole mobility observed in the extrinsic region (120°K to 350°K) of the highest purity p-type sample and the mobility difference observed in the intrinsic region (350°K to 700°K) —P 0 of the n-type samples varied with temperature as T" ' . The —? 0 mobility difference was found to decrease faster than T~ above 700°K. The width of the energy gap at absolute zero, as determined from the temperature dependence of both the resistivity and the Hall effect in the intrinsic region, was 0.69 +0.01 ev.
Pharmacokinetic Mechanisms Associated with Synergism by DEF of Cypermethrin Toxicity in Larval and Adult Helicoverpa zea, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Penetration, metabolism, and excretion of radiocarbon were observed after topical treatment of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagle) larvae and adults with cypermethrin-14C. These pharmacokinetic events usually were higher with trans-cypermethrin-14C than with cis-cypermethrin-14C. They also were generally higher with H. zea and S. frugiperda than with A. ipsilon, and they were higher in larvae than in adults. No marked sex differences in the degradation of trans-cypermethrin were apparent. Pretreatment of H. zea, S. frugiperda, and A. ipsilon larvae and adults with S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) 30 min before application of cypermethrin resulted in a perturbation of trans-cypermethrin pharmacokinetics manifested primarily by a lower rate of pyrethroid metabolism as compared with that in the absence of DEF. Appreciably higher internal levels of the toxic parent pyrethroid were often observed in the presence of DEF than in the absence of DEF in most cases. Suppression of cypermethrin penetration and elimination also was usually detected. Inhibition by DEF of the enzymatic degradation of cypermethrin may account for the synergy observed between these two compounds.
Morphine metabolism. IV. Studies on the mechanism of morphine: uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase and its activation by bilirubin.

Previous studies have shown the activation of morphine glucuronidation in hepatic microsomes by bilirubin. This report shows that morphine glucuronide synthesis through microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) proceeds via a sequential ordered mechanism in the absence and presence of bilirubin and Triton X-100. Bilirubin markedly increases the Vmax, slightly increases the Ka for morphine, and has no effect on the Ka for UDP-glucuronic acid. The activation occurs in intact microsomes but not with a solubilized enzyme preparation. These results may have significance with respect to the stimulation of morphine glucuronidation in vivo.