cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“You Can Be Anything But You Can’t Have It All”: Discursive Struggles Of Career Ambition During Doctoral Candidacy

Guided by Relational Dialectics Theory, the goal in this study was to understand how one group of women—married doctoral candidates—talk about and position their career ambition in light of the relational and cultural discourses they encounter. Data consisted of 30 in-depth interviews with married female doctoral candidates. With discourse highlighting the double bind of “you can be anything” and “you can’t have it all,” participants faced conflicting messages suggesting that their career ambition was simultaneously admirable and selfish. Analysis of participants’ talk about their career and relational identities revealed varied attempts to challenge, resist, and transform the restrictive gendered discourses they encountered.
Anglo-Netherlands Rivalry in the East to the end of 1819

Article 36 of the constitution of the Netherlands assigned to the sovereign exclusive authority over the colonies,1 thereby assuring a considerable degree of centralized direction of policy. More than Louis Philippe the Dutch William deserves the appellation of the Bourgeois King. As Blok put it, “he would have been taken for a Dutch burgher or merchant rather than for a monarch” 2 and such was his attention to detail, his sense of duty and responsibility, and his self-confidence, that, facing a public whose political apathy equalled its economic lassitude, he governed, even administered, as well as reigned. Yet however great a singularity of purpose might conceivably inspire the decisions of King William and his officials at home, attenuated in practice by administrative bungling, the remoteness of Batavia imposed on the Governor General the responsibility both of resolving immediate problems only imperfectly appreciated at The Hague or Brussels, and of adjusting the instructions from home to the conditions in the field. To Van der Capellen, the first governor-general, King William said before his departure: “Sir, you are going to have a power greater than mine, for you will not have the States General.”
James’s ‘Brotherhood of Faith’: The Artist and the Critic in ‘The Next Time’

In 1943 R. P. Blackmur published a provocative essay, ‘In the Country of the Blue’, in which he states that James’s fictions about writers and critics are flawed because they ‘emphasise imagination at the expense of reality’ (ed. Makowsky, p. 8).1 They demonstrate that if the writer-artist expects to meet the exacting standards of high art, he must do so at the expense of his humanity. That is, his surrender to the disciplines of art means that he must give himself up in an act approximating self-annihilation. Moreover, Blackmur says, when the writer-artist fails, it is because he has been unable to effect the separation of himself from society that is prerequisite to self-sacrifice. For Blackmur, James’s philosophy of the experience of the writer-artist is unrealistic and unsatisfactory because it means that the artist’s special gifts do not enrich his humanity. Instead, they are devoured by his insatiable art. Blackmur finds this portrait of the writer-artist’s experience particularly vivid in the case of Ralph Limbert, James’s writer-hero in ‘The Next Time’.
Ultrafast Dynamics of Palladium(II) Tripyrrindione: A Redox-Active Platform for Catalysis, Energy and Charge Transfer

Transient absorption measurements have been performed on a novel redox-active tripyrrindione Pd(II) system. Using global analysis, we have recovered multiple solvent dependent ultrafast timescales associated with intersystem crossing and electron dynamics.
Six imprisoned health-care workers in Libya are pawns in a far larger strategic game. The repercussions are enormous.

The scientific community, AIDS activists, and the Libyan government would do well to recognize that the political and diplomatic import of the case of the Benghazi Six involves a great deal more than the lives of five Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian physician. At stake are some of the most profound political issues of our time: terrorism, nuclear proliferation, the freedom of movement of health-care workers and scientists, and the Biological Weapons Convention. Although human rights advocates rightly decry the physical torture these individuals have been subjected to, and their death sentences, it is critical to recognize that the unfortunate Benghazi Six—Bulgarian nurses Snezhana Dimitrova, Nasya Nenova, Valentina Siropulo, Valya Chervenyashka, and Kristiyana Valtcheva, and Palestinian physician Ahmed Ashraf Al Hadjudi—are pawns in a far larger game.
SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON TOXICITY AND COVALENT BINDING OF BROMOBENZENE DERIVATIVES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the substituent effects of bromobenzene derivatives on toxicity and covalent binding. It has been shown that there is a direct correlation between in vivo hepatoxicity of a series of ortho-substituted bromobenzene derivatives and substituent electronic character. Compounds bearing strongly electronegative substituents were potent toxins, those with electron-releasing substituents were virtually non-toxic, and substituents of intermediate electronic character produced compounds of moderate toxicity. To determine whether various metabolic parameters could be related to the degree of hepatotoxicity exhibited by these compounds, the rates of disappearance of several compounds were measured in the presence of hepatic microsomes. Because enzymatic attack is electrophilic in nature, the rates of metabolic transformation are the reverse of toxic potency, so that toxicity cannot be explained based on the amount of toxic metabolite produced. All compounds interacted to a similar extent with cytochrome P-450, giving type I difference spectra and similar Ks values.
Innovation Implementation: Leading from the Middle Out

The Competing Values Framework, a model for understanding paradoxical tension in an organization, can explain how managers help translate new ideas into actionable improvements to ultimately fit an organization’s culture and operations by managing tasks and culture. Middle managers’ central roles at the crossroads of defining culture, strategy, process and markets allow them to act as a fulcrum for leaders to pry people and systems toward delivering meaningful change, yet also serve as a lynch pin to hold organizations together amid stress. These managers play alternating roles, first as agents of change and then buffers to temper the same, internalizing competing values stress then forging its resolution. An ambidextrous ability to shift focus then de-focus through skillful communication can yield significant results.
Reliability and a correlational analysis of the 6MWT, ten-meter walk test, thirty second sit to stand, and the linear analog scale of function in patients with head and neck cancer.

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study was to establish the test–retest reliability of and relationships between various measures of physical function in a cohort of individuals in the early treatment stages for head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods: The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), 30-Second Sit to Stand (30STS), and Linear Analog Scale of Function (LASF) were administered to 42 participants with a diagnosis of HNC. Test–retest reliability and correlations between the measures are reported. Results: The 6MWT, 10MWT, 30STS, and LASF demonstrate excellent test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.901–0.960). The 6MWT exhibits a moderate to good relationship with the 10MWT (r = 0.684, p < 0.001), whereas the relationship between the 30STS and the 6MWT (r = 0.407, p = 0.007) and 10MWT (r = 0.322, p = 0.038) is fair. The LASF does not correlate significantly with the 6MWT, 10MWT, or 30STS. Conclusions: The 6MWT, 10MWT, 30STS, and LASF are reliable measurement instruments for patients tr...
Univalence of a certain quartic function

We give a short proof that the quartic polynomial \(f(z)=\frac 1 6 z^{4} + \frac 2 3 z^{3} + \frac 7 6 z^{2} + z\) is univalent, i.e., injective, in the open unit disc \(D=\{ z \in \mathbb {C} : \lvert z \rvert <1 \}\).
THE REGULATION OF DECOMPOSITION AND HETEROTROPHIC MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN SALT MARSH SOILS: A REVIEW

Most grass production in salt marshes occurs as the belowground production of roots and rhizomes in soils which are largely anoxic. Although marsh soils accrete organic matter, net rate of accretion is only a small percentage of belowground production. Most organic production is decomposed anoxically within the soil. Rates of decomposition of structural materials such as roots and rhizomes appear to be similar to that found in terrestrial grasslands. Lack of molecular oxygen may limit decomposition of some materials (lignin, aromatic hydrocarbons) but not of most. Anoxia may actually speed decomposition of some materials such as cellulose. Rates of microbial heterotrophy in salt marsh soils are the highest reported for any natural ecosystem. This high activity is probably supported both by slow decomposition of a large pool of dead roots and rhizomes and by rapid use of labile compounds such as those excreted by live roots. Sulfate reduction and related fermentative processes are the major forms of heterotrophy in salt marsh soils. A build up of metabolites and toxins in stagnant pore waters may limit decomposition and microbial heterotrophy, but this has not yet been shown conclusively. Studies of belowground decomposition and microbial activities in salt marsh soils are beset by methodological problems. These problems must be carefully considered if erroneous conclusions are to be avoided. We attempt a comprehensive review of these problems in this paper.
Inhibition of Rat Splenocyte Proliferation with Methylprednisolone: In Vivo Effect of Liposomal Formulation

The effect of a liposomal formulation of methylprednisolone (MPL) on the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation in spleen cells was investigated following IV dosing in rats. Liposomes do not alter the suppressive action of MPL when placed in lymphocyte culture. Rat splenocytes were found to have greater sensitivity to MPL (EC50 = 7.9 nM) than do human peripheral blood lymphocytes (EC50 = 28 nM). In vivo studies in rats utilized 2 mg/kg IV bolus doses of liposomal MPL compared to drug in solution. Animals were sacrificed at various times post-dosing until 120 h, spleen was excised and, after incubation of lymphocytes with PHA, splenocyte blastogenic responses were assessed by measuring cellular incorporation of 3H-thymidine. The suppressive effect of liposomal MPL in comparison with free drug was significantly prolonged (>120 h vs < 18 h). Inhibition effects versus time were described by a pharmacodynamic model using MPL concentrations in plasma as an input function. A nonlinear relationship was found between suppression of splenocyte proliferation and the concentration of bound glucocorticoid receptors in spleen. Only partial receptor occupancy accompanied complete lymphocyte suppression. The suppression of endogenous corticosterone in plasma for both treatments was similar with values from L-MPL rats returning to baseline after 24 h. These results demonstrate enhanced efficacy of local immunosuppression by targeting spleen with liposomal MPL.
A novel approach to the classification of epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

Background Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis that causes disseminated eruptions of hypo- or hyperpigmented macules and wart-like papules that can coalesce and scale. It is uniquely characterized by an increased susceptibility to specific human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. Classically, EV is associated with mutations of the EVER1/TMC6 and EVER2/TMC8 genes. The term "acquired" epidermodysplasia verruciformis was coined to describe an EV-like syndrome that can develop in patients with a compromised immune system. Recent discoveries of other genes implicated in EV, including RHOH, MST-1, and CORO1A, have complicated the classification of EV and EV-like syndromes. Methods We review the available data on epidermodysplasia verruciformis in the literature in order to propose a new classification system to encompass current and future developments on EV and EV-like syndromes. Results We propose classifying EV into: (1) classic genetic EV, (2) non-classic genetic EV, and (3) acquired EV. Conclusion The proposed categorization scheme provides a simple and logical way to organize the different cases of EV that have been described in the literature. This system organizes EV by its cause, allowing for a better understanding of the disease and helps differentiate EV from other causes of generalized verrucosis.
Parent-Directed Interaction: Considerations When Working with Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

This chapter discusses the use of the second phase of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), Parent-Directed Interaction (PDI), with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As PDI may not be appropriate for every child on the autism spectrum, the authors focus on the use of PDI with children with receptive and expressive language at or above 30 months. Unique considerations in PDI with children on the autism spectrum and PDI coaching strategies for children with ASD are highlighted.
Advances in Virtual and Augmented Reality—Exploring the Role in Health-care Education

Abstract Recent years have seen an increase in the use of virtual and augmented reality platforms for health-care education. These have been used for teaching anatomy, simulation of emergencies, and procedural training. We review the potential roles and ongoing challenges related to implementation of this technology.
Radiotherapy (RT) for brain metastases (BM) near end of life (EOL): Does referral setting matter?

e17723 Background: Incidence of BM in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), treatment referral patterns, and receipt of brain RT are not well-described. We assessed frequency of BM development, brain...
Sleep, stress, and immunity

Abstract Poor sleep is an important risk factor for the development and progression of disease; however, the biological mechanisms are not well elucidated. The immune system has emerged as potential pathway. In this chapter, the literature linking poor sleep with alterations in the acquired and innate immune systems will be reviewed as well as research that associates sleep with accelerated immune system aging. Like poor sleep, elevated psychological stress modulates immune functioning. The stress-immune literature is also reviewed along with a discussion of the reciprocal connections that bind sleep and stress, their shared physiologic mechanisms that drive immune change, and existing data demonstrating the interactive effects of the sleep-stress connection on immunity.
ctDNA analysis for personalization of consolidation immunotherapy in localized non-small cell lung cancer.

2547Background: Detection of molecular residual disease via circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis after chemoradiation (CRT) in localized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) predicts risk of relaps...
Implicit guidance of attention in contextual cueing: Neuropsychological and developmental evidence

When searching for an object in a familiar environment, we may automatically orient to locations where this object was often placed previously. Contextual cueing refers to the guidance of attention by repeated search context. As an implicit mechanism with high capacity, contextual cueing may be important for people whose cognitive function is compromised, immature, or in decline. Here we review and synthesize the last two decades of research on contextual cueing, focusing on neuropsychological and developmental evidence. Contextual cueing is largely preserved in young children, older adults, and individuals with autism spectrum disorders or mild intellectual impairment. Some, though not all, studies find a deficit in contextual cueing in amnesic patients, patients with basal ganglia damage, children with ADHD, and individuals with psychiatric disorders. Although the medial temporal lobe, the basal ganglia, and the posterior parietal cortex are implicated in contextual cueing, definitive evidence for their necessity is lacking. These findings suggest that contextual cueing is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that is exceptionally robust to damages to single brain sites.
Acute unfolding of a single protein immediately stimulates recruitment of ubiquitin protein ligase E3C (UBE3C) to 26S proteasomes

The intracellular accumulation of aggregated misfolded proteins is a cytopathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the functional relationship between protein misfolding or aggregation and the cellular proteostasis network that monitors and maintains proteome health is poorly understood. Previous studies have associated translational suppression and transcriptional remodeling with the appearance of protein aggregates, but whether these responses are induced by aggregates or their misfolded monomeric or oligomeric precursors remains unclear. Because aggregation in cells is rapid, nonlinear, and asynchronous, it has not been possible to deconvolve these kinetically linked processes to determine the earliest cellular responses to misfolded proteins. Upon removal of the synthetic, biologically inert ligand shield-1 (S1), AgDD, an engineered variant FK506-binding protein (FKBP1A), rapidly (t½ ∼5 min) unfolds and self-associates, forming detergent-insoluble, microscopic cytoplasmic aggregates. Using global diglycine-capture (K-GG) proteomics, we found here that this solubility transition is associated with immediate increases in ubiquitylation of AgDD itself, along with that of endogenous proteins that are components of the ribosome and the 26S proteasome. We also found that the earliest cellular responses to acute S1 removal include recruitment of ubiquitin protein ligase E3C (UBE3C) to the 26S proteasome and ubiquitylation of two key proteasomal ubiquitin receptors, 26S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN10 (RPN10) and Rpn13 homolog (RPN13 or ADRM1). We conclude that these proteasomal responses are due to AgDD protein misfolding and not to the presence of detergent-insoluble aggregates.
Persistent Homology Guided Force-Directed Graph Layouts

Graphs are commonly used to encode relationships among entities, yet their abstractness makes them difficult to analyze. Node-link diagrams are popular for drawing graphs, and force-directed layouts provide a flexible method for node arrangements that use local relationships in an attempt to reveal the global shape of the graph. However, clutter and overlap of unrelated structures can lead to confusing graph visualizations. This paper leverages the persistent homology features of an undirected graph as derived information for interactive manipulation of force-directed layouts. We first discuss how to efficiently extract 0-dimensional persistent homology features from both weighted and unweighted undirected graphs. We then introduce the interactive persistence barcode used to manipulate the force-directed graph layout. In particular, the user adds and removes contracting and repulsing forces generated by the persistent homology features, eventually selecting the set of persistent homology features that most improve the layout. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our approach across a variety of synthetic and real datasets.
MEASUREMENTS OF STRUCTURAL RELAXATION IN AMORPHOUS Pd82 Si18: X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY

Publisher Summary It is well known that annealing without crystallization leads to changes in the electrical resistivity of amorphous metals. Both positive and negative changes in the magnitude and temperature coefficient of resistivity have been observed. Such changes are believed to arise from structural rearrangements that lead to atomic configurations of lower energy. This chapter describes an experiment used for the measurement of structural relaxation in amorphous Pd82Si18. In the experiment, changes in the X-ray structure factor and the electrical resistivity were measured at room temperature as a function of isothermal annealing time. Each X-ray sample was taken from the center of a disk and the corresponding resistivity sample was cut from the remaining material of the same disk. This procedure ensured that the initial structure was identical for both measurements. The electrical resistivity was measured with a four point probe ac bridge technique, using a lock-in amplifier. Changes in the transmitted beam intensity were used to measure changes in the sample density. The anneals were performed in a separate furnace; accurate repositioning of the sample after each anneal was, therefore, required. Experiment results indicated that the peak sharpens and shifts as a result of annealing.
Variation in Toxicity Reporting Methods for Early Phase Lung Cancer Treatment Trials at Oncology Conferences.

Abstract Introduction Phase I and II trials provide the initial human safety and tolerability data for new drugs. Nevertheless, the methods for presenting toxicity data are not standardized. Clinicians often first encounter these data at professional conferences. We sought to characterize how the burden of adverse events (AEs) is reported at the largest professional conference in clinical oncology. Methods We collected toxicity data from all lung cancer-associated phase I and II trial presentations and posters at the American Society for Clinical Oncology annual meetings from 2017 to 2019. We captured the various AE features, including the minimum incidence used for reporting; whether AEs found were treatment emergent or treatment related, grouped by organ system or separated by individual descriptors; whether combined or separated across dose levels when a dose-escalation component was included; and whether dose-limiting toxicities, serious AE, dose-reduction rules, and denominators for laboratory tests were described. Results A total of 209 trials were analyzed. There was wide variability in toxicity reporting practices. Six different thresholds for reporting AEs of any grade were used. Treatment-related AEs were reported twice as frequently as treatment-emergent AEs. Toxicities were as likely to be reported across dose levels as by dose level. Terms such as dose-limiting toxicity and serious AE were rarely defined. Dose-reduction rules and denominators for laboratory tests were never defined. Conclusions Standardization of methods for reporting toxicities could improve the quality and ease of comparability of data on adverse effects in early phase therapeutic trials. A minimal AE data disclosure template is proposed.
Risperidone for the Management of Treatment-Resistant Anxiety in a Patient with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Case Report.

Patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) have a higher prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorders. Due to the complex nature of these patients, there is often a delay in the diagnosis of these disorders as well as insufficient management of their anxiety symptoms. Current treatment options are often insufficient or poorly tolerated by patients, creating barriers to proper treatment. We hypothesized that patients with EDS and comorbid anxiety, who have failed multiple medication trials, may benefit from a trial of risperidone. In this case report, we discuss the successful management of treatment-resistant anxiety in a patient with EDS with the use of risperidone. Management of comorbid anxiety in these patients is essential, as untreated anxiety can result in increased somatic sensation sensitivity and poor social functioning. Once underlying anxiety disorders are addressed, patients with EDS can better cope with chronic pain symptoms and are more likely to build a therapeutic alliance with their treating physicians. This results in an improved prognosis, social functioning, and overall quality of life.
Postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can successfully support patients following upper airway reconstruction.

BACKGROUND Patients requiring intensive upper airway reconstruction are anatomically restricted in terms of the respiratory support they can receive. While intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been effectively utilized, little has been shown regarding the utility of ECMO for long-term support in these patients. METHODS We demonstrate how a patient with tongue and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma that necessitated upper airway reconstruction was supported with veno-venous (VV) ECMO due to postoperative respiratory failure and an inability to maintain a stable airway. RESULTS By initiating VV ECMO, we were able to decrease positive pressure ventilation and FiO2 , thereby minimizing ventilator-associated trauma and irritation to facilitate wound healing. Over time, ventilatory support was increased in parallel with decreasing ECMO support, allowing discharge to rehabilitation after 74 days of ECMO. CONCLUSION ECMO can effectively support patients with ongoing respiratory requirements following upper airway reconstruction when standard ventilatory techniques are inadequate or not feasible.
The Effect of Source Gas Pressure and Flow on Respirable Dose of Budesonide and Dornase Alpha

Background: Patients have expressed that they could feel a difference in the effectiveness of breathing treatments given in the hospital from a flow meter versus those at home with a compressor. This made us question if there was a difference in respirable dose (RD) between compressors and flow meters. The purpose of this study was to determine if compressors could produce a nebulizer efficiency for Budesonide (B) and Dornase Alpha (DA) that had previously been determined. The research question was, is there a correlation between nebulizer/flow meter flow and pressure, and RD and what was nebulizer efficiency? Methods: A breath-enhanced nebulizer with either a unit dose of B or DA connected to either an air-flow meter or a compressor, was operated until sputter. Spontaneous breathing was simulated by a test lung connected to a breath simulation module, to produce a VT of 155 mL, f of 25 breaths/min, and a TI of 0.5 s, consistent with a pediatric breathing pattern. During nebulization, the flow and pressure of the compressor or flow meter was measured by bourdon gauge and liter meter. The RD was calculated by weighing a filter before and after the treatment. The nebulizer efficiency was calculated by dividing the RD by the nominal dose. Pearson’s r was used to determine the correlation between flow/nebulizer RD and pressure/nebulizer RD for each drug. Significant correlations = P 50% efficiency, the burden falls to the gas supply. None of the compressors we tested provided a nebulizer efficiency of 50% or more. These were all compressors that were off the shelf, common practice in the respiratory therapy department. Perhaps the RT department should have means of verifying compressor efficiency when high efficiency aerosol delivery is desired.
Causal Associations Between Modifiable Risk Factors and the Alzheimer's Phenome.

Objective The purpose of this study was to infer causal relationships between 22 previously reported risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the "AD phenome": AD, AD age of onset (AAOS), hippocampal volume, cortical surface area and thickness, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amyloid-β (Aβ42 ), tau, and ptau181 , and the neuropathological burden of neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and vascular brain injury (VBI). Methods Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for the 22 risk factors were computed in 26,431 AD cases/controls and the association with AD was evaluated using logistic regression. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to infer the causal effect of risk factors on the AD phenome. Results PRS for increased education and diastolic blood pressure were associated with reduced risk for AD. MR indicated that only education was causally associated with reduced risk of AD, delayed AAOS, and increased cortical surface area and thickness. Total- and LDL-cholesterol levels were causally associated with increased neuritic plaque burden, although the effects were driven by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the APOE locus. Diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure are causally associated with increased risk of VBI. Furthermore, total cholesterol was associated with decreased hippocampal volume; smoking initiation with decreased cortical thickness; type 2 diabetes with an earlier AAOS; and sleep duration with increased cortical thickness. Interpretation Our comprehensive examination of the genetic evidence for the causal relationships between previously reported risk factors in AD using PRS and MR supports a causal role for education, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, smoking, and diabetes with the AD phenome. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:54-65.
Transcriptome Analyses of Myometrium from Fibroid Patients Reveals Phenotypic Differences Compared to Non-Diseased Myometrium

Uterine fibroid tissues are often compared to their matched myometrium in an effort to understand their pathophysiology, but it is not clear whether the myometria of uterine fibroid patients represent truly non-disease control tissues. We analyzed the transcriptomes of myometrial samples from non-fibroid patients (M) and compared them with fibroid (F) and matched myometrial (MF) samples to determine whether there is a phenotypic difference between fibroid and non-fibroid myometria. Multidimensional scaling plots revealed that M samples clustered separately from both MF and F samples. A total of 1169 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (false discovery rate < 0.05) were observed in the MF comparison with M. Overrepresented Gene Ontology terms showed a high concordance of upregulated gene sets in MF compared to M, particularly extracellular matrix and structure organization. Gene set enrichment analyses showed that the leading-edge genes from the TGFβ signaling and inflammatory response gene sets were significantly enriched in MF. Overall comparison of the three tissues by three-dimensional principal component analyses showed that M, MF, and F samples clustered separately from each other and that a total of 732 DEGs from F vs. M were not found in the F vs. MF, which are likely understudied in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids and could be key genes for future investigation. These results suggest that the transcriptome of fibroid-associated myometrium is different from that of non-diseased myometrium and that fibroid studies should consider using both matched myometrium and non-diseased myometrium as controls.
Mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents: A review of the current research

Research confirms that children and adolescents are experiencing significant anxiety and depression during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Adolescents may be at greater risk, particularly females. Social isolation, loneliness, lack of physical exercise, and family stress may contribute to these problems. Children who feel unsafe with regards to coronavirus disease 2019 may be more likely to experience somatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety. Parental stress and mental health problems may put children at an increased risk for maltreatment. Medical and behavioral health professionals should routinely screen for depression and anxiety. Increased access to mental health services will be critical.
Enhanced pulsed thermoacoustic imaging by noncoherent pulse compression

Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) is a hybrid imaging technique that combines electromagnetic radiation and ultrasonic waves to achieve high imaging contrast and submillimeter spatial resolution. These characteristics make TAI a good candidate to detect material anomalies that change the material electric properties without a noticeable variation in material density. Conventional pulsed TAI systems work by sending a single short pulse to the imaged target and then detecting the generated pressure signal; therefore, a very high peak power microwave pulse or data averaging is needed to produce images with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, we propose to enhance the SNR of pulsed TAI systems by using non-coherent pulse compression. In this approach, a predefined pulse coded signal is used to illuminate the imaged sample and the received pressure signal is cross correlated with a template that is related to the power profile of the excitation signal. The proposed approach can be easily deployed to pulsed TAI systems without the need for major system modifications to the RF source because it only requires a timing circuit to control the triggering time of the RF pulses. In this paper, we demonstrate experimentally that the proposed approach highly improves the SNR of TAI signals and images and can be used to reduce the acquisition time by lowering the number of data averaging or reduce the required peak power from RF sources.
The location of marginal production for value-added and intermediate goods: Optimal policies and trade volumes

Over the past two decades, trade in high-value (or value-added) agricultural products (HVPs) has been the fastest growing component of world agricultural trade. This study addresses some of the issues raised by promotion of HVP exports by considering the effects of various exogenous price shocks on the location of marginal production for value-added goods. Topics covered include: a general equilibrium model of trade in value-added and intermediate goods; a theoretical analysis of price and trade volume changes in response to exogenous price variations; and an analysis of optimal trade policies.
Fate of Free Amino Acids and Nucleotides in Spoiling Beef

Fresh beef allowed to undergo microbial spoilage at 7 C showed decreases in quantity and types of amino acids as well as decreases in nucleotides when the initial number of bacteria per gram was high. When the initial number of bacteria was low, decreases were either not detectable or of low orders. It seems, therefore, that low-molecular-weight compounds of the above type support the growth of beef-spoilage bacteria rather than primary beef proteins. These low-molecular-weight compounds provide the probable sources of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and other such compounds associated with beef allowed to spoil at low temperatures.
Assessment of error in aerosol optical depth measured by AERONET due to aerosol forward scattering

We present an analysis of the effect of aerosol forward scattering on the accuracy of aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured by CIMEL Sun photometers. The effect is quantified in terms of AOD and solar zenith angle using radiative transfer modeling. The analysis is based on aerosol size distributions derived from multi-year climatologies of AERONET aerosol retrievals. The study shows that the modeled error is lower than AOD calibration uncertainty (0.01) for the vast majority of AERONET level 2 observations, ~99.53%. Only ~0.47% of the AERONET database corresponding mostly to dust aerosol with high AOD and low solar elevations has larger biases. We also show that observations with extreme reductions in direct solar irradiance do not contribute to level 2 AOD due to low Sun photometer digital counts below a quality control cutoff threshold.
Problems of uncertainty, learning, and welfare measurement in resource and environmental economics

This dissertation is a collection of three essays that focus on problems concerning uncertainty, learning, and welfare measurement in resource and environmental economics. Each essay focuses on a separate aspect of these problems. The first essay analyzes search, learning, and economic performance in a dynamic fishing game played by independent fishermen and by members of a stylized fishing cooperative. This paper extends our understanding of the behavior of fishermen operating in a fishing cooperative and highlights the importance of the design of fishing policy to promote their use. Devising contracts that result in optimal investment in information may be particularly challenging in fisheries, due to the club good characteristic of information, its costly acquisition, and the common property nature of the fishery resource. Contracts commonly used to prevent effort-shirking introduce a free-riding problem on the costly information investments of other members. The second essay presents a dynamic transition model to study the economic fundamentals that determine the path from an initially over-capitalized fishery to the long run cost-efficient fleet structure after the introduction of an individual transferable quota (ITQ) program. The results suggest that beliefs play a strong role on the transition. Uncertainty by fishermen over their relative cost-efficiency translates into uncertainty over quota trading prices. As such, a component of the ITQ asset's market price is speculation over future trading prices. Heterogeneous uncertainty and learning also provide insight into the observed pattern of vessel exit, generating new insight into the slow transition observed in U.S. fisheries. These results should be of interest to policy makers. The near universal practice of allocating the initial endowment of quota based on historic catch promotes delayed-exit strategies on cost-inefficient vessels and thereby prolongs the transition period during which the fully efficiency benefits of ITQ management are unrealized. The third essay uses the cleanup of Luke Air Force Base (a deleted Superfund site in Maricopa County, AZ) as a quasi-experiment to perform inside sample and outside sample validation exercises on the pure-characteristics vertical sorting model. Based on these validation exercises, the average bias (absolute deviation) on housing expenditures is approximately 20% and nearly 25% for income. In this setting, the model appears to predict the movement of population shares, but tends to under-predict the housing prices in response to remediation of the Superfund site. The spatial distribution of welfare is also a feature of the structure of the vertical sorting model.
Aluminum Hydroxide Adjuvants Activate Caspase-1 and Induce IL-1β and IL-18 Release

Aluminum hydroxide (Alum) is the only adjuvant approved for routine use in humans, although the basis for its adjuvanticity remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that Alum activates caspase-1 and induce secretion of mature IL-1beta and IL-18. Human PBMC or dendritic cells stimulated with pure TLR4 and TLR2 agonists released only traces of IL-1beta or IL-18, despite the fact that the IL-1beta mRNA was readily induced by both TLR agonists. In contrast, cells costimulated with TLR agonists plus Alum released large amount of IL-1beta and IL-18. Alum-induced IL-1beta and IL-18 production was not due to enhancement of TLR signaling but rather reflected caspase-1 activation and in mouse dendritic cells occurred in a MyD88-independent fashion. Secretion of other proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8 was not affected by Alum treatments. However, TLR-induced production of IL-10 was increased and that of IFN-gamma-inducible protein decreased by Alum cotreatment. Considering the immunostimulatory activities of these cytokines and the ability of IL-1beta to act as adjuvant, our results suggest a mechanism for the adjuvanticity of Alum.
Deletional Analysis of the Murine IL-12 p35 Promoter Comparing IFN-γ and Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation

IL-12, pivotal to the development of Th1 cells and formed by association of p35 and p40 subunits, is made by macrophages and the macrophage cell line RAW264.7. In this study, the promoter for p35 was cloned and analyzed. The murine IL-12 p35 gene has promoters upstream from each of the first two exons. The exon 1 and exon 2 promoters, cloned into a reporter vector, were responsive to LPS or IFN-gamma/CD40 ligation in transfected RAW264.7 cells. The exon 2 promoter containing bp -809 to +1 has significant homology to the human p35 promoter. Thus, deletion analysis was performed to determine the regions required for responsiveness to LPS, CD40, and/or IFN-gamma. Base pairs -809 to -740 influenced responsiveness to LPS. In contrast, bp -740to -444 and bp -122 to -100 were required for responses to IFN-gamma, IFN-gamma/LPS, or IFN-gamma/CD40 ligation. Removal of bp -444 to -392 increased the response of the exon 2 promoter to each stimulant. IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-1 is involved in the activity of this promoter at bp -108 to -103 because levels of nuclear IRF-1 correlated with exon 2 promoter activity in response to IFN-gamma and IRF-1 overexpression stimulated and enhanced exon 2 promoter activity. Also, site or deletion mutation of the IRF-1 element at bp -108 to -103 reduced the responsiveness of the promoter and IRF-1 bound to an oligonucleotide containing bp -108 to -103. The data suggest that the response of the p35 promoter to IFN-gamma requires a distinct IRF-1 positive regulatory element at bp -108 to -103.
New Data Types and Operations to Support Geo-streams

The volume of real-time streaming data produced by geo-referenced sensors and sensor networks is staggeringly large and growing rapidly. Queries on these geo-streams often require tracking spatio-temporal extent (e.g. evolving region) continuously in real time. The notion of real-time monitoring and notification requires support from a database capable of tracking and querying dynamic and transient spatio-temporal events as well as static spatial objects and sending out real-time notifications. In this paper, we leverage the work in data type based spatio-temporal databases and propose new data types called STREAM and their abstract semantics to support geo-stream applications. New operations on STREAM data types are defined and illustrated by embedding them into SQL.
Black Women, Cultural Images and Social Policy by Julia Jordan-Zachery

In her text Black Women, Cultural Images and Social Policy, Julia Jordan-Zachery attempts to understand the myriad ways in which dominant discourses about Black women's sexuality, and by extension ...
Generalized Discharge Relations for Cutthroat Flumes

A group of Cutthroat flumes was rated under both free flow and submerged flow conditions. Generalized discharge rating curves can be developed due to the simplicity of the structure and the geometric similarity between flume sizes. Twelve flumes were used in this study, including three flume lengths of 1.5 ft (0.45 m), 3 ft (0.90 m), and 4.5 ft (1.35 m), with four different throat widths for each length. In addition, the flume sizes were selected so as to permit correlation with the initial Cutthroat flume studies, wherein a flume length of 9 ft. (2.7 m), and throat widths varying from 1 ft (0.3 m) to 6 ft (1.8 m), were studied.
Elevated serum ferritin in the altered ferrokinetics of toxemia of pregnancy

The serum concentration of ferritin in 11 patients with toxemia of pregnancy was compared to that of normal women in the early third trimester of pregnancy and in labor at term. The mean concentration of ferritin for toxemic patients was 91.8 ng/ml compared to 18.4 ng/ml and 19.4 ng/ml for the two control groups, respectively. The biochemical and physiologic features of ferritin are reviewed, and the relationship between iron and ferritin is discussed. Despite elevated serum levels of ferritin in toxemia, it is noted to be less reflective of the clinical course of the syndrome than serum ion.
Experimental Analysis of Normative Individuals

A series of experiments was performed for the purpose of examining the predictive power of the model. A subject is given a questionnaire about two conflicting people known to him. In some cases, the relation of ethical priority is given in the text, in others a subject has to indicate the ethical priority of one of the two people in the experimental questionnaire or their equality. The subject has to rely on his ethical intuition and transform it into a decision about ethical priority. When the subject has given an overall judgment about ethical priority, we ask him a programmed series of questions and use the answers to determine algorithmically a unique structure designed to represent the interaction as seen by the subject. The model predicts that the overall judgment will be consistent with the ethical status computed from the model if the correct ethical variant (of the two possibilities) is used to interpret the subject’s answers. Thus, we can see which of the two ethical systems best represents each subject’s choice. If one system consistently outperforms the other and also makes good predictions, its validity is argued. That is, according to the answers on the questionnaire, the formula of the interaction is constructed, and the relationships of ethical priority are found. Then we can establish whether the formula predicts that ethical priority which was indicated by a subject or given before the experiment began.
Five Takes on District of Columbia v. Heller

Part of an Ohio State Law Journal symposium on the Supreme Court's decision finding an individual right to arms in District of Columbia v. Heller, this article offers five takes on what the Heller decision might mean, and how it may play out in lower courts. First, we argue that Heller essentially followed the prevailing national consensus on the meaning of the Second Amendment. Second, we argue that this fact furnishes an important data point for those who argue that the Court usually follows, rather than leads, public opinion on disputed matters; and that, when it invalidates laws, it does so with respect to policy outliers. Third, we speculate on what has already opened up as the second front in gun rights litigation strategy: the incorporation of the Second Amendment through the Fourteenth Amendment. Fourth, we discuss how lower courts will likely treat Heller-will they apply it or, as has happened with other "landmark" Supreme Court cases, ignore it? Finally, we discuss the notable incongruities among the Justices that Heller produced.
Theoretical equivalence in classical mechanics and its relationship to duality

Abstract As a prolegomenon to understanding the sense in which dualities are theoretical equivalences, we investigate the intuitive ‘equivalence’ of hyper-regular Lagrangian and Hamiltonian classical mechanics. We show that the symplectification of these theories (via Tulczyjew׳s Triple) provides a sense in which they are (1) isomorphic, and (2) mutually and canonically definable through an analog of ‘common definitional extension’.
Response-Inhibition Capacity and Short-Term Memory are Robust to the Effects of High Fat Diet (HFD) during Pre and Periadolescence

Several lines of evidence demonstrate that high fat diet exposure can be detrimental to cognition across the lifespan. We have previously shown that context-stimulus learning is sensitive to high fat diet effects during adolescence but not adulthood. In the present study we determined if pre and periadolescent high fat diet exposure interferes with response-inhibition capacity, rule-learning, and memory during adulthood. Rats were fed a high fat or low fat diet during pre and periadolescence and completed behavioral testing as adults to assess response-inhibition capacity and reinforcer efficacy rule-learning and short-term memory. Results indicate pre and periadolescent high fat diet may have long-term effects on reinforcer efficacy and sustained attention. However, results indicate that either the pre and periadolescence period is too short for a high fat diet to induce long-term deficits in response-inhibition, rule-learning, or memory, or that maturation in the absence of a high fat diet rescued these deficits.