cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polonium-210 Analyses of Vegetables, Cured and Uncured Tobacco, and Associated Soils

Analysis of the edible portion of vegetables and samples of green leaf tobacco failed to show polonium-210. The cured samples of leaf tobacco and the soils that were analyzed all contained small quantities of the element. Muck soils contained three times as much Po(210) as did mineral soils. Solutions used commonly to extract "available" forms of many mineral elements failed to extract a detectable amount of Po(2l0). Indications are that Po(210) or its radioactive precursors are not taken up from the soil directly by plant roots but rather by sorption in dead, moist plant materials at the atmosphere-plant interface.
Meal Skipping Patterns and Nutrient Intakes of Rural Southern Elderly

Dietary practices, a 24-hr food recall, self-reported health status, perceived well-being, and socioeconomic data were collected from 2890 rural elders selected from 11 southern states by a stratified randomization method based on income and population. Overall nutrient intakes were low, especially energy and calcium, and 16.3% of respondents consumed fewer than three meals daily. Though meal skippers snacked more frequently, their nutrient intakes were signficantly lower than those of three-meal eaters. Meal skippers were more likely to be smokers, younger elders, females, those who ate alone and those with less education, higher BMI, and lower self-rated quality of well-being, especially economic and social well-being.
Model for ER chaperone dynamics and secretory protein interactions

Expression of proteins in eucaryotic systems is often the only way to ensure the correct folding and processing necessary for protein function. Heterologous proteins, however, are commonly retained in the secretory pathway, so that secreted product yield is low despite a high level of transcription. A major limiting step in protein secretion is protein folding in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. This process is assisted by accessory macromolecules resident in this compartment, including chaperones such as the hsp70 homologue binding protein (BiP). Although induction of foreign proteins in yeast initially elicits a transient increase in local chaperone concentration, long-term protein expression lowers both chaperone and secreted product. A mechanistic model that can account for the experimentally observed role of BiP in secretion and the effects of BiP overexpression on the secretory pathway is described here. The model predicts that equimolar synthesis of chaperone and foreign protein should optimize protein secretion.
Concentration of shearing deformation related to changes in strike of monoclinal fold axes: the Waterpocket monocline, Utah

Abstract Detailed field investigation of the Waterpocket monocline within the Utah portion of the Colorado Plateau reveals a strong correlation between abrupt changes in the trend of the monoclinal fold axis and enhanced fault development within the Navajo Sandstone. Faults within the bends of the fold axis range in scale from individual deformation bands to large, complex fault zones visible on 1:40,000 scale aerial photographs. Slip vectors on faults within the bends examined range from nearly pure strike-slip to subequal amounts of strike-slip and dip-slip offset. The spatial density and size of individual faults decrease rapidly away from the fold axis bends. We interpret the abrupt variations in fold axis orientations to result from segmentation of the basement faults underlying the monocline or similarly oriented bends in the basement faults. In this regard, the structures observed within the Navajo Sandstone are transfer structures developed above relay zones of the basement fault segments. The exact nature of the deformation at a given bend depends upon the geometry and kinematic history of the fault segments at depth. Variations in the proportion of strike-slip and dip-slip offset on these faults suggest that variables such as the orientation of the bend with respect to the direction of maximum compressive stress during the Laramide and details of the geometry of adjacent basement fault segments may form important controls on the nature and distribution of secondary structures in the folded strata. The results of this study highlight the need to consider along-strike variations in fold geometry in addition to considering the effects of cross-sectional fold shape when assessing fold-related fracturing.
Principles of percutaneous paravalvular leak closure

Paravalvular regurgitation affects 5% to 17% of all surgically implanted prosthetic heart valves. Patients who have paravalvular regurgitation can be asymptomatic or present with hemolysis or heart failure, or both. Reoperation is associated with increased morbidity and is not always successful because of underlying tissue friability, inflammation, or calcification. Comprehensive echocardiographic imaging with transthoracic and real-time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography is key for characterizing the defect location, size, and shape. For paramitral defects, an antegrade transseptal approach can usually be guided by biplane fluoroscopy, and real-time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography can usually be performed successfully. Alternative approaches to paramitral defects include retrograde transaortic cannulation or transapical access and retrograde cannulation. For oblong or crescentic defects, the simultaneous or sequential deployment of 2 smaller devices, as opposed to 1 large device, results in a higher degree of procedural success and safety because the risk of impingement on the prosthetic leaflets is minimized. Most para-aortic defects can be approached in a retrograde manner and closed with a single device. With careful anatomical assessment, procedural planning, and procedural execution, successful closure rates of 90% or more should be attainable with a low risk of device impingement on the prosthetic valve or embolization.
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis as a manifestation of cholinergic urticaria

Abstract Two patients presented with a history of exercise-induced hypotension associated with severe pruritus and either generalized urticaria or facial angioedema. Each patient was exercised under controlled conditions with use of a bicycle ergometer exerciser (900 KPM/min) for 20 to 30 min at 23 C. Each patient complained of generalized pruritus and then erupted in lesions typical of cholinergic urticaria. In one patient the lesions became confluent about the face and were followed by eyelid edema, lip swelling, and transient hypotension. Plasma histamine levels were elevated in each patient and reached a maximal level between 20 and 25 min. Neither patient had a change in forced expiratory volume in one second during the episode and detailed pulmonary function testing in one patient revealed no change in airway resistance, specific Conductance, forced expiratory vital capacity, or forced expiratory flow rates. One patient had a positive methacholine chloride (Mecholyl) skin test with satellite lesions, and the second patiem was skin-test negative. The skin test-positive patient, who was not hypotensioe when initially challenged, was strenuously exercised for 15 min/day. Progressively less severe reactions were seen associated with diminished histamine release, and the patient is now on a dailv exercise program, symptoms in the second patient are controlled with hydroxazine. Our results indicate that some patients with the exercise-induced anaphylactic syndrome are unusual examples of severe cholinergic urticaria. Furthermore, the utility q1 a regular exercise program as part of the management of some patients with cholinergic urticaria requires, further investigation.
Intraoperative Hypothermia and Post-Cesarean Wound Infection

Abstract Objective: To determine whether intraoperative hypothermia during cesarean delivery is a risk factor for wound infection. Methods: Eighteen cases with wound infection and 18 controls matched for age, weight, presence of gestational hypertension, and surgery length were selected from a cohort of 900 women who underwent cesarean delivery and who were assessed for wound infection according to strict criteria. Because immediate postoperative temperatures reflect intraoperative temperature nadir accurately and were available universally, we compared the mean immediate postoperative temperatures between cases and controls. Results: In addition to the intentionally matched factors, the groups were well-matched for race, parity, presence of labor, presence of meconium, and duration of membrane rupture. The mean initial postoperative temperatures were similar between the two groups (36.3 ± 0.9C versus 36.6 ± 1.0C, respectively; P = .8). This study had a power of 90% to detect an intergroup difference of 1C. Conclusion: In this case-control study of cesarean delivery, intraoperative hypothermia was not a risk factor for wound infection.
Examination of the cerebral palsy patient with foot and ankle problems

In this review of the examination of the foot and ankle in the cerebral palsy patient, we attempt to identify the findings important in orthopaedic decision making. This discussion is based upon personal experience of the authors and review of the literature. We stress the need for careful examination and observation in these often confusing patients.
Movies and the Mystery of the Missing Trade: Is Hollywood Good for U.S. Exporters?

Research has shown that consumers have a preference for goods based on the origin of production. This is important because it suggests that, in some cases, even lowering trade barriers may not significantly increase trade flows. In particular, flows may be lower than are predicted by trade theories such as Heckscher-Ohlin. Despite evidence that home consumption bias exists in many countries, it is only recently that research has begun to examine the sources of this bias. This article fills a gap in the literature by testing a model that addresses the source of this consumption bias. The paper's model incorporates consumers' exposure to foreign products and culture through media imports and tourist visits as factors affecting consumers' preferences for foreign products. Using panel data from 19 countries, the article's results support the hypothesis that lagged exports of U.S. movies have a positive impact on other U.S. exports. Some evidence is also found of a positive effect of tourist visits on U.S. exp...
Diethylamine extraction of proteins and peptides isolated with a mono-phasic solution of phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate.

Representative extraction of both RNA and protein from a single biological sample is required for reliable assessment of coordinated changes in gene and protein expression. Such a simultaneous extraction can be performed by using Trizol® Reagent. Here, we demonstrate that, as an alternative to SDS, 2% diethylamine is an effective solvent, which can be conveniently used in extraction of Trizol®-isolated proteins from various tissues. Diethylamine provides efficient extraction of proteins and compatibility with a variety of common downstream analytical applications.
PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON FROM THE GULF OF MAINE.

We have measured the photosynthetic assimilation of 14C-carbon dioxide into (1) ethanol-soluble, (2) hot-trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble (polysaccharide), and (3) protein fractions of natural populations of marine phytoplankton. Diurnal studies showed a continuing incorporation of carbon-14 into the protein fraction during hours of darkness. This was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the proportion assimilated into polysaccharide. When incorporation was measured under constant experimental conditions, the pattern of photosynthesis did not vary from one time of day to another. At one station approximately 12 km south of Boothbay Harbor, the proportion of carbon entering protein showed marked seasonal changes. During the winter, approximately 10 to 20% of the fixed carbon was incorporated into protein. During the summer the value increased to 22 to 35%. Between these times, a transient high value of 37 to 47% of the fixed carbon entering protein coincided with the spring bloom. The increases in proportion incorporated into protein were largely paralleled by equivalent decreases in the polysaccharide fraction. The proportion of carbon incorporated into protein during photosynthesis also increased markedly at reduced light intensities. This increase occurred both when populations were incubated in neutral-density filters and when incubated at increasing depths in the photic zone. There was little consistent and significant difference between the neutral-density filters and depth in the water column, suggesting a minimal role for light quality. The extent of the increased relative rate of protein synthesis at the lower light intensities depended on the nutritional state of the phytoplankton. For example, summer populations from water containing low concentrations of inorganic nutrients responded less dramatically to reduced light intensities than did populations from nutrient-rich waters.
Tempered Radicals and Servant Leaders: Black Females Persevering in the Superintendency:

Despite the small numbers of Black female superintendents and the overwhelming obstacles of the position, Black women who serve as public school superintendents continue to meet the challenges of educational leadership and are flourishing in their jobs. As noted in previous research on Black women in the superintendency and Black female leaders in general, there remains a paucity of research. What is it about these women that keeps them in these positions? This article will focus on Black female superintendents’ persistence in their positions in relation to the concepts of tempered radicalism and servant leadership.
Tracking rates of transcription and splicing in vivo

A relatively simple but powerful method to measure RNA polymerase II transcription elongation as well as co-transcriptional RNA splicing rates at many genes in vivo is described in this issue. The results demonstrate a rather uniform, and high, elongation rate at large human genes and co-transcriptional pre-mRNA splicing of both U2- and U12-dependent primary transcripts.
Hyperfiltration studies XIII. Parametric study of hyperfiltration in tubular systems with high permeability membranes (1)

Abstract A parametric study of hyperfiltration was carried out which emphasizes high-flux membranes. Relative costs have been computed at optimum flow conditions by use of a Fortran computer program (“HYPFIL”) which deals with a single-stage hyperfiltration system with tubular membranes under turbulent flow conditions. The parametric study dealt largely with the following variables: membrane permeability and rejection, feed concentration (restricted to relatively dilute brackish waters), plant geometry, temperature, and economic parameters. High permeability membranes can lead to low cost water, even if salt rejection of the membrane is relatively modest, provided the intrinsic rejection of the membrane is well above the minimum theoretically required. High-temperature operation may lead to substantially lower hyperfiltration treatment costs. Use of operating pressures below optimum pressures (often required by membrane characteristics) causes a cost penalty: one advantage of high-flux membranes is that they could permit matching of membrane characteristics to optimum pressure operation.
Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat as Influenced by Chlormequat Chloride and Ethephon

(...) The CCC application reduced culm and total phytomass by 9% at GS 45, whereas ethephon reduced spike and total phytomass by 10 and 8% at GS 55 and GS 75, respectively. Neither PGR had an effect on total or component phytomass at harvest In 1985, a year when no lodging occurred, ethephon and CCC yielded the same compared with the yield of the check (6.12, 6.60, and 6.39 Mg ha -1 , respectively) (...)
Effects of repeated deep inspirations on recovery from methacholine-induced airway narrowing in normal subjects.

Background. A single deep inspiration (DI) is known to be a potent bronchodilator but it is not known if repeated DI can accelerate sustained recovery from bronchoconstriction. Methods. We induced sustained bronchoconstriction using increasing concentrations of nebulized methacholine (Mch) during tidal breathing and assessed airway narrowing by measuring respiratory resistance (Rrs) using forced oscillation in six healthy subjects. On separate days we examined the effects of DI every 3 minutes and of prohibition of DI on recovery of Rrs for 30 minutes after the end of Mch nebulization. Results. Bronchoconstriction (Rrs ∼ 150% above baseline) was induced. DI during recovery had a transient bronchodilator effect but no cumulative effect. At 30 minutes after end of nebulization (and 2 minutes after the last DI) Rrs was 87% above baseline compared to 93% above baseline when DI was prohibited. Conclusion. Recovery from induced bronchoconstriction with methacholine was slow (∼ 2%/min) and not accelerated by fre...
UV-A1 Phototherapy Improves Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy

A 47-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of progressive tightening of the skin on her legs. The tightening of her skin had begun 2 weeks after she was hospitalized for acute renal failure precipitated by therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. She had no history of renal disease or medical conditions that would predispose her to the organ failure. During her hospitalization, she was treated with supportive therapy only and did not require hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Her renal function normalized, but the skin fibrosis continued to worsen. We initially examined her approximately 2 months after the onset of her skin disease. At the time, she had orangered indurated plaques on both thighs and the lower part of her legs. The range of motion of her knees was diminished so much that ambulation had become difficult. She denied any signs or symptoms of photosensitivity, Raynaud symptom, or esophageal dysfunction. Serologic evaluation includedanti-Scl70, anti-Sm,anti-ribonucleoprotein, anti-Ro, anti-La, and serum protein electrophoresis, the results of which were all negative. A skin biopsy specimen from an affected area revealed diffuse fibroblastic proliferation, with increased collagen and mucin in the dermis. These changes were consistent with nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy (NFD). THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGE
Coagulopathy Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury

Coagulopathy is often observed after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the pathogenic mechanisms of this phenomenon remain elusive. Brain injury is the leading cause of trauma deaths, and the development of coagulopathy after TBI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in these patients. The coagulopathy after TBI comprises a hypocoagulable and a hypercoagulable state with hemorrhagic and thrombotic phenotypes that are both associated with worse outcome. Some theories of its pathogenesis include massive release of tissue factor, altered protein C homeostasis, microparticle upregulation, and platelet hyperactivity. This article aims to examine the coagulopathy associated with blunt head injury, to review its effect on progression of hemorrhagic injury, and to discuss the possible relevant pathophysiological mechanisms.
75-year-old man with progressive shortness of breath on exertion.

A 75-year-old man was referred for evaluation of shortness of breath with exertion for the past 2 years, worsening over the past 3 months. He had extremely limited effort tolerance but denied a history of dyspnea at rest, chest pain, syncope, or palpitations. The patient’s medical history was notable for treated hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patient had a long history of moderate alcohol use, and he accumulated 75-packyears of tobacco use before quitting 30 years ago. Physical examination revealed an elderly man with a body mass index of 23 (determined by the patient’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his height in meters). He was in no acute distress; his blood pressure was 108/68 mm Hg; his pulse rate was 98/min and regular. Carotid upstrokes were normal. Cardiac examination was notable for a sustained apical impulse, an S 3 heart sound, an S 4 apical gallop, a grade 2/6 crescendo-decrescendo early systolic murmur best heard at the apex but also audible in the right sternal border and the right clavicle, and a single S 2 . No heaving was noted. The jugular venous pressure was elevated up to the angle of the mandible with the patient sitting up at a 45-degree angle, and hepatojugular reflux was present. Pulmonary examination revealed reduced breath sounds, basal inspiratory crackles, and dullness to percussion in the lower lobe of the right lung. Extremities revealed bilateral 2+ pitting edema. The remainder of the physical examination was unremarkable. Chest radiography showed cardiomegaly and right-sided pleural effusion. Electrocardiography on admission showed left atrial enlargement and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy with secondary ST-T changes. Laboratory data were remarkable for an elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level of 2400 pg/mL (reference range, <76 pg/mL).
Solitary waves and polynomial potentials

Abstract We generate a new family of bidimensional scalar field theories with polynomial interactions. Particular interest is devoted to solitary-wave solutions interpolating between adjacent minima of the potential. Our family includes the well-known cases of φ 4 and φ 6 models.
Superconductor-substrate interactions of the Y–Ba–Cu oxide

The chemical interactions between the YBa2Cu3O7−x high Tc superconductor and various substrates (Si, Al2O3, ZrO2, SrTiO3, MgO, Ag, Cu, and Nb) were studied. Powders of the orthorhombic YBa2Cu3O7−x (123) phase and each of the various substrates were mixed, pressed into pellets, and subjected to either one of the following heat treatments in flowing oxygen: 600 °C for 11 h, 800 °C for 10 h, 945 °C for 5 h, and 945 °C for 17 h. The reacted samples were characterized by qualitative and quantitative x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with EDAX, electrical resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. For all substrates studied, the extent of reaction is much more significant at 945 °C than at 800 °C and 600 °C. The reaction products, in general, are some Ba compounds, CuO (and Cu2O), and the Y2BaCuO5 (211) phase. The reaction with Si results in a morphology of layers of 123/211/Ba2SiO4/CuO/Si. Reactions with Al2O3 and ZrO2 result in similar products and morphologies. Reaction with SrTiO3 results in the replacement of Ba by Sr and the formation of a Ba–Ti–Y–Cu unknown phase. With MgO, the chemical reaction results in the enrichment of MgO with Cu and the formation of an apparently glassy Ba–Cu phase. With the metallic substrates Ag, Cu, and Nb, Ag shows no interaction at all, Cu results in the formation of CuO (and Cu2O), whereas the Nb samples completely disintegrated. By comparing the percentage of remaining 123 phase in samples reacted at 945 ° for 17 h, a reactivity scale in decreasing order was obtained as Nb > Si > ZrO2  Al2O3 > SrTiO3 > MgO  Cu > Ag. It is suggested that the chemical reactivity of the Y–Ba–Cu oxide superconductor is mostly controlled by the highly electropositive Ba2+ ions.
FINITE STRAIN, ANISOTROPIC MODIFIED CAM CLAY MODEL WITH PLASTIC SPIN. I: THEORY

There are several approaches that can take into account the micromechanical and anisotropic behavior of soils. One is Dafalias's plastic spin approach. It is a convenient approach that utilizes an internal variable called “the plastic spin tensor.” The plastic spin is a function of the embedded stress (back stress) that causes the induced anisotropy and, consequently, the isotropic soil models cannot account for it. This paper presents a formulation of the plastic spin and related constitutive equations based on Dafalias's “anisotropic modified Cam clay model” with an updated Lagrangian reference frame. The required parameters are the typical consolidation and stress-strain parameters. The only additional parameters used in this work are the back-stress parameters c and x. These features are relatively simple and easy to use compared to other models.
A Bland-Altman Analysis of the Bias Between Computed Tomography and Ultrasound Prostate Volume Measurements

This study assesses the agreement between computed tomography (CT) measurements of prostate volume and those obtained by ultrasound (US), a well-established non-invasive technique. Twenty-six patients aged between 58 and 74 years were evaluated for prostate seed implant therapy using both CT and US measurements. The level of agreement between these 2 methods, which were strongly correlated (R{sup 2} = 0.828; p < 0.0001), was determined through Bland-Altman analysis. The mean prostate volume ({+-} one standard deviation) of the sample was 31.8 {+-} 10.5 cc for the CT method and 27.0 {+-} 8.2 cc for the US method. The prostate volumes obtained by CT were, on average, 17% larger than the corresponding volumes determined by US. The average bias between the 2 imaging methods is 4.80 cc or 15%, which is significantly larger than the clinically acceptable margin of 10%.
ERK, Akt, and STAT5 are Differentially Activated by the Two Growth Hormone Receptor Subtypes of a Teleost Fish (Oncorhynchus Mykiss).

Previously, we found that the teleost fish, rainbow trout, possesses two growth hormone receptor (GHR) subtypes that display distinct ligand binding and agonist-induced regulation features. In this study, we used Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells stably transfected individually with the two trout GHR subtypes, GHR1 and GHR2, to elucidate receptor-effector pathway linkages. Growth hormone (GH) stimulated rapid (5-10 min) phosphorylation of ERK, Akt, JAk2, and STAT5 in both GHR1- and GHR2-expressing cells; however; STAT5 was activated to a greater extent through GHR1 than through GHR2, whereas ERK and Akt were activated to a greater through GHR2 than through GHR1. Although blockade of the ERK pathway had no effect on the activation of Akt, inhibition of PI3k-Akt partially prevented activation of ERK, suggesting cross-talk between the ERK and PI3K-Akt pathways. JAK2 inhibition completely blocked activation of ERK, Akt, and STAT5, suggesting that all of these pathways link to GHR1 and GHR2 via JAK2. These findings establish important receptor-effector pathway linkages and suggest that the GHR subtypes of teleost fish may be functionally distinct.
Anisotropic Heat Conduction Effects in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

The focus of this work is to study the effects of anisotropic thermal conductivity and thermal contact conductance on the overall temperature distribution inside a fuel cell. The gas-diffusion layers and membrane are expected to possess an anisotropic thermal conductivity, whereas a contact resistance is present between the current collectors and gas-diffusion layers. A two-dimensional single phase model is used to capture transport phenomena inside the cell. From the use of this model, it is predicted that the maximum temperatures inside the cell can be appreciably higher than the operating temperature of the cell. A high value of the in-plane thermal conductivity for the gas-diffusion layers was seen to be essential for achieving smaller temperature gradients. However, the maximum improvement in the heat transfer characteristics of the fuel cell brought about by increasing the in-plane thermal conductivity is limited by the presence of a finite thermal contact conductance at the diffusion layer/current collector interface. This was determined to be even more important for thin gas-diffusion layers. Anisotropic thermal conductivity of the membrane, however, did not have a significant impact on the temperature distribution. The thermal contact conductance at the diffusion layer/current collector interface strongly affected the temperature distribution inside the cell.
Heterogeneous oxidative degradation in irradiated polymers

Abstract : When polymeric materials are irradiated in the presence of air, oxygen-diffusion effects can, depending upon dose rate, lead to oxidative degradation which occurs only near the edges. This report describes the use of several recently developed techniques which are of general use for studying heterogeneous degradation in commercial polymeric materials. The techniques discussed are: optical evaluation of cross-sectioned, polished samples; cross-sectional profiling of changes in relative hardness; and profiling of density changes. Oxidation penetration depths are given for a number of major polymer types as a function of dose rate. A detailed example is given graphically illustrating the effects of differing oxidative penetration depths on the radiation-degradation behavior of a Viton(R) O-ring material; this particular material becomes hard and brittle when irradiated at high dose rate. but soft and stretchable when irradiated at low dose rates. jg p4
A general conditional-logistic model for affected-relative-pair linkage studies.

Summary Model-free LOD-score methods are often employed to detect linkage between marker loci and common diseases, with samples of affected sib pairs. Although extensions of the basic one-disease-locus model have been proposed that allow separate inclusion of other types of affected relative pairs, discordant relative pairs, covariates, or additional disease loci, a unified framework that can handle all of these features has been lacking. In this report, I propose a conditional-logistic parameterization that generalizes easily to include all of these features. Two data examples, one using simulated data and one using type 1 diabetes, illustrate applications of the models.
Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I in Cows at Different Stages of Lactation and in Late Lactation Cows Treated with Somatotropin

Relative amounts of IGF-I mRNA were measured in livers of Holstein cows at different stages of lactation (6 early, 6 mid, 6 late lactation, 6 dry) and 6 late lactation cows treated with bST for 1 wk. Milk yield was greater for early lactation cows than for mid and late lactation controls. All cows except those in early lactation were in positive energy balance. Serum IGF-I increased as lactation progressed and was greatest during the dry period. Liver IGF-I mRNA was less in cows in early than in late lactation but greater in lactating than in dry cows. Treatment with bST increased milk yield and concentrations of serum IGF-I, hepatic IGF-I mRNA, and serum IGF-binding protein-3, decreased concentration of serum IGF-binding protein-2, and did not alter abundance of mammary IGF-I mRNA. These parallel changes in serum IGF-I and hepatic IGF-I mRNA suggest that exogenous bST increases IGF-I synthesis in liver of cows during late lactation and that IGF-I synthesis is depressed during early lactation when cows are in negative energy balance. We conclude that IGF-I may play an endocrine role in mediating galactopoietic effects of exogenous bST during late lactation. However, the role of IGF-I during early lactation remains unclear.
Paleoecological evidence of human impacts on the Neuse and Pamlico estuaries of North Carolina, USA

Sediment cores were collected from the Neuse and Pamlico River estuaries, North Carolina, at seven different sites, and the data show strong anthropogenic influence on water quality. The sediments from these cores were dated using210Pb,137Cs,14C, and pollen horizon techniques. Specific parameters investigated include bulk density, sedimentation rates, diatom assemblage changes, nutrient and trace metal flux, and vegetation changes as recorded in the pollen record. The greatest increases in sedimentation, nutrient and metal flux and changes in diatom assemblages have occurred in the past 50–60 yr in the Pamlico and Neuse. Diatom diversity has decreased and small planktonic forms have become dominant over time, most likely due to eutrophication and increased turbidity and sedimentation. Major changes occur before phytoplankton surveys and monitoring were initiated. Overall trends are similar to those found in Chesapeake Bay, although the time frame of major changes is more recent. Dominant small planktonic diatom species differ between Chesapeake Bay and the Neuse and Pamlico. Variance in paleoecological indicators between these mid-Atlantic estuaries may be due to geomorphology and land use history.
Can Viewshare Be Used as a Research Network Visualization Tool? A Case Study Based on STEM Departments at Texas A&M University

The use of open source platforms based on Linked Data principles allows for data collection, manipulation, and visualization of bibliographic information, and, in particular, authoritative authorship data. Viewshare was utilized to discover authorship patterns and trends among faculty members of the science, geoscience, and engineering colleges at Texas AM patterns in hiring trends over time; and coverage of Texas A&M University faculty members in the National Authority File. These results demonstrate how librarians can utilize Linked Data platforms, such as Viewshare, for assessment of research patterns and productivity, thereby supporting campus analysis of institutional effectiveness. They also provide data useful for library operations, including creation of authority records and refining collection development approaches.
Selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 on iron zeolite monolithic catalysts: Steady-state and transient kinetics

Abstract An experimental study of steady-state and transient selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 on both commercial and in-house synthesized Fe-ZSM-5 (MFI type) monolith catalysts is presented. The reaction system was studied in a bench-flow reactor spanning a range of temperature, space velocity and washcoat thickness, affording an assessment of activity and selectivity, reaction pathways, temperature window, mass transport and pore diffusion effects. Experiments included NH3 uptake and temperature-programmed desorption, steady-state and transient NO and NH3 oxidation and standard SCR (NO + NH3 + O2) reaction studies. Differential kinetics studies were performed for the standard SCR reaction and NO oxidation reaction systems to determine reaction orders and activation energies. In the temperature range of 200–300 °C the standard SCR reaction was found to be nearly first-order and half-order with respect to NO and O2, respectively, but moderately negative-order (−0.3) with respect to NH3. Agreement in the kinetics for both reaction systems suggests that the oxidation of NO is the rate determining step, in line with recent literature studies. Rate inhibition by ammonia appears to be the result of blockage of NO oxidation reaction sites; a necessary step for the standard SCR reaction. Water is shown to inhibit the oxidation of NO significantly and of NH3 to a moderate extent, while having only a negligible effect on the standard SCR reaction. A mechanistic-based kinetic model is proposed in which NH3 reacts with surface bound NO2 and nitrous acid via a NH4NO2 intermediate. A mechanism in which gaseous NO reacts with adsorbed oxygen (Eley Rideal like reaction) cannot be ruled out. In the absence of NH3 these surface species inhibit the adsorption of NO and/or O2 during NO oxidation. Both external mass transfer limitations and washcoat diffusion limitations were ruled out for moderate temperature conditions (≤300 °C). However, experiments on monoliths with different washcoat thicknesses conclusively show the appearance of washcoat diffusion limitations at higher temperatures.
Effect of low-dose reactor radiation on the dynamic mechanical behavior of pyrolytic graphite.

Low dose reactor irradiation effect on temperature dependence of dynamic modulus and internal friction of as-deposited pyrolytic graphite
Anthropological Perspectives on Judaism: A Comparative Review

How has the discipline of anthropology studied Judaism? This review provides a brief overview of the variety of approaches the discipline has taken to the subject of Jewish religion, society and culture. By situating these approaches in their historical, political and geographic locations, I offer a comparative look at the development of a sub-discipline of the anthropology of religion. In addition to providing a comparative review of the sub-discipline, I also highlight theoretical issues which remain central to the anthropological study of Judaism. These include: reflexivity in the writing of Jewish ethnography, the conceptual problem inherent in using ‘religion’ as the category through which many scholars define Judaism, the place of Judaism in anthropological theories of Diaspora and, lastly, the overemphasis on the notion of ‘memory’ in so many Jewish ethnographies.
Restricted Relaxation in Polymer Nanocomposites near the Glass Transition

The relaxation behavior of organically modified layered silicate−epoxy nanocomposites was studied using a combination of standard and temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry. For such nanocomposites, the silicate layers were intercalated in the matrix resin and epoxy networks were grafted onto the silicate layer surfaces. Enthalpy recovery that occurred during physical aging was used as a probe to detect restricted relaxation behavior in the nanocomposites. Addition of the intercalated nanoparticles resulted in a slower overall relaxation rate and a wider distribution of relaxation times. The nanocomposites also showed a higher glass transition temperature compared to that of the unreinforced resin. To explain the observed results, a domain relaxation model was proposed that included three possible relaxation modes. On the basis of this model, the restricted relaxation arising from intercalated and exfoliated layered silicates can be understood.
Role of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Hypertension and Diabetes

The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes are both rising in the USA and around the globe. The treatment of hypertension in the ambulatory setting begins with proper blood pressure measurement, and often the involvement of home blood pressure monitoring. If the diagnosis of hypertension is confirmed, then education on lifestyle modifications is the foundation to reaching blood pressure goals. If it is unclear, then ambulatory blood pressure monitoring should be performed to properly evaluate daily trends in blood pressure. The National Institute for Health and Clinical excellence (NICE) recommends 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure evaluation in all newly diagnosed patients with hypertension. The much-anticipated JNC 2013, while not likely to endorse this approach, will likely recommend an office goal systolic blood pressure of less than 140 mmHg in patients with diabetes as do the most recent American Diabetes Association clinical practice guidelines. All new guidelines are derived from a critical evidence based evaluation of the available data.
Specular Phonon Scattering from Ferroelectric Domain Walls in KDP

Measurements of the low temperature (T<3K) thermal conductivity of KH2PO2 (KDP) indicate that scattering from domain walls has a large effect on phonon transport. KDP has a ferroelectric phase transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic structure at Tc=123K. Below Tc, domains of opposite electric polarization and crystal orientation form unless the sample is cooled in an electric field. Thermal conductivity measured along the [100] (tetragonal) axis shows a 30% drop when domain walls are present, which is independent of sample size and temperature. This independence could be due to polarization dependent scattering at the domain boundaries. To investigate this possibility, we make use of ballistic phonon imaging techniques. [1]
White-Opaque Switching in Candida albicans Is Controlled by Mating-Type Locus Homeodomain Proteins and Allows Efficient Mating

Abstract Discovered over a decade ago, white-opaque switching in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is an alternation between two quasistable, heritable transcriptional states. Here, we show that white-opaque switching and sexual mating are both controlled by mating type locus homeodomain proteins and that opaque cells mate approximately 10 6 times more efficiently than do white cells. These results show that opaque cells are a mating-competent form of C. albicans and that this pathogen undergoes a white-to-opaque switch as a critical step in the mating process. As white cells are generally more robust in a mammalian host than are opaque cells, this strategy allows the organism to survive the rigors of life within a mammalian host, yet generate mating-competent cells.
QNH: Mesoscale Bounded Derivative Initialization and Winter Storm Test over Complex Terrain

Mesoscale bounded derivative initialization (BDI) is utilized to derive dynamical constraints, from which elliptic equations are formulated to derive smooth initial fields over complex terrain for mesoscale models. The initialization is implemented specifically for the quasi-nonhydrostatic (QNH) model. This study presents the first real data application of the mesoscale BDI and the QNH model to simulate a mesoscale storm that produced heavy precipitation along the Colorado Front Range. In this study, the focus is on (i) smooth numerical solution over complex terrain, (ii) baroclinic instability associated with condensational heating and high mountains, and (iii) the simulation of orographic precipitation. Numerical results show that initial fields derived from BDI were smooth and evolved smoothly in the QNH model for 48 h. It is noteworthy that the smooth solution existed up to the lateral boundaries. During the 48-h simulation, the midtropospheric storm moved freely in and out of the limited-area domain as if there were no lateral boundaries. The mesoscale storm for northeast Colorado was initiated by the persistent upslope easterlies and strong upward motions that triggered heavy precipitation. The simulated precipitation amounts and pattern were in good agreement with those observed. In general, both the large-scale dynamic system and the mesoscale precipitation event evolved smoothly and accurately, which indicates the value of BDI and QNH for mesoscale weather prediction.
Bilateral Import, Export, and Conflict/Cooperation Simultaneity

A mathematical model of dyadic trade and the level of political conflict/cooperation is developed and empirically tested. The model extends the literature in three ways. First, the bilateral trade quantities and the level of conflict/cooperation are simultaneously determined. Second, the commonly used unitary state actor is replaced by a government, an exporter, and an importer in each country in a dyad. Third, action-reaction conflict/cooperation dynamics are incorporated into the model. The model predicts that the effect of bilateral trade quantity on conflict/cooperation and the effect of conflict/cooperation on the monetary value of trade may be positive or negative, whereas the effect of conflict on trade quantity will be negative. These predictions depend on certain conditions, heretofore unrecognized in the literature. The empirical test employs statistical methods, and the results generally support the model's predictions. Overall, this paper suggests that contemporary trade and conflict theories may miss important elements, pointing out the need for richer, more microfounded models.
Wiring efficiency of a metallizable DNA linker for site-addressable nanobioelectronic assembly

We report the first demonstration of DNA oligonucleotide tags used to address the site-specific assembly of multiple redox enzymes onto spatially distinct regions of a nanoelectronic platform, establishing a direct electrical contact. The resulting system constitutes a multiplexed carbon nanotube‐redox protein biosensor capable of detecting varying concentrations of several different substances in real time. The efficiency and robustness of the enzyme linking scheme is explored in detail, showing a high degree of preservation of enzymatic activity and an efficient electrical contact at the enzyme‐nanoelectrode interface. While five proteins have been used as a demonstration in this study, there is virtually no limit to the number of enzymes that could be bound in parallel using this linking strategy, which is universally applicable to all proteins due to the simple conjugation chemistry involved. We further demonstrate metallization of the linker in the presence of a divalent metal cation, inducing elevated electron transfer efficiency relative to the native DNA link. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
A phase 1 study of everolimus plus docetaxel plus cisplatin as induction chemotherapy for patients with locally and/or regionally advanced head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: Activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is common in head and neck cancers, and it has been demonstrated that inhibition of mTOR complex 1 sensitizes cell lines to platinum and taxane chemotherapy. The authors conducted a phase 1 study to evaluate the addition of oral everolimus to cisplatin and docetaxel as induction chemotherapy for head and neck cancer. METHODS: In this single-institution phase 1 study, 3 doses of daily everolimus were explored: 5 mg daily, 7.5 mg daily (administered as 5 mg daily alternating with 10 mg daily), and 10 mg daily of each 21-day cycle. Cisplatin and docetaxel doses were fixed (both were 75 mg/m2 on day 1 of 21-day cycle) at each dose level with pegfilgrastim support. A standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation plan was used. After induction, patients were removed from protocol. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were enrolled (15 men, 3 women), and their median Karnofsky performance status was 90. The most common toxicities were hyperglycemia, low hemoglobin, fatigue, and thrombocytopenia. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were neutropenic fever (1 event at dose level 2, 2 events at dose level 3), and all patients recovered fully from these DLTs. The maximum tolerated dose was exceeded at dose level 3. The progression-free survival rate at 1 year was 87.5% (95% confidence interval, 56.8%-96.7%); and, at 2 years, it was 76.6% (95% confidence interval, 41.2%-92.3%). Activating PI3K catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA) gene mutations were identified in 2 human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancers. CONCLUSIONS: The phase 2 recommended dose was 7.5 mg daily for everolimus plus cisplatin and docetaxel (both at 75 mg/m2 on day 1 of a 21-day cycle) given with pegfilgrastim support. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Case reusing systems — survey, framework and guidelines

The discipline of case-based reasoning develops techniques to retrieve and reuse old solutions for new problems. To reuse solutions, several case adaptation systems have been built and many are under development. They deal with different tasks in different domains, but a methodology is still lacking. From an analysis of up-to-date case adaptation systems, this article moves towards a methodology by providing a common framework and some guidelines. As key issues case adaptation techniques, global strategies, and the tailoring of cases are discussed.
Requirements for an effective reverberation chamber: unloaded or loaded

In this paper, we present two versions of a threshold metric for the purpose of accessing the effectiveness of a reverberation chamber. One metric is based on the chamber quality factor (Q), and the other is based on the volume of the loaded reverberation chamber. These metrics are baseline quantities that must be exceeded in order to have an effective reverberation chamber. These threshold metrics are obtained from two different approaches. The first approach is based on a free-space transmission formulation and the scalar mean power density associated with the "stirred energy" in the chamber and requires that the stirred energy exceeds the unstirred energy throughout most of the chamber volume. The second approach is obtained by requiring that the amplitude of the electric (or magnetic) field satisfies the expected Rayleigh probability density function throughout most of the chamber volume. We present an application of these metrics for the case of a reverberation chamber loaded with spheres composed of lossy materials