cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strategies for the Implementation of JIT Purchasing

In the early 1980s, when the concept of Japanese “just‐in‐time” (JIT) purchasing was introduced in the US, many companies wondered whether or not this new manufacturing philosophy could be successfully implemented here. Top management had a tendency to believe that, although JIT purchasing makes good sense for Japanese companies, it might not be appropriate for US companies, because of sharp contrasts in management style, culture features, social, manufacturing philosophy, and, in some cases, size.
Shear properties and structure of simple liquids in molecularly thin films: The transition from bulk (continuum) to molecular behavior with decreasing film thickness

Abstract A new dynamic technique for use with the surface forces apparatus allows the viscosity of thin films to be measured at very high shear rates. The results show that the shear viscosity of a thin film of the simple Newtonian liquid n-tetradecane between two molecularly smooth mica surfaces is the same, within 10%, as the bulk value down to film thicknesses as small as 10 molecular diameters and at shear rates up to 105 s−1. This indicates that the nonslip plane, or “shear” plane, is located within less than 1 molecular diameter of the solid-liquid interface so long as the film thickness is greater than about 10 molecular diameters. Only for thinner films does the viscosity increase markedly from that expected from continuum behavior. This effect correlates with deviations seen in the continuum van der Waals interactions between surfaces at very small separations (again less than about 10 molecular diameters). We conclude that it is not so much the liquid structuring at isolated surfaces that leads to deviations from continuum behavior in both static and dynamic interactions, but rather the close approach of two surfaces which modifies the liquid structure between the surfaces that leads to these effects. A further conclusion is that the structure, interactions, and mobility of liquid molecules adjacent to one surface are not additive properties on approach of a second surface.
Neuroscience: Excessive mobility interrupted.

Mobile DNA sequences called L1 contribute to the brain's genetic heterogeneity and may affect neuron function. The protein MeCP2, which is mutated in Rett syndrome, seems to regulate the activity of these genomic elements. See Letter p.443 L1 retrotransposons are dynamically regulated and active genomic elements that affect gene expression and neuronal function throughout brain development. According to a new study by Alysson Muotri and colleagues, the absence of MeCP2, a modulator of DNA methylation implicated in several neurodevelopmental disorders, increases L1 retrotransposon activity in rodent models. This increase in susceptibility to L1 retrotransposition is duplicated in iPS cells derived from patients with Rett syndrome. These data correlations suggest that disease-related genetic mutations may influence L1 retrotransposon activity, adding another layer of complexity to our understanding of molecular neurological disorders.
Pressing Issues in College Counseling: A Survey of American College Counseling Association Members

The authors conducted a survey of members of the American College Counseling Association to ascertain the experiences and opinions of college counselors on several pressing issues within the college counseling profession. Survey results from 133 respondents indicated that counseling centers may benefit from increasing the number of group counseling interventions by increasing the multicultural competence of services provided, by implementing crisis/disaster mental health initiatives, and by more effectively consulting with other professionals on campus.
Influence of solvation on dissociation: Metastable unimolecular decomposition of mixed ammonia—acetone cluster ions

Metastable unimolecular decomposition processes of the mixed ammonia—acetone cluster ions are studied using a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer in conjunction with multiphoton ionization. In a time window of a few tens of microseconds, the [(NH3)n·(C3H6O)m]H+, n=1, m=2−5 ions lose one acetone moiety whereas the [(NH3)n·(C3H6O)m]H+, n=2−18, m=1−5 ions lose one ammonia moiety via unimolecular decomposition. The unimolecular decomposition processes are found to be independent of the formation method of the mixed neutral clusters in this study, indicating that the rearrangement process following ion production and the ensuing ion—molecule reactions is rapid compared to the times of observation. The present results show that the cluster ions have a central core corresponding to NH4+, to which the other ligands making up the cluster are bound.
Time-dependent effects using selective-excitation double-Mössbauer techniques with application to α − Fe 2 O 3

Selective-excitation double-M\"ossbauer (SEDM) experiments have been done using powdered scatterers of iron and $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. In addition, calculations have been made to predict the SEDM line shape. These calculations included Rayleigh, incoherent electronic, and thickness effects. The scatterer was assumed to have a six-line M\"ossbauer transmission spectrum. SEDM line shapes are calculated for both static and dynamic $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ nuclear environments. Results for static SEDM line shapes involving one transition show that the scattered radiation consists of a single peak located at the excitation energy for scatterer thicknesses $\ensuremath{\beta}g20$. This is not true in the dynamic case. SEDM procedures are shown to be superior to ordinary M\"ossbauer transmission experiments in determining time-dependent effects in certain cases. We have applied these methods to study the Morin transition in $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Our results show that each iron nucleus is in a fluctuating hyperfine field. The values of the relaxation times at 263.5, 261, 259.5, and 258.5 K are (1.1 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, (2.3 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.4) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, (2.9 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.6) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, and (4.3 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.9) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ sec.
Career Maturity Growth Curve and Sex-Role Stereotypes of Korean Adolescents

This longitudinal study investigated the career maturity growth curve of Korean Adolescents from 4th grade to 12th grade. The participants consisted of 3,241 male and 3,029 female students from the...
Studies on oligosaccharyl transferase in yeast.

In yeast, OT consists of nine different subunits, ail of which contain one or more predicted trans-membrane segments. In yeast, five of these proteins are encoded by essential genes, Swplp, Wb-p1p, Ost2p, Ostlp and Stt3p. Four others are not essential Ost3p, Ost4p, Ost5p, Ost6p. Ail yeast OT subunits have been cloned and sequenced (Kelleher et al., 1992; 2003; Kelleher & Gilmore, 1997; Kumar et al., 1994; 1995; Breuer & Bause, 1995) and the structure of one of them, Ost4p, has been solved by NMR (Zubkov et al., 2004). Very recently, the preliminary crystal structure of the lumenal domain of an archaeal Stt3p homolog has been reported (Mayumi et al., 2007). Homologs of ail OT subunits have been identified in higher eukaryotic organisms (Kelleher et al., 1992; 2003; Kumar et al., 1994; Kelleher & Gilmore, 1997).
Analytical Modeling and Experimental Validation of Force Ripple and Friction Force for General Direct Drive Systems

In this paper, we present a systematic modeling method of direct drive systems. Experiments are designed to decouple and model friction and force ripple separately, which are two major sources of tracking error. Three different optimization methods, least square method, nonlinear least square method and particle swarm optimization are used for parameter optimization. The analytical form of the model makes it easy to use in engineering practices. All results are obtained and verified experimentally. The method presented in this paper can also be used to model other mechanical systems.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Effect of Growth Hormone and Thyrotropin Upon Deiodination of Diiodotyrosine by Hypophysectomized Rat Thyroid and Liver11

Hypophysectomized rats were given thyrotropin (TSH), growth hormone (GH) or TSH+GH for 21 days, and at various intervals during these regimens the deiodination of 131I-labeled diiodotyrosine (L-DIT) was measured in homogenates of thyroid and liver. The thyroidal deiodination of L-DIT did not differ from controls 24 hr after one injection of 2 U USP TSH, but was greatly increased after 7 daily injections. The response of the deiodinating activity as well as of serum PBI and thyroid weight in the TSHtreated group suggests development of resistance to TSH beginning after the tenth day of treatment. Significant titers of anti-TSH antibodies were detected in sera of rats treated for 21 days with TSH. The hepatic deiodination was not affected by TSH administration. GH injection (200 μg/day) for more than 7 days enhanced considerably the thyroidal and, after 21 days, the hepatic deiodinating activity. GH +TSH administration induced greater responses in deiodination, serum PBI and thyroid weight than those seen w...
On the structure of infrared renormalons in physical processes at high energies

Abstract The structure of infrared renormalons in infrared safe processes is discussed. The position of possible infrared renormalons is determined as is the nature of their singularity in the Borel transform variable, b. In the limit of zero current quark masses all non-perturbative corrections are found to vanish as 1 Q 4 for certain infrared safe quantities.
Clinical trials in head injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major public health problem globally. In the United States the incidence of closed head injuries admitted to hospitals is conservatively estimated to be 200 per 100,000 population, and the incidence of penetrating head injury is estimated to be 12 per 100,000, the highest of any developed country in the world. This yields an approximate number of 500,000 new cases each year, a sizeable proportion of which demonstrate signficant long-term disabilities. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of proven therapies for this disease. For a variety of reasons, clinical trials for this condition have been difficult to design and perform. Despite promising pre-clinical data, most of the trials that have been performed in recent years have failed to demonstrate any significant improvement in outcomes. The reasons for these failures have not always been apparent and any insights gained were not always shared. It was therefore feared that we were running the risk of repeating our mistakes. Recognizing the importance of TBI, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) sponsored a workshop that brought together experts from clinical, research, and pharmaceutical backgrounds. This workshop proved to be very informative and yielded many insights into previous and future TBI trials. This paper is an attempt to summarize the key points made at the workshop. It is hoped that these lessons will enhance the planning and design of future efforts in this important field of research.
Surrounding Space – The Ontology of Organism-Environment Relations

The history of evolution is a history of development from less to more complex organisms. This growth in complexity of organisms goes hand in hand with a concurrent growth in complexity of environments and of organism-environment relations. It is a concern with this latter aspect of evolutionary development that motivates the present paper. We begin by outlining a theory of organism-environment relations. We then show that the theory can be applied to a range of different sorts of cases, both biological and non-biological, in which objects are lodged or housed within specific environments, or niches. Biological science is interested in types — for example in genotypes, phenotypes, and environment types — and in regularities that can serve as the basis for the formulation of laws or general principles. Types, however, can exist only through their corresponding tokens. Our theory of token environments is meant to plug this gap and to provide a first step towards a general theory of causally relevant spatial volumes.
Instructional conversations beget instructional conversations

Abstract Calls for changes in teaching are as old as public education. Currently, we are in the midst of another cycle of attempted reforms, this one based upon the view that learning should be an active and constructive process. Reformers face, however, two formidable challenges: (1) conceptualizing appropriate instructional practices and (2) assisting teachers to develop the skills needed to implement them. Working with a small group of teachers, our work has sought to address both challenges. First, we have attempted to conceptualize and articulate a mode of instruction (“instructional conversation”) that emphasizes active student involvement in goal- and meaning-oriented discussions. Second, in carrying out this work, we have found that the principles underlying instructional conversations might also point to fruitful strategies for helping teachers master the professional knowledge and skills required to conduct this type of instruction. “Instructional conversation,” in other words, might constitute a valid means of staff development as well as one of its goals. To demonstrate the potential of instructional conversations as vehicle for staff development, this paper uses Conversational Analysis (CA) to analyze segments of two meetings between a consultant and a small group of teachers learning to conceptualize and implement instructional conversations in their classrooms.
Optimal Observations for Variational Data Assimilation

An important aspect of Ocean state estimation is the design of an observing system that allows the efficient study of climate aspects in the ocean. A solution of the design problem is presented here in terms of optimal observations that emerge as nondimensionalized singular vectors of the modified data resolution matrix. The actual computation is feasible only for scalar quantities in the limit of large observational errors. In the framework of a lo resolution North Atlantic primitive equation model it is demonstrated that such optimal observations when applied to determining the strength of the volume and heat transport across the Greenland-Scotland ridge, perform significantly better than traditional section data. On seasonal to inter-annual time-scales optimal observations are located primarily along the continental shelf and information about heat-transport, wind stress and stratification is being communicated via boundary waves and advective processes. On time-scales of about a month, sea surface height observations appear to be more efficient in reconstructing the cross-ridge heat transport than hydrographic observations. Optimal observations also provide a tool for understanding how the ocean state is effected by anomalies of integral quantities such as meridional heat transport.
Carbon-nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrodes for amplified label-free electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization

The preparation and attractive performance of carbon-nanotube modified glassy-carbon (CNT/GC) electrodes for improved detection of purines, nucleic acids, and DNA hybridization are described. The surface-confined multiwall carbon-nanotube (MWCNT) facilitates the adsorptive accumulation of the guanine nucleobase and greatly enhances its oxidation signal. The advantages of CNT/GC electrodes are illustrated from comparison to the common unmodified glassy carbon, carbon paste and graphite pencil electrodes. The dramatic amplification of the guanine signal has been combined with a label-free electrical detection of DNA hybridization. Factors influencing the enhancement of the guanine signal are assessed and optimized. The performance characteristics of the amplified label-free electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization are reported in connection to measurements of nucleic-acid segments related to the breast-cancer BRCA1 gene.
Death education in U.S. professional colleges: Medical, nursing, and pharmacy

Physicians, nurses, and pharmacists often practice in death environments. A questionnaire was mailed to 126 medical schools, 396 baccalaureate nursing schools and 72 pharmacy colleges to determine the extent of death education offerings in their curricula. A response rate of better than 80 percent was received. The majority of professional programs had some emphasis on thanatology which was initiated within the past decade.
Plastically induced crack growth in iron-3% silicon monocrystals

Abstract Large cracks (≍1·0 mm diameter) were introduced into single crystals of iron-3% silicon by cathodic charging with hydrogen. The crystals were fractured at temperatures between 77 and 295°k after degassing at 473°k. Detailed metallographic observation of the fracture surfaces of these crystals indicated that discontinuous crack growth under internal pressure had occurred by the concentration of plastic strain at the tip of the advancing crack. In some cases these charging cracks were able to accelerate and propagate in an extremely brittle manner and the fracture surfaces showed that little plastic deformation had accompanied crack growth during this stage. The fracture toughness of crystals tested between 77 and 295°k is strongly dependent on the radius of curvature of the crack that had formed during cathodic charging. The fracture surface energy γp measured for sharp cracks that spread at 295°k was comparable to that for blunt cracks that had spread at 77°k. It was also shown that discontinuous...
Two new Oecetis of the reticulata group from Micronesia (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)

Abstract Two new species of the reticulata group of the widespread genus Oecetis McLachlan 1877 are described from Pohnpei. Oecetis mackenziei, sp. nov., and O. squamifera, sp. nov., are the first species described from Micronesia after the poorly known Triaenodes esakii Tsuda 1941, known from Koror and Babelthuap, Palau. Figures are presented of the male and female genitalia of O. mackenziei, and the male only of O. squamifera: wing photographs of males of both species are included.
Probabilistic parallel prefix computation

Abstract Given inputs x 1 ,…, x n , which are independent identically distributed random variables over a domain D , and an associative operation \to;, the probabilistic prefix computation problem is to compute the product x 1 \to; x 2 \to; … \to; x n and its n - 1 prefixes. Instances of this problem are finite state transductions on random inputs, the addition or subtraction of two random n -bit binary numbers, and the multiplication or division of a random n -bit binary number by a constant. The best known constant fan-in circuits for these arithmetic operations had logarithmic depth, linear size, and produce no errors. Furthermore, matching lower bounds for depth and size (up to constant factors between the upper and lower bounds) had previously been obtained for the case of constant fan-in circuits with no errors. We give arithmetic circuits for probabilistic prefix computation, which for these random arithmetic operations have constant fan-in, linear size, O (log log n ) depth, but error probability less than n −α for any given α > 0. For any constant fan-in circuits computing these random arithmetic operations with error probability n −α , we prove the circuit depth must be bounded from below by Ω(log log n ). Hence, we conclude our circuits have asymptotically optimal depth among circuits with error probability n −α . We also give error-free circuits for these random arithmetic operations with constant fan-in at all nodes but one, linear size, and O (log log n ) expected delay for their parallel evaluation.
Gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of hydroxy fatty acids as their methyl esters tert.-butyldimethylsilyl ethers.

Abstract tert.-Butyldimethylsilyl ethers of secondary hydroxy fatty acid methyl esters (tBDMS-O-FAMEs) produce stable derivatives amenable to gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Derivatives produce prominent molecular mass minus 57 [M−57]+ fragment ions and unique marker fragment ions indicating the locations of the secondary hydroxyl groups along the aliphatic chain from the ω-2 carbon to carbon number 5 from the carboxylic terminus, in addition to yielding information regarding carbon chain length, and degree of unsaturation. The tBDMS-derivatives of C-2, C-3 hydroxy fatty acids and the unique GLC–MS data of γ- and δ-lactones are also presented. Though several tBDMS-O-FAMEs with centrally located hydroxyl groups were not chromatographically resolved, the combination of GLC retention times and monitoring of key diagnostic fragment ions of each tBDMS-derivative, when applied to mixtures containing all hydroxy isomers of palmitic through arachidic acid methyl esters, and to several monounsaturated, monohydroxylated fatty acid methyl esters, allowed for their unambiguous identification. Coupled with derivative stability, permitting their purification and concentration, this method was applied to the identification of trace lipids isolated from bovine skim milk which contained a complex mixture of hydroxy fatty acids of which 19 were newly identified.
Neuroendocrine aspects of primary endogenous depression: IX. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the dexamethasone suppression index vs. the dexamethasone suppression test in patients and controls

Abstract The dexamethasone suppression index (DSI), which is the product of the postdexamethasone (DEX) serum DEX concentration and the post-DEX serum cortisol concentration, has been suggested to be a more sensitive discriminative test for depression than the standard DEX suppression test (DST). We used receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis to examine the DSI, calculated in several ways, versus the standard DST in a sample of 40 endogenous major depressives and 40 matched normal control subjects. The ROC analysis indicated that the DSI offers no advantage over the standard DST, regardless of which criterion values are used to define cortisol nonsuppression. Serum DEX determinations appear to have value primarily as an indicator of the minimum DEX concentration necessary for an accurate DST.
TARTRATE NEPHRITIS, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO SOME OF THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH IT MAY BE PRODUCED

Salts of tartaric acid administered subcutaneously to fasting phlorhizinized animals exert a markedly detrimental influence upon the secretory efficiency of the kidney, which is indicated by a greatly lessened output of certain typical urinary constituents. A histological study of the nephritic kidney demonstrates that the salts act specifically upon the epithelium of the convoluted tubules, and to a less extent upon the tubules of the loops of Henle, the glomerules, and interstitial tissue remaining unharmed. In the disintegrative process taking place, vacuolation first occurs, is rapidly followed by necrosis, and finally the dead cells or their debris may entirely fill the lumina of the tubules and form granular and hyaline casts. There is no strict relation between the dose of tartrate and the extent of damage inflicted. While large doses invariably induce a well marked response small doses may at times produce effects equally significant. Tartrates introduced into fasting animals call forth symptoms practically identical with those observed in fasting phlorhinized animals. It is therefore apparent that in the establishment of the pathological condition under discussion phlorhizin is without significant influence. Neither the liver nor the adrenal exhibits any detrimental effect from the injection of tartrates. The introduction of tartrates by way of the mouth to fasting rabbits is not nearly so effective in the production of nephritic symptoms as the administration of much smaller doses subcutaneously. In general, under the former circumstances the initial stages only of epithelial disintegration of the convoluted tubules obtain, which, however, are scarcely sufficient to account for the rapidity with which death usually ensues. Although in well fed animals distinct pathological changes in the kidney are induced by the introduction of tartrates per os, these abnormalities are less in degree, but similar in kind, than those provoked under like conditions in the fasting animal. When tartrates are given subcutaneously to well fed rabbits the effects evoked are somewhat less pronounced than when the salts are injected into fasting animals. From these facts it is evident that the state of nutrition plays a part in the development of tartrate nephritis. It is indicated that the introduction of a sufficiency of alkali to animals in a state of fasting permits a greater elimination of urinary constituents during tartrate nephritis than obtains under similar circumstances when the alkali is omitted. Histologically there is evidence that the administration of alkali exerts a slight modifying action.
Radiation amplification through autoionizing resonances without population inversion.

We present a quantitative study of radiation amplification without population inversion based on models recently proposed by Harris (Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1033 (1989)). We discuss both two-level and three-level arrangements in terms of the density matrix. Our calculations, which are fully time dependent, incorporate an incoherent pumping mechanism that is essential for amplification. We discuss in detail the range of and conditions on atomic parameters for which amplification is possible. Its feasibility is demonstrated through the direct calculation of the change of the intensity of a probe beam interacting with the atom.
The Crystal Structure of TREX1 Explains the 3′ Nucleotide Specificity and Reveals a Polyproline II Helix for Protein Partnering

The TREX1 enzyme processes DNA ends as the major 3′ → 5′ exonuclease activity in human cells. Mutations in the TREX1 gene are an underlying cause of the neurological brain disease Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome implicating TREX1 dysfunction in an aberrant immune response. TREX1 action during apoptosis likely prevents autoimmune reaction to DNA that would otherwise persist. To understand the impact of TREX1 mutations identified in patients with Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome on structure and activity we determined the x-ray crystal structure of the dimeric mouse TREX1 protein in substrate and product complexes containing single-stranded DNA and deoxyadenosine monophosphate, respectively. The structures show the specific interactions between the bound nucleotides and the residues lining the binding pocket of the 3′ terminal nucleotide within the enzyme active site that account for specificity, and provide the molecular basis for understanding mutations that lead to disease. Three mutant forms of TREX1 protein identified in patients with Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome were prepared and the measured activities show that these specific mutations reduce enzyme activity by 4–35,000-fold. The structure also reveals an 8-amino acid polyproline II helix within the TREX1 enzyme that suggests a mechanism for interactions of this exonuclease with other protein complexes.
An all-digital IR-UWB transmitter with a waveform-synthesis pulse generator in 90nm CMOS for high-density brain monitoring

This paper reports an all-digital impulse radio ultra wideband transmitter (IR-UWB TX) fabricated in 90-nm CMOS, which incorporates a waveform-synthesis pulse generator and a timing generator for OOK/PPM pulse modulation and scrambling. The UWB pulse generator includes ten identical taps, each comprising an impulse generator and an output driver. Upon triggering by the timing generator, these taps create a programmable number of individual lobes with 4b control over their duration and amplitude, which are then combined at a shared output node to generate the UWB pulse. With a high-performance receiver, the TX might be used for moderate-data-rate ( 100Mbps), cm-range telemetry, suitable for brain-machine interfaces, with energy consumption in the range of 3.6 to 6pJ/pulse from 1.2V.
Brain, mind, and dyadic change processes

For many individuals attachment trauma is at the core of psychoneurosis and personality disorder. Combining theoretical aspects of psychodynamic therapy, developmental neuroscience, and attachment styles provides a useful framework for intensifying emotion and accelerating the course of treatment. A bihemispheric model is considered. The model addresses the challenge in treating the implicit trauma, which resides in the right hemisphere. This is achieved without resorting to interpretation, which is largely a left hemispheric process. The article presents a patient who benefits from a brief emotionally based psychotherapy that was completed after a course of a 20-year psychoanalysis.
A fast hypergraph min-cut algorithm for circuit partitioning

Abstract Circuit partitioning is one of the central problems in VLSI system design. The primary objective of circuit partitioning is to minimize the number of interconnections between different components of the partitioned circuit. So the circuit partitioning problem is closely related to the minimum cut problem. Recently, two very fast algorithms for computing minimum cuts in graphs were reported (Nagamochi and Ibaraki; SIAM J. Discrete Math. 5 (1) (1992) 54; Stoer and Wagner, J. ACM 44 (4) (1997) 585). However, it is known that a circuit netlist cannot be accurately modeled by a graph, but only by a hypergraph. In this paper, we present the fastest algorithm known today for computing a minimum cut in a hypergraph which is a non-trivial extension of the result in Stoer and Wagner (J. ACM 44 (4) (1997) 586). Since the netlist of a circuit can be modeled naturally as a hypergraph, this opens the opportunity for finding very-high-quality solutions for the circuit partitioning problem. Unlike most minimum cut algorithms which rely on flow computations in a network, ours is a non-flow-based algorithm.
Calculated performance of ALS undulator U3.9: Operation at dual wavelengths and high harmonics

Abstract Calculations of the spectral output of Advanced Light Source undulator U3.9 are presented. Effects of electron beam emittance and energy spread are included, and undulator magnet field errors are treated approximately so usable estimates of the output of high-harmonic radiation can be made. These calculations indicate that several harmonics can be used simultaneously for obtaining soft X-rays in the λ = 23–44 A “water window” spectral range. In addition, it is shown that there is an intermediate range of photon energies (∼1–3 keV) where high harmonic undulator radiation is significantly affected by electron beam energy spread and undulator magnet field errors, yet where U3.9 will still outperform ALS wiggler W13.6 for many applications. This intermediate zone between pure undulator and pure wiggler performance may prove useful for extending the energy range at which brightness-sensitive experiments can be done at storage rings of a given electron beam energy.
Properties of a standard form for a Boolean matrix

Abstract A standard form for a Boolean matrix is used to test a conjecture about the maximal length possible for chains of principal ideals in the semigroup of n × n Boolean matrices.
Use of immediate postoperative mastectomy prostheses

From materials readily available in the operating room, a temporary breast prosthesis can be fashioned for use in the immediate postoperative period. These materials yield a prosthesis with good shape and form, filling a brassiere cup and providing the general pressure needed on skin flaps in the immediate postoperative period. Psychologically, filling the absent breast cup helps patients adjust to their new body image and eliminates the shock of gross asymmetry.
Pattern and mechanism of volcanic activity at the Santiaguito Volcanic Dome, Guatemala

Santiaguito volcano has shown a continuous slow extrusion of dacite lava since 1922. In the 50 years of activity there have been four periods of abnormally high extrusion rates, interspersed by periods of little magma production. The type of activity shown by the volcano has been varied and crudely cyclic. Dome extrusion periods are accompanied by pyroclastic activity and followed by lava flows. There are now 16 time stratigraphic units delineated on the dome. Activity since 1967 has been especially closely observed. Dome extrusion at the west end of the complex has been accompanied by pyroclastic cruptions and plug dome extrusion at the east end. The eurrent extrusion rate has remained essentially constant since 1967 at about 5×106 m3/yr, far below Santiaguito’s 1922–71 average of 14×106 m3/yr. The active vent at the east end of the volcano (Caliente vent) has been the principal vent of the volcano since the creation of the explosion crater in 1902. After its initial period of dome extrusion (1922–25), the Caliente vent has chiefly produced pyroclastic eruptions as well as at least 95% of the dome’s lumarolic activity, while lateral vents have continued to give rise to lavas. Lava flows at Santiaguito have effective viscosity values of about 106 poises, while dome lavas are significantly more viscous. The differences in viscosity are in part related to volatile content of the lava when it reaches the surface. During dome extrusion, lavas lose their volatiles through pyroclastic activity before they reach the surface. Lava flows at Santiaguito occur when lava reaches the surface with higher volatile content. Obstruction of either the central (pyroclastic) vent or the lateral (dome extrusion) vent or both vents has an important influence on succeeding activity. In June 1972, at the time of this writing, the outbreak of new lava flows at both the Caliente and lateral El Brujo vents has just occurred, resulting from obstruction of pyroclastic activity by a large plug dome at the Caliente vent.
Changes in Nucleic Acids Associated with Maturation and Senescence in Hedera helix

Significant changes in nucleic acids are associated with both maturation and senescence of Hedera helix leaf tissues. DNA content was unaffected by senescence, and there were no quantitative differences between juvenile and transitional forms. The adult tissue, however, contained less DNA than the other forms. The total RNA content was reduced by senescence in juvenile and transitional tissue but not in adult. Maturation, on the other hand, progressively decreased the total RNA content. Similar changes in sRNA and rRNA indicate that maturation involves quantitative changes in these fractions. Quantitative differences in the nucleotide analyses suggest that different sRNA and rRNA species are responsible for the biological processes associated with maturation.
Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of the Combustion of n-Decane, Jet-A, and S-8 in Laminar Premixed Flames

Laminar flame speeds and Markstein lengths of n-decane/air, Jet-A/air, and S-8/air flames were measured using spherically expanding premixed flames. The experiment used a spherical combustion chamber housed inside a customized oven, which provides a uniform temperature distribution inside the chamber for fuel evaporation. Linear and nonlinear extrapolation methods to obtain unstretched flame speed were compared. The difference between linear and nonlinear extrapolation is within 0.3–2.0 cm/s over the entire range of fuel equivalence ratio and decreases as the equivalence ratio increases. The measured flame speed data were compared to numerical simulations using several existing kinetic mechanisms and surrogate models. The results show that the JetSurF 0.2 mechanism was able to best represent the present measured flame speed data for n-decane. Surrogate models were simulated to represent the flame speeds of Jet-A and S-8. However, the simulated flame speeds overpredict the measured flame speeds. GC-MS and ...
AlGaN/GaN Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors (MOSHFETs) with the Delta-Doped Barrier Layer

The fabrication and characterization of AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors (MOSHFETs) with the δ-doped barrier are reported. The incorporation of the SiO2 insulated-gate and the δ-doped barrier into HFET structures reduces the gate leakage and improves the 2D channel carrier mobility. The device has a high drain-current-driving and gate-control capabilities as well as a very high gate-drain breakdown voltage of 200 V, a cutoff frequency of 15 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation of 34 GHz for a gate length of 1 μm. These characteristics indicate a great potential of this structure for high-power-microwave applications.
Novel deconvolution of noisy Gaussian filters with a modified Hermite expansion

We have shown (J. Appl. Phys., 1990, 1415-1420) that deconvolving an image which was blurred by a Gaussian filter is equivalent to antidiffusing the image for an appropriate duration of time. However, the antidiffusion algorithm used to show this, based on backward integration of the diffusion equation, is extremely sensitive to noise with numerical errors increasing exponentially with time. Thus, an extremely high signal to noise ratio is required for reconstruction of a blurred image via antidiffusion. In this paper, we introduce a new antidiffusion algorithm which is substantially more robust with respect to noise. This is because each functional component in the series of the reconstructed image is obtained analytically from a corresponding component of the blurred image. We show that the algorithm yields accurate reconstructions of Gaussian-smeared signals and images with extremely low signal to noise ratios.
Titanium and zirconium amido complexes ligated by 2,2'-Di(3-methylindolyl)methanes: synthesis, characterization, and ethylene polymerization activity.

2,2‘-Di(3-methylindolyl)methanes (L2H2) are introduced as dianionic, bidentate ligands of reduced π-donating ability. Four complexes of the type L2Ti(NEt2)2 and L2Zr(NEt2)2(THF) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Structural data confirm the reduced π-donating ability of the η1-indolyl moiety compared to that of diethylamido. Preliminary catalytic activities of these group 4 complexes for the polymerization of ethylene are reported.
Dose Dependency of the Kinetics of Dextrans in Rats: Effects of Molecular Weight

Abstract The effects of dose on the serum and tissue kinetics of high and low molecular weight ( M r ) dextrans were studied in rats. Single intravenous (iv) doses of 1, 25, or 100 mg of fluorescein-labeled dextrans with average M r of ~4 kD (FD-4) or 150 kD (FD-150) per kilogram of body weight were administered to rats, and serum, urine, and various tissues were collected over time. The samples were analyzed by a sensitive and specific chromatographic method. For FD-150, the area under the serum concentration–time curves (AUCs) increased disproportionately when the dose was increased from 1 to 100 mg/kg; the dose-corrected AUCs were 50.1 ± 1.9, 85.9 ± 2.4, and 122 ± 3 μ g-h/mL for the doses of 1, 25, and 100 mg/kg, respectively (p p μ g-h/mL for the doses of 1, 25, and 100 mg/kg, respectively (p > 0.05)]. This dose independence was attributed to a high and linear excretion of FD-4 into urine as indicated by the percent doses of FD-4 excreted into urine [i.e., 82.0 ± 1.8, 78.7 ± 4, 4, and 82.2 ± 7.2 for the doses of 1, 25, and 100 mg/kg, respectively ( p > 0.05)]. The results of these studies indicate that the dose dependency of the kinetics of dextrans is influenced by their elimination pathway, which is different for the low and high M r , dextrans.
"A GREAT AND LASTING BEGINNING": BISHOP JOHN MCMULLEN'S EDUCATIONAL VISION AND THE FOUNDING OF ST. AMBROSE UNIVERSITY

Catholic education surfaces as a focus and concern in every age of the U.S. Catholic experience. This article examines the struggles in one, small Midwestern diocese surrounding the establishment and advancement of Catholic education. Personal rivalries, relationships with Rome, local politics, finances, responding to broader social challenges, and the leadership of clergy were prominent themes then, as they are now. Numerous historical insights detailed here help explain the abiding liberal character of Catholicism in the Midwestern United States.
SLIF: a specification-level intermediate format for system design

As methodologies and tools for chip-level design mature, design effort becomes focused on higher abstraction levels. Presently, much effort is focused on system-level design, where the key tasks include system component allocation, functional partitioning and transformation, and coarse estimation. However, commonly-used internal formats of functionality, such as the control-dataflow graph, are too fine-grained for the system level. We introduce a more abstract format, and we demonstrate its order-of-magnitude more efficient support of system design tasks and its support of practical designer interaction. The format is used by the SpecSyn system design environment, and can be extended to handle many new system design problems. >
A small dispersion limit to the Camassa-Holm equation: A numerical study

In this paper we take up the question of a small dispersion limit for the Camassa-Holm equation. The particular limit we study involves a modification of the Camassa-Holm equation, seen in the recent theoretical developments by Himonas and Misiolek, as well as the first author, where well-posedness is proved in weak Sobolev spaces. This work led naturally to the question of how solutions actually behave in these modified equations as time evolves. While the dispersive limit studied here is inspired by the work of Lax and Levermore on the zero dispersion limit of the Korteweg-de Vries equation to the inviscid Burgers' equation, here there is no known Inverse Scattering theory. Consequently, we resort to a sophisticated numerical simulation to study two representative (one smooth and one peakon), but by no means exhaustive, initial conditions in the modified Camassa-Holm equation. In both cases there appears to be a strong limit of the modified Camassa-Holm equation to the Camassa-Holm equation as the dispersive parameter tends to zero, provided that solutions have not evolved for too long (time sufficiently small). For the smooth initial condition considered, this time must be chosen before the solution approaches steepening; beyond this time the computed solution becomes increasingly complicated as the dispersive term tends towards zero, and there does not appear to be a limit. By contrast, for the peakon initial condition this limit does appear to exist for all times considered. While in many cases the computations required few discretization points, there were some very challenging cases (particularly for the small dispersion computations) where an enormous number of unknowns were required to properly resolve the solution.
Facial Paralysis: Is There a Role for a Therapist?

Rehabilitation for peripheral facial paralysis is often neglected and patients are left untreated. This article explains how nonsurgical rehabilitation, specifically facial neuromuscular retraining, restores function in these patients. Patients with facial paralysis resulting from viral causes, postsurgical tumor resection, traumatic injury, or congenital paresis may be candidates for treatment. Typical patients present with flaccid paralysis acutely and may develop abnormal movement patterns (synkinesis) as recovery progresses. Neuromuscular retraining is effective. It provides specific strategies that inhibit synkinesis based on individual function and unique facial nerve and muscle properties. Successful rehabilitation results in improved patient satisfaction, self-esteem, and quality of life. Electrical stimulation should not be used at any time in facial rehabilitation. There is evidence that it may be contraindicated, and it is unnecessary. The imperative in treating synkinesis is to inhibit abnormally contracting muscles, not stimulate flaccid ones. The unfounded use of electrical stimulation is an unnecessary expense for patients and third-party payers.
Representing our information structures for research and for everyday use

We argue for a methodology and supporting infrastructure that promotes a cross-study investigation of information structure to advance the science of personal information management. Moreover, we observe that the infrastructure to support a methodology of scientific inquiry may have direct application to users as they struggle to manage their information. Research on information structure reaches towards a new age in information management wherein organizing information structures grow and change over time based on the internal needs of their owners and not the external demands of tools.
Landscape Change in the Southern Piedmont: Challenges, Solutions, and Uncertainty Across Scales

The southern Piedmont of the southeastern United States epitomizes the complex and seemingly intractable problems and hard decisions that result from uncontrolled urban and suburban sprawl. Here we consider three recurrent themes in complicated problems involving complex systems: (1) scale dependencies and cross-scale, often nonlinear relationships; (2) resilience, in particular the potential for complex systems to move to alternate stable states with decreased ecological and/or economic value; and (3) uncertainty in the ability to understand and predict outcomes, perhaps particularly those that occur as a result of human impacts. We consider these issues in the context of landscape-level decision making, using as an example water resources and lotic systems in the Piedmont region of the southeastern United States.
Signal processing challenges for single-trial analysis of simultaneous EEG/fMRI

A relatively new neuroimaging modality is simultaneous EEG and fMRI. Though such a multi-modal acquisition is attractive given that it can exploit the temporal resolution of EEG and spatial resolution of fMRI, it comes with unique signal processing and pattern classification challenges. In this paper I will review some our work at developing signal processing and pattern recognition for analysis of simultaneous EEG and fMRI, with a focus on those algorithms enabling a single-trial analysis of the neural signal. In general, these algorithms exploit the multivariate nature of the EEG, removing MR induced artifacts and classifying event-related signals that then can be correlated with the BOLD signal to yield specific fMRI activations.
Assessing the Assessors JMC Administrators Critique the Nine ACEJMC Standards

For nearly ninety years, journalism professionals and academics have attempted to develop standards by which to prepare college students for the media industry. For nearly 70 years, the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications (ACEJMC) has assessed programs based on its standards. This study surveyed administers of ACEJMC accredited programs, asking them to critique the nine standards. Nearly 70 percent of the administrators rated six of the nine standards “good as is.” Forty percent said one standard—Standard 2: Curriculum and Instruction—“needs major changes.” The major issues for administrators included the 80/65 liberal arts requirement. Additional issues included measuring for diversity among students and faculty (Standard 3) and the process for assessing the outcomes of student training (Standard 9).
Comparative Chromatographic Identification of the Alkaloids of Ten Aquilegia Species

The results of a comparative study of the alkaloid constituents in the roots of ten species of Aquilegia are reported. Magnoflorine was present in all of the species, while in eight of the species berberine and aquilegeninine were also present. A fourth alkaloid, unidentified, is believed to be present in the roots of A. canadensis .