cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Current status and new developments with galantamine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Galantamine is a newly available cholinergic drug that offsets reductions in central cholinergic neurotransmission in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by specifically and reversibly inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and by allosterically modulating nicotinic cholinergic receptors. The clinical impact of this latter mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. Galantamine has favourable pharmacokinetic features including linear elimination kinetics, a relatively short half-life and high oral bioavailability. The efficacy of galantamine has been studied in an extensive clinical development program. During randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of up to 6 months duration, galantamine 16 and 24 mg/day consistently produced a broad spectrum of beneficial effects on cognitive and non-cognitive AD symptoms. Patients’ cognition, global function and abilities to perform both instrumental and basic activities of daily living were maintained, the emergence of behavioural symptoms was postponed and ap...
Medium-induced splitting kernels from SCETG

Abstract Using the framework of soft-collinear effective theory with Glauber gluons (SCET G ), we evaluate medium-induced splitting kernels. Because of the power counting of the effective theory, our results are valid for arbitrary, not necessarily small values of the energy fraction x taken by the emitted parton. In this framework we prove the factorization from the hard process and gauge invariance of the splitting kernels, we also show how nuclear recoil and the phase space cuts can be implemented into the phenomenology.
Reconfigurable machine vision systems using FPGAs

FPGAs provide a flexible architecture for implementing many different types of machine vision algorithms. They allow heavily parallel portions of those algorithms to be accelerated and optimized for high specific performance (MIPS:Watt ratio). In comparison to ASICS, FPGAs enable low cost, quick turn prototyping and algorithm development as well as lower production costs for small quantity and one off applications. FPGAs also have the ability to be reprogrammed in flight, allowing them to be configured for different applications as mission needs evolve. JPL has developed a suite of machine vision IP cores to accelerate many common machine vision tasks used in robotic mobility applications. Modules such as stereo correlation for ranging, filtering, optical flow, area based correlation, feature detection, and image homography and rectification allow the real-time processing of image data using much smaller systems with much less power draw then an appropriately sized general purpose processor. These modules, along with a vision processing framework, are being re-cast in a generic plug and play form to allow rapid, low cost configuration, reconfiguration, evolution and adaptation of next generation machine vision systems for mobile robotics.
Mapping the literature of health care management.

Objectives: The research provides an overview of the health care management literature and the indexing coverage of core journal literature. Method: Citations from five source journals for the years 2002 through 2004 were studied using the protocols of the Mapping the Literature of Allied Health Project and Mapping the Literature of Nursing Project. The productivity of cited journals was analyzed by applying Bradford's Law of Scattering. Results: Journals were the most frequently cited format, followed by books. Only 3.2% of the cited journal titles from all 5 source journals generated two-thirds of the cited titles. When only the health care management practitioner–oriented source journals were considered, two-thirds of the output of cited journal titles came from 10.8% of the titles. Science Citation Index and PubMed provided the best overall coverage of the titles cited by all 5 source journals, while the cited titles from the 2 practitioner-oriented journals were covered most completely by Social Sciences Citation Index and Business Source Complete. Conclusions: Health care management is a multidisciplinary field. Librarians must consider the needs of their users and assist them by providing the necessary materials and combination of indexes to access this field adequately.
Response of nonlinear oscillators to forced oscillations: three chemical reaction case studies

Abstract It has been known for some time that, when forced oscillations are imposed upon a naturally oscillating system, subharmonic, quasi-periodic and chaotic responses can occur. In the plane of forcing amplitude and frequency, these regions of subharmonic behaviour form V-shaped “resonance horns” near zero forcing amplitude and at forcing frequencies which are rational fractions of the natural frequency of the system. At very large amplitudes only responses with the same period as the forcing are possible. Several conjectures are made as to how all of the resonance horns generically evolve between these two extremes for forced oscillations in oscillatory systems that are near a Hopf bifurcation. Numerical studies of three different chemical oscillators are then presented (a surface reaction, the nonisothermal CSTR, and the Brusselator) as examples. For the surface reaction model, resonance horns are constructed for three different mean values of the parameter being forced, including one which is just outside of the autonomously oscillating region of the parameter space.
On the Wisdom of Rewarding A While Hoping for B

We explain the deeper organizational wisdom behind what Steven Kerr called the "folly" of seemingly inconsistent reward structures. Modern organizations-even those Kerr specifically criticizes as "fouled-up"-frequently need to serve two contradictory goals at the same time. Three conditions in particular require sophisticated organizations to reward A while nonetheless hoping for B. First, operative goals-e.g., for a police department-may require practical activities like "social work" that do not conform to the official culture of "crime fighting command bureaucracy." Attempting to reward only these police activities which support the official goals would harm both the force and the citizens they serve. Second, times of great change-e.g., for environmental clean-up in Eastern Europe-require short-term inconsistencies such as supporting a highly polluting factory in order to accomplish long term ends. At one moment in time, a snapshot exposes a "foolish" inconsistency, but a long-term view reveals the wisdom of not attempting to treat complex problems with simple solutions. Third, some conditions of the real world will always require the individual to serve two masters, as in a classic matrix structure. Product and functional demands cannot be made perfectly consistent with each other, and to expect the organization to make them so is to wish for the impossible. Under the above conditions, it is better to teach individuals how to handle complex, inconsistent demands than it is to hold organizations responsible for eliminating them. While Kerr would work towards an organization in which "no one needs goodness," we would hold our teaching and training systems responsible for making "goodness" and complexity part of the talent an individual brings to the organization. To put complexity and goodness beyond the individual and entirely in the province of the organization is to demand of the organization the impossible, and demean the human beings who are its substance and soul.
CD8+ T cell recognition of polymorphic wild-type sequence p53 65–73 peptides in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

The TP53 tumor suppressor gene contains a well-studied polymorphism that encodes either proline (P) or arginine (R) at codon 72, and over half of the world’s population is homozygous for R at this codon. The wild-type sequence (wt) p53 peptide, p5365–73, has been identified as a CD8+ T cell-defined tumor antigen for use in broadly applicable cancer vaccines. However, depending on the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism of the recipient, the induced responses to the peptides incorporating R (p5372R) or P (p5372P) can be “self” or “non-self.” Thus, we sought to determine which wt p5365–73 peptide should be used in wt p53-based cancer vaccines. Despite similar predicted HLA-A2-binding affinities, the p5372P peptide was more efficient than the p5372R peptide in HLA-A2 stabilization assays. In vitro stimulation (IVS) of CD8+ T cells obtained from healthy HLA-A2+ donors with these two peptides led to the generation of CD8+ T cell effectors in one-third of the samples tested, at a frequency similar to the responsiveness to other wt p53 peptides. Interestingly, regardless of their p53 codon 72 genotype, CD8+ T cells stimulated with either p5372P or p5372R peptide were cross-reactive against T2 cells pulsed with either peptide, as well as HLA-A2+ head and neck cancer (HNC) cell lines presenting p5372P and/or p5372R peptides for T cell recognition. Therefore, the cross-reactivity of CD8+ T cells for the polymorphic wt p5365–73 peptides, irrespective of their p53 codon 72 polymorphism, suggests that employing either peptide in wt p53-based vaccines can result in efficient targeting of this epitope.
Hypothesis-Testing Strategies: Why two Goals are Better than One:

An intriguing finding in the hypothesis-testing literature concerns a large increase in the proportion of subjects who discover a rule when they are asked to determine two rules rather than that rule alone. This finding is based on Wason's (1960) “2 4 6” task, in which subjects try to discover a rule (ascending numbers) by generating and testing number triples. They are initially given an example (“2, 4, 6”) of the rule that leads to overly specific hypotheses. With single-goal (SG) instructions, subjects try to discover the correct rule and are told whether each triple proposed fits the rule. With dual-goal (DG) instructions, correct and incorrect categories are labelled, respectively, as DAX and MED. Subjects try to discover both rules and are told whether each proposed triple is DAX or MED. Two explanations of why DG subjects do better at rule discovery than SG subjects are tested: the quantity of information and the testing of complementary rules using the prevalent positive-test strategy. Results sup...
Composition of peritoneal macrophage membranes in autoimmune MRL lpr/lpr mice.

Abstract Adult MRL lpr / lpr mice display phenotypic features that are consistent with both rheumatoid arthritis and systematic lupus erythematosus. Previous studies have reported that peritoneal macrophages harvested from this model have an increased propensity for both spontaneous and elicited release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes relative to immunologically normal control mice. To investigate whether one aspect of the differences in secretory potential between autoimmune and normal mice was at the level of increased substrate availability, gas chromatographic analysis of peritoneal macrophage membranes from autoimmune MRL lpr / lpr , young lpr, wild type ±/±, and immunologically normal mice was done. The results demonstrate enrichment of arachidonate in adult lpr macrophage membranes in all major phospholipid classes relative to young lpr, ±/± and immunologically normal C3H/HeN mice. Similarly, there was an increased mole % of arachidonic acid in lpr mice relative to controls. Elevated membrane arachidonate may contribute to the increased propensity of autoimmune strains to participate in the inflammatory process.
How effective are oral hyoscine butylbromide and paracetamol for the relief of crampy abdominal pain

How effective are oral hyoscine butylbromide and paracetamol for the relief of crampy abdominal pain?
Compact group actions, spherical Bessel functions, and invariant random variables

Abstract The theory of compact group actions on locally compact abelian groups provides a unifying theory under which different invariance conditions studied in several contexts by a number of statisticians are subsumed as special cases. For example, Schoenberg's characterization of radially symmetric characteristic functions on R n is extended to this general context and the integral representations are expressed in terms of the generalized spherical Bessel functions of Gross and Kunze. These same Bessel functions are also used to obtain a variant of the Levy-Khinchine formula of Parthasarathy, Ranga Rao, and Varadhan appropriate to invariant distributions.
Peer-to-peer access control architecture using trusted computing technology

It has been recognized for some time that software alone does not provide an adequate foundation for building a high-assurance trusted platform. The emergence of industry-standard trusted computing technologies promises a revolution in this respect by providing roots of trust upon which secure applications can be developed. These technologies offer a particularly attractive platform for security in peer-to-peer environments. In this paper we propose a trusted computing architecture to enforce access control policies in such applications. Our architecture is based on an abstract layer of trusted hardware which can be constructed with emerging trusted computing technologies. A trusted reference monitor (TRM) is introduced beyond the trusted hardware. By monitoring and verifying the integrity and properties of running applications in a platform using the functions of trusted computing, the TRM can enforce various policies on behalf of object owners. We further extend this platform-based architecture to support user-based control policies, cooperating with existing services for user identity and attributes. This architecture and its refinements can be extended in future work to support general access control models such as lattice-based access control, role-based access control, and usage control.
2-Aminobenzenethiol Derivatives as Potential Psychotherapeutic Agents II

A similarity between reserpine and the phenothiazine type psychotherapeutic agents is described and illustrated with Stuart-Briegleb molecular models. In an attempt to validate this similarity a series of 2-aminobenzenethiol derivatives was synthesized and screened, resulting in unusual pharmacological properties.
Beginning to track 1000 datasets from public repositories into the published literature

Data sharing provides many potential benefits, although the amount of actual data reused is unknown. Here we track the reuse of data from three data repositories (NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus, PANGAEA, and TreeBASE) by searching for dataset accession number or unique identifier in Google Scholar and using ISI Web of Science to find articles that cited the data collection article. We found that data reuse and data attribution patterns vary across repositories. Data reuse appears to correlate with the number of citations to the data collection article. This preliminary investigation has demonstrated the feasibility of this method for tracking data reuse.
Neutrophil function in juvenile periodontitis: induction of adherence

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) in patients with localized juvenile periodontitis with decreased chemotaxis exhibit increased adherence. The molecular basis of increased adherence of neutrophils in localized juvenile periodontitis is not clear. We show that the neutrophils from localized juvenile periodontitis patients with decreased neutrophil chemotaxis and increased adherence exhibit increased expression of the CD 11/CD 18 family of adherence molecules, Mac-1, leukocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1) and p150,95, as compared with neutrophils obtained from systemically and periodontally healthy controls. Treatment of neutrophils obtained from healthy subjects with sera from localized juvenile periodontitis patients resulted in an increased expression of Mac-1, leukocyte function-associated antigen and p150,95 molecules. Sera obtained from healthy subjects, patients with adult periodontitis or localized juvenile periodontitis patients with normal chemotaxis did not increase the expression of CD11/CD18 molecules on the neutrophils obtained from healthy subjects. The ability of localized juvenile periodontitis sera to induce expression of adherence molecules was at least partially inhibited by pretreatment of localized juvenile periodontitis sera with anti-tumor necrosis factor and anti-interleukin-1 antibodies. Furthermore, increasing concentrations of rh-tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β also induced increased expression of the Mac-1 molecule on neutrophils from localized juvenile periodontitis patients and healthy subjects. The increased expression of adherence molecules on neutrophils from localized juvenile periodontitis patients was sustained and could not be reversed by treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis neutrophils with sera obtained from healthy subjects. The upregulation of adherence molecules on neutrophils by localized juvenile periodontitis sera in these experiments emphasizes the physiologic importance of quantitatively small but biologically significant levels of cytokines in the modulation of neutrophil functions in localized juvenile periodontitis.
U.S. Offshoring Of Jobs And Businesses To India: A Survey And Analysis

Recently, offshore-outsourcing of U.S. jobs in general and particularly to India has drawn considerable attention from various quarters in the U.S. A combination of factors have propelled this issue to the forefront: ominous headlines; downsizing of corporate labor force; huge trade deficits, increased global competition; poor job growth in a healthy economy; loss of white-collar and professional jobs, etc. The trend of jobs outsourced to India is projected to be sharply upward in the near future. India has clearly benefited from the influx of new jobs. It has also brought some cultural changes in the younger generation in India not well received by the local communities. However, the overall cultural understanding between India and the U.S. has certainly improved. The study finds that the U.S. businesses have many compelling reasons in outsourcing jobs to India: cost savings due to wage differentials; decreasing need for capital investment; availability of educated and skilled workforce, etc. The offshore-outsourcing also has many disadvantages: loss of security; increased dependency; huge startup and communication costs; inadequate protection of intellectual property; poor infrastructure; different legal systems; high levels of bureaucracy and corruption, etc. As the economic theories suggest, the authors find that, given the current competitive global business environment, offshore-outsourcing is an essential part of sound business decisions that U.S. corporations need to make to remain economically viable in the long-run. The short-run problem of displaced workers, although highly important, should be addressed in ways other than imposing trade restrictions, or isolating U.S. from world competition.
Profiling the non-users: Examination of life-position indicators, sensation seeking, shyness, and loneliness among users and non-users of social network sites

The aim of the current study is to explore if there are differences between users and non-users of social network sites in terms of their sensation seeking, life-position indicators, shyness, and loneliness. Using data from a survey of adults 19-76years old, results revealed that compared to an average Facebook user, a non-user is significantly older and scores higher on shyness and loneliness, is less socially active, and less prone to sensation seeking activities. Facebook is not a substitute channel of communication for those who are shy and lonely and lack face-to-face interactions. This study extends our knowledge of digital divide, uses and gratifications theory, and social enhancement hypothesis.
Efficacy of a Novel Orally Administered Formulation of DTPA Tablets for Decorporating an Intravenously Injected Radionuclide: A Comparison with Intravenously Administered Licensed DTPA

Strategy, Management and Health Policy Enabling Tchnology, Genomics, Proteomics Preclinical Research Preclinical Development Toxicology, Formulation Durg Delivery, Pharmacokinetics Clinical Development Phases I-III Regulatory, Quality, Manufacturing Postmarketing Phase IV A proprietary minitablet formulation of the chelating agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPAMT) was administered orally to rats injected with (241 Am) (III)-citrate and compared with untreated controls. The positive control was intravenously administered diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) (IVDTPA). Groups of six young adult rats (three male, three female) were injected intravenously with 241 Am, with each rat placed in an individual metabolism cage for excreta collection. The groups were then treated once with IVDTPA or DTPAMT at 1 h, or 1, 5, or 14 days postinjection, with sacrifice at 8, 8, 12, and 21 days postinjection, respectively. Sacrifice of three untreated control groups occurred 8, 12, and 21 days postinjection. At necropsy, all tissues, associated urine, feces, and cage wash samples were collected and analyzed for (241 Am) content. The average recovery for all experimental groups was 95.2 ± 3.6% administered 241 Am dose. Tissue and excreta analyses of (241 Am) were compared for the treatment groups and untreated controls and with IVDTPA using two-way analysis of variance. DTPAMT 241 Am removal efficacy was statistically significant for all administration times compared with untreated controls. For systemically administered (241 Am), the primary deposition sites, bone and liver, incurred the highest radiation doses. DTPAMT reduced liver (241 Am) content by 60–70% and bone content by 40% at treatment times of 1 h,1 day, and 5 days when compared with untreated controls. For all times, DTPAMT compared well with IVDTPA. For DTPAMT, (241 Am) excretion elevation in urine was protracted beyond that typically observed with IVDTPA.
High-Affinity Interaction between Gram-Negative Flagellin and a Cell Surface Polypeptide Results in Human Monocyte Activation

Flagella from diverse gram-negative bacteria induce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) synthesis by human monocytes (F. Ciacci-Woolwine, P. F. McDermott, and S. B. Mizel, Infect. Immun. 67:5176–5185, 1999). In this study, we establish that purified flagellin (FliC or FljB), the major filament protein from Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is an extremely potent inducer of TNF-α production by human monocytes and THP-1 myelomonocytic cells. Fifty percent of maximal TNF-α production (EC50) was obtained with 1.5 × 10−11 M flagellin (0.75 ng/ml). Mutagenesis studies revealed that the central hypervariable region of flagellin is essential for the TNF-α-inducing activity of the protein. Although less active than the wild-type protein, a Salmonella flagellin mutant composed of only the central hypervariable region retained substantial TNF-α-inducing activity at nanomolar concentrations. In contrast, the conserved amino- and carboxy-terminal regions are inactive. Mutational analysis of the hypervariable region revealed that it contains two equally active TNF-α-inducing domains. The ability of THP-1 cells to respond to purified flagellins is dramatically reduced by mild trypsin treatment of the cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the cytokine-inducing activity of flagellins from gram-negative bacteria results from the interaction of these proteins with high-affinity cell surface polypeptide receptors on monocytes.
Paleotopography of glacial-age ice sheets.

This is technical comment and response to the subject of paleotophography of glacial age ice sheets. The model presented by Peltier reconstructing the paleotopography of glacial age ice sheets has implications for atmospheric general circulation models of ice age climate. In addition, the model suggests that the glacial-age Antarctic Ice Sheet was significantly larger than today`s. The commentor, Edwards, suggests there is a discrepancy between data from Papua New Guinea and the model results.
Does Size Matter? Economies Of Scale In The Banking Industry

This study uses 2007 data from more than 1,200 banking institutions to examine the relationships among size, costs, and profitability in the banking industry. Our results suggest that the relationship between size and firm performance is complex. We find that while costs decline and profitability increases as bank size increases, these relationships do not hold indefinitely and diseconomies of scale are experienced by larger banks. When size is measured by total assets, larger banks begin to encounter lower levels of net income, but the very largest banks are able to enjoy net income that increases at an increasing rate as size increases. When size is measured by total deposits, net income increases at an increasing rate for a wide range of bank sizes and only begins to decrease for the largest banks. Regardless of the size measure employed, we find that increasing size is associated with higher costs that increase at an increasing rate, inevitably resulting in diseconomies of scale with implications for both theory and practice.
Surfactant secretagogue activation of protein kinase C isoforms in cultured rat type II cells.

Several lung surfactant secretagogues are known to activate protein kinase C (PKC) in type II cells. Such agents include 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and cell-permeable diacylglycerol...
The Role of the Integrated Care Psychiatrist in Community Settings: A Survey of Psychiatrists’ Perspectives

Objective:The objective of this study was to describe the work and experiences of psychiatrists practicing integrated care in the community.Methods:Consulting psychiatrists working in integrated care participated in an online survey about their experiences, opinions, and advice. Results were analyzed with quantitative and qualitative methods.Results:A convenience sample of 52 psychiatrists from around the country who were working in integrated care responded. Respondents reported that they address a wide variety of clinical problems with a range of treatment strategies. Most reported positive experiences, which were summarized in four themes: working in a patient-centered care model, working with a team, the psychiatrist’s role as educator, and opportunities for growth and innovation.Conclusions:The survey documented the experiences of psychiatrists working in integrated care. Findings suggest that integrated care teams allow consulting psychiatrists to leverage their expertise to reach a large number of ...
Methods for the Study of Protein-Protein Interactions in Cancer Cell Biology

Development of sensitive methods to monitor and quantitatively assess the expression levels of endogenous genes and the association-interaction of proteins in living cells and whole organisms is a complex and challenging problem. In this chapter, we have described basic methods for investigating protein-protein interactions which include immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down assays, peptide bead pull-down assays, chemical crosslinking and photoaffinity labeling. These methods should provide important tools to dissect crosstalk between proteins and the direct implications of this crosstalk in signaling pathways and cancer biology.
Myocardial infarction size and scar dimensions: the influence of activity.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine myocardial infarct size and scar dimensions in experimentally infarcted rats that were randomly assigned to a moderate, mild, or no exercise condition after infarction. DESIGN: Pretest-posttest control group design (experimental). SUBJECTS: 57 male Harlan Sprague Dawley rats between 62 to 64 days of age and weighing 220 to 290 gm at the onset of the study. OUTCOME MEASURES: Infarction size, scar thickness, thinnest portion of scar. INTERVENTION: Mild exercise versus moderate exercise versus no exercise. RESULTS: No differences were found in infarct size, scar thickness, or thinnest portion of scar among the three groups. CONCLUSION: This study establishes that treadmill exercise, begun after an appropriate period of recovery, does not necessarily increase infarct size or scar thinning in the rat model. Further, animal and human studies are needed to fully explore the benefits and hazards of cardiac rehabilitation or exercise testing before or soon after discharge.
Evaluating Feature Selection Methods for Network Intrusion Detection with Kyoto Data

Considering the large quantity of the data flowing through the network routers, there is a very high demand to detect malicious and unhealthy network traffic to provide network users with reliable network operation and security of their information. Predictive models should be built to identify whether a network traffic record is healthy or malicious. To build such models, machine learning methods have started to be used for the task of network intrusion detection. Such predictive models must monitor and analyze a large amount of network data in a reasonable amount of time (usually real time). To do so, they cannot always process the whole data and there is a need for data reduction methods, which reduce the amount of data that needs to be processed. Feature selection is one of the data reduction methods that can be used to decrease the process time. It is important to understand which features are most relevant to determining if a network traffic record is malicious and avoid using the whole feature set to make the processing time more efficient. Also it is important that the simple model built from the reduced feature set be as effective as a model which uses all the features. Considering these facts, feature selection is a very important pre-processing step in the detection of network attacks. The goal is to remove irrelevant and redundant features in order to increase the overall effectiveness of an intrusion detection system without negatively affecting the classification performance. Most of the previous feature selection studies in the area of intrusion detection have been applied on the KDD 99 dataset. As KDD 99 is an outdated dataset, in this paper, we compare different feature selection methods on a relatively new dataset, called Kyoto 2006+. There is no comprehensive comparison of different feature selection approaches for this dataset. In the present work, we study four filter-based feature selection methods which are chosen from two categories for the application of network intrusion detection. Three filter-based feature rankers and one filter-based subset evaluation technique are compared together along with the null case which applies no feature selection. We also apply statistical analysis to determine whether performance differences between these feature selection methods are significant or not. We find that among all the feature selection methods, Signal-to-Noise (S2N) gives the best performance results. It also outperforms no feature selection approach in all the experiments.
Predictions of turbulent secondary flows using the v2-f model

An extension of the stress-strain relationship is proposed in conjunction with the v − f turbulence model to mimic anisotropic normal Reynolds stress states. The objective of this work is to predict turbulent driven secondary flows in square ducts with a purely linear model. Two cases have been investigated: a fully developed turbulent square duct with a friction velocity Reynolds number of Reτ = 600 and a three dimensional diffuser with a Reynolds number of Re = 10000 based on the bulk velocity. Three different versions of model with increasing complexity have been developed and then used to calculate this test cases. For the square duct case the results show reasonable agreement with data obtained by Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). Significantly improved predictions were obtained in comparison to the base line v−f turbulence model when comparing to the experimental results for the three-dimensional diffuser.
Evaluation on Control Effect of Occupational Hazard Factors in Roxarsone Production Line of a Veterinary Drugs Factory

[Objectives]To evaluate the control effect of occupational hazard factors in roxarsone production line of a veterinary drugs factory.[Methods]The evaluation was carried out according to on-site occupational hygienic investigation combined with the related national occupational health standard and criterion.[Results]There existed occupational hazard factors in the production line, such as productive chemical poison, dust, noise, etc. The qualification rate of productive chemical poison, dust and noise was 92.1%, 100.0% and 86.2%, respectively. The production line had defects in occupational health management measures, prevention and emergency response for accident, rescue plans, and lacked corollary equipment for emergency rescue facility.[Conclusion]The critical control points for occupational hazards in this production line were arsenic hydride leak in pumping filtration, separation, arsination, nitration, arsonylation. Ventilation, anti-toxin, occupational health management measures, prevention and emergency response for accident should be improved.
Building Knowledge Infrastructures for Empowerment: A Study of Grassroots Water Monitoring Networks in the Marcellus Shale

This paper characterizes the activities of two nongovernmental environmental monitoring networks working to protect watersheds in the Northeast United States from the impacts of shale oil and gas extraction. The first is a grassroots coalition of advocacy groups. The second is a large network managed by academic institutions. In both cases, knowledge infrastructures were built to distribute resources and to assist members in using data to make scientific claims. I find that the designs of these knowledge infrastructures can reproduce entrenched dynamics of power in ways that advance the agendas of some stakeholders more than others. However, findings also suggest that the ‘grassroots’ of infrastructures can tactically alter power relationships and redistribute resources to their advantage. By bringing a discourse of power and empowerment into the study of knowledge infrastructures, this paper offers a theoretical contribution to better understand the conditions by which marginalized stakeholders shape knowledge work to deal with complex scientific and environmental problems. Keywords: Knowledge infrastructures, public empowerment, citizen science, environmental justice
Rapid IO Interconnected Technology Based on TSI578

Aiming at the problem existed in traditional bus, a scheme of serial Rapid IO used in the highspeed signal processing. The framework and advantage of Rapid IO are introduced. According to the protocol Rapid IO, Rapid IO interconnected project is given based on TSI578, which is inspected and implemented. Experimental results show the scheme is effective.
Study on guyed-strain tower adopted by Eskom in South Africa on EHV transmission lines

The investigation of the potential benefits for guyed-strain structures used in EHV transmission line was conducted by Eskom in South Africa.The research involved the consideration of factors in optimal designs of advanced towers and achieved advantages of the new structures in material selection,environmental protection,productivity and live-line maintenance.The limitations of the new structures were also analyzed in the research.It is shown in the research results that cost savings for the new structures compared with conventional towers are about 50%.
Responses of dead forest fuel moisture to climate change

Forest fuel moisture is an important factor for wildland fire behavior. Predicting future wildfire trends and controlled burned conditions is essential to effective natural resource management, but the associated effects of forest fuel moisture remain uncertain. This study investigates the responses of dead forest fuel moisture to climate change in the continental United States, one of the global regions with frequent wildfire and controlled burning activities. Moisture content was calculated for dead fuels with 1‐ and 1000‐hr lags (MC1 and MC1000) using the algorithms from the U.S. National Fire Danger Rating System. A set of dynamically downscaled regional climate change scenarios provided by the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program was used. The present fuel moisture shows large seasonal variations peaked in winter and spatial variability with dominant meridional change in winter and zonal change in summer. Fuel moisture is projected to decrease overwhelmingly across the United States, mainly caused by temperature increases. The largest MC1 decrease of over 1% mainly occurs in the southwestern United States in spring and southeastern United States in summer, while the largest MC1000 decrease of over 1.5% occurs in the southwestern United States in spring and in the southern Plains and eastern United States in summer. The spatial patterns and seasonal variations of future fuel moisture trends, however, vary considerably with regional climate change scenarios. The drying fuel t rends suggest that frequency, size, and intensity of wildfires would increase and prescribed burning windows would decrease in the future in the Southwest and the inter‐ mountains during spring and the Rocky Mountains during summer if other fuel conditions remain the same. These results highlight the general vulnerability of semiarid forests to drying fuels trends.
Hydrodynamics of Particles at an Oil–Water Interface

This study is a theoretical and experimental investigation of the hydrodynamics of the mutual approach of two floating spherical particles moving along an oil-water interface. An analytical expression is obtained for the (inertialess) Stokes drag for an isolated particle translating on a flat interface as a function of the immersion depth into the water phase for the case in which the viscosity of the oil is much larger than that of the water. An approximation for the viscous drag due to the mutual approach of identical spheres is formulated as the product of the isolated drag multiplied by the resistance of approaching spheres in an infinite medium. Experiments are undertaken on the capillary attraction of large, millimeter-sized Teflon spheres floating at the interface between a very viscous oil and water. With the use of image visualization and particle tracking, the separation distance as a function of time [[Formula: see text](t)] is measured along with the immersion depth and predicted by setting the capillary attraction force equal to the viscous drag resistance. The excellent agreement validates the approximating formula.
Long‐term fertilization alters the relative importance of nitrate reduction pathways in salt marsh sediments

Salt marshes provide numerous valuable ecological services. In particular, nitrogen (N) removal in salt marsh sediments alleviates N loading to the coastal ocean. N removal reduces the threat of eutrophication caused by increased N inputs from anthropogenic sources. It is unclear, however, whether chronic nutrient over-enrichment alters the capacity of salt marshes to remove anthropogenic N. To assess the effect of nutrient enrichment on N cycling in salt marsh sediments, we examined important N cycle pathways in experimental fertilization plots in a New England salt marsh. We determined rates of nitrification, denitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) using sediment slurry incubations with 15 N labeled ammonium or nitrate tracers under oxic headspace (20% oxygen / 80% helium). Nitrification and denitrification rates were more than ten-fold higher in fertilized plots compared to control plots. By contrast, DNRA, which retains N in the system, was high in control plots but not detected in fertilized plots. The relative contribution of DNRA to total nitrate reduction largely depends on the carbon/nitrate ratio in the sediment. These results suggest that long-term fertilization shifts N cycling in salt marsh sediments from predominantly retention to removal. Long-term fertilization alters the relative importance of nitrate reduction pathways in salt marsh sediments: NO 3 - reduction in salt marsh sediments (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305480944_Long-term_fertilization_alters_the_relative_importance_of_nitrate_reduction_pathways_in_salt_marsh_sediments_NO_3_-_reduction_in_salt_marsh_sediments [accessed Jun 6, 2017].
A Promising Problem: The New Chicana/o History. Edited by Carlos Kevin Blanton

A Promising Problem: The New Chicana/o History . Edited by Carlos Kevin Blanton. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2016. xiv + 210 pp. Map, notes, bibliography, index. $90.00, cloth; $29.95, paper; $29.95 ebook.) In A Promising Problem , Carlos Blanton notes a paradox for Chicana/o historians. On one hand, a new generation is advancing the field in four specific ways, by: 1) exploring Chicana/o identities that are “relational” and “transnational” instead of culturally nationalist; 2) venturing beyond the Southwest; 3) demonstrating a keen self-awareness as members of well-established sub-field of U.S. history; and 4) following earlier historians in their “quest for justice” and portrayal of “social realities” (p. ix). On the other hand, despite its dynamism and (not always harmonious) entrenchment within the academy, Chicana/o history and Chicanas/os themselves still suffer public attacks that delegitimize them. According to Blanton, this conundrum represents the “promise” and the “problem” of the new Chicana/o history. … g-cadava{at}northwestern.edu
MAGNI: A Real-Time Robot-Aided Game-Based Tele-Rehabilitation System

During the last two decades, robotic rehabilitation has become widespread, particularly for upper limb physical rehabilitation. Major findings prove that the efficacy of robot-assisted rehabilitation can be increased by motivation and engagement, which is offered by exploiting the opportunities of gamification and exergaming. This paper presents a tele-rehabilitation framework to enable interaction between therapists and patients and is a combination of a graphical user interface and a high dexterous robotic arm. The system, called MAGNI, integrates a 3D exercise game with a robotic arm, operated by therapist in order to assign in real-time the prerecorded exercises to the patients. We propose a game that can be played by a patient who has suffered an injury to their arm (e.g. Stroke, Spinal Injury, or some physical injury to the shoulder itself). The experimental results and the feedback from the participants show that the system has the potential to impact how robotic physical therapy addresses specific patient’s needs and how occupational therapists assess patient’s progress over time.
Should We Swap Internal Foundations for Virtues

Internalist foundationalism was popular through much of the history of Western epistemology, but has been subjected to intense critical scrutiny in the last century. Ernest Sosa�s new book presents some novel and seemingly powerful arguments against internalist foundationalism. After laying out these arguments, I attempt to rebut them. I argue that Sosa does not, after all, give us good reason for abandoning internalist foundationalism.
Competitiveness and performance in the workforce: hierarchical factor analysis of managerial competitiveness, achievement motivation, and the big five personality dimensions

Questionnaire data from 200 managers were analyzed. Hierarchical factor analysis found two general factors of competitiveness that were labeled Competitiveness and Self-Description of Competitiveness. Additionally, four specific factors were found: Affective Reaction to Competitiveness, Win, Beating Others in the Workplace, and Recognition of Performance. Analogous to prior findings with General Intelligence, this study suggests that the measurement of competitiveness will best be achieved through the measurement of many factors rather than items from only the general factors. The hierarchical factor analysis methodology used in this study was superior to the second-order analysis procedures typically performed in the literature because it allowed for the loadings of the items on both the first and second-order factors to be evaluated. The analysis was used to distinguish between the components of competitiveness and the components of achievement motivation. Results suggested that the components of competitiveness and achievement motivation have been confused in the literature, and a clarification of these two multidimensional sets of constructs is provided. Gender differences were found for all of the components of competitiveness but one, indicating that women score lower on most components of competitiveness than men. However, when gender and gender identity were
Phase equilibria in the system CsFZrF4

Abstract The phase equilibrium diagram of the condensed system CsFZrF 4 has been constructed from a combination of results obtained using thermal analysis, visual observation of crystallising fluoride mixtures, and quenching techniques. Phase identification was accomplished by petrographic and X-ray diffraction analysis. In the system CsFZrF 4 three intermediate compounds were isolated and identified: Cs 3 ZrF 7 , Cs 2 ZrF 6 , and CsZrF 5 . The compounds Cs 3 ZrF 7 and CsZrF 5 melt congruently at 784 and 518°C respectively; Cs 2 ZrF 6 melts incongruently to Cs 3 ZrF 7 and liquid at 530°C. Polymorphism is exhibited by Cs 2 ZrF 6 and CsZrF 5 , the latter compound showing a markedly exothermic inversion on cooling below 330°C. Crystals of the high-temperature equilibrium forms of Cs 2 ZrF 6 and CsZrF 5 were not retained on quenching; crystallographic verification of liquid-solid transitions was therefore unobtainable in the low-melting region of the system. The phase Cs 3 ZrF 7 was observed to vary in composition. As a homogeneous single phase, the solid solution extends to the composition 80CsF-20ZrF 4 (mole %). X-ray diffraction data obtained from single crystals of the stoichiometric phase revealed that the compound is face-centered cubic with a 0 = 9·70 A, and the space group is F 4 3m, F432, or Fm3m. This compound is apparently isotypic with K 3 ZrF 7 , (NH 4 ) 3 ZrF 7 , and K 3 UF 7 as regards the metal ions, but no deduction can be made from this work as to the exact arrangement of the fluoride ions.
Dementia-Capable Care Coordination in Duals Demonstration Programs: Workforce Needs, Promising Practices, and Policy.

Background and objectives This study describes the program requirements, workforce competencies, and barriers for dementia capable care coordination within health plans from seven states participating in the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services demonstration programs for dually-eligible Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries. Research design and methods Data came from contracts, policy documents, and 24 semistructured key informant interviews with national experts and leaders from community-based organizations, advocacy organizations, researchers, federal and state government, and health plans in the seven states. Results Contracts included language mandating care coordination practices deemed dementia-capable, including workforce qualifications, training, and experience; dementia screening; involvement of a caregiver in the care planning process; and education, support groups, and referral resources for people with dementia and their caregivers. There was little consistency across states in their dementia capable requirements and informants questioned the dementia capability of the care coordination workforce and practice. However, promising practices and areas for improvement were identified. Discussion and implications The variability of the duals demonstrations made it difficult to compare across states. The three-way contracts were often the starting point of a process to more clearly define policies and practices in each state including workforce requirements. Efforts should be made to further adopt and translate evidence-based practices into health systems and evaluate promising practices.