cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus with bidirectional flow in neonates.

Background Patent ductus arteriosus is a common occurrence among prematurely born neonates and is believed to play a role in the development of other complications of prematurity including intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and necrotizing enterocolitis. The clinical decision to treat the patent ductus arteriosus is complicated by the lack of evidence available regarding clinical conditions under which closure should be attempted.
Unexpected Allosteric Network Contributes to LRH-1 Co-regulator Selectivity

Phospholipids (PLs) are unusual signaling hormones sensed by the nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), which has evolved a novel allosteric pathway to support appropriate interaction with co-regulators depending on ligand status. LRH-1 plays an important role in controlling lipid and cholesterol homeostasis and is a potential target for the treatment of metabolic and neoplastic diseases. Although the prospect of modulating LRH-1 via small molecules is exciting, the molecular mechanism linking PL structure to transcriptional co-regulator preference is unknown. Previous studies showed that binding to an activating PL ligand, such as dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, favors LRH-1's interaction with transcriptional co-activators to up-regulate gene expression. Both crystallographic and solution-based structural studies showed that dilauroylphosphatidylcholine binding drives unanticipated structural fluctuations outside of the canonical activation surface in an alternate activation function (AF) region, encompassing the β-sheet-H6 region of the protein. However, the mechanism by which dynamics in the alternate AF influences co-regulator selectivity remains elusive. Here, we pair x-ray crystallography with molecular modeling to identify an unexpected allosteric network that traverses the protein ligand binding pocket and links these two elements to dictate selectivity. We show that communication between the alternate AF region and classical AF2 is correlated with the strength of the co-regulator interaction. This work offers the first glimpse into the conformational dynamics that drive this unusual PL-mediated nuclear hormone receptor activation.
Does Indiscriminate Violence Incite Insurgent Attacks? Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Does a state's use of indiscriminate violence incite insurgent attacks? Nearly all existing theories and empirical studies conclude that such actions only fuel insurgencies by provoking insurgent mobilization. This proposition is tested using a natural experiment that draws on random artillery strikes by Russian forces in Chechnya (2000-05) to estimate the impact of indiscriminate violence on subsequent insurgent violence. A difference-in-difference (DD) estimation method is adopted in which shelled villages are matched with similar non-repressed settlements over identical time periods to estimate treatment effects. The findings are counterintuitive. Shelled villages and their home districts (raiony) exhibit less post-treatment violence than control groups. In addition, commonly-cited "triggers" for insurgent retaliation, including the lethality and duration of indiscriminate violence, are either insignificant or negatively correlated with insurgent attack propensity.
The Relative Impact of Harvest and Fire upon Landscape-Level Dynamics of Older Forests: Lessons from the Northwest Forest Plan

Interest in preserving older forests at the landscape level has increased in many regions, including the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) of 1994 initiated a significant reduction in the harvesting of older forests on federal land. We used historical satellite imagery to assess the effect of this reduction in relation to: past harvest rates, management of non-federal forests, and the growing role of fire. Harvest rates in non-federal large-diameter forests (LDF) either decreased or remained stable at relatively high rates following the NWFP, meaning that harvest reductions on federal forests, which cover half of the region, resulted in a significant regional drop in the loss of LDF to harvest. However, increased losses of LDF to fire outweighed reductions in LDF harvest across large areas of the region. Elevated fire levels in the western United States have been correlated to changing climatic conditions, and if recent fire patterns persist, preservation of older forests in dry ecosystems will depend upon practical and coordinated fire management across the landscape.
A recursive concentrator structure with applications to self-routing switching networks

A technique for constructing an N-input concentrator from two (N/2)-input concentrators and a stage of 2/spl times/2 switching elements is described. Recursive decomposition of each of the (N/2)-input concentrators yields a log/sub 2/N-stage switching network similar in topology to the inverse omega network. The control algorithm for setting the switching elements is shown to be a simple logic function of the activity bits of the inputs. An iterative cell that combines the functions of the control logic and the 2/spl times/2 switching element can be used as a building block to realize the entire concentrator. Applications of the concentrator structure as an interconnection fabric in fast packet switching is explored. This leads to an efficient self-routing network, similar in topology to the transposed Batcher-banyan network. >
Therapeutic potential of targeting TNF/TNFR family members in asthma.

The asthma syndrome afflicts approximately 250–300 million individuals worldwide and is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, episodic airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity and airway remodeling. Moreover, the US CDC estimates an increase in asthma prevalence of over 12% during the last decade, suggesting that the epidemic of asthma is worsening. Whereas current guideline-based therapy including inhaled corticosteroids is effective in controlling symptoms for many patients, it is acknowledged that a subset of asthmatics with more severe disease have progressive uncontrolled asthma that is largely unaffected by existing treatments. Thus, the identification of novel targets and development of future therapies remains essential in order to successfully care for such individuals.
Benchmark Estimation for Markov Chain Monte Carlo Samples

While studying various features of the posterior distribution of a vector-valued parameter using an MCMC sample, a subsample is often all that is available for analysis. The goal of benchmark estimation is to use the best available information, that is, the full MCMC sample, to improve future estimates made on the basis of the subsample. We discuss a simple approach to do this and provide a theoretical basis for the method. The methodology and benefits of benchmark estimation are illustrated using a well-known example from the literature. We obtain nearly a 90% reduction in MSE with the technique based on a 1-in-10 subsample and show that greater benefits accrue with the thinner subsamples that are often used in practice.
Role of the Adrenal Medullae in Male and Female DOCA-Salt Hypertensive Rats

Female rats treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and salt do not get as hypertensive as male DOCA-salt treated rats. The adrenal gland contributes to the development and maintenance of DOCA-salt hypertension in male rats. However, little is known about adrenal medullary function in DOCA-salt hypertensive female rats. This study tested the hypothesis that bilateral removal of the adrenal medullae would result in a greater fall in blood pressure in male DOCA-salt compared to female DOCA-salt rats. Five weeks after initiating DOCA-salt treatment, average 24 hour mean arterial pressure (MAP) in female rats was significantly attenuated compared to male rats (142±4 versus 168±6 mm Hg, respectively). Female DOCA-salt rats consumed significantly more saline per day than male DOCA-salt rats (22.3±1.8 versus 33.4±1.8 mL/100 grams body weight, respectively). Following adrenal medullectomy, DOCA-salt males experienced a significant decrease in MAP during the dark period after surgery (182±4 to 154±4 mm Hg) that was not observed in female DOCA-salt rats (150±6 to 135±3 mm Hg). In the following light period, MAP remained significantly decreased when compared to the light period before surgery in DOCA-salt male (171±4 to 156±4 mm Hg), while no effect was observed in DOCA-salt female rats. Adrenal medullectomy significantly increased heart rate (HR) in all groups for 12 days. Male sham and DOCA-salt rats had significantly higher catecholamine content in the adrenal medulla than female sham and DOCA-salt rats, respectively. These data suggest that the adrenal medullae contribute more to the maintenance of blood pressure in DOCA-salt hypertension in male rats than female rats.
Fast Noise Compensation for Speech Separation in Diffuse Noise

In this paper, a fast noise compensation (FNC) algorithm is proposed for the adaptive decorrelation filtering (ADF) speech separation system in the presence of diffuse noise. The adaptation of ADF is a dynamic process, making noise effects at ADF outputs time-varying in nature. Such changing noise effects need to be tracked and adaptively removed. Under the assumption that acoustic paths are slow in change and utilizing the filtering structure of the separation model, noise compensation terms were adapted with an FFT-based fast algorithm. Experiments were based on both simulated and real recorded diffuse noises. Strong diffuse noise distracts part of the attention of ADF to do noise cancellation while separating speech, and FNC works by forcing ADF to stay focused on speech separation task. The proposed algorithm significantly improved the separation performance of ADF system in diffuse noise.
The Integration Of Personal Financial Knowledge Into Multi-Disciplines: The First Step Of Reinforcement

This study represents an extension of longitudinal studies regarding personal financial literacy. Graduating college students must have a financial plan in place as they enter the workforce along with a “game plan” on how to attack their college debt. A college personal finance course can help each student develop their personalized financial plans. However, other college or university disciplines can help reinforce sound financial principles in their courses. If you think about it, “money” is a common denominator that links everyone together in our society. Shouldn’t our universities and colleges be responsible for helping their students become excellent “money managing” stewards?
Beliefs about Memory and Aging

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the beliefs about memory and aging. The chapter describes the status of the work to date and discusses possible future directions for this line of research. The relationship of beliefs to cognitive performance has historically been the principal focus of research and it constitutes an important part of research program. The new method of scaling implicit theories about age changes in memory used in the general beliefs about memory instrument (GBMI) can be extended in several ways. First, it is possible to obtain developmental functions for different kinds of targets. Second, it would be possible to address the issue of contextual or situational variance in functioning by asking about developmental functions for the same person but under different situational circumstances. There are alternative hypothesis which states that many if not almost all individuals believe that memory decline is in large part inevitable because of effects of biological aging and age-related pathologies. Moreover, individuals may believe that the control they have is in the degree to which they can compensate for ongoing decline with effortful activity, such as increased use of external aids and routinized procedures to guide remembering and avoid forgetting. Future empirical research is expected to address these issues and provide an enriched understanding of the subtle complexities of belief systems adults possess regarding their own and others' memory.
Why look backward

Historians read old documents to learn about the past. That is a worthy goal, and a good reason for reading old law books. In my view, however, another good reason is to understand modern law. On other occasions I have argued that because modern legal systems are confronting many of the same problems, we should read foreign law books to understand domestic law for roughly the same reason that engineers at Ford should pay attention what engineers do at Volvo and BMW.1 If the legal problems that jurists confronted in the past were like ours, we should be able to learn from them, too. I do not deny that some problems are different even in private law. Modern industrial society needs the modern corporation to permit vast poolings of capital. Consequently, modern jurists have to face problems about the separation of ownership and control that were previously unknown. Conversely, we regard slavery as abhorrent. We no longer address the problem, familiar to Roman lawyers, of how a person can also legally be a thing. But, in private law, these are exceptional cases. As Alan Watson has said, if a Roman jurist were transported to the present, he would find much that is different, but the major surprise, for him, would be the abolition of slavery.2 I teach first year property, contracts and torts. There are few problems that I could not raise with my students if I taught from Roman texts. Anyone who doubts the extent of the overlap should read Reinhard Zimmermann's book on the Roman law of obligations.3 He shows, not only how many modern problems have Roman analogs, but how many supposedly modern solutions emerged when some jurist in the past reflected on a Roman text. If many of our problems are the same, then why wouldn't it be helpful to see how jurists tried to solve them in the past? One answer
Realizing complexity-effective on-chip power delivery for many-core platforms by exploiting optimized mapping

In the recent years, many-core platforms have emerged to boost performance while meeting tight power constraints. Per-core Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) maximizes energy savings and meets the performance requirements of a given workload. Given a limited number of I/O pins and the need for finer control of voltage and frequency settings per core, there is a substantial cost in using off-chip voltage regulators. Consequently, there has been increased attention on the use of on-chip voltage regulators (OCVR) in many-core systems. However, integrating OCVRs comes at a cost of reduced power conversion efficiency (PCE) and increased complexity in the power delivery network and management of the OCVRs. In this paper, the effect of PCE on the thread-to-core mapping algorithm is investigated and the importance of the PCE-aware mapping scheme to optimize energy-efficiency is highlighted. Based on the results, up to 38% more energy savings is achieved as compared to PCE-agnostic algorithms. Moreover, the impact of core clustering granularity and process variation on the total efficiency of the system is explored. When relaxing the energy constraints by just 10%, an effective mapping reduces the complexity of the power delivery system by allowing the use of a significantly smaller number of voltage regulators, as compared to per-core OCVR. The results provided in the paper indicate an important opportunity for system and circuit co-design to implement energy-efficient and complexity-effective platforms for a target workload.
Formalization of Recovery

Database recovery guarantees the consistency of the database in the event of transaction, system, and media failure, any of which may happen for a variety of reasons. Robust recovery is, therefore, an essential feature of any DBMS. However, in spite of its important role in the functionality of DBMS and vast experience in building recovery systems, the process of recovery has not been treated on a conceptual level. A careful review of the literature on recovery reveals that there is a semantic gap between high level requirements such as the all-or-nothing property, and recoverability and how these requirements are implemented, in terms of buffers and their policies, volatile and persistent storage, shadowing, etc. The advent of new transaction models for dealing with nontraditional applications makes the recovery even more important, and, therefore, elevating recovery from a process to a concept is desirable.
Ph.D. Programs in Agricultural Economics in the United States

This article summarizes portions of a mail survey of "official study plans" of Ph.D. candidates in agricultural economics with programs in progress during the school year 1964–65. All course work was classified into agricultural economics, economics, statistics, mathematics, and miscellaneous groupings, by size of agricultural economics departments. Additional information is given on areas of emphasis in the masters and undergraduate programs of these candidates. Two major conclusions may be drawn from the data: (1) Whatever the stated requirements may be, there is a wide gap between the amount of quantitative training suggested for "ideal" programs and the amount actually acquired by most graduate students, a gap which has been underestimated by contributors to this journal. (2) Part of the problem of graduate training in agricultural economics results from the differences in graduate students' undergraduate training.
Should an ACE inhibitor be stopped if signs of renal insufficiency appear

One must consider the magnitude of the decline and the expected benefits of continuing the medication.
History Is Not History Only——On QIAN Zhong-shu's Historical Rhetoric Thought

History is “objective record”, but it is not that. Historical narration is a linguistic behavior, and a type of expectancy as well. Due to various styles, tenses and application of language, the connotation and value of so-called historical narration are not so simple or unchangeable as the conception of “natural science” history thought. The concept of “history” narration is a diachronic process of development, which is different at home and abroad. “Historical narration may be against historic facts”, but it is noted that the historical narration is of “the latest judge” significance in traditional Chinese culture.
Loading Test of Rock Anchor Foundation for Transmission Lines

According to the problems occurring in application of the rock anchor foundation to transmission lines,loading test was carried out for prototype rock anchor foundations with the working condition of vertical uplift or three-direction loading in order to obtain such parameters as the bearing capacity and the bond strength between anchor bar and concrete for design of the rock anchor foundation.Based on the testing results such as the typical failure modes of foundations,the load-displacement relation,and the strain-buried depth relation of the anchor bar,an analysis is made on the main failure states and the bearing characteristics,as well as the load transmission characteristics of anchor bars.The testing results indicate that the rock anchor can be applied in moderately and strongly weathered rock foundations with good economic benefits.In the load-displacement curve exists an obvious inflexion point,at which the corresponding displacement is less than 10 mm.The higher the weathered extent of bedrock is,the lower the foundation bearing capacity is and the greater the displacement is.The horizontal load has the adverse effect on the uplift stability of group anchor foundation.
Trapping set ontology

The failures of iterative decoders for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes on the additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGNC) and the binary symmetric channel (BSC) can be understood in terms of combinatorial objects known as trapping sets. In this paper, we derive a systematic method to identify the most relevant trapping sets for decoding over the BSC in the error floor region. We elaborate on the notion of the critical number of a trapping set and derive a classification of trapping sets. We then develop the trapping set ontology, a database of trapping sets that summarizes the topological relations among trapping sets. We elucidate the usefulness of the trapping set ontology in predicting the error floor as well as in designing better codes.
“Oiga el público verdades”: los panfletos de Fernández de Lizardi (1820-1827). PREMIO INTERNACIONAL DE HISTORIA INTELECTUAL DE AMÉRICA LATINA

Este articulo reconstruye la posicion del campo literario lizardino dentro del campo de poder mexicano, con el fin de analizar las luchas entre los ostentadores de poder por la transformacion del valor relativo de las especies de capital politico-cultural entre 1820 y 1827. Se estudia la forma como Lizardi se apropia de la voz de los interlocutores que trascienden la censura politica, para escribir dialogos panfletarios y realizar tomas de posicion despues de la coronacion de Iturbide. Se analizan las tomas de posicion como transformaciones posibilitadas por el encuentro entre las intenciones subversivas de una fraccion de productores y las expectativas del publico (Bourdieu). Palabras clave: Tomas de posicion, Jose Joaquin Fernandez de Lizardi, Mexico, campo politico, campo cultural, dialogos panfletarios.
ISCO Technology Overview: Do You Really Understand the Chemistry?

The reaction chemistry of ISCO is presented for the common oxidant systems employed in ISCO: catalyzed peroxide propagations (Modified Fenton’s), persulfate, ozone/ozone-peroxide (peroxone), and permanganate. All of these oxidant systems, with the exception of permanganate are described by reaction schemes employing free radical generation, and all are dependent to some degree on local conditions such as water chemistry and pH. A less familiar reactant condition may be the influence of inorganic and organic compounds in the soil matrix, which can have a strong influence over the intended outcome of the ISCO application. Thus, naturally occurring organic compounds may overwhelm the contaminant demand for oxidant or prevent the transition of the adsorbed contaminant to the aqueous phase where ISCO reactions occur. Naturally occurring inorganic compounds may actu ally cause destruction of the oxidant or modify the catalytic component. Some experience with soils having markedly different matrix properties are discussed to provide an illustration of some of the difficulties which may be faced in the practice of ISCO.
The Role of u.s. State Governments in International Relations, 1980–2015

In an effort to protect and enhance the interests of their constituents in a complex era of globalization, interdependence, and “creative destruction,” most U.S. state governments have chosen to be engaged internationally, especially in economic activities, such as export promotion and the attraction of direct investment, tourists, and students from abroad. However, these activities have often been sporadic and are subject to being downsized or eliminated during tough fiscal periods, such as the Great Recession of 2007–2009. Moreover, U.S. federalism has been in a period of centralization with more power assumed by the national government at the expense of state governments. The executive branches of the national and state governments occasionally clash over international competencies, with the national government almost always prevailing. Nonetheless, most state governments continue to be actively engaged in “foreign affairs,” as contrasted with “foreign policy,” and future trends should result in the proliferation of these pursuits.
Using visible implant elastomer to study ammocoete populations with Cormack-Jolly-Seber models.

This study examined the efficacy of marking wild populations of lampreys with visible implant elastomer (VIE) for 6–18 months to examine ammocoete movements using Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) open-population models. These methods were tested on two lamprey populations in different river systems. American brook lamprey Lethenteron appendix at Dyke Creek apparent survival (φ) was high in the summer and winter (c. 0·7), but declined after flow events in the spring and autumn. Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus at Oquaga Creek φ in the top-ranked models varied with stream location and time. Estimates of φ were similar to Dyke Creek during the summer (c. 0·7), but declined after flow events and remained low (c. 0·1) in winter. Open-population models support current understanding of ammocoete movement, i.e. dispersal is driven by high-flow events at certain times of the year. The present study provides a framework to study ammocoetes with VIE.
Teaching Track Faculty in Computer Science: (Abstract Only)

Many computer science departments have chosen to hire faculty to teach in a teaching-track position that parallels the standard tenure-track position, providing the possibility of promotion, longer-term contracts, and higher pay for excellence in teaching and service. This birds-of-a-feather is designed to gather educators who are currently in such a position to share their experiences as members of the faculty of their departments and schools, and to provide opportunities for schools considering such positions to gather information.
Founding Teams' Prior Shared Experience and Start-Up Performance

Start-ups founded by team members with prior shared experience in incumbent firms tend to perform better than other start-ups. While the prior shared experience brings relevant knowledge and cohere...
Three-Dimensional Imaging in Rhinoplasty: A Comparison of the Simulated versus Actual Result.

Computer imaging has become increasingly popular for rhinoplasty. Three-dimensional (3D) analysis permits a more comprehensive view from multiple vantage points. However, the predictability and concordance between the simulated and actual result have not been morphometrically studied. The purpose of this study was to aesthetically and quantitatively compare the simulated to actual rhinoplasty result. A retrospective review of 3D images (VECTRA, Canfield) for rhinoplasty patients was performed. Images (preop, simulated, and actual) were randomized. A blinded panel of physicians rated the images (1 = poor, 5 = excellent). The image series considered “best” was also recorded. A quantitative assessment of nasolabial angle and tip projection was compared. Paired and two-sample t tests were performed for statistical analysis (P < 0.05 as significant). Forty patients were included. 67.5% of preoperative images were rated as poor (mean = 1.7). The simulation received a mean score of 2.9 (good in 60% of cases). 82.5% of actual cases were rated good to excellent (mean 3.4) (P < 0.001). Overall, the panel significantly preferred the actual postoperative result in 77.5% of cases compared to the simulation in 22.5% of cases (P < 0.001). The actual nasal tip was more projected compared to the simulations for both males and females. There was no significant difference in nasal tip rotation between simulated and postoperative groups. 3D simulation is a powerful communication and planning tool in rhinoplasty. In this study, the actual result was deemed more aesthetic than the simulated image. Surgeon experience is important to translate the plan and achieve favorable postoperative results. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
IMC-PID controller design for power control loop based on closed-loop identification in the frequency domain

This paper proposes a closed-loop identification method for the design of a robust PID controller of the power control loop in the coordinated control system. The process model is firstly identified. In the identification procedure, set-point change tests are adopted to calculate the model based on process inputs and outputs in control loops. On the basis of process input and output data in the loop, the process frequency-response matrix is estimated, and then a transform function matrix is obtained by least square method. The robust PID controller of the power control loop is designed by using the internal model control (IMC) method based on the obtained model. It is shown that the IMC-PID controller maintains the robust performance and minimizes the effects of the external disturbance in power system or the internal disturbances in the power plant.
The Neuromuscular Junction and Excitation-Contraction Coupling

This chapter points out that muscles are slaves to the nerves and that motor neuron activity ultimately controls muscle activity. Motor neurons are activated by the integration of multiple inputs from multiple sources. Stimulatory connections produce EPSPs—excitatory postsynaptic potentials; inhibitory connections produce IPSPs—inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. This chapter discusses the time and space evolution of EPSPs and IPSPs, and describes spatial summation and temporal summation. Neuromuscular transmission is then described. Excitation–contraction coupling involving the sarcolemma, T-tubule, and sarcoplasmic reticulum is then described. The turn-on of muscle contraction through Ca 2+ transients begun by Ca 2+ release from the SR through the activation of the ryanodine receptor is discussed. Activation of muscle contraction by Ca 2+ binding to troponin C and subsequent removal of activator Ca 2+ by reuptake into the SR mediated by the SERCA pump are discussed.
Formation, Collapse, and Erosonal Decay of Mountain Systems

To show how compressional mountains are made and how they decay, Chapter 22 begins by describing the evolution of a mountain system, beginning with a change in plate motion that causes oceanic lithosphere to buckle and break, forming an ocean-ocean subduction zone; the chapter ends by describing a mature orogenic system consisting of a foreland and hinterland. The chapter then describes factors that cause gravitational collapse and lithospheric delamination. Gravitational collapse is any process or force, except erosion, by which a mountain range loses elevation. Such processes include a change in plate motion, a cessation of stress, or the introduction of heat. Lithospheric delamination (or drip) is a process by which the lower lithosphere becomes unstable and begins to delaminate from the upper lithosphere and sink into the mantle on its own. Processes involved in mountain building and collapse are complex across an orogenic belt, and it is the interplay between heat, isostasy, plate movement, erosion, and mantle dynamics that governs how the Earth’s surface will respond.
Borders and Boundaries: The Ends of Public Administration

This paper discusses the ontological evolution of public administration theory from a speculative point set one to two decades out in the future—as the scholars of this symposium might typically re...
A Case Report of Sarcoidosis Mimicking Vertebral Metastasis

A 35-year-old African American male, previously healthy, presented with lower back and bilateral lower extremity pain associated with intermitted night sweats and weight loss. Imaging was concerning diffuse vertebral metastatic lesions. He underwent extensive workup to evaluate for metastatic disease. However, right iliac crest, mediastinal, and left inguinal lymph node biopsies were consistent with sarcoidosis. He was started on methotrexate, folic acid, and prednisone.
‘This is a Prison…A Death in Life’: Reza Shah’s troubled exile on the Island of Mauritius

Reza Shah, the feared and powerful master of Iran for nearly two decades, spent the last years of his life in lonely exile, on the island of Mauritius, then in South Africa. His life in exile was h...
Redescription of Neosimmondsia esakii Takahashi, 1939 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Neosimmondsia esakiiTakahashi, 1939 is redescribed based on adult female syntypes and additional adult females from the Federated States of Micronesia. One of the examined syntypes is designated as lectotype. A complete illustration of the adult female is provided for the first time, and its diagnosis is amended. The first-instar nymph is illustrated for the first time. The host list of the species is enlarged to include Musaceae.
Banjo Ring from Stretching String: A Zero Break Angle Demo

A novel bridge and tailpiece design allows direct comparison of the sound of zero break angle with same banjo (and all its parts) configured to have an angle of 13 degrees. This lends additional support to the 2014 proposal that a key element in banjo sound is the frequency modulation produced by string stretching due to a floating bridge, break angle, and head with substantial motion. When playing a banjo tune in the 0 degree configuration, there are enough audio clues that it still sounds like a banjo. The comparison allows you to judge for yourself to what extent it’s lost its ring or sparkle.
Abstract 202: STAT1 regulates B7H3 mediated angiogenesis in medulloblastoma

B7-H3 (CD276), an immune checkpoint member of the B7/CD28 family, plays a key role in the repression of the immune response by cancer cells. B7-H3 is overexpressed on tumor and tumor-associated cells, making it an interesting therapeutic target. B7-H3 also appears to play a role outside of immune evasion, contributing to the progression of cancer via invasion/migration, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Our previous data has confirmed the presence of B7-H3 in highly aggressive Myc+ medulloblastoma (MB) tumors. Data-mining studies revealed that B7-H3 is correlated with Myc expression in Group 3 and 4 MBs, and is associated with worse patient outcomes. miR-29, a tumor suppressor, has been shown downregulating the expression of B7-H3 in various cancers. We have shown that miR-29 can reduce the angiogenesis abilities of D283 and D425 cells by downregulating B7-H3 in vitro. Subsequent RNA-sequencing analysis of miR-29-transfected D283 cells revealed upregulation of STAT1 activity. Immunoblot analysis and real-time PCR of D283 and D425 cells demonstrated increased expression of p-STAT1, when transfected with miR-29 plasmid. Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid induced p-STAT1 expression, with a concomitant decrease in the expression of B7-H3 and MMP-9. This preliminary data revealed a novel role for STAT1 in potentially regulating B7-H3, and consequently, angiogenesis and metastasis in MB. To date, the role of STAT1 in MB progression has not been fully investigated, and so our results provide a new avenue for developing potential treatments for aggressive MB tumors. Citation Format: Ian J. Purvis, Janardhan Avilala, Maheedhara R. Guda, Sujatha Venkataraman, Rajeev Vibhakar, Andrew J. Tsung, Kiran K. Velpula, Swapna Asuthkar. STAT1 regulates B7H3 mediated angiogenesis in medulloblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 202.
Surface Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Encephalitis

Autoimmune etiologies are increasingly recognized as a common cause of encephalitis. Many autoimmune encephalitides have been associated with neural autoantibodies, which serve as important biomarkers for these disorders. As the field of autoimmune neurology develops, new autoantibodies, characterized as either intracellular or cell surface, depending on the localization of their antigens, continue to be discovered. As opposed to the classical paraneoplastic syndromes linked with intracellular autoantibodies, neuronal surface antibody syndromes often have a good response to immunotherapy. Despite the growing recognition of autoimmune encephalitides and the increasing availability of commercial autoantibody testing, diagnoses remain challenging, given the variability of neurological presentations and complexity of diagnostic testing and subsequent interpretation. This can have significant clinical implications, as early and adequate immunotherapy ensures the best outcome.
Victimization at Schools and on College and University Campuses: Historical Developments and Applications of the Opportunity Framework

Victimization at educational institutions has been the focus of researchers, policy makers, and activists for decades. From their collective efforts, two distinct bodies of knowledge have developed, one at the K-12 level and the other at the collegiate level. In this chapter, we discuss the major historical events in the social construction of K-12 and campus crime and victimization. We also provide a review of research on K-12 and campus victimization that has applied the opportunity framework. Ultimately, we illustrate that the social construction of victimization at the K-12 and campus levels has emerged through largely separate social processes and that these distinct pathways are reflected in the differences in the application of the opportunity framework within each context.
GaTlAs Quantum Well Solar Cells for Sub-band Gap Absorption

Despite the improvements seen in efficiency of GaAs cells over the years, there remains room for improvement for it to approach the theoretical single junction limit posited by Shockley and Quiesser decades ago. One of the more pursued options is the growth of quantum wells within the structure of GaAs to enhance its photon absorption below its bandgap. Multiple Quantum Wells (MQW) have been an ongoing topic of research and discussion for the scientific community with structures like InGaAs/GaAs and InGaP/GaAs quantum wells producing promising results that could potentially improve overall energy conversion. Here, we used WEIN2K, a commercial density functional theory package, to study the ternary compound Ga1-xTlxAs and determine its electronic properties. Using these results combined with experimental confirmation we extend these properties to simulate its application to form a MQW GaAs/ Ga1-xTlxAs solar cell. Ga1-xTlxAs is a tunable ternary compound, with its bandgap being strongly dependent on the concentration of Tl present. Concentrations of Tl as low as 7% can reduce the bandgap of Ga1-xTlxAs to roughly 1.30 eV from GaAs’s 1.45 eV at room temperature with as little as a 1.7% increase in lattice constant. The change in bandgap, accompanied by the relatively small change in lattice constant makes Ga1-xTlxAs a strong candidate for a MQW cell with little to no strain balancing required within the structure to minimize unwanted defects that impede charge collection within the device. Our GaAs photodiode with TlGaAs MQWs shows an expanded absorption band and improved conversion efficiency over the standard GaAs photovoltaic cell with dilute concentrations of Tl incorporated into the compound.
The Personal Perspective

Patients and their families are integral partners in the successful management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. In this chapter three individuals recount their experiences and thoughts on living with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and offer important lessons for those of us caring for these patients. These personal accounts reflect the many changes in management since the first successful staged reconstruction over 20 years ago.
Conservative full-potential calculations for axisymmetric, transonic flow

A conservative, finite-difference, full-potential relaxation code has been developed to solve transonic flow around axisymmetric or nonlifting, planar, two-dimensional bodies. The program utilizes the artificial compressibility method to provide an upwind bias in supersonic regions. Calculated examples include a wide variety of axisymmetric and planar two-dimensional shapes with various blunt, pointed and open ends in subsonic, transonic, and low supersonic free streams. Comparisons between conservative and nonconservative full-potential calculations show perfect agreement at convergence when the flow is entirely subsonic. Noticeable differences exist, however, between the conservative and nonconservative solutions for transonic flows with shocks.
Cu‐Catalyzed Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Reactions of γ,γ‐Disubstituted Allyldiboron Compounds with Ketones

A catalytic diastereo- and enantioselective method for the preparation of complex tertiary homoallylic alcohols containing a vicinal quaternary carbon stereogenic center and a versatile alkenylboronic ester is disclosed. Transformations are promoted by 5 mol % of a readily available copper catalyst bearing a bulky monodentate phosphoramidite ligand, which is essential for attaining both high dr and er. Reactions proceed with a wide variety of ketones and allylic 1,1-diboronate reagents, which enables the efficient preparation of diverse array of molecular scaffolds.
A PRECISION ETCHING BATH FOR PLASTIC TRACK DETECTORS

A precisely controlled etching bath has been developed that is stable to ± 0.002°/day. A single insulated bath is regulated by a proportional temperature controller with a fast thermistor probe. In addition, a temperature set point monitor has been built which permits the bath to be monitored continuously to ± 0.001°. The monitor has a fail safe feature to shut off power to the heater in the event the controller fails full on.
Poverty and Entrepreneurship in Developed Economies: Re-Assessing the Roles of Policy and Community Action

We explore how developed economies can better realize the entrepreneurial potential of the poor by emphasizing the nexus of public policy and community action. It is argued this potential is not re...
Maternally administered naltrexone and its major active metabolite 6β-naltrexol transport across the placental barrier in vitro

Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a growing concern in the U.S. and has been a dominant presence among pregnant women, resulting in an unprecedented amount of prescription medications, particularly naltrexone (NTX), prescribed for pregnant women. Because of unknown potential harm that NTX can impose on the fetus and its premature brain, the needs for safety and regulation of NTX are still undetermined. To address this issue, a microfluidic device is fabricated to mimic structural phenotypes and physiological characteristic of an in vivo placental barrier to evaluate near-transport simulations of NTX and its primary metabolite, 6β-naltrexol, across the placental barrier. Following transport analysis, cell layers are evaluated for possible gene-expressions released by an in vivo human placenta during NTX and 6β-naltrexol placental exposure. When a 100 ng/mL dose of NTX and 6β-naltrexol (1:1) is administered to the maternal channel, the mean fetal concentration for co-culture models exhibited ~2.5 % of NTX and ~2.2% of 6β-naltrexol of the initial maternal concentration. To prototype and simulate fetal-brain exposure, perfusate from a fetal channel is directed to cultured N27 cells that are then evaluated for gene-expression.
Chapter 4 – Pearson Syndrome

Pearson syndrome was first described in 1979. This is an infantile disorder presenting with early growth failure along with clinical features of sideroblastic anemia, lactic acidosis, and exocrine pancreatic failure. Renal tubular dysfunction is common, and glomerular dysfunction, as well as a hepatopathy, may occur early in the course of the illness in some cases. Early treatment requires repeated blood transfusions, management of the nutritional effects of the illness that can include supplemental feeding and use of pancreatic enzymes, surveillance for iron overload caused by the transfusions, buffering with bicarbonate therapy for the acidosis, and investigation and surveillance of other organ system dysfunction. Large-scale deletion of segment(s) of mtDNA is the most common cause of Pearson syndrome, although complex rearrangements and deletion-duplication of the mtDNA is also seen in some children. Although the common 4977 base-pair (bp) deletion responsible for Kearns-Sayre syndrome can be found in many cases, both larger and smaller deletions have been reported. These deletions involve both protein-encoding segments as well as several tRNA segments of the genome. If children survive early childhood, they go on to develop the clinical manifestations of Kearns-Sayre syndrome. In some cases, the bone marrow failure resolves and blood transfusions are no longer needed. A progressive external ophthalmoplegia, hepatopathy, insulin-dependent diabetes, glomerular disease, myopathy, cardiomyopathy, dementia, seizures, and metabolic strokes may occur early in childhood. Children with this disorder require a comprehensive care management team because there are serious manifestations that span many organ systems. There is no specific therapy for the illness, and early death is common.
The environmental effects of sugarcane expansion: A case study of changes in land and water use in southern Africa

Abstract Sugarcane is often portrayed as one of the most environmentally sustainable food and energy crops, yet evidence of the crop's social and environmental impacts in Africa's growing sugarcane industry remains scarce. The land cover replaced by cane and subsequent land use practices play important roles in shaping the environmental impacts of expansion. Land cover change can be both direct and indirect and land ownership is key in shaping socioeconomic impacts, yet these have not been systematically documented in an area experiencing cane expansion in Africa. This paper addresses these gaps through an analysis of land use changes and hydrological impacts associated with the 2006 to 2012 expansion of Zambia Sugar in Mazabuka, Zambia. Methods included semi-structured interviews with Zambia Sugar and outgrowers, remote sensing of land cover to quantify the types of land conversion, and hydrological analysis of impacts on regional crop water use and the Kafue River. The bulk of the expansion area as reported by Zambia Sugar (62%) converted low-water using shrublands to sugarcane, increasing total consumptive use of irrigation water by cane in Mazabuka to 13-16% of the 25% probability monthly mean low flow in the Kafue River. Commercial-scale growers represented 94% of the expansion area, calling into question claims about smallholder inclusion.
Assessing ventilation control strategies in underground parking garages

Enclosed parking garages require mechanical ventilation fans to dilute concentrations of pollutants emitted from vehicles, which contributes to energy use and peak electricity demand. This study develops and applies a simulation framework combining multi-zone airflow and contaminant transport modeling, fan affinity laws, and realistic assumptions for vehicle traffic patterns and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions to improve our ability to predict the impacts of various ventilation control strategies on indoor air quality and fan energy use in parking garages. The simulation approach is validated using measured data from a parking garage case study and then applied to investigate fan energy use, peak power demand, and resulting CO concentrations for four different ventilation control strategies in a model underground parking garage under a variety of assumptions for model inputs. The four ventilation control strategies evaluated include one simplistic schedule (i.e., Always-On) and three demand-based strategies in which fan speed is a function of CO concentrations in the spaces, including Linear-Demand Control Ventilation (DCV), Standardized Variable Flow (SVF), and a simple On-Off strategy. The estimated annual average fan energy consumption was consistently lowest with the Linear-DCV strategy, resulting in average (± standard deviation) energy savings across all modeled scenarios of 843%±0.4%, 72.8%±3.6%, and 97.9%±0.1% compared to SVF, On-Off, and Always-On strategies, respectively. The utility of the framework described herein is that it can be used to model energy and indoor air quality impacts of other parking garage configurations and control scenarios.