cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Weekly urge urinary incontinence was associated with increased risk for falls and nonspinal fractures in older women

(2000) J Am Geriatr Soc 48, 721. Brown JS, Vittinghoff E, Wyman JF, et al, . for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. . Urinary incontinence: does it increase risk for falls and fractures? . Jul; . : . –5 . [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2][Web of Science][3] QUESTION: In community dwelling older white women, do urge and stress urinary incontinence increase risk for falls and non-spinal fractures? Cohort study with mean 3 year follow up (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures [SOF]). 4 clinical care centres in Maryland, Minnesota, Oregon, and Pennsylvania, USA. 6049 community dwelling, ambulatory white women who were ≥65 years of age (mean age 79 y), attended 5 SOF clinic or home visits, completed a physical examination and self administered questionnaire, provided data on urinary incontinence, and returned ≥1 postcard reporting falls after visit 5. Number of live births; hysterectomy status; smoking status; alcohol use; walking; total weekly excursions outside the home; medical history, including hip or knee replacement, stroke, diabetes, Parkinson' or Alzheimer' disease, or arthritis; self reported joint pain; falls … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2Bthe%2BAmerican%2BGeriatrics%2BSociety%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BAm%2BGeriatr%2BSoc%26rft.aulast%253DBrown%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BS.%26rft.volume%253D48%26rft.issue%253D7%26rft.spage%253D721%26rft.epage%253D725%26rft.atitle%253DUrinary%2Bincontinence%253A%2Bdoes%2Bit%2Bincrease%2Brisk%2Bfor%2Bfalls%2Band%2Bfractures%253F%2BStudy%2Bof%2BOsteoporotic%2BFractures%2BResearch%2BGroup.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10894308%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10894308&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F6%2F2%2F59.atom [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000088124700001&link_type=ISI
Statins in Ischemic Stroke: Just Low-Density Lipoprotein Lowering or More?

Background Statins have been shown to improve the functional outcome of patients after an ischemic stroke. We hypothesized that daily statin intake improves functional outcome after an acute ischemic stroke in patients with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) less than or equal to 100 mg/dL. Methods This was a prospective cohort study during a 22-month period of patients presenting with an acute ischemic stroke and lipid profiles measured. The functional disability was determined using modified Rankin scale score (0-2 good outcome, 3-6 bad outcome) at discharge. Chi-square test for binary data and nonparametric tests for nonnormally distributed variables were used for analysis. Results Of 508 patients, 207 presented with an LDL of 100 mg/dL or less and were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference in admission stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]; P = .18), age ( P = .31), and sex ( P = .06) between those taking statins and not taking statins. Patients with LDL less than or equal to 100 mg/dL and taking statins (n = 100) were significantly more likely to have a good functional outcome (odds ratio 1.91; 95% confidence interval 1.05-3.47) when compared with those not on the medication. After adjusting for age, sex, and NIHSS, statin intake still predicted a better functional outcome ( P Conclusion Daily statin intake appears to result in a better functional outcome after an ischemic stroke in patients with ideal LDL levels (≤100 mg/dL) before and after adjusting for age and stroke severity. Pleiotropic effects of statins may play a role in this.
Developments in Linear Integrated Circuits

The paper reviews recent developments of monolithic linear integrated circuits. Attention is given to operational amplifiers, voltage comparators and voltage regulators. Other developments including the monolithic four-quadrant analog multiplier and the phase-locked loop are also described.
Genetic-algorithm implementation of atomic potential reconstruction from differential electron scattering cross sections

We demonstrate the successful implementation of genetic algorithm for the retrieval of atomic potentials using elastic differential cross sections (DCSs) between free electrons and atomic ions for electron energies from a few to several tens of electron volts. Since the DCSs over this energy region can be extracted from laser-generated high-energy photoelectron momentum spectra, the results suggest that infrared lasers can be used to image the target structure. Extending to molecular targets, in particular, to transient molecules created by an earlier pump pulse, our results suggest that few-cycle infrared probe lasers can be used for dynamic chemical imaging with temporal resolution of a few femtoseconds.
Isotopic Composition of Cellulose from C3, C4, and CAM Plants Growing Near One Another

Cellulose from plants having crassulacean acid metabolism was enriched in deuterium but not in oxygen-18 in relation to cellulose from C(3) and C(4) plants growing in the same area, indicating that the deuterium enrichment is due to isotopic fractionation during biochemical reactions rather than during evapotranspiration. Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios of cellulose from the plants in this restricted area showed more variability than that observed in samples collected across an entire continent. Biological factors appear to be as important as environmental factors in determining the isotope ratios of plant cellulose.
2-pyridylbis(diphenylphosphino)methane chemistry. Synthesis and structures of [Cu(μ−η2:η1(Ph2P)2−CHC5H4N)(THF)]2(BF4)2 and [Ni(Ph2PCH2C5H4N)2]-[NiCl4]·0.85CH2Cl2and [Ni(Ph2PCH2C5H4N)2]-[NiCl4]·0.85CH2Cl2

Reaction of 2-pyridylbis(diphenylphosphino)methane (NPP) with [Cu(NCMe)4]BF4 and with [Ni(H2O)6]Cl2 forms [Cu(NPP)(THF)]2(BF4)2 (after recrystallization in the presence of THF) (1) and NiCl2(NPP) (2) respectively Attempts to recrystallize2 led ultimately to the ligand cleavage product [Ni(Ph2PCH2C5H4N)2][NiCl4]·0.85CH2Cl2 (3). Complex1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/n witha=13.148(2),b=19.221(2),c=13.458(2) A3, β=108.61(1)o,V=3222.6(8) AZ=2. The structure was refined onF 2 toR1=0.11,wR2=0.14 (R1=0.044 forI≥2σ(I)) for 5661 observed reflections. Complex3 crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP1 witha=12.795(2),b=17.535(1),c=10.203(1) A, α=107.564(6), β=114.260(8), γ=78.435(8)o,V=1982.1(8) A3;Z=2. The structure was refined onF toR1=0.044,R w=0.059 for 3534 observed reflections. Dinuclear complex1 has crystallographically imposed centrosymmetry with the NPP ligands arranged in a head-to-tail fashion. The Cu...Cu separation of 3.372(1) A is too long to support significant metal-metal interaction. Complex3 results from the cleavage of a {PPh2} unit from the NPP ligand and contains an approximately square nickel atom surrounded by two Ph2PCH2C5H4N ligands coordinated in a head-to-head fashion.
A diabetes insipidus-like condition produced in dogs by a potassium deficient diet.

ConclusionDogs depleted of potassium show a marked increase in fluid exchange. The increase begins usually within 24 hours after being placed on the potassium deficient diet provided the dog is healthy at the start of the experiment, a condition we have assured in our dogs by placing them on a yeast control diet for 3 weeks preexperimental period. A peak in the curve is reached after 3-7 weeks and then there is a gradual decline back to nearly normal values. Factors responsible for this phenomenon are still undetermined.
Secretory phospholipase A2 enzymes in atherogenesis.

Purpose of reviewImmunohistochemistry studies have confirmed the presence of group IIA, group V and group X secretory phospholipase A2 in human or mouse atherosclerotic lesions. The possibility that secretory phospholipase A2 plays a role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis (and is not merely
Arrestin-dependent angiotensin AT1 receptor signaling regulates Akt and mTor-mediated protein synthesis

Control of protein synthesis is critical to both cell growth and proliferation. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) integrates upstream growth, proliferation, and survival signals, including those transmitted via ERK1/2 and Akt, to regulate the rate of protein translation. The angiotensin AT1 receptor has been shown to activate both ERK1/2 and Akt in arrestin-based signalsomes. Here, we examine the role of arrestin-dependent regulation of ERK1/2 and Akt in the stimulation of mTOR-dependent protein translation by the AT1 receptor using HEK293 and primary vascular smooth muscle cell models. Nascent protein synthesis stimulated by both the canonical AT1 receptor agonist angiotensin II (AngII), and the arrestin pathway-selective agonist [Sar1-Ile4-Ile8]AngII (SII), is blocked by shRNA silencing of βarrestin1/2 or pharmacological inhibition of Akt, ERK1/2, or mTORC1. In HEK293 cells, SII activates a discrete arrestin-bound pool of Akt and promotes Akt-dependent phosphorylation of mTOR and its downstream effector p70/p85 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70/85S6K). In parallel, SII-activated ERK1/2 helps promote mTOR and p70/85S6K phosphorylation, and is required for phosphorylation of the known ERK1/2 substrate p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK). Thus, arrestins coordinate AT1 receptor regulation of ERK1/2 and Akt activity and stimulate protein translation via both Akt-mTOR-p70/85S6K and ERK1/2-p90RSK pathways. These results suggest that in vivo, arrestin pathway-selective AT1 receptor agonists may promote cell growth or hypertrophy through arrestin-mediated mechanisms despite their antagonism of G protein signaling.
Images of mother, self, and God as predictors of dysphoria in non-clinical samples

Abstract This study explored the interactions between individuals' images of mother, self, and God as predictors of dysphoria in a sample of 200 mostly Christian undergraduates. The study was intended to replicate and extend previous work, which has focused on only two or three of these variables. We predicted that results would support Jeffrey Young's early maladaptive schema conceptualization, which posits a predictive relationship between images of parents, self image (or schema), and emotional well-being. We further anticipated that God image would mediate the effects of the parent image on image of self and well-being. Instruments used included the multiple affect adjective checklist, the Young parenting questionnaire, and the adjective checklist. While path analysis of results provided support for Young's conceptualization, no support was found for the indirect effects of God image. Correlational findings were generally replicated in a public university sample ( N =68).
Undergraduate embedded system education at Carnegie Mellon

Embedded systems encompass a wide range of applications, technologies, and disciplines, necessitating a broad approach to education. We describe embedded system coursework during the first 4 years of university education (the U.S. undergraduate level). Embedded application curriculum areas include: small and single-microcontroller applications, control systems, distributed embedded control, system-on-chip, networking, embedded PCs, critical systems, robotics, computer peripherals, wireless data systems, signal processing, and command and control. Additional cross-cutting skills that are important to embedded system designers include: security, dependability, energy-aware computing, software/systems engineering, real-time computing, and human--computer interaction. We describe lessons learned from teaching courses in many of these areas, as well as general skills taught and approaches used, including a heavy emphasis on course projects to teach system skills.
Gravity Wave Structure between 60 and 90 km Inferred from Space Shuttle Reentry Data

Density fluctuations obtained along seven Space Shuttle reentry tracks are used to examine the horizontal structure and the vertical distribution of density variance in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The tracks lie primarily over open ocean at middle and low latitudes and represent the only measurements of horizontal atmospheric structure at these heights available to date. The density fluctuations are interpreted in terms of gravity-wave motions and reveal significant density (and velocity) variance at horizontal scales ranging from about 10 to 1000 km. Fluctuation amplitudes are used to infer corresponding velocity perturbations and characteristic vertical scales and frequencies of the wave spectrum. Results suggest that the mean velocity variance is smaller over the Pacific ocean than over major land masses, and that the variance increases with height in a manner consistent with that expected in the present of wave saturation processes.
Molecular Determinants of L-type Ca2+ Channel Inactivation SEGMENT EXCHANGE ANALYSIS OF THE CARBOXYL-TERMINAL CYTOPLASMIC MOTIF ENCODED BY EXONS 40–42 OF THE HUMAN α1CSUBUNIT GENE

Abstract Recently we have described a splice variant of the L-type Ca2+ channel (α1C,86) in which 80 amino acids (1572–1651) of the conventional α1C,77 were substituted by another 81 amino acids due to alternative splicing of exons 40–42. Ba2+ current (IBa ) through α1C,86 exhibited faster inactivation kinetics, was strongly voltage-dependent, and had no Ca2+-dependent inactivation. An oligonucleotide-directed segment substitution and expression of the mutated channels in Xenopus oocytes were used to study the molecular determinants for gating of the channel within the 80-amino acid domain. Replacement of segments 1572–1598 or 1595–1652 of the “slow” α1C,77 channel with the respective segments of the “fast” α1C,86 gave rise to rapidly inactivating α1C,86-like channel isoforms. We found that replacement of either motifs 1572IKTEG1576 or1600LLDQV1604 of α1C,77 with the respective sequences of α1C,86 caused strong but partial acceleration of I Ba inactivation. Replacement of both sequences produced an α1C,86-like fast channel which had no Ca2+-dependent inactivation. These results support the hypothesis that motifs 1572–1576 and 1600–1604 of α1C,77 contribute cooperatively to inactivation kinetics of α1C and are critical for Ca2+-dependent inactivation of the channel.
Two-dimensional rotating-frame Overhauser spectroscopy (ROESY) and 13C NMR study of the interactions between maltodextrin and an anionic surfactant

Abstract Rotational frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY) and 13 C NMR measurements were carried out to study the molecular interaction between maltodextrin, a digestive byproduct of starch, and an anionic surfactant. Significant differences in chemical shifts were observed when sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was introduced into the maltodextrin (DE 10) solutions. 13 C NMR measurement indicated that there were downfield shifts and broadening of peaks, especially in the region of 75–81 and 100–103 ppm, which were assigned to carbons 1 and 4 of the d -glucopyranose residues of maltodextrin, respectively. ROESY spectra indicated cross-peaks between the SDS and maltodextrin protons. These peaks can arise only in the case of the designated SDS protons and maltodextrin protons being less than 0.5 nm apart for a substantial period of time. The most intense cross-peaks are those between the central CH 2 protons of SDS near 1.2 ppm and the maltodextrin protons ranging from 3.5 to 3.9 ppm. The SDS-H3 CH 2 protons were resolved from the bulk of the SDS protons, with peaks and shoulders at 1.25 ppm, which indicated an especially strong interaction of the SDS hydrophobic tail with MD6 and some less intense interactions with MD2, 4, and 5.
Cutaneous color sensitivity: explanation and demonstration.

Past reports that humans can, in complete darkness, sense with their fingers the colors objects would have if illuminated, have understandably been received with skepticism. A previously proposed hypothesis, based on differential rate of absorption of infrared radiation by different layers of the skin, is inconsistent with the thermodynamics of the situation. Quantitative analysis of the system consisting of a roomtemperature surface juxtaposed to the higher temperature skin, however, leads to the conclusion that large differences in emissivity of different room-temperature surfaces almost certainly could be detected by the associated effects on skin temperature. Easily repeatable demonstrations show that this is true, and a few simple temperature measurements confirm the theoretical identification of the mechanism.
Reading Too Much Into Baboon Skills?—Response

We agree with Katz et al. that reading is more than orthographic processing. True reading requires a mapping of visual forms onto arbitrary symbols to give words meaning. Notwithstanding our tongue-in-cheek title (“Monkey see, monkey read”), baboons clearly cannot read. Nor are they likely to
The production of experimental exophthalmos.

Exophthalmos has been produced in the fish, Fundulus parvipinnis by the administration of anterior pituitary preparations. Pepsin digestion docs not destroy their effectiveness although it does reduce substantially the thyrotropic activity of such preparations. EXOPHTHALMOS is a condition with a long and confusing history. It has been associated with thyroid dysfunction, and experimentally it has been produced by anterior pituitary fractions. Thyrotropin (TSH) has caused experimental proptosis under a variety of conditions. Normal guinea pigs (1), thyroidectomized guinea pigs (2), few injections (3), many injections (4), TSH alone (5), or TSH augmented with other hormones (6) have all been employed. These variable requirements have been recently attributed to the contamination of TSH preparations with a specific hormone which causes the changes leading to exophthalmos (7), or to the participation of more than one known hormone; e.g. TSH and corticotropin (8
THE RELATION BETWEEN PENICILLIN STRUCTURE AND PENICILLINASE ACTIVITY.

Abstract Staphylococcal penicillinase was isolated and purified and its activity and properties were compared with Bacillus penicillinase. Relatively little change was observed in the Michaelis constants and maximum velocities for either enzyme when the phenyl, benzyl, and aliphatic penicillin series were employed as substrates. Compounds with a positively charged nitrogen in the side-chain (e.g., α-aminobenzylpenicillin, p -aminobenzylpenicillin, and 6-aminopenicillanic acid) produced evidence of a lowered affinity for the enzyme. The marked shift in the optimal pH for activity of the staphylococcal enzyme with 6-aminopenicillanic acid provided additional evidence that a decrease in binding results from the presence of a positive charge in the side-chain. With the Staphylococcus enzyme, the Michaelis constants increased with increasing acid strength of the parent side-chain acids when a series of phenyl penicillins was employed, providing evidence for the presence of an electrophilic or positively charged group at the binding site of penicillin to the enzyme. The participation of histidine in the active site of staphylococcal penicillinase was indicated by the pH-activity curve for benzylpenicillin. Methicillin showed a marked decrease in binding to the enzyme with a relatively small change in maximal velocity (about 4000-fold vs. 25-fold). An explanation for the behavior of the enzyme with methicillin is presented.
Reactions to discrimination in an incentive pay compensation scheme: A game-theoretic approach

Abstract In a series of experiments with undergraduate business students, some behavioral consequences of discrimination in an incentive compensation scheme were investigated. A game-theoretic approach was used to predict the choices subjects should make if they attempted to maximize monetary outcomes. Subjects, who were assigned to either an advantaged or disadvantaged condition, participated in an experiment in which they earned money based on their chosen decisions. The decision choices of the advantaged and disadvantaged groups were then compared to the predicted choices from the game-theory model. The results supported the predictions from the theory of tournaments only in the symmetric tournament, where there was no discrimination. When discrimination was introduced into the experiment, the observed choices of both advantaged and disadvantaged subjects were significantly greater than that predicted by the theory.
COGNITIVE STYLES OF CREATIVITY: RELATIONS OF SCORES ON THE KIRTON ADAPTION-INNOVATION INVENTORY AND THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR AMONG MANAGERS IN USA

The relationship between scores on the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was examined among United States service-sector managers and compared to results found among British management students with work experience. Managers in the service sector were more innovative than the population in general. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between Kirton's innovation style and the Myers-Briggs intuitive and perceptive dimensions, thereby supporting the British findings. A statistically significant positive correlation was also found between Kirton's innovation style and the Myers-Briggs extraversion and feeling dimensions, in contrast to the British findings.
An alternative to steady-state comparisons in perfect foresight models

Abstract This note examines a technique for the computation of the welfare impact of a pertubation of the steady state in a typical perfect foresight model. The major innovation is the ability to analyze non-stationary perturbations.
Wind tunnel measurement of the parapet height role on roof gravel blow-off rate for two dimensional low rise buildings

Abstract A new experimental technique has been developed to measure the rate of removal of aggregate from built-up roofs in severe storms. The technique was used to quantify the rate of removal of aggregate from a two-dimensional building as a function of the building parapet height and the wind speed. The experimental results indicate that the mass flux varies over time. Initially the mass flux is quite high, and there is significant movement of aggregate within the roof cavity formed by the parapet. After this initial adjustment, the mass flux reduces by a factor of four and then remains steady. The adjustment time was found to be independent of the parapet height but strongly dependent on the wind speed. This suggests that the primary role of the parapet is to prevent removal of aggregate from the roof cavity, but that parapets are less effective at preventing aggregate motion within the roof cavity. Increasing the parapet height significantly reduces the mass flux. A parapet height equal to 15% of the building height reduces the blow-off rate by a factor of 100 compared to a roof without a parapet. Further, the addition of a parapet always reduced the mass flux. This stands in contrast to studies of the wind speeds required to initiate motion in which small parapets have been observed to reduce the critical wind speed required to initiate blow-off. Although the experiments were run at relatively small scale, the results were not significantly influenced by viscosity, indicating that small scale wind tunnel studies of mass blow-off rate may, with care, be scaled up to full-size buildings. Again this is in contrast to blow-off initiation studies, in which the wind speed required to start mass removal is strongly dependent on the Reynolds number, and only full scale experimental results should be used in design.
Regional Quantitative Comparison of Multispliced to Unspliced Ratios of HIV-1 RNA Copy Number in Infected Human Brain

ABSTRACT Infection of the brain by HIV-1 often results in cognitive-motor disorders, the most severe form being HIV-1 associated dimentia (HAD). However, the etiology and pathogenesis of neuroAIDS at the molecular level is still not fully understood and controversial issues remain, including the significance of abortive infection and localized viral load. This paper proposes that quantitative comparison of HIV-1 proviral and RNA loads across the brain will clarify some of these issues. It was hypothesized that there are differences in ratios of multi-spliced and unspliced HIV RNA in different regions of brain by analogy with prior findings of brain regional differences in virus and strains of HIV-1. A competitive RT-PCR method was used to compare ratios of multispliced to unspliced HIV-1 RNAs across brain regions of one case with HAD. Statistical analysis results showed that data obtained by repeated assays for each RNA preparation were not significantly different. Significant differences were detected be...
Level of 3-methylcholanthrene in mammary glands of rats after intragastric instillation of carcinogen.

Summary3-methylcholanthrene in a single dose of 10 mg/ml sesame oil when fed to rats through a gastric tube, concentrated in the breast and fat of virgin female rats and in milk and breast of lactating rats. The level of 3-methylcholanthrene in other tissues was either very small or insignificant. It was further demonstrated that 3-methylcholanthrene persisted in a significant amount in these tissues at the end of 8 days following a single feeding of the carcinogen.
Confined wakes: A numerical solution of the Navier‐Stokes equations

A numerical solution of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations is presented for the confined wake formed by the merging of two-plane Poiseuille flow streams. The system of finite-difference equations for the stream function and vorticity is solved by the Peaceman-Rachford elimination method for Reynolds numbers of 1, 50, 387, and 647. While the stability of the numerical method is not a problem for this range of Reynolds numbers, the number of points in the finite-difference network (and hence the computation time) does become burdensome. At high Reynolds numbers, the primary boundary-layer simplification is imposed to yield a set of parabolic equations for the vorticity and stream function. These equations are solved by a straightforward “marching” technique, thus providing a solution with a minimum of computational effort. The “boundary-layer equations” presented in this paper are not subject to the order to obtain the Prandtl boundary-layer equations. The method outlined here represents an approximate solution for high Reynolds numbers, which gives surprisingly good agreement with the complete solution.
“Combustion rate of carbon” fifty years after

Abstract The three papers on the combustion rate of carbon by Hottel and coworkers [1–3] provide a critical point in the field of heterogeneous combustion having laid the foundation for the quantitative analysis of a wide range of heterogeneous chemical reactions. The relevance of the contributions to current research on carbon oxidation is discussed.
Technical Report: Synchrotron Radiation from Outer Space and the Chandra X-ray Observatory

The Chandra X-ray Observatory began its journey into space on July 23, 1999, using the Space Shuttle Columbia for the initial ascent. An upper stage and integral propulsion then placed the observatory into an elliptical orbit with an initial apogee of 140,000 km (1/3 of the distance to the moon) and an initial perigee 10,000 km (about two earth radii). In this orbit, the satellite (Figure 1) is above the radiation belts for more than 75% of the 63.5 hour orbital period, allowing for uninterrupted observations up to more than two days.
Archaeology and the New Materialisms

This article revisits the object of archaeology in light of the New Materialisms. Orienting recent work around three propositions with respect to the reality and definition of things—that is, things are assemblages, things are participants, and things are things—it lays out the core features of the New Materialisms and goes on to address some compelling methodological issues. Ultimately, this article raises a challenge; that New Materialist perspectives reveal a self-definition for archaeology, not as the study of the human past through its material remains, but as the discipline of things, as an “ecology of practices” that approaches the world with care and in wonder.
Novel oxidative rearrangement of β,γ-unsaturated ketone hydrazones on iodination in base

Abstract Iodination of the bicyclic enone hydrazone 3 in excess triethylamine gave, in addition to the expected vinyl iodide 4 , the rearranged aromatic product 5 .
Statistical issues in the identification of risk factors for suicidal behavior: The application of survival analysis

Abstract Studies of suicide risk factors generally examine suicidal behavior as a dichotomous outcome. Survival analytic techniques are discussed in which the time until a suicide attempt from a specific point, such as prior attempt or onset of illness, is also examined. These procedures can incorporate information on those lost to followup or “censored.” One survival analytic technique, Cox's proportional hazards model, is a particularly informative statistical technique for the study of suicidal risk factors because several covariates can be incorporated. Illustrative analyses estimate the significance of different risk factors, and demonstrate that there is a 32% increase in the relative risk of a suicide attempt associated with each prior attempt.
Bow Wave Effect in Aerial Refueling: Computational Analysis and Modeling

Mechanisms contributing to the “bow wave” effect of a receiver on a tanker are investigated, and a modeling method for dynamic simulation is developed. Vortex lattice and Cart3D codes are used to calculate the aerodynamic forces and moments for a C-141B behind a KC-135. The vortex lattice code significantly underpredicts the bow wave effect, whereas the Cart3D code shows good agreement with available flight data. The modeling method uses stream functions for inviscid flow around solid bodies. The flowfield induced by the presence of aircraft bodies is superimposed on the flowfield generated by horseshoe vortices. The resultant flowfield is approximated by the effective uniform translational and rotational velocity components, which are used in the buildup equations for the aerodynamic force and moment coefficients of both tanker and receiver aircraft. This method applied to a flying wing behind a KC135 shows good agreement with Cart3D results. It is concluded that the major contribution to the “bow wave” ...
In the Belly of the Beast: Hawthorne in England

Hawthorne's years in England, the least studied phase of his career, are especially significant for the challenge that English materialism posed to his New England austerity and his romancer's idealism. Beyond recording his complex response to English life and character, his “English Notebooks” and “Our Old Home” show how England permanently inflected his character and sense of experience.
Modulation of mitochondrial complex I activity by reversible Ca2+ and NADH mediated superoxide anion dependent inhibition.

Complex I, a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, exhibits diminished activity as a result of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion is associated with increases in the levels of mitochondrial Ca2+ and pro-oxidants. In the current in vitro study, we sought evidence for a mechanistic link between Ca2+, pro-oxidants, and inhibition of complex I utilizing mitochondria isolated from rat heart. Our results indicate that addition of Ca2+ to solubilized mitochondria results in loss in complex I activity. Ca2+ induced a maximum decrease in complex I activity of approximately 35% at low micromolar concentrations over a narrow physiologically relevant pH range. Loss in activity required reducing equivalents in the form of NADH and was not reversed upon addition of EGTA. The antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and superoxide dismutase, but not catalase, prevented inhibition, indicating the involvement of superoxide anion ( ) in the inactivation process. Importantly, the sulfhydryl redu...
Using the Scenario Method to Analyze Cheating Behaviors

Using student self-reported cheating admissions and answers from a hypothetical cheating scenario, this paper analyzes the effects of individual and situational factors on potential cheating behavior. Results confirm several conclusions about student factors that are related to cheating. The probability of cheating is associated with younger students, lower GPAs, alcohol consumption, fraternity/sorority membership, and having cheated in high school. Student perceptions of the certainty and severity of punishment appear to have a negative and significant impact on the probability of cheating on in-class assignments. Students who report a belief that cheating is never acceptable appear to be significantly less likely to cheat in any circumstance. This study illustrates the context-dependent nature of academic dishonesty, and the associated difficulty in understanding the relationships between measurable factors and cheating behavior.
Comparison of Total Knee Arthroplasty With Highly Congruent Anterior-stabilized Bearings versus a Cruciate-retaining Design

Background The use of a highly conforming, anterior-stabilized bearing has been associated with clinical success in a limited number of studies.
Economic Evolution and Selection: Old Controversies and New Approaches

Many of the early debates about economic methodology, marginalism versus discontinuous change, stasis versus turbulence, co‐operation versus competition, were at base questions of general scientific methodology. During the past 20 years or so there has been a virtual revolution in the field of evolutionary biology. This revolution has had a profound impact on the philosophy of science; an impact which is beginning to be felt in the field of economics. The purpose of this article is to analyse some past controversies in economic methodology in the light of recent developments in evolutionary biology.
Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Thyroid Disease

The relationship between thyroid disorders and rheumatic diseases is significant.Thyroid diseases not only emulate rheumatic disease with findings such as myopathy or arthropathy but also frequently manifest with primary rheumatologic complaints that the practitioner should be wary of, such as calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. There is increasing recognition of the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases in patients with connective tissue disorder, highlighting a common mechanism for the disease pathogenesis, which requires further inquiry.
Solid tumor models for the assessment of different treatment modalities: XVI. Sequential combined modality (Cyclophosphamide-Radiation) therapy.

A tumor cure rate of 60% was realized when three series of combined radiation (1500 rads) and cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) doses were given sequentially to rats with hepatoma 3924A and the time between modalities held constant at 7 days. This sequence was previously shown to enhance tumor sensitivity and diminish host toxicity. The first series was given on days 0 and 7; second, days 14 and 21; and third, days 28 and 35. The cure rate was reduced to 10% when the time of the second series was increased from 14 to 32 days (first series, days 0 and 7; second, days 32 and 39; and third, days 63 and 70). No cures were obtained when the time of the second series of combined cyclophosphamide and radiation was further increased from 14 to 40 days; however, this treatment schedule resulted in at least a threefold increase in life span over controls of 30 +/- 1 days. Two and three single 1500 rad doses of radiation given 14 to 40 days apart produced skin changes within accepted limits of normal tissue tolerance. No major long-term hematological changes in peripheral blood and bone marrow have been demonstrated to date following two andmore » three courses of cyclophosphamide given 14 to 40 days apart. Experimental results indicate that the frequency and dosage of cyclophosphamide and radiation used are within clinically acceptable doses and scheduling.« less
The effects of central stimulation and nasal air flow on induced activity of olfactory structures

Abstract This study investigated the effects of brainstem stimulation (Mes RF, Med RF and Mes CG) and nasal air flow on induced activity recorded from olfactory structures. In acute, artificially respirated, curarized cats, it was possible to observe the influence of this stimulation upon olfactory bulb induced activity without confounding by air flow changes normally elicited by the effect of such stimulation on brainstem respiratory centers. Nasal air flow was manipulated independently by pumping air in puffs through a cannula placed in one naris. With nasal air flow held constant from puff to puff, stimulation in the Mes RF, Med RF and Mes CG produced a strong augmentation of olfactory bulb induced activity. Stimulation in the absence of nasal air flow, however, produced no observable increases in pre-existing olfactory bulb activity. This augmentation was completely eliminated by severing the olfactory peduncle showing that the augmentation was effected via centrifugal fibers running in the olfactory peduncle to the olfactory bulb. Increases in nasal air flow in the absence of brain-stem stimulation caused augmentation of the olfactory bulb induced activity without significant changes in neocortical arousal. These results show that olfactory bulb induced activity varies in amplitude and duration as a function of nasal air flow and centrifugal input. The effect of brain-stem stimulation is, however, one of modulation of a response elicited by nasal air flow, while variations associated with changes in nasal air flow alone probably reflect recruitment of different numbers of olfactory receptors. Additional observations of the effects of nasal air flow and central stimulation on prepyriform and amygdala induced activity are presented and discussed.
An Association of Short Stature, Retarded Sexual Development and High Urinary Gonadotropin Titers in Women1

It has been a common and reasonable presumption that the association of unusual shortness of stature and retarded genital development bespeaks hypopituitarism, especially in the absence of cretinism, gross malnutrition or systemic disease. Even when roentgenological examination of the skull and studies of the visual fields are normal this presumption persists, fortified by a wealth of physiological data establishing the hypophysis as a controlling agent both for growth and for gonadal function and by our knowledge that demonstrable destructive pituitary disease produces similar physical consequences. Low titers of urinary gonadotropins would be expected in such people. However four short girls with deficient sexual development excreted 200 to 500 mouse units of gonadotropins per day, as judged by induced estrin production in the immature mouse, values corresponding to those of the castrate and usually taken to suggest primary ovarian insufficiency. Coincidentally, Albright, Smith and Fraser (1) have had a...
Learning and Teaching From Experience: Perspectives on Nonnative English-Speaking Professionals

The majority teachers of English to speakers of other languages around the world are nonnative speakers of English themselves. " Learning and Teaching from Experience" presents a wide range of views on NNES (nonnative English speaking) professionals in ESL and EFL settings at various academic levels-including K-12, adult education, community college, and university. This informative volume is divided into the sections focusing on theoretical underpinnings, research, teacher preparation, and classroom application specific to issues facing NNES professionals. "Learning and Teaching from Experience" is also one of the first volumes to present work by the founding members of the caucus for nonnative English-speakers in the national TESOL professional association, who are rightly considered to be experts in the field. This book will surely interest NNES teachers and researchers, as well as teacher educators and their trainees in the United States and abroad.
Hydrologic Response and Watershed Sensitivity to Climate Warming in California's Sierra Nevada

This study focuses on the differential hydrologic response of individual watersheds to climate warming within the Sierra Nevada mountain region of California. We describe climate warming models for 15 west-slope Sierra Nevada watersheds in California under unimpaired conditions using WEAP21, a weekly one-dimensional rainfall-runoff model. Incremental climate warming alternatives increase air temperature uniformly by 2°, 4°, and 6°C, but leave other climatic variables unchanged from observed values. Results are analyzed for changes in mean annual flow, peak runoff timing, and duration of low flow conditions to highlight which watersheds are most resilient to climate warming within a region, and how individual watersheds may be affected by changes to runoff quantity and timing. Results are compared with current water resources development and ecosystem services in each watershed to gain insight into how regional climate warming may affect water supply, hydropower generation, and montane ecosystems. Overall, watersheds in the northern Sierra Nevada are most vulnerable to decreased mean annual flow, southern-central watersheds are most susceptible to runoff timing changes, and the central portion of the range is most affected by longer periods with low flow conditions. Modeling results suggest the American and Mokelumne Rivers are most vulnerable to all three metrics, and the Kern River is the most resilient, in part from the high elevations of the watershed. Our research seeks to bridge information gaps between climate change modeling and regional management planning, helping to incorporate climate change into the development of regional adaptation strategies for Sierra Nevada watersheds.
New industrial product performance: The effects of market characteristics and strategy☆

There's no need to state again the complexity of the problem of achieving high performance in the new product process. What we do need is a framework to help sort out the complexity, and that is what Eunsang Yoon and Gary Lilien provide in this article. They first differentiate between original and reformulated new products. Then they examine how patterns of R&D and marketing activities determine short and long-run success.
Soft error rate results of thin film media on glass substrates

A study has been conducted to determine the effect on soft error rate, SER, of depositing thin film media on amorphous glass substrates. Glass substrates were precoated with several materials to facilitate heating the substrate to the temperature required to maintain the film's characteristics and to prevent the surface contamination from reacting with the underlayer and the magnetic layer. The soft error rate was studied at a range of linear densities, varying from 85 to 125 KBpi, as a function of the precoat process, in-situ and ex-situ, and the precoating materials used, NiP, Ti, C. It was found that the soft error rate, as well as the signal to noise ratio, degraded dramatically in media that were not precoated. However, no clear distinction was found in terms of the best SER performance among the elements considered as precoats. Soft error rate results measured on glass disks were compared to data obtained on NiP/AlMg disks, both textured and polished.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chukar partridges, pheasants, and peafowl

SUMMARY. Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection was diagnosed in a group of chukar partridges, pheasants, and peafowl based on serology and isolation techniques. The farm also had quail, chickens, and ducks. Clinical signs in growing birds consisted of foamy eyes, swollen infraorbital sinuses, respiratory distress, and death. Breeding birds experienced a severe drop in eggproduction. Histologically, the growing birds exhibited lymphoplasmacytic inflammation of the conjunctiva, sinus, and trachea. The most likely source of infection was either chickens, which had been introduced before the onset of clinical signs, or the chukar partridge breeders, which had been obtained at various hunting field trials.
Recurrence of Hemifacial Spasm after Microvascular Decompression

The success of medical and surgical treatment for hemifacial spasm, and involuntary paroxysmal unilateral contraction of the facial muscles, has been mixed. Although microvascular decompression has the greatest reported success, symptom recurrence affects many patients in whom treatment was initially successful. In this study, we report the results of 34 patients who underwent microvascular decompression of the facial nerve from 1976 to 1989 as well as review the literature concerning the incidence and timing of recurrence in more than 600 patients who underwent microvascular decompression. In this series, 94% of 34 patients had continuous relief of spasm after surgical treatment (mean duration, > 6 yr). Of those patients whose spasms were completely initially relieved, 10.3% developed some degree of recurrent spasm; however, no patient developed a recurrence after 24 months without spasm. Our review of the literature discloses that 86% of all recurrences occurred within 2 years of surgery. Patients who have no recurrence of symptoms 2 years after surgical treatment have only a 1% chance of developing recurrent hemifacial spasm. We also comment on possible causes of treatment failure and recurrence of hemifacial spasm after surgical treatment.
Radiofrequency tissue ablation in the rabbit lung: efficacy and complications.

Rationale and Objectives. We assessed the feasibility and safety of performing percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tissue in rabbits. Methods. Using an aseptic technique and computed tomography (CT) guidance, insulated 19-gauge aspiration biopsy needles were inserted into the right lower lobe of eight New Zealand White rabbits. Radiofrequency was applied via a coaxial electrode for 6 min at 90°C. Probe-tip temperature, tissue impedance, and wattage were recorded at baseline and at 60-sec intervals throughout the procedure. CT scanning was used to assess tissue destruction and the presence or absence of pneumothorax immediately after the procedure and at 24 hr, 3 days, 10 days, 21 days, and 28 days. Three rabbits were sacrificed immediately, and the remaining rabbits were euthanized at 24 hr and at 3 days, 10 days, and 28 days (two rabbits). Gross and microscopic pathology were obtained and correlated with CT findings. Results. The mean initial tissue impedance was 509 ± 197 Ω; marked changes in tissue impedance were found during the procedure (240–1380 Ω). Rigid temperature control required continuous manual fine-tuning of generator output. Increased respiratory rate was noted in one rabbit during the first 30 sec of radiofrequency application. Homogeneous, ovoid opacities 8.4 ± 2.4 mm in diameter and 1.4 ± 0.1 cm in length were found by CT scanning immediately after the procedure. These opacities showed maximal consolidation at 3 days, corresponding to coagulative necrosis and a peripheral acute inflammatory reaction. At 10 days, peripheral hyperattenuation with central hypoatenuation (early fibrosis surrounding degenerating blood products) was seen. Minimal residual fibrosis, pleural scarring, or both were noted by 28 days, suggesting a rapid, near-total recovery from the procedure. Lesion sizes were within 2 mm of gross pathologic findings. Pneumothoraces were noted in three of the eight rabbits (37.5%). Conclusion. Radiofrequency tissue ablation was safely performed in pulmonary parenchyma via a percutaneous, transthoracic approach using a coaxial needle technique. Tissue response to thermal injury was predictable and easily monitored by CT scanning with excellent radiologic-pathologic correlation.
Oxygen Atom Transfer from Silyl Hydroperoxide. Chlorohydrin Formation

Abstract In the context of developing synthetic reactions based on the HSAB principle1, it was discerned that triorganosilyl hydroperoxides possess a similar bonding arrangement to that found in percarboxylic acids; both types of compounds being made up of a soft acid-soft base pair with respect to the 0-0 linkage. In addition, acyl and triorganosilyl groups may be considered as functionally equivalent since both are hard acid centers capable of accepting electrons. In the acyl group, excess electrons can be displaced toward the oxygen end, whereas silicon avails itself of vacant d orbitals to accomodate the negative charge.