cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cerebral regional oxygenation during aortic coarctation repair in pediatric population

Objective: During repair of aortic coarctation, clamping of the transvers ea ortic arch proximal to the left common carotid artery occludes blood flow to the left carotid and vertebral arteries. The objective of the present study is to determine whether blood flow through the right carotid and vertebral arteries provides adequate cerebral blood flow during aortic cross-clamping, as assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy. Methods: In 11 consecutive children undergoing aortic coarctation repair through a standard posterolateral thoracotomy, regional cerebral oxygen saturation (cSO2) was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. Six patients underwent an extended end-to-end repair, in which the aortic cross-clamp was placed in between the innominate and left common carotid arteries (extended repair group). Five patients underwent a standard end-to-end repair in which the cross-clamp was clamp placed between the left common carotid and subclavian arteries (standard repair group). Results: After aortic clamping, there was a significant decrease in cSO2 in the extended repair group, whereas the cSO2 increased in the standard repair group (9.2 12.2 vs 6.0 5.1%, extended vs standard repair groups, p = 0.03). In the extended repair group, the cSO2 decreased linearly during the aortic cross-clamping period (rS = 0.842, p < 0.001), while in the standard repair group, the cSO2 increased during the same time period (rS = 0.786, p < 0.001). Regression analysis identified the site of aortic cross-clamping as the sole independently significant variable explaining changes in the cSO2 duringaortic cross-clamping (p < 0.03), whereas neitherage nor duration of aortic cross-clamping was statistically significant. There were no postoperative neurological impairments in either group of patients. Conclusion: During aortic coarctation repair, aortic cross-clamping proximal, as compared to distal, to the left carotid artery is associated with significantly decreased regional cerebral oxygen saturation, as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Although no short-term clinical impairments were identified, long-term follow-up in a larger cohort is needed to study the effects of unbalanced cerebral oxygenation during clamping of the transverse arch. These data suggest that cerebral saturation monitoring is warranted, and may be indicative of cerebral hypoperfusion.
A cellular automata model of Ebola virus dynamics

Abstract We construct a stochastic cellular automaton (SCA) model for the spread of the Ebola virus (EBOV). We make substantial modifications to an existing SCA model used for HIV, introduced by others and studied by the authors. We give a rigorous analysis of the similarities between models due to the spread of virus and the typical immune response to it, and the differences which reflect the drastically different timing of the course of EBOV. We demonstrate output from the model and compare it with clinical data.
Lagrange and Legendre

On 12 August 1755 a 19-year-old, one Ludovico de la Grange Tournier of Turin, wrote Euler a brief letter to which was attached an appendix containing mathematical details of a very beautiful and revolutionary idea (see Lagrange [1755] and Euler [1755]). He saw how to eliminate from Euler’s methods of 1744 the tedium and need for geometrical insight and to reduce the entire process to a quite analytic machine or apparatus, which could turn out the necessary condition of Euler and more, almost automatically. This basic idea of Lagrange ushered in a new epoch in the calculus of variations. Indeed after seeing Lagrange’s work, Euler dropped his own method, espoused that of Lagrange, and renamed the subject the calculus of variations.1
Monolithic 50×50 MEMS silicon photonic switches with microsecond response time

We report on 50x50 MEMS-actuated silicon photonic switches with 16V switching voltage and microsecond switching time. 2,500 MEMS cantilever 1x2 waveguide switches have been integrated on 9mmx9mm chips
Effect of interlayer on interfacial thermal transport and hot electron cooling in metal-dielectric systems: An electron-phonon coupling perspective

It was reported that an interlayer with intermediate phonon spectra between two dielectric materials could reduce the phononic interfacial thermal resistance. In this work, we show that an appropriate choice of interlayer materials with relatively strong electron-phonon coupling could significantly enhance interfacial thermal transport across metal-dielectric interfaces. Our Boltzmann transport simulations demonstrate that such enhancement is achieved by the elimination of electron-phonon nonequilibrium near the original metal-dielectric interface. Moreover, we reveal that interlayer can substantially accelerate hot electron cooling in thin films with weak electron-phonon coupling, for example, Cu, Ag, and Au, supported on a dielectric substrate. At the same time, lattice heating in the thin film is largely reduced.
Patch clamp recordings of retinal bipolar cells in response to extracellular electrical stimulation in wholemount mouse retina

Retinitis pigmentosa is a family of inherited retinal diseases identified by the degeneration of photoreceptors, which leads to blindness. In efforts to restore vision lost to retinitis pigmentosa, retinal prostheses have been developed to generate visual percepts by electrically stimulating the surviving retinal bipolar and ganglion cells. The response of retinal ganglion cells to electrical stimulation has been characterized through direct measurement. However, the response of bipolar cells has only been inferred by measuring retinal ganglion cell activity. This investigation reports on a novel tissue preparation technique facilitating bipolar cell patch clamp recordings in wholemount retina. We find that bipolar cells respond to extracellular electrical stimuli with time-locked voltage spike depolarizations, which are likely mediated by voltage-gated calcium channels.
Sofosbuvir and simeprevir without ribavirin effectively treat hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection after liver transplantation in a two-center experience.

BACKGROUND The interferon-free antiviral regimen, sofosbuvir (SOF) and simeprevir (SIM) without ribavirin has been reported to achieve high sustained virologic response (SVR) rates with few adverse effects when treating patients with hepatitis C genotype 1 (HCV GT1) infection. However, there is scarcity of safety and efficacy data in this regimen after liver transplantation (LT). AIM AND METHODS We aim to report the safety, tolerability and efficacy of SOF + SIM to treat LT recipients with recurrent HCV GT1 in a multicenter cohort study. RESULTS Eighty-one patients with HCV GT1 met criteria to be considered for treatment. Sixty-seven patients received SOF + SIM following LT to date: 69% male, 39% with HCV RNA >6 000 000 IU/mL, 22% advanced hepatic fibrosis (stage 3-4), 6% cholestatic recurrence. Fifty-eight percent previously failed or did not tolerate interferon-based treatments. Mean time from LT to treatment was 6.1 ± 5.2 yr. All patients had estimated GFR >30 mL/min. Tacrolimus was primary immunosuppression in 84% of patients and minimal immunosuppression dose adjustments were required during treatment. In intention-to-treat analysis, 90% achieved end-of-treatment virologic response and 88% achieved SVR. CONCLUSIONS Sofosbuvir + SIM combination therapy without ribavirin is well tolerated and results in high virologic response rates in recurrent HCV GT1 infection after liver transplantation.
The Medicare post-acute care payment reform initiative: impact and opportunity for case management.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 mandated that a standardized patient assessment occurs for all Medicare recipients at hospital discharge (regardless of whether they are transferred to a post-acute care [PAC] setting) and during stays in PAC settings to support PAC payment reform. The purpose of this article is to describe the current progress on this initiative and the impact and opportunities it presents for case managers. PRIMARY PRACTICE SETTINGS The mandate applies to acute care hospitals, skilled nursing and inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs), home health (HHA), and long-term care hospitals. FINDINGS/CONCLUSIONS The PAC payment reform demonstration project is under way. The same standardized assessment tool will be utilized to measure the patient's health and functional progress throughout the entire episode of care. A Web application for providers to submit the assessment data to Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services is also under development. A final report must be submitted in Congress in 2011. IMPLICATIONS FOR CASE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE 1. An assessment of a patient's discharge health and functional status will be available to the healthcare team to determine appropriate placement into a PAC site. 2. A patient's health and functional progress will be monitored throughout an episode of care. 3. Case managers have long known that paying attention to patients' needs across the care continuum can impact the outcomes of the care provided. 4. You can impact this initiative by discussing the opportunity to participate in the effort with other members of your organization and/or providing information on patient characteristics important to the discharge/transfer decision to the study team.
Metal-ion binding via a cyclic network of intramolecular halogen-bonded interactions: a theoretical study

ABSTRACTA cyclic network of four intramolecular C–I…N interactions is shown to bind Na+ and Ca2+ with corresponding binding energies of 57 and 175 kcal/mol, respectively. The halogen-bonded network is built by connecting four molecules of 2-iodoimidazole with acetylene and ethylene as convenient linkers. 2-iodoimidazole provides both the halogen bond donor and the halogen bond acceptor moieties. Each of the four iodine atoms participates in the binding of the metal ion as indicated by the presence of bond paths connecting the metal ion with each one of the halogen atoms in the host, and orthogonal to the C–I…N interactions. A similar intermolecular network of C–I…N interactions is also found to form by the interactions of four 2-iodoimidazole molecules. In contrast to its intramolecular counterpart, the intermolecular C–I…N network is at least partly destroyed upon metal-ion binding as the metal ion competes somewhat successfully for the lone pair of the acceptor nitrogen atoms.
Osteogenic Potential of Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells for Calvaria Bone Regeneration

Osteogenic cells derived from rat multipotent adult progenitor cells (rMAPCs) were investigated for their potential use in bone regeneration. rMAPCs are adult stem cells derived from bone marrow that have a high proliferation capacity and the differentiation potential to multiple lineages. They may also offer immunomodulatory properties favorable for applications for regenerative medicine. rMAPCs were cultivated as single cells or as 3D aggregates in osteogenic media for up to 38 days, and their differentiation to bone lineage was then assessed by immunostaining of osteocalcin and collagen type I and by mineralization assays. The capability of rMAPCs in facilitating bone regeneration was evaluated in vivo by the direct implantation of multipotent adult progenitor cell (MAPC) aggregates in rat calvarial defects. Bone regeneration was examined radiographically, histologically, and histomorphometrically. Results showed that rMAPCs successfully differentiated into osteogenic lineage by demonstrating mineralized extracellular matrix formation in vitro and induced new bone formation by the effect of rMAPC aggregates in vivo. These outcomes confirm that rMAPCs have a good osteogenic potential and provide insights into rMAPCs as a novel adult stem cell source for bone regeneration.
Computing abelian complexity of binary uniform morphic words

Although a lot of research has been done on the factor complexity (also called subword complexity) of morphic words obtained as fixed points of iterated morphisms, there has been little development in exploring algorithms that can efficiently compute their abelian complexity. The factor complexity counts the number of factors of a given length n, while the abelian complexity counts that number up to letter permutation. We propose and analyze a simple O ( n ) algorithm for quickly computing the exact abelian complexities for all indices from 1 up to n, when considering binary uniform morphisms. Using our algorithm we also analyze the structure in the abelian complexity for that class of morphisms. Our main result implies, in particular, that the infinite word over the alphabet { - 1 , 0 , 1 } constructed from the consecutive forward differences of the abelian complexity of a fixed point of a binary uniform morphism is in fact an automatic sequence with the same morphic length. Since the proof produces morphisms that typically contain many redundant letters, we present an efficient algorithm to eliminate them in order to simplify the morphisms and to see the patterns produced more clearly.
Mapping the locus of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: diagnostic application.

The recent identification of a number of restriction fragment length polymorphisms linked to ADPKD now offers a method for diagnosis in families that are large enough for linkage and phase of linkage to be established. Recently, however, families have been identified in which linkage to 16p markers cannot be detected. Such genetic heterogeneity of linkage limits the value of diagnostic methods based on linkage analysis and focuses attention on the need for direct diagnosis of disease-producing mutations. This in turn requires the isolation, cloning, and characterization of ADPKD genes. A refined map of the region around the PKD1 gene, the ADPKD gene localized on chromosome 16p, is presented
Prostate specific antigen five years following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for low and intermediate risk prostate cancer: An ablative procedure?

123Background: Our previous work on early PSA kinetics following prostate SBRT showed that an initial rapid and then slow PSA decline may result in very low PSA nadirs. This retrospective study sought to evaluate the PSA nadir 5 years following SBRT for low and intermediate risk prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: 65 low and 80 intermediate risk PCa patients were treated definitively with SBRT at Georgetown University Hospital between January 2008 and October 2011. All patients were treated to 35-37.5 Gy in 5 fractions delivered via the CyberKnife Radiosurgical System. Patients who received androgen deprivation therapy were excluded from this study. Pre- and post-treatment PSA and total testosterone levels were obtained during routine follow up visits. Biochemical relapse was defined as a PSA rise > 2 ng/mL above the nadir and analyzed using the Kaplan Meier method. The PSA nadir was defined as the lowest PSA value prior to biochemical relapse or as the lowest value recorded during follow up. Prostate ablatio...
Nanoporous Boron Nitride as Exceptionally Thermally Stable Adsorbent: Role in Efficient Separation of Light Hydrocarbons.

In this work, nanoporous boron nitride sample was synthesized with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 1360 m2/g and particle size 5–7 μm. The boron nitride was characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under nitrogen and air and subsequent analysis with XPS and XRD suggested that its structure is stable in air up to 800 °C and in nitrogen up to 1050 °C, which is higher than most of the common adsorbents reported so far. Nitrogen and hydrocarbon adsorption at 298 K and pressure up to 1 bar suggested that all hydrocarbon adsorption amounts were higher than that of nitrogen and the adsorbed amount of hydrocarbon increases with an increase in its molecular weight. The kinetics of adsorption data suggested that adsorption becomes slower with the increase in molecular weight of hydrocarbons. The equilibrium data suggested that that boron nitride is selective to paraffins in a paraffin–ol...
Experience affects behavioral responses to sex odors

The term “pheromone” was originally coined to categorize specified chemical substances, excreted or secreted from one individual, which communicate information to another conspecific (Karlson and Butenandt, 1959). Much of the initial work investigating pheromonal communication utilized insects with the result that the term has been classically associated with relatively invariant behavioral or physiological responses elicited by quite specific chemicals.
Efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis following primary radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a downstream complication following radiotherapy or chemoradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is an accepted therapy for medically refractory CRS, but its efficacy in addressing CRS symptoms in patients with previously irradiated NPC is unclear. Methods All patients at the Stanford Sinus Center with a history of radiation therapy or chemoradiation for NPC between 2006 and 2015 were reviewed. Patients without antecedent CRS prior to NPC treatment (n = 26) were retrospectively divided into 2 cohorts based on whether they developed postirradiation CRS and underwent ESS (surgical group, n = 13) or did not develop CRS (control, n = 13). Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected, and temporal changes in 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score were compared. Results The median time following primary irradiation to initial presentation was 6.8 and 6.5 years in the surgical and control groups, respectively. The surgical cohort had statistically greater baseline SNOT-22 scores than the control group (45 vs 14, p = 0.0198). At 6 to 12 months postoperatively, the surgical group demonstrated statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in SNOT-22 scores when compared to controls (15-point decrease vs 0, p = 0.0040), ultimately resulting in similar SNOT-22 scores for both groups (28 vs 18, p = 0.3687). The rhinologic, extranasal, and ear/face subdomain scores of the surgical group were significantly greater than those of the control group preoperatively (rhinologic: p = 0.0010; extranasal: p = 0.0179; ear/face: p = 0.0068), but these disparities resolved postoperatively (rhinologic: p = 0.1461; extranasal: p = 0.3131; ear/face: p = 0.3401). Conclusion ESS appears to effectively manage recalcitrant CRS symptoms in patients previously treated with radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy for NPC.
Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Activate Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways in Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells.

Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption varies among bone diseases. This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinati...
A Multi-Functional View of Moral Disengagement: Exploring the Effects of Learning the Consequences.

This paper takes us beyond the unethical act and explores the use of moral disengagement as a multi-stage, multi-functional regulatory and coping mechanism that not only allows individuals to engage in unethical behavior, but also manage the negative emotions (i.e., guilt and shame) from learning the consequences of such behavior. A resource-based lens is applied to the moral disengagement process, suggesting that individuals not only morally disengage prior to committing an unethical act in order to conserve their own resources, but also morally disengage as a coping mechanism to reduce emotional duress upon learning of the consequences of their actions, which we describe as post-moral disengagement. These assertions are tested using a scenario-based laboratory study consisting of 182 respondents. Findings indicate that individuals will morally disengage in order to commit an unethical act, will experience negative emotions from having learned of the consequences, and then will engage in post-moral disengagement as a coping mechanism. In addition, the findings suggest that guilt and shame relate differently to moral disengagement.
3D echocardiographic optimization of residual native myocardial function in patients with left ventricular assist devices

Preservation of native left ventricular (LV) function in patients supported with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) may be beneficial to attain optimal hemodynamics and theoretically enhance potential recovery. Currently, LVAD speed optimization is based on hemodynamic parameters, without considering residual native LV function. We hypothesized that, alternatively, LV rotational mechanics can be quantified by 3D echocardiography (3DE), and may help preserve native LV function while optimizing LVAD speed. We sought to: (1) test the feasibility of quantifying the effects of LVAD implantation on LV rotational mechanics, and (2) determine whether conventional speed optimization maximally preserves native LV function. We studied 55 patients with LVADs, who underwent transthoracic 3DE imaging (Philips) and quantitative analysis of LV twist (TomTec). Thirty patients were studied before and after LVAD implantation. The remaining 25 patients were studied during hemodynamics ramp studies. The pump speed at which LV twist was maximal was compared with the hemodynamics based optimal speed. LV twist decreased following LVAD implantation from 4.2±2.7 to 2.3±1.9° (p<0.01), reflecting the constricting effects on native function. During the lower speeds of the ramp studies, no significant changes were noted in LV twist, which peaked at a higher pump speed. In 11/25 (44%) patients, the conventional hemodynamic+2DE methodology and 3DE assessment of maximal residual function did not indicate the same optimal conditions, suggesting that at a higher pump speed would have better preserved native function. Quantitative 3DE analysis of LV rotational mechanics provides information, which together with hemodynamics may help select optimal pump speed, while better preserving native LV function.
Whose Hand on the Tiller? Revisiting “Spatial Statistical Analysis and GIS”

Anselin and Getis argue in their 1992 paper “Spatial statistical analysis and GIS” that the development of a toolbox of spatial analytic techniques should be directed by the scientists whose work defines the need for such a toolbox. The field of GIS has changed fundamentally since 1992 as a result of new technical developments, including a general move away from the map as the defining metaphor, the influence of the Internet and the World Wide Web, and changes in the practice of software engineering. Science as a whole has also changed, towards a more collaborative model that is more dependent on computational infrastructure. The impacts of space on the methodology of science are also better understood. The Anselin and Getis paper was remarkably prescient in its identification of the major issues that continue to affect the relationship between spatial analysis and GIS. Institutional issues continue to frame the relationship between GIS and spatial analysis, and are best addressed through partnerships.
How Safe is the Blood Supply in the United States

It has long been known that transfusion of blood or its derivatives may also result in the inadvertent transmission of infectious agents, particularly those associated with a silent carrier state. For many years, hepatitis and syphilis were the only diseases which were recognized as transmissible by this route, but there appeared to be relatively little anxiety among the general public. The recognition of AIDS among recipients of clotting factor concentrates and single donor transfusions was, in contrast, widely publicised and led to considerable and continuing concern. Indeed, the association between blood transfusion and AIDS became so firm that a significant proportion of the population mistakenly believed that AIDS could be contracted as a result of giving blood. The need to reduce transfusion associated AIDS led to a new and more intensive focus on the whole issue of the safety of the blood supply. In fact, in the three years following the introduction of HIV antibody screening, three additional tests were implemented by blood collection agencies as measures to reduce the transmission of other viruses. In addition, there have been demonstrable improvements in the methods used to screen the donor population and there is real hope that inactivation of viral or microbial contaminants in cellular blood products will be achieved. It will be shown that the chance of being infected by blood transfusion has never been lower than it is now. Finally, physicians have recognized the need to review the risks and benefits of every transfusion and to seek safe alternatives wherever possible.
Cosmological Applications of Massive Gravity

Models of modified gravity in the infrared are especially appealing for their late-time cosmology. We review different models before focusing on the cosmology of massive gravity. We start by information derived from its decoupling limit where a self-acceleration solution can be found but suffers from strong coupling issues in the vector modes. This feature is carried through for most FRW self-accelerating solutions in the full theory. We emphasize the role played by inhomogeneous solutions which reduce to a self-accelerating FRW solution on distances comparable to our current Universe but are inhomogeneous at larger distances. We also give an overview of cosmological solutions in extensions of massive gravity such as bi-gravity and quasi-dilaton massive gravity.
Robust Nonproprietary Software

Our ultimate goal here is to be able to develop robust systems and applications that are capable of satisfying serious requirements, not merely for security but also for reliability, fault tolerance, human safety, and survivability in the face of a wide range of realistic adversities - including hardware malfunctions, software glitches, inadvertent human actions, massive coordinated attacks, and acts of God. Also relevant are additional operational requirements such as interoperability, evolvability and maintainability, as well as discipline in the software development process.
The Cancer Emergency Department—The Ohio State University James Cancer Center Experience

In 2015, The James Cancer Hospital's Emergency Department (ED) opened at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center's ED. Careful planning was undertaken to assure that the needs of patients with cancer would be addressed. Strong relationships between experts in hematology, oncology, and emergency medicine were built to maximize the positive impact. Ongoing reevaluation of operational needs facilitates optimal patient flow, resource use, and opportunities to build and develop new resources. The results are evident in improved patient satisfaction in the cancer ED and a much smoother flow of patients into the system.
The Long Shadow: Legacy Collections in the National Air and Space Museum

The Archives Division of the National Air and Space Museum maintains a number of document collections created by the Museum before the establishment of the Division. Because of their size and utili...
Family versus couples: how travel goal influences evaluations of bundled travel packages.

This research investigates how travel goal activates judgmental heuristics when choosing a travel package. Family travelers must consider the complex needs of all family members, whereas couples fa...
Content of ileal EAAC1 and hepatic GLT-1 high-affinity glutamate transporters is increased in growing vs. nongrowing lambs, paralleling increased tissue D- and L-glutamate, plasma glutamine, and alanine concentrations.

Glutamate is a central metabolite for whole-animal energy and N metabolism. This study tested the hypothesis that ileal epithelium, liver, and kidney content of system X - AG glutamate transporters EAAC1 and GLT-1 would be up-regulated to support growth of wethers (30 ± 1.2 kg) fed a forage-based diet for at least 14 d to gain (2.0 x NE m ; n = 9) vs. maintain (1.2 x NE m ; n = 9) BW. We have previously demonstrated that two high-affinity glutamate transporters (EAAC1, GLT-1) are expressed by these extensive glutamate metabolizing epithelial tissues. Wethers fed at 2.0 x NE m gained (P < 0.001; 0.26 kg/d) BW, whereas those fed 1.2 x NE m did not. Although plasma concentrations (μM) of glucose and L- or D-glutamate did not differ, plasma glutamine (precursor of glutamate) and alanine concentrations (transamination product of glutamate) were 28% (P < 0.007) and 22% (P < 0.072) greater for growing lambs than nongrowing lambs. In tissues, the concentration of L-glutamate in ileum epithelia and D-glutamate of liver was 49%(P < 0.015) and 181% (P < 0.042) greater, respectively, in growing vs. nongrowing animals, whereas concentrations of glutamate isoforms did not differ in kidney. Paralleling these increased amino acid concentrations, ileal epithelium contained 313% more (P < 0.038) EAAC1 protein and liver contained 240% more (P < 0.001) GLT-1 protein, whereas kidney transporter content did not differ between growing and nongrowing wethers. In contrast to increased EAAC1 and GLT-1 protein content in ileal and liver tissue of growing lambs, messenger RNA levels did not differ. These results indicate that the increased capacity for high-affinity glutamate uptake in growing vs. nongrowing lambs is achieved through increased expression of EAAC1by ileal epithelium and GLT1 by liver, which parallel increased tissue concentrations of glutamate and plasma concentrations of two major interorgan N carriers, glutamine and alanine.
Extending advice response theory to the advisor: Similarities, differences, and partner-effects in advisor and recipient advice evaluations

ABSTRACTWe extended advice response theory by drawing from construal-level theory to understand advisors’ evaluation processes and how advisors’ and recipients’ evaluations impact each other. An ac...
How the evolving epidemics of opioid misuse and HIV infection may be changing the risk of oral sexually transmitted infection risk through microbiome modulation

AbstractThe epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STI) is constantly evolving, and the mechanisms of infection risk in the oral cavity (OC) are poorly characterized. Evidence indicates t...
Conservative Management and Natural History of Ruptured Basilar Perforator Artery Aneurysms: Two Cases and Literature Review.

Background Basilar perforator aneurysms are rare causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage and their natural history is poorly characterized. Although various treatment strategies have been reported, conservative management is an option that has been associated with a high likelihood of spontaneous resolution. Case Description Here we present 2 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1 diffuse and the other perimesencephalic, due to small ruptured basilar perforator artery aneurysms. These aneurysms were only identified after repeat angiography. Conservative management with serial imaging was pursued. Both patients did well clinically and repeat imaging demonstrated spontaneous resolution of the ruptured aneurysms. We also provide a literature review of ruptured basilar perforator aneurysms, showing a ~10% re-rupture rate within the early post-rupture period but otherwise a high rate of spontaneous resolution. Conclusions Although basilar perforator aneurysms can re-rupture, there is also a high likelihood of spontaneous resolution. Given the challenges of treatment, conservative management is an option that can be considered.
MULTIPLE FORMS OF PIG HEART AND Herellea vaginicola SUCCINATE THIOKINASE, EFFECTS OF SULFHYDRAL GROUPS AND LIGANDS

ABSTRACT. Multiplicity of pig heart succinate thiokinase has been observed in isoelectric focusing studies. The pH values of the isozymic forms are 6.4, 6.2, 6.0, 5.9, and 5.8. All are kinetically indistinguishable and have similar molecular weights, heat stabilities, and pH optimum.
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer and Cutaneous Melanoma in the Pediatric Population

Melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in children and adolescents are extremely rare, and the literature guiding the international pediatric medical community remains limited. The oncologic treatment of pediatric skin cancer continues to be extrapolated from the adult literature. A combination of biologic materials and advanced cosmetic reconstructive techniques continues to evolve in an attempt to achieve satisfactory oncologic outcomes while avoiding potentially disfiguring and catastrophic results. The purpose of this chapter is to comprehensively review the most prevalent cutaneous cancers affecting this pediatric population including melanoma, spitzoid melanoma, and squamous and basal cell carcinomas, in addition to the fundamental principles, techniques, and functional outcomes regarding cosmetic reconstruction surgery.
Adrenal Gland Signs

The cortisol-to-cortisone shunt is central to our understanding of not only physiological cortisol resistance but also various causes of pseudohyperaldosteronism. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, catecholamine synthesis, and adrenal steroidogenesis will be reviewed in this chapter. Unusual eponymous terms such as Chrousos syndrome and Houssay phenomenon will be revisited.
Global process safety incidents in the pharmaceutical industry

Abstract The objective of this research is to analyse global process safety incidents within the pharmaceutical industry in terms of their consequences and factors contributing to the incidents. There were 73 process safety incidents leading to 108 fatalities found between 1985 and 2019. Trends between the number of incidents, number of fatalities, location, and contributing factors were identified and summarized. The most reported fatalities occurred in 2018 & 2019. 83% of fatalities occurred in China and India. Explosions were associated with 71% of incidents, which resulted in 89% of fatalities. For most of the international incidents, incident investigations were not available and thus insufficient details were available to determine the causes. Contributing factors were available or estimated from available data for about half of the incidents, with the following most common: hazard awareness & identification; operating procedures; design; safeguards, controls & layers of protection; safety culture; and preventive maintenance. These findings can be used as a basis to improve process safety performance in the pharmaceutical industry.
In-Hospital acute ischemic stroke following ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract Background In-hospital ischemic stroke following acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has not been evaluated on a national scale in the United States. Methods We used 2003 to 2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample data to identify adults with a principal diagnosis of STEMI. Patients were divided into two groups defined by presence or absence of ischemic stroke. Clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were studied using relevant statistics. Multiple linear and logistic regression models identified factors associated with ischemic stroke, national trend of in-hospital stroke incidence and in-hospital mortality. Results Of 1,842,529 STEMI patients hospitalized from 2003 to 2014, 22,268 (1.2%) developed acute in-hospital ischemic stroke. Those with acute strokes were older (age ≥ 65 years: 70% vs 46%), more likely female (51% vs 33%), and had higher rates of atrial fibrillation (28.9% vs 12.2%) and heart failure (40.5% vs 21.1%). Age and gender adjusted incidence of in-hospital ischemic stroke following STEMI remained stable; 1.4% in 2003 and 1.5% in 2014 (P trend = 0.50). However, age and gender adjusted in-hospital mortality declined in STEMI patients with and without in-hospital ischemic stroke [AOR 0.97 (0.95–0.99) P trend = 0.03, and AOR 0.98 (0.98–0.99) P trend Conclusion In the United States, the incidence of acute in-hospital stroke remained stable from 2003 to 2014 following STEMI with significant decrease of in-hospital mortality trends. Despite slight improvement in mortality trends, in-hospital mortality rates remained elevated calling for interventions to optimize health care delivery.
Improving Decision Making by Consideration of Type I and Type II Error Costs

Dairy producers must make good decisions regarding potential new products or interventions in order to optimize profitability. Choosing to use a product that does not yield a profitable response is an example of a type I error. The concept of minimizing type I error cost by good decision making is usually intuitive. However, the concept of"lost opportunity cost" is a bit more nebulous. The choice of not using a product that in reality would have returned a profit is an example of a lost opportunity or a type II error cost. Calculation of the error costs for a single product with sound research is straightforward. Applying this concept to reproductive interventions is more problematic due to the difficulty in measuring the value of reproductive change. The model presented in this paper attempts to quantify the value of improved reproductive performance by estimating the value of the change in milk production, the value of calves produced, and the effects of culling changes. Application of type I and type II error theory to the question of "should TAI be used" yielded different results in the two examples. In the first scenario, the conclusion reached was that overall, herds with a baseline pregnancy rate (PR) of 16% or less utilizing AI based upon detection of estrus should carefully consider the use of TAI based on the large advantage of type II vs type I error costs. However, in scenario two, herds that have already achieved a PR of 17% have less to gain economically by making the reproductive management change.
Quantifying the social benefits and costs of reducing phosphorus pollution under climate change.

Abstract Excess phosphorus loading to waterbodies has led to increasing frequency and severity of harmful algal blooms, negatively impacting economic activity and human health. While interventions to improve water quality can create large societal benefits, these investments are costly and the value of benefits is often unknown. Understanding the social and economic impacts of reduced phosphorus loading is critical for developing effective land use policies and for generating public and political support for these initiatives. Here, we quantify the social benefits and costs of improving water quality in Lake Champlain under a range of phosphorus reduction and climate change scenarios between 2016 and 2050. We use statistical models to link water quality outputs from an established integrated assessment model with three categories of benefits: tourism expenditures, property sales, and avoided human health impacts. We estimate the costs of reducing phosphorus loading using data reported by the State of Vermont. We find that under the most aggressive phosphorus reduction scenario, the total benefits of improved water quality are $55 to $60 million between 2016 and 2050. Over this 35 year time horizon, the combined benefits do not outweigh the costs under any scenario. If the time horizon is extended to 2100 or beyond, however, the benefits may exceed the costs if the applied discount rate is less than 3%. Importantly, we almost certainly underestimate the value of clean water, due to the omission of other types of benefits. Despite this uncertainty, our study provides a tractable framework for disentangling the complex relationships between water quality and human well-being, and illuminates the value of reductions in phosphorus loading to society.
The Emergence of Waterfowl Conservation Among Yup'ik Hunters in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska

This paper presents evidence of emerging waterfowl conservation practices and attitudes among certain groups of contemporary Yup'ik subsistence hunters in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, a remote, wetlands dominated region of western Alaska crucial to several species of Pacific migratory birds. By examining what factors motivate hunters to follow restraint practices and evaluating how federal goose management policies impact these factors, I argue that recent policy has succeeded not by enforcement of regulations but by providing minimum necessary conditions for voluntary conservation to emerge as a cultural practice. This example of cooperative management may serve as a model for future, sustainable wildlife policies that involve indigenous resource users.
The Utilization of Space of a Residential Sector at the Village Site of Murcielago, Costa Rica

Anthropological research of discard and disposal behavior has been a topic of scholarly pursuit since the early 1970's. Depositional behavior, first defined and described by Schiffer (1972, 1975; Schiffer and Rathje 1973), has been the focus of various ethnoarchaeological (Binford 1976; '(ellen 1977; Lange and Rydberg 1972; Hayden and Cannon 1982) arid modern material culture (Rathie 1974, 1979) studies, but is seldom approached from an archaeological perspective.
The Development of Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a paradigm for connecting nanoscale bistable devices to accomplish general-purpose computation. The idea has its origins in the technology of quantum dots, Coulomb blockade, and Landauer’s observations on digital devices and energy dissipation. We examine the early development of this paradigm and its various implementations.
A Native Intelligence Metric for Artificial Systems

Abstract : We define native intelligence as the specified complexity inherent in the information content of an artificial system. The artificial system is defined as a system that can be encoded in some general purpose language, expressed minimally as some finite length bit string, and decoded by a finite set of rules defined a priori. Using this definition of native intelligence, we employ a chance elimination argument in the literature to form a simple, but promising native intelligence metric. Several anticipated objections to this native intelligence metric are discussed.
A Biolinguistic Agenda

Neurobiology and genetics are helping to generate insights about the evolution of language.
In situ Validation of the Source of Thin Layers Detected by NOAA Airborne Fish Lidar

Abstract : Our long-term goal is to understand how physical-biological, biological-biological and chemical-biological interactions control the formation, maintenance and dissipation of thin layers of plankton and how the resulting thin layers impact in situ and remote sensing technologies of critical interest to the Navy. We are also interested in improving our ability not only to detect, characterize and map the temporal and spatial extent of thin layers, but also to improve our ability to predict their occurrence in a variety of ocean environments.
COOPER LIGAMENT REPAIR OF VAGINAL VAULT PROLAPSE.

Abstract A method of using autogenous fascial strips to serve as support for the prolapsed vaginal vault has been presented. The transplant maintains its own blood supply and has maintained support for 5 years, 9 months, and 9 months, in the cases presented. No problems of infection were encountered, and the operative technique is simple and easily carried out. This study suggests that vaginal vault prolapse in young women with poor anterior abdominal wall support may be treated by repair with Cooper's ligament. I appreciate very much the help of Drs. Jack C. Walstrom and Fred Schnepper in the clinical management of these cases.
Radiation and Nuclear Materials Detection Research and Development at ORNL

Research and development is underway to improve radiation and nuclear detection capabilities. This research and development in radiation and nuclear detection includes areas such as advanced materials, applied research and engineering for designing and fabricating customized detection equipment, and theoretical modeling and computational support. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has a distinctive set of detector materials fabrication and characterization capabilities and recently created a Center for Radiation Detection Materials and Systems. Applied research and engineering efforts have led to the development of improved detectors for specific applications including safeguards, treaty monitoring, and science experiments. All sizes, types, and capabilities of detector systems have been addressed from miniature to man-portable and from neutrons to gamma radiation. Dedicated test beds, in-house and in the field, have been established to analyze, characterize, and improve detection systems.
Apollo: a community resource for genome annotation editing.

Summary: Apollo is a genome annotation-editing tool with an easy to use graphical interface. It is a component of the GMOD project, with ongoing development driven by the community. Recent additions to the software include support for the generic feature format version 3 (GFF3), continuous transcriptome data, a full Chado database interface, integration with remote services for on-the-fly BLAST and Primer BLAST analyses, graphical interfaces for configuring user preferences and full undo of all edit operations. Apollo's user community continues to grow, including its use as an educational tool for college and high-school students. Availability: Apollo is a Java application distributed under a free and open source license. Installers for Windows, Linux, Unix, Solaris and Mac OS X are available at http://apollo.berkeleybop.org, and the source code is available from the SourceForge CVS repository at http://gmod.cvs.sourceforge.net/gmod/apollo. Contact: gro.pobyelekreb@eele
MSR SPLAT, a language analysis toolkit

We describe MSR SPLAT, a toolkit for language analysis that allows easy access to the linguistic analysis tools produced by the NLP group at Microsoft Research. The tools include both traditional linguistic analysis tools such as part-of-speech taggers, constituency and dependency parsers, and more recent developments such as sentiment detection and linguistically valid morphology. As we expand the tools we develop for our own research, the set of tools available in MSR SPLAT will be extended. The toolkit is accessible as a web service, which can be used from a broad set of programming languages.