cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Constitutive NF-κB and NFAT activation leads to stimulation of the BLyS survival pathway in aggressive B-cell lymphomas

B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), a relatively recently recognized member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family (TNF), is a potent cell-survival factor expressed in many hematopoietic cells. BLyS binds to 3 TNF-R receptors, TACI, BCMA, BAFF-R, to regulate B-cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation. The mechanisms involved in BLYS gene expression and regulation are still incompletely understood. In this study, we examined BLYS gene expression, function, and regulation in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL-B) cells. Our studies indicate that BLyS is constitutively expressed in aggressive NHL-B cells, including large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), playing an important role in the survival and proliferation of malignant B cells. We found that 2 important transcription factors, NF-kappaB and NFAT, are involved in regulating BLyS expression through at least one NF-kappaB and 2 NFAT binding sites in the BLYS promoter. We also provide evidence suggesting that the constitutive activation of NF-kappaB and BLyS in NHL-B cells forms a positive feedback loop associated with lymphoma cell survival and proliferation. Our findings indicate that constitutive NF-kappaB and NFAT activations are crucial transcriptional regulators of the BLyS survival pathway in malignant B cells that could be therapeutic targets in aggressive NHL-B.
Multiplexed high temperature sensing with sapphire fiber air gap-based extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometers

In this Letter we present a high temperature multipoint sensing method using sapphire fiber air gap-based extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometers. Three sensors are fabricated and tested in a single sensing link. Experimental results show that the air gap-based high temperature sensors have a very high temperature sensitivity (>20 nm/°C) and resolution (<0.3°C) and are capable of operating at temperatures well above 1000°C. The multiplexed sapphire sensors present a significant advancement over traditional single-point sensors for critical high temperature applications.
Nonverbal Sensitivity in Medical Students: Implications for Clinical Interactions

BACKGROUND Clinicians’ accuracy in perceiving nonverbal cues has potentially important consequences, but has received insufficient research.
Motivational cost aspects of physical education in middle school students

Expectancy value theory presumes that learners’ motivation is determined by their expectancy beliefs and task values associated with learning tasks. This study examined students’ cost and its relation to expectancy beliefs, other task value components in physical education. Middle school students (N = 593) from 11 schools completed the expectancy-value questionnaire. Qualitative analysis of students’ responses to open-ended questions showed motivational cost originated from curriculum content, instructional conditions/elements, physical discomfort, lack of social support and competence and teacher factors. Chi-square analysis suggests that students’ motivational cost is associated with their hypothetical choices of attending physical education. Motivational cost was found to be negatively associated with other task value components, but not with expectancy beliefs.
The effects of human activities and extreme meteorological events on sediment nitrogen dynamics in an urban estuary, Escambia Bay, Florida, USA.

This study examined how sediment-sorbed PCBs and several large storms affected sediment nutrient dynamics based on potential nitrification rates and benthic flux measurements. PCBs were hypothesized to negatively affect potential nitrification rates due to the sensitivity of nitrifying bacteria. Sediment disturbance caused by the succession of storms, which can enhance nutrient inputs and phytoplankton production, was hypothesized to enhance both potential nitrification rates and benthic flux measurements as a result of higher nutrient and organic matter concentrations. Potential nitrification rates, benthic fluxes (NO3 − + NO2 −, NH4 +, and DIP), sediment PCB content, water content, organic content, salinity, bottom water dissolved oxygen, and sediment chlorophyll were measured at 13 different sites in Escambia Bay during the summer of 2005. Potential nitrification rates were highest at deep, organic-rich sites. Total PCB content did not have a direct effect on potential nitrification rates. An analysis of recent changes in benthic processes in relation to extreme meteorological events was performed by comparing the 2005 results with data from 2000, 2003, and 2004. Storm effects on sediment biogeochemistry were mixed with sediment nitrogen dynamics enhanced at some sites but not others. In addition, SOC and NH4 + fluxes increased in deeper channel sites after Hurricanes Ivan and Dennis, which could be attributed to the deposition of phytoplankton blooms. Sediment nutrient dynamics in Escambia Bay appear to be resilient to these extreme meteorological events since there were no significant effects on sediment processes in the Bay as a whole.
Transcriptional activation via sequential histone H2B ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation, mediated by SAGA-associated Ubp8

Gene activation and repression regulated by acetylation and deacetylation represent a paradigm for the function of histone modifications. We provide evidence that, in contrast, histone H2B monoubiquitylation and its deubiquitylation are both involved in gene activation. Substitution of the H2B ubiquitylation site at Lys 123 (K123) lowered transcription of certain genes regulated by the acetylation complex SAGA. Gene-associated H2B ubiquitylation was transient, increasing early during activation, and then decreasing coincident with significant RNA accumulation. We show that Ubp8, a component of the SAGA acetylation complex, is required for SAGA-mediated deubiquitylation of histone H2B in vitro. Loss of Ubp8 in vivo increased both gene-associated and overall cellular levels of ubiquitylated H2B. Deletion of Ubp8 lowered transcription of SAGA-regulated genes, and the severity of this defect was exacerbated by codeletion of the Gcn5 acetyltransferase within SAGA. In addition, disruption of either ubiquitylation or Ubp8-mediated deubiquitylation of H2B resulted in altered levels of gene-associated H3 Lys 4 methylation and Lys 36 methylation, which have both been linked to transcription. These results suggest that the histone H2B ubiquitylation state is dynamic during transcription, and that the sequence of histone modifications helps to control transcription.
Workshop on cost-effectiveness in health and medicine

The U.S. Public Health Service appointed a multidisciplinary Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine (PCEHM) in 1993 and asked the panel to create recommendations for the conduct of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to improve the quality, comparability, and utility of CEA in informing resource allocation decision-making within the health care system. The panel also was asked to identify those methodological issues that remain unresolved. This workshop was cosponsored by agencies of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and was intended to provide a forum for discussion of the interest of U.S. agencies in CEA, disseminate and discuss the panel’s recommendations, and examine via examples the implications of these recommendations for CEA.
Customer Abandonment in Many-Server Queues

We study G/G/n + GI queues in which customer patience times are independent, identically distributed following a general distribution. When a customer's waiting time in queue exceeds his patience time, the customer abandons the system without service. For the performance of such a system, we focus on the abandonment process and the queue length process. We prove that under some conditions, a deterministic relationship between the two stochastic processes holds asymptotically under the diffusion scaling when the number of servers n goes to infinity. These conditions include a minor assumption on the arrival processes that can be time-nonhomogeneous and a key assumption that the sequence of diffusion-scaled queue length processes, indexed by n, is stochastically bounded. We also establish a comparison result that allows one to verify the stochastic boundedness by studying a corresponding sequence of systems without customer abandonment.
Sequences of domains of ρ-holomorphy on a complex separable banach space

In this paper we present new results pertaining to sequences of domains that are approximating another. In particular, the main results are: Let E he a separable Banach space, U be a non-empty open subset of E, ρ be a strictly lower semicontinuous function on U such that d(x,∂U)≧ρ(X) for every x∈U. Let Bρ(U) denote the collection of all finite unions of closed balls with center x ∈U and p<ρ(x); and let Hρ(U) be the algebra of the complex holomorphic functions in U which are bounded in every set of Bρ(U) furnished with the Frechet topology of the uniform convergence over the elements of Bρ(U). We prove that if U is bounded, ρ-complete, and is approximatcd from the inside by a principal sequence of domains of ρholomorphy {Dν}ν∈N be a nested increasing sequence of domains in E approximating U from the inside. Then if each of the domains Dν is polynomially convex, then U is pseudoconvex and Runge.
STUDIES OF NITRATE TRANSPORT BY MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON USING 36Cl-ClO3− AS A TRANSPORT ANALOGUE. I. PHYSIOLOGICAL FINDINGS1

Transport of a nitrate analogue, 36Cl-ClO3−, was examined in two diatoms, Skeletonema costatum (Greve.) Cleve and Nitzschia closterium (Ehrenb) W. Sm. A dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra did not transport ClO3−. Transport of 36Cl-ClO3−, by diatoms appeared to be active and showed saturation kinetics. The data were fitted by Michaelis-Menten equation at all but the lowest chlorate concentrations (where plots of S vs. v showed a slight concave bend). Affinity of cells for nitrate was considerably higher than for chlorate. The Ki for nitrate inhibition of chlorate transport was calculated assuming competitive inhibition. Light had little or no effect on chlorate transport. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that (1) ClO3− (hence NO3−) was stored in two intracellular compartments of equal size, (2) internal ClO3− was exchangeable with external ClO3− (rates of efflux and influx were measured), and (3) efflux of intracellular ClO3− showed transient states following a chase of ClO3− or NO3− which stabilized after 10–20 min. Transport of chlorate was a function of growth phase.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal risk of physical impairment in a cohort of postmenopausal women who experience physical and verbal abuse

Exposure to interpersonal violence, namely verbal and physical abuse, is a highly prevalent threat to women’s health and well-being. Among older, post-menopausal women, several researchers have characterized a possible bi-directional relationship of abuse exposure and diminished physical functioning. However, studies that prospectively examine the relationship between interpersonal abuse exposure and physical functioning across multiple years of observation are lacking. To address this literature gap, we prospectively evaluate the association between abuse exposure and physical functioning in a large, national cohort of post-menopausal women across 12 years of follow-up observation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to measure the adjusted association between experiencing abuse and physical function score at baseline in 154,902 Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) participants. Multilevel modeling, where the trajectories of decline in physical function were modeled as a function of time-varying abuse exposure, was used to evaluate the contribution of abuse to trajectories of physical function scores over time. Abuse was prevalent among WHI participants, with 11 % of our study population reporting baseline exposure. Verbal abuse was the most commonly reported abuse type (10 %), followed by combined physical and verbal abuse (1 %), followed by physical abuse in the absence of verbal abuse (0.2 %). Abuse exposure (all types) was associated with diminished physical functioning, with women exposed to combined physical and verbal abuse presenting baseline physical functioning scores consistent with non-abused women 20 years senior. Results did not reveal a differential rate of decline over time in physical functioning based on abuse exposure. Taken together, our findings suggest a need for increased awareness of the prevalence of abuse exposure among postmenopausal women; they also underscore the importance of clinician’s vigilance in their efforts toward the prevention, early detection and effective intervention with abuse exposure, including verbal abuse exposure, in post-menopausal women. Given our findings related to abuse exposure and women’s diminished physical functioning at WHI baseline, our work illuminates a need for further study, particularly the investigation of this association in younger, pre-menopausal women so that the temporal ordering if this relationship may be better understood.
Sleep-specific mechanisms underlying posttraumatic stress disorder: Integrative review and neurobiological hypotheses

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent disorder that is associated with poor clinical and health outcomes, and considerable health care utilization and costs. Recent estimates suggest that 5-20% of military personnel who serve in current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Clinically, sleep disturbances are core features of PTSD that are often resistant to first-line treatments, independently contribute to poor daytime functioning, and often require sleep-focused treatments. Physiologically, these observations suggest that PTSD is partially mediated by sleep disruption and its neurobiological correlates that are not adequately addressed by first-line treatments. However, polysomnographic studies have provided limited insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of PTSD during sleep. There is an urgent need to apply state-of-the-science sleep measurement methods to bridge the apparent gap between the clinical significance of sleep disturbances in PTSD and the limited understanding of their neurobiological underpinnings. Here, we propose an integrative review of findings derived from neurobiological models of fear conditioning and fear extinction, PTSD, and sleep-wake regulation, suggesting that the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex can directly contribute to sleep disturbances in PTSD. Testable hypotheses regarding the neurobiological underpinnings of PTSD across the sleep-wake cycle are offered.
A response modeling approach to experimental design for optimal product design

The general problem considered is an optimization problem involving product design where some initial data are available and computer simulation is to be used to obtain more information. Resources and system complexity together restrict the number of simulations that can be performed in search of optimal settings for the product parameters. Consequently levels of these parameters, used in the simulations, (the experimental design) must be selected in an efficient way. We describe an algorithmic `response-modeling' approach for performing this selection. The algorithm is illustrated using a rolamite design application. We provide (as examples) optimal one, two and three-point experimental designs for the rolamite computational analyses
Xylem transport interruption by Anasa tristis feeding causes Cucurbita pepo to wilt

The plant tissues ingested by Anasa tristis (DeGeer) (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and the wilting of Cucurbita pepo L. (Cucurbitaceae) caused by A. tristis were investigated by feeding and light microscopy studies. Anasa tristis ingests both cell contents and xylem. Wilting of leaves and young plants by A. tristis is due to the interruption of all xylem transport to the plant apical to the feeding site. Xylem transport is interrupted by blockage of xylem vessels with salivary secretions or severing of xylem vessels by A. tristis stylets. Restricting feeding sites by caging demonstrates that squash bug does not produce a toxin that is responsible for wilting.
Adrenocortical function: corticosterone levels in female BALB/c and C3H mice under various conditions.

A diurnal rhythmicity in plasma corticosterone levels was demonstrated in female BALB/cCrgl and C3H/Crgl mice, with and without mammary tumor virus. Removal of the adrenals followed by metopirone treatment reduced circulating corticoid to non‐detectable levels in C3H but not in BALB/c mice. Dexamethasone reduced but did not abolish corticosteroid secretion in both strains. Neonatal exposure to exogenous hormones failed to cause any obvious change in corticoid levels. Bilateral ovariectomy of these neonatally treated mice at 40 days of age resulted in a subsequent lowering of plasma corticoid levels when compared with intact animals. Copyright © 1975 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company
Effects of rote versus gist strategy on the verbatim retention of theatrical scripts

The research reported here investigated the relative efficiency of rote and gist strategies in the learning of theatrical scripts. Two conditions (rote and gist) and two subject populations (professional actors and psychology students) were used in both immediate and delayed testing. A new scoring scheme to determine accuracy of recall was devised using strict, moderately strict, and lenient measures of accuracy. The primary finding was that a gist strategy led to better literal recall even for material that needed to be remembered verbatim. However, while recall was approximately equal for actors and students in the gist condition, actors' performance was less depressed by the constraints of the rote condition which minimized the possibility of processing for meaning. Post-test statements of subjects' strategies were analyzed for commonalities. Actors and students in the gist condition pursued similar strategies but with different goals and different emphases. Statements by subjects in the rote condition revealed attempts by actors but not by students to relate speeches currently being repeated to antecedent material.
Effects of noise and audiovisual cues on speech processing in adults with and without ADHD.

AbstractObjective: This study examined the interplay among internal (e.g. attention, working memory abilities) and external (e.g. background noise, visual information) factors in individuals with and without ADHD. Design: A 2 × 2 × 6 mixed design with correlational analyses was used to compare participant results on a standardized listening in noise sentence repetition task (QuickSin; ), presented in an auditory and an audiovisual condition as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) varied from 25–0 dB and to determine individual differences in working memory capacity and short-term recall. Study sample: Thirty-eight young adults without ADHD and twenty-five young adults with ADHD. Results: Diagnosis, modality, and signal-to-noise ratio all affected the ability to process speech in noise. The interaction between the diagnosis of ADHD, the presence of visual cues, and the level of noise had an effect on a person's ability to process speech in noise. Conclusion: Young adults with ADHD benefited less from visual informa...
Evolutionary demography and quantitative genetics: age-specific survival as a threshold trait

Researchers must understand how mutations affect survival at various ages to understand how ageing evolves. Many models linking mutation to age-specific survival have been proposed but there is little evidence to indicate which model is most appropriate. This is a serious problem because the predicted evolutionary endpoints of ageing depend upon the details of the specific model. We apply an explicitly quantitative genetic perspective to the problem. To determine the inheritance of dichotomous traits (such as survival), quantitative genetics has long employed a threshold model. Beginning from first principles, we show how this is the most defensible mutational model for age-specific survival and how this, relative to the standard model, predicts delayed senescence and mortality deceleration at late age. These are commonly observed patterns of ageing that heretofore have required more complicated survival models. We also show how this model can be developed further to unify quantitative genetics and evolutionary demography into a more complete conceptual framework for understanding the evolution of ageing.
On the capacity value of renewable energy sources in the presence of energy storage and ramping constraints

The objective of this paper is to analyze the value that renewable energy sources (RES) have in providing capacity, and specifically study the interactions that take place in the presence of energy storage systems (ESS) and ramping constraints. To examine this question, we use a new analytical framework that optimizes over different high and low probability scenarios using a stochastic, security constrained Optimal Power Flow (S-SC-OPF). We are interested in the effect of adding a significant amount of RES and analyze the individual generator response and the consequences for overall system metrics. Past studies have shown that, while higher RES penetrations are usually associated to lower system costs, including the provision of ancillary services, the most common direct collateral consequence is the increase in the total generating capacity needed to reliably operate the system [1]. Our model determines the amount of reserves as an endogenous variable, given a set of credible contingencies and a characterization of the uncertainty coming from the renewable energy sources. The main advantage of this model is the explicit inclusion of the cost for the capacity required, both for contingency reserve and for ramping transitions between periods of analysis, as well as a valuation of the wear-and-tear incurred by the generators in these transitions. Our approach simulates several periods applying a S-SC-OPF that minimizes the total system costs including the procurement of energy and ancillary services. We applied this model to a reduction of the Northeastern Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) and calibrate the demand to a day similar to the loading conditions in a hot summer. The system results show reduction of system costs adding wind and storage into the system while helping reduce capacity.
Electronic structure of dangling bonds in amorphous silicon studied via a density-matrix functional method

A structural model of hydrogenated amorphous silicon containing an isolated dangling bond is used to investigate the effects of electron interactions on the electronic level splittings, localization of charge and spin, and fluctuations in charge and spin. These properties are calculated with a recently developed density-matrix correlation-energy functional applied to a generalized Anderson Hamiltonian, consisting of tight-binding one-electron terms parametrizing hydrogenated amorphous silicon plus a local interaction term. The energy level splittings approach an asymptotic value for large values of the electron-interaction parameter U, and for physically relevant values of U are in the range 0.3--0.5 eV. The electron spin is highly localized on the central orbital of the dangling bond while the charge is spread over a larger region surrounding the dangling bond site. These results are consistent with known experimental data and previous density-functional calculations. The spin fluctuations are quite different from those obtained with unrestricted Hartree-Fock theory.
On partial differential equations of mixed type in N independent variables

It is proved that a large class of 2-nd order linear partial differential equations of mixed type in n independent variables can be solved by using the theory of positive symmetric systems of 1-st order partial differential equations. Some quasilinear equations of mixed type can be treated in the same way.
Debates in SLA studies: Redefining classroom SLA as an institutional phenomenon

When language is systematically unavailable to some, it is important that we not limit our explanation to the traits of the persons involved; it is equally essential that we take into account the interactional circumstances that position the people in the world with a differential access to the common tongue. (McDermott, 1996, p. 283)
A VISCOUS ROTATIONAL MODEL FOR WAVE OVERTOPPING OVER MARINE STRUCTURE

Wave overtopping problems continue to require more attention due to the complexity of the physical process and the lack of available predictive models. In a recent experimental study on the kinematics of wave overtopping on marine structure by Lee, Zhuang and Chang (1993), it was found that the overtopping wave constitutes a jet-like water mass impacting the shoreward region of the breakwater. This jet-like water mass induces strong vortices and large water particle velocities in both the horizontal and vertical direction in the shoreward region behind the marine structure. The large rotational velocity field is capable of removing the armor units of the breakwater and scouring the bed in the shoreward region of the breakwater. In the study of Zhuang, Chang and Lee (1994), a numerical model capable of generating the rotational velocity field in the vicinity of the shoreward face of the breakwater was proposed. This paper presents the computation results from a refined viscous rotational model and their comparisons with newly acquired experimental data.
A Social Capital Perspective on the Mentoring of Undergraduate Life Science Researchers: An Empirical Study of Undergraduate–Postgraduate–Faculty Triads

Undergraduate researchers at research universities are often mentored by graduate students or postdoctoral researchers (referred to collectively as "postgraduates") and faculty, creating a mentoring triad structure. Triads differ based on whether the undergraduate, postgraduate, and faculty member interact with one another about the undergraduate's research. Using a social capital theory framework, we hypothesized that different triad structures provide undergraduates with varying resources (e.g., information, advice, psychosocial support) from the postgraduates and/or faculty, which would affect the undergraduates' research outcomes. To test this, we collected data from a national sample of undergraduate life science researchers about their mentoring triad structure and a range of outcomes associated with research experiences, such as perceived gains in their abilities to think and work like scientists, science identity, and intentions to enroll in a PhD program. Undergraduates mentored by postgraduates alone reported positive outcomes, indicating that postgraduates can be effective mentors. However, undergraduates who interacted directly with faculty realized greater outcomes, suggesting that faculty interaction is important for undergraduates to realize the full benefits of research. The "closed triad," in which undergraduates, postgraduates, and faculty all interact directly, appeared to be uniquely beneficial; these undergraduates reported the highest gains in thinking and working like a scientist.
Calcific Uremic Arteriolopathy Revisited

Calciphylaxis was first described in the early 1960s by dermatologist Hans Selye et al. [1][1] as local cutaneous calcification leading to inflammation and skin sclerosis, which is provoked by a mechanical or chemical “challenger” after sensitization with a “systemic calcifying factor.” In
The science of citizen science: Exploring barriers to use as a primary research tool

Abstract Biodiversity citizen science projects are growing in number, size, and scope, and are gaining recognition as valuable data sources that build public engagement. Yet publication rates indicate that citizen science is still infrequently used as a primary tool for conservation research and the causes of this apparent disconnect have not been quantitatively evaluated. To uncover the barriers to the use of citizen science as a research tool, we surveyed professional biodiversity scientists (n = 423) and citizen science project managers (n = 125). We conducted three analyses using non-parametric recursive modeling (random forest), using questions that addressed: scientists' perceptions and preferences regarding citizen science, scientists' requirements for their own data, and the actual practices of citizen science projects. For all three analyses we identified the most important factors that influence the probability of publication using citizen science data. Four general barriers emerged: a narrow awareness among scientists of citizen science projects that match their needs; the fact that not all biodiversity science is well-suited for citizen science; inconsistency in data quality across citizen science projects; and bias among scientists for certain data sources (institutions and ages/education levels of data collectors). Notably, we find limited evidence to suggest a relationship between citizen science projects that satisfy scientists' biases and data quality or probability of publication. These results illuminate the need for greater visibility of citizen science practices with respect to the requirements of biodiversity science and show that addressing bias among scientists could improve application of citizen science in conservation.
Analyzing Interactions Between SSB and Proteins by the Use of Fluorescence Anisotropy

Fluorescence anisotropy is a useful tool to detect SSB interaction with SSB binding partners. Titrating an SSB protein partner into a solution containing fluorescently labeled SSB C-terminal tail (SSB-Ct) peptide results in formation of the protein complex with molecular weights greatly higher than SSB peptide alone. Thus the tumbling of the complexes in solution is slower, and the fluorescence anisotropy (FA) signal would be increased, indicating the binding. Based on the FA binding curve, the apparent dissociation constant (K(d,app)) of the binding reaction can also be calculated.
Surface Modification of Silver Nanowires for Morphology and Processing Control in Composite Transparent Electrodes

Silver nanowires are attractive components for a number of materials and applications, including silver nanowire (AgNW)-polymer composites, electrically conductive coatings, and transparent electrodes. In this manuscript, the ability of thiols with hydrophobic to ionic end groups to bind to AgNW surfaces is investigated, followed by how the polarity of the surface modifying thiol influences the morphological and electrical properties of both AgNW/PEDOT:PSS blend films and pure AgNW networks. Utilizing surface modification of AgNWs with sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (MPS), morphologically homogeneous AgNW/PEDOT:PSS thin films with an order of magnitude lower sheet resistance at similar transmittance values than unmodified AgNWs are obtained with a one-step processing method. Brief optimization of MPS-AgNW/PEDOT:PSS blends yields a sheet resistance of 22.6 Ω/□ at 81.4% transmittance.
Compensatory hypertrophy and failure in gradual pressure-overloaded guinea pig heart.

Left ventricular hypertrophy has been produced in the guinea pig by a procedure that gradually increases left ventricular afterload. A mildly constricting band was placed around the ascending aorta...
Instructor Notes for Topic One: Physical Reactions and Coping Techniques

This chapter provides the complete instructor notes for teaching Topic One. This session describes how normal physical reactions sometimes scare us, especially if we are “body reactors,” an important concept introduced here. The material teaches how even scary sensations diminish on their own when you “just leave them alone.” This session also introduces and invites the class to experience five physical coping techniques: “belly button” breathing, the Claire Weekes “wave” (great for panic), Autogenic Training, “Just Because” (also useful for anger and when one needs to be alert), and mindfulness. Participants are invited to sample and use what works for them.
PROGRESS, STRATIFICATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE: A VIEW FROM ANTHROPOLOGY

ABSTRACT Progress defined in Western societies as high rates of production and consumption entails severe disparities in power and privilege with consequent resentment by the deprived and fear among the elite which is a threat to survival for all. Comparative evidence indicates that reduction of inequality is the only solution.
Characterization of the incompatible interaction between Erwinia tracheiphila and non-host tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Abstract Bacterial wilt is one of the most destructive diseases affecting a wide range of crops in the Cucurbits family including muskmelon (Cucumis melo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and squash (Cucubita pepo). The disease is caused by Erwinia tracheiphila, a Gram-negative and xylem-inhabiting species of Erwinia, which pathogenic mechanism is poorly understood. Many Gram-negative phytobacteria induce hypersensitive response (HR) in non-host plants, an immunity reaction triggered by pathogen recognition. With some exemptions, Erwinia species—notably E. amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight of rosaceous crops, and the reclassified soft rot pathogens, Pectobacterium and Dickeya species (formerly E. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi)—have been known to elicit HR in tobacco. However, concerning its pathogenic mechanism, the elicitation of classic HR has not been reported for some less-studied Erwinia species including E. tracheiphila. We characterized the induction of HR by the bacterial wilt pathogen in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cultivar ‘Xanthi’) using visual and physiological methods. We surveyed 21 E. tracheiphila strains and found that all of them elicited programmed cell death. Three strains (HCa1-5, UnisCu1-1, and MISpSq) fluorescently labeled with GFP could be visualized in the infiltrated leaves. We aligned the sequences of their HR-inducing protein, harpin (HrpN), predicted the secondary structures, and located the position of putative HR elicitors. We discovered differences between Cucurbita and Cucumis strains and found a close association of E. tracheiphila HrpN with those of Pantoea sp., Erwinia piriflorinigrans, and Erwinia pyrifoliae. Pre-infiltration of tobacco leaves with a lower cell population prevented HR following a subsequent challenge at the same area with HR-inducing levels of inoculum. The selected strains induced leaf conductivity levels similar to the HR-inducing E. amylovora strain E9, and their populations in the leaves decreased days after infiltration. Our results indicate that E. tracheiphila induces a classic HR in tobacco just like other HR-inducing Erwinia species.
The Restless Legs Syndrome - Depression Relationship: Effect Mediation by Disturbed Sleep and Periodic Limb Movements (P1.149)

Objective: To investigate association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms and depression and to what extent sleep disturbance, periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS), and antidepressant medication mediate this relationship. Background: There is a well-known association between RLS and depression. Lifetime prevalence of depression ranges between 19[percnt] and 35[percnt] in persons with RLS. Mechanisms underlying this association are not known. Potential mediators of the RLS-depression relationship include disturbed sleep, periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS), and antidepressant medications. Design/Methods: We carried out cross-sectional analysis of data from 982 men assessed for RLS (International RLS Study Group scale [IRLSS], range 0-40) and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), range 0-15), who underwent actigraphy (sleep latency/efficiency) and polysomnography (PLMS). Men were split into three groups: no RLS (n=815), mild RLS (IRLSS≤12, n=85), moderate-to-severe RLS (IRLSS>12, n=82). Depression was defined as GDS≥6. Logistic and linear regression assessed associations of RLS and depression or number depressive symptoms, respectively. Models were adjusted for age, clinic site, race, education, BMI, personal habits, benzodiazepine/dopaminergic medication use, physical activity, cardiovascular risk factors, and apnea-hypopnea index. Results: Of 982 men, 167 (17.0[percnt]) had RLS. Depression was significantly associated with moderate-to-severe RLS after adjustment (vs. no RLS: OR [95[percnt] CI] 2.85 [1.23,6.64]; p-trend=0.03). Further adjustment for potential mediators attenuated effect size modestly, most for sleep efficiency (OR 2.85 to 2.55). Compared to no RLS, moderate-to-severe RLS was associated with number depressive symptoms after adjustment (adjusted means [95[percnt] CI]; no RLS: 1.14 [1.05,1.24] vs. IRLSS>12: 1.69 [1.32,2.11]; p=0.01). Additional adjustment for potential mediators did not alter effect size. For men with PLMS index ≥median (p-interaction with RLS=0.04), number of depressive symptoms significantly increased as RLS category became more severe (p-trend=0.002). Conclusions: Depression is more common as RLS severity increases. The RLS-depression relationship is modestly explained by sleep disturbance and PLMS. Disclosure: Dr. Koo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Blackwell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Louis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Redline has nothing to disclose.
A unified Stochastic Hybrid System approach to aggregated load modeling for demand response

Nondisruptive demand response programs often result in complex and fast aggregated load dynamics, which may lead to severe impact on the distribution and transition systems. Accurate modeling of aggregated load dynamics is of fundamental importance for systematic analysis and design of various demand response strategies. Existing methods mostly focus on simple first-order linear Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs). This paper develops a novel stochastic hybrid system (SHS) framework to model individual responsive loads. The proposed SHS has general nonlinear diffusion dynamics in each discrete mode and has both random and deterministic state-dependent mode transitions. The corresponding Fokker-Planck equation is derived to characterize the aggregated load dynamics with a special emphasis on establishing the boundary conditions due to the deterministic switchings. The proposed modeling approach includes many existing methods as special cases and provides a unified representation of a variety of responsive loads. Realistic demand response examples are also provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed SHS framework.
Fatigue Fracture in Pure Metals

Experimental observations relating to the mechanism of low-amplitude fatigue fracture are re- viewed with the intention of providing a better understanding of the mechanism in pure metals. Measurements of strain hardening, metallography of surface effects, and observations of crack suppression are discussed. The unifying idea—cross slip—which accounts qualitatively for the surface and mechanical effects as well as the influence of material, strain amplitude, and temperature on fatigue life is discussed.
Reproducibility and Robustness

In this chapter, we analyze a simple experiment reporting that college students majoring in economics are less likely to have signed an organ donor card than students majoring in social work. We consider its data, findings, and conclusion, and ask what it means for each of these aspects to be successfully replicated by others. We contrast the validity of a finding with its reproducibility, robustness, and generalizability. The state of the current “crisis” in reproducibility is illustrated and underscored by reviewing two large bodies of literature concerned with cultured cells and with mouse and rat behavioral assays. We argue that scientific progress moves forward much more efficiently if an article that describes an interesting finding can be replicated, and if its findings are demonstrated to be robust within the initial article itself.
In situ crystallization kinetics of two-dimensional MoS2

Developing effective strategies to synthesize 2D materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) necessitates a fundamental understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics controlling the nucleation and growth processes. Studying crystallization kinetics of MoS2 with conventional synthesis methods, such as chemical vapor deposition, is challenging because there is a complex set of thermally-activated events happening simultaneously. By combining high-throughput experimentation with in situ Raman spectroscopy we show that the migration-limited crystallization kinetics of MoS2 can be directly observed. During isothermal heating we find that nucleation of MoS2 happens rapidly and that the crystallization rate follows an Arrhenius temperature relationship, yielding an energy barrier of 1.03 eV/atom. The relationship between temperature, crystal quality, and layer orientation is determined with transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, revealing that elevated crystallization temperatures improve crystal quality and reduce defect formation.
Multiphysics simulation of pulsed cold plasma arc rotation for enhanced hydrogen harvesting

Abstract Pulsed cold plasma reforming is a novel method to harvest hydrogen from hydrocarbons. The harvested hydrogen can feed a fuel cell for distributed generation of electricity in a stationary or mobile platform. The cold plasma arc is generated by a pulsating high voltage waveform. The arc rotates in the magnetic field caused by a ring permanent magnet, thus increasing the collision area between the arc and the fuel. Due to the difficulties of measurement of plasma properties such as ion and electron temperature without disturbing the plasma, multiphysics simulation is a key step in the design of electrodes, thereby increasing the hydrogen harvest rate in the syngas. In this paper, a 3D multiphysics simulation including fluid dynamics, thermal response, and electromagnetic fields has been carried out to assist in selection of the permanent magnet. Experiments were carried out to verify the simulation results. The 3D multiphysics simulation is demonstrated to be an effective tool to assist in the design of the reformer. The hydrogen harvest rate has been improved from 58.7% to 67.8% with the introduction of the magnet.
A New Measure of the Expanded Present Time Perspective

Increased attention has been focused on the experience of an expanded present time perspective, but there has been no assessment tool to measure this particular time orientation. An established measure of time perspective, the ZTPI, assesses only two present-oriented perspectives: Present-Hedonistic and Present-Fatalistic. Two studies were conducted to develop and validate a third ZTPI subscale of Present-Expanded. This subscale is distinct from the two other present-oriented subscales, and also has clear relationships with measures of related constructs such as mindfulness, openness to experience, life satisfaction, and emotional intelligence. This new scale can be used in both research and personal practice.
Developing Personal Course Plans (PCPs) as an Example of Self-Directed Learning in Library Management and Project Management Education

This article examines the education of library (MLS) graduate students in courses of library management or in special topic courses in project management in libraries and information centers. To ex...
Highly Elastic Biodegradable Single-Network Hydrogel for Cell Printing.

Cell printing is becoming a common technique to fabricate cellularized printed scaffold for biomedical application. There are still significant challenges in soft tissue bioprinting using hydrogels, which requires live cells inside the hydrogels. Moreover, the resilient mechanical properties from hydrogels are also required to mechanically mimic the native soft tissues. Herein, we developed a visible-light cross-linked, single-network, biodegradable hydrogel with high elasticity and flexibility for cell printing, which is different from previous highly elastic hydrogel with double-network and two components. The single-network hydrogel using only one stimulus (visible light) to trigger gelation can greatly simplify the cell printing process. The obtained hydrogels possessed high elasticity, and their mechanical properties can be tuned to match various native soft tissues. The hydrogels had good cell compatibility to support fibroblast growth in vitro. Various human cells were bioprinted with the hydrogels...
Conversational planning about end-of-life care: health care provider reported resources, prioritization, and knowledge

ABSTRACTBackground: Developing conversational plans can potentially help ameliorate some of the apprehension that medical providers feel when approaching end-of-life conversations. The Physician Or...
Optimized flexible cover films for improved conversion efficiency in thin film flexible solar cells

Abstract Thin film solar cell technologies are being developed for lower cost and flexible applications. For such technologies, it is desirable to have inexpensive, flexible cover strips. In this paper, we demonstrate that transparent silicone cover glass adhesive can be doped with TiO2 nanoparticles to achieve an optimal refractive index and maximize the performance of the cell. Cells covered with the film doped with nanoparticles at the optimal concentration demonstrated a ∼1% increase in photocurrent over the plain (undoped) film. In addition, fused silica beads can be incorporated into the flexible cover slip to realize a built-in pseudomorphic glass diffuser layer as well. This additional degree of freedom in engineering flexible solar cell covers allows maximal performance from a given cell for minimal increased cost.
Maxine Greene’s Concept of the Social Imagination

Maxine Greene (1917–2014) was a philosopher of education who grounded her work in existentialism, pragmatism, critical theory, and aesthetic education. A prolific writer, public intellectual, and teacher, Greene offered (and continues to offer) contemporary educators and policy makers a valuable critique of education and schooling in the USA. In particular, her concept of the social imagination is a potent antidote to the negative forces of scientism, technicism, and instrumental rationality that have dominated educational thought and practice for several decades, especially through the over-reliance on authoritarian accountability systems. This chapter locates the social imagination in Greene’s existential commitment to provide openings, to create more possibilities, to move us to a more empowered stance in the world. For Greene, it is through encounters with a range of art forms that we are provoked to ‘think of things as if they could be otherwise.’
THE NATURE OF THE SIGNALS REQUIRED FOR THE INDUCTION OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS

ABSTRACT: The interaction of antigen with precursors of antibody-forming cells regulates the further development of these cells. Antigen induces precursor cells to proliferate and mature to antibody-forming cells or can lead to the inactivation of precursor cells resulting in tolerance. The phenotype expressed by precursor cells may be determined by changes in the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Increasing intracellular levels of cyclic AMP leads to the inactivation of precursor cells whereas increasing intracellular levels of cyclic GMP leads to the proliferation and maturation of precursor cells to antibody-forming cells. It is suggested that the interaction of antigen with surface immunoglobulin receptors activates an adenyl cyclase system in precursor cells and that the cooperating cell system has the function of stimulating guanyl cyclase activity in precursor cells. The induction of antibody synthesis requires the delivery of two independent, membrane-mediated signals to precursor cells, which activate each of these enzyme systems. It appears the ratio of cyclic AMP: cyclic GMP rather than the absolute level of a cyclic nucleotide determines the phenotypic expression.