cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Technical note: On the development of an outcome-driven frequency filter for improving radiomics-based modeling of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE To implement an outcome-driven frequency filter for improving radiomics-based modeling of human papillomavirus (HPV) for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). METHODS AND MATERIALS One hundred twenty-eight OPSCC patients with known HPV status (60-HPV+ and 68-HPV-, confirmed by immunohistochemistry-P16 protein testing) were retrospectively studied. A 3D Discrete Fourier Transform was applied on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) images of patient gross tumor volumes (GTVs) to transform intensity distributions to the frequency domain and estimate frequency power spectrums of HPV- and HPV+ patient cohorts. Statistical analyses were performed to rank frequency bands contributing toward the prediction of HPV status. An outcome-driven frequency filter was designed accordingly and applied to GTV frequency information. A 3D inverse discrete Fourier transform was applied to reconstruct HPV-related frequency-filtered images. Radiomics features (11 feature-categories) were extracted from pre- and post-frequency filtered images using our previously published "ROdiomiX" software. Least-absolute-shrinkage-and-selection-operation (Lasso) combined with a generalized linear model (Lasso-GLM) was developed to identify and rank feature subsets with the optimal information for prediction of HPV+/-. Radiomics-based Lasso-GLM classifiers (pre- and post-frequency filtered) were constructed and validated using random permutation sampling and nested cross-validation (CV) techniques. Average area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC), and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were computed to estimate generalization error and prediction performance. RESULTS Among 192 radiomic features, 15 features were found to be statistically significant discriminators between HPV+/- cohorts on post-frequency filtered CE-CT images. Fourteen such radiomic features were observed on pre-frequency filtered datasets. Discriminant features included tumor morphology and intensity contrast. Performances for prediction of HPV for the pre- and post-frequency filtered Lasso-GLM classifiers were as follows: AUC/PPV/NPV = 0.789/0.755/0.805 and 0.850/0.808/0.877, respectively. Nested CV performances for prediction of HPV for the pre- and post-frequency filtered Lasso-GLM classifiers were as follows: AUC/PPV/NPV = 0.814/0.725/0.877 and 0.890/0.820/0.911, respectively. CONCLUSION Albeit subject to confirmation in a larger cohort, this pilot study presents encouraging results on the importance of frequency analysis prior to radiomic feature extraction toward enhancement of model performance for characterizing HPV in patients with OPSCC.
Impaired Absorption of Extended-Release Potassium Chloride in a Patient With a High-Output Ileostomy.

BACKGROUND Best practices in the management of ileostomies include use of immediate release (IR) medications and elimination of enteric coated and prokinetic agents. Extended-release (ER) potassium chloride is designed for postpyloric release rather than colonic absorption and is postulated to be an appropriate option for potassium repletion in this patient subset. CASE We present a patient with an ileostomy who received intravenous ER and IR oral potassium chloride supplementation following diverting loop ileostomy. Clinical responsiveness to ER potassium chloride was poor; 15 to 40 mEq was required to replace 0.1 mEq/L of potassium. However, upon transition to IR potassium chloride, only 6.67 mEq was required to replace 0.1 mEq/L of potassium. CONCLUSIONS Our experience in this case suggests that patients with surgical alterations to their gastrointestinal tracts who fail to have expected rises in serum potassium levels may benefit from early conversion to IR potassium chloride.
Research on lightning current detection of high voltage overhead transmission lines

Aiming at the problem that the detection effect of lightning current of transmission line is not good, a new detection method of lightning current of high voltage overhead transmission line is proposed. Firstly, the lightning phase jitter value of the overhead transmission line is collected and calculated, then the lightning area is located according to the jitter frequency, the lightning area value is collected, and the harmonic detection protocol stack is set according to the calculation results to ensure the lightning current detection effect of the overhead transmission line. The experimental results show that this method is superior to the traditional method in detecting lightning current of high voltage overhead transmission lines, and fully meets the research requirements.
Connective Leadership and Sustainable Development

No time like the present to emphasize the need for a new style of leadership, trait, and classical leadership theories are not effective for current global crises. Organizations that achieve goals within the UN SDGs framework will have a competitive advantage over those organizations that do not. Global interdependence and diversity are two present forces that need to be acknowledged by management, in a global environment where interconnectedness is inevitable, leaders need to collaborate, establish networks, care about and for others, be empathetic, and lead by example. Leaders whose decisions are guided by a sustainability mindset know themselves, respect nature, and are aware of the other. The development of a sustainability mindset is transformative learning in action, it allows reframing of one’s meaning-making process to make it more inclusive. Connective leadership allows leaders to understand existence, and successfully deal with interconnectedness and diversity, two forces that cannot be denied and that are present in the contemporary global environment. Connective leaders are empathetic, collaborative, networkers, lifelong learners, and nurture followers; they are transformative. Sustainability mindset and connective leadership are practices that can be learned. In this chapter connective leadership will be introduced and its links to sustainability mindset, UN SDGs, and transformative leadership will be established.
Majority Rule or Minority Will: Adherence to Precedent on the U.S. Supreme Court

List of tables and figures Preface 1. Precedent and the Court 2. Measuring precedential behavior 3. Precedential behavior from the beginning through the Chase Court 4. Precedential behavior bridging the 19th and 20th centuries 5. Precedential behavior in the Hughes, Stone, and Vinson courts 6. Precedential behavior in the Warren court 7. Precedential behavior in the Burger Court 8. Precedential behavior in the Rehnquist court 9. The Supreme court and state decisions 10. Conclusions List of references Case index Subject/name index.
Radiation Damage in Metals and Alloys

The article contains sections titled: Introduction Neutron–Nuclear Interactions Elastic Collisions Inelastic Collisions (n, 2n) Reactions (n,γ) Reactions Atomic Displacements Kinchin-Pease Model for Atom Displacements Modifications to the Kinchin–Pease Model Consideration of Ed and Ec in the Energy Balance (Assumptions #3 and #4) Realistic Energy Transfer Cross-Sections (Assumption #5) Effects of Crystallinity (Assumption #6) Effect of Focusing and Channeling on Displacements Displacement Cross-Section and Displacement Rates Displacement Rates Damage Cascade Primary Recoil Spectrum Cascade Volume and Damage Energy Stages of Cascade Development Behavior of Defects within the Cascade Computer Simulations of Radiation Damage Radiation-Enhanced Diffusion Point Defect Concentrations under Irradiation Case (i): Low Temperature, Low Sink Density Case (ii): Low Temperature, Intermediate Sink Density Case (iii): Low Temperature, High Sink Density Case (iv): High Temperature Radiation-Enhanced Diffusion (RED) Coefficient Radiation-Induced Segregation (RIS) RIS in Concentrated Binary Alloys Effects of Interstitial Binding, Solute Size, Temperature, and Dose Rate RIS in Ternary Alloys Effect of Local Composition Changes on RIS Effect of Solutes on RIS RIS in Austenitic Alloys RIS in Ferritic Alloys Irradiated Microstructure Defect Clusters Cluster Mobility Loop Nucleation and Clustering Theory Loop Growth and Recovery Evolution of Interstitial Loop Microstructure Void Nucleation and Growth Bubble Growth Phase Stability Summary Keywords: Radiation effects; metals and alloys; voids; dislocation loops; radiation-enhanced diffusion; radiation-induced segregation; displacements; nuclear reactions
Microtubules in the heliozoan axopodium. II. Rapid degradation by cupric and nickelous ions.

Solutions of cupric and nickelous sulfate have been shown to cause a retraction of heliozoan axopodia in much the same way as does colchicine and cold treatments. Calcium or magnesium ions do not have this effect, but if either is added to copper-treatment solution, the onset and rate of retraction are both hastened. Retracting axopodia contain much fine material, many vesicles, and axonemes showing microtubules that are missing or C-shaped in cross section. Retraction takes place first in a very fast shortening which is followed by a period of regrowth and then by a slower retraction. Recovery from treatment is possible if organisms are removed from copper solutions before complete retraction; long treatment impairs recovery. Intermediate lengths of treatment result in an abortive regrowth that has been followed by electron microscopy. Data obtained show that microtubules not fully linked in the axoneme are degraded before those in the linkage positions within the axoneme and therefore that a metastability of microtubules exists in a common cytoplasm. These and other findings are discussed according to their implications to the human pathology of Wilson's disease, a proposed mode of rapid microtubule degradation, and the gradion hypothesis of microtubule function.
An Update on Donor-Derived Disease Transmission in Organ Transplantation

Several recent donor-to-recipient disease transmissions have highlighted the importance of this rare complication of solid organ transplantation. The epidemiology of donor-derived disease transmissions in the United States has been described through reports to the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN); these reports are reviewed and categorized by the ad hoc Disease Transmission Advisory Committee (DTAC); additional data comes through the published literature. From these reports, it is possible to estimate that donor-derived disease transmission complicates less than 1% of all transplant procedures but when a transmission occurs, significant morbidity and mortality can result. Only through continued presentation of the available data can continuous quality improvements be made. As the epidemiology of donor-derived disease transmission has become better understood, several groups have been working on methods to further mitigate this risk.
Finite Scale Microstructures in Nonlocal Elasticity

In this paper we develop a simple one-dimensional model accounting for the formation and growth of globally stable finite scale microstructures. We extend Ericksen’s model [9] of an elastic “bar” with nonconvex energy by including both oscillation-inhibiting and oscillation-forcing terms in the energy functional. The surface energy is modeled by a conventional strain gradient term. The main new ingredient in the model is a nonlocal term which is quadratic in strains and has a negative definite kernel. This term can be interpreted as an energy associated with the long-range elastic interaction of the system with the constraining loading device. We propose a scaling of the problem allowing one to represent the global minimizer as a collection of localized interfaces with explicitly known long-range interaction. In this limit the augmented Ericksen’s problem can be analyzed completely and the equilibrium spacing of the periodic microstructure can be expressed as a function of the prescribed average displacement. We then study the inertial dynamics of the system and demonstrate how the nucleation and growth of the microstructures result in the predicted stable pattern. Our results are particularly relevant for the modeling of twined martensite inside the austenitic matrix.
Intramolecular fusion of Na pump subunits assures exclusive assembly of the fused alpha and beta subunit domains into a functional enzyme in cells also expressing endogenous Na pump subunits.

Abstract Experiments designed to identify Na pump structural features which tag the molecule for asymmetric cell-surface localization are inherently complex because either subunit, or both, may contain targeting information and because the cells which recognize those targeting signals and maintain asymmetric plasma membrane domains also express their own Na pumps, the subunits of which can assemble into hybrid pump molecules with pump subunits expressed from transfected cDNA clones. Cotransfecting cDNA for both subunits only complicates matters further by resulting in expression of four distinct dimeric molecular species. To eliminate the potential for cross-assembly in these and other experiments we have constructed cDNA encoding a "single-subunit" Na pump (called "alpha-beta") in which the alpha and beta subunits are joined by a linker of 17 amino acids. By all criteria tested alpha-beta functioned as a normal heterodimeric Na pump. It was expressed in a variety of mammalian cell lines as a single, high molecular weight polypeptide located primarily on the surface membrane, with the beta subunit exposed to the extracellular medium. Binding of the conformation-sensitive monoclonal antibody 24 to the beta subunit indicated that the fusion protein was folded as a properly "assembled" sodium pump. Expression of alpha-beta in ouabain-resistant mouse L cells resulted in high affinity ouabain binding and ouabain-sensitive, sodium-dependent rubidium transport. The enzyme was properly targeted to the basolateral plasma membrane in polarized epithelial cells. The functional integrity of the fusion protein renders it suitable for site-directed mutagenesis studies of targeting and enzymology where control of subunit assembly is desired. These results also support topological models in which the carboxyl terminus of the alpha subunit is cytoplasmic.
Data stream analytics as cloud service for mobile applications

Many mobile applications are based on cloud services such as location service, messaging service, etc. Currently most cloud services are based on statically prepared information rather than the real-time analytics results of dynamically captured events. A paradigm shift is to take Continuous Stream Analytics (CSA) as a cloud service, which, however, poses several specific challenges in scalability, latency, time-window semantics and transaction control. In this work we extend the SQL query engine to unify the processing of static relations and dynamic streams for providing the platform support of CSA service. This platform is significantly differentiated from the current generation of stream processing systems which are in general built separately from the database engine thus unable to take advantage of the functionalities already offered by the existing data management technology, and suffer from the overhead of inter-platform data access and movement. To capture the window semantics in CSA, we introduce the cycle-based query model and support it in terms of the cut-and-rewind query execution mechanism. This mechanism allows a SQL query to run cycle by cycle for processing the unbounded stream data chunk by chunk, but without shutting the query instance down between chunks for continuously maintaining the application state across the execution cycles, as required by sliding-window oriented operations. We also propose the cycle-based transaction model with cycle-based isolation and visibility. To scale-up analytics computation, we introduce the parallel infrastructure with multi-engines cooperated and synchronized based the common data chunking criteria without centralized coordination. To scale-up service provisioning, we investigate how to stage the continuously generated analytics results efficiently through metadata manipulation without physical data moving and copying. We have prototyped our approach by extending the PostgreSQL, resulting in a new kind of tightly integrated, highly efficient platform for providing CSA service. We tested the throughput and latency of this service using a well-known stream processing benchmark and with WebOS based Palm phones. The test results show that the proposed approach is highly competitive. Providing CSA cloud service using HP Neoview parallel database engine is currently explored.
Quandles: An Introduction to the Algebra of Knots

Knots and links Algebraic structures Quandles Quandles and groups Generalizations of quandles Enhancements Generalizd knots and links Bibliography Index
Large-quantity production of chicken embryo tracheal organ cultures and use in virus and mycoplasma studies.

Abstract Chicken tracheal organ cultures were made from embryos which were 19 to 20 days old. Transversely cut rings of trachea were placed in screw-capped tissue-culture tubes with Eagle's-N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) medium and incubated in roller drums. The method had advantages over other organ culture systems in that these cultures were prepared in numbers similar to conventional tissue cultures, ciliary activity was quickly and accurately evaluated, and contamination occurred less frequently than with organ cultures in petri dishes. Ciliary activity persisted for at least 1 month when the medium was changed at 5-to 7-day intervals and for 10 to 15 days without a change. Infectious bronchitis virus stopped ciliary movement, and this effect was used as a basis for titrating the virus and for determining the neutralizing capacity of immune mouse ascitic fluid. Twenty-four Mycoplasma strains were tested. Organisms of 17 strains, both avian and mammalian, multiplied in the organ cultures, and 7 strains, belonging to the species M. gallisepticum and M. mycoides var. capri, inhibited ciliary activity.
Molecular Self‐Assembly

After a brief introduction to supramolecular polymers/polymerization that differentiates between main-chain and side-chain interactions, this article highlights recent work in the area of side-chain supramolecular polymers. In particular, this article deals specifically with hydrogen bonding and aromatic π stacking recognition elements employed as pendant side chains, primarily through selected results by the authors. It is demonstrated that the side-chain supramolecular motif is an effective and practical methodology for control over solution state polymer structure from the molecular level to the microscale. Specific noncovalent interactions provide an elegant means to reversibly control solution-state polymer structure on the nano- and microscale, an efficient method for the incorporation and sensing of functional guest molecules, and also an effective means of reversibly functionalizing surfaces while maintaining charge neutrality. The “lock and key” nature, high directionality, and thermal response of these interactions make this a particularly attractive alternative to the fabrication of novel, functional materials. Also, the wealth of available interactions allows one to precisely tune form, function, and interaction strength of the assembling units providing for excellent control in materials processing. Keywords: molecular self-assembly; molecular recognition; hydrogen bonding; supramolecular polymers; noncovalent interactions; π stacking; plug and play
Teacher Perceptions of the Flipped Classroom: Using Video Lectures Online to Replace Traditional In-class Lectures

Advancements in media technologies have resulted in increased student usage causing teachers to struggle to be able to engage and hold student’s interest in a typical classroom. As students’ needs change, the field of education changes. One strategy that is gaining in popularity among teachers is the implementation of the “flipped classroom” also known as the “inverted classroom” or “reverse instruction” - a method incorporates technology to “flip” or “reverse” what is typically done in class with what is typically done as homework. Through teacher interviews of eight core teachers, this study attempts to discover teacher perceptions of the use of this method. Results of the study reveal that perceptions of the method are more positive among teachers who typically use lecture as a primary mode of information dissemination.
Investigation of 1500V Non-Punch Through IGBT Using Carrier Lifetime Control and Anode Engineering

For high power applications, non-punch through (NPT) IGBTs are increasingly employed with a lot of benefits over punch through (PT) IGBTs. However, during switching off transition the lasting tail current significantly contributes to turn-off energy loss, which deteriorates the advantages of the NPT IGBTs especially in soft switching applications. In general, in order to reduce the turn-off energy loss and optimize trade-off performance, injection efficiency is simply controlled, which will only adjust the trade-off performances within a limited range. To generate the trade-off performances in a wider range, the carrier lifetime control as well as the anode engineering is simultaneously applied. In this work, the resultant empirical data for a 1500V NPT IGBT will be investigated. The relevant device issues and their implications will also be discussed for further improvement of NPT IGBTs.
Human occipital and retinal potentials evoked by subjectively faded visual stimuli.

Abstract Human observers report marked fading or disappearance of visual patterns presented under conditions of image stabilisation of binocular rivalry. The present experiments show that these subjective effects are not accompanied by a corresponding diminution of such response potentials as can be recorded by cumulative methods of recording from retinal and occipital electrodes.
Impact of intermodulation distortion on spectrum preclusion for DSA: A new figure of merit

This paper discusses the importance of understanding the vulnerability of receivers towards intermodulation distortion. Knowledge of the RF front end non-linearity from a spectrum consumption point of view is of crucial importance in efficient spectrum management. A specific case of intermodulation distortion for Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is studied to quantify the spectrum consumption. We show that the traditional single point IIP3 definition would render insufficient information about the extent of vulnerability to adjacent channel interference. Consequently we propose a new metric as a Figure of Merit with the inclusion of variation of IIP3 with tone spacing to quantify the LNA performance or tolerance to adjacent channel interference. Example measurements of this new FOM are presented along with the discussion on its utility and importance for efficient cognitive spectrum access.
Angle of incidence does not affect accuracy of mitral stenosis area calculation by pressure half-time: application to Doppler transesophageal echocardiography.

Abstract Continuous wave Doppler transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) may allow the estimation of stenotic mitral valve area. Intuitively the posterolateral position of the transducer appears to limit the application of TEE for this purpose because of the excessive angle of incidence to mitral valve inflow. However, algebraic equations can be used to predict that the angle of incidence should not affect mitral valve area derived by using pressure half-time. To test the validity of this prediction and the potential application of Doppler TEE to estimate mitral valve area, 28 patients (21 women, 7 men) with a mean age of 59 ± 14 years with mitral stenosis were studied by continuous wave transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and TEE guided color flow Doppler. TTE was performed from the apical four-chamber (TEE-0) and a modified parasternal four-chamber (TTE-MAL) plane as a means of intentionally increasing the angle of incidence. TEE was done by using the horizontal (TEE-HAX) and vertical (TEE-VAX) planes. Mitral valve area was calculated by pressure half-time method. Mean mitral valve area did not differ ( p = not significant [NS]) between TTE-0 (1.26 ± 0.84 cm 2 ), TTE-MAL (1.37 ± 0.94 cm 2 ), TEE-HAX (1.39 ± 0.92 cm 2 ), and TEE-VAX (1.35 ± 0.89 cm 2 ). The estimated mean angle of incidence during TTE-MAL was 45 ± 12 degrees (range 21 to 68 degrees). Six (21%) of 28 and 9 (32%) of 28 patients had an underestimation of transmitral peak velocities with TEE from the horizontal or vertical planes, respectively. However, excellent correlations were found between mitral valve area derived by using TEE-0 versus TTE-MAL ( r = 0.97; SEE=0.25 cm 2 ; intercept=0.02 cm 2 ; slope=1.08; and p = 0.0001), TEE-HAX ( r = 0.91; SEE=0.39 cm 2 ; intercept=0.14 cm 2 ; slope=1.00; and p = 0.0001) and TEE-VAX ( r = 0.92; SEE=0.36 cm 2 ; intercept=0.13 cm 2 ; slope=0.97; and p = 0.0001). These results are directly applicable to Doppler TEE in the determination of mitral stenosis area by pressure half-time, whereby 21% to 32% of patients using the horizontal or vertical transesophageal planes may have a significant angle of incidence leading to underestimation of transmitral valve velocities. Future studies comparing Doppler TEE with cardiac catheterization are of interest. However, the present study suggests that Doppler TEE will play an important role in the hemodynamic assessment of the severity of mitral valve stenosis.
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the composition of two prairie plant communities

In recent decades, nitrogenous compounds, arising from various anthropogenic sources, have become significant components of precipitation and have been shown to have some profound effects on both species richness and dominance of some plant communities. To examine how nitrogen addition can affect the species composition of Central Great Plains prairie plant communities, we applied N fertilizer at five levels for each of five consecutive years at two sites in south-central Kansas with similar rainfall and temperature regimes. One site was a tallgrass prairie and the other was a sand prairie community. The treatments consisted of N additions at the rate of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 g N/m2 in the form of solid urea. Within permanent plots, we monitored annually species richness and evenness, and percentage cover by cool-season graminoids, N-fixing species, and annual/biennial species. All these measures varied considerably among years at both sites, but N treatment effects were evident at the sand prairie site on...
Direct analysis of gain-guided phase-locked semiconductor laser arrays

A method for analyzing arbitrary one-dimensional waveguides is described and applied to find the lateral modes of gain-guided laser arrays directly, without the need for a coupled-mode approximation. Detailed results are given for a four-element array for which experimental results are available, and the effect of varying device parameters on the relative gains of the modes is considered. The results show differences between gain-guided and real-index guided arrays which are not evident in prior analyses.
Initial Experience with Aspirin Use During Robotic Radical Prostatectomy

Abstract Background: New cardiology guidelines recommend antiplatelet therapy for some patients with cardiac stents. Aspirin use is relatively contraindicated during urologic surgery because of increased bleeding risk. We sought to review the outcomes of patients who continued aspirin during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Patients and Methods: Between October 2007 and February 2010, 249 patients underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy by a single surgeon. After consultation with the patients' cardiologists, 6 patients had coronary artery stents and continued aspirin perioperatively (Group 1), and 7 patients had coronary artery stents but did not continue aspirin perioperatively (Group 2). The remaining 236 patients had no coronary artery stents and did not require continued aspirin (Group 3). We analyzed our patients' preoperative characteristics, including age, prostate-specific antigen volume, and D'Amico risk, as well as operative time, blood loss, hematocrit changes, transfusion requirem...
Enhanced neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease transgenic (PDGF-APPSw,Ind) mice.

Neurogenesis continues in the adult brain and is increased in certain pathological states. We reported recently that neurogenesis is enhanced in hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We now report that the effect of AD on neurogenesis can be reproduced in a transgenic mouse model. PDGF-APPSw,Ind mice, which express the Swedish and Indiana amyloid precursor protein mutations, show increased incorporation of BrdUrd and expression of immature neuronal markers in two neuroproliferative regions: the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone. These changes, consisting of ≈2-fold increases in the number of BrdUrd-labeled cells, were observed at age 3 months, when neuronal loss and amyloid deposition are not detected. Because enhanced neurogenesis occurs in both AD and an animal model of AD, it seems to be caused by the disease itself and not by confounding clinical factors. As neurogenesis is increased in PDGF-APPSw,Ind mice in the absence of neuronal loss, it must be triggered by more subtle disease manifestations, such as impaired neurotransmission. Enhanced neurogenesis in AD and animal models of AD suggests that neurogenesis may be a compensatory response and that measures to enhance neurogenesis further could have therapeutic potential.
Comparison of motivating environments for programmer/analysts and programmers in the US, Israel and Singapore

A comparison was made on perceptions on 26 factors relating to motivation, satisfaction, and goal setting/feedback for programmer/analysts and programmers in the U.S. Israel, and Singapore. Surveys of over 550 Israelis and 1100 Singaporeans were compared to a US database on more than 8000 computer personnel. The Job Diagnostic Survey for Data processing (JDS/DP) instrument was used to collect all data. The survey results indicated a mismatch in individual growth need and the job's motivating potential for programmers in Israel and Singapore. A mismatch also exists for Singaporean programmer/analysts. A procedure for improvement is discussed. >
Treatment of children with acute myeloid leukemia

In a recent article, Woods et al report that postremission bone marrow transplantation (BMT) produced better overall survival than chemotherapy in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).[1][1] They also indicate that intensive timing induction improved postremission survival. Their study is
Dynamic control switching applied to water resource management simulation

Simulation of water resource management in hydrological numerical models is often limited to simple expressions such as rulecurves. More complex management requires additional layers of abstraction. Rulecurves tend to be simplistic, while abstraction implies expertise to convert management policies to a form which may not be recognizable by operators. The Regional Simulation Model (RSM) attempts to bridge this gap with the Management Simulation Engine (MSE). MSE allows dynamic switching of control algorithms facilita- ting hybrid control of modeled structures, even though the individual controllers are widely different. Use of hybrid controllers can simplify expression of complex management controls. This article details the architecture of the MSE that enables hybrid control. A model application is examined in which a set of tuned fuzzy control- lers are dynamically switched with piecewise linear flood controllers to simulate a hybrid control scheme. The application models a Florida water conservation area and demonstrates effective flood control without sacrificing the tuned performance of the fuzzy controllers. (KEY TERMS: water resources management; planning; watershed management; modeling; simulation.)
Report on the Status of Calibration of Bone Vibrators in Selected Clinics

The calibration status of bone vibrators in selected audiology clinics was examined with the use of a Beltone mechanical coupler. Outputs of bone vibrators were measured and compared to Hearing Aid Industries Conference (HAIC) Interim Standard values. The results suggest that the status of calibration of bone vibrators, in the 16 clinics sampled, did not conform to HAIC Interim Standards for 76% of the measurements
Graph-based mapping by mobile robots

ABSTRACT We have developed a system for robotic map construction based on representing the robot's environment as afinite automaton. In this paper we first describe the automaton model, then present an algorithm used to control exploration and construct a map. We describe the robotic systems used by the algorithm as procedures, and report on experiments performed using the system in simulation and in a real environment. 1 INTRODUCTION We have developed a system for robotic map construction based on representing the robot's environment as afinite automaton. This approach has been used previously by Kuipers, Levitt, Mataric and others.[7, 8, 10, 9]Essentially, the idea is to provide the robot with a set of actions that it can perform which consistently leavethe robot in some set of locations in the world and with a means of sensing information about these locations:The locations reached become the states in the robot's representation, while the actions specify the transition
Effects of β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester on suppressed and non-suppressed responding in the rhesus monkey

Abstract The effects of the putative ‘anxiogenic’ compound β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (β-CCE) were studied on non-suppressed and suppressed responding of rhesus monkeys. Responding was maintained under a fixed-interval 2 min schedule of food presentation (non-suppressed responding) and a fixed-interval 2 min schedule of food presentation where each 10th response produced a 3–5 mA footshock (suppressed responding). Rates of suppressed responding were 60–90% lower than those for non-suppressed responding. β-CCE reliably decreased non-suppressed responding over the range of 0.03–0.3 mg/kg (ED 50 ∼ 0.04 mg/kg) while consistent decrease in suppressed reponding were not obtained in all animals until doses of 1–3 mg/kg (ED 50 ∼ 2 mg/kg) were given. Doses of β-CCE greater than 0.01 mg/kg slightly increased blood pressure, moderately increased heart rate and greatly increased plasma ACTH levels for both types of response. In contrast, diazepam increased suppressed responding without affecting non-suppressed responding at low doses (0.3-1 mg/kg), while higher doses were required to decrease suppressed responding. Diazepam had little effect on blood pressure or mean heart rate. Ro 15–1788 (1 mg/kg) blocked the rate-decreasing effects of β-CCE on non-suppressed responding, suggesting the decrease is mediated via a benzodiazepine recognition site. These results show that under conditions where relatively low doses of diazepam have an anxiolytic effect (i.e. selectively increase rates of suppressed responding), relatively low doses of β-CCE selectively decrease non-suppressed responding, questioning current notions of how to define an anxiogenic drug effect.
Basis for sudden cardiac death prediction by T-wave alternans from an integrative physiology perspective

Detection of microvolt levels of T-wave alternans (TWA) has been shown to be useful in identifying individuals at heightened risk for sudden cardiac death. The mechanistic bases for TWA are complex, at the cellular level involving multiple mechanisms, particularly instabilities in membrane voltage (i.e., steep action potential duration restitution slope) and disruptions in intracellular calcium cycling dynamics. The integrative factors influencing TWA at the systemic level are also multifold. We focus on three main variables: heart rate, autonomic nervous system activity, and myocardial ischemia. Clinically, there is growing interest in extending TWA testing to include ambulatory ECG monitoring as well as exercise. The former modality permits assessment of the influence of diverse provocative stimuli of daily life, including physical activity, circadian factors, mental stress, and sleep-state related disturbances in respiratory and cardiovascular function. Two major emerging concepts in clinical TWA testing are discussed: quantitative analysis of TWA level to complement the current binary classification scheme, and risk stratification of patients with preserved left ventricular function, the population with the largest absolute number of sudden cardiac deaths.
Nutritional rehabilitation: practical guidelines for refeeding the anorectic patient

Weight restoration is crucial for successful treatment of anorexia nervosa. Without it, patients may face serious or even fatal medical complications of severe starvation. However, the process of nutritional rehabilitation can also be risky to the patient. The refeeding syndrome, a problem of electrolyte and fluid shifts, can cause permanent disability or even death. It is essential to identify at-risk patients, to monitor them carefully, and to initiate a nutritional rehabilitation program that aims to avoid the refeeding syndrome. A judicious, slow initiation of caloric intake, requires daily management to respond to entities such as liver inflammation and hypoglycemia that can complicate the body's conversion from a catabolic to an anabolic state. In addition, nutritional rehabilitation should take into account clinical characteristics unique to these patients, such as gastroparesis and slowed colonic transit, so that measures can be taken to ameliorate the physical discomforts of weight restoration. Adjunct methods of refeeding such as the use of enteral or parenteral nutrition may play a small but important role in a select patient group who cannot tolerate oral nutritional rehabilitation alone.
Collective and Individual Molecular Nonlinear Photonics of Liquid Crystals

This review will examine the origins of nonlinear light scattering processes in nematic liquid crystals, and explore various nonlinear photonic processes associated with optically induced director axis reorientation effects. Our theoretical prediction shows that the upper limit of nematic liquid crystal reorientation nonlinearity can be as high as 1000 cm2/W. The supra-nonlinear responses of nematic liquid crystals enable various self-action or electro-optical guiding, mixing, switching and modulation of light with unprecedented low power thresholds. Owing to the broadband birefringence of NLC, we expect to realize optical elements/devices capable of similar multi-functional operations throughout the visible — infrared regime. We also discuss the optical limiting action of isotropic-phase liquid crystal filled nonlinear fiber arrays.
Uptake of nitrate and sulfate on dust aerosols during TRACE-P

Aerosol data collected near Asia on the DC-8 aircraft platform during TRACE-P has been examined for evidence of uptake of NO3(-) and SO4(-) on dust surfaces. Data is compared between a sector where dust was predominant and a sector where dust was less of an influence. Coincident with dust were higher mixing ratios of anthropogenic pollutants. HNO3, SO2, and CO were higher in the dust sector than the nondust sector by factors of 2.7, 6.2, and 1.5, respectively. The colocation of dust and pollution sources allowed for the uptake of NO3(-) and nss-SO4(-) on the coarse dust aerosols, increasing the mixing ratios of these particulates by factors of 5.7 and 2.6 on average. There was sufficient nss-SO4(-) to take up all of the NH4(+) present, with enough excess nss-SO4(-) to also react with dust CaCO3. This suggests that the enhanced NO3(-) was not in fine mode NH4NO3. Particulate NO3(-) (p-NO3(-)) constituted 54% of the total NO3(-), (t-NO3(-)) on average, reaching a maximum of 72% in the dust sector. In the nondust sector, p-NO3(-) contributed 37% to t-NO3(-), likely due to the abundance of sea salts there. In two other sectors where the influence of dust and sea salt were minimal, p-NO3(-), accounted for < 15% of t-NO3(-).
Fluorescence microscopy and radiolabeling of C3 and C4 chloroplasts using diisothiocyanatostilbene disulfonic acid as a marker for the phosphate translocator

The usefulness of 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS) for in-situ studies of the chloroplast phosphate translocator was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and radiolabeling of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) (C3 plant) and maize (Zea mays L.) (C4 plant) chloroplasts. In maize mesophyll and bundle-sheath chloroplasts and in spinach chloroplasts that were either intact, broken or swollen, DIDS fluorescence was only associated with the chloroplast envelope. Intact chloroplasts often had fluorescent patches corresponding to concave regions of the chloroplast which we assume to be regions enriched in DIDS-binding sites.
The nature of the relative bonding chemistry in zeolites : an XPS study

Abstract A detailed analysis is provided of the chemical-bonding implications of a series of XPS studies of various zeolite systems. Both XPS core level and valence band results are analyzed. The study demonstrates that tetrahedral sodium aluminate is a relatively ionic oxide, whereas the SiO bonds in silica are much more covalent. The varying combinations of these two species found in different zeolites produce progressive shifting patterns in the XPS results that are indicative of related progressions in the relative covalency/ionicity in the zeolite bonding. The study is employed to track the Bronsted acidity of various HZ zeolite systems including dealuminated (ultra stabilized) Y zeolites. Interconnections are also demonstrated with changing patterns of features related to the Sanderson intermediate electronegativity. A key aspect of this study is that we suggest that it is necessary to consider that the oxygens in these zeolite (and related) systems are subject to extensive polarization.
The cricothyroid route for anesthesia in bronchoscopy.

The cricothyroid technic of anesthesia is effective and safe for bronchoscopy. Its ease of induction also commends it.
High-Temperature Performance of Actively Cooled Vapor Phase Strengthened Nickel-Based Thermostructural Panels

Actively cooled thermostructural panels for use in emerging hypersonic flight systems require advanced materials able to support substantial loads at elevated temperatures. Identifying formable structural materials with strength, toughness, and oxidation resistance is a major challenge in this advancing technology. Geometrical optimization of thermostructural panels for scramjet applications minimizing mass with appropriate mechanical strength and cooling capacity combinations often requires submillimeter wall and face-sheet thicknesses. A new processing method was developed, resulting in rectangular-channeled panels made of nickel-based precipitation-strengthened alloy in a previously unobtainable thin-walled geometry suitable for active cooling. The processing method begins with panel fabrication from submillimeter-thin sheets of a Ni-based solid-solution alloy. The strength of the panel is subsequently increased by vapor phase aluminization combined with an annealing treatment. The vapor phase strengthening process increases the yield strength of the panel by a factor of approximately three. Panels were fabricated with geometry representative of optimal designs and tested at high temperature with active cooling in both as-fabricated and strengthened states. The strengthened, actively cooled panel withstood a temperature 478°C higher than the as-fabricated panel before failure under high heat flux conditions, indicating that the vapor phase strengthening process provides substantial new performance capabilities.
Improvement of an oxygen filtered neutron beam of 2.35 MeV

Abstract Various lengths of liquid oxygen were tested as a filter to provide a high purity, high flux, neutron beam of 2.35 MeV. Uranium or bismuth were added to the oxygen to reduce background radiation at the face of the reactor's biological shielding. Oxygen, in the liquid state, produces the most effective filter and beam purity was improved by lengthening the filter. A 1.8 m liquid oxygen filter increased beam purity to 98%, but reduced the flux of 2.35 MeV neutrons by a factor of three compared to a 0.9 m long liquid oxygen filter with a beam purity of 85%.
Experimental Measurement of Glass to Mold Heat Transfer for Computational Modeling of Container Production

Recent advances in numerical simulation capabilities have made the modeling of glass container forming processes feasible. These forming models must include large free surface deformations, viscoelastic behavior, conjugate heat transfer, and complex contact phenomena between the glass and the forming molds. One of the most critical inputs to these models is the heat flux between the glass and mold. A simple one-dimensional heat transfer model was developed for use in conjunction with a complex three-dimensional forming model to determine the heat flow between the glass and forming mold. Initial comparisons to experimental results indicate the simple model captures the primary physics of heat flow during forming. This paper describes an experimental effort to determine the time varying contact conductance between molten glass and container forming molds. The experimental apparatus is capable of independently varying the glass pressure, glass temperature, mold temperature, and glass type. Initial validation of the experimentally determined contact conductance function in conjunction with the one-dimensional heat transfer model utilized within a glass forming model indicate good agreement between calculated and measured results. These forming models are now able to determine final glass container properties without having to resort to the trial-and-error process currently utilized in glass container production.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
El genio femenino y la autoridad literaria: "Luisa Molina" de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda

Resumen es: Este trabajo estudia el articulo periodistico Luisa Molina (1857), como ejemplo de la contribucion que hace Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda al desarroll...
Feminist Therapy for Men: Challenging Assumptions and Moving Forward

Feminist therapy has a unique history in counseling and psychotherapy. This unique history has had an impact on the development of the modality which includes combining methods and ideologies from diverse therapeutic frameworks while still maintaining a core set of principles. While intended originally for women, feminist therapy is argued here also to be a useful resource for men. The traditional masculinist perspective, assumed to be appropriate for men, is argued to not address diverse experiences men bring to therapy, but rather to support dominant prescriptive desires of a patriarchal culture. Utilizing tenets from various feminist theories, this article will argue how men can benefit from feminist therapy when practitioners reject essentializing men, recognize diversity in men's gender identity, help male clients understand the effects of normative masculine conformity and assist them in understanding their varying engagements with male privilege.
Combining a Standard Fischer Esterification Experiment with Stereochemical and Molecular-Modeling Concepts

The Fisher esterification reaction is ideally suited for the undergraduate organic laboratory because it is easy to carry out and often involves a suitable introduction to basic laboratory techniques including extraction, distillation, and simple spectroscopic (IR and NMR) analyses. Here, a Fisher esterification reaction is described in which the product is also ideally suited for more in-depth analyses of NMR assignments using standard 2D NMR techniques as well as incorporating molecular modeling arguments and the Karplus relationship between torsional angles and vicinal coupling constants to assign 1H NMR signals to specific diastereotopic hydrogens.