cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SUSTAIN: a model of human category learning

SUSTAIN (Supervised and Unsupervised STratified Adaptive Incremental Network) is a network model of human category learning. SUSTAIN is a three layer model where learning between the first two layers is unsupervised, while learning between the top two layers is supervised. SUSTAIN clusters inputs in an unsupervised fashion until it groups input patterns inappropriately (as signaled by the supervised portion of the network). When such an error occurs, SUSTAIN alters its architecture, recruiting a new unit that is tuned to correctly classify the exception. Units recruited to capture exceptions can evolve into prototypes/attractor/rules in their own right. SUSTAIN's adaptive architecture allows it to master simple classification problems quickly, while still retaining the capacity to learn difficult mappings. SUSTAIN also adjusts its sensitivity to input dimensions during the course of learning, paying more attention to dimensions relevant to the classification task. Shepard, Hovland, and Jenkins's (1961) challenging category learning data is fit successfully by SUSTAIN. Other applications of SUSTAIN are discussed. SUSTAIN is compared to other classification models.
Multiple Transport of Hazardous Material: Probabilities of Profitability

The transport of hazardous material can involve catastrophes occurring, particularly when multiple transport trips are made. This article shows how a corporation can estimate the likelihood of being able to make a profit from a large number of such trips, with due allowance being included of the potential for a catastrophic event. The main emphasis is on estimating and updating the probability of a catastrophe based on information from prior trips. In addition, a procedure is given for allowing a corporation to decide whether it is better to buy out of a contract to transport hazardous material based on anticipated revenues including the hazard potential of a catastrophe occurring. Several numerical examples are provided to show how such estimating procedures operate in practice.
On the efficient evaluation of integral arising in the sommerfeld halfspace problem

An efficient approach is described for the numerical evaluation of the Sommerfeld integrals which arise in analyses of antennas radiating over a dielectric halfspace. The main features of this approach can be summarised as follows. The contour deformation principle is employed to express the original integral as a sum of the steepest descent-path (SDP) integral and the possible branch-cut-path (BCP) integral, which are then evaluated numerically. If the branch point is captured, the SDP is allowed to go to the bottom sheet of the Riemann surface, resulting in a continuous behaviour of the integrand. In the last case, the BCP is deformed to the SDP emanating from the branch point, on which the integrand decays rapidly. Also, the Zenneck pole is subtracted, resulting in a smooth behaviour of the integrand on the SDP.
Design study for a superconducting proton linac from 20 to 100 MeV

This superconducting linac concept consists of individual multicell cavities, each driven by a klystrode. Focusing is provided by superconducting quadrupole lenses between cavities. The authors describe our study to evaluate the potential of a superconducting proton linac section for this application, and address some of the many design choices. >
A Research Agenda for the Coming Renaissance in Systems Engineering

NASA and the National Science Foundation conducted three workshop during 2010 and 2011 addressing basic research needs in sy stems engineering. The workshop are described and the research needs are summarized. Essentially, these workshops pressed for a shift from a focus on proce ss to a focus on product, largely through the lens of decision. How does each engine ering choice, whether it is made by a lead systems engineer or made by a design team deep within a large engineering organization, affect the resulting prod uct? If the point were to make an excellent product, how would systems engineering be different than it is today?
Delegating, not returning, to the biosphere: How to use the multi-scalar and ecological properties of cities

A B S T R A C T Our aim is to theorize the shifting relationship between cities and the biosphere in ways that can incorporate vanguard scientific, technical and social innovations. We specify that the city (a) generates third natures – specific new environments – such as heat islands, that today are destructive of the biosphere, and (b) that the city has systemic properties that correspond to those of the biosphere, but today are mostly flattened out of action through the ruptures that dominate today’s articulation between cities and biosphere. That is to say, our specific project agrees with the problematizing of the category ‘‘nature,’’ which pertains to our presence in the biosphere. But we do not take Harvey’s more absolute statement that the city itself is nature nor do we confine our analysis only to Latourian natures–cultures. Our analysis is less centered in the work of correcting a false binary, as is the case with both Latour and Harvey, notwithstanding their different objects of study. We focus on the complex in-between space that is the site of both the transactions between city and biosphere, as well as the site of the ruptures that characterize these transactions. 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Prey- and density-mediated dispersal in Carcinops pumilio (Coleoptera: Histeridae), a predator of house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) eggs and larvae.

Carcinops pumilio (Erichson) were collected using two trapping methods: a black light pitfall trap and a mesh-bottomed trap placed on poultry manure. C. pumilio collected with black lights and subsequently starved had a significantly higher dispersal rate during days 1-3 than fully fed groups. When densities of ,500 Caloglyphus berlesei (Michael) (Acarina: Acaridae) per 50 C. pumilio were provided, mite availability had a significant effect on dispersal of beetles captured with both black light traps and the mesh-bottomed trap during the day 1-3 period. Our results indicate that the availability of acceptable food sources can delay and possibly prevent dispersal by C. pumilio. Black light-captured beetles appeared to be in a state of dispersal when captured. A subset of dispersing beetles was present in groups captured with the mesh-bottomed trap.
Beta-Endorphin Neuron Regulates Stress Response and Innate Immunity to Prevent Breast Cancer Growth and Progression

Body and mind interact extensively with each other to control health. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic neurobehavioral stress can promote various tumor growth and progression. The biological reaction to stress involves a chemical cascade initiated within the central nervous system and extends to the periphery, encompassing the immune, endocrine, and autonomic systems. Activation of sympathetic nervous system, such as what happens in the "fight or flight" response, downregulates tumor-suppressive genes, inhibits immune function, and promotes tumor growth. On the other hand, an optimistic attitude or psychological intervention helps cancer patients to survive longer via increase in β-endorphin neuronal suppression of stress hormone levels and sympathetic outflows and activation of parasympathetic control of tumor suppressor gene and innate immune cells to destroy and clear tumor cells.
Archive migration through workflow automation

The Center for Plasma Edge Simulation project aims to automate the tedious tasks of simulation monitoring, data archival and coupling simulation codes using the Kepler scientific workflow environment. The technology has been successfully applied for migrating a combustion data archive of 10TB from NERSC to ORNL, where there were no other automated solutions for this task. This paper describes the workflow that migrates large files from mass storage systems using external tools and temporary staging to disks, performing different stages in a pipeline-parallel fashion, parallelizing file transfers and doing special checkpointing to make the workflow restartable and also perform operations that failed earlier. The advantage of creating/using such a workflow over specialized data migration services is its independence from specific systems so it can be used by configuring the external tools to be used. The advantage over scripts is the robust exection (handling failures and timeouts) and efficiency (parallelization wherever possible).
The UV signature of carbon in the solar system

Carbon compounds are ubiquitous in the solar system but are challenging to study using remote sensing due to the mostly bland spectral nature of these species in the traditional visible-near-infrared regime. In contrast, carbonaceous species are spectrally active in the ultraviolet (UV) but have largely not been considered for studies of solar system surfaces. We compile existing UV data of carbon compounds—well-studied in contemplation of the ISM extinction “bump”—to review trends in UV spectral behavior. Thermal and/or irradiation processing of carbon species results in the loss of H and ultimately graphitization. Graphitization is shown to produce distinct spectral features in the UV, which are predicted to be more readily detected in the inner solar system, whereas outer solar system bodies are expected to be more dominated by less-processed carbon compounds. Throughout the solar system, we can thus consider a “carbon continuum” where the more evolved carbons in the inner solar system exhibit a stronger UV absorption feature and associated far-UV rise. We compare carbon spectral models with spacecraft data of two bodies from different points in the carbon continuum, Ceres and Iapetus. We find that the apparent strong far-UV upturn in Ceres’ spectrum (in the 150–200 nm range) can be explained by an anthracite-like species while Iapetus’ spectrum features a reflectance peak consistent with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We make generalized predictions for UV spectral characteristics in other regions of the solar system.
Freezing of Water and Aqueous NaCl Droplets Coated by Organic Monolayers as a Function of Surfactant Properties and Water Activity

This study presents heterogeneous ice nucleation from water and aqueous NaCl droplets coated by 1-nonadecanol and 1-nonadecanoic acid monolayers as a function of water activity (aw) from 0.8 to 1 accompanied by measurements of the corresponding pressure–area isotherms and equilibrium spreading pressures. For water and aqueous NaCl solutions of ∼0–20 wt % in concentration, 1-nonadecanol exhibits a condensed phase, whereas the phase of 1-nonadecanoic acid changes from an expanded to a condensed state with increasing NaCl content of the aqueous subphase. 1-Nonadecanol-coated aqueous droplets exhibit the highest median freezing temperatures that can be described by a shift in aw of the ice melting curve by 0.098 according to the aw-based ice nucleation approach. This freezing curve represents a heterogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficient (Jhet) of 0.85 ± 0.30 cm–2 s–1. The median freezing temperatures of 1-nonadecanoic acid-coated aqueous droplets decrease less with increasing NaCl content compared to the h...
Acatalasemia and Hypocatalasemia in the Dog and the Duck

SummaryThe dog is shown to have very low blood catalase activity levels, ranging from an immeasurably low blood catalase to a level which in other species would be considered hypocatalasemic. Although some tissue levels of catalase activity are lower than, say, those of the normal mouse, the dog and the duck are not acatalatic.
Speech perception differences in children with dyslexia and persistent speech delay

The degree to which speech perception deficits overlap is unknown in children with dyslexia and children with persistent speech delay.This study used sine-wave speech and amplitude-comodulated sine-wave speech to determine whether these children respond similarly to stimuli preserving spectral structure.Amplitude comodulation improves speech perception in children with phonological impairments, particularly for children with dyslexia.Children with persistent speech delay have difficulty perceiving words containing their erred sound. PurposeDeficits in phonology, which are related to the organization and retrieval of speech sounds in the mental lexicon, are associated with two distinct clinical disorders, dyslexia and persistent speech delay. Research has shown associated speech perception deficits in individuals with these disorders, but the degree to which the underlying perceptual deficits overlap is unclear. In this study, we investigated how children with dyslexia, children with persistent speech delay and their typically-developing peers differed in speech perception when listening to speech stimuli that varied in non-linguistic temporal fine structure acoustic characteristics. MethodThirty-six children were classified into three groups (dyslexia, speech sound disorder, typically-developing; n=12 in each group) based on their reading and speech articulation skills. Novel single-word sine-wave speech stimuli was aurally presented to the children. ResultsThere were no group differences between children with dyslexia and their typically-developing peers, but the children with persistent speech delay had more difficulty than the other two groups. In particular, the children with persistent speech delay had difficulty recognizing words with limited acoustic structure when the stimuli involved a phoneme that they misarticulated in their own speech. ConclusionsThese results suggest a specific difficulty in the perception of temporal fine structure in children with persistent speech delay.
Regulation of amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels by endothelin-1 in distal nephron cells.

We used patch-clamp methods to investigate the effects of basolateral endothelin-1 (ET-1) on the amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel in A6 distal nephron cells. One hundred picomolar ET-1 decreased cha...
Diet and Cardiovascular Health: Global Challenges and Opportunities

A healthy diet is the cornerstone of cardiovascular health, and individual behavior and environmental level factors work together to influence healthful dietary intake. Across the world, correlations can be seen between cardiovascular health and healthful food environments. Further, evidence from a large body of research studies shows that dietary intake is related to risk factors for cardiovascular disease and stroke [1]. One framework for thinking about dietary intake is the socioecological model which shows the dynamic inter-relations among various personal and environmental factors (Fig. 1) [2]. This framework for prevention highlights the complex interplay amongst multiple levels of factors that influence public health problems. Individual level factors include genetics, sex, age, education, race, ethnicity, culture, socioeconomic status, health behavior, and occupation. Relationship factors include family, peers, intimate partners, religious and social groups. Community factors include neighborhood, schools, workplace, and geographical placement. Societal factors include health care system, educational and economic policies, politics, justice system, and the natural and built environment. All of these factors must be considered in efforts to promote diets for optimal cardiovascular health.
Lessons Learned, Implications and the Way Forward

This concluding chapter seeks to highlight the key lessons and take-aways that we can gain from the ever-growing real and perceived cyber-threats and the responses of governments and other actors to such threats. It discusses important implications for governments, especially those from developing countries. Despite some exaggeration of military, political, economic and cultural securities of CS issues by some economies analyzed in this book, these notions can aid in understanding CS-related threats facing of developing countries. It also makes recommendations for board of directors, top management teams and consumers. Also identified are future research directions.
Abstract 4082: Epithelial-stromal interactions are altered at the earliest stages of colon cancer development

While progression of nonmalignant colonic cells carrying somatic mutations to early malignancy is dependent upon interactions between mutated epithelium and surrounding stroma, the nature of these interactions is poorly understood. Here we report the development of an ultra-sensitive laser capture microdissection/RNA-seq approach for profiling the epithelial and stromal compartments of mutated aberrant crypt foci (ACF). ACF are the earliest detectable pre-neoplastic lesion found in human colon and were identified using high-definition endoscopy with contrast dye-spray. We focused on epithelial and stromal cells of ACF carrying somatic mutations to either KRAS, BRAF or APC, and compared these to control samples from each patient. By comparing the gene expression from each group, we identified an increase in a number of pro-inflammatory NF-κB target genes that are specific to ACF epithelium (including TIMP1, RELA and RELB). We confirmed distinct transcriptional changes associated with each somatic mutation and demonstrate that a subset of ACF display a BRAFV600E-mediated senescence-associated transcriptome, characterized by increased expression of CDKN2A (p16). Furthermore, ACF-associated stroma is transcriptionally distinct from adjacent normal stroma and genes related to immune cell infiltration and activation of fibroblasts are up-regulated. Immunofluorescence analysis confirms the abundance of activated fibroblasts in ACF stroma regardless of mutational status. These results provide new insight into the cellular interplay that occurs at the very early stages of colon cancer development, highlighting the role of activated stromal fibroblasts and inflammation. Citation Format: Allen Mo, Stephen Jackson, Kamini Varma, Alan Carpino, Charles Giardina, Thomas J. Devers, Daniel W. Rosenberg. Epithelial-stromal interactions are altered at the earliest stages of colon cancer development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4082.
Spray pyrolysis and electrochemical performance of Na0.44MnO2 for sodium-ion battery cathodes

In this study, we investigate spray pyrolysis as an approach to synthesis of tunnel structure sodium manganese oxide, as it is a cost-effective and scalable technology. The powders synthesized with Na/Mn ratio of 0.50 displayed a pure tunnel structure, and demonstrated the best electrochemical performance, with a discharge capacity of 115 mAh/g. The material also showed good cycleability and rate capability. Noticeable decay in performance was seen in materials with Na/Mn ratios other than 0.50, indicating that this material is sensitive to minor compositional deviations. This study has demonstrated that spray pyrolysis is a promising synthesis method for this material.
Development and dynamics of cell polarity at a glance

Cells exhibit morphological and molecular asymmetries that are broadly categorized as cell polarity. The cell polarity established in early embryos prefigures the macroscopic anatomical asymmetries characteristic of adult animals. For example, eggs and early embryos have polarized distributions of RNAs and proteins that generate global anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes. The molecular programs that polarize embryos are subsequently reused in multiple contexts. Epithelial cells require apical/basal polarity to establish their barrier function. Migrating cells polarize in the direction of movement, creating distinct leading and trailing structures. Asymmetrically dividing stem cells partition different molecules between themselves and their daughter cells. Cell polarity can develop de novo, be maintained through rounds of cell division and be dynamically remodeled. In this Cell Science at a Glance review and poster, we describe molecular asymmetries that underlie cell polarity in several cellular contexts. We highlight multiple developmental systems that first establish cell/developmental polarity, and then maintain it. Our poster showcases repeated use of the Par, Scribble and Crumbs polarity complexes, which drive the development of cell polarity in many cell types and organisms. We then briefly discuss the diverse and dynamic changes in cell polarity that occur during cell migration, asymmetric cell division and in planar polarized tissues.
Mitochondrial Dynamics in Regulating the Unique Phenotypes of Cancer and Stem Cells

Cancer and stem cells appear to share a common metabolic profile that is characterized by high utilization of glucose through aerobic glycolysis. In the presence of sufficient nutrients, this metabolic strategy provides sufficient cellular ATP while additionally providing important metabolites necessary for the biosynthetic demands of continuous cell proliferation. Recent studies indicate that this metabolic profile is dependent on genes that regulate the fusion and fission of mitochondria. High levels of mitochondrial fission activity are associated with high proliferation and invasiveness in some cancer cells and with self-renewal and resistance to differentiation in some stem cells. These observations reveal new ways in which mitochondria regulate cell physiology, through their effects on metabolism and cell signaling.
Can Spathius galinae attack emerald ash borer larvae feeding in large ash trees

Abstract Agrilus planipennis, the emerald ash borer (EAB), is an invasive forest pest decimating North American ash trees. Population-wide management of EAB is focused on biological control through the introduction of four parasitic wasps, including the recently approved larval parasitoid Spathius galinae. This species was approved for release in the north-central and northeastern US in 2015 and its long ovipositor (4–5.3 mm) is expected to allow it to reach EAB larvae in larger ash trees with thicker bark, than the only other successfully established larval parasitoid, Tetrastichus planipennisi. Using experimentally infested logs of varying diameters in the laboratory, we measured the effect of bark thickness on oviposition of S. galinae to understand its potential value for controlling EAB in trees of differing diameter and bark thickness. Parasitism by S. galinae was highest when bark was thin ( 95% of all ash in the northeastern United States. S. galinae will likely play a vital role in providing additional control and in supporting ash regeneration in aftermath areas of EAB invasions.
The Effects of Nutrient Imbalances and Temperature on the Biomass Stoichiometry of Freshwater Bacteria.

Two contemporary effects of humans on aquatic ecosystems are increasing temperatures and increasing nutrient concentrations from fertilizers. The response of organisms to these perturbations has important implications for ecosystem processes. We examined the effects of phosphorus (P) supply and temperature on organismal carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (C, N and P) content, cell size and allocation into internal P pools in three strains of recently isolated bacteria (Agrobacterium sp., Flavobacterium sp., and Arthrobacter sp.). We manipulated resource C:P in chemostats and also manipulated temperatures from 10 to 30oC. Dilution rates were maintained for all the strains at approximately 25% of their temperature-specific maximum growth rate to simulate low growth rates in natural systems. Under these conditions, there were large effects of resource stoichiometry and temperature on biomass stoichiometry, element quotas, and cell size. Each strain was smaller when C-limited and larger when P-limited. Temperature had weak effects on morphology, little effect on C quotas, no effect on N quotas, and biomass C:N, but had strong effects on P quotas, biomass N:P and C:P, and RNA. RNA content per cell increased with increasing temperature at most C:P supply ratios, but was more strongly affected by resource stoichiometry than temperature. Because we used a uniform relative growth rate across temperatures, these findings mean that there are important nutrient and temperature affects on biomass composition and stoichiometry that are independent of growth rate. Changes in biomass stoichiometry with temperature were greatest at low P availability, suggesting tighter coupling between temperature and biomass stoichiometry in oligotrophic ecosystems than in eutrophic systems. Because the C:P stoichiometry of biomass affects how bacteria assimilate and remineralize C, increased P availability could disrupt a negative feedback between biomass stoichiometry and C availability.
Examination of potassium diode pumped alkali laser using He, Ar, CH_4 and C_2H_6 as buffer gas

We examined the performance of a potassium diode pumped alkali laser (K DPAL) using He, Ar, CH4, C2H6 and a mixture of He and CH4 as a buffer gas to provide spin-orbit mixing of the 4P3/2 and 4P1/2 states of Potassium atoms. We found that pure helium cannot be used as an efficient buffer gas for continuous wave lasing without using a flowing system with a considerable flow speed of about 100 m/s. In contrast, using a small amount of methane (10-20 Torr) mixed with helium, continuous wave lasing can be achieved using very moderate flow speeds of about 1 m/s.
Energy Levels in B 10 in the Reaction Li 6 ( α , γ ) B 10

The yield of the reaction ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, \ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{B}}^{10}$ was measured as a function of bombarding energy from 0.7 up to 3.8 Mev. Five levels in ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}$ were found at excitation energies of 4.77, 5.11, 5.16, 5.91, and 6.02 Mev. Only the levels at 4.77 and 5.16 Mev have been observed previously in this reaction. Resonance widths, cross sections, branching ratios, and angular distributions are given for the levels. Spin assignments of ${2}^{+}$ (or possibly ${3}^{+}$) to the 4.77-Mev level and ${4}^{+}$ to the 6.02-Mev level are indicated by the evidence. For the other levels many spins are ruled out but definite assignments cannot be given.
Using TWEN to Reach Evening Students

This short paper presents a way of using TWEN (The West Education Network) to most effectively communicate with evening students, whose schedules often make it difficult to have face-to-face contacts with professors.
TIGIT: a novel immunotherapy target moving from bench to bedside

Treatment strategies for patients with advanced solid tumors have traditionally been based on three different paradigms: surgery, cytotoxics (chemotherapy or radiation therapy) and targeted therapies. Immunotherapy has emerged as a novel treatment paradigm in our armamentarium. Unfortunately, most patients still do not benefit from immunotherapy. These patients often have “cold tumors” characterized by a paucity of effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment, low mutational load, low neoantigen burden and often an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. TIGIT is an immunoreceptor inhibitory checkpoint that has been implicated in tumor immunosurveillance. Expression of TIGIT has been demonstrated in both NK cells and T cells and plays a role in their activation and maturation. TIGIT competes with immunoactivator receptor CD226 (DNAM-1) for the same set of ligands: CD155 (PVR or poliovirus receptor) and CD112 (Nectin-2 or PVRL2). TIGIT’s role in tumor immunosurveillance is analogous to the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in tumor immunosuppression. Both TIGIT and PD-1 are upregulated in a variety of different cancers. Anti-TIGIT antibodies have demonstrated synergy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in pre-clinical models. Currently, there are multiple first-in-man phase I trials hoping to exploit this new pathway and improve response rates with existing immunotherapies.
Design and characterization of a new absolute diffuse reflectance reference instrument at the NRC

Absolute diffuse reflectance measurements may be carried out by means of both integrating sphere and goniometer- based methods. At the National Research Council of Canada, the scale of absolute diffuse spectral reflectance is currently realized in the UV/VIS/NIR range using the modified Sharp-Little integrating sphere method. To ex- tend the wavelength range and improve instrument performance, a new absolute reflectometer facility is presently being constructed. The new system features a monochromator-based tunable light source, interchangeable detector systems (PMT, Si, and extended InGaAs) and a custom polytetrafluoroethylene integrating sphere. Aspects of the sphere aimed at mitigating the effects of sphere asymmetry and sample recess will be discussed. Data characterizing the wavelength scale, bandpass, and linearity of the new system will also be presented.
At the Intersection of Difficulty and Masculinity: Crafting the Play Ethic

Punishment is an important force within video games that influences the specific actions players perform. This chapter builds on Jesper Juul’s categorization of the mechanical punishments games offer to discuss the ways games have enforced particular kinds of masculinity that revolve around the effort and work of play needed to gain the social capital of a proper “gamer.” Theorizing these gender offense punishments and how they have emerged in games thus far, I discuss how these interact with the challenges games offer in order to craft a particular play ethic. Lastly, this chapter investigates how scholars can use lower difficulty levels to understand the effects of difficulty and challenge in the creation and subversion of gamic meanings.
Preconception Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Leads to Cardiac Dysfunction in Adult Male Offspring

Background Particulate matter (particles < 2.5 μm [PM2.5]) exposure during the in utero and postnatal developmental periods causes cardiac dysfunction during adulthood. Here, we investigated the po...
Combining the Skill Themes Approach with Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility to Teach Social and Emotional Learning in Elementary Physical Education.

Social and emotional learning competencies are included within physical education standards in the United States and abroad. Students should begin learning these important life skills in physical e...
Is GRADE the Right Choice for Clinical Practice Guidelines Developed by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation?

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), developed to inform clinicians, patients, and policy makers about what constitutes optimal clinical care, are one way of increasing implementation of evidence i...
Exercise Training and Pulmonary Rehabilitation in the Pulmonary Hypertension Patient

Recent evidence challenges the traditional wisdom regarding the risks of exercise in PAH patients. Clearly, there are some patients who benefit from the addition of pulmonary rehabilitation to thei...
The Other House Museum: Places of Worship and the Case of Synagogues

This article explores the house of worship museum; a type often overlooked in house museum analysis. Due to the history and functioning of house of worship museums their interpretation, development...
Teaching Interdisciplinary Archaeology: Our Students as Our Future Agents of Change

I discuss my experiences using archaeology and anthropology to teach college-level students how to be interdisciplinary thinkers and doers. Although the number of students who complete archaeology and anthropology degrees is relatively small in the United States and worldwide, programs and courses in such fields offer any student important opportunities in active, interdisciplinary learning that contribute to effective problem-solving using multiple lines of information. Courses and learning activities can question stereotypes depicting archaeology as a “useless” discipline (Arendt 2013:79), and they can prepare students to engage in and adapt to countless personal and professional situations while also learning about archaeology, its benefits, and its potential for relationships with similar and different fields. Therefore, the active learning of multimethod, interdisciplinary archaeology can prepare college-level students to address change and uncertainty in their homes, communities, and professions.
Super selective intra-arterial cerebral infusion of modern chemotherapeutics after blood–brain barrier disruption: where are we now, and where we are going

The name of author Jason A. Ellis was missing in the intial online publication, and there was a typo in the sixth author's first name. The original article has been corrected.
Identifying the Prevalence of the Impostor Phenomenon Among Computer Science Students

The Impostor Phenomenon (IP) is often discussed as a problem in the field of computer science, but there has yet to be an empirical study to establish its prevalence among CS students. One survey by the Blind app found that a high number of software engineers at some of the largest technology companies self-reported feelings of Impostor Syndrome; however, self-reporting of Impostor Syndrome is not the standard diagnostic for identifying whether an individual exhibits feelings of the Impostor Phenomenon. In this work, the established Clance IP Scale is used to identify the prevalence of IP among graduate and undergraduate computer science students at a large research-intensive North American institution. Among this population of over 200 students, 57% were found to exhibit frequent feelings of the Impostor Phenomenon with a larger fraction of women (71%) experiencing frequent feelings of the Imposter Phenomenon than men (52%). Additionally, IP was found to have greater prevalence among computer science students than among students of other populations from comparable studies. Due to the negative impacts associated with feelings of the Impostor Phenomenon, computer science education should work to improve student awareness and help student cope with these feelings.
Consistency and Fairness in Sentencing

Sentencing law is so indeterminate that it has been labeled the `high point in antijurisprudence'.1 The vast discretion left to judges when sentencing has resulted in widespread inconsistency in sentencing. The most obvious manner to attenuate judicial discretion is to introduce a comprehensive fixed penalty regime. Fixed penalties however, are almost universally condemned. They are regarded as unjust because they are universally too harsh and they fail to account for differences between individual defendants. This paper argues that both of these criticisms can be circumvented by adopting a primary rationale for sentencing, hence paving the way for a fixed penalty system which would constitute a significant improvement to the present sentencing system.
Inactivation of Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from the surface of alfalfa seeds and sprouts by combined antimicrobial treatments using ozone and electrolyzed water.

Abstract Individual chemical and non-chemical treatments have failed to disinfect alfalfa seeds and sprouts from pathogens thoroughly. This study investigated the disinfection of alfalfa seeds and sprouts using a procedure combining ozone with acidic (pH 3.0) electrolyzed water (AEW). Inoculated alfalfa seeds with a cocktail of 3 strains Salmonella and 3 strains of STEC were treated sequentially with aqueous ozone followed by AEW. Treatment started by immersing the samples into ozonated water (5 mg/L ozone) for 15 or 20 min with persistent oxygen feeding pressurized with 10 psi. The samples then were immersed in 1 L of AEW for 15 min. Salmonella and STEC were significantly (P
Choosing wisely during the COVID-19 pandemic: optimising outpatient cancer care while conserving resources with a new algorithm to report automated ANC results.

In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, efficient outpatient management is paramount to minimise wait times and reduce exposure to respiratory illnesses, particularly in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. The complete blood cell count (CBC) with white cell count (WCC) differential (CBC-D) is an essential laboratory test used to screen cancer patients prior to chemotherapy. Patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy are at risk for developing neutropenia; the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) can be used to determine if a patient is neutropenic.1 Neutropenia is generally defined as an ANC <1.5×109/L–2.0×109/L, with severe neutropenia defined as <0.5 x 109/L.2 WCC differential analysis is performed by automated haematology platforms in the clinical laboratory. These platforms have been found to provide accurate and precise ANC results.3 However, automated results often require manual review if the analysis is associated with instrument flags that indicate the potential for inaccurate results. Review and confirmation of flagged results by laboratory technologists is time consuming and increases test result turnaround time (TAT), thereby prolongs onset of chemotherapy.4–7 Given that chemotherapy administration requires an adequate ANC, we examined the reliability of the automated ANC in the presence of instrument flags in outpatients with solid tumour and haematological malignancies. We aimed to confirm if discrete ordering of a ‘CBC with ANC only’ test could be used to replace the traditional CBC with full WCC differential (CBC-D) and shorten patient …
The Effect of Economic Policy Uncertainty Under Fractional Integration

One of the most popular measures of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) is an index based on newspapers coverage of particular keywords. The constructed index is often then included in VAR models to examine the extent to which EPU affects economic activity. Researchers, however, have not investigated how the possibility of fractional integration in this index may affect the results. Under fractional integration, the effects of EPU on output in a standard VAR setting may be biased. In this paper, I first show that all EPU series posted in policyuncertainty.com are indeed fractionally integrated processes. In addition, I show that the residuals from Baker, Bloom, and Davis (2016)’s VAR model that includes output, EPU, and other covariates are also fractionally integrated. Next, I estimate a fractionally cointegrated VAR (FCVAR) model to evaluate the dynamic effects of EPU. Likelihood ratio tests indicate that fractional cointegration cannot be rejected at low lag orders. Lastly, I investigate the effect of EPU on ouput after applying various filters to remove the long-memory component. While I still find that EPU imparts a negative effect on output, relative to Baker et al. (2016)’s results, the effects are 50 to 90% smaller in magnitude and take place several months sooner. Long memory, therefore, appears to explain the bulk of the dynamic effect.
Psychotherapy and Religion in Japan: The Japanese Introspection Practice of Naikan

Naikan is a Japanese psychotherapeutic method which combines meditation-like body engagement with the recovery of memory and the reconstruction of one's autobiography in order to bring about healing and a changed notion of the self. Based on original anthropological fieldwork, this fascinating book provides a detailed ethnography of Naikan in practice. In addition, it discusses key issues such as the role of memory, autobiography and narrative in health care, and the interesting borderland between religion and therapy, where Naikan occupies an ambiguous position. Multidisciplinary in its approach, it will attract a wide readership, including students of social and cultural anthropology, medical sociology, religious studies, Japanese studies and psychotherapy.
Banking Research in the Time of COVID-19

Abstract Despite the devastating worldwide human and economic tolls of the COVID-19 crisis, it has created some positive economic and financial surprises and opportunities for research. This paper highlights two such favorable surprises – the shortest U.S. recession on record and the avoidance of any banking crisis – and a number of research opportunities. The paper ties the “economic surprise” of the short recession to the speed and size of U.S. stimulus programs during COVID-19 – faster and larger than for the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). We connect the “financial surprise” of the resilient banking sector to prudential policies put in place during and after the GFC that fortified U.S. banks prior to COVID-19. These twin “surprises” are also mutually reinforcing – if either the economy or banking system had failed, so would the other. The paper also reviews extant COVID-19 banking research and suggest paths for future research. It recommends that particular attention be paid to research outside of the U.S. – where fewer favorable “surprises” may be present – as the best way to advance knowledge in this area.
A multivariate time series analysis of commodity, money, and credit markets

This dissertation centered around an empirical specification of relationships among five macroeconomic variables--three quantities and two relative prices representing commodity, money, and credit markets;Granger's definition of temporal causation was the framework for investigating the interrelations of the economic time series of interest, i.e., real GNP, the GNP price deflator, the Ml money stock, total nonfinancial debt, and the 4-6 month commercial paper rate;In order to obtain the dynamic forecasts of the variables, multivariate time series models were constructed. The methodology utilized was the multivariate autoregressive moving average (ARMA) approach for building multivariate time series models. This methodology is proposed by Tiao and Box (1981) and is an extension of Box and Jenkins (1970) methodology for constructing univariate time series models;To make inferences about causal relationships, a statistical procedure proposed by Ashley et al. (1980) was employed. This approach, which is explicitly designed to test causal hypotheses in a time series context, is more faithful to the definition of Granger causality since it is based on the out-of-sample forecasting performance of the models;The causal relationships discovered in this study are as follows: The rate of money and total nonfinancial debt are Granger causally prior to the growth rate of prices or the inflation rate. The inflation rate Granger causes the nominal interest rates. And, there is a feedback relationship between the nominal interest rates and the growth rate of real income.
CORR Insights®: High Survivorship With Cementless Stems and Cortical Strut Allografts for Large Femoral Bone Defects in Revision THA

F emoral bone loss is frequently encountered during revision THA. The key is determining the quality and quantity of bone loss, as well as quality and quantity of remaining host bone. In contemporary North American practices, diaphyseal fixation with either an extensively porous-coated stem or titanium modular fluted tapered (TMFT) stem is the standard of care for the majority of hips with bone defects rated Paprosky Type IIIB or less. The basic principle in both techniques is the importance of obtaining immediate axial and rotational stability. The two main clinical concerns with extensively porous-coated stems are intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture and stress shielding over time. In response to these concerns, the interest in TMFT stems is increasing, and the indications for their use seem to be expanding [1]. The real controversy is in those patients with Paprosky Type IV defects in whom rotational stability in the diaphysis would not be possible to obtain. In this difficult setting, consideration has traditionally been given to allograftprosthetic composites (APCs), impaction bone grafting with long cemented stems, proximal femoral replacements, and more recently, TMFT stems. In this intriguing paper by Kim et al., the authors studied 130 patients (140 hips) with Paprosky Type IIIB (54%) and Type IV (46%) defects who underwent revision THA. Even though all patients had less than 2 cm of available isthmic bone, the surgeons used extensively porous-coated stems. However, cortical strut allografts (one strut in 10%, two struts in 75%, and three struts in 15%) were used to provide primary stability for the extensively porous-coated stems. At a mean followup of 16 years, the authors found that all allografts had incorporated, and 87% of stems had radiographic evidence of bony ingrowth. This CORR Insights is a commentary on the article ‘‘High Survivorship With Cementless Stems and Cortical Strut Allografts for Large Femoral Bone Defects in Revision THA’’ by Kim and colleagues available at: DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4358-y. The author certifies that he, or any members of his immediate family, have no funding or commercial associations (consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writers and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR or the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons. This CORR Insights comment refers to the article available at DOI: 10.1007/s11999-0154358-y. M. P. Abdel MD (&) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA e-mail: abdel.matthew@mayo.edu CORR Insights Published online: 13 June 2015 The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons1 2015
The Future Is Now: Online Interventions Are Here to Stay and Grow

According to Education Week, the annual report by the Pew Internet and American Life project found that 95 % of teenagers in the USA are active online, and nearly three out of four children aged 12–17 access the Internet via mobile devices. The underlying implication is that virtual connection is an essential aspect of most students’ lives. Where will these youngsters seek psychological help when they need it now and in the near future, when they become adults? How prepared will they be to speak face to face with a professional when most of their past interactions have occurred online? The same source found that 74 % of respondents in the USA preferred online writing to face-to-face talking.
Physician Refusal of HIV+ Patients

Shortly after beginning duty on a renal service with about 15% of patients who are HIV positive, a 27 year old married medical resident requested reassignment. Reasoning that patients’ bodily fluids — peritoneal dialysate and blood — contaminated bed clothes and were frequently spilled on work surfaces, the resident commented that she ought to have control over where and when her life was at risk. She remarked that she would not have asked for removal from the renal service if the HIV patients under her care were “innocent” and had become infected from contaminated blood products as in the case of American hemophiliacs and factor VIII. By contrast, however, she stated that she was not prepared to die for an intravenous heroin addict who used contaminated needles, or a homosexual man unable to resist bath houses. The Chief of the Medical service was unsympathetic to the resident’s position. “Any resident unwilling to provide first class em pathetic care to our HIV positive patients shall be immediately terminated from this Medical Service,” he announced, thereby ending the problem by fiat.
Undergraduate global IT education—an experiential approach using the concept of fit

There are special considerations which are important when developing and teaching a course on information systems for international business, especially when the course is designed for undergraduates. This chapter demonstrates how to position and organize a global information systems course for undergraduates which will 1) be appropriate to the way undergraduates learn, 2) include the skills they need at this stage in their career and 3) create an affective change in their perspective. The primary approach used to produce these results is to demonstrate the importance of alignment between global strategies, organizational structures, the configuration of IS departmental areas, organizational information infrastructures, and national/organizational culture, as well as, alignment between national concerns, national information infrastructures and national information policy.