cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incorporating vacuum bell therapy into pectus excavatum treatment

Vacuum bell therapy (VBT) was initially described over 100 years ago by Lange in 1910 but this treatment option has been substantially refined in the last decade largely due to the efforts, work, and collaboration of Dr. Frank-Martin Haecker with Eckart Klobe, the engineer who designed and produces the most commonly used vacuum bell today.
Complications of Acute Myocardial infarction

The incidence, clinical presentation, and treatment of complications of acute myocardial infarction are presented. Complications discussed include left ventricular failure, cardiogenic shock, cardiorrhexis, conduction defects, and pericarditis.
Combined Approach to Orbital Decompression

Upon occasion, surgical orbital decompression is indicated to treat thyroid ophthalmopathy. Of the various approaches described, we feel a combined ophthalmic-otolaryngologic technique is the safest and most effective means of decompressing the orbit.
Transfusion Management of Infants and Children

Publisher Summary Transfusion of blood products to infants requires an appreciation of infants' smaller intravascular volume as compared to adults and an understanding of their unique immune characteristics. Transfusion principles for the management of children beyond the newborn period are similar to those applied to adult patients, although the smaller intravascular volume of children must be taken into consideration. The blood component most commonly transfused to infants and children is packed red blood cells (PRBCs). For very low-birth weight (VLBW) infants, PRBCs are most commonly used in the treatment of the anemia of prematurity, which is often exacerbated by frequent phlebotomy. A less common indication for newborn transfusion—because effective prophylaxis for Rh hemolytic disease with Rh immune globulin has become widespread throughout the United States—is in the management of hemolytic disease of the newborn. The indications for PRBC transfusion in older children are diverse and include support for patients with congenital hemolytic anemias and congenital hypoplastic anemias as well as those treated for cancer or who experience surgical blood loss.
Postmastectomy Radiotherapy with and Without Reconstruction

The role of radiotherapy after mastectomy, postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT), in women with node-positive or high-risk node-negative breast cancer has evolved over the last several decades since the publication of the randomized trials from the British Columbia Cancer Agency and the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group [1–3]. These trials were the first trials using modern radiation techniques and systemic therapy to demonstrate that PMRT not only reduced locoregional recurrences (LRRs) but also improved survival. The impact of PMRT on local control and overall survival has been further supported by the results of the Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG) meta-analysis [4, 5].
Vocabulary Instruction in Fifth Grade and Beyond Sources of Word Learning and Productive Contexts for Development

Increasing the vocabulary knowledge of young adolescent and adolescent students has been a focal point of educational research and many teacher professional development initiatives. Yet many teachers continue to use traditional, but generally ineffective, methods of classroom-based vocabulary instruction. Synthesizing the literature around the general topics of vocabulary instruction, classroom discourse, and teacher talk, this review provides a comprehensive and critical examination of instruction that supports vocabulary learning in older students with a particular focus on practices that promote productive discussions of content.
Esophagus and Mediastinum

The esophagus is, from an endosonographer’s perspective, the window into the mediastinum, and it makes sense to consider both anatomic regions together. A good understanding of mediastinal anatomy is a prerequisite for competent image interpretation. After a basic review of cross-sectional and traditional anatomy, the endosonographer should approach mediastinal anatomy from the perspective of the ultrasound transducer in the esophagus. Numerous resources on the Internet allow familiarization of 3-dimensional anatomy of the mediastinum from every possible angle and vantage point, allowing structures and layers to be peeled away and added as desired (see Box 2.1). The number of possible cross sections that can be achieved with linear and radial endosonography probes vastly exceed those that can be reasonably expected to be represented in image collections even if they are dedicated to the topic (e.g., in an endoscopic ultrasound [EUS] anatomy atlas), although these collections are certainly helpful. Therefore, the endosonographer should make a point of identifying mediastinal structures every time an upper EUS exam is being conducted until such time when the mediastinum becomes a “second home.” There is an amusing little book called Flatland that can help condition the brain on how 3-dimensional reality might be reflected in a 2-dimensional plane (see Box 2.1).
An English-as-a-Second-Language Response and Invitation to “Making Change Happen”

The article responds to the issue article "Making Change Happen: The New Mission and Location of Language Departments" by Rogelio Minana. Topics include the author's experience in a U.S. university's English-as-a-second-language (ESL) department, the possible role of multilingualism in universities, and the siloing of academic departments.
Design Space Exploration of Hysteresis-Free HfZrO x -Based Negative Capacitance FETs

In this letter, we investigate the design space of hysteresis-free negative capacitance FETs (NCFETs) by performing a cross-architecture analysis using HfZrOx ferroelectric (FE-HZO) integrated on bulk MOSFET, fully depleted SOI-FETs, and sub-10-nm FinFETs. Our simulation analysis shows that FDSOI and FinFET configurations greatly benefit the NCFET performance due to their undoped body and improved gate-control, which enables better capacitance matching with the ferroelectric. A low-voltage NC-FinFET operating down to 0.25 V is predicted using ultra-thin 3-nm FE-HZO.
Beyond the Percentages of PD-L1-Positive Tumor Cells: Induced Versus Constitutive PD-L1 Expression in Primary and Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Anti-PD1 antibody has been approved for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and objective response rates of approximately 20% have been reported. Defining PD-L1 expression at ≥ 1% tumor cells as positive, PD-L1-positive tumors showed a higher response rate. However, it is unclear whether 1% is the optimal cutoff, and studies on lung cancer suggested 50% cutoff as a stronger predictive biomarker. 96 primary SCCHN from oropharynx and oral cavity and 34 corresponding metastatic lesions were typed for membranous PD-L1 expression. p16 immunohistochemistry was used as a surrogate marker for HPV status in SCCHN from the oropharynx. Fifty-two of 96 (54%) tumors were PD-L1-positive, 72% if PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating immunocytes was also included as positive. Fifteen of 34 primary-metastasis tumor pairs differed in PD-L1 expression, and p16(+) cases more frequently showed PD-L1 expression in immunocytes than p16(−) cases (82 vs. 45%, p < 0.05). PD-L1-positive SCCHN showed two distinct patterns of expression. In the induced pattern of expression, PD-L1-positive tumor cells were limited to the periphery of tumor nests at the tumor–immunocyte interface, comprising < 5% of tumor cells, and were almost always associated with PD-L1-positive immunocytes. In contrast, tumors with constitutive PD-L1 expression had a higher percentage of positive tumor cells, often diffusely distributed throughout the tumor, and often were not accompanied by PD-L1-positive immunocytes. We propose that distinguishing these two biologically distinctive patterns of PD-L1 expression and typing metastatic instead of primary lesions might better predict immunotherapeutic response to anti-PD1/PD-L1 regimens beyond just the percentage of PD-L1-positive tumor cells.
Shielding non-trusted IPs in SoCs

This paper explores the use of hardware sand-boxes, conceptually similar to software sandboxes, for secure integration of non-trusted IPs in systems-on-chip (SoC) designs. The goal of the hardware sandbox is to only allow permissible interactions between the IP and the rest of the system. The hardware sandbox design achieves this by exposing the IP interface to isolated virtual resources and checking IP signals' "correctness" at run-time. We evaluated the hardware sandbox through a real world design implementation. Our sandbox can detect a majority of Trust-Hub.org Trojan benchmarks with a negligible increase in resource overhead.
Comparison of cardiac displacements in a murine model of myocardial ischemia using Cardiac Elastography and speckle tracking echocardiography

Investigation of myocardial dynamics through the assessment of mechanical properties of the heart is a challenging problem due to tradeoff between the heart rate and ultrasound frame rate. The objective of this study was to compare displacements estimated using radiofrequency (RF) signals with Cardiac Elastography (CE) and Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (STE) for quantifying myocardial dynamics with B-mode signals. Myocardial dynamics with CE and STE were evaluated using cumulative radial displacements in short-axis views on a left anterior descending (LAD) artery murine ligation model. Cumulative radial displacement estimated in all six segments of the left ventricle was significantly reduced following ligation with both methods. For CE, the global peak radial displacement (GPRD) reduced from 1.28 mm at baseline to 0.55 mm after 14 days and 0.43 mm after 28 days respectively. A similar trend was observed with STE with the corresponding GPRD values ranging from 0.16 mm to 0.15 mm and 0.03 mm respectively. The comparable performance with commercially available software shows the potential of cardiac elastography in studying myocardial dynamics with higher sensitivity due to the phase information present with RF signals.
Other Gang Situations in Europe

Street gangs are not common to most European cities, and clearly they do not mirror the stereotypical and uncommon American gangs such as the Crips and Bloods of Los Angeles or the Latin Kings and Black Gangster Disciples of Chicago. Nonetheless, the previous chapters demonstrate the existence of street gangs in various European settings. To deny the existence of such groups is to engage in the behavior of the ostrich, not the owl. Indeed, to illustrate the virtue of not overlooking the obvious, one of the Workshop participants, John Hagedorn, reported the following story, as taken from the Internet. It seems that Sherlock Holmes and his companion Dr. Watson decided to visit the U.S., and in particular the vast reaches of the Western plains, to which they went with full camping gear. On one particularly clear, star-filled night, they awoke to see the great dome of twinkling lights above them. Holmes turned in his bedroll and said,
A Spatio - Temporal Hedonic House Regression Model

This work focuses on an algorithmic investigation of the housing market spanning 11 years using the hedonic pricing theory. An improved pricing model will benefit home buyers and sellers, real estate agents and appraisers, government and mortgage lenders. Hedonic pricing theory is an econometric concept that explains the market value of a differentiated commodity using implicit pricing. Exploiting the spatial dependent nature of the housing market, we created new submarkets. A model was built with the new submarket, while another one was built using the existing submarket. Random forest and LASSO were trained with the two models. We argue that our approach has a considerable impact on the dimension of a spatio–temporal hedonic house pricing model without a significant reduction in its performance.
Off-sensing and Route Manipulation Attack: A Cross-Layer Attack in Cognitive Radio based Wireless Mesh Networks

Cognitive Radio (CR) has garnered much attention in the last decade, while the security issues are not fully studied yet. Existing research on attacks and defenses in CR - based networks focuses mostly on individual network layers, whereas cross-layer attacks remain fortified against single-layer defenses. In this paper, we shed light on a new vulnerability in cross-layer routing protocols and demonstrate how a perpetrator can exploit this vulnerability to manipulate traffic flow around it. We propose this cross-layer attack in CR-based wireless mesh networks (CR-WMNs), which we call off-sensing and route manipulation (OS-RM) attack. In this cross-layer assault, off-sensing attack is launched at the lower layers as the point of attack but the final intention is to manipulate traffic flow around the perpetrator. We also introduce a learning strategy for a perpetrator, so that it can gather information from the collaboration with other network entities and capitalize this information into knowledge to accelerate its malice intentions. Simulation results show that this attack is far more detrimental than what we have experienced in the past and need to be addressed before commercialization of CR-based networks.
Calculative Mindset and Unethical Behavior: Examining Roles of BLM and Time Orientation

Recent research has demonstrated that possessing a bottom-line mentality (i.e., solely focusing on bottom-line outcomes to the neglect of other considerations) increases dysfunctional work behavior...
'You Can't Handle the Truth': Hollywood, Military Justice, and Perception vs. Reality

Are courts-martial really as bad as the movies make them out to be? Throughout the history of Hollywood, film has portrayed the military justice system as unfair, arbitrary, and ruthless. The relative isolation of courts-martial over other types of trials reinforces this cultural image. In my paper, I identify four main images of injustice prevalent in nearly all movies about military justice. These are: improper or unlawful command influence, lack of training for court personnel, unprofessionalism, and consistent denials of procedural due process. I conclude that the military must confront these images head-on, instead of simply dismissing them as inaccurate.
Common Principles of Quality Management and Development Economics

Three principles seem to be basic for quality management and economic growth in rich and poor countries. (1) Improvements in quality of life are built on improvements in work methods. (2) Improvements occur most often where they are expected, supported,..
Modelling of gas-particles fluid flow and heat transfer in a non-transferred plasma jet

ABSTRACT A mathematical model was developed to describe the transport phenomena involved when alumina particles are injected in a non-transferred Ar/H2 plasma jet. The plasma velocity and temperature distributions within the jet were accounted by modifying the turbulent free-jet theory, while the particle velocity and temperature profiles were obtained on the basis of Newton's second law and the Fourier law for conduction. The calculated plasma velocity and temperature and the particle velocity profiles agree well with the experimental measurements by Vardelle and co-workers. The computed particle evaporation rate indicates that particle size plays a prominent role. It is intended to use this model to study reduction of refractory metal oxides (TiO2, ZrO2, etc.) in CH4/Ar plasma jets.
Obsessively Writing the Modern City: The Partial Madness of Urban Planning Culture and the Case of Arturo Soria y Mata in Madrid, Spain

The article blends disability studies and urban cultural studies in order to explore the geometrical obsessions of modern urban planners. It sets the stage by including the figure of the urban plan...
Inequality among industrial workers in the late 19th century United States

Abstract This paper uses the large cross sectional survey of 8544 workers in nine industries (pig iron, bar iron, steel, coal, coke, cottons, woolens, and glass) in the United States and five European countries (Belgium, Great Britain, France, Belgium, and Switzerland) to examine inequality in the industrial working class in the late nineteenth century. The paper looks at incomes, the food budget share (estimated using the Almost Ideal Demand System), and home ownership. The results show regular gradients with the unskilled workers doing less well than semi-skilled and skilled workers. Despite the lack of proprietors, farmers, and other groups with significant income from property, such surveys can be useful in the study of the historical aspects of inequality.
Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis in Antiviral Immune Responses.

Antiviral activities of antibodies may either be dependent only on interactions between the antibody and cognate antigen, as in binding and neutralization of an infectious virion, or instead may require interactions between antibody–antigen immune complexes and immunoproteins or Fc receptor expressing immune effector cells. These Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions provide a direct link between the innate and adaptive immune systems by combining the potent antiviral activity of innate effector cells with the diversity and specificity of the adaptive humoral response. The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. In this review, we discuss the properties of Fc receptors, antibodies, and effector cells that influence ADCP. We also provide and interpret evidence from studies that support a potential role for ADCP in either inhibiting or enhancing viral infection. Finally, we describe current approaches used to measure antiviral ADCP and discuss considerations for the translation of studies performed in animal models. We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design.
Impact of a service line management model on behavioral health care in the military health system

Large health care systems are seeking to reduce variation in care delivery and improve outcomes. This column describes the U.S. Army health care system's transformation to a service line management model and the impact on behavioral health care between 2013 and 2017. An evaluation found a promising association between the service line model and greater use of standard outpatient clinical programs, more frequent engagement of patients with serious conditions, and less use of inpatient services. The observational nature of these preliminary findings does not permit causal inferences; however, the service line model may help health care systems reduce variation between geographically distinct care delivery locations and improve performance.
Quantitative mRNA Expression Assays and Synchronous Breast Cancers: A Case Report

Quantitative mRNA analysis of breast tumors represents a routinely applied example of precision oncology. Currently the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends quantitative mRNA profiling (e.g., 21-gene RT PCR or Oncotype Dx assay) for nearly all surgically resected lymph node (LN) negative hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2 negative breast cancers in order to predict recurrence risk with endocrine therapy compared to chemotherapy followed by endocrine therapy after surgery. The incidence of synchronous breast cancers is low and evidence concerning distant recurrence risk is limited, but the risk of distant recurrence from one or the other of two primary breast cancers appears to be higher than the recurrence risk of the single largest of the two cancers. In this report, a woman with synchronous primary breast cancers is described. Oncotype Dx testing was done on each of her two cancers. By assuming that the recurrence risk from each with adjuvant endocrine therapy is an independent event, the recurrence likelihood from one or the other or both is calculated. I propose that this calculated value more accurately should predict the recurrence from one or the other or both tumors with endocrine therapy or chemotherapy followed by endocrine therapy compared with using only the higher of the two Oncotype Dx estimated risks.
Empirische Untersuchung I: Ergebnis

Insgesamt nahmen 1546 Vpn an der kompletten Befragung teil. Davon konnten nach der Datenbereinigung fur die Auswertung des Zufusgehens 1308 Datensatze berucksichtigt werden. In die Auswertung des Radfahrens flossen 1305 Datensatze ein.
Exploring the complexities associated with full-scale wind plant wake mitigation control experiments

Abstract. Recent research promotes implementing next-generation wind plant control methods to mitigate turbine-to-turbine wake effects. Numerical simulation and wind tunnel experiments have previously demonstrated the potential benefit of wind plant control for wind plant optimization, but full-scale validation of the wake-mitigating control strategies remains limited. As part of this study, the yaw and blade pitch of a utility-scale wind turbine were strategically modified for a limited time period to examine wind turbine wake response to first-order turbine control changes. Wind turbine wake response was measured using Texas Tech University's Ka-band Doppler radars and dual-Doppler scanning strategies. Results highlight some of the complexities associated with executing and analyzing wind plant control at full scale using brief experimental control periods. Some difficulties include (1) the ability to accurately implement the desired control changes, (2) identifying reliable data sources and methods to allow these control changes to be accurately quantified, and (3) attributing variations in wake structure to turbine control changes rather than a response to the underlying atmospheric conditions (e.g., boundary layer streak orientation, atmospheric stability). To better understand wake sensitivity to the underlying atmospheric conditions, wake evolution within the early-evening transition was also examined using a single-Doppler data collection approach. Analysis of both wake length and meandering during this period of transitioning atmospheric stability indicates the potential benefit and feasibility of wind plant control should be enhanced when the atmosphere is stable.
Effect of an Additional 30 Minutes Spent Outdoors during Summer on Daily Steps and Individually Experienced Heat Index

Spending time outdoors is associated with increased physical activity; however, high ambient temperature/humidity, together with built environment features in urban versus rural environments, may influence physical activity. We conducted an intervention trial with 89 urban and 88 rural participants performing normal activities on Days 1–2 (baseline) and spending an additional 30 min outdoors on Days 3–7 (intervention) in the summer. Participants wore a pedometer with real-time visual feedback to track daily steps taken and a thermometer clipped to their shoe to track temperatures experienced individually. Hygrometer–thermometers were deployed in participants’ neighborhoods to collect finer resolution ambient heat indexes in addition to regional weather station measurements. Using linear mixed effects models and adjusting for ambient conditions and individual-level factors, participants on average walked 637 (95%CI (83, 1192)) more steps and had a 0.59 °C (95%CI (0.30, 0.88)) lower daily mean individually experienced heat index during intervention days compared to baseline days. The intervention benefit of increased physical activity was greater in rural residents who were less active at baseline, compared to urban residents. Our results suggest adding a small amount of additional time outdoors may improve physical activity without increasing participants’ heat exposure, even during summer in a humid subtropical climate.
For the children? A mixed methods analysis of World Bank structural adjustment loans, health projects, and infant mortality in Latin America.

The World Bank wields immense financial and normative power in health in the developing world. During the 1980s and 1990s, in the face of intense criticism of its structural adjustment policies, the World Bank purportedly turned its attention to “pro-growth and pro-poor” policies and new lending instruments. One focus has been an investment in maternal and infant health. My analysis uses a mixed methods approach to examine the relationship between traditional structural adjustment and health loans and projects and infant mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean from 2000 to 2015. My answer to whether the World Bank’s projects in Latin America worked “for the children” is: somewhat. The results are heartening in that quantitatively, health projects are associated with lower infant mortality rates, net of controls, whereas traditional structural adjustment loans do not appear to be negatively associated with infant mortality, though examined across a short time horizon. Qualitative data suggest that infants, children, and mothers are considered in World Bank loans and projects in the context of an economic logic: focusing on productivity, economic growth, and human capital, rather than human rights. Taken together, my results suggest that the World Bank appears to, at least partially, have amended its approach and its recent work in the region is associated with reductions in infant mortality. However, the World Bank’s economistic approach risks compartmentalizing healthcare and reducing people to their economic potential. As such, there remains work to do, in Latin America and beyond, if health interventions are to be effective at sustainably and holistically protecting vulnerable groups.
Does Gender Matter in the News? Detecting and Examining Gender Bias in News Articles

To attract unsuspecting readers, news article headlines and abstracts are often written with speculative sentences or clauses. Male dominance in the news is very evident, whereas females are seen as “eye candy” or “inferior”, and are underrepresented and under-examined within the same news categories as their male counterparts. In this paper, we present an initial study on gender bias in news abstracts in two large English news datasets used for news recommendation and news classification. We perform three large-scale, yet effective text-analysis fairness measurements on 296,965 news abstracts. In particular, to our knowledge we construct two of the largest benchmark datasets of possessive (gender-specific and gender-neutral) nouns and attribute (career-related and family-related) words datasets1 which we will release to foster both bias and fairness research aid in developing fair NLP models to eliminate the paradox of gender bias. Our studies demonstrate that females are immensely marginalized and suffer from socially-constructed biases in the news. This paper individually devises a methodology whereby news content can be analyzed on a large scale utilizing natural language processing (NLP) techniques from machine learning (ML) to discover both implicit and explicit gender biases.
Bladder infarct

We present here a case of a bladder infarct as a complication of aortofemoral bypass surgery. An intravenous urogram 6 weeks after surgery showed reduced expansion on the left side of the bladder and a sausage-shaped filling defect at the site of the infarct. The diagnosis was made by histologic examination of bladder wall biopsies.
De Broglie’s Particle Wave

Thus with every advance in our scientific knowledge new elements come up, often forcing us to recast our entire picture of physical reality.
Effect of storage on survival of infectious Treponema pallidum spiked in whole blood and platelets.

Background Blood donations must be tested for evidence of syphilis, a transfusion-transmitted infection. Screening blood for syphilis-related antibodies greatly reduced the risk of transfusion-transmitted syphilis (TTS). It is commonly believed that Treponema pallidum (Tp), the bacterium causing syphilis, does not survive in blood during cold storage-suggested as one reason why no cases of TTS have been recognized in the United States for many years. Some have suggested that routine syphilis screening of blood donations is no longer needed. To address the effect of storage, we investigated the survival of Tp experimentally spiked into blood and platelets stored under conventional conditions. Study design and methods We spiked fresh human blood products with high concentrations of Tp and inoculated samples at intervals into rabbits, a sensitive assay detecting infectious Tp. We tested whole blood (WB) stored refrigerated (1-6°C) for 9 days and platelets stored at room temperature for 7 days or refrigerated for 14 days. We assayed sera of the rabbits collected at intervals for seroconversion using two different tests and assessed orchitis. Rabbits were considered infected if one or both serological test results became positive. Results Viable Tp survived 7 days in WB and 6 days in platelets stored at both ambient and cold temperatures. Discussion Tp at concentrations much higher than those possibly present in an infected blood unit survived in cold blood products longer than previously reported and, thus, storage conditions cannot be relied upon to eliminate T. pallidum from blood or platelets. TTS remains a topic of concern for public health.
Intelligent Internet of Things Medical Technology in Implantable Intravenous Infusion Port in Children with Malignant Tumors

Due to the recent technological revolution that is centered around information technology, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has become an important research domain. IoMT is a combination of Internet of Things (IoT), big data, cloud computing, ubiquitous network, and three-dimensional holographic technology, which is used to build a smart medical diagnosis and treatment system. Additionally, this system should automate various activities, such as the patient’s health record and health monitoring, which is an important issue in the development of modern and smart healthcare system. In this paper, we have thoroughly examined the role of a smart healthcare system architecture and other key supporting technologies in improving the health status of both indoor and outdoor patients. The proposed system has the capacity to investigate and predict (if feasible) the clinical application and nursing effects of totally implantable intravenous port (TIVAP) in pediatric hematological tumors. For this purpose, seventy children with hematologic tumors were treated with TIVAP, and IoMT-enabled care was provided to them, where the occurrence of adverse events, specifically after the treatment, was observed. The experimental results collected after the 70 children were treated and cared for by TIVAP show that there were five cases of adverse events, whereas the incidence rate of the adverse events was 7.14%. Moreover, TIVAP has significant efficacy in the treatment of hematologic tumors in children, and it equally reduces the vascular injury caused by chemotherapy in younger patients. Likewise, targeted care reduces the incidence of adverse events in children with expected ratio.
Structure of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii THB1, a group 1 truncated hemoglobin with a rare histidine–lysine heme ligation

THB1 is one of several group 1 truncated hemoglobins (TrHb1s) encoded in the genome of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THB1 expression is under the control of NIT2, the master regulator of nitrate assimilation, which also controls the expression of the only nitrate reductase in the cell, NIT1. In vitro and physiological evidence suggests that THB1 converts the nitric oxide generated by NIT1 into nitrate. To aid in the elucidation of the function and mechanism of THB1, the structure of the protein was solved in the ferric state. THB1 resembles other TrHb1s, but also exhibits distinct features associated with the coordination of the heme iron by a histidine (proximal) and a lysine (distal). The new structure illustrates the versatility of the TrHb1 fold, suggests factors that stabilize the axial ligation of a lysine, and highlights the difficulty of predicting the identity of the distal ligand, if any, in this group of proteins.
Short Selling and Cross-Section of Corporate Bond Returns

This paper examines the relationship between short selling in the equity market and corporate bond returns. We show that both shorting activity and size of short trades are inversely correlated with contemporaneous bond returns. In addition, firms with heavily shorted shares or large short trade size experience significantly negative future bond returns. Further tests indicate that the relation between short trade size and subsequent bond returns is consistent with stealth trading of short sellers. The impact of both shorting activity and short trade size on bond returns is robust to various controls for risk, liquidity, and other pricing factors. In examining the sources of information in short selling, we find that firms associated with heavy short selling or large short trade size are likely to subsequently experience negative earnings surprises, higher credit risk, and reduced dividends. The overall results support the proposition that short trades in the equity market exert important valuation consequences in the corporate bond market.
Introduction to ADO

I struggled with this chapter in the sense that I didn’t want to bore you with material that you already understood. But the trainer in me said to lay some solid foundations before digging right into the coding techniques. So, this chapter has a few theoretical sections that describe ADO and where it fits in the bigger scheme of things. If you want to skip down to the techie stuff, go ahead. I start talking about cool coding stuff in the Chapter 3. However, if you need a few more words on ADO, stick around.
Branchial cyst of oropharynx. Report of a case.

Abstract A case of branchial cyst of the oropharynx in a 46-year-old man is reported. There was no recurrence following its excision, and no contralateral cyst developed during a period of 10 years. It is postulated that a branchial cyst in the oropharynx (tonsillar fossa) is derived from sequestrated remnants of the lateral portion of the second pharyngeal pouch.
Physical activity and psychosocial benefits among breast cancer patients.

Objective Physical activity (PA) has been shown to provide health benefits for breast cancer patients. The effects of augmenting oncology healthcare provider (HCP) advice for PA with 3 months of telephone counseling versus contact control were evaluated in a randomized trial. Our goal in this secondary analysis was to examine the amount of PA (min/week) needed for psychosocial benefits among both groups. Methods After receiving brief HCP advice to become physically active, 192 women (age in years: mean = 60.0, SD = 9.9) who had completed treatment for Stage 0–IV breast cancer were randomized to telephone counseling to support PA (n = 106) or contact control (n = 86). Their PA, fatigue, physical functioning, and quality of life were assessed at baseline (before receiving HCP advice), 3, 6, and 12 months. A non-randomized design was used to examine the dose–response relationship between PA and psychosocial outcomes. Results Exercising for at least 150 min/week at moderate intensity was associated with improved physical functioning (b = 5.9, SE = 2.9, p = 0.04) and quality of life (b = 3.6, SE = 1.9, p = 0.05) at 3 months. These relationships were not found at 6 and 12 months (p's > 0.05). However, women who reported at least 150 min/week of PA at both 3 and 6 months had significantly reduced fatigue (b = 1.3, SE = 0.7, p = 0.05) and improved physical functioning (b = 3.1, SE = 1.3, p = 0.02) and quality of life (b = 2.0, SE = 0.9, p = 0.02) compared with women who did not meet this criterion. Conclusion Women who exercised at recommended levels (at least 150 min/week) and sustained this level of activity for at least 6 months accrued psychosocial benefits. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observations and models of lateral hydrothermal circulation on a young ridge flank: Numerical evaluation of thermal and chemical constraints

[1] We used a two-dimensional coupled heat and fluid flow model to investigate large-scale, lateral heat and fluid transport on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Cool seawater in the natural system is inferred to enter basement where it is exposed close to the spreading center and flow laterally beneath thick sediments, causing seafloor heat flow to be depressed relative to that input at the base of the plate. The flow rate, and thus the properties of permeable basement (the flow layer), controls the efficiency of lateral heat transport, as quantified through numerical modeling. We simulated forced flow in this layer by pumping water through at a fixed rate and quantified relations between flow rate, thickness of the permeable basement, and the extent of suppression of seafloor heat flow. Free flow simulations, in which fluid flow was not forced, match heat flow constraints if nonhydrostatic initial conditions are used and flow layer permeabilities are set to the high end of observed values (10−11 to 10−9 m2). To match seafloor heat flow observations, the models required lateral specific discharge of 1.2 to 40 m/yr for flow layer thicknesses of 600 to 100 m, respectively. The models also replicate differences in fluid pressures in basement, and the local distribution of pressures above and below hydrostatic. Estimated lateral flow rates are 10× to 1000× greater than estimates based on radiocarbon ages of basement pore waters. Estimated lateral flow rates based on thermal and chemical constraints can be reconciled if diffusion from discrete flow zones into less permeable stagnant zones in the crust is considered.
Astrophysical origin of high-energy cosmic neutrinos

The origin of high-energy cosmic neutrinos is a new interesting mystery in astroparticle physics. The present data suggest interesting connection to cosmic-ray and/or gamma-ray sources. We review various scenarios for the cosmic neutrinos, and emphasize the importance of multimessenger approaches to reveal the sources. ν � νi ≈ (0.95 ± 0.3) × 10 −8 GeV cm −2 s −1 sr −1 , which is consistent with the previous analyses as well as independent results on muon neutrinos (4). Arrival directions of the observed neutrinos are consistent with
Problems Identifying Independent and Dependent Variables

This paper discusses one step from the scientific method—that of identifying independent and dependent variables—from both scientific and mathematical perspectives. It begins by analyzing an episode from a middle school mathematics classroom that illustrates the need for students and teachers alike to develop a robust understanding of independent and dependent variables. It then outlines four rationales (two from science and two from mathematics) for identifying independent and dependent variables. Finally, it reports the results of a textbook analysis that used these rationales to examine the extent to which typical mathematics textbook problems support or supplant a sensible view of independent and dependent variables. The findings indicate that often, mathematics textbook problems misrepresent the sense-making aspect of identifying independent and dependent variables, possibly setting students up to develop misconceptions about this step from the scientific method.
Identification of a Signaling Network in Lateral Nucleus of Amygdala Important for Inhibiting Memory Specifically Related to Learned Fear

We identified the Grp gene, encoding gastrin-releasing peptide, as being highly expressed both in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala, the nucleus where associations for Pavlovian learned fear are formed, and in the regions that convey fearful auditory information to the lateral nucleus. Moreover, we found that GRP receptor (GRPR) is expressed in GABAergic interneurons of the lateral nucleus. GRP excites these interneurons and increases their inhibition of principal neurons. GRPR-deficient mice showed decreased inhibition of principal neurons by the interneurons, enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP), and greater and more persistent long-term fear memory. By contrast, these mice performed normally in hippocampus-dependent Morris maze. These experiments provide genetic evidence that GRP and its neural circuitry operate as a negative feedback regulating fear and establish a causal relationship between Grpr gene expression, LTP, and amygdala-dependent memory for fear.
Financial Training for Exonerees Awaiting Compensation: A Case Study

A modified version of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's Money Smart financial training program was provided for 14 exonerees in an urban Texas setting, in preparation for receiving their compensation awards relating to their wrongful convictions. Researchers sought to investigate the usefulness of the modified program in assisting in the financial literacy of exonerees transitioning to society postrelease. This case study provides an overview of the observations of the process, and implications for future trainings and practice with this population. Overall, the exonerees in this case study benefited from the program. However, exonerees expressed unique concerns about family issues, budgeting, spending habits, credit, taxes, retirement, exploitation, and the media. The observations made throughout this process are relevant to the criminal justice field since Texas has adopted a policy whereby the Department of Criminal Justice provides initial postrelease case management and oversight of initial...
A new approach to obtaining closed-form solutions for higher order tetrahedral finite elements using modern computer algebra systems

Closed-form solutions for straight-sided tetrahedral element stiffness matrices used in finite element analysis have been proven more efficient than numerically integrated solutions. These closed-form solutions are symbolically integrated using computer algebra systems such as Mathematica or Maple. However, even with memory and processing speed available on desktop computers today, major hindrances exist when attempting to symbolically evaluate the stiffness matrices for high order elements. This research proposes a new approach to obtaining closed-form solutions. Results are presented that demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining the stiffness matrices for high order tetrahedral elements through p-level 9 by use of parallel processing tools in Mathematica 7. Comparisons are made between serial and parallel approaches based on memory required to generate a solution. The serial approach requires more memory and can only generate closed-form solutions up to 7th order. The parallel processing approach presented requires less memory and can generate solutions up to 9th order.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Colonoscopy in mice.

Introduction: Current investigational models of murine colitis and colon cancer necessitate sacrifice of animals in order to obtain colonic tissue. The purpose of this study was to develop a safe method of murine colonoscopy that would allow serial evaluation and mucosal biopsies of the same animal. Methods: Nine mice (two C3H, two C57/BL6, and five IL-10 deficient) were studied a total of four times each over 4 weeks. Three mice [APC (Min ±)] were examined three times each. Mice were gavaged with 1 cc of a polyethylene glycol solution on the day prior to colonoscopy. Solid chow was withheld and the mice were maintained on Pedialyte. Mice were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine. A flexible pediatric cystoscope (2.1-mm diameter) with a single biopsy channel was introduced per anum, and the colon was gently insufflated with air to a mean pressure of less than 5 mmHg. Saline irrigation was used when necessary. A single biopsy was obtained from the rectosigmoid colon during each examination. Results: A total of 46 examinations were carried out. One mouse died after being anesthesized for the fourth examination, and two mice [one IL-10 knockout and one APC (Min±)] died one day after the 3rd examination. No other complications were noted. The average length of insertion was 3 cm. Transillumination allowed for localization of the endoscope tip. Biopsies, although quite small, were sufficient for pathologic evaluation and diagnosis. Conclusions: Murine colonoscopy is a safe and feasible technique. It permits consecutive visual and histopathological examinations, and it allows the investigator to monitor the response of the murine colon to experimental interventions.
Testing the Stability of Recreational Fishing Participation Probabilities

Abstract Forecasts of recreational fishing participation enable managers to anticipate changes in the number of anglers and future demand for fishing opportunities. Projections of recreational fishing participation have typically been calculated by estimating participation probabilities for cohorts of a given population and then applying those probabilities to forecasted changes in population size and demographic composition. The resulting predictions rely on the assumption that the estimated participation probabilities within each demographic cohort are constant over time. We tested this assumption using replicated surveys of marine recreational fishing participation that were conducted in 1994 and again in 2002–2003 for the northeastern U.S. coastal population from Maine to Virginia. Participation probabilities and forecasts obtained from the 1994 survey were compared with both actual participation rates and the estimated participation probabilities in the 2002–2003 survey. Results suggest that particip...
The lost chord: microchimerism and allograft survival

Recent evidence suggests that passenger leukocytes migrate after organ transplantation and produce persistent chimerism, which is essential for sustained survival of the allografts. Here, Thomas Starzl and colleagues argure that this hematolymphopoietic chimerism provides an important framework for the interpretation of basic and therapeutically oriented transplantataion research.
A brief overview of scalable distributed concurrency services for hierarchical locking

As researchers share computational resources, such as objects in large distributed environments, it becomes difficult to achieve scalability of synchronization, and commonly used concurrency protocols currently lack scalability. Our peer-to-peer protocol enhances middleware concurrency services to provide scalability of synchronization enabling resource sharing and computing with distributed objects in systems with a large number of nodes.
Local recurrence after mastectomy in patients with T3pN0 breast carcinoma treated without postoperative radiation therapy.

Objective:The need for comprehensive adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with T3pN0 breast cancer is controversial. This retrospective analysis was performed to assess the frequency of local and distant recurrence in patients treated with mastectomy without postoperative radiation.Materials and Method
On the Pringsheim Rearrangement Theorems

We show that requiring that the set of positions of the positive terms in a conditionally convergent numerical series have asymptotic density provides converses for old rearrangement theorems of Alfred Pringsheim.