cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Other Marine Fishes

From open-ocean pelagic spawners to nest tenders and mouthbrooders, marine fishes show a great diversity of parental care behaviors that make them excellent fodder for genetic appraisals using molecular markers. For example, in many marine species “bourgeois” males build nests and tend the embryos, and thereby heft a disproportionate share of the parental burden during an external type of gestation. Nest guarding also exposes these males to potential cuckoldry by other males who may sneak onto a bourgeois male’s nest and “steal” some of the fertilization events with the spawning female(s). Such reproductive shenanigans are difficult to document by traditional field observations, but they can become readily apparent when the clutches are subjected to genetic appraisals of biological parentage.
Ubiquitination of chemokine receptors.

Abstract Ubiquitin modification of proteins has traditionally been linked to proteasomal degradation, but it is now well established that it also serves nonproteasomal functions, such as DNA repair, signal transduction and endocytic trafficking among others. It is now emerging that G‐protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) downregulation is mediated by receptor ubiquitination. For example, agonist‐dependent ubiquitination of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 (atrophin interacting protein 4) targets CXCR4 for degradation in lysosomes. The ubiquitin moiety on CXCR4 serves as a signal on endosomes for entry into the degradative pathway and long‐term attenuation of signaling or downregulation. Several GPCRs have been shown to be ubiquitinated, and ubiquitin‐dependent trafficking may represent a general mechanism by which GPCRs are targeted to lysosomes, although some GPCRs that are targeted to lysosomes may not be directly regulated by ubiquitination. Here we describe a simple biochemical assay that we have used to study the ubiquitination of CXCR4 that can be easily applied to study the ubiquitination of any GPCR.
Genomic Approaches to Disease Diagnosis and Prevention

Genomic approaches are the basis for proposing personalization of medicine, a philosophy that customizes healthcare using molecular analysis to guide medical decisions tailoring them to individual patients. Specific treatments will be prescribed only to patients who will positively respond to them, avoiding additional suffering and costs and focusing on therapies that better suit each particular case. This chapter briefly revisits the current state of the art of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and pharmacogenomics and proposes that greater emphasis on phenomics will possibly accelerate discovery and implementation of a healthcare system that utilizes molecular information for bedside care.
Measuring Systemic Risk with Network Connectivity: Extended Abstract

Measuring connectedness among financial institutions is an important aspect of monitoring systemwide risk development and identifying systemically risky institutions. In this work, we present a novel statistical method for measuring connectivity among firms using publicly available time series of firm-level characteristics. The proposed method relies on a Lasso penalized estimation of high-dimensional vector autoregressive models (VAR) and provides a principled framework for estimating network topology of linkages among firms. We apply our method to analyze connectivity among stock returns of leading financial firms in the U.S. before, during and after the financial crisis of 2007-2009, and show that centrality measures of the estimated networks can be used to identify important systemic events and systemically risky institutions.
Pbench: a benchmark suite for characterizing 3D printing prefabrication

3D printing is revolutionizing the next-generation manufacturing industry. With increasing design complexity, computation in the prefabrication process is becoming the bottleneck of 3D printing. For example, a multi-scale, multi-material 3D design (e.g., a bionic bone) takes a few hours or even days to complete the prefabrication computation. Therefore, it is prudent to improve the performance of 3D printing prefabrication. In this paper, we investigate the computational challenges in 3D printing. First, we develop the PBench, an open-source standard benchmark suite for 3D printing prefabrication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first benchmark suite for 3D printing prefabrication. Second, we study the properties of PBench using TotalChar, a proposed benchmark characterization framework analyzing PBench from three complementary dimensions, i.e., (1) microarchitecture independent analysis, (2) architecture bottleneck analysis and (3) functional performance analysis. Experiments show that 3D printing prefabrication can be potentially optimized through specified function accelerator design or parallelism exploration. Overall, this work establishes the potential for accelerating 3D printing prefabrication.
E2F1-mediated human POMC expression in ectopic Cushing’s syndrome

Cushing's syndrome is caused by excessive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion derived from pituitary corticotroph tumors (Cushing disease) or from non-pituitary tumors (ectopic Cushing's syndrome). Hypercortisolemic features of ectopic Cushing's syndrome are severe, and no definitive treatment for paraneoplastic ACTH excess is available. We aimed to identify subcellular therapeutic targets by elucidating transcriptional regulation of the human ACTH precursor POMC (proopiomelanocortin) and ACTH production in non-pituitary tumor cells and in cell lines derived from patients with ectopic Cushing's syndrome. We show that ectopic hPOMC transcription proceeds independently of pituitary-specific Tpit/Pitx1 and demonstrate a novel E2F1-mediated transcriptional mechanism regulating hPOMC We identify an E2F1 cluster binding to the proximal hPOMC promoter region (-42 to +68), with DNA-binding activity determined by the phosphorylation at Ser-337. hPOMC mRNA expression in cancer cells was upregulated (up to 40-fold) by the co-expression of E2F1 and its heterodimer partner DP1. Direct and indirect inhibitors of E2F1 activity suppressed hPOMC gene expression and ACTH by modifying E2F1 DNA-binding activity in ectopic Cushing's cell lines and primary tumor cells, and also suppressed paraneoplastic ACTH and cortisol levels in xenografted mice. E2F1-mediated hPOMC transcription is a potential target for suppressing ACTH production in ectopic Cushing's syndrome.
Bone remodeling and regulating biomarkers in women at the time of breast cancer diagnosis.

The majority of breast cancer patients receive endocrine therapy, including aromatase inhibitors known to cause increased bone resorption. Bone-related biomarkers at the time of breast cancer diagnosis may predict future risk of osteoporosis and fracture after endocrine therapy. In a large population of 2,401 female breast cancer patients who later underwent endocrine therapy, we measured two bone remodeling biomarkers, TRAP5b and BAP, and two bone regulating biomarkers, RANKL and OPG, in serum samples collected at the time of breast cancer diagnosis. We analyzed these biomarkers and their ratios with patients’ demographic, lifestyle, clinical tumor characteristics, as well as bone health history. The presence of bone metastases, prior bisphosphonate (BP) treatment, and blood collection after chemotherapy had a significant impact on biomarker levels. After excluding these cases and controlling for blood collection time, several factors, including age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and hormonal replacement therapy, were significantly associated with bone biomarkers, while vitamin D or calcium supplements and tumor characteristics were not. When prior BP users were included in, recent history of osteoporosis and fracture was also associated. Our findings support further investigation of these biomarkers with bone health outcomes after endocrine therapy initiation in women with breast cancer.
Carbohydrate Metabolism by Streptococcus thermophilus : A Review.

Despite the widespread use of Streptococcus thermophilus as a starter culture in the manufacture of many fermented dairy products, only recently has an understanding of the basic processes regarding carbohydrate metabolism been developed. Although S. thermophilus is related to other lactic streptococci by virtue of their common use in dairy fermentations, available information indicates that S. thermophilus is serologically, genetically, and physiologically distinct from the Group N, mesophilic streptococci. Carbohydrate metabolism, in particular, occurs by different processes in S. thermophilus than in the Group N streptococci ( Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris ). The latter organisms utilize lactose by a specific phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system in which the lactose hydrolysis products, glucose and galactyose-6-phosphate, are concurrently metabolized to lactic acid. In contrast, S. thermophilus lacks phosphotransferase activity and instead possesses a lactose permease. After hydrolysis by β-galactosidase, only glucose is further metabolized and galactose is released into the extracellular medium. Most strains are unable to ferment galactose and are phenotypically galactose-negative. The rapid growth rates of S. thermophilus on lactose and slow growth rates on glucose and galactose are likely due to the differences between the lactose and monosaccharide transport activities. Galactose transport by S. thermophilus requires an exogenous energy source and is mediated by a galactose permease. Galactose is further metabolized in galactose-positive cells by the enzymes of the Leloir pathway, specifically, galactokinase, galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase, and uridine-5-diphospho-glucose-4-epimerase. The latter two enzymes are eonstituitively expressed; however, in galactose-positive cells galactokinase and the galactose permease are induced by galactose in the absence of lactose. The phenotypic differences between galactose-positive and galactose-negative S. thermophilus are, in part, due to differences in the galactokinase and galactose permease activities. Galactose released into the medium by lactose-grown, galactose-positive cells can be subsequently metabolized, homofermentatively, to lactic acid. However, the important practical implications of released galactose has produced the need for isolation and development of S. thermophilus strains which ferment the lactose components, glucose and galactose, completely and simultaneously.
Inducible Colonic M Cells Are Dependent on TNFR2 but Not Ltβr, Identifying Distinct Signalling Requirements for Constitutive Versus Inducible M Cells.

Background and aims M cells associated with organised lymphoid tissues such as intestinal Peyer's patches provide surveillance of the intestinal lumen. Inflammation or infection in the colon can induce an M cell population associated with lymphoid infiltrates; paradoxically, induction is dependent on the inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α. Anti-TNFα blockade is an important therapeutic in inflammatory bowel disease, so understanding the effects of TNFα signalling is important in refining therapeutics. Methods To dissect pro-inflammatory signals from M cell inductive signals, we used confocal microscopy image analysis to assess requirements for specific cytokine receptor signals using TNF receptor 1 [TNFR1] and 2 [TNFR2] knockouts [ko] back-crossed to the PGRP-S-dsRed transgene; separate groups were treated with soluble lymphotoxin β receptor [sLTβR] to block LTβR signalling. All groups were treated with dextran sodium sulphate [DSS] to induce colitis. Results Deficiency of TNFR1 or TNFR2 did not prevent DSS-induced inflammation nor induction of stromal cell expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand [RANKL], but absence of TNFR2 prevented M cell induction. LTβR blockade had no effect on M cell induction, but it appeared to reduce RANKL induction below adjacent M cells. Conclusions TNFR2 is required for inflammation-inducible M cells, indicating that constitutive versus inflammation-inducible M cells depend on different triggers. The inducible M cell dependence on TNFR2 suggests that this specific subset is dependent on TNFα in addition to a presumed requirement for RANKL. Since inducible M cell function will influence immune responses, selective blockade of TNFα may affect colonic inflammation.
Continuous capnography monitoring during resuscitation in a transitional large mammalian model of asphyxial cardiac arrest.

In neonates requiring chest compression (CC) during resuscitation, neonatal resuscitation program (NRP) recommends against relying on a single feedback device such as end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) or saturations (SpO2) to determine return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) until more evidence becomes available. We evaluated the role of monitoring ETCO2 during resuscitation in a lamb model of cardiac arrest induced by umbilical cord occlusion (n = 21). Lambs were resuscitated as per NRP guidelines. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), carotid and pulmonary blood flows along with ETCO2 and blood gases were continuously monitored. Resuscitation was continued for 20 min or until ROSC (whichever was earlier). Adequate CC was arbitrarily defined as generation of 30 mmHg SBP during resuscitation. ETCO2 thresholds to predict adequacy of CC and detect ROSC were determined. Significant relationship between ETCO2 and adequate CC was noted during resuscitation (AUC-0.735, P < 0.01). At ROSC (n = 12), ETCO2 rapidly increased to 57 ± 20 mmHg with a threshold of ≥32 mmHg being 100% sensitive and 97% specific to predict ROSC. In a large mammalian model of perinatal asphyxia, continuous ETCO2 monitoring predicted adequacy of CC and detected ROSC. These findings suggest ETCO2 in conjunction with other devices may be beneficial during CC and predict ROSC.
Diversity in software engineering research.

With the popularity and availability of OSS projects, Software Engineering (SE) researchers have made many advances in understanding how software is developed. However, in SE Research, like in any other scientific field, it is always desirable to produce results, techniques, and tools that can apply to a large (or all if possible) number of software projects. The ideal case would be to randomly select a statistically significant sample of software projects. However, past SE studies evaluate hypotheses on a small sample of deliberately chosen OSS projects that are out there in the world. More recently, an increasing number of SE researchers have started examining their hypotheses on larger datasets, which are deliberately chosen as well. The aim of the large-scale studies is to increase the generality of the research studies. However, generality of results may not be achieved if the sample of projects chosen for evaluation are homogeneous in nature and not diverse with respect to the entire population of SE projects. In this chapter, we present the initial work done on diversity and representativeness in SE research. We first define what we mean by diversity and representativeness in SE research. Then, we present: (a) a way to assess the quality of a given sample of projects with respect to diversity and representativeness and (b) a selection technique that allows one to tailor a sample with high diversity and representativeness.
Development and Bioengineering of Lung Regeneration

The limited ability of the lung to respond to devastating degenerative disease entities provides the impetus to develop new cell-based restorative therapies. Approaches to meet this need could include either production of stem/progenitor cells for delivery to the damaged native lung to regenerate damaged tissue or engineering of a de novo transplantable organ. In either case, an understanding of normal lung development provides a road map for directing pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to differentiate to lung epithelium in vitro. Lung epithelium is derived from the endodermal germ layer, which in turn is formed during gastrulation as cells migrate through the primitive streak. Through precisely coordinated temporospatial exposure to key agonists and antagonists of the WNT, FGF, BMP, and RA pathways, a subset of definitive endoderm cells are induced to express Nkx2–1, the earliest known marker of primordial lung progenitor cells, before further differentiation to mature cell types comprising the proximal and distal lung compartments. Novel culture systems, such as decellularized lung scaffolds and in vitro organoids, offer unprecedented opportunities for achieving multilineage differentiation and tissue-like structure formation together with functional evaluation of PSC-derived lung progenitors. Combined with advances in our ability to model lung development in vitro with human PSCs, emerging bioengineering techniques are rapidly transforming the field and are likely both to further our understanding of normal development and to facilitate therapeutic applications of these in the years to come.
Diseases of the Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are two of the most common digestive system problems around the world [1]. In the United States, there are about 20.5 million people with gallbladder disease, with an estimated annual cost for medical care of more than 6.4 billion dollars [2]. Gallstones account for the majority of gallbladder problems. Women are affected two to three times as frequently as men [3]. Race, heredity, gender, age, and obesity are some of the important known risk factors for gallstones (Table 9.1.1). Between the ages 60 and 74, the prevalence of gallbladder disease is as high as 25.3% in men and 33.1%% in women (Table 9.1.2), and it is relatively more common among the Mexican Americans (Table 9.1.3). The highest rate among the Americans is found in the Pima Indians of Arizona [4]. By the teenage years, as many as 10–13% of Pima Indian girls develop lithogenic bile, and by 35–44 years, about 71% develop gallstones. Almost 90% of Pima Indian women over the age of 65 develop gallbladder disease, and the prevalence is much higher than in Pima Indian men.
Repeat Fuel Specific Emission Measurements on Two California Heavy-Duty Truck Fleets.

The University of Denver repeated its 2013 fuel specific gaseous and particle emission measurements on two California heavy-duty vehicle fleets. In 2015 1456 measurements at the Port of Los Angeles and 694 measurements at the Cottonwood weigh station in northern California were collected. The Port fleet changed little since 2013, increasing the average age (+1.8 years), accompanied by an increase in particle mass (PM) by +266% (0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.11 ± 0.01 gPM/kg of fuel) and black carbon (BC) by +300% (0.02 ± 0.003 to 0.08 ± 0.01 gBC/kg of fuel). Particle number (PN) also increased (1.5 × 1014 ± 2.5 × 1013 to 2.8 × 1014 ± 2.8 × 1013 PN/kg of fuel) by a smaller percentage (+87%). Chassis model year 2008 and 2009 vehicles currently dominate the fleet, accounting for the majority of these increases. The long-haul Cottonwood fleet decreased in fleet age (−0.6 model years), where half the decreases in fuel specific PM (−66%), BC (−65%), and PN (−19%) emissions are due to the newer fleet; an increased fraction o...
The Effects of Patient No-Shows on Traditional and Open-Access Appointment Scheduling Policies

This paper compares two types of appointment scheduling policies for single providers: traditional and open-access. Under traditional scheduling, each of a specified number of patients per day is booked well in advance, but may not show up for his or her appointment. Under open-access scheduling, each of a random number of patient calls in the morning to make an appointment for that same day. Thus the number of patient arrivals will be random, for different reasons, under both policies. We find that the open-access schedule will significantly outperform the traditional schedule - in terms of a weighted average of patients’ waiting time, the doctor’s idle time, and the doctor’s overtime - except when patient waiting time is held in little regard, or when the probability of no-shows is quite small.
Non-marital and Teen Fertility and Contraception During the Great Recession

I examine the effects of the Great Recession on non-marital and teen births. The Recession could have led to reductions in non-marital and teen fertility or the Recession could have had null effects if non-marital and teen fertility are disconnected from economic factors. Using a panel of state-level fertility and economic data, I find that worse macro-economic conditions are associated with lower rates of non-marital and teen fertility. I next analyzed data from the National Survey of Family Growth and find that worsening macro-economic conditions at the national level raise the probability of contraceptive use, of consistent contraceptive use, and of the efficacy of the contraceptive method employed among unmarried women. The results suggest that disadvantaged women moderate fertility in response to severe economic shocks.
Changes in The role Of the Dog in Protohistoric-historic Pawnee culture

One aspect of Plains Native American acculturation in response to European expansion not considered in detail by anthropologists is the effect upon the domestic dog. This paper considers the Pawnee...
International service learning in public and nonprofit management education: reflections from multiple stakeholders and lessons learned

In this paper, we address international service-learning (ISL) programs in public affairs and nonprofit management education. ISL programs are becoming increasingly popular offerings at universities as they strive to prepare graduates to become responsible and globally oriented citizens. However, little literature exists in the fields of public affairs and nonprofit management education about the pedagogy of ISL. To address this gap, we used perspectives of multiple stakeholders for systemic evaluation of ISL design and implementation. Systematic evaluations must be conducted to ensure that objectives for the full range of stakeholders are being met. Program-specific findings and broad recommendations are presented. The recommendations include (1) establish clear objectives and expectations for all stakeholders; (2) emphasize partnership and continued, sustained communication; and (3) include academic content and reflection about ethics and related values. Additionally, the results of our multistakeholder evaluation suggest the value of incorporating this methodology on an ongoing basis.
Do Corporate Investors Affect Entrepreneurs’ IP Portfolio? Entrepreneurial Finance and Intellectual Property in New Firms:

This study investigates the impact of corporate venture capital (CVC) funding on new firms’ subsequent intellectual property (IP) outcomes (i.e., patents, copyrights, and trademarks). The central p...
Contamination of dairy feeds by air pollution

Air pollution of forage for dairy cattle is already a serious problem where industry is encroaching upon land used for production of feed and forage crops. In Pennsylvania, lead poisoning and serious metabolic disease resulting from lime plant stack effluents have caused losses on dairy and beef cattle farms. Evidence of intoxication and other metabolic disturbances in cattle in areas close to industries warrants search of pastures or stored forage crops for toxic air pollutants. Pasture areas close to heavily travelled highways may contain appreciable quantities of lead. This situation appears to justify immediate concern by health and agriculture regulatory agencies.
On Limits of Antenna Packing in Low Power Systems

We evaluate spectral efficiency limits of low power portable communication devices which are only constrained by fixed transceiver aperture G ⊆ IR for mounting antennas. A new notion of antenna-space capacity of G naturally emerges from analysis of the achievable spectral efficiency. Antenna-space capacity measures the maximum growth of spectral efficiency that antenna configuration can achieve, given arbitrary number of antennas. Thus, the notion of antenna-space capacity also has a practical utility as a benchmark for design of actual antenna configurations. As a concrete example, we compute the antenna-space capacity of a circular geometry, where antennas can only be placed on the circumference of a circle. We show that uniform antenna placement on the circle is suboptimal antenna configuration for any fixed number of antennas, but comes arbitrarily close to optimum as the number of antennas grows unboundedly.
Leont'ev, Aleksei Alekseevich (1936–2004)

Aleksei Alekseevich Leont'ev (1936–2004) was a professor of psychology and linguistics, the founder of the Russian psychological school, and one of the founders of the psychological theory of speech. Leont'ev's areas of interest were general psychology and psychology of speech, psycholinguistics and methods of teaching native and foreign languages, general linguistics and history of linguistics, ethnography, and poetics.
Evidence for an ATP-independent long-chain phosphatidylcholine translocator in hepatocyte membranes

Transport of phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules across canalicular plasma membranes of the liver is essential for their secretion into bile. To test for evidence of protein-mediated translocation o...
E-Textile Origami Dipole Antennas With Graded Embroidery for Adaptive RF Performance

We present a new class of reconfigurable origami-based antennas formed by embroidered conductive E-threads. State-of-the-art techniques used to realize origami antennas employ fragile conductive inks and/or copper tape. By contrast, the proposed approach brings forward enhanced robustness and durability as attributed to the inherent strength of the E-threads. To facilitate folding along the creases while also providing the radio frequency (RF) performance close to that of copper, a graded embroidery process is proposed. The grading scheme uses a density of 7 E-threads/mm on the antenna and a reduced density around the creases (as few as 1 E-thread/mm in this study). Proof-of-concept results for an accordion-based dipole antenna tunable from 760 to 1015 MHz show excellent agreement between simulations and measurements for all E-textile prototypes and the copper equivalent. Notably, embroidery density at the creases can be reduced to as low as 1 E-thread/mm without apparent degradation in the RF performance. Overall, the E-textile origami antennas may transform opportunities for reconfigurable antennas to be leveraged in wearable and structural applications.
The impact of sulfur oxidation level on flame retardancy

Compounds containing sulfur in various forms may be used as flame retardants or as adjuvants to promote the activity of other flame-retarding elements, most notably phosphorus. To gain a better und...
Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of In2O3 Films on Off-Axis c-Sapphire Substrates

Heteroepitaxial In2O3 films were grown on transparent c-sapphire substrates with 0, 3.5, 6, and 8° off-axis angles via low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). Metallic solid indium and oxyg...
Urologic care and progression to end-stage kidney disease: a Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) nested case-control study.

Summary Introduction Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk progressing to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The majority of CKD causes in children are related to congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, which may be treated by urologic care. Objective To examine the association of ESKD with urologic care in children with CKD. Study design This was a nested case–control study within the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) prospective cohort study that included children aged 1–16 years with non-glomerular causes of CKD. The primary exposure was prior urologic referral with or without surgical intervention. Incidence density sampling matched each case of ESKD to up to three controls on duration of time from CKD onset, sex, race, age at baseline visit, and history of low birth weight. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate rate ratios (RRs) for the incidence of ESKD. Results Sixty-six cases of ESKD were matched to 153 controls. Median age at baseline study visit was 12 years; 67% were male, and 7% were black. Median follow-up time from CKD onset was 14.9 years. Seventy percent received urologic care, including 100% of obstructive uropathy and 96% of reflux nephropathy diagnoses. Cases had worse renal function at their baseline visit and were less likely to have received prior urologic care. After adjusting for income, education, and insurance status, urology referral with surgery was associated with 50% lower risk of ESKD (RR 0.50 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26–0.997), compared to no prior urologic care (Figure). After excluding obstructive uropathy and reflux nephropathy diagnoses, which were highly correlated with urologic surgery, the association was attenuated (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.24–2.18). Discussion In this study, urologic care was commonly but not uniformly provided to children with non-glomerular causes of CKD. Underlying specific diagnoses play an important role in both the risk of ESKD and potential benefits of urologic surgery. Conclusion Within the CKiD cohort, children with non-glomerular causes of CKD often received urologic care. Urology referral with surgery was associated with lower risk of ESKD compared to no prior urologic care but depended on specific underlying diagnoses. Download : Download high-res image (77KB) Download : Download full-size image
Correction to: Sorting Real Numbers in $$O(n\sqrt{\log n})$$ Time and Linear Space

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in article title and abstract.
Higher Purpose, Corporate Culture and Governance in Banking

This paper provides a brief assessment of how organizational higher purpose, ethics, culture and corporate governance have evolved in banking since the financial crisis. It concludes that we need to strengthen capital ratios and equity governance in banking to improve ethics and culture, and de-emphasize liquidity regulation. It also advocates the embrace of authentic organizational higher purpose in banking as a way to foster stability and growth.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery: Indications and Outcomes in Central Nervous System and Skull Base Metastases

The most recent advances in the management of systemic cancer disease have likely led to an increase in the number of patients with brain metastases. In this setting, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has risen as a mainstay treatment in the management of patients diagnosed with metastatic brain lesions. Given its favorable toxicity profile over conventional radiotherapy, a continuously growing body of prospective randomized data has allowed SRS to extend the reach of local therapy both as adjuvant and/or definitive treatment of brain metastases.
Lessons Learned in Selection and Review of Depression Apps for Primary Care Settings

Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide and is one of the most common mental health issues being addressed within primary care settings. Mobile apps, which can be used to help people manage their depressive symptoms, are rapidly developing. However, many challenges exist for clinicians and providers to simply select an appropriate app for use within target populations. The objectives of this article are as follows: (1) to describe the search processes that were used to identify depression-related mobile apps and (2) to describe the review process that was implemented to inform and evaluate the identified depression-related mobile health apps for use with our target population. A research team consisting of information technology researchers, primary and psychiatric care providers, and health care researchers completed two mobile app searches to identify depression-related apps which could be used for further exploration within an underserved integrated primary care setting. Sixteen mobile apps were narrowed down to 4 mobile apps, through a series of steps involving screening, collaboration of the interprofessional team, information technology expertise input, and mobile app evaluation tools. This article described the steps a research team used to search, screen, and assess mental health mobile apps for integrated primary care patients with depression. This step-by-step guide focused on depression-related apps; however, similar steps and principles identified in this guide can be applied to other health apps.
Benchmarking HOAP for Scalable Document Data Management: A First Step

Enterprises today are becoming ever more reliant on real-time information and analytics for steering and optimizing their businesses. As a result, database system architectures with hybrid data management support – known as HTAP (Hybrid Transactional/ Analytical Processing) or HOAP (Hybrid Operational/Analytical Processing) support – are appearing and increasingly gaining traction in both the commercial and research sectors. Hybrid platforms first appeared in the relational world, and they are often linked in that world to concurrent high-end server technology trends such as columnar storage and mainmemory data management.This paper focuses on hybrid platforms, but in a very different world – in the document data management, or NoSQL, world. In this work, we report on a first effort to characterize the hybrid performance of a scalable document database system that purports to provide what one might call "HOAP for JSON". We have borrowed from and extended the TPC-C benchmark to study the performance of Couchbase Server, a horizontally scalable NoSQL platform that offers HOAP via the combination of its Data/Index/Query and Analytics Services. Our results attest to the importance of architecting a NoSQL platform for HOAP, both in terms of its approach(es) to query processing and its provision of performance isolation for the operational and analytical components of a mixed workload. We share our initial results, the insights that we have gained thus far, and our thoughts on future work related to benchmarking such systems.
Oxidation Behavior of Welded Fe-Based and Ni-Based Alloys in Supercritical CO2

Next-generation supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles will require different classes of alloy throughout the operational temperatures to optimize tradeoff of creep strength, oxidation performance and cost. This will necessitate joining methods such as welding, which might pose compatibility concerns at the joined interfaces. In this study, similar and dissimilar metal welds were generated from a variety of candidate alloys for sCO2 systems including ferritic/martensitic steels, austenitic steels, and Ni-based superalloys. Samples were extracted from different regions of the welds and exposed to sCO2 at 550 °C and 20 MPa for 2500 h and then characterized to understand their behavior in this environment. Unsurprisingly, the local oxidation behavior was largely dictated by the Cr content in the underlying metal. High-Cr austenitic steels and Ni alloys formed slow-growing Cr-rich oxide scales with minimal carburization of the underlying metal, while low-Cr ferritic/martensitic steels formed fast-growing Fe-rich oxide scales with significant carburization. Most welds did not show any unusual oxidation behavior at the interfaces, considering the local Cr content. The one exception was the 347H similar metal weld, where a larger grain size and complex grain structure in the fusion zone led to a significantly higher rate of Fe-rich oxide nodule formation compared to the base metal. This suggests that microstructural changes at joined interfaces can play an important role on the oxidation-limited lifetimes in future sCO2 systems. The composition changes across the interfaces enabled study of the effect of Fe on the growth rate of Cr-rich oxides and of the origins of the subsurface recrystallization zone that forms beneath them.
Distinguishing Resonant from Non-Resonant Nonlinear Optical Processes Using Intensity–Intensity Correlation Analyses:

Three-color coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) represents non-degenerate four wave mixing that includes both non-resonant and resonant processes, the contributions of which depend upon ho...
Level of arousal and the ability to maintain wakefulness.

The ability to maintain wakefulness under baseline and sleep deprivation conditions was examined in a group of 14 normal young adults. Subjects participated in both standard and manipulation Maintenance of Wakefulness tests after being awake for 7, 19, and 31 h. In the manipulation Maintenance of Wakefulness tests, subjects performed varying degrees of physical activity at the onset of stage 1 to allow them to preserve wakefulness. As expected, ability to maintain wakefulness declined as time awake increased. With amount of time awake held constant, wakefulness was enhanced most after standing and doing knee bends, less after standing, less after sitting up, and least after subjects were spoken to. The improvement in alertness after doing knee bends as compared to being spoken to was of the same relative magnitude as the decrease in alertness after one night of total sleep deprivation. As expected, heart rate also increased consistently as activity increased. Each subject had a negative correlation between their EEG sleep latencies and their minimum r-r interval during the manipulation, i.e. the higher the heart rate, the longer the latency. These data were interpreted as a demonstration of the impact of discrete phasic arousal on the ability to maintain wakefulness.
Climate Change and the Threat to Cultural Security

As the “debate” over climate change continues, the real question of how it will affect communities who inhabit vulnerable areas will be of prime concern for those interested in environmental justice. Communities threatened by the effects of climate change, many of which, for example, exist in low lying areas along coastal areas, such as Bangladesh, which will be some of the first to see the effects of a rising ocean and weather extremes. At the same time, while these already marginalized cultures are threatened by rising oceans they are vulnerable to injustice in other ways, mainly from those inherent and institutionalized in the structure of the neoliberal/neocolonial world order and globalization. These institutional injustices threaten their way of life, culture, and very existence. In this paper I intend to employ a capabilities approach to environmental justice by examining the capabilities of communities threatened by climate change. I ask the questions what are the capabilities that are threatened by climate change? What will climate change take away from their capabilities? How can we treat them in a just way?My paper will basically be structured as:Intro. Concepts of justice and the capabilities approach.Body. Address questionsConclusion. In the conclusion, I will address the final question of how we can treat them in a just way, and intend to lay the foundation for the second paper which will examine issues for basic human needs/rights and environmental security.
Aquaporin CHIP: the archetypal molecular water channel

Despite longstanding interest by nephrologists and physiologists, the molecular identities of membrane water channels remained elusive until recognition of CHIP, a 28-kDa channel-forming integral membrane protein from human red blood cells originally referred to as "CHIP28." CHIP functions as an osmotically driven, water-selective pore; 1) expression of CHIP conferred Xenopus oocytes with markedly increased osmotic water permeability but did not allow transmembrane passage of ions or other small molecules; 2) reconstitution of highly purified CHIP into proteoliposomes permitted determination of the unit water permeability, i.e., 3.9 x 10(9) water molecules.channel subunit-1 x s-1. Although CHIP exists as a homotetramer in the native red blood cell membrane, site-directed mutagenesis studies suggested that each subunit contains an individually functional pore that may be reversibly occluded by mercurial inhibitors reacting with cysteine-189. CHIP is a major component of both apical and basolateral membranes of water-permeable segments of the nephron, where it facilitates transcellular water flow during reabsorption of glomerular filtrate. CHIP is also abundant in certain other absorptive or secretory epithelia, including choroid plexus, ciliary body of the eye, hepatobiliary ductules, gall bladder, and capillary endothelia. Distinct patterns of CHIP expression occur at these sites during fetal development and maturity. Similar proteins from other mammalian tissues and plants were later shown to transport water, and the group is now referred to as the "aquaporins." Recognition of CHIP has provided molecular insight into the biological phenomenon of osmotic water movement, and it is hoped that pharmacological modulation of CHIP function may provide novel treatments of renal failure and other clinical problems.
Decreasing US aridity in a warming climate

The mean North American and world climates have warmed since the 19th century following the anthropogenic emission of large quantities of greenhouse gases. It has been suggested that this warming may increase the frequency or severity of droughts. We define a quantitative and objective aridity index that describes the precipitation forcing function of drought. Using the extensive historical database of precipitation records, we evaluate changes in the aridity in the 48 contiguous United States. The area-averaged mean fractional rate of change of aridity of 1218 sites in the period 1893–2013 was (−6.6 ± 0.4) × 10− 4 per year; the 48 contiguous United States became less arid. The rate of decrease of aridity was roughly consistent with expectations from the Clausius–Clapeyron relation and the rate of warming. The fractional rate of change of aridity was nearly uncorrelated with the aridity itself, but there were regional differences: many Western and coastal Southeastern sites showed increasing aridity, but regions of rapidly decreasing aridity were found in a band 85∘–100∘W and the Northeast.
Effects of large‐scale host plant addition and removal on parasitoid‐mediated associational resistance in the gall midge Asphondylia borrichiae

Associational resistance (AR) occurs when a plant species experiences less herbivory when growing in the presence of other plant species than when growing in monoculture. Densities of the gall midge Asphondylia borrichiae Rossi & Strong on the coastal plant Iva frutescens L. are depressed in the presence of a second coastal plant species, Borrichia frutescens (L.). Previous studies suggested that hymenopteran parasitoids from Borrichia galls spill over onto Iva galls and reduce gall densities. This study employs large-scale addition or near-complete removal of Borrichia from a series of spoil islands near the west central Florida coast. Densities of galls on Iva decreased where Borrichia was added, increased where Borrichia was removed and remained unchanged on islands where Borrichia abundance was not manipulated. Relative to unmanipulated islands, the total parasitism rate on Iva galls and parasitism rate by Torymus umbilicatus, the parasitoid hypothesised to be primarily responsible for AR in the system, declined on islands where Borrichia was removed and increased on islands where Borrichia was added, supporting the idea of parasitoid-mediated AR.
An original model of the northern Gulf of Mexico using Ecopath with Ecosim and its implications for the effects of fishing on ecosystem structure and maturity

Abstract The Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is a valuable ecosystem both socially and economically, and fisheries contribute substantially to this value. Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, support the largest fishery in the Gulf (by weight) and provide forage for marine mammals, seabirds and commercially and recreationally important fish species. Understanding the complex interactions among multiple fisheries and myriad unfished species requires tools different from those used in traditional single-species management. One such tool, Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) is increasingly being used to construct food web models of aquatic ecosystems and to evaluate fisheries management options within a broader, ecosystem context. Here, an EwE model was developed to examine the impact of Gulf fisheries on ecosystem structure and maturity. This model builds on previously published EwE models of the GoM, and is tailored to the range and habitat of Gulf menhaden. The model presented here consists of 47 functional groups, including 4 seabird groups, 1 marine mammal group, 3 elasmobranch groups, 26 bony fish groups, 9 invertebrate groups, 3 primary producer groups and 1 detritus group. A number of different management scenarios for Gulf fisheries were modeled and the results were evaluated in terms of impacts on ecosystem maturity and development. The results of the model simulations indicated that the northern Gulf of Mexico is in an immature state (sensu Odum, 1969 ). Management scenarios that increased fishing pressure over time consistently resulted in a decrease in the maturity indices. In particular, we found that Gulf menhaden, as a key forage fish in the ecosystem, plays a substantial role in the structure and functioning of the ecosystem.
The effect of grain-refining additions to lithium-containing aluminium alloys

Influence des additions de zirconium, manganese et chrome sur la microstructure des alliages Al-Li. Determination des caracteristiques mecaniques, de corrosion et des modes de rupture des alliages apres addition des elements. Interpretation des resultats basee sur la microstructure
Sequenced dermatophyte strains: growth rate, conidiation, drug susceptibilities, and virulence in an invertebrate model

Although dermatophytes are the most common cause of fungal infections in the world, their basic biology is not well understood. The recent sequencing and annotation of the genomes of five representative dermatophyte species allows for the creation of hypotheses as to how they cause disease and have adapted to their distinct environments. An understanding of the microbiology of these strains will be essential for testing these hypotheses. This study is the first to generally characterize these five sequenced strains of dermatophytes for their microbiological aspects. We measured the growth rate on solid medium and found differences between species, with Microsporum gypseum CBS118893 having the fastest growth and Trichophyton rubrum CBS118892 the slowest. We also compared different media for conidia production and found that the highest numbers of conidia were produced when dermatophytes were grown on MAT agar. We determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of nine antifungal agents and confirmed susceptibility to antifungals commonly used as selectable markers. Finally, we tested virulence in the Galleria mellonella (wax moth) larvae model but found the results variable. These results increase our understanding of the microbiology and molecular biology of these dermatophyte strains and will be of use in advancing hypothesis-driven research about dermatophytes.
Impact of socioeconomic status on inter-racial mate selection and divorce

Abstract Four hypotheses about inter-racial marriage are tested, using matched data sets of marriage certificates and divorce records from the state of Hawaii across 14 years. The analysis focuses on the effect of race and socio-economic status, and findings suggest that couples tend to have equal status regardless of their racial origin, but high-status individuals have more choices in selecting a mate across racial groups. When marriages dissolve, inter-racial unions tend to last shorter than intra-racial unions, and high-status individuals are more likely to divorce. In conclusion, high status gives an individual more freedom in choosing a mate and in dissolving a marriage. Status is thus associated with power in making important decisions in family life.