cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Circadian Rhythm of Photoaccumulation in Paramecium bursaria

Populations of Paramecium bursaria cells display a circadian rhythm of photoac cumulation. Both Chlorella-containing cells and Chlorella-free cells exhibit this rhythm. Sev eral other species of Paramecium do not express rhythmic photoaccumulation when tested under the same conditions. In P. bursaria, photoaccumulation rhythms persist in continuous conditions (constant temperature and either continuous light or continuous darkness). The period of this rhythm is "temperature-compensated," with a Q10 of 1.10-1.12. The rhythm can be reset by pulses of light or darkness in a phase-dependent manner. Therefore, an endoge nous circadian oscillator controls photoaccumulation behavior in P. bursaria.
Planar GaAs nanowire tri-gate MOSFETs by vapor–liquid–solid growth

Depletion-mode metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) with GaAs planar nanowire (NW) channels are successfully demonstrated. The Si-doped planar GaAs NWs are grown in a selective lateral epitaxy manner via Au-assisted vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism. A SiO2 interlayer between the multi-faceted NW and Al2O3 high-k dielectric formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) improves the NW MOSFET performance.
Discovery of multi-dimensional modules by integrative analysis of cancer genomic data

Recent technology has made it possible to simultaneously perform multi-platform genomic profiling (e.g. DNA methylation (DM) and gene expression (GE)) of biological samples, resulting in so-called ‘multi-dimensional genomic data’. Such data provide unique opportunities to study the coordination between regulatory mechanisms on multiple levels. However, integrative analysis of multi-dimensional genomics data for the discovery of combinatorial patterns is currently lacking. Here, we adopt a joint matrix factorization technique to address this challenge. This method projects multiple types of genomic data onto a common coordinate system, in which heterogeneous variables weighted highly in the same projected direction form a multi-dimensional module (md-module). Genomic variables in such modules are characterized by significant correlations and likely functional associations. We applied this method to the DM, GE, and microRNA expression data of 385 ovarian cancer samples from the The Cancer Genome Atlas project. These md-modules revealed perturbed pathways that would have been overlooked with only a single type of data, uncovered associations between different layers of cellular activities and allowed the identification of clinically distinct patient subgroups. Our study provides an useful protocol for uncovering hidden patterns and their biological implications in multi-dimensional ‘omic’ data.
Gender and Physical Therapy Career Success Factors

Background and Purpose. Gender and profession are thought to affect how career success is perceived as well as how it is achieved. This study investigated items considered important in defining career success for male and female physical therapists. The study also explored the relationship among gender, beliefs about career success, and career experiences. Subjects and Methods. Data were obtained through an investigator-developed survey. The self-report questionnaire consisted of 78 items in 4 areas: descriptive information, items important in characterizing career success, items perceived to enhance or inhibit career success, and items assessing self-esteem. Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of active physical therapist members of the American Physical Therapy Association (N=5,000). The response rate was 38.1% (n=1,906). Results. Both men and women selected indicators such as practicing ethically, improving patient health, and feeling satisfied over high income or status when describing career success. All respondents agreed that clinical competency and motivation are key factors related to achieving career success. Family issues, full-time employment, and flexibility of practice conditions emerged as primary gender differences. Conclusion and Discussion. A unique set of indicators describe physical therapy career success. Gender differences in its description and factors that influence its achievement are related primarily to family issues. Career success for women depends to a greater degree on the ability to manage family responsibilities in conjunction with employment opportunities.
Abnormal responses to aspirin of leukocyte oxygenation of arachidonic acid in adults with aspirin intolerance

Abstract The effect of 1 μ and 5 μ aspirin on oxygenation of arachidonic acid in vitro by basophils stimulated with anti-IgE was assessed with basophil-enriched suspensions of mononuclear leukocytes from five patients with asthma and hypertrophic allergic rhinitis and one patient with rhinitis alone who had recent adverse pulmonary reactions to aspirin, four aspirin-tolerant patients with asthma receiving therapy similar to that of the aspirin-sensitive patients, and eight normal subjects who resembled the patients with respect to sex and age. As quantified by the combined application of high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassays, the generation of the principal products prostaglandin E 2 (PGEZ 2 ) and leukotriene D 4 was modified differently by aspirin but not sodium salicylate in the aspirin-sensitive patients. The alterations of PGE 2 generation and of the ratio of leukotriene D 4 to PGE 2 generation by aspirin were much greater for basophil-containing leukocytes of aspirin-sensitive patients than those of the nvo control groups. Although the basic mechanism and relevance to pulmonary reactions 9f the observed effects of aspirin were not elucidated, aspirin clearly modifies the leukocyte oxygenation of arachidonic acid differently in aspirin-sensitive patients.
A Power-Saving Multi-Radio Multi-Channel MAC Protocol for Wireless Local Area Networks

Opportunistic spectrum access and adaptive power management are effective techniques to improve throughput, delay performance, and energy efficiency for wireless networks. In this paper, we consider the joint design of opportunistic spectrum access and adaptive power management under the setting of multi-radio nodes and multi-channel wireless local area networks (WLANs) under the distributed coordination function (DCF) mode. This design problem is particularly challenging due to the conflicting nature of the multi-radio capability of a node, i.e., multiple radios improve throughput and delay performance at the cost of increased energy consumption. To address this problem, we propose a power-saving multi-channel MAC protocol (PSM-MMAC), which is capable of reducing the collision probability and the waiting time in the ‘awake’ state of a node, resulting in improved throughput, delay performance, and energy efficiency. The key ideas of PSM-MMAC are the following: we first estimate the number of active links; given this estimation as well as queue lengths and channel conditions, we appropriately select channels, radios, and power states (i.e., awake or doze state); then we optimize the medium access probability in p-persistent CSMA used in the data exchange. Another contribution of this paper is an analytical model that characterizes the throughput performance. Simulation results validate the accuracy of our analytical model and show that our proposed protocol is able to significantly improve both throughput and energy efficiency.
Deaf College Students’ Perceptions of Their Social-Emotional Adjustment

This study examined differences between deaf and hearing students' perceptions of their social emotional adjustment as they transition to college. The 16PF-Adolescent Personality Questionnaire Life Difficulties Scale was completed by 205 deaf students and 185 hearing students. A multivariate analyses of variance and subsequent univariate tests found that deaf students rated themselves as experiencing significantly higher home life difficulties than hearing students, and deaf students rated themselves as having fewer coping difficulties than hearing students. Results also revealed a hearing status by gender interaction with deaf females rating themselves significantly higher on worry than deaf males, hearing females, and hearing males. An exploratory factor analysis of the Life Difficulties subscales yielded three factors of life difficulties for deaf college students but only two factors for hearing college students. These findings suggest that there are differences between deaf and hearing students who are transitioning to college with regards to their social-emotional adjustment.
Domesticating gender: Neolithic patterns from the southern Levant

This paper examines the extant evidence regarding gender reconstructions and relations for the Neolithic of the southern Levant of southwest Asia. Data from human skeletal remains, mortuary contexts, architecture, and figurative art provide the empirical bases for a broad assessment of gender in the realms of productive labor, social organization, and ideology. Overall, little evidence is found to support that Neolithic societies in this region were organized hierarchically in terms of gender.
Fundamental Analysis of the Impacts Relative Permeability has on \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) Saturation Distribution and Phase Behavior

A critical aspect of geologic carbon storage, a carbon-emissions reduction method under extensive review and testing, is the ability to simulate multiphase \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) flow and transport. Relative permeability is a flow parameter particularly critical for accurate forecasting of multiphase behavior of \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) in the subsurface. Specifically, for clastic formations, small-scale (cm) bedding planes can have a significant impact on multiphase \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\)-brine fluid flow, depending on the relative permeability relationship assumed. Such small-scale differences in permeability attributable to individual bedding planes may also have a substantial impact on predicted \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) storage capacity and long-term plume migration behavior. A major goal of this study was to evaluate and calibrate relative permeability models against experimental data to improve simulation capability. We analyzed previously published laboratory-scale measurements of relative permeability of Berea sandstone, and developed a corresponding 3-D simulation model calibrated with those measurements. The simulation model was created in the TOUGHREACT reactive transport simulator, and we elucidated best-fit relative permeability formulations to match the experimental data. Among several functions evaluated, best-fit between simulation results and experimental observations was achieved with a calibrated van Genuchten–Mualem formulation. To extend the analysis to a more heterogeneous medium, we applied the best-fit relative permeability formulations to a new model of a small-scale Navajo Sandstone reservoir. The model was one cubic meter in size, with eight individual lithofacies of differing permeability, gridded to mimic small-scale bedding planes. For this model we assumed that each lithofacies exhibits its own random permeability field. We then evaluated four different relative permeability functions to quantify their impact on flow results for each model, with all other parameters maintained uniform and constant. Results of this analysis suggest that \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) plume movement and behavior are significantly dependent on the specific relative permeability formulation assigned, including the assumed irreducible saturation values of \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) and brine. More specifically, different relative permeability formulations translate to significant differences in \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) saturation profile and phase behavior.
Serotonin receptor 1c gene assigned to X chromosome in human (band q24) and mouse (bands D-F4)

In the mammalian nervous system, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) binds to distinct cell surface receptor subtypes that are defined by their ligand binding and effector-coupling properties. The 5HT1c receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor that stimulates phospholipase C-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, leading to the mobilization of intracellular calcium and to the activation of protein kinase C. By using somatic cell hybrid analysis and FISH, we have mapped the HTR1C locus to the human X chromosome, band q24 and to the mouse X chromosome region D-F4. Comparison of these map positions offers new insights into the evolution of human and murine X chromosomes. Since HTR1C is expressed in certain parts of the central nervous system and abnormal function of the serotoninergic system has been implicated in affective disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and epilepsy, establishing the precise map position of HTR1C is an important first step toward evaluating this locus as a candidate for mutations in these syndromes and in X-linked mental disorders.
Behavioral couples therapy for smoking cessation: A pilot randomized clinical trial.

Heather LaChance, Patricia A. Cioe, Erin Tooley, Suzanne M. Colby, Timothy J. OFarrell, andChristopher W. KahlerOnline First Publication, February 2, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000051CITATIONLaChance, H., Cioe, P. A., Tooley, E., Colby, S. M., OFarrell, T. J., & Kahler, C. W. (2015,February 2). Behavioral Couples Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Randomized ClinicalTrial. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. Advance online publication.http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000051
Measurement of children's exposure to pesticides: analysis of urinary metabolite levels in a probability-based sample.

The Minnesota Children’s Pesticide Exposure Study is a probability-based sample of 102 children 3‐13 years old who were monitored for commonly used pesticides. During the summer of 1997, first-morning-void urine samples (1‐3 per child) were obtained for 88% of study children and analyzed for metabolites of insecticides and herbicides: carbamates and related compounds (1NAP), atrazine (AM), malathion (MDA), and chlorpyrifos and related compounds (TCPy). TCPy was present in 93% of the samples, whereas 1-NAP, MDA, and AM were detected in 45%, 37%, and 2% of samples, respectively. Measured intrachild means ranged from 1.4 µg/L for MDA to 9.2 µg/L for TCPy, and there was considerable intrachild variability. For children providing three urine samples, geometric mean TCPy levels were greater than the detection limit in 98% of the samples, and nearly half the children had geometric mean 1-NAP and MDA levels greater than the detection limit. Interchild variability was significantly greater than intrachild variability for 1-NAP (p = 0.0037) and TCPy (p < 0.0001). The four metabolites measured were not correlated within urine samples, and children’s metabolite levels did not vary systematically by sex, age, race, household income, or putative household pesticide use. On a log scale, mean TCPy levels were significantly higher in urban than in nonurban children (7.2 vs. 4.7 µg/L; p = 0.036). Weighted population mean concentrations were 3.9 [standard error (SE) = 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.5, 5.3] µg/L for 1-NAP, 1.7 (SE = 0.3; 95% CI, 1.1, 2.3) µg/L for MDA, and 9.6 (SE = 0.9; 95% CI, 7.8, 11) µg/L for TCPy. The weighted population results estimate the overall mean and variability of metabolite levels for more than 84,000 children in the census tracts sampled. Levels of 1-NAP were lower than reported adult reference range concentrations, whereas TCPy concentrations were substantially higher. Concentrations of MDA were detected more frequently and found at higher levels in children than in a recent nonprobability-based sample of adults. Overall, Minnesota children’s TCPy and MDA levels were higher than in recent population-based studies of adults in the United States, but the relative magnitude of intraindi
Mimicking the QCD equation of state with a dual black hole

We present numerical and analytical studies of the equation of state of translationally invariant black hole solutions to five-dimensional gravity coupled to a single scalar. As an application, we construct a family of black holes that closely mimics the equation of state of quantum chromodynamics at zero chemical potential.
Nextgen airspace security capability requirements for monitoring security airspaces

As part of its national defense and homeland security authorities and responsibilities, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) works with its security mission partners to implement various security measures, including restricting operations in specific airspace volumes. These security airspaces have associated access requirements that result in varying impacts on different National Airspace System (NAS) civil user populations. Currently, the process for monitoring compliance with various security measures is highly manual, and these restricted airspaces are for the most part not included in automated flight planning systems. This paper describes current operations related to Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs), summarizes the future airspace security concepts, and proposes how the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) capabilities may improve the flight planning process to take into account airspace security constraints, as well as potential automation capabilities that monitor for and detect security threats.
Typifications in the Genus Fossombronia (Marchantiophyta)

Abstract Lectotypes are explicitly designated for 43 taxa in the genus Fossombronia Raddi, with neotypes designated for F. mauritanica Trab. and F. pusilla var. β capitata Nees. One name, F. pumila Dumort, is regarded as an orthographic error not based upon a specimen and thus, cannot be typified. The entries are listed alphabetically, each with the correct author citation, place of publication, and the herbarium of deposit. In addition, supporting comments are given for most selections. Fossombronia caespitiformis De Not. ex Rabenh. var. multispira Schiffn. is elevated to the rank of subspecies. Images of all type specimen labels may be viewed at: http://bryophytes.plant.siu.edu/fossombronia.html
Selection of Trauma Victims for Cervical Spine Radiological Examination

Evaluation of the traumatized patient frequently involves consideration of possible cervical spine injury. When neurological deficits, unconsciousness, alcoholic intoxication, severe maxillofacial or head trauma, or local neck pain are present, it is an easy decision to obtain cervical spine x-rays. The dilemma arises in the patient without neck pain who has mild to moderate scalp or facial injuries. Such a patient usually arrives in the emergency department with a cervical collar placed by pre-hospital personnel because of the mechanism of injury and the associated head or facial soft tissue trauma. Due to the association of cervical spine fractures with “significant” facial trauma, neck x-rays have been recommended. What, however, constitutes “significant” facial trauma To delineate such facial injuries, a retrospective analysis of 30 patients with cervicalspine fractures hospitalizedin a five year period at the University of Nebraska Medical Center was performed. Seventeen patients had head, scalp or facial injuries ranging from skull fractures and scalp hematomas to minor abrasions and lacerations. To determine if cervical spine films are being over utilized, a current prospective study of patients undergoing this evaluation will be presented, detailing the facial and head injuries, location, degree of severity, and detection of cervical spine injuries.
Oxidation Studies of Carbon Nanotubes for Applications as X-Ray Field Emitters Using an Aberration-Corrected, Environmental TEM

Since their discovery in 1991 carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [1] have found an increasing number of applications, most notably as field emission electron sources in X-ray tubes for medical applications [2, 3]. In a laboratory setting, field emission measurements of CNTs are usually carried out in an ultrahigh-vacuum system with base pressure of ∼ 10-7 mbar or better. Under less stringent vacuum conditions, CNTs are found to exhibit lower emission currents and reduced lifetimes [4, 5]. Shortly after the discovery of CNTs, several groups attempted to utilize the oxidation process to manipulate their structures, for instance by opening up their terminating cap or by thinning the tubes [6, 7]. In the literature, these oxidation steps were usually performed in an external laboratory setting, and the state of the oxidized samples was surveyed a posteriori with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). However, because of their nanoscale, no direct study has been performed on the underlying mechanism of their oxidation. In this paper, we report the direct study on the structural changes in CNTs as we oxidize them in-situ using an aberration-corrected environmental TEM (ETEM). The samples were first heated to 300°C in high-vacuum and a few nanotubes were identified for tracking. Then, with the electron beam blanked, 1.5 mbar of research grade (99.9999% purity) oxygen was introduced into the ETEM for 15 min while maintaining the temperature at 300°C. At the end of this cycle, the gas was purged from the ETEM while the temperature was kept at 300°C, and the same nanotubes were imaged to identify any differences after having been exposed to oxygen. The temperature was then increased to 400°C, the oxidation process was repeated, and the same set of nanotubes was tracked and imaged at 400 °C after oxygen was purged from the system. These oxidation procedures were repeated on samples mounted on different TEM grids with start and end temperatures of 400°C and 520°C, respectively One important consideration during the oxidation experiment is the possible ionization of the gaseous species by the imaging electron beam. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of gaseous oxygen molecules on the nanotubes, rather than ionized gas species, we established a protocol whereby heating and oxidation were performed without an imaging beam, and the changes on identifiable nanotubes were documented after purging the gas from the chamber. The imaging experiments were carried out at 80kV, below the knock-on displacement energy for single-walled carbon nanotubes [8]. Our studies show that the oxidation of multiwall CNTs proceeds layer by layer, starting with the outermost wall, and not initiating at the nanotube cap, as reported previously. Nanotubes with a larger number of walls (greater than six) are found to be more resistant to oxidation, with all walls remaining intact during the ETEM experiments [9].
Syntaxin 1A is transiently expressed in fetal lung mesenchymal cells: potential developmental roles.

Lung development is a complex process in which epithelial-mesenchymal interactions play a key role. A conserved secretory apparatus, the solubleN-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein ...
Comparison of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels in artificial bilayer and patch-clamp experiments

We compared the gating, ion conduction, and pharmacology of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels (BK channels) from canine colon in artificial lipid bilayers and in excised patches. Both protocols identified 270-pS K(+)-selective channels activated by depolarization and Ca2+ (approximately 130-mV shift of half-activation voltage per 10-fold change in Ca2+) that were inhibited by extracellular tetraethylammonium (TEA) and charybdotoxin. These similarities suggest that the same BK channels are studied in the two techniques. However, we found three quantitative differences between channels in artificial bilayers and patches. 1) Channels in artificial bilayers required fivefold higher free Ca2+ or 80-mV stronger depolarization for activation. 2) The voltage dependence of TEA block was smaller for channels in artificial bilayers. The apparent distance across the membrane field for the TEA binding site was 0.031 for channels in artificial bilayers and 0.23 for channels in patches. 3) ATP (2 mM) decreased open probability (Po) of channels in artificial bilayers, whereas channels in patches were unaffected. Neither GTP nor UTP reduced Po of channels in artificial bilayers. It is possible that these differences may be due to a lack of molecular identity between the channels studied in the two protocols. Alternatively, they may be attributed to alterations in channel properties during reconstitution or to influences of the artificial lipid environment.
Unhcr's Gender Policy for Refugees and Returnees in Sierra Leone Enhancing Well-Being or Promoting Political Agency?

The challenge of ensuring the full reintegration of refugee women and returnees in post-conflict societies is an important one, yet there is gap in the literature that evaluates interventions designed to assist them. This article seeks to narrow this gap by examining the gender policy of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (unhcr) as applied to reintegration programs in Sierra Leone, particularly in Kailahun district. Using Amartya Sen’s concept of agency, the paper begins with an exploration of the pre-war status of women and girls in Sierra Leone and their marginalization in flight and exile. The paper then argues that the conceptual framework of unhcr’s Community Empowerment Projects (ceps) created a foundation for an open, democratic process that, in theory, could lead to enhanced well-being for women as beneficiaries and greater political agency for them as decision-makers. In practice, the ceps resulted in the implementation of projects that benefited women both directly and indirectly, especially in the areas of water and sanitation and education. The lack of emphasis on health projects, however, especially when compared to the strong support for rebuilding community buildings controlled by elders, shows the impact of traditional, patriarchal decision-making on the cep process. The paper further argues that special women’s centers constructed or supported by unhcr, though small in number, both enhanced the well-being of and promoted political agency for women; this intervention contributed to the high levels of females elected as local officials in Kailahun district in the 2012 elections.
No Ethnographic Playground: Mining Projects and Anthropological Politics. A Review Essay

“Mining is no ethnographic playground,” Chris Ballard and Glenn Banks warned in their 2003 review of the anthropology of mining. The deep conflicts that characterize the industry find echoes in “a parallel war of sorts …waged within the discipline about the nature and scope of appropriate forms of engagement” (p. 289). This review essay examines how authors of recent ethnographic studies of large-scale, capital-intensive mining projects in Papua New Guinea, South Africa, and the United States have politically positioned themselves as researchers, and the insights into mining companies that derive from these situated perspectives.
Information Visualizations as Complex Decision Support Systems

Older adults are faced with complex decision tasks that impose high working memory demands. A representative task is choosing a prescription drug plan from a multitude of options that must be evaluated along many factors. The combined effect of the quantity of complex information, and reduced working memory capacity puts older adults at a disadvantage. However, research with younger adults suggests that the working memory burden of decision tasks can be reduced using well-designed graphic decision aids. The current study examines the feasibility of using information visualizations as a decision support system for complex decision tasks. Findings from this study will be used to make recommendations for visualizations as complex decision support systems.
Conferences as a Vehicle for Collaborative Discovery and Innovation

Despite having a long tradition and over 25,000 yearly scientific conferences organized within the US alone, to the best of our knowledge little quantitative work has been performed to rigorously a...
A Pragmatic Approach to Data Networks in Media Production

The need for a viable data networking solution in production has never been greater. The requirements to handle more production formats and metadata combined with the relentless drive for efficiency is placing the current video infrastructure under pressure. Fast data networks are increasingly available and potentially help solve many problems. To gain the maximum benefit from mainstream network technology, it is important that the production environment understands its capabilities and limitations, This paper argues that for many applications the cost and complexity of networks supporting advanced services, such as quality of service, is not warranted and its benefit is outweighed by the interoperability and affordability of simpler solutions. The availability of general purpose high-bandwidth, low-latency networks with good vendor support will prove invaluable to the production system designer.
Particle-Based Flow Visualization

Several methods of flow measurement and flow visualization rely on the use of particulates to mark the fluid and make its motion visible, thereby rendering it amenable to optical study. In comparison to molecular markers like dyes, particle offer the unique capability of marker very small points in space which remain small and do not diffuse. In general, particle-based methods such as laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) have been developed to a high degree, and they are used widely, especially for quantitative measurements. The properties of the particles must be managed correctly if the particle-based measurements are to be of the highest quality. The particles must follow the fluid motion accurately, they must scatter adequate light to produce high signal-to-noise ratio, and they must produce uniform, repeatable.
Expanding CT Application to Myocardial Tissue Characterization

Computed tomography (CT) has evolved into a powerful diagnostic tool, and since the advent of 64-detector row scanners, it has been demonstrated as a promising noninvasive method for coronary artery stenosis imaging [(1)][1]. Although the basic physical principle of CT is unidimensional, a function
Late development of intractable ventricular tachycardia after acute myocardial infarction

Four cases are reported in which medically refractory and ultimately fatal ventricular tachycardia developed relatively late during hospital convalescence from acute myocardial infarction. All 4 had tachycardia refractory to combinations of antiarrhythmic agents, and they required almost continuous ventricular defibrillation. Mechanical circulatory assistance (Avco intra-aortic balloon pumping) proved ineffective in controlling the recurrent arrhythmias. Emergency cardiac catheterization performed in 3 patients and postmortem examination in the fourth patient demonstrated the following: (1) complete occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery near its origin and diffuse circumflex obstruction; (2) extensive myocardial infarction involving two thirds of the anterior wall; and (3) ventricular ejection fractions of less than 25 per cent. Emergency surgery also proved ineffective in 2 patients. These findings suggest that recurrent ventricular tachycardia developing late in the course of recovery from an acute myocardial infarction is an ominous prognostic sign in patients such as these. Mechanical circulatory assistance in combination with various antiarrhythmic agents appears to be of little benefit in controlling this type of ventricular arrhythmia.
Insights in public health: the tobacco settlement special fund: how investments in prevention save lives and dollars.

It's been fifteen years since our state began using Tobacco Settlement Special Funds (TSSF) for smoking and chronic disease prevention. While TSSF funding for prevention has been drastically reduced during this period, Hawai‘i's achievements in both cost savings and health outcomes are proof of what we have always known: Prevention saves lives and is a smart investment.
Thrombin inhibition enhances tissue-type plasminogen activator-induced thrombolysis and delays reocclusion

The objectives of this study were to test the hypotheses that thrombin inhibitors 1) enhance tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)-induced coronary thrombolysis and 2) prevent or delay coronary artery reocclusion. Seventy-one dogs developed occlusive coronary thrombi after introducing a copper coil into the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Coronary blood flows were monitored by an externally positioned pulsed Doppler flow probe. t-PA was given with or without heparin at different times after LAD occlusions. In some experiments, hirugen, a synthetic hirudin-based peptide and specific thrombin inhibitor, was given as 4 mg/kg i.v. bolus and 3 mg.kg-1.h-1 i.v. infusion at 30 min after LAD occlusion with t-PA and a bolus of heparin. Thrombolysis times were significantly shorter in t-PA- and heparin-treated dogs than in dogs treated with t-PA alone. Reocclusion times were significantly longer in t-PA- and heparin-treated dogs than in dogs treated with t-PA alone. Continuous heparin infusions prolonged reocclusion times to greater than 180 min in all treated dogs. The addition of hirugen to t-PA plus one bolus heparin prolonged reocclusion times to 90 +/- 6 min in dogs with 30-min thrombi. Thus heparin enhances t-PA-induced thrombolysis and delays reocclusion. Addition of a specific thrombin inhibitor, such as hirugen, to heparin enhances its effect on delaying reocclusion.
W.E.B. Dubois

The Negro problem, it has often been said, is largely a problem of ignorance – not simply of illiteracy issues, but a deeper ignorance of the world and its ways, of the thought and experience of men, an ignorance of self and the possibilities of human souls.
Trends in Fidelis Lead Survival Transition From an Exponential to Linear Pattern of Lead Failure Over Time

Background— The Sprint Fidelis implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead was recalled in 2007 because of an elevated risk of lead fracture. Several studies have demonstrated an accelerating risk of lead failure over time. We sought to identify predictors and characterize trends of Fidelis lead failure. Methods and Results— We evaluated 604 Fidelis leads with ≥90 days of follow-up implanted at our institution. Fidelis lead survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Analysis of log-log plots of cumulative hazard plots was performed to assess changes in lead failure rate over time. During follow-up of 3.3±1.7 years, 51 (8.4%) Fidelis lead failures were identified. The 3-year and 5-year Fidelis lead survival rates were 93.5% and 85.3%, respectively. Female sex was the only significant predictor of lead failure (heart rate, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1–3.9; P <0.0001). The rate of lead failure initially increased exponentially with a power of 2.3 (95% CI, 2.22–2.43; P <0.0001). However, log-log analysis of cumulative hazard for leads functioning at 2 and 4 years revealed a stable rate of failure of 4.5%/year. Mathematical modeling of the Fidelis lead failure demonstrated a transition from an exponential to linear pattern of lead failure at 2.9 years. Conclusions— After 3 years, failure rates of Fidelis leads stabilize but at a significantly elevated rate. Female sex is associated with a doubling of the risk of Fidelis lead failure. These findings have implications for Fidelis lead management decisions that are based on the prediction of lead failure risk.
An investigation into the dispersion of ocean surface waves in sea ice

This investigation considers theoretical models and empirical studies related to the dispersion of ocean surface gravity waves propagating in ice covered seas. In theory, wave dispersion is related to the mechanical nature of the ice. The change of normalized wavenumber is shown for four different dispersion models: the mass-loading model, an elastic plate model, an elastic plate model extended to include dissipation, and a viscous-layer model. For each dispersion model, model parameters are varied showing the dependence of deviation from open water dispersion on ice thickness, elasticity, and viscosity. In all cases, the deviation of wavenumber from the open water relation is more pronounced for higher frequencies. The effect of mass loading, a component of all dispersion models, tends to shorten the wavelength. The Voigt model of dissipation in an elastic plate model does not change the wavelength. Elasticity in the elastic plate model and viscosity in the viscous-layer model tend to increase the wavelength. The net effect, lengthening or shortening, is a function of the particular combination of ice parameters and wave frequency. Empirical results were compiled and interpreted in the context of these theoretical models of dispersion. A synopsis of previous measurements is as follows: observations in a loose pancake ice in the marginal ice zone, often, though not always, showed shortened wavelengths. Both lengthening and shortening have been observed in compact pancakes and pancakes in brash ice. Quantitative matches to the flexural-gravity model have been found in Arctic interior pack ice and sheets of fast ice.
Outcomes of Kidney Transplant Recipients With Percutaneous Ureteral Interventions: A Single-Center Study.

BACKGROUND Long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation recipients with percutaneous ureteral management of transplant ureteral complications are not well characterized. METHODS Electronic records of 1753 recipients of kidney-alone transplant between January 2000 and December 2008 were reviewed. One hundred thirty-one patients were identified to have undergone percutaneous ureteral management, with placement of percutaneous nephrostomy tube or additional intervention (nephroureteral stenting and/or balloon dilation). Indications for intervention included transplant ureteral stricture or ureteral leak. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable regression modeling were performed to determine survival outcomes. RESULTS Kaplan- Meier graft survival (P = 0.04) was lower in patients with percutaneous ureteral intervention for transplant ureteral complication. Graft survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 94.3% 78.3%, and 59.1% for no intervention and 97.2%, 72.1%, and 36.2% for intervention cohort. Patient survival (P = 0.69) was similar between cohorts. Multivariate analysis demonstrated no association with graft failure (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-2.19; P = 0.53) or patient death (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-1.41; P = 0.22) in intervention group. The major cause of graft failure was infection for percutaneous ureteral intervention group (20.4%) and chronic rejection for those without intervention (17.3%). CONCLUSIONS Kidney transplant recipients with percutaneous ureteral interventions for ureteral complications do not have a significant difference in graft and patient survival outcomes. Therefore, aggressive nonoperative management can be confidently pursued in the appropriate clinical setting.
‘What do you notice?’ Parent guidance of preschoolers’ inquiry in activities at home

ABSTRACTThe present study examined parental guidance of young children’s inquiry during joint interactions in the home environment. Half of the parents received inquiry-based guidance instructions, encouraging their children to observe, question, predict, and evaluate; the control group received no information about guidance. Thirty-two families were observed in their homes, conducting an initial paw print matching activity and a seed sorting activity one month later. The results indicated that although all parents provided significant support for science and mathematics, parents who received inquiry guidance instructions facilitated children’s complex reasoning through support of advanced inquiry processes such as comparing, predicting, and evaluating. The findings provide evidence that parents can be encouraged to support young children’s inquiry learning through simple methods of instruction and highlight the need for coordination between early childhood educational and home contexts to support prescho...
State of Knowledge for Cantabro Testing of Dense Graded Asphalt

AbstractThis paper uses information collected over several years to determine where the Cantabro test usefully characterizes dense graded asphalt (DGA). The Cantabro mass loss (CML) procedure is si...
New Beginning Movement: Coordinating Council of Revolutionary Alternatives for Trinidad and the Caribbean

This chapter charts the New Beginning Movement (NBM) (1971–1978) in Trinidad and its function as a voice of direct democracy and workers self-management through popular assemblies and a global coordinating council of a Pan-Caribbean International with linkages across the region, in Britain, the United States and Canada. A crucial philosophical and strategic leaven in the 1970 Black Power Revolt led by Geddes Granger’s and Dave Darbeau’s National Joint Action Committee (NJAC) and the 1975 United Labour Front (ULF) in Trinidad, NBM aspired to interpret Afro-Trinidadians and Indo-Trinidadians equally, and on their own autonomous terms, lead them toward self-directed emancipation. Led by Bukka Rennie, Wally Look Lai, and Franklyn Harvey, NBM was inspired by C.L.R. James’s intellectual legacies.
The new mobility paradigm in modern sociology

The paper offers a review of mobilities' research in classical sociology and at its disciplinary borders. Differentiation of the new mobilities paradigm from prior approaches to globalization, nomadism, and flows is demonstrated, key spheres of research - mobilities system, mobilities capital, mobilities justice, space-movement are outlined. The paper concludes with an appeal to elaborate emergent vital sociology sensitive to its own autopoiesis
Mechanism of OmpG pH-dependent gating from loop ensemble and single channel studies

Outer membrane protein G (OmpG) from Escherichia coli has exhibited pH-dependent gating that can be employed by bacteria to alter the permeability of their outer membranes in response to environmental changes. We developed a computational model, Protein Topology of Zoetic Loops (Pretzel), to investigate the roles of OmpG extracellular loops implicated in gating. The key interactions predicted by our model were verified by single-channel recording data. Our results indicate that the gating equilibrium is primarily controlled by an electrostatic interaction network formed between the gating loop and charged residues in the lumen. The results shed light on the mechanism of OmpG gating and will provide a fundamental basis for the engineering of OmpG as a nanopore sensor. Our computational Pretzel model could be applied to other outer membrane proteins that contain intricate dynamic loops that are functionally important.
The Contribution of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans to the Inflation Response of the Human Optic Nerve Head.

Purpose In this study, we measured the effect of the removal of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) on the pressure-induced strains of the human lamina cribrosa (LC). Methods We applied an ex vivo inflation method to measure the three-dimensional (3D) deformation response of six human LCs to pressure, before and after the degradation of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates. The experiment used a laser-scanning microscope (LSM) to acquire the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal of the collagen structure in the LC. Digital volume correlation (DVC) was used to calculate the deformation in the LC after a change in pressure from 5 to 45 mm Hg. Results The average strains between 5 and 45 mm Hg in the LC decreased significantly after sGAG degradation (P ≤ 0.03), with the greatest change occurring in regions of previously high strain (P ≤ 0.003) and the peripheral regions of the LC (P ≤ 0.02). The stiffening effect was greater in the LC of middle-aged (42-49 years) donors compared with those of older (64-88 years) donors (P < 0.0001). Conclusions The LC experienced less strain at the same pressures after most sGAGs were removed. These results suggest that the natural decrease in sGAGs within the LC with age may contribute to the stiffer inflation response of older LC to IOP. Likewise, the increase in the amount of sGAGs observed in the LC of glaucomatous eyes, may contribute to a more compliant LC, which may affect the susceptibility and progression of axon damage.
Recommendations for In Situ and Remote Sensing Capabilities in Atmospheric Convection and Turbulence

AbstractRecommendations are presented for in situ and remote sensing instruments and capabilities needed to advance the study of convection and turbulence in the atmosphere. These recommendations e...
Homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn Magnetization Transfer: New One- and Two-Dimensional NMR Methods for Structure Determination and Spectral Assignment

The idea of two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform NMR, first introduced by Jeener (1) has proven to be very powerful for analyzing the NMR spectra of compounds of high complexity. The general theory of 2D NMR was described by Aue et al. (2) in 1976, and has provided the theoretical basis for the development of a large number of new one- and two-dimensional pulse schemes. Nonetheless, the pulse scheme originally proposed by Jeener, and described in great detail by Aue et al. is currently still one of the most widely used 2D methods. Some minor modifications have been made to this experiment to facilitate data handling and processing (3,4) and to enhance the resolution by recording double quantum filtered absorption mode spectra (5,6). Jeener’s experiment is generally referred to as the COSY (Correlated Spectroscopy) method, and has been applied to a variety of problems, varying from small organic molecules to biological macromolecules. The COSY spectrum displays the presence of scalar coupling between coupled spins A and X by the presence of a so-called cross peak centered about the frequency coordinates (F1,F2) = (v A,v X) and (v X,v A), where v A and v X are the chemical shift frequencies of spins A and, X respectively.