cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Orientation embedding of signed graphs

A signed graph Σ consists of a graph and a sign labeling of its edges. A polygon in Σ is “balanced” if its sign product is positiive. A signed graph is “orientatio embedded” in a surface if it is topologically embedded and a polygon is balanced precisely when traveling once around it preserves orientation. We explore the extension to orientation embedding of the ordinary theory of graph embedding. Let d(Σ) be the demigenus (= 2 - x(S)) of the unique smallest surface S in which Σ has an orientation embedding. Our main results are an easy one, that if Σ has connected components Σ1, Σ[2], , then d(Σ) = d(Σ1) + , and a hard one, that if Σ has a cut vertex v that splits Σ into Σ1, Σ2, , then d(Σ) = d(Σ1) + d(Σ2) + -δ, where δ depends on the number of Σi in which v is “loopable”, that is, in which d(Σi) = d(Σi with a negative loop added to v). This is as with ordinary orientable grpah embedidng except for the existence of the term δ in the cut-vertex formula. Since loopability is crucial, we give some partial criteria for it. (A complete characterization seems difficult.) We conclude with an application to forbidden subgraphs and minors for orientation embeddability in a given surface. © 1929 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Otitis media in low-birth-weight infants.

In a prospective study, 3 of 127 premature infants (2.36 per cent) were found to have otitis media while in the nursery. Follow-up over a 14 to 18 month period revealed that each child developed persistent middle ear disease. The results of this study indicate that otitis media in newborn infants can be diagnosed by routine examination of the tympanic membranes and suggest that neonates found to have middle ear disease are at greater risk of subsequent ear disease.
Q¯ modes in the Quark-Gluon Plasma

We study the evolution of heavy quarkonium states with temperature in a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) by evaluating an in-medium Q \( \bar Q \) T-matrix within a reduced Bethe-Salpeter equation in S- and P-wave channels. The interaction kernel is extracted from finite-temperature QCD lattice calculations of the singlet free energy of a Q \( \bar Q \) pair. Quarkonium bound states are found to gradually move across the Q \( \bar Q \) threshold after which they rapidly dissolve in the hot system. We calculate Euclidean-time correlation functions and compare to results from lattice QCD. We also study finite-width effects in the heavy-quark propagators.
Validation of computational methods for triglyceride composition of fats and oils by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry

A computer method for predicting triglyceride composition of fats and oils from fatty acid composition is described. The results of the method are compared with results of analyses performed by liquid chromatography (LC) and desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry. An LC column technology is also described which provides a simple separation of triglycerides according to the equivalent carbon number of the triglyceride.
Cytotoxicity of organic surface coating agents used for nanoparticles synthesis and stability

Impact on health by nanomaterials has become a public concern with the great advances of nanomaterials for various applications. Surface coating agents are an integral part of nanoparticles, but not enough attention has been paid during toxicity tests of nanoparticles. As a result, there are inconsistent toxicity results for certain nanomaterials. In this study, we explored the cytotoxicity of eleven commonly used surface coating agents in two cell lines, human epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT) and lung fibroblast (CRL-1490) cells, at surface coating agent concentrations of 3, 10, 30, and 100 μM. Two exposure time points, 2 h and 24 h, were employed for the study. Six of the eleven surface coating agents are cytotoxic, especially those surfactants with long aliphatic chains, both cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, oleylamine, tetraoctylammonium bromide, and hexadecylamine) and anionic (sodium dodecylsulfate). In addition, exposure time and the use of different cell lines also affect the cytotoxicity results. Therefore, factors such as cell lines used and exposure times must be considered when conducting toxicity tests or comparing cytotoxicity results.
Effects of Anticipated Interaction, Sex, and Homosexual Stereotypes on First Impressions1

The effects of anticipated interaction on liking were examined, with the person being evaluated sometimes being presented as a member of a negatively stereotyped group. The stereotype studied was that associated with male homosexuals. The standard effect of anticipated interaction causing increased liking was obtained when females rated either a homosexual or a non- homosexual male and when males rated a nonhomosexual male. When males anticipated interacting with a homosexual male, however, they rated him less favorably than did males who did not anticipate interacting with him. It was also found that both males and females liked the stimulus person less and attributed stereotypic traits to him more when he was homosexual than when he was not. These latter effects were stronger for males than for females.
Photosensitivity during EEG in epileptics and in oligophrenics with rare attacks

Es wird uber die Ergebnisse der Photostimulation des EEG bei 1106 Epileptikern berichtet. Nur 82 Epileptiker (7,4%) reagierten mit Krampfpotentialen auf den intermittierenden Lichtreiz, die Kinder etwas haufiger als die Erwachsenen.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: 5 years later

There is now considerable interest in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) because it can be treated effectively with a targeted molecular agent. The majority of GISTs contain an activating mutation in the KIT protooncogene or, occasionally, in the platelet-derived growth factor-alpha (PDGFRA) gene. Five years ago, imatinib mesylate, a specific molecular inhibitor of the protein products of these 2 genes, was applied to metastatic GIST. Approximately 80% of patients with metastatic GIST benefit from imatinib, although acquired resistance to the agent may develop. For patients with primary GIST, surgery remains the treatment of choice, and whether outcome is improved by adjuvant imatinib is currently under broad investigation. A combination of imatinib therapy and surgery also may be effective in a subset of patients with metastatic or unresectable primary GIST. In this review, the authors summarize the new multimodality approach to GIST. The integration of surgery and molecular therapy in GIST will serve as a prototype for the management of other solid tumors for which targeted agents become available.
Density functional theory predictions for the binding of transition metal cations to pi systems: from acetylene to coronene and tribenzocyclyne

Abstract The Becke-3 Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) density functional is employed in the determination of the structures, binding energies, and vibrational frequencies for the complexes of water, acetylene, ethylene, benzene, C12H6, coronene, and tribenzocyclyne with the first row transition metal cations from Ti through Cu. For the smaller ligands, comparison with the available experimental and theoretical data delineates the accuracy of the B3LYP functional for this type of complex. For acetylene and ethylene, new coupled cluster results provide supplementary comparisons. The B3LYP binding energies are generally within 5 kcal/mol of the corresponding coupled cluster single double (triple) and experimental estimates. The metal coronene binding energies are on average 5 kcal/mol greater than those for the metal benzenes, due simply to the increased polarizability of the ligand. In contrast, the metal ions are much more strongly bound to tribenzocyclyne and C12H6 than to either benzene or coronene (e.g. by 50 kcal/mol). This enhanced binding is related to the large central cavity, which allows for a closer approach of the metal ion to the ligand plane. In fact, the Ni and Cu ions insert directly into the cavity, forming a planar complex, in reasonable agreement with the postulates of an experimental study of Dunbar and co-workers [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 12477].
Behavioral Toxicology of Organic Solvents. II. Comparison of Results on Toluene by Flow-Through and Closed Chamber Procedures:

Concentration-effect curves for behavioral toxicity of toluene have been determined in 10 mice by a flow-through procedure. The mean of the estimates of concentrations of toluene which reduce responding by 50% is 2329 ppm and by 10% is 1523 ppm. The results are compared with previous determinations that used a closed-chamber procedure. The values then were 1806 ppm and 1299 ppm. The difference in the 2 estimates would have no appreciable effect on decisions on permissible concentrations based on the estimates so the greater simplicity of the closed-chamber method makes it worthy of consideration for routine purposes.
CD8+ T cells specific for the androgen receptor are common in patients with prostate cancer and are able to lyse prostate tumor cells

The androgen receptor (AR) is a hormone receptor that plays a critical role in prostate cancer, and depletion of its ligand has long been the cornerstone of treatment for metastatic disease. Here, we evaluate the AR ligand-binding domain (LBD) as an immunological target, seeking to identify HLA-A2-restricted epitopes recognized by T cells in prostate cancer patients. Ten AR LBD-derived, HLA-A2-binding peptides were identified and ranked with respect to HLA-A2 affinity and were used to culture peptide-specific T cells from HLA-A2+ prostate cancer patients. These T-cell cultures identified peptide-specific T cells specific for all ten peptides in at least one patient, and T cells specific for peptides AR805 and AR811 were detected in over half of patients. Peptide-specific CD8+ T-cell clones were then isolated and characterized for prostate cancer cytotoxicity and cytokine expression, identifying that AR805 and AR811 CD8+ T-cell clones could lyse prostate cancer cells in an HLA-A2-restricted fashion, but only AR811 CTL had polyfunctional cytokine expression. Epitopes were confirmed using immunization studies in HLA-A2 transgenic mice, in which the AR LBD is an autologous antigen with an identical protein sequence, which showed that mice immunized with AR811 developed peptide-specific CTL that lyse HLA-A2+ prostate cancer cells. These data show that AR805 and AR811 are HLA-A2-restricted epitopes for which CTL can be commonly detected in prostate cancer patients. Moreover, CTL responses specific for AR811 can be elicited by direct immunization of A2/DR1 mice. These findings suggest that it may be possible to elicit an anti-prostate tumor immune response by augmenting CTL populations using AR LBD-based vaccines.
Organic chemistry: a tuxedo for iodine atoms.

Iodine atoms can be fitted with a chemical jacket to control the conversion of simple carbon chains into complex iodine-containing molecules. Previously, such reactions were only possible with enzymes.
Teaching with Wikipedia and other Wikimedia foundation wikis

Wikipedia and other wikis operated by the Wikimedia Foundation are finding increasing applications in teaching and learning. This workshop will demonstrate how teachers from academia and beyond can use those wikis in their courses. Wikipedia can be used for various assignments: for example, students can be asked to reference an unreferenced article or create a completely new one. Students can also work on creating a free textbook on Wikibooks, learn about journalism on Wikinews or engage in variety of media-related projects on Commons. In doing so, students will see that writing an article and related assignments are not a 'tedious assignment' but activities that millions do 'for fun'. They will also gain a deeper understanding of what Wikipedia is, and how (un)reliable it can be. They and the course leaders are assisted by a lively, real world community. Last, but not least, their work will also benefit -- and be improved upon -- by the entire world.The workshop will focus on English Wikipedia, the most popular WMF wiki with regards to where the teaching assignments are taking place, but will also discuss the educational opportunities on other WMF wikis, such as Wikibooks. An overview of the Wikipedia School and University Project will be presented. There will be a discussion of Wikipedia policies related to teaching assignments, and a presentation of tools developed to make teaching with Wikipedia easier. The participants will see what kind of assignments can be done on Wikipedia (from learning simple wiki editing skills, through the assignments designed to teach students about proper referencing and sources reliability, to writing paper assignments with the goal of developing Good and Featured Articles), and how they can be implemented most easily and efficiently, avoiding common pitfalls and dealing with common problems (such as how to avoid having your students' articles deleted minutes after creation).Finally, the participants will be given an opportunity to create a draft syllabus for a future course they may want to teach on a WMF wiki (bringing your laptops for that part is highly recommended).
Extracting sovereignty: Capital, territory, and gold mining in Tanzania

Abstract In contemporary discussions of “resource nationalism,” sovereignty is often imagined as the exclusive control of national states over internal resources in opposition to external foreign capital. In this paper, we seek to draw attention to the specifically national territorial forms of sovereignty that – rather than hindering the flow of capital – become constitutive to the accumulation of resource wealth by states and capital alike. Drawing from political geographical theorizations of sovereignty, we argue that resource sovereignty cannot be territorially circumscribed within national space and institutionally circumscribed within the state apparatus. Rather, sovereignty must be understood in relational terms to take into account the global geography of non-state actors that shape access to and control over natural resources. Specifically, we engage national-scale state sovereignty over subterranean mineral resources in the form of legal property regimes and examine the mutually constitutive set of interdependencies between mining capital and landlord states in the accumulation of resource wealth. Using Tanzania as a case study, we argue that national-scale ownership of subterranean mineral resources has been critical to attracting global flows of mining capital from colonial to contemporary times. We first examine the history of the colonial state in Tanganyika to illustrate how land and mineral rights were adjudicated through the power of the colonial state with the hopes of attracting foreign capital investment in the mining sector. We then examine contemporary efforts on the part of the independent United Republic of Tanzania to again enact legislation meant to attract foreign mining companies – and the consequences for local populations living near sites of extraction.
What lessons can hydraulic fracturing teach CCS about social acceptance

As with many technologies, carbon capture and storage (CCS) faces social acceptance challenges that can impact the pace of its development and deployment. Previous studies on the social acceptance of CCS have tended to rely on case studies of pilot projects or surveys of decision makers and the general public. Here, we take a different approach, using real world data about the social acceptance of hydraulic fracturing technologies to glean lessons for future carbon storage efforts. Hydraulic fracturing has many of the same operations, risks, and social narratives as carbon storage, making it a valid comparison. We conduct a statistical analysis on the relationship between various state demographic and economic factors and the stringency of state regulations governing the hydraulic fracturing industry. As a complement to this analysis, we conduct a comparative case study on the development of hydraulic fracturing regulations in New York and Pennsylvania. We find robust statistical evidence that familiarity with the oil and gas industry is associated with a decrease in regulatory variance among states where hydraulic fracturing takes place. Moreover, we identify a tension between regulatory control of hydraulic fracturing at the state level and regulatory control at the local level. This dynamic suggests that carbon storage policymakers and industrial leaders should emphasize local engagement in addition to state-level participation.
Wegener's Granulomatosis Presenting as Right Middle Lobe Obstruction

Wegener's granulomatosis may present with a variety of findings and be difficult to diagnose. We report a case of a 55-year-old woman presenting with right middle lobe obstruction who was found to have limited Wegener's granulomatosis. Extensive medical evaluation was nondiagnostic and open lung biopsy specimens were required to establish the diagnosis.
Turbulent flow of gas mixtures undergoing equilibrium and nonequilibrium reactions in a tube with surface mass transfer

Abstract A finite difference method has been developed for the solution of turbulent tube flows of effectively binary, ideal gas mixtures undergoing equilibrium or nonequilibrium chemical reactions, and with mass injection at the tube wall. Axial diffusion of mass species, momentum and thermal energy are neglected in order to yield parabolic governing conservation equations. The van Driest formulation for the eddy diffusivity has been extended to include the effects of variable properties and surface mass transfer. Computational procedures have been developed for incorporating the eddy diffusivity model into turbulent flow calculations for both internal and external boundary layer flows. The overall numerical method has been applied to flows of non-reacting air, equilibrium mixtures of N 2 O 4 and NO 2 , and nonequilibrium mixtures of NO 2 , NO and O 2 , with O 2 injection through the tube wall. Results are reported here for pressure drop, skin friction coefficient: surface heat flux and species mass transfer conductances; the agreement with available experimental data is satisfactory. The present method is demonstrated to be a significant advance over methods previously used to analyze chemically reacting turbulent tube flows.
DNA Methylation Assay for X-Chromosome Inactivation in Female Human iPS Cells

Remarkable interest in the epigenetic status of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells inspired numerous studies of their X-inactivation patterns. However, both the presence and the absence of X-inactivation have been described to date in undifferentiated iPS cells. The reasons for the discordant results between different studies are unclear, and further X-inactivation testing is warranted for all female human iPS cell lines. Some of the inconsistency in the current data most likely results from the use of different X-inactivation assays by different authors. We provide a detailed protocol for a simple, reliable and affordable X-inactivation assay based on promoter methylation and CAG-repeat polymorphism in the human androgen receptor (AR) gene at Xq11.2. This assay is commonly used in clinical genetic laboratories and we propose that it could be ideal for routine assessment and monitoring of the X-inactivation status in female human iPS cell lines.
Effect of maternal ω3 fatty acid supplementation on infant allergy.

The prevalence of atopic disease has steadily increased over the past half century, reaching epidemic proportions in the last several years. The underlying cause is unknown but likely due to a complex interaction of many factors.1–5 The increase does seem to follow a geographic pattern of industrialization and is inconsistent with an underlying genetic cause. As the prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other inflammatory disorders have increased in parallel with that of atopic disease, we hypothesize that nutritional intake is also influencing the development of allergic sensitization.6 As it has drastically changed over the past 20 years, the consumption of dietary fatty acids has been studied as a cause of many of these inflammatory disorders; however, the effect on the development of atopic disease remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the role of the long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, (n-3 PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid, (EPA) supplementation during pregnancy on the development of atopic disease, particularly food allergy and eczema. In order to achieve this aim, a review of the literature was performed that revealed three randomized controlled trials which examined the development of food allergy and eczema after n-3 PUFA supplementation during pregnancy. The results of these studies were then applied to Hennekens’ criteria, which uses chance, bias, confounding, strength of association, biologic plausibility, consistency, temporality, and dose-response to attempt to establish causation.
Micro-stress prediction in composite laminates with high stress gradients

The objective of this research is to develop a macroscopic theory, which can provide the connection between macromechanics and micro-mechanics in characterizing the micro-stress of composite laminates in regions of high macroscopic stress gradients. The micro-polar theory, a class of higher-order elasticity theory, of composite laminate mechanics is implemented in a well-known Pipes–Pagano free edge boundary problem. The micro-polar homogenization method to determine the micro-polar anisotropic effective elastic moduli is presented. A displacement-based finite element method based on micro-polar theory in anisotropic solids is developed in analyzing composite laminates. The effects of fiber volume fraction and cell size on the normal stress along the artificial interface resulting from ply homogenization of the composite laminate are also investigated. The stress response based on micro-polar theory is compared with those deduced from the micro-mechanics and classical elasticity theory. Special attention of the investigation focuses on the stress fields near the free edge where the high macro-stress gradient occurs. The normal stresses along the artificial interface and especially, the micro-stress along the fiber/matrix interface on the critical cell near the free edge where the high macro-stress gradient detected are the focus of this investigation. These micro-stresses are expected to dominate the failure initiation process in composite laminate. A micro-stress recovery scheme based on micro-polar analysis for the prediction of interface micro-stresses in the critical cell near the free edge is found to be in very good agreement with ‘‘exact’’ micro-stress solutions. It is demonstrated that the micro-polar theory is able to capture the micro-stress accurately from the homogenized solutions. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Retargeting Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Using Measles Virus Envelope Glycoproteins

Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has potent antitumor activity, but infects a broad range of cell types. Here, we used the measles virus (MV) hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) envelope glycoproteins to redirect VSV entry and infection specifically to tumor-associated receptors. Replication-defective VSV, deleted of its glycoprotein gene (VSVΔG), was pseudotyped with MV-F and MV-H displaying single-chain antibodies (scFv) specific for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), folate receptor (FR), or prostate membrane-specific antigen (PSMA). Viral titers were ∼10(5) PFU/ml, but could be concentrated to 10(7) PFU/ml. Immunoblotting confirmed incorporation of the MV-H-scFv and MV-F into functional VSV virions. Although VSV-G was able to infect all tumor cell lines tested, the retargeted VSV infected only cells that expressed the targeted receptor. In vivo specificities of the EGFR-, FR-, and PSMA-retargeted VSV were assessed by intratumoral injection into human tumor xenografts. Analysis of green fluorescent protein reporter gene expression indicated that VSV infection was restricted to receptor-positive tumors. In summary, we have demonstrated for the first time that VSV can be efficiently retargeted to different cellular receptors using the measles display technology, yielding retargeted VSV vectors that are highly specific for tumors that express the relevant receptor.
The effect of social selection on population dynamics of rare deleterious genes

Genetically abnormal or phenotypically affected individuals may influence the reproductive behaviour of other members in the family, regardless of their phenotype. This social selection is modelled by considering that whenever the normal individual has at least one affected member in the nuclear family the person has a reduced chance in mating success or in fertility compared to those from the normal nuclear family. The usual individual selection has also been incorporated using a single locus with two alleles. The gene frequency change is divided into two parts: the change due to individual selection and that due to social selection. It has been shown that a low mutation rate, a small population size and strong selection at both stages lower the equilibrium frequency of deleterious genes. The possibility of extending the single locus model for common diseases is also discussed.
Angiogenic Alterations Associated with Circulating Neoplastic DNA in Ovarian Carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: Forty percent of women with ovarian carcinoma have circulating free neoplastic DNA identified in plasma. Angiogenesis is critical in neoplastic growth and metastasis. We sought to determine whether circulating neoplastic DNA results from alterations in the balance of angiogenesis activators and inhibitors. METHODS: Sixty patients with invasive ovarian carcinomas with somatic TP53 mutations that had been characterized for circulating neoplastic DNA had carcinoma analyzed for microvessel density using immunohistochemistry with CD31 and for the expression of VEGF, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, PTGS2, PLAU, THBS1, CSF1, PIK3CA, HIF1A, IL8, MMP2, and MMP9 message by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of each gene was calculated relative to GAPDH expression for each neoplasm. Patient plasma had been tested for circulating neoplastic DNA using a ligase detection reaction. RESULTS: MMP2 expression was significantly correlated with free plasma neoplastic DNA (P = .007). Microvessel density was not correlated with plasma neoplastic DNA or BRCA1/2 mutation status. The expression pattern of other angiogenic factors did not correlate with plasma neoplastic DNA but correlated with each other. BRCA1/2 mutated carcinomas had significantly different expression profiles of angiogenesis activators and inhibitors in comparison to sporadic carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: MMP2 expression is associated with the presence of circulating neoplastic DNA in women with ovarian carcinoma. These data are consistent with the proinvasive properties of MMP2 and suggest that the presence of circulating neoplastic DNA indicates a more aggressive malignant phenotype. Carcinomas with germ line BRCA1/2 mutations had a lower angiogenic profile than those without mutations.
On the construction and existence of a certain class of complete diallel cross designs

In this paper the construction and existence of complete diallel cross designs as nested balanced incomplete block (BIB) designs with sub-block size two are discussed. Two simple and general methods of constructing these designs using binary pairwise balanced designs and strongly equineighboured designs are given. Also, the necessary conditions for the existence of nested BIB designs with sub-block size two and super-block size four are found to be sufficient.
SENSORY THRESHOLDS: ESTIMATION FROM DOSE‐RESPONSE CURVES

. Three methods of threshold estimation are compared for the detection of 1,8-cineole added to Concord grape juice presented in a semi-ascending paired difference design (Lundahl et al. 1986). Method A tests the significance of obtaining a nonzero response, method B determines the transition point of a 2-phase linear model fitted to the data, method C fits a logistic model to the data and defines threshold as the point of maximum curvature, Cmax, of the curve. Method A yields interval estimates of thresholds, the midpoints of which systematically decrease with increasing sample size. Methods B and C yield point estimates of thresholds which do not systematically decrease with increasing sample size, are a feature of the dose-response curve, and are similar in value to each other.
Evolutionary divergence of the mRNA transcription initiation mechanism in yeast.

The promoters of eukaryotic genes are being increasingly defined through the identification of consensus DNA sequences, by mutational analysis, and by in vitro and in vivo studies of transcription1–4. Whereas the TATA sequence (Goldberg–Hogness box) has been largely conserved among protein encoding genes (transcribed by RNA polymerase II) of eukaryotes5,6, there is some evidence that other structural and functional determinants of mRNA transcription are not conserved between species7,9. I report here an in vivo comparative analysis of the transcription initiation systems of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharmyces pombe (which can both be transformed by identical plasmids10). I have found no instance in which a gene is transcribed in the same fashion in both yeasts. Instead, I have found that the in vivo transcription starting points for many different yeast genes are determined by the cell in which it is transcribed rather than its gene structure alone. The evidence also suggests that the divergence of the transcription initiation system may partly involve the mechanism or structure which determines the distance from the TATA consensus sequence to the site of transcription initiation.
Women's work and food: a comparative perspective

Abstract The paper compares women's work in food production, processing, marketing and preparation in developed and developing countries. The provision of adequate food for the family is central to the lives of many women in developing countries. In advanced industrial societies the location, timing, rewards and nature of women's work with food has changed over time. The impact of the shift in food-related activities from household to market-place is explored using examples from the United States of America and selected developing countries
The contributions of multi‐criteria decision making to the development of decision support systems subspecialties: an empirical investigation

This study focuses on examining the structure of decision support systems (DSS) research, with a particular emphasis on assessing the contributions of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) to the development of each of the DSS subspecialty areas. This study traces how concepts and findings by researchers in the MCDM area have been picked up by DSS researchers to be applied, extended and refined in the development of DSS research subspecialties. In doing so, factor analysis is applied to an author cocitation frequency matrix derived from a large database file of comprehensive DSS literature. This study concludes that researchers in the MCDM area have made crucial contributions to the development of DSS research subspecialties. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myosin phosphorylation regulates the ATPase activity of permeable skeletal muscle fibers

Reversible covalent phosphorylation is a mechanism which is widely used to regulate enzyme activity. The phosphorylation of one of the subunits of myosin, the P-light chain, has been found to occur in a variety of muscle and non-muscle cells (review [ 11). The phosphorylation is catalyzed by a CA 2+ activated kinase whose sole substrate appears to be the P-light chain of myosin. In skeletal muscle, myosin is phosphorylated in vivo during and after long tetanic contractions [2,3]. The time course of myosin phosphorylation is slower than the events of a muscle twitch and the maximum level of phosphorylation may occur several seconds after the contraction had ceased 141. These findings suggest that myosin phosphoryjation in skeletal muscle is not an obligatory event for the production of force, and thus any role which it does play must involve a modulation of the contractile interaction. In smooth muscle and in some non-muscle cells, myosin phosphorylation has been shown to regulate the actomyosin contractile interaction [5-S]. In contrast to these results phosphorylation of skeletal muscle myosin was found to have no effect on actomyosin ATPase [9,10]. In [l l] myosin phosphorylation correlated with a decrease in the isometric ATPase of living fibers; however, this effect was not found in [ 121. Here, we provide direct evidence that thiophosphorylation regulates the ATPase activity of isometric permeable skeletal fibers and that this effect occurs only in the organized array of the myofibril. A high degree of thiophosphorylation (50-90%) of the myosin light chain was achieved in situ in glycerinated rabbit psoas fibers by incubation with purified myosin light chain kinase. Thiophosphorylation decreased the ATPase activity of the fiber by a factor of -2. Either thiophosphorylation or phosphorylation caused a similar effect in myofibrils only when they were prevented from shortening by light cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. We conclude that myosin phosphorylation in skeletal fibers is a mechanism which modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis and that the expression of this modulation requires an intact filament array.
Isolation of a Flavor Producing Fraction from Light Exposed Milk

Abstract Organoleptic evaluation of centrifugal fractions of unexposed and light-exposed milk indicates that a low density lipid-protein fraction is a principal source of light-induced flavors in milk. The protein portion of the fraction appeared to undergo a partial degradation resulting in losses of tryptophan, tyrosine, lysine, cysteine and methionine. The lipid portion was partially oxidized as indicated by decreased oleic and linoleic acid and production of a series of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reacting products. The light-induced changes in the lipid portion were different from those induced by addition of copper ions to milk.
Generation and characterization of two monoclonal self-associating IgG rheumatoid factors from a rheumatoid synovium.

Objective. To study IgG rheumatoid factor (RF) from rheumatoid synovium. Methods. We fused the K6H6/B5 human—mouse heterohybridoma with unstimulated rheumatoid synovial B cells to generate IgG-RF—secreting hybridomas. Results. The RFs from 2 such hybridomas bound specifically to the Fc fragment of human IgG and self-associated to form immune complexes. Such immune complexes are a major characteristic of the pathogenic IgG-RFs in rheumatoid synovium. Conclusion. IgG-RF—secreting hybridomas have been obtained. Analyses may reveal the underlying mechanisms of the induction of IgG-RF.
Interplay between electronic and atomic structure in expanded fluid potassium: a path-integral molecular dynamics study

The interplay between the electronic and atomic structure is studied for expanded supercritical fluid potassium using the method of path integral molecular dynamics. Upon expansion of liquid potassium, a transition occurs at nearly two times the critical density. As density decreases to that density, the fluid retains the properties of a metal with electron correlation enhancing its kinetic energy relative to the free electron gas. The calculated enhancement in kinetic energy is described adequately by the Hubbard model. As density and atomic coordination decrease, there is evidence for the formation of diamagnetic spin-paired electronic species. The computer simulation results are shown to be in good qualitative agreement with available experimental data for another alkali fluid, namely cesium.
No Exit: Video and the Readymade

OCTOBER 119, Winter 2007, pp. 37–45. © 2007 October Magazine, Ltd. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In a 1975 interview, Nam June Paik declared, “Marcel Duchamp did everything except video. He made a large front door and a very small exit. That exit is video. It’s by it that you can exit Marcel Duchamp.”1 If, as Paik suggests, video, whose system spans commercial television and video art,2 offers an escape from the readymade’s dead end, it does so by restaging rather than annulling the famous “rendezvous” Duchamp orchestrated between industrial products and new discursive frameworks. Commercial television is a vast enterprise committed to recoding objects (commodities) by narrativizing them, either in advertising’s explicit sales pitches or through the promotion of consumer lifestyles that motivates all of television’s genres, fiction and nonfiction alike. One might say that TV invented an efficient means of extracting profit from the sorts of recontextualization Duchamp performed in the readymade, and indeed it may have been such commercial ramifications that led him to shift his emphasis toward explicitly biomorphic and erotic encounters between things.3 Paik addressed television’s challenge to the readymade differently, by liberating commercial TV’s instrumentalized discourse as unruly form—what he called “dancing patterns.” In a 1984 statement he offered a genealogy in which media art served not only as the “way out” from, but also as the legitimate heir to, the readymade:
An animal restraint for the study of high-resistance operants in the rat

An animal restraint system and response operandum suitable for the study of operant behavior in the rat is described. This system combined with an inexpensive Commodore microcomputer and Psychronix interface is well-suited for the study of response parameters. Rats voluntarily entered the restraint, showed no observable signs of excess stress, and were easily extricated at the end of the experimental session. A lever-pressing operant with an adjustable force requirement was readily shaped using automated procedures. Although this system was designed for the study of high-resistance operants, it has potential advantages for other operant applications, including studies of visual discrimination and experiments requiring restraint due to physiological recording.
Anti-forensics of chromatic aberration

Over the past decade, a number of information forensic techniques have been developed to identify digital image manipulation and falsification. Recent research has shown, however, that an intelligent forger can use anti-forensic countermeasures to disguise their forgeries. In this paper, an anti-forensic technique is proposed to falsify the lateral chromatic aberration present in a digital image. Lateral chromatic aberration corresponds to the relative contraction or expansion between an image's color channels that occurs due to a lens's inability to focus all wavelengths of light on the same point. Previous work has used localized inconsistencies in an image's chromatic aberration to expose cut-and-paste image forgeries. The anti-forensic technique presented in this paper operates by estimating the expected lateral chromatic aberration at an image location, then removing deviations from this estimate caused by tampering or falsification. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate that our anti-forensic technique can be used to effectively disguise evidence of an image forgery.
Relationship between Physical Properties and Sensory Attributes of Carbonated Beverages

Bulk sweeteners provide functional properties in beverages, including sweet taste, bulking, bitter masking, structure, and mouthfeel. Diet beverages come closer to the taste of regular beverages using a blend of high-intensity sweeteners; however, some properties, including bulking, structure, and mouthfeel, remain significantly different. Relating physical properties to sensory characteristics is an important step in understanding why mouthfeel differences are apparent in beverages sweetened with alternative sweeteners compared to bulk sweeteners. The objectives of this research were to (1) measure sweetener profile, Brix, refractive index, viscosity, a(w), carbonation, titratable acidity, and pH of commercial carbonated beverages; and (2) correlate the physical property measurements to descriptive analysis of the beverages. Correlation analysis, partial least squares, canonical correlation analysis, and cluster analysis were used to analyze the data. Brix, viscosity, and sweet taste were highly correlated among one another and were all negatively correlated to a(w). Carbonated and decarbonated pH were highly correlated to each other and were both negatively correlated to mouthcoating. Numbing, burn, bite, and carbonation were highly correlated to total acidity, citric acid, and ascorbic acid and negatively correlated to phosphoric acid. The mouthfeel difference between diet and regular lemon/lime carbonated beverages is small and may be related to overall differences between flavor, acid, and sweetener types and usage levels. This research is significant because it demonstrates the use of both sensory attributes and physical properties to identify types of ingredients and levels that may decrease the mouthfeel perception differences between regular and diet carbonated beverages, which could consequently lead to higher acceptance of diet beverages by the consumers of regular.
The use of scaled orbital functions in self‐consistent field calculations for atoms

If a set of orbital functions phi/sub i/(r) is an approximate solution to the self-consistent field equations for an atom, the scaled orbital functions Psi/sub i/(r) = lambda/sub i//sup 3/2/phi/sub i/(lambda/sub i/r) will be a better solution if the scale parameters lambda/sub i/ are properly chosen. The best choice of the scale parameters is determined by the variational principle. Two applications of this idea are made in this paper: one is an improved iteration scheme for solving the self-consistent field equations; the other is the calculation of the effects of relaxation when an electron is moved from one shell of an atom to another or is removed from the atom. In the first application the number of iterations required to converge the self-consistent field process is reduced by about two-thirds over the usual methods. In the second application, a sample calculation for argon shows the relaxation energies on ionization being calculated to within 0.5 eV. 5 references, 2 tables.
Motoric versus contrastive approaches to phonology therapy: a case study

A child with two phonological errors was seen for four semesters of therapy. One phonological error, sibilant distortion, was determined to be primarily due to articulatory (motor) difficulties, whereas the other (/r/ simplification) was not. Simplification of /r/ responded well to a cognitive-linguistic treatment approach centred around the use of con trasts. In contrast, sibilant distortion required motoric-based treatment in order for consistent accuracy at the conversational level to occur. Possible explanations for the different responses to treatment are discussed, and clinical implications and directions for future research are suggested.
Glycine as a precursor of bacterial purines

Abstract The synthesis of purines in Aerobacter aerogenes was studied by the use of labeled glycine [CH 2 (N 15 H 2 )C 13 OOH]. Adenine and guanine were isolated from the lyophilized cell material. The isotopes were found in the bases. Evidence for the incorporation of the whole glycine molecule is presented.
Sleep stage deficits in chronic schizophrenia.

Evidence for the importance of delta sleep is reviewed, and the hypothesis tested that marked deficits in these sleep stages are characteristic of chronic schizophrenics. The sleep patterns of 9 ch...
Use of medications or devices for erectile dysfunction among long-term prostate cancer treatment survivors: Potential influence of sexual motivation and/or indifference

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the potential association between sexual motivation and patterns of erectile dysfunction (ED) therapy among a large cohort of localized prostate cancer treatment survivors. Methods The use of medications and devices to improve erections and sexual health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were evaluated using a mailed Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite survey administered to 896 men 4 to 8 years after brachytherapy, three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy (3D-CRT), or radical prostatectomy and 112 control men. The responding participants (73% of those surveyed) were classified by prostate cancer treatment, sexual motivation, and ED therapy use. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the factors associated with ED therapy use and sexual HRQOL outcome. Results The quality of erections unassisted by medications or devices was not different among the treatment groups. Prostate cancer survivors used medications or devices for ED more commonly than did the control men (30% versus 13%; P P P Conclusions Many men who are bothered by posttreatment ED reported never having tried medications or devices to improve their erections. The lack of ED therapy was more prevalent among patients with erectile concerns after brachytherapy or 3D-CRT than after radical prostatectomy, suggesting possible opportunities for improving sexual HRQOL among long-term survivors.
Targeted Disruption of Hoxd9 and Hoxd10 Alters Locomotor Behavior, Vertebral Identity, and Peripheral Nervous System Development

Abstract The five most 5′ HoxD genes, which are related to the Drosophila Abd-B gene, play an important role in patterning axial and appendicular skeletal elements and the nervous system of developing vertebrate embryos. Three of these genes, Hoxd11, Hoxd12, and Hoxd13, act synergistically to pattern the hindlimb autopod. In this study, we examine the combined effects of two additional 5′ HoxD genes, Hoxd9 and Hoxd10. Both of these genes are expressed posteriorly in overlapping domains in the developing neural tube and axial mesoderm as well as in developing limbs. Locomotor behavior in animals carrying a double mutation in these two genes was altered; these alterations included changes in gait, mobility, and adduction. Morphological analysis showed alterations in axial and appendicular skeletal structure, hindlimb peripheral nerve organization and projection, and distal hindlimb musculature. These morphological alterations are likely to provide the substrate for the observed alterations in locomotor behavior. The alterations observed in double-mutant mice are distinct from the phenotypes observed in mice carrying single mutations in either gene, but exhibit most of the features of both individual phenotypes. This suggests that the combined activity of two adjacent Hox genes provides more patterning information than activity of each gene alone. These observations support the idea that adjacent Hox genes with overlapping expression patterns may interact functionally to provide patterning information to the same regions of developing mouse embryos.
Transferability of computer technology across asian cultures

Though somewhat handicapped by relatively late entry into the computer age, serious attempts are now being made by several Asian countries to take a more active role in the development and export of computer technology, long dominated by the United States and West European countries. Japan, for one, embarked on all-out efforts in the early 1980s to develop the powerful fifth generation computer; it ranks second in the world in the number of computers in use, and has accumulated considerable knowledge and knowhow in the design and use of computer-based Management Information Systems (MIS). This article presents findings from a study conducted in Japan and Hong Kong on the transferability of computer technology, specifically its behavioural aspect, across Oriental cultures.