cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compliments revisited: Contemporary compliments and gender

Abstract Pioneering work on compliments based on corpora collected almost 30 years ago examined the formulaic and gendered nature of compliments. However, the passage of time and questions about collection methods justify a new data collection and analysis. This article is based on two corpora of compliments among status equals collected on a small Midwestern campus in the US in 2008 and 2010. Analysis of the corpora reveals the importance of distinguishing between compliments given in unstructured versus goal-oriented settings. In unstructured settings, appearance compliments between women on apparel and hairstyle predominated and served as phatic communication that reinforced the norm of effortful attention to daily appearance. In goal-oriented settings, however, men and women gave and received compliments on an almost equal basis, with men giving and receiving slightly more compliments than women. For both men and women, compliments on performance far outnumbered all other topics in goal-oriented settings. Men's use of performance compliments on sports in unstructured settings, however, suggests that men used these types of compliments to each other to reinforce values of heterosexual masculinity. Through the types of compliments they gave, men and women revealed gendered values.
Activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase in the body wall, pyloric caeca and tube feet of Asterias vulgaris: Evidence of body wall as a major source of glycolytic activity

Abstract 1. 1. The activities of hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) were significantly higher than the activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK) in the body wall, pyloric caeca and tube feet. 2. 2. When expressed as a function of wet weight, the specific activity of HK was highest in the pyloric caeca. When expressed as a function of cytosolic protein, the specific activity of HK was highest in the body wall. 3. 3. Specific activities PFK and PK, expressed as functions of cytosolic protein, were highest in the tube feet. These enzyme activities should reflect the high energetic requirements of the tube feet. 4. 4. Highest total activity of PFK was found in the body wall. These results support the conclusion that the body wall is a metabolically active organ and that the energetic requirement of the body wall is a significant component of the energetic requirements of the organism.
Analysing inflation by the fractionally integrated ARFIMA–GARCH model

This paper considers the application of long-memory processes to describing inflation for 10 countries. We implement a new procedure to obtain approximate maximum likelihood estimates of an ARFIMA-GARCH process; which is fractionally integrated I(d) with a superimposed stationary ARMA component in its conditional mean. Additionally, this long-memory process is allowed to have GARCH type conditional heteroscedasticity. On analysing monthly post-World War II CPI inflation for 10 different countries, we find strong evidence of long memory with mean reverting behaviour for all countries except Japan, which appears stationary. For three high inflation economies there is evidence that the mean and volatility of inflation interact in a way that is consistent with the Friedman hypothesis. Copyright 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON COPEPODS ENDOPARASITIC IN STONY CORALS OF ST. CROIX, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS

Un grand nombre de Copepodes endoparasites de coraux ont ete trouves sur l'ile de Ste Croix, U.S.V.I. en decembre 1975. Ils ont ete identifies comme appartenant a 6 especes au moins de la famille des Corallovexiidae Stock, 1975. Sur 17 especes de coraux examines, 7 se sont averees infestees par une ou plusieurs especes de cette famille. Des comparaisons avec les resultats de Stock (1975) a propos d'une etude similaire a Curacao ont montre un certain nombre de differences. Il semble qu'il existe une tendance, chez Diplora clivosa, a l'etablissement de distributions spatiales uniformes a l'interieur des colonies.
Crystal structure determination of 10-trifluoroacetylphenothiazine

The structure of the title compound has been determined by single crystal X-ray methods. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/n with four molecules in a cell of dimensions a = 14.365(4), b = 5.942 (2), c = 17.359(3) A, β = 119.88(2)° and V = 1298.0(6) A. The structure has been refined by full-matrix least-squares to R = 0.043 using 1650 observed reflections. This study shows that the folding angle between the two benzo planes is 131.8(1)°, one of the smallest values observed in phenothiazine derivatives. Also, the trifluoroacetyl group is perpendicular to the plane bisecting the tricyclic ring, in contrast to most 10-aryl-substituted phenothiazines where the substituent is approximately parallel to the plane bisecting the tricyclic ring.
Prophylactic amnioinfusion for meconium-stained amniotic fluid

Abstract Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated reduced perinatal morbidity in patients receiving amnioinfusion for meconium-stained amniotic fluid compared with control patients receiving no amnioinfusion. Because amnioinfusion for variable fetal heart rate decelerations has become accepted care, we sought to determine the benefit of prophylactic amnioinfusion for meconium compared with standard care, incorporating therapeutic amnioinfusion for variable decelerations. Study Design: Ninety-three term patients with moderate to heavy meconium and no variable fetal heart rate decelerations were randomized to immediate prophylactic amnioinfusion (600 ml saline solution bolus followed by 3 ml/min) or to standard care (including therapeutic amnioinfusion for variable decelerations developing later). All babies had DeLee suctioning on delivery of the head. Laryngeal cords were visualized and tracheal suctioning performed when meconium was seen below the cords. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student t test, Fisher's exact test, or x 2 analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in the incidence of operative delivery, fetal distress, or meconium below the cords or in newborn Apgar scores and umbilical artery gas values between the amnioinfusion ( n = 43) and control ( n = 50) patients. There were four cases of meconium aspiration, three in the amnioinfusion group, one in the standard care group. The rate of endometritis-chorioamnionitis was higher ( p = 0.3) in the amnioinfusion (16%) than in the control group (810), although time from ruptured membranes to delivery (8.5 hours vs 7.3 hours) and duration of intrauterine monitoring (6.1 hours vs 5.3 hours) were not different. Conclusions: Although amnioinfusion does dilute amniotic meconium, prophylactic amnioinfusion for meconium in the absence of variable decelerations remains controversial. Prophylactic amnioinfusion in term pregnancies did not improve perinatal outcome and increased the risk for chorioamnionitis-endometritis. Together with recent reports, the current data suggest that the benefit of amnioinfusion for meconium-stained amniotic fluid is a result of the alleviation of variable fetal heart rate decelerations rather than meconium dilution.
Low temperature sticking and desorption dynamics of oxygen on Pt(111)

The adsorption/desorption dynamics of oxygen on Pt(111) have been studied by angle resolved thermal programmed desorption (TPD) over the temperature range from 20 to 1000 K. The first monolayer of physisorbed O2 formed by dosing at 20 K completely converts to the chemisorbed state at 30–40 K. From 100 to 160 K, chemisorbed O2 either desorbs with a cosine angular distribution or dissociates to form adsorbed O atoms. At low coverages all the molecules thermally dissociate upon heating. It follows that the minimum energy pathway leading to thermal dissociation of adsorbed O2 lies below the energetic barrier for thermal desorption. Nevertheless, the O2 angular distribution from associative desorption of adsorbed O atoms at 720 K is sharply peaked around the surface normal (∼0.2 cos ϑ + 0.8 cos5 ϑ) for both low and saturation O atom coverages. The emergence of an exit channel barrier i desorption at high temperatures is discussed within the context of transition state theory and the potential of mean force.
Does Emotional Intelligence Assist in the Prediction of Academic Success

Some authors have claimed that emotional intelligence predicts success at work, at school, and in relationships, as well as or better than IQ. Little research exists to support or refute this claim at present. In this study, the ability of emotional intelligence to predict academic achievement was examined in a sample of undergraduate psychology students, using year-end grades as the criterion. The predictive validity of emotional intelligence was compared with the predictive validity of traditional cognitive abilities and the Big Five dimensions of personality. In addition, the incremental predictive validity of each of these three domains was assessed. In this setting, only some measures of Emotional Intelligence predicted academic success, and none of these measures showed incremental predictive validity for academic success over and above cognitive and personality variables. It may be that the overlap between many emotional intelligence measures and traditional measures of intelligence and personality...
Generation of intense plasma jets and microparticle beams by an arc in a supersonic vortex

Temperatures up to 50000 have been reached in water vortex stabilized Gerdien arcs. In arcs confined within the cores of supersonic hydrogen vortices much higher temperatures should be possible. Furthermore if these arcs are thermally insulated by a strong magnetic field temperatures up to a 106 K may be attainable. At these temperatures and in passing through a Laval nozzle the arc plasma can reach jet velocities of 100km/sec. If small quantities of heavy elements are entrained by this high velocity plasma jet these heavy elements are carried along reaching the same speed and upon condensation can form beams of clusters and microparticles.
Glucocorticoid receptors in adult and senescent rat liver.

The physicochemical characteristics of hepatic glucocorticoid receptors in adult and old Sprague-Dawley rats were compared. In adult rats, a 50% difference in unoccupied receptor sites per U protein was found between intact and adrenalectomized rats. Interestingly, however, only about a 25% difference in the concentration of unoccupied hepatic glucocorticoid receptors was observed in old animals. Heat-activated (25 C for 45 min) steroid-receptor complexes from adult and old rats bound equally well to rat liver nuclei. Molybdate (10 mM) and N-ethylmalemide (10 mM) completely inhibited thermal activation in both age groups. However, Ca2+-dependent activation (0 C for 45 min) of the steroid-receptor complex was significantly lower in aged animals. No age-related differences were observed in either nonactivated or heat-activated [3H] dexamethasone-receptor complexes when analyzed on Sephadex G-100 or DEAE-cellulose columns. The stability of steroid-free hepatic glucocorticoid receptors was also similar in adu...
African Philosophy and the Analytic Tradition

Abstract Could the ‘analytic’ approach take greater roots in the traditions of African Philosophy? In this contribution, I give an affirmative answer to the question. However, I also argue that the process requires a ‘political will’, as it involves a clear acknowledgement of the historical impetus animating the very idea—and contemporary institutional existences—of African philosophy.
Suspecting immigrants: exploring links between racialised anxieties and expanded police powers in Arizona

Immigration enforcement has become an important site of expanded police powers to stop and search as the USA attempts to remove more unauthorised immigrants from its interior. Arizona has enthusiastically embraced this approach, treating Latino immigrants as a quasi-criminal element. State legislation requiring municipal police to engage in immigration enforcement, along with past local police practice directed at immigrant removal, strident political rhetoric, and the federal government's own deportation initiatives, have legitimised an enforcement regimen that: (1) blends techniques of control used on the border with those used in interior enforcement; (2) mixes criminal and administrative approaches to apprehension, detention and deportation; (3) invokes national security as a rationale for strict, uncompromising enforcement and (4) hypes the violence aspect of human smuggling and border crossing to support more aggressive interior enforcement. This policy mix, current practices suggest, encourages ent...
A Deeper Look into Thiophene Coordination Prior to Oxidative Addition of the C−S Bond to Platinum(0): A Computational Study Using DFT and MO Methods

The reaction of thiophene with a zerovalent platinum bisalkylphosphine fragment yields a highly stable thiaplatinacycle derived from cleavage of the C−S bond. Calculations on the [Pt(dmpe)] model system using Density Functional Theory are consistent with experimental results obtained with [Pt(dippe)] in that the reaction is exothermic overall and furthermore predict that the initial η2-coordination of thiophene through the C═C double bond is energetically more favorable than coordination through the sulfur atom (ΔG = 9.3 kcal/mol). There are three well-defined transition states along the pathway to the oxidative addition product from both of these coordination modes. Two of these lead to a higher energy η2-C,S-coordinated intermediate, while the third one leads to cleavage of the C−S bond from the η2-C,S complex. As the reaction was carried out in a polar solvent (THF), the effect of solvation was taken into account by using the polarizable continuum model. The thermodynamic preference for the initial coo...
Variation in epiphytic microcommunities (tardigrade-lichen-bryophyte assemblages) of the Cincinnati, Ohio area

Abstract Corticolous (bark-inhibiting) lichens and bryophytes were studied in several deciduous forest study area as biological indicators of urban impact and as microhabitats for meiofaunal invertebrate colonizers. Bryophyte and lichen species richness are greatest in high-humidity, ‘clean air’ sites. Urban environmental conditions were characterized by decreased humidity, rapid humidity depression and decreased air quality. Differences in the bryophyte community at study sites best reflect their openness to light penetration and patchiness of microhabitats. Reduction in the number of lichen species found in sites is best explained by the study area's proximity to the city and ambient air quality. Variation in the frequency of occurrence of tardigrade species living on corticolous mosses and lichens indicates differential tolerances to aspects of climate altered by urbanization. Tardigrade species richness is greatest in high-humidity, ‘clean air’ sites. Correlation methods were utilized to illustrate the relative effects of habitat conditions on the representation of species within epiphytes collected in these monitored study areas. Tardigrade species richness was best explained by site humidity regime; however, the frequency with which some species were found in sites appears to be related to air quality. Two common species are characterized by different environmental preferences. Diphascon scoticum Murray predominates in urban park sites, characterized by low air quality and reduced humidity. The prevalence of D. scoticum may be related to this protococcal algae feeder's adaptation to low pH substrates. Such low pH conditions are more frequent in urban moss habitats. Minibiotus intermedius Plate is found more often in humid, rural sites, and is apparently intolerant of faster evaporation rates which may occur in more xeric environments.
Variable activation of synaptic release sites at the neuromuscular junction

To study variable activation of synaptic release sites during repetitive stimulation, quantal release was measured at two synaptic sites innervated by the same presynaptic axon on the opener muscle of the crayfish walking leg using focal extracellular recording techniques. Binomial statistics describing this release were then calculated. Values of m, the average amount of quanta released in response to a presynaptic action potential, measured at one site were sometimes found to exhibit stationarity while those at the other site on the same fiber were not. This nonstationarity was attributed to conduction failures in the terminal arborization. To minimize bias in the estimates of the parameters n and p, the data were screened carefully for nonuniformity of the release probabilities and nonstationarity. Immediately from the onset of stimulation of frequencies from 5 to 30 Hz, 65% of the sites exhibited nonuniformity. After 1 min of repetitive stimulation, this was reduced to 10%. Using uniform and stationary data, the parameters n and p were estimated during facilitation and depression. Facilitation was associated with an increase only in n at lower frequencies (5 to 10 Hz) of repetitive stimulation and in p, and occasionally n, at the higher frequencies (10 to 30 Hz). Depression was associated primarily with decreases in n. The results indicate frequency-dependent variability in the activation of synaptic release sites.
Strengthening the activation of unconsciously activated memories.

Reading a word activates a set of associated words—for example, reading CAB activatescar, driver, and other associates. This research was conducted to determine whether the unconscious activation of these associates adds activation to other associates in the same set. Words were studied, and recall was tested with cues comprised of associates directly activated by the target. On the basis of preexisting links, the associates serving as test cues also received strong (e.g.,car) or weak (e.g.,driver) additional inputs from other associates in the set. Cues receiving stronger inputs from other associates were more effective, indicating that unconsciously activated associates strengthen one another. This effect declined when conditions disrupted the retrieval of context features linked to the episode. Attending to another task during or after study or receiving implicit test instructions decreased the effects of input from other associates. Importantly, disruptions affected input from other associates more than direct input from the target, suggesting that the influence of context wanes as the links in the network become more distant.
Response to lime and P by several genetic sources of corn (Zsa mays L.) on a low pH and P soil in the greenhouse 1

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the response of 16 different genetic sources of corn (Zea mays L.) to lime and P application on a low pH and P Parsons silt loam soil in the greenhouse. A highly significant lime x P interaction was found for both dry matter production and P concentration. Phosphorus increased both dry matter production and P content of plant tissues with or without lime application. However, liming produced a detrimental effect when P was applied but no effect when no P was applied. Corn genetic sources showed a highly significant interaction with P treatment, but not with lime for both dry matter production and P concentration. The results suggest that improvement in corn growth could be achieved in a low P soil environment by genetic selection.
Optimization design for head/media zone-bit recording

In order to divide the disk surface into optimum zones, the head/media margin characteristic curve at various transfer rate throughout disk surface is needed. Margin is derived from half window minus bit-shift value. According to the curve, once the constant margin threshold is set, then the optimum zone number is also determined. Each zone is determined by the intersection of a particular threshold and margins curve at different transfer rate. In this paper, two new methods are developed to divide zones. First, the setting threshold to a constant margin (nsec), one third of the half window of the inner-most transfer rate, 13.3 Mb/s, six zones can be obtained and total capacity is 42.0 MB, which is 26.3 increment by comparing with the capacity of the single zone. Second, setting the threshold to a relative margin ( of the half window, the same number of zones also can be obtained with 44.4 MB total capacity, which is 33.5 increment by comparing with the capacity of the single zone.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Self‐Contained Microelectrochemical Cavity System Comprised of a Polymer and Phospholipid Membrane Suspended over a Picoliter Volume

A 2-dimensional framework of UV-polymerized 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid integrated with dipalmitoylphophatidyl choline phospholipids was suspended over a ca. 10 μm-diameter and 8-μm-deep microcavity that contained electrodes. The membrane was assembled at the air-water interface of a Langmuir-Blodgett trough and deposited onto a mercaptoundecanoic-acid-modified gold surface that surrounds the microcavity opening during an upward stroke from a subphase of 10 mM potassium ferrocyanide in 0.1 M KCl and 1 mM CaCl2, and covered with a drop of pure electrolyte to minimize evaporation. Cyclic voltammetry confirmed that the redox solution was trapped beneath the membrane and was calculated to be only ca. 0.6 pL volume, consistent with the geometry of the microcavity. Such interfaces to microstructures hold promise for novel biosensor materials and biomimetic phospholipid membranes.
A Demonstration That the Current Deconcentration of Population in the United States is a Clean Break with the Past

An initial reaction among many observers of urban America to recently released data showing a net migration out of its metropolitan areas is that this phenomenon must reflect nothing more than an accelerated expansion of these areas beyond their conventionally defined borders. This paper tests this hypothesis by tracing out the behavior of the Hoover index for five levels of areal disaggregation in the US. In Statistical Geography, Duncan and his collaborators found that for the period 1900–1950 there was dispersal at the finest and coarsest grains of areal disaggregation (reflecting city—suburb and East—West dispersal, respectively) and concentration at intermediate grains (reflecting rural-urban migration). We find that, by 1970, dispersal was occurring at all levels of areal disaggregation. That is, using the county as our basic unit of analysis, and building up increasingly more aggregated regions based on these units, we are unable to find an increase in concentration at any level of areal aggregatio...
Spectroscopic measurement of high-frequency electric fields in the interaction of explosive debris plasma with magnetized background plasma

The collision-less transfer of momentum and energy from explosive debris plasma to magnetized background plasma is a salient feature of various astrophysical and space environments. While much theoretical and computational work has investigated collision-less coupling mechanisms and relevant parameters, an experimental validation of the results demands the measurement of the complex, collective electric fields associated with debris-background plasma interaction. Emission spectroscopy offers a non-interfering diagnostic of electric fields via the Stark effect. A unique experiment at the University of California, Los Angeles, that combines the Large Plasma Device (LAPD) and the Phoenix laser facility has investigated the marginally super-Alfvenic, quasi-perpendicular expansion of a laser-produced carbon (C) debris plasma through a preformed, magnetized helium (He) background plasma via emission spectroscopy. Spectral profiles of the He II 468.6 nm line measured at the maximum extent of the diamagnetic cavity are observed to intensify, broaden, and develop equally spaced modulations in response to the explosive C debris, indicative of an energetic electron population and strong oscillatory electric fields. The profiles are analyzed via time-dependent Stark effect models corresponding to single-mode and multi-mode monochromatic (single frequency) electric fields, yielding temporally resolved magnitudes and frequencies. The proximity of the measured frequencies to the expected electron plasma frequency suggests the development of the electron beam-plasma instability, and a simple saturation model demonstrates that the measured magnitudes are feasible provided that a sufficiently fast electron population is generated during C debris–He background interaction. Potential sources of the fast electrons, which likely correspond to collision-less coupling mechanisms, are briefly considered.
Data quality assessment: Modelling and application in resilient monitoring systems

This paper presents a novel data quality model as part of a monitoring system that degrades gracefully under attacks on its sensors. The attacker is assumed to manipulate the sensor data's variance or mean, with the aim of projecting a false state of the plant. Each sensor's data is assigned a level of trust, termed data quality, as part of assessing the states of the process variables. For the variance-based attacker, it is established that the concept of data quality is not, in fact, necessary to obtain the best possible assessment. For the mean-based attacker, it is recognized that statistical means are not sufficient to discern data quality. To combat this problem, the so-called method of probing signals is proposed. The efficacy of this method is illustrated by numerical experiments categorized into two parts. The first deals with individual process variable assessment, while the second deals with the adaptation of the sensor network to obtain the best possible plant assessment.
Management of rodent exposure and allergy in the pediatric population

Although rodent allergy has long been recognized as an occupational disease, it has only been in the past decade that it has been recognized as a community-based disease that affects children. Most homes in the US have detectable mouse allergen, but the concentrations in inner-city homes are orders of magnitude higher than those found in suburban homes. Home mouse allergen exposure has been linked to sensitization to mouse, and children with asthma who are both sensitized and exposed to high mouse allergen concentrations at home are at greater risk for symptoms, exacerbations and reduced lung function. Rat allergen is found primarily in inner-city homes and has also been linked to asthma morbidity among sensitized children. The objective of this review is to summarize the scientific literature on rodents and their allergens, the effects of exposure to these allergens on allergic respiratory disease, and to make recommendations, based on this evidence base, for the evaluation and management of mouse allergy in the pediatric population.
Determination of 3-D object orientation from projections

A method is presented for determination of the orientation in 3-space of 3-D objects without point correspondence information and without requiring only differential motion between images. Either 2-D projections or 3-D surface coordinate information may be used.
Integration of PON and 4G mobile WiMAX networks to provide broadband integrated services to end users

Passive Optical Network (PON) and Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) are two emerging broadband technologies for the next-generation (NG) access networks. Integration of PON and Mobile WiMAX might be an efficient solution to broadband network access that can take advantage of the bandwidth benefit of fiber communications, and the mobile and non-line-of-sight features of wireless communications. By leveraging the advantages of both of these access technologies combined on an integrated architecture platform, NG converged-access solutions can meet the demand for mobility, bandwidth, reliability, security, and flexibility. By combining the practically unlimited capacity of optical fiber networks with the ubiquity and mobility of wireless networks, NG Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) networks will enable the support of a wide range of emerging and unforeseen fixed-mobile applications and services independent of the access infrastructure. PON and 4G Mobile WiMAX integrated architecture enables differentiated bandwidth allocation to end users that can provide more network capacity at reduced operational cost as compared to other existing technologies.
The oxidation state of manganese in surface sediments of the deep sea

Iodometric titration of deep sea sediment from cores at MANOP sites M and H indicate a particulate Mn oxidation state between 3.3 and 3.9 in the top 5 cm. Results from site H show a minimum in the Mn oxidation state at 1.5 cm depth indicating Mn reduction is occurring above the zone of pore water Mn oxidation. Using a simple box model, the rate of reduction is calculated to be 19 mg/cm2 kyr − 77 mg/cm2 kyr, at least 5 times the flux of Mn to nodules in this region. Although no Mn oxidation state minimum is observed in site M sediments, oxic reduction is inferred from a particulate mass balance, indicating that a large fraction of the Mn rain to this site is not preserved in the sediments and must be remobilized. We suggest that the process of reduction in oxic or suboxic environments near the sediment-water interface may be an important mechanism controlling the concentration of Mn in sediments and provides a mechanism for supplying diagenetic Mn to the nodules at site H.
An analysis of Liao's absorbing boundary condition

A theoretical and numerical analysis of Liao's absorbing boundary condition (ABC) is presented. The form of the ABC is related to both space-time polynomial extrapolation and a one-way wave equation. A modification allowing the optimization of the ABC for specific angles of incidence or wave speeds is discussed. The stability of the ABC is also discussed, and a technique is presented for enhancing stability. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the stability and accuracy of the ABC.
Large-scale waves interacting with deep convection in idealized mesoscale model simulations

The authors study the interaction of large-scale waves with deep convection in nonrotating mesoscale model simulations, without mean vertical shear, under idealized boundary conditions (doubly periodic, fixed uniform sea surface temperature). Radiative cooling is fixed, so radiative–convective feedbacks are not considered. The model is initialized with random thermal perturbations near the surface and then run for 16 days to a state of approximate radiative-convective equilibrium. At this point, a wave-like heating is imposed for one day in order to create a wave. The heating is uniform in the meridional direction, sinusoidal with a wavelength equal to the domain size (4500 km) in the zonal direction, and has a roughly “first baroclinic mode” structure in the vertical. After this single day of forcing, the heating is turned off and the wave is allowed to evolve freely for seven more days. A range of forcing phase speeds and amplitudes are used, but two simulations are presented in detail. One has a flow-relative forcing phase speed of 55 m s −1 and the other of zero, and both have maximum forcing amplitude of 10 K d −1 . Both of these forcings produce waves which are initially rapidly damped, but then settle in to quasi-steadily propagating, coherent configurations which are weakly decaying or neutral. The authors focus on this latter period. The faster forcing produces a convectively coupled gravity wave qualitatively similar to those predicted by strict quasi-equilibrium (SQE) theory, but whose interaction with convection is weaker than that theory predicts. The adiabatic cooling is considerably larger than the diabatic heating, and consequently the phase speed is roughly 30m s −1 rather than the 10−15m s −1 typically predicted by SQE for waves of this vertical structure. Sensitivity studies show that this wave, when propagating eastward against a mean westward flow, is destabilized by linear evaporation-wind feedback. The slower forcing produces a wave which is stationary in the mean flow frame and does not have the structure of a gravity wave. This wave has a much larger signal in the moisture field than does the faster wave, and much closer cancellation between adiabatic cooling and diabatic heating. This wave appears similar to ones appearing in some recent theoretical studies and cloud-resolving simulations. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.2003.201421.x
Comment: The Concept of Ideology in Organizational Analysis

The article presents a commentary on the article “The Concept of Ideology in Organizational Analysis: The Sociology of Knowledge or the Social Psychology of Beliefs',” by Richard M. Weiss and G. A. Miller. The author contends that the study mischaracterized the concept of ideology within the social sciences context. The authors explain that ideologies are sets of ideas that evolve out of specific social contexts.
Normal glomerular organization of the antennal lobes is not necessary for odor-modulated flight in female moths

A prominent hypothesis for the function of the glomerular structures in the primary olfactory neuropil of many groups of vertebrate and invertebrate animals is that they enable the processing and coding of information about the chemical compounds that compose complex odors. Previous studies have indicated that various degrees of glomerulus formation in the antennal lobes of the brain of the moth Manduca sexta can be effected by reducing the number of olfactory sensory axons that grow from the antenna into the antennal lobe during metamorphosis. To test the hypothesis that the presence of glomerular structure is necessary to process and identify odors, we substantially reduced, by surgery, the number of antennal segments in developing moths and upon metamorphosis we observed and quantified behavioral responses known to be elicited by odors. Intact and lesioned adult female moths were challenged to fly upwind to the source of an attractive host-plant odor in a wind tunnel. Some of the moths that had developed with reduced olfactory input flew upwind to the odor source. The flight behavior of these individuals was similar to the odor-mediated flight typically observed in moths that had developed normally. Histological analysis of the moths’ antennal lobes revealed that the lobes of more than half of the respondents that had been lesioned during development lacked normal glomerular organization. The neuropil of these abnormally developed antennal lobes was mostly aglomerular, but with a few isolated, clearly abnormal glomerulus-like structures. This suggests either that even a few abnormal glomeruli are sufficient to mediate this specific behavior or that “canonical” glomerular organization per se is not necessary for this odor-mediated behavior.
Institutions, the Economy, and the Dynamics of State Elections

As the U.S. states develop their political institutions and take greater responsibility for their economic well-being, two concerns that have long driven research on national elections—electoral insulation and economic accountability—should become central in research on state elections. I investigate institutionalization's effects on the vulnerability of state elections to major periodic forces—coattails, turnout, and economic conditions—and how political responsibility for economic growth is apportioned between presidents and governors in state elections. The investigation relies upon dynamic models of state legislative and gubernatorial outcomes estimated with a pooled data set comprised of most states and elections in the years 1940–82. The results, which have important implications for state government more broadly, indicate that institutionalization has substantially insulated legislative elections against major threats and that state legislators and governors have less to fear from their state economies than is often thought, but also that state elections are becoming more susceptible to swings in the national economy.
Adaptive wave propagation modeling

Several current attempts to use acoustic and electromagnetic wave propagation for modeling physical phenomena and the role that wavelet analysis is playing in these efforts are discussed. The first probem involves the recent application of wavelets to computational fluid dynamics. The second problem involves geophysical modeling of the ocean floor, using acoustic waves, and wavelets have recently been shown to play an important role here already. The third problem involves modeling of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in the context of automatic target recognition efforts. The fourth problem is global illumination in computer graphics, i.e., simulation of reflected and absorbed light for everyday environments. The role of wavelets is more embryonic in the last two areas, but there are some common principles in all of these modeling efforts, and the methodology of wavelets seems well suited to certain aspects of these problems.
A Transformer-Ratio-Arm Bridge for Measuring Large Capacitors Above 100 Volts

A high-voltage bridge suitable for measuring capacitance ratios up to a million to one is described. The high ratio is realized by cascading a two-stage current transformer to a bridge based on the current comparator principle. Circuits that compensate for the lead impedances of large capacitors are presented. The bridge is direct reading in the capacitance ratio and the dissipation factor and the uncertainties for both components are less than 10 parts per million (ppm).
On-chip demonstration of real time spectrum analysis (RTSA) using integrated dispersive delay line (IDDL)

This paper reports the first on-chip demonstration of GHz range real time spectrum analysis (RTSA) using an integrated dispersive delay line (IDDL). The IDDL is implemented in a standard 0.13 μm CMOS process and can operate from 0.4 GHz to 4 GHz with 1.2 ns dispersion. The IDDL provides a frequency-to-time mapping which can be utilized to generate a time domain representation of the frequency components. We demonstrate that the IDDL is capable of real time spectrum analysis of signals within the frequency range of 0.4 GHz to 4 GHz.
TSV stress testing and modeling

3D interconnect technology bonds semiconductor wafers and dies to produce multilevel chips with an optimum combination of cost, functionality, performance, and power consumption. This technology provides a pathway toward integrating CMOS ICs, as well as CMOS chips with emerging technologies. One major challenge of 3D IC integration is the reliability due to thermal stress during the process. The investigation on the stress measurement and analysis of through-silicon vias (TSVs) is important for 3D IC development. This work will summarize the measurement setup and finite element method (FEM) modeling results to investigate the stress profiles and processing effects for TSVs based on the use of a Piezo stress sensor embedded in a test element group (TEG) and a digital image analyzer (DIA). The results can be used to develop guidelines for the TSV density and pitch affecting Si damage.
Role of neuron‐target interactions in the development of a subpopulation of avian sensory neurons

Subpopulations of sensory neurons appear in embryonic dorsal root ganglia during development. In this paper, we examine what role neuron-target interactions play in this process. Previous work has shown that alterations in the environment of developing sensory neurons regulate the proportion of neurons that express a cell surface antigen identified by the monoclonal antibody SN1 (Marusich et al.: Dev. Biol. 118: 505-510, 1986). We now report that neuron-target interactions may also act to stabilize the phenotype of sensory neurons. Thus, older SN1- neurons, which would normally remain SN1- if left undisturbed in vivo, can express SN1 immunoreactivity in vitro when they are deprived of contact with their normal peripheral targets. We also demonstrate that naive sensory neurons, i.e., those that have never made contact with peripheral targets, can be identified and maintained in culture. At least some of these naive neurons (all of which are initially SN1-) can express SN1 immunoreactivity in vitro, in the absence of contact with normal peripheral targets. We conclude that subpopulations of sensory neurons may arise from naive neurons in the absence of neuron-target interactions but that subsequent neuron-target interactions may act to stabilize or modulate subpopulation-specific phenotypes.
On the statistics of eigenvectors of sample covariance matrices

Eigenvectors of sample covariance matrices are used in a variety of estimation algorithms, especially for temporal and spatial spectrum analysis. The second order statistics of these eigenvectors are needed in the performance analysis of such algorithms. Formulas for the second order statistics of the eigenvectors have been derived in the statistical literature and are widely used in works on performance analysis. We point out some difficulties in using these results, due to the non-uniqueness of the definition of eigenvectors, and show that the second order statistics of eigenvectors evaluated by Monte-Carlo simulations may not match the theoretical results. We also propose a solution to the problem.
Volatile organic compounds in seawater from the Peru upwelling region1,2

The concentrations and distributions of individual volatile organic compounds in seawater were determined at six stations in the upwelling region off the coast of Peru by vapor phase stripping, glass capillary gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, alkylated benzenes, and aldehydes were found. Individual compound concentrations varied from <2 ng*kg-’ to about 69 ng* kg-l. All of the volatile compounds were present at higher concentrations in surface than in deeper waters, but each class of compounds had a unique horizontal distribution. Spatial distributions and correlations with hydrographic data suggest possible sources and transformations.
Public relations and business responses to the civil rights movement

Abstract During the 1950s and 1960s, U.S. civil rights protesters targeted businesses with demands for service, jobs, and equality. Employing historical method, this study considers the role of public relations by examining magazine, newspaper, and public relations trade press coverage of business responses to the civil rights movement. The analysis shows that, although all five motivations for the adoption of the formal public relations function—profit, legitimacy, recruitment, agitation, and advocacy—were present, business was slow to respond; that riots and concerns about corporate image drove business to take a public stand; and that professional public relations participation appeared to be minimal even as it was cited in press stories as a reason for the failure of many business initiatives. In addition, the analysis demonstrates the existence of a sixth motivation: fear.
Abstract 104: The Effect of Low Perceived Social Support on Health Outcomes in Young Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results from the VIRGO Study

Background: Social support is an important predictor of health outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but significant variability in social support exists by sex and age. Most studies have been conducted in populations of predominately older, male patients; little is known about the impact of social support on outcomes after AMI in young patients, who may have unique demands and resources. Methods: We used data from the VIRGO study, an observational study of patients aged ≤55 years with AMI in the US and Spain, to examine the association of low perceived social support (LPSS) with baseline and 1-year health status, depression, and quality of life. Patients were categorized as having low vs. moderate/high social support using the ENRICHD Social Support Inventory (ESSI), which was collected during the index AMI hospitalization. A modified 5-item version of the 7-item ESSI was used for this study in order to examine marital status and instrumental support separately from perceived social support. Outcomes included health status (assessed by the Short Form-12 (SF-12) physical and mental component scores (PCS and MCS)), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)), and angina-related quality of life (Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ)) evaluated at baseline and 1-year. We used linear regression to compare 1-year health status between social support categories, adjusting for baseline health status, socio-demographics, comorbidities, severity of disease, and therapies used. Results: Among 3,432 patients, 728 (21.2%) were classified as having LPSS. Men and women had comparable levels of social support at baseline. On average, patients with LPSS reported lower functional status (PCS and MCS), lower quality of life, and more depressive symptoms at baseline and 1-year post-AMI. After multivariable adjustment, including baseline health status, LPSS was associated with lower mental functioning (mean MCS -2.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] -3.35, -1.34) p<0.001), lower quality of life (mean SAQ -4.58 (95% CI -4.58, -2.57), p<0.001), and more depressive symptoms (1.01 (95% CI 0.52, 1.51), p<0.001) at 1 year. The relationship between LPSS and worse physical functioning was not significant after adjustment (mean PCS -0.28 (95% CI -1.33, 0.77), p=0.6). We observed no interactions between social support, sex or country. Conclusion: Lower social support is associated with worse health status and more depressive symptoms 1-year after AMI in both young men and women recovering from an AMI.
The Right to Strike Under the United States Constitution: Theory, Practice, and Possible Implications for Canada

Answering the critics of the Supreme Court of Canada’s judgment in B.C. Health Services, the author argues that the Court laid the foundation for a principled and durable doctrine protecting constitutional labour rights, one that goes directly to the heart of the matter – the inequality of workers’ power in the employment relation. In the author’s view, two paths could lead from B.C. Health Services to the recognition of Charter protection for a right to strike: one that treats the right as an accessory to collective bargaining, and one that upholds the right directly on the basis of the Charter values of equality and participation. The author supports the latter approach, contending that constitutional rights should be defined in relation to fundamental values, in a way that is not contingent on time-bound or fact-sensitive assessments about the role of strikes within a particular collective bargaining regime. Although a Charter right to strike may involve the courts in difficult choices about when to defer to legislative policy decisions, and courts may lack the institutional capacity to deal effectively with labour law issues, the author points out that judges can look to ILO standards for expert guidance. Noting that the U.S. experience in this area might be of considerable use to Canadians, the author concludes by providing an overview of American case law concerning a constitutional right to strike.
Comparative study on injury and recovery of Staphylococcus aureus using microwaves and conventional heating

Cells of Staphylococcus aureus FRI-100 were exposed to a sublethal temperature of 50°C for 30 min in 0. 1M phosphate buffer using either microwave energy or a conventional heating source. Following thermal stress, cells were allowed to recover. Injury was monitored as the difference between cell counts when an inoculum from the recovering cells was plated on TSA and TSAS. Total viable population following either heat treatment was 106 cells/ml as indicated by TSA counts. When the same suspensions were plated on TSAS, a viable count of 1.7 × 103 cells/ml resulted from conventional heating compared with 5.6 × 102 cells/ml following microwave irradiation. Greater membrane damage was sustained by the microwave-heated cells judging by the release of 260-nm absorbing intracellular substances. In addition, the microwave-heated cells regained their enterotoxin synthesis ability at a slower rate following recovery as judged by equal counts on TSA and TSAS. Microwave heating also exerted less injurious effects on S. aureus when carried out anaerobically.