cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Pierre Auger Observatory surface detector array

ABSTRACT The Auger Observatory southern sites surface detector will consist of 1600 water Cerenkov detectors spaced 1.5 km apart on a 3000 km 2 site in Mendoza, Argentina. A discussion of the design and results from deployment of an engineering array are presented. Keywords : cosmic rays, air shower arrays, Cerenkov detectors 1. THE AUGER OBSERVATORY SURFACE DETECTOR An overview of the Auger Project may be found elsewhere in these proceedings. 1 In this paper, we focus on the design and performance of the surface detector array. The surface detector array is designed to detect cosmic ray showers by detecting coincident events in widely separated detectors on the Earths surface. We employ water Cerenkov detectors spaced 1.5 km apart. The size and spacing of these surface detector stations is chosen to achieve greater than 95% efficiency at 10 19 electron-volts (eV) with the requirement of five triggered stations per event. The direction of the shower is reconstructed from the times of shower front passage through the detectors, and the shower energy and core position are determined by fitting the integrated signal in the tanks to a lateral distribution function. Signals are recorded using fast analog-to-digital converters to take advantage of the wide time spread of signals from extremely energetic showers at large core distances. The time structure of the signals provides information about the composition of the cosmic ray primary, and aids in forming a trigger on extremely high energy shower candidates. The detector site must be remote and sparsely populated so that it is sufficiently dark to facilitate the use of fluorescence detectors together with the surface array. Such sites lack electrical, communications, and transportation infrastructure. The surface detector stations have been designed with the requirements of this type of site in mind. The stations operate using 10 watts provided by a
Global gene expression analysis reveals pathway differences between teratogenic and non-teratogenic exposure concentrations of bisphenol A and 17β-estradiol in embryonic zebrafish

Transient developmental exposure to 0.1μM bisphenol A (BPA) results in larval zebrafish hyperactivity and learning impairments in the adult, while exposure to 80μM BPA results in teratogenic responses, including craniofacial abnormalities and edema. The mode of action underlying these effects is unclear. We used global gene expression analysis to identify candidate genes and signaling pathways that mediate BPA's developmental toxicity in zebrafish. Exposure concentrations were selected and anchored to the positive control, 17β-estradiol (E2), based on previously determined behavioral or teratogenic phenotypes. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed distinct expression profiles at 24h post fertilization for 0.1μM versus 80μM BPA and 0.1μM versus 15μM E2 exposure, identification of prothrombin activation as a top canonical pathway impacted by both 0.1μM BPA and 0.1μM E2 exposure, and suppressed expression of several genes involved in nervous system development and function following 0.1μM BPA exposure.
The Relationship Between Cognitive Reserve and Functional Ability is Mediated by Executive Functioning in Older Adults

It has been noted in the literature that cognitive reserve (CR) predicts future functional ability (FA), but the association between CR and current FA is rather limited. This investigation aimed to explicate this relationship, and hypothesized it would be mediated by executive functioning (EF). To best understand the relationship between CR and FA, we recruited and tested independent community-dwelling older adults (OAs). Bivariate correlations and hierarchical regressions were completed to determine the association between CR and FA. Both individual CR measures and a composite CR score were used. Mediation analyses were completed to examine our hypothesis that EF would mediate the CR and FA relationship. All measures of CR were positively related to and predictive of FA. Although the highest zero-order correlation across the independent CR proxies was between income and FA (r = .417), education accounted for the greatest amount of variance in FA, 8.3% after controlling for age and Mini-Mental State Examination performance. Furthermore, the CR composite had a higher correlation (r = .447) and accounted for more variance than any of the independent proxies. Complete mediation was found between a CR composite and FA via an internally consistent D-KEFS composite score (Cronbach's α = .795). This suggests that as CR increases so does EF, which in turn improves FA. Thus, future investigations could determine the effect on FA in OAs by improving EF.
Null space structure of tree-patterned matrices

Abstract In this note, we study the null space structure of singular real symmetric matrices with undirected graph a tree. The main result is a relationship between the dimension of the nullspace of A, the zero-nonzero pattern of the null vectors of A and the graph of A. This work extends results of Fiedler (M. Fiedler, Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 25 (100) (1975) 607–618) [1], Wiener (G. Wiener, Linear Algebra and its Applications 61 (1984) 15–29) [2] and Parter (S. Parter, J. SIAM 8 (2) (1960) 376–388) [3].
Ion And Photon-Beam Assisted Deposition Of Thin Films

Optical-coatings problems can be traced to the microstructure inherent in the optical-coating process of thermal evaporation in vacuo. Ion and photon bombardment techniques have been associated in various ways with thin-film deposition. Some processes that incorporate these techniques improve optical-coating performance. Processes relevant to optical-coating construction are surveyed and some recent results are discussed. Ion-assisted deposition and laser evaporation are identified as particularly promising optical coatings.
Genetic proof of unequal meiotic crossovers in reciprocal deletion and duplication of 17p11.2

A number of common contiguous gene syndromes have been shown to result from nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) within region-specific low-copy repeats (LCRs). The reciprocal duplications are predicted to occur at the same frequency; however, probably because of ascertainment bias and milder phenotypes, reciprocal events have been identified in only a few cases to date. We previously described seven patients with dup(17)(p11.2p11.2), the reciprocal of the Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) deletion, del(17)(p11.2p11.2). In >90% of patients with SMS, identical ∼3.7-Mb deletions in 17p11.2 have been identified. These deletions are flanked by large (∼200 kb), highly homologous, directly oriented LCRs (i.e., proximal and distal SMS repeats [SMS-REPs]). The third (middle) SMS-REP is inverted with respect to them and maps inside the commonly deleted genomic region. To investigate the parental origin and to determine whether the common deletion and duplication arise by unequal crossovers mediated through NAHR between the proximal and distal SMS-REPs, we analyzed the haplotypes of 14 families with SMS and six families with dup(17)(p11.2p11.2), using microsatellite markers directly flanking the SMS common deletion breakpoints. Our data indicate that reciprocal deletion and duplication of 17p11.2 result from unequal meiotic crossovers. These rearrangements occur via both interchromosomal and intrachromosomal exchange events between the proximal and distal SMS-REPs, and there appears to be no parental-origin bias associated with common SMS deletions and the reciprocal duplications.
A Model of Brand Choice and Purchase Quantity Price Sensitivities

Many consumer decisions involve a discrete choice and a continuous outcome. Examples of such decisions are whether to own a home or rent one and how much to spend, which brand of orange juice to buy and how many ounces to buy. In cases like these, the choice decision is typically modeled separately, say, using a logit model and the continuous outcomes modeled separately using regression analysis. However, the continuous outcomes may not be independent of the discrete choice and vice versa, and modeling the two decisions independently can lead to inefficient choice parameter estimates and biased and inconsistent regression parameter estimates. In this paper, we present a methodology from the limited-dependent variable literature to model the dependence between the choice and quantity decisions. Our substantive interest is in the role of price in the choice and quantity decisions. When choosing among alternatives, we argue that consumers consider prices of all the competitive brands. In the quantity decision on the other hand, only the price of the chosen alternative is expected to impact how much of the alternative is purchased. The analysis of three brands, using disaggregate level panel data, strongly supports our hypothesis about the role of competitive prices in the choice and quantity decisions.
Characterization of natural organic matter from eight Norwegian surface waters: The effect of ash on molecular size distributions and CHN content

Abstract Natural organic matter (NOM) was isolated by reverse osmosis (RO) from eight surface waters in southern Norway. The freeze-dried samples were reconstituted in deionized water and part of the sample was dialysed against HCl. Samples of both the dialysed and non-dialysed materials were then ultrafiltered to give fractions: >50 000 dal., 10 000 dal. and
Macrophage Products Inhibit Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Alter 1α(I) Procollagen Expression

While the role of the foam cell in early atherogenesis has been well characterized, much less is known about the interaction between infiltrating macrophages and medial smooth muscle cells (SMC) in chronic atherosclerosis. Our purpose was to determine the effects of soluble macrophage mediators on normal human aortic SMC proliferation and matrix expression. Human aortic SMC in subconfluent culture were exposed to supernatants from activated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nonactivated macrophages. SMC proliferation and type-I procollagen expression were determined. Both activated and nonactivated macrophage supernatants exhibited a potent growth inhibitory effect which became apparent at 48 hours. While nonactivated macrophage supernatant had no effect on procollagen expression, activated supernatant inhibited its expression. (33%; p < 0.05) These findings are consistent with the loss of medial SMC and matrix proteins associated with chronic atherosclerosis.
Program analysis and optimization through kernel-control decomposition

The decomposition of a program into a control part, which is concerned only with determining the flow of control, and a kernel part, which is concerned only with computing output values, is proposed. It is shown that such a kernel-control decomposition is easily made and forms a useful and intuitive basis for analyzing and optimizing programs. A sequence of four progressively more abstract formal models of programs is developed, based on the concept of kernel-control decomposition. The application of these models to the study of program equivalence, termination, and optimization is outlined. The most general of the formal models, that of a set of programs forming a control structure class, formalizes a broad notion of equivalence of control structures.
Building Public Support for Anti-obesity Policy Initiatives

Solving the obesity crisis has less to do with post-partisanship and more to do with increasing public support for strong public policy initiatives that will make the healthy choice the easy choice. The government has an important role in mitigating the toxic food environment created by food manufacturers and restaurant chains. Progress to date has occurred on the state level. With greater public support in a new political environment, national progress may be possible in the foreseeable future.
A Process for 0.5 Micron CMOS Gate Definition

A RIE process has been developed for the etching of 0.5 μm CMOS Polysilicon gates defined using both E-Beam direct writing and sub-micron optical lithography. Profile control and selectivity were enhanced by using a two-step pattern transfer process wherein the Photoresist mask was used to define a thin Silicon Nitride layer which was subsequently used to define the underlying Polysilicon gate electrode. High etch selectivity to both the Silicon Nitride mask and the thin gate oxide was achieved using a Cl2 plasma chemistry after a BCl3 initiation step. The effect of BCl3 initiation on the poly profile and the effect of loading on profile and selectivity will be presented.
Impact of Plasma Seeding on the Propagation of Ionization Waves Launched by Fast Voltage Pulses

The impact of the pulse repetition rate of nanosecond-scale voltage pulses on the generation of a plasma discharge in a glass tube is examined. Space-time images of the plasma-induced emission are used to quantify the velocity of the ionizing wave as the plasma propagates across the tube for various pulsed voltage repetition rates.
Predicting outcome of initial treatment with carbamazepine in childhood focal epilepsy

We developed a model to predict the outcome of treatment with carbamazepine in children with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy of presumed temporal lobe origin, using data available at the time of diagnosis. Eligible children observed at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia during 1999 were identified. Data were abstracted on four potential predictor variables for carbamazepine success or failure. A total of 149 patients completed an adequate first antiepileptic trial. Carbamazepine was the initial drug used in 129 (87%) patients. Forty-one of these 129 patients (32%) had persistent seizures. Significant predictors of initial carbamazepine failure were as follows: early risk factor for epilepsy (risk ratio = 3.1 [95% confidence interval 1.6, 4.0]) and temporal lobe abnormality on magnetic resonance imaging scan (risk ratio = 3.1 [1.7, 4.2]). The outcome of the initial carbamazepine trial was correctly classified in up to 78% of patients. Accurate prediction of initial carbamazepine failure was as high as 0.67 (0.53, 0.79). Accurate prediction of initial carbamazepine success was as high as 0.87 (0.77, 0.94). In this study, standard clinical data were less than adequate for predicting response to the initial trial of carbamazepine, with prediction of carbamazepine failure being particularly difficult. Better markers of antiepileptic response and nonresponse are required to guide optimal therapy in patients with epilepsy.
Optimal and Manufacturable Two-dimensional, Kagomé-like Cellular Solids

We used the topology optimization technique to obtain two-dimensional, isotropic cellular solids with optimal effective elastic moduli and effective conductivity. The overall aim was to obtain the best (simplest) manufacturable structures for these effective properties, i.e., single-length-scale structures. Three different but simple periodic structures arose due to the imposed geometric mirror symmetries: lattices with triangular-like cells, hexagonal-like cells, or Kagome-like cells. As a general rule, the structures with the Kagome-like cells provided the best performance over a wide range of densities, i.e., for 0 ≰ ф <0.6, where ф is the solid volume fraction (density). At high densities (ф < 0.6), Kagome-like structures were no longer possible, and lattices with hexagonal-like or triangular-like cells provide virtually the same optimal performance. The Kagome-like structures were found to be a new class of cellular solids with many useful features, including desirable transport and elastic properties, heat-dissipation characteristics, improved mechanical strength, and ease of fabrication.
Beauty Salons: A Promising Health Promotion Setting for Reaching and Promoting Health Among African American Women

African American women suffer disproportionately from a wide range of health disparities. This article clarifies how beauty salons can be mobilized at all levels of the social-ecological framework to address disparities in health among African American women. The North Carolina BEAUTY and Health Project is a randomized, controlled intervention trial that takes into account the unique and multilevel features of the beauty salon setting with interventions that address owners, customers, stylists; interactions between customers and stylists; and the salon environment. The authors make explicit the role of the political economy of health theoretical perspective for understanding important factors (social, political, historical, and economic) that should be considered if the goal is to create successful, beauty-salon-based interventions. Despite some important challenges, the authors contend that beauty salons represent a promising setting for maximizing reach, reinforcement, and the impact of public health interventions aimed at addressing health disparities among African American women.
Past Iteration Algorithm For Optical Flow Computation

In this paper, we propose the successive over-relaxation (SOR) method to speed up the optical flow computation. We derive a linear algebraic system having a large sparse matrix from the elliptic partial differential equations by finite different method. Using the successive over-relaxation (SOR) method, the system can be solved by gaining speed factor of at least two over other algorithms. Comparing to the conjugated gradient (CG) method, this method requires local neighbour connections only for each iteration without involving the whole large matrix interaction and it takes much less computation time for each iteration. Therefore the SOR method is more efficient.
Salmonella Flagellin Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in a Human Promonocytic Cell Line

During infection of the gastrointestinal tract, salmonellae induce cytokine production and inflammatory responses which are believed to mediate tissue damage in the host. In a previous study, we reported that salmonellae possess the ability to stimulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) accumulation in primary human monocytes, as well as in the human promonocytic cell line U38. In this model system, cytokine upregulation is not due to lipopolysaccharide but is mediated by a released protein. In the present study, TnphoA transposon mutagenesis was used to identify the TNF-alpha-inducing factor. A mutant Salmonella strain which lacks the ability to induce TNF-alpha was isolated from a TnphoA library. Genetic analysis of this mutant demonstrated that the hns gene has been interrupted by transposon insertion. The hns gene product is a DNA-binding protein that regulates the expression of a variety of unrelated genes in salmonellae. One of the known targets of histone-like protein H1 is flhDC, the master operon which is absolutely required for flagellar expression. Analysis of other nonflagellated mutant Salmonella strains revealed a correlation between the ability to induce TNF-alpha and the expression of the phase 1 filament subunit protein FliC. Complementation experiments demonstrated that FliC is sufficient to restore the ability of nonflagellated mutant Salmonella strains to upregulate TNF-alpha, whereas the phase 2 protein FljB appears to complement to a lesser extent. In addition, Salmonella FliC can confer the TNF-alpha-inducing phenotype on Escherichia coli, which otherwise lacks the activity. Furthermore, assembly of FliC into complete flagellar structures may not be required for induction of TNF-alpha.
Faster than Nyquist, slower than Tropp

The sampling rate of analog-to-digital converters is severely limited by underlying technological constraints. Recently, Tropp et al. proposed a new architecture, called a random demodulator (RD), that attempts to circumvent this limitation by sampling sparse, bandlimited signals at a rate much lower than the Nyquist rate. An integral part of this architecture is a random bi-polar modulating waveform (MW) that changes polarity at the Nyquist rate of the input signal. Technological constraints also limit how fast such a waveform can change polarity, so we propose an extension of the RD that uses a run-length limited MW which changes polarity at a slower rate. We call this extension a constrained random demodulator (CRD) and establish that it enjoys theoretical guarantees similar to the RD and that these guarantees are directly related to the power spectrum of the MW. Further, we put forth the notion of knowledge-enhanced CRD in the paper. Specifically, we show through simulations that matching the distribution of spectral energy of the input signal with the power spectrum of the MW results in the CRD performing better than the RD of Tropp et al.
Multigroup Generalizability Analysis of Verbal, Quantitative, and Nonverbal Ability Tests for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students:

For educators seeking to differentiate instruction, cognitive ability tests sampling multiple content domains, including verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal reasoning, provide superior information about student strengths and weaknesses compared with unidimensional reasoning measures. However, these ability tests have not been fully evaluated with respect to fairness and validity for English-language learners (ELL). In particular, reliability is an important aspect of validity that has not been sufficiently evaluated. In this study, multivariate generalizability methodologies were used to explore the differential reliability of the Cognitive Abilities Test across ELL and non-ELL students in two schools with large Hispanic populations. Results suggest that verbal and quantitative reasoning skills are measured less precisely for ELL students than for non-ELL students. However, the composite score of the three batteries showed strong reliability in both groups. We conclude that multidimensional tests provide ...
Making lemonade? Defensive coping style moderates the effect of stereotype threat on women's math test performance

People high in defensive pessimism—a coping style characterized by ruminating on worse case scenarios when under stress—perform better under high than low academic pressure. The goal of the present study was to explore whether defensive pessimists might also perform better under high rather than low stereotype threat. Results supported hypotheses: specifically, some individuals’ (e.g., defensive pessimists) performance was higher under high than low stereotype threat.
Experiences of racism among African American parents and the mental health of their preschool-aged children

Objectives. We examined the relationship between parents’ experiences of racism and children’s well-being and the influence of the residential neighborhood characteristics on this relationship. Methods. African American families were recruited from Baltimore neighborhoods. Parental measures included racism experiences and coping. Neighborhood measures included demographic characteristics, social cohesion, and social climate. Children’s mental health was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist. Analysis was performed with multilevel modeling. Results. Parents who denied experiences of racism also reported higher rates of behavior problems among their preschool-aged children. For families living in neighborhoods characterized by fear of victimization, parents who actively coped with racism experiences by confronting the person involved or taking some sort of action in response to racism reported lower rates of anxiety and depression for their preschool-aged children. Conclusions. Experiences of and responses to racism among African American parents have important effects on the well-being of their young children.
Resonant cavity vircator driven by a thermionic cathode electron beam gun

A resonant cavity vircator (virtual cathode oscillator) driven by an electron beam emitted from a broad-area thermionic cathode is tested. Narrow-bandwidth (1.0 MHz at the -3 dB level) excitation of the TM/sub 023/ mode of a cylindrical resonant cavity is observed at a frequency of 986 MHz with a pulselength of 1.2 mu s. The single-cavity-mode excitation is attributed to the constant-voltage and -current electron beam emitted from the thermionic cathode. >
ClipR-59 Interacts with Akt and Regulates Akt Cellular Compartmentalization

Akt is activated on the plasma membrane and its substrates are distributed throughout various cellular compartments. To phosphorylate its substrates, Akt needs to be recruited to specific intracellular compartments. Thus, regulation of Akt cellular compartmentalization constitutes an important mechanism to specify Akt signaling. Here, we report the identification of ClipR-59 as an Akt interaction protein. We show that the interaction of ClipR-59 with Akt is mediated by the CAP-Gly domain of ClipR-59 and kinase domain of Akt and is regulated by Akt phosphorylation. We demonstrate that ClipR-59 regulates the Akt membrane association through its interaction with Akt and membrane localization and, by modulating Akt cellular compartmentalization, differentially modulates phosphorylation of Akt substrates in adipocytes. Finally, we provide evidence that one of the Akt substrates whose phosphorylation is upregulated by ClipR-59 is AS160, a negative regulator of adipocyte glucose transport. Accordingly, ectopic expression of ClipR-59 enhances, whereas knockdown of ClipR-59 suppresses, adipocyte glucose transport. We suggest that ClipR-59 functions as a scaffold protein that interacts with phospho-Akt and recruits active Akt on the membrane and may play an important role in adipocyte glucose transport.
Susceptibility of 539 Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobes to new agents, including RP59500, biapenem, trospectomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam

Susceptibilities of 539 Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobes were tested by agar dilution against 15 new and existing antimicrobial agents. Organisms included 218 Bacteroides fragilis group strains, 15 non-fragilis group Bacteroides, 130 Porphyromonas/Prevotella, 49 fusobacteria, 50 peptostreptococci, 53 clostridia and 24 Gram-positive non-sporeforming bacilli. Of 412 Gram-negative bacilli, 89% were beta-lactamase-positive, while only two of the Gram-positive strains (both clostridia) produced this enzyme. Using established and preliminary breakpoints, all strains were susceptible to biapenem and imipenem (MIC90s 1 mg/L) and chloramphenicol (MIC90 8 mg/L). Only one of all the strains tested (a Cl. innocuum) was resistant (MIC > 4 mg/L) to RP59500; the latter had MIC90 2 mg/L, while 98% of strains were susceptible to trospectomycin (MIC90 16 mg/L). Ninety-nine per cent of strains were susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam (MIC90 8 mg/L) compared to 86% to piperacillin (MIC90 > 64 mg/L). Corresponding data for ticarcillin/clavulanate versus ticarcillin were 97% susceptible (MIC90 8 mg/L) compared to 83% (MIC90 > 64 mg/L). Enhancement of the beta-lactam by the inhibitors was only seen in beta-lactamase-producing strains. Amoxycillin and cefoperazone were less often active (36% susceptible, MIC90 > 256 mg/L and 66% susceptible, MIC90 64 mg/L, respectively). Cefoxitin had greater activity than cefotetan (90% susceptible, MIC90 32 mg/L, compared to 72% susceptible, MIC90 > 64 mg/L). Metronidazole was active against 94% of strains (MIC90 4 mg/L). All metronidazole-resistant strains were Gram-positive (75% of non-sporeforming bacilli, 9% of clostridia and 6% of peptostreptococci). Ninety per cent of strains were susceptible to clindamycin (MIC90 4 mg/L).
Reliability of Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting-Diode Arrays With Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistor Backplanes on Clear Plastic

We have fabricated active-matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) test arrays on an optically clear high-temperature flexible plastic substrate at process temperatures as high as 285 degC using amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (a-Si TFTs). The substrate transparency allows for the operation of AMOLED pixels as bottom-emission devices, and the improved stability of the a-Si TFTs processed at higher temperatures significantly improves the reliability of the light emission over time.
Demographic Dimensions of Global Aging

Population aging in the 20th century represents a human success story; for the first time in history, populations have the luxury of aging. Aging, however, also poses a myriad of challenges to public and private institutions that must adapt to a changing age structure. This article highlights national and regional similarities and differences in the global aging process, focusing on demographic and health trends that are likely to shape future institutional responses in the eldercare arena. Among the topics considered are the importance of past fertility patterns, changes in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy, the feminization of later life, the growth of the “oldest old,” and changing national disease profiles associated with the epidemiological transition.
Review: Experimental models for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma

Several different cell culture systems and laboratory animal models have been used over the years to study Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Most of the existing models have key differences with the human esophagus and complex pathogenesis of disease. None of the models offers an ideal system for the complex study of environmental exposure, genetic risk, and prevention strategies. In fact, different model systems may be required to answer different specific research questions about the pathogenesis of BE and EAC. Given the high mortality associated with EAC and the fact that current screening strategies miss most cases of EAC, advances in basic and translational science related to esophageal injury, repair, and carcinogenesis are clearly needed. This review describes several of the existing and potential model systems for BE and EAC with their benefits and disadvantages.
Can A Single Exposure To The Resource-Event-Agent Framework Enhance Data Modeling Performance?

Due to the widespread use of technology, it is becoming increasingly critical that accounting students have the ability to document accounting information systems (AIS). This skill is important for understanding the information system, mapping business processes, and understanding systems’ controls. The present study reports on an experiment designed to investigate the effects of a single exposure to the Resource-Event-Agent (REA) framework on students’ data modeling performance. The results of the experiment indicate that accounting students who receive a single, scripted exposure to the REA framework perform better on data modeling tasks than students with no exposure to the REA framework. This has important implications for accounting educators as they develop classroom instruction and administrators as they contemplate an appropriate emphasis on data modeling in the accounting curriculum.
Utilization of Deaeration via Gas Permeation and Oxidative Stabilization of Pyrogallol

AbstractThe rates of oxidative decomposition for pyrogallol were determined at 3.0° in vehicles which had been prepared by passing deionized distilled water through a gas permeator. The vehicles prepared by gas permeation possessed varying dissolved oxygen concentrations which depended upon charging pressure and the residence time of effluent. A single pass through the permeator produced vehicles possessing dissolved oxygen concentrations of 05 ppm to 0.78 ppm with respect to a normal oxygen content of 8-9 ppm. A double pass through the permeator gave only trace amounts of dissolved oxygen. i.e., 0.01-0.02 ppm and this was found to be independent of charging pressure.
A Simple Parafilm M-Based Method for Blood-Feeding Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract A simple device for blood-feeding Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes is described. Parafilm M is stretched and pressed into fiberglass window screen to form a packet for holding warmed blood. The method has been used successfully to maintain Aedes albopictus colonies for >2 yr. In typical blood-feeding trials, 53 ± 0.8% (±SE) of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and 31 ± 6% of Ae. albopictus (Skuse) fed to repletion.
Information Resource Management in the Electronic Workplace: A Personal Perspective on "Archives in the Information Society"

This article examines the general direction of information resource management (IRM) and computer technology applications as they influence the workplace. The author briefly explores the environmental characteristics of this new setting, including the influence of the World Wide Web, changes in information network design, and the emergence and widespread use of dynamically created, distributed, and employed information resources. He establishes this frame of reference to assess the implications of these changes for the roles and responsibilities of the archivist, and then considers the skills required on the part of the archivist to service the IRM needs of the highly automated organization and its constituency of so-called "knowledge workers."
Yes, You Really Will Use Algebra When You Grow Up: Providing Law Students with Proof that Legal Research & Writing is Essential in the Real World

Article discusses why Legal Research and Writing is critical in order to be a successful attorney. It gives examples of ways to incorporate "real world" activities into the classroom.
Three Risk-elicitation Methods in the Field: Evidence from Rural Senegal

In the past decade, it has become common to use simple laboratory games and decision tasks as a device for measuring risk preferences in the developing world. In this paper, we build on existing taxonomies for risk-elicitation and discuss pros and cons of using such methods in developing-country contexts. We use three distinct riskelicitation mechanisms (the Holtâ€“Laury task, the Gneezyâ€“Potters mechanism, and a non-incentivized willingness-to-risk scale) and subjects from rural Senegal. Our study provides some guidance to researchers wishing to use risk-elicitation mechanisms in the rural developing world.
The Mine Ventilation System Network Calculation and Rectification Measures for a Coal Mine in Guizhou

Good and bad of the mine ventilation system is generally from a comprehensive evaluation of the technical,safety and economy,and it should achieve basic principles of feasibility in technique and reasonability in economy,safety and reliability.Taking a coal mine in Guizhou for example,by analyzing the problem of ventilation system,the paper puts forward rectify and reform ways,makes use of AVENT software for network calculation,and analyzes the result.At last,the paper gets the best ventilation scheme and chooses the reasonable main ventilator.
Extending search-based software testing techniques to big data applications

Massive datasets are quickly becoming a concern for many industries. For example, many web-based applications must be able to handle petabytes worth of transactions on a daily basis, and moreover, be able to quickly and efficiently act upon data that exists in each transaction. As a result, providing testing capabilities for such applications becomes a challenge of scale. We argue that existing approaches, such as automated test suite generation, may not necessarily scale without assistance. To this end, we discuss open issues and possible solutions specific to testing big data applications.
Compressor driven metal hydride heat pumps using an adsorptive slurry and isothermal compression

Metal hydrides have been investigated for use in environmentally friendly heat pumps. These systems operate using reversible adsorption and desorption of hydrogen from metallic compounds and can be incorporated in a cycle having a work input (compressor) or thermal energy input (generator). Some challenges faced by compressor driven metal hydride heat pumps are poor heat transfer in the metal hydride beds and high compressor discharge temperatures. To overcome these challenges, this article investigates the use of a metal-hydride slurry in conjunction with various isothermal compression techniques. Liquid-flooded, electrochemical, and liquid piston compressors were modeled and integrated into a system model in order to assess their impact on the performance of the slurry-based metal hydride heat pump system.
Building a Science of Animal Minds: Lloyd Morgan, Experimentation, and Morgan’s Canon

Conwy Lloyd Morgan (1852-1936) is widely regarded as the father of modern comparative psychology. Yet, Morgan initially had significant doubts about whether a genuine science of comparative psychology was even possible, only later becoming more optimistic about our ability to make reliable inferences about the mental capacities of non-human animals. There has been a fair amount of disagreement amongst scholars of Morgan's work about the nature, timing, and causes of this shift in Morgan's thinking. We argue that Morgan underwent two quite different shifts of attitude towards the proper practice of comparative psychology. The first was a qualified acceptance of the Romanesian approach to comparative psychology that he had initially criticized. The second was a shift away from Romanes' reliance on systematizing anecdotal evidence of animal intelligence towards an experimental approach, focused on studying the development of behaviour. We emphasize the role of Morgan's evolving epistemological views in bringing about the first shift - in particular, his philosophy of science. We emphasize the role of an intriguing but overlooked figure in the history of comparative psychology in explaining the second shift, T. Mann Jones, whose correspondence with Morgan provided an important catalyst for Morgan's experimental turn, particularly the special focus on development. We also shed light on the intended function of Morgan's Canon, the methodological principle for which Morgan is now mostly known. The Canon can only be properly understood by seeing it in the context of Morgan's own unique experimental vision for comparative psychology.
Fire as an Old and New Agent of Change

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce human activity as a component of the study of biogeography. The topics considered include the attributes that distinguish humans from other animals, and the evolution of human culture and its impact on the physical and biological systems of the Earth. Humans differ substantially from other organisms in their possession of fire and technology. Contemporary biogeography cannot be understood without an appreciation of the role of humans in changing the face of the Earth.
Cullin3–KLHL25 ubiquitin ligase targets ACLY for degradation to inhibit lipid synthesis and tumor progression

Increased lipid synthesis is a key characteristic of many cancers that is critical for cancer progression. ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), a key enzyme for lipid synthesis, is frequently overexpressed or activated in cancer to promote lipid synthesis and tumor progression. Cullin3 (CUL3), a core protein for the CUL3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex, has been reported to be a tumor suppressor and frequently down-regulated in lung cancer. Here, we found that CUL3 interacts with ACLY through its adaptor protein, KLHL25 (Kelch-like family member 25), to ubiquitinate and degrade ACLY in cells. Through negative regulation of ACLY, CUL3 inhibits lipid synthesis, cell proliferation, and xenograft tumor growth of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, ACLY inhibitor SB-204990 greatly abolishes the promoting effect of CUL3 down-regulation on lipid synthesis, cell proliferation, and tumor growth. Importantly, low CUL3 expression is associated with high ACLY expression and poor prognosis in human lung cancer. In summary, our results identify CUL3-KLHL25 ubiquitin ligase as a novel negative regulator for ACLY and lipid synthesis and demonstrate that decreased CUL3 expression is an important mechanism for increased ACLY expression and lipid synthesis in lung cancer. These results also reveal that negative regulation of ACLY and lipid synthesis is a novel and critical mechanism for CUL3 in tumor suppression.
Anti-Jewish Riots in the Crown of Aragon and the Royal Response, 1391-1392

The most devastating attacks against the Jews of medieval Christian Europe took place during the riots that erupted, in 1391 and 1392, in the lands of Castile and Aragon. For ten horrific months, hundreds if not thousands of Jews were killed, numerous Jewish institutions destroyed, and many Jews forcibly converted to Christianity. Benjamin R. Gampel explores why the famed convivencia of medieval Iberian society - in which Christians, Muslims and Jews seemingly lived together in relative harmony - was conspicuously absent. Using extensive archival evidence, this critical volume explores the social, religious, political, and economic tensions at play in each affected town. The relationships, biographies and personal dispositions of the royal family are explored to understand why monarchic authority failed to protect the Jews during these violent months. Gampel's extensive study is essential for scholars and graduate students of medieval Iberian and Jewish history.
Pilot design for OFDM systems in the presence of phase noise

The bit error rate performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is severely degraded in the presence of phase noise. The effect of phase noise on an OFDM signal has been studied in the literature. The OFDM signal sub-carriers are distorted due to phase noise in two ways. First is the constant phase shift of all the sub-carriers, and second is the inter-carrier interference. A pilot structure is proposed to estimate the phase noise spectral components in every data OFDM symbol. The pilot design parameters are specifically optimized for an OFDM system in the presence of phase noise.
Fianna Fáil: the art of adaptive survival

For over eight decades, Fianna Fail demonstrated a remarkable capacity for successful adaptation to cope with a turbulent and increasingly uncertain electoral environment. Unlike many dominant part...
Disconnect between alcohol-induced alterations in chromatin structure and gene transcription in a mouse embryonic stem cell model of exposure.

Abstract Alterations to chromatin structure induced by environmental insults have become an attractive explanation for the persistence of exposure effects into subsequent life stages. However, a growing body of work examining the epigenetic impact that alcohol and other drugs of abuse exert consistently notes a disconnection between induced changes in chromatin structure and patterns of gene transcription. Thus, an important question is whether perturbations in the ‘histone code' induced by prenatal exposures to alcohol implicitly subvert gene expression, or whether the hierarchy of cellular signaling networks driving development is such that they retain control over the transcriptional program. To address this question, we examined the impact of ethanol exposure in mouse embryonic stem cells cultured under 2i conditions, where the transcriptional program is rigidly enforced through the use of small molecule inhibitors. We find that ethanol-induced changes in post-translational histone modifications are dose-dependent, unique to the chromatin modification under investigation, and that the extent and direction of the change differ between the period of exposure and the recovery phase. Similar to in vivo models, we find post-translational modifications affecting histone 3 lysine 9 are the most profoundly impacted, with the signature of exposure persisting long after alcohol has been removed. These changes in chromatin structure associate with dose-dependent alterations in the levels of transcripts encoding Dnmt1 , Uhrf1 , Tet1 , Tet2 , Tet3 , and Polycomb complex members Eed and Ezh2. However, in this model, ethanol-induced changes to the chromatin template do not consistently associate with changes in gene transcription, impede the process of differentiation, or affect the acquisition of monoallelic patterns of expression for the imprinted gene Igf2R . These findings question the inferred universal relevance of epigenetic changes induced by drugs of abuse and suggest that changes in chromatin structure cannot unequivocally explain dysgenesis in isolation.
Electrical modeling and analysis of 3D synaptic array using vertical RRAM structure

Three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits (ICs) offer a promising near-term solution for pushing beyond Moore's Law because of their compatibility with current technology while providing high system speed, high density, massively parallel processing, low power consumption, and a small footprint. In this paper, a novel 3D neuromorphic IC architecture combining monolithic 3D integration and vertical resistive random-access memory (V-RRAM) technology is proposed. Furthermore, a concise equivalent circuit model of the proposed structure is created and the analytical calculation for each parameter in the equivalent circuit is provided. The electrical performance of the proposed 3D neuromorphic computing structure is evaluated through SPICE simulations.
Outcomes After Percutaneous Reduction and Fixation of Low-Energy Lisfranc Injuries.

Background:Lisfranc injuries are often missed initially or not anatomically reduced, leading to midfoot collapse, arthrosis, and pain. Operative management of these injuries is also fraught with co...
INTRODUCTION: 9/11. THE SOCIO-POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF TERRORIST ATTACKS

This special issue explores the sociopolitical consequences of terrorist attacks. The first two articles examine the impact the events of 11 September 2001(9/11) had on cultural discourses in the West. What are democracies� reactions to a terrorists attack? Following the 9/11 attacks, most people would expect the government to pass legislation that would restrict individual liberties and give the authorities wide powers to track terrorists and its supporters. Then, the next two articles examine the different ways the 9/11 attacks influenced contemporary American foreign policy. In the last article, William Messmer and Carlos Yordan look at the United Nations� reactions to the 9/11 attacks and the Security Council�s establishment of new global counter-terrorism system.
Investigation of Aging Induced Evolution of the Microstructure of SAC305 Lead Free Solder

The most well-known and widely observed microstructural changes during aging are the coarsening of Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compounds (IMCs) present in the eutectic regions between β-Sn dendrites. In this investigation, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has been utilized to examine aging induced coarsening of IMCs occurring within lead free solders. Unlike many prior studies, fixed regions in the solder joint cross-sections were monitored throughout the aging process, rather than examining different samples and/or different regions after the various aging exposures. Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) lead free solder samples were formed with reflowed (RF) and water quenched (WQ) cooling profiles and resulting initial microstructures, and then polished microscopy cross-sections were prepared. Nanoindentation marks were added to the cross-sections at certain locations to facilitate locating the fixed regions of interest in subsequent microscopy observations. After preparation, the samples were then aged at T = 125 °C, and the microstructures were observed and recorded in the selected regions after various aging exposures using SEM. In addition, the coarsening of IMCs during aging has been quantitatively analyzed. Particularly, the aging induced changes in number of IMCs, total area of all IMCs, average particle area, and average particle diameter have been quantified for fixed regions in the samples.Copyright © 2017 by ASME