cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Artificial Light on Milk in Cold Storage

Summary Samples of homogenized and cream-line milk, pasteurized during the winter months and bottled in clear glass, were stored at 40° F. in the dark, under frosted white incandescent light (at intensities of 6, 12, and 18 ft-c), and under fluorescent light (at intensities of 6,12, and 18 ft-c.) for 0-, 1-, 2-, and 4-day periods. Ascorbic acid oxidation and degree of oxidized flavor development were less and progressed at a less rapid rate in homogenized and cream-line milk samples stored in the dark than in aliquot samples exposed to 6, 12, or 18 ft-c. of incandescent or fluorescent light. Fluorescent light resulted in less ascorbic acid retention in homogenized and cream-line milk than did incandescent light, but no marked difference was noted between these two lights in respect to oxidized flavor development. Lights in market milk storage coolers should remain off and/or be maintained at a low intensity to minimize ascorbic acid oxidation and oxidized flavor development in homogenized and cream-line milk during predelivery storage.
355nm absorption in HfO 2 and SiO 2 monolayers with embedded Hf nanoclusters studied using photothermal heterodyne imaging

The role of the Hf nanoclusters as near-UV, nanosecond-pulse laser-damage initiators in HfO 2 and SiO 2 -pair–based multilayer coatings remains speculative. In this work we use photothermal heterodyne imaging (PHI) to investigate absorption in HfO 2 and SiO 2 monolayers containing embedded nanometer-sized Hf clusters produced by backsidethrough- thin-film ablation. Hf cluster size and areal-density distributions were characterized using transmission electron microscopy. PHI measurements were taken for cluster-containing samples and for similarly prepared HfO 2 and SiO 2 film samples of the same thickness without clusters. These data allow us to evaluate a possible role in the damageprocess initiation of two hypothetical sources of the localized absorption—Hf clusters and high-density areas of electronic defects.
Consumer Acceptance of Dry Dog Food Variations

The objectives of this study were to compare the acceptance of different dry dog food products by consumers, determine consumer clusters for acceptance, and identify the characteristics of dog food that drive consumer acceptance. Eight dry dog food samples available in the US market were evaluated by pet owners. In this study, consumers evaluated overall liking, aroma, and appearance liking of the products. Consumers were also asked to predict their purchase intent, their dog's liking, and cost of the samples. The results indicated that appearance of the sample, especially the color, influenced pet owner's overall liking more than the aroma of the product. Overall liking clusters were not related to income, age, gender, or education, indicating that general consumer demographics do not appear to play a main role in individual consumer acceptance of dog food products.
A new method for culturing Chironomus tentans Fabricius larvae using burlap substrate in fertilized pools

Abstract A new system of culturing larvae of the midge Chironomus tentans was tested. The culture technique consisted of placing pieces of burlap, hung from poles like curtains, in 2 m × 1 m × 0.5 m pools. The pools were fertilized weekly with a standard dosage of 1 kg of fresh horse manure and were provided with intermittent water circulation. This system has the advantage for use in fish culture of permitting the fish, rather than the culturist, to harvest larvae from the substrate. The burlap simply is suspended in the fish pond and the fish allowed to graze. The method was tested on several species of fish with positive results. The effect on yield of midge larvae of a number of environmental variables was tested in the pools. The results were: 1. (1) Rates of fertilization one-tenth and ten times the standard rate resulted in lower production. 2. (2) Fertilization with chicken manure yielded results similar to those obtained with horse manure. 3. (3) When the burlap curtains were densely bunched, both total yield and yield per unit area were decreased. 4. (4) Covering the pools with wire screen lowered production. 5. (5) Yield was lower when there was no water circulation. 6. (6) Yield in pools 1 m deep was nearly twice that in pools 0.5 m deep. 7. (7) A weekly addition of 125 mg of FeSO 4 greatly increased production, but a dosage ten times that amount decreased production. Average yield of the best pools (11 g/m 2 per week) was a fraction of the maximum yields reported for some midge culture systems, but the authors believe that this can be substantially improved and that the new technique will prove feasible and convenient for use in practical fish culture.
ROSE-AHF and Lessons Learned

Nesiritide and dopamine have been recognized for some time as potential renal adjunct therapies in the management of patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Several studies have yielded conflicting evidence of the efficacy of both medications in enhancing the renal function of patients with AHF. The Renal Optimization Strategies Evaluation (ROSE) study was a multicenter double-blind placebo controlled trial designed to assess the potential renoprotective effects of low-dose nesiritide and dopamine in AHF patients with renal dysfunction. This article will focus on previous research, summary of results, and lessons learned from the ROSE-AHF trial as well as future directions for clinical research and applications.
The mean frequency of transcriptional bursting and its variation in single cells.

The recent in vivo RNA detection technique has allowed real-time monitoring of gene transcription in individual living cells, revealing that genes can be transcribed randomly in a bursting fashion that short periods of rapid production of multiple transcripts are interspersed with relatively long periods of no production. In this work, we utilize the three state model to study how environmental signals and the intrinsic cellular contexts are combined to regulate stochastic gene transcription. We introduce a system of three master equations to model the stochastic occurrence of transcriptional bursting. As this system cannot be solved analytically, we introduce a linear operator, called the master operator. It is of significant mathematical interests of its own and transforms the mean frequency of transcriptional bursting μ(t) and the second moment μ2(t) into the unique solutions of the respective operator equations. Following this novel approach, we have found the exact forms of μ(t) and the variance σ2(t). Our analysis shows that the three state transition process produces less noisy transcription than a single Poisson process does, and more transition steps average out rather than propagate fluctuations of transcripts among individual cells. The noise strength φ(t) = σ2(t)/μ(t) displays highly non-trivial dynamics during the first two to three transcription cycles. It declines steeply from the beginning until reaching the absolute minimum value, and then bounces back suddenly to a flat level close to the steady-state. Our numerical simulations further demonstrate that the cellular signals that produce the least noisy population at steady-state may not generate the least noisy population in a finite time, and suggest that measurements at steady-state may not necessarily capture most essential features of transcription noise.
Reproductive and growth dynamics of Hyperprosopon argenteum (Embiotocidae) near San Diego, California

Nearly all male and about 60% of the female Hyperprosopon argenteum from the waters near San Diego, California attained sexual maturity as age group 0 fish. Males matured during fall at 65–95 mm standard length; females matured at ∼ 90 mm during late fall. Females produced broods averaging nine embryos during early April-early June after a 5–6 month gestation period. Brood size was proportional to female size, and was better correlated with weight than with length of female. Larger, age group I and older females became pregnant earlier in the year than smaller, age group 0 females. Males and females grew at equally fast rates during the spring and summer prior to sexual maturity. The growth rate of both sexes thereafter decelerated equally until age 12 months; and growth of males was slower than that of females among age I + fish. By age II, females had attained longer mean body lengths (130 mm) and heavier mean body weights (66 g) than similarly aged males (120 mm and 52 g). Larger maximum female body sizes resulted both from their faster growth during their second year and their greater average longevity.
Bootstrap Bartlett Adjustment in Seemingly Unrelated Regression

Abstract Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) is a method introduced by Zellner (1962) for estimating several regression equations simultaneously, a common and important problem in econometrics. This article considers hypothesis testing in SUR using the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) test. Although the asymptotic distribution of this statistic is well known, substantial departures occur in samples of the size commonly employed by economists. Significance levels given by the use of this asymptotic distribution are too low, sometimes by an order of magnitude, leading to the rejection of too many true null hypotheses. A common approach to this problem is to use a Bartlett (1937) adjustment to the LLR statistic, in which the test statistic is multiplied by a factor derived from second-order asymptotics before it is referred to the asymptotic χ2(q) distribution. This article proposes that the Bartlett adjustment factor be computed using Efron's bootstrap (1979, 1982). In the cases examined, this leads to more accu...
Regularization for stationary multivariate time series

The complexity of multivariate time series models increases dramatically when the number of component series increases. This is a phenomenon observed in both low- and high-frequency financial data analysis. In this paper, we develop a regularization framework for multivariate time series models based on the penalized likelihood method. We show that, under certain conditions, the regularized estimators are sparse-consistent and satisfy an asymptotic normality. This framework provides a theoretical foundation for addressing the curse of dimensionality in multivariate econometric models. We illustrate the utility of our method by developing a sparse version of the full-factor multivariate GARCH model. We successfully apply this model to simulated data as well as the minute returns of the Dow Jones industrial average component stocks.
Doing Good by Telling Stories: Emotion in Social Enterprise Communication

Despite growing academic interest in social enterprises, a critical challenge facing such organizations has yet to receive attention: how do social enterprise managers communicate with their divers...
Establishment of dominance in domestic Norway rats: Effects of the degree of captivity and social experience

The effect of the level of captivity and prior social experience on the establishment ofdominance was examined in 16 colonies of albino rats. Males were assigned to one of four treatment groups: aggressive experience, defeat experience, exposure to electric shock, and controls. Following treat­ ment, colonies of four males were established for 12 days in one of three different captive set­ ings: a large outdoor pen, an indoor pen, or laboratory group cages. Effects of treatment were minimal; however, the degree of captivity significantly affected the display of aggression and the establishment of dominance relationships. In the two pen settings, attacks were more fre­ quent and dominance relationships were established in six of eight colonies. Attacks in the labora­ tory cages occurred almost exclusively during the first 2 days, and no dominance relationships were established in any of eight laboratory cage colonies.
The Length of the Hospital Stay after Myocardial Infarction

“Doctor, how much damage was there to my heart?” “When can I go home?” Any physician who has worked in a coronary care unit will recognize these two questions as the most common ones asked by patie...
Experimental epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus infection in calves: virologic and serologic studies

4. Miller JM, Jenny AL, Taylor WD, et al.: 1993, Immunohisto6. Race R, Ernst D, Jenny A, et al.: 1992, Diagnostic implications chemical detection of prion protein in sheep with scrapie. J Vet of detection of proteinase K-resistant protein in spleen, lymph Diagn Invest 5309-316. nodes, and brain of sheep. Am J Vet Res 53883-889. 5. Prusiner SB, Groth DF, Bolton DC, et al.: 1984, Purification 7. Stack MJ, Scott AC, Done SH: 1993, Scrapie associated fibril and structural studies of a major scrapie prion protein. Cell 38: detection on decomposed and fixed ovine brain material. Res Vet 127-134. Sci 55:173-178.
Song matching, overlapping, and switching in the banded wren: the sender's perspective

Interpreting receiver responses to on-territory playback of aggressive signals is problematic. One solution is to combine such receiver-perspective experiments with a sender-perspective experiment that allows subjects to demonstrate how their choice of singing strategies is associated with their approach behavior. Here we report the results of a sender-perspective study on the banded wren (Thryothorus pleurostictus), and combine information on context and results of previous receiver-perspective experiments to clarify function. Territorial males were presented with a 5-min playback consisting of song types present in their repertoire. We assessed the degree to which the subjects' song matching rate, overlapping rate, and song-type versatility were correlated with their approach latency, closeness of approach, latency to first retreat, and time spent close to the speaker. Male age, breeding stage, and features of the playback stimuli were also considered. Song matching was associated with rapid and close approach, consistent with the receiver-perspective interpretation of type matching as a conventional signal of aggressive motivation. Overlapping was associated with earlier retreat, and together with the aversive receiver response to our previous overlapping playback experiment suggests that overlapping is a defensive withdrawal signal. High versatility was associated with slower first retreat from the speaker and high levels of reciprocal matching between subject and playback. Males with fledglings sang with particularly low versatility and approached the speaker aggressively, whereas males with nestlings overlapped more and retreated quickly. Finally, older males matched more but overlapped less.
Resistance of isolated mammalian spinal cord white matter to oxygen-glucose deprivation.

We found that isolated guinea pig spinal cord white matter is resistant to acute oxygen-glucose deprivation. Sixty minutes of oxygen-glucose deprivation resulted in a 60% reduction of compound acti...
Spatial Organization of Dusky-footed Woodrats (Neotoma Fuscipes)

We studied the spatial organization of dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) in mixed-conifer forest of the northern Sierra Nevada, California, by radiotracking 63 adult woodrats at 2 study sites during May–October 2004–2006. Estimates of home-range and core-area size differed between study sites, but they were within the range reported elsewhere; variability in home-range size was explained in part by density. Home ranges of woodrats overlapped those of multiple neighboring woodrats, both same sex and opposite sex, suggesting that foraging areas were shared. However, core areas showed little overlap between same-sex neighbors. Woodrats occupied multiple houses and frequently moved among them, and sharing of houses (either simultaneously or nonsimultaneously) with neighboring woodrats was common but occurred mostly between male–female pairs. Females typically shared their core area and houses with 1 male, whereas males shared core areas and houses with multiple females; further, males moved more than females. Our results suggest that dusky-footed woodrats are semiterritorial, maintaining near-exclusive use of their core area and houses against same-sex conspecifics, and that the mating system likely is polygynous.
Word processing and data entry computing services

Word Processing is one of the fastest growing applications of computer technology in the world today. Academic and administrative word processing services can be supplied by stand-alone, central logic, and general computing equipment. The authors believe that schools that have found justification for teaching typing, keypunching or data entry courses in the past will find even greater justification for academic offerings that include at least the concepts of word processing. Such offerings will require planning to reduce total campus-wide expenditures for word processing and data entry equipment.Administrative uses of word processing are expanding in most institutions of higher education. Such systems need to communicate with computer stored files and have variable demands on the quality of word processing output.This paper will make the following distinction between data entry and word processing. Data entry involves record-oriented dated which are recorded and then manipulated further by traditional data processing. Word processing includes recording natural language text which in itself is the end product, a printed document.Curricula in institutions of higher education and post-secondary vocational training schools often include one or more degrees which emphasize secretarial skills and may include data entry using keypunch, key to disc, or key to tape equipment. We believe that such programs soon should be expanded to reflect the fact that use of word processing equipment is expected to continue to increase at a phenomenal growth rate.
Effects of Temperature, Rainfall, and Fauna on Transfer of ^(137)CS, K, MG, and Mass in Consumer‐Decomposer Microcosms

Microcosms containing leaf litter, sand, and three, six, or nine millipedes were incubated for 14 weeks at either 5°, 15°, or 25°C under three rates of simulated rainfall. Effects of temperature, rate of leaching, and millipede density on transfer of (137)Cs, K, Mg, and mass and on evolution of CO2 were analyzed statistically and by analog computer simulation. Loss rates from litter increased in the order: Mg < mass <(137)Cs <K; the effects of the three environmental variables on transfer also increased in the same order. Transfer of Mg was primarily to humus; mass to CO2; (137)Cs to sand; and K to leachate. Loss rates of Mg and mass evolution of CO2, and transfers of (137)Cs were all influenced primarily by temperature and secondarily by millipede density. Only K was affected more by leaching than by millipedes. Production of CO2 showed a Q10 ° 2, but mineral transfer did not double at each 10°C increase because of significant temperature—moisture interaction. Computer simulation showed that pathways and rate coefficients for transfer of (137)Cs were identical whether it originated from litter or soil, that the major pathways were from litter to soil and from litter via millipedes to soil, and that about 7% of the initial leaf (137)Cs was easily leached from litter and transferred to soil and leachate during the first month. At higher temperatures, drying and rewetting cycles of the litter appeared to shift the litter—to—soil transfer of (137)Cs from the millipede ingestion—excretion pathway to that effected by microbial immobilization—mineralizaton cycles.
Endothelin: key mediator of hypertension in preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorder characterized by proteinuria and widespread maternal endothelial dysfunction. It remains one of the most common disorders in pregnancy and remains one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity. Recent research has revealed that placental insufficiency, resulting in hypoxia and ischemia, is a central causative pathway in the development of the disorder. In response, the placenta secretes soluble substances into the maternal circulation which are responsible for the symptomatic phase of the disease. Among the most well characterized factors in the disease pathology are the anti-angiogenic protein soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), inflammatory cytokines, and agonistic angiotensin II type-1 receptor autoantibodies. Each of these factors has been shown to induce hypertension experimentally through the production of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a powerful vasoconstrictor. Antagonism of the endothelin-A receptor has proved beneficial in numerous animal models of gestational hypertension, and it remains an intriguing target for pharmacological intervention in preeclampsia.
Field Test of Digital Photography Biomass Estimation Technique in Tallgrass Prairie

Fuel loading information is important for prescribed fire planning, evaluating wildfire risk, and understanding fire effects in grassland. Yet fuel loads in grasslands often go unmeasured because of the time required to clip plots and process samples, as well as limited access or proximity to a drying oven. We tested the digital photography biomass estimation technique for measuring fuel load in grasslands in two national parks in the eastern Great Plains. The method consists of using percentage image obstruction, as determined by digital photography, to estimate vegetation biomass based on a linear transformation (i.e., regressing dry clipped weights against percent digital obstruction). We used the technique with some modification and measured digital obstruction at two sites at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, Missouri (WICR), and three sites at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, Kansas (TAPR). The method did not result in strong correlations at either of the two sites at WICR (Site 1: r 2 5 0.02; Site 2: r 2 5 0.32), but performed relatively well at TAPR (Site 1 [, 1 yr since burn]: r 2 5 0.82; Site 2 [2 yr since burn]: r 2 5 0.57; Site 3 [1 yr since burn]: r 2 5 0.88). Linear regressions for the three sites at TAPR did not differ in slop e( P . 0.05). In general, the denser the vegetation, the weaker the relationship between the vegetation biomass of clip plots and the percentage image obstruction of digital images. The digital photography technique may not be useful for estimating fuel loads in grasslands with relatively high biomass (. 80 g ? 0.1 m 22 ) or digital image obstruction . 50%. Large amounts of litter may also potentially reduce the accuracy of the technique.
Health monitoring of implantable biological electronic systems by statistical pattern recognition techniques

A wavelet-packet energy decomposition, and time frequency analysis based approach has been developed to monitor system-level damage in implantable biological electronic systems such as pacemakers and defibrillators. The approach focuses is on the pre-failure space and methodologies for quantification of failure in electronic equipment. Presented methodologies are applicable at the system-level for identification of impending failures to trigger repair or replacement significantly prior to failure. Leading indicators of shock-damage have been developed to correlate with the damage initiation and progression in under variety of stresses in electronic system. Currently, the built-in stress test (BIST) which is extensively used for diagnostics or identification of failure, is focused on reactive failure detection and provides limited insight into reliability and residual life. Statistical pattern recognition techniques including, wavelet packet energy decomposition, and time-frequency (TFA) techniques have been investigated for system identification, condition monitoring, and fault detection and diagnosis in electronic systems. Reduced reliance on system analysis helps avoid errors which otherwise may render the process of fault detection and diagnosis quite complex and dependent on the skill of the analyst. Explicit finite element models have been developed and various kinds of failure modes have been simulated such as solder ball cracking, package fall off and solder ball failure. The above damage monitoring approach is not based on electrical continuity and hence can be applied to any biological system irrespective of the interconnections. The damage index developed provides parametric damage progression data, thus removing the limitation of current failure testing, where the damage progression can not be monitored.
Periodic frameworks and flexibility

We formulate a concise deformation theory for periodic bar-and-joint frameworks in R d and illustrate our algebraic–geometric approach on frameworks related to various crystalline structures. Particular attention is given to periodic frameworks modelled on silica, zeolites and perovskites. For frameworks akin to tectosilicates, which are made of one-skeleta of d -dimensional simplices, with each vertex common to exactly two simplices, we prove the existence of a space of periodicity-preserving infinitesimal flexes of dimension at least ![Graphic][1] . However, these infinitesimal flexes need not come from genuine flexibility, as shown by rigid examples. The changes implicated in passing from a given lattice of periods to a sublattice of periods are illustrated with frameworks modelled on perovskites. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Public Sociologies: A Symposium from Boston College

This symposium brings together the theory and practice of public sociology. The introduction sets out the meanings of public sociology, emphasizing its plurality and its relation to multiple publics. From there, it frames public sociology in relation to policy, professional, and critical sociologies. This constellation of the division of sociological labor varies over time and between countries. We argue for a normative model of antagonistic interdependence, which holds all four types in equilibrium. The core of the symposium contains six autobiographical case studies of the practice of public sociology, all from Boston College. In different ways, each case study responds to the issues raised in the introduction. The conclusion to the symposium is a manifesto for public sociologies, setting out the implications of the case studies for sociology's relation to society.
Bizarre Beliefs and Rational Choices: A Behavioral Approach to Analytic Narratives

Rational choice analytic narratives claim to take seriously the way real actors form their beliefs. I argue that a commonly applied formal technique—perfect Bayesian equilibrium—inadequately accounts for realistic beliefs, unnecessarily impoverishing analytic narratives. I propose an equilibrium concept drawn from cognitive psychology—support theory equilibrium—that provides an accurate account of beliefs within a formal analytic narrative approach. I ground both the critique and the alternative in a discussion of ethnic mobilization in Yugoslavia. The result is a behaviorally informed analytic narrative that offers a more accurate account of the role of real—including bizarre—beliefs in strategic interaction.
WIMP astronomy and particle physics with liquid-noble and cryogenic direct-detection experiments

Once weakly-interacting massive particles (WIMPs) are unambiguously detected in direct-detection experiments, the challenge will be to determine what one may infer from the data. Here, I examine the prospects for reconstructing the local speed distribution of WIMPs in addition to WIMP particle-physics properties (mass, cross sections) from next-generation cryogenic and liquid-noble direct-detection experiments. I find that the common method of fixing the form of the velocity distribution when estimating constraints on WIMP mass and cross sections means losing out on the information on the speed distribution contained in the data and may lead to biases in the inferred values of the particle-physics parameters. I show that using a more general, empirical form of the speed distribution can lead to good constraints on the speed distribution. Moreover, one can use Bayesian model-selection criteria to determine if a theoretically-inspired functional form for the speed distribution (such as a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution) fits better than an empirical model. The shape of the degeneracy between WIMP mass and cross sections and their offset from the true values of those parameters depends on the hypothesis for the speed distribution, which has significant implications for consistency checks between direct-detection and collider data. In addition, I find that the uncertainties on theoretical parameters depends sensitively on the upper end of the energy range used for WIMP searches. Better constraints on the WIMP particle-physics parameters and speed distribution are obtained if the WIMP search is extended to higher energy (~1 MeV).
Hydrogen Assisted Remote Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Amorphous Silicon Nitride Films

We show that in the RPECVD process the addition of a small upstream flow of H2 gas, combined with the He injected into the plasma region of the reactor, promotes chemical exchange between H and D when the material was deposited from deuterated Silane and ammonia and densifies the a-Si:N:H network. We have deposited hydrogenated stoichiometric nitrides with and without H2 injected into the plasma region. For small H2 flows, the deuterated samples show Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) N-D and N-H stretching and bending modes that interchange their populations, as the total bonded hydrogen content in the films remain constant. The hydrogen assisted grown films show, for small H2 flows, a constant amount of bonded-H, an optical index of refraction n=1.85, and reduced etch rate.
Relative Contributions of Cytochrome CYP3A4 Versus CYP3A5 for CYP3A-Cleared Drugs Assessed In Vitro Using a CYP3A4-Selective Inactivator (CYP3cide)

Metabolism by cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) is the most prevalent clearance pathway for drugs. Designation of metabolism by CYP3A commonly refers to the potential contribution by one or both of two enzymes, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5. The metabolic turnover of 32 drugs known to be largely metabolized by CYP3A was examined in human liver microsomes (HLMs) from CYP3A5 expressers (*1/*1 genotype) and nonexpressers (*3/*3 genotype) in the presence and absence of ketoconazole and CYP3cide (a selective CYP3A4 inactivator) to calculate the contribution of CYP3A5 to metabolism. Drugs with the highest contribution of CYP3A5 included atazanavir, vincristine, midazolam, vardenafil, otenabant, verapamil, and tacrolimus, whereas 17 of the 32 tested showed negligible CYP3A5 contribution. For specific reactions in HLMs from *1/*1 donors, CYP3A5 contributes 55% and 44% to midazolam 1'- and 4-hydroxylation, 16% to testosterone 6β-hydroxylation, 56% and 19% to alprazolam 1'- and 4-hydroxylation, 10% to tamoxifen N-demethylation, and 58% to atazanavir p-hydroxylation. Comparison of the in vitro observations to clinical pharmacokinetic data showed only a weak relationship between estimated contribution by CYP3A5 and impact of CYP3A5 genotype on oral clearance, in large part because of the scatter in clinical data and the low numbers of study subjects used in CYP3A5 pharmacogenetics studies. These data should be useful in guiding which drugs should be evaluated for differences in pharmacokinetics and metabolism between subjects expressing CYP3A5 and those who do not express this enzyme.
Effect of Growth Conditions on Defect-related Photoluminescence in ZnO Thin Films Grown by Plasma Assisted MBE

The effect of growth conditions on the luminescence properties of ZnO films grown on a-Al2O3/GaN(0001)/c-Al2O3 templates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy has been investigated. We observed that the deflecting of the ions produced by the RF oxygen plasma away from substrate results in improved excitonic emission and modification of the defect-related PL spectrum. The intensity of the near-band-edge lines in photoluminescence spectra from the layers grown with the ion deflector deflection was found to increase as compared to the controls grown without the ion deflector. The yellow-green spectral range was dominated by different defect bands in the films grown with and without ion deflection. The effect of RF power on peak positions of the defect band was studied for the films grown without ion deflection.
Pre-emptive positioning of a coronary stent in the left anterior descending artery for left main protection: a prerequisite for transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve implantation for failing stentless bioprostheses?

Transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve (VIV) implantation in high-risk patients with degenerative surgical bioprosthetic aortic valves is a novel application of transcatheter aortic valve replacement technology. Although transcatheter aortic VIV procedure is clinically effective in most patients, it is a more demanding procedure in terms of the technical aspects of procedural planning. VIV carries a higher risk of coronary occlusion which is associated with a higher rate of in-hospital mortality. We hereby report a technique of pre-emptive left main (LM) protection, by positioning a coronary stent in the proximal left anterior descending artery prior to VIV implantation. The patient treated was considered to be at an increased risk of LM occlusion as a result of the procedure. The technique was performed in anticipation of emergent bailout stenting of the LM. As predicted, the LM occluded during the procedure and LM protection facilitated the safe and effective treatment of an otherwise life-threatening procedure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Latin American Struggles| Twitterati as Instruments of Change? Reappropriating Social Media for Dialogue and Action via El Salvador’s Citizen Debate Site Política Stereo

This ethnographic study of El Salvador’s social media citizen debate site Politica Stereo explores whether and how the site used online social media to prompt citizen debate, participation, and action. The analysis investigates whether Politica Stereo encouraged citizen participation in technology and through technology. Politica Stereo served as a digital counter public sphere, encouraging debate and action by emphasizing dialogue among users with opposing viewpoints. Its experience suggests online debate can translate into off-line action. Further, this study indicates the emergence of a Salvadoran Twitterati and a social media divide with implications for activism in digitally divided countries.
Prey Capture by a Generalist Predator on Flowering and Nonflowering Ambush Sites: Are Inflorescences Higher Quality Hunting Sites?

Flowers are sites of frequent visitation by pollinators and numerous other insect groups and thus could potentially represent high-quality resource patches for generalist predators that are able to exploit these aggregations of prey. In northeastern old-fields, the sit-and-wait predator Phymata pennsylvanica Handlirsch (Heteroptera: Phymatidae) occupies ambush sites on both inflorescences and nonflowering green plants. In 1998, a study was conducted to test the hypothesis that flowers are higher-quality hunting sites than nonflowering plants for these predators. Prey capture events were directly observed during daily and hourly checks on fifth-instar bugs placed on flowering or nonflowering ambush sites in the field. Prey capture rate, prey size, and food consumption rate did not differ significantly between the two site types. However, the taxonomic composition of the prey caught on the two site types was strongly divergent, with adult Diptera dominating on flowering sites and sap-feeding Homoptera dominating on nonflowering sites. These results indicate that there are times when flowering and nonflowering sites can be largely functionally equivalent for a predator in terms of prey capture success and suggest that nonflowering sites may be more important in the foraging ecology of P. pennsylvanica and other old-field ambush predators than has previously been realized. However, one implication of the existence of distinct prey communities on the two site types is that the relative quality of flowering versus nonflowering sites could potentially vary unpredictably among different locations or years depending on the particular dynamics of the dominant prey groups on each site type.
Strategies for Protecting Normal Tissue in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer

Normal tissue tolerance limits the delivery of both ionizing radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy for virtually all types of cancer including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). The concept of the therapeutic ratio (TR) is fundamental to the understanding of this issue. The TR can be qualitatively defined as the TCP/NTCP where TCP is the tumor control probability and NTCP is the normal tissue complication probability. Both of these parameters have sigmoid dose-response curves Fig.1. The horizontal separation between these two curves for any given treatment will often determine the efficacy of that treatment. As the curves separate from one another, the likelihood increases that treatment will be effective and not cause an unacceptable level of morbidity. Conversely, the closer together these two curves are, the less the likelihood is that treatment will be effective without causing an unacceptable level of morbidity.
Phase-Change Calorimeter for Measuring Relative Enthalpy in the Temperature Range 273.15 to 1200 K

The general principles of heat-capacity or enthalpy calorimetry by the method of mixtures have been presented elsewhere together with a copious bibliography.(1) To briefly recapitulate, this experimental approach is well suited to highly accurate and precise measurement of the heat capacity of nonreacting, solid or liquid systems in any condition of subdivision (including massive, crystallites, and powders). It is also of great use in measuring heats of phase changes and their associated temperatures. Usually, the basic datum obtainable through this method is the total enthalpy change of the system under study upon rapid transfer from an initial equilibrium state in a high-temperature furnace to a second equilibrium state in the calorimeter. Thus the chief sources of error are limited to those in temperature measurement and attainment of equilibrium in the furnace, in accurately accounting for heat losses during a sample transfer, in measurement of the heat transferred from the sample to the calorimeter, and in attainment of a reproducible thermodynamic state of the sample in the calorimeter. The equipment required is a mix of custom-fabricated parts, well within the capability of any competent instrument shop, and commercially-obtainable heating, temperature-measurement, and temperature-control components. This chapter presents a specific design and operating criteria for a phase-change calorimetric system using purified water as the working substance and capable of operating at a precision level of 0.01%. and an accuracy level of 0.1%. Except for the measurement, control, and recording of temperature, the system is manual in operation.
Comparison of Postoperative Stump Management: Plaster vs. Soft Dressings

A study of 182 diabetic, largely geriatric, amputees has been presented to compare three different methods of postoperative care. In random selected groups, a standard soft dressing was compared with a rigid plaster dressing and both were then compared with plaster rigid dressing with an ambulatory pylon attached. The patient population was relatively homogeneous in that they all bore the diagnosis of diabetes. When rigid dressings were applied, they were provided by prosthetists trained specifically for this method of care. The results of this study support the view that the rigid dressing and ambulation do not deter wound healing and probably are a positive factor in achieving a healed wound and a physical and mental attitude able to accept the prosthetic use. However, additional evidence supports the idea that immediate ambulation may be an early deterrent factor to healing and should be delayed for several weeks. The rate of prosthetic use in this study has been greatly improved when compared with previous experience with essentially the same type of patient population ten years ago. Two major reasons for this improvement are the more frequent use of the below-the-knee amputation and the early use of temporary, total-contact prosthetic devices.
Vegetative State Two Decades After the Multi-Society Task Force (MSTF) Report

Two decades after the MSTF report: The classification of patients with DoC has improved due to the use of stringent protocols. Clinical/behavior evaluation remains the golden standard in determining VS/MCS. Custodial care of VS/MCS patients has improved. Neuroimaging has shown that the vegetative brain is more complex than previously envisioned and may retain some capacity for higher levels of neuro-functioning. The prognostic indicators of outcome remain etiology, age, and duration of VS/MCS. No treatment for VS/MCS has emerged, and the patient’s outcome remains poor. The cost/benefit analysis of VS shows a severe burden to family and society and must be considered in the evaluation of nation health-care needs. The issue of “consciousness” and “perception of pain” remains an insolvable conundrum.
Multifuctional integrated sensors (MFISES).

Many emerging IoT applications require sensing of multiple physical and environmental parameters for: completeness of information, measurement validation, unexpected demands, improved performance. For example, a typical outdoor weather station measures temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, light intensity, rainfall, wind speed and direction. Existing sensor technologies do not directly address the demand for cost, size, and power reduction in multi-paramater sensing applications. Industry sensor manufacturers have developed integrated sensor systems for inertial measurements that combine accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers, but do not address environmental sensing functionality. In existing research literature, a technology gap exists between the functionality of MEMS sensors and the real world applications of the sensors systems.
Inter- and Intra-Rater Reliability of the New Harris-Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test

The new Harris-Goodenough Draw-A-Man test was administered to 36 boys and 36 girls in Grades 1 through 6 in order to estimate inter- and intra-rater reliabilities of the Harris scoring system. The Pearsonian coefficients were .88 and .93, respectively. Comparisons with the literature suggested that the test scores produced by the revised scoring procedure did not have greater reliability than those produced by the Goodenough method.
Cellular aging and restorative processes: subjective sleep quality and duration moderate the association between age and telomere length in a sample of middle-aged and older adults.

Study objectives To examine whether subjective sleep quality and sleep duration moderate the association between age and telomere length (TL). Design Participants completed a demographic and sleep quality questionnaire, followed by a blood draw. Setting Social Neuroscience Laboratory. Participants One hundred fifty-four middle-aged to older adults (age 45-77 y) participated. Participants were excluded if they were on immunosuppressive treatment and/or had a disease with a clear immunologic (e.g., cancer) component. Interventions N/A. Measurements and results Subjective sleep quality and sleep duration were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and TL was determined using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). There was a significant first-order negative association between age and TL. Age was also negatively associated with the self-reported sleep quality item and sleep duration component of the PSQI. A significant age × self-reported sleep quality interaction revealed that age was more strongly related to TL among poor sleepers, and that good sleep quality attenuated the association between age and TL. Moreover, adequate subjective sleep duration among older adults (i.e. greater than 7 h per night) was associated with TL comparable to that in middle-aged adults, whereas sleep duration was unrelated to TL for the middle-aged adults in our study. Conclusions The current study provides evidence for an association between sleep quality, sleep duration, and cellular aging. Among older adults, better subjective sleep quality was associated with the extent of cellular aging, suggesting that sleep duration and sleep quality may be added to a growing list of modifiable behaviors associated with the adverse effects of aging.
Acceptor PCP Pincer Iridium Chemistry: (CF3PCP)IrIII Coordination Properties

The syntheses of Ir(I) and Ir(III) complexes incorporating the electron-poor pincer ligand (1,3-C6H3(CH2P(CF3)2)2) (CF3PCP) are reported. Under mild conditions, the reaction of CF3PCPH with [(cod)Ir(μ-Cl)]2 in benzene gave polymeric [(cod)IrCl(μ-CF3PCPH)]n, which was structurally characterized. Thermolysis of [(coe)2Ir(μ-Cl)]2 or [(cod)Ir(μ-Cl)]2 with CF3PCPH in toluene at 120 °C resulted in metalation to give not the anticipated 16-electron (CF3PCP)Ir(H)Cl product but rather the coordinatively saturated CF3PCPH-bridged dimer {(CF3PCP)Ir(H)Cl}2(μ-CF3PCPH). The bridging CF3PCPH ligand is readily displaced to afford the monomeric products (CF3PCP)Ir(L)(H)Cl (L = CO, MeCN); the direct synthesis of (CF3PCP)Ir(L)(H)Cl (L = CO, MeCN, PhCN, C2H4, MeP(C2F5)2) was achieved by reacting [(coe)2Ir(μ-Cl)]2 or [(cod)Ir(μ-Cl)]2 with 2 equiv of CF3PCPH in the presence of the corresponding trapping ligand. Chloride abstraction from (CF3PCP)Ir(CO)(H)Cl was examined: treatment with AgSbF6 or Et3Si+B(C6F5)4− in the presence ...
Retinoids: uses and abuses.

There is no doubt that modern retinoids are a two-edged sword. While they appear to normalize many abnormal biologic processes, i.e. modulate cellular differentiation and cellular proliferation, at the same time they can severely "abnormalize" other processes, i.e. embryonic organogenesis. Pharmaceutical ingenuity in separating their toxicity from their efficacy will determine their ultimate value to the therapist.
Use of the Infotronics CRS–75 S/12 Analog to Digital Data Conversion System

Results from multiple sequential analyzers can be captured, stored, and recovered easily with use of analog to digital converters that print the test results on teletype paper, paper tape, and preprinted gummed result forms. The system allows complete patient information to accompany each set of test results. The cost to volume of data handling ratio makes these converters more economical than on-line laboratory computers and they are as useful.
Pt–Ni octahedral nanocrystals as a class of highly active electrocatalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction in an alkaline electrolyte

We have synthesized Pt–Ni octahedral nanocrystals with Ni(OH)2 naturally formed on their surfaces as a promising catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an alkaline solution. For Pt–Ni octahedra of 9 nm in size, they exhibited specific and mass HER activities 15 times and 4.6 times greater than those of a commercial Pt/C catalyst in 0.1 M KOH solution.