cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Existence of Low-Luminosity Cataclysmic Variables Beyond the Orbital Period Minimum

Models of the present-day intrinsic population of cataclysmic variables predict that 99 per cent of these systems should be of short orbital period. The Galaxy is old enough that approx. 70 per cent of these stars will have already reached their orbital period minimum (approx. 80 min), and should be evolving back toward longer periods. Mass-transfer rates in these highly evolved binaries are predicted to be less or equal to 10(exp -11), leading to M(sub V) of approx. 10 or fainter, and the secondaries would be degenerate, brown dwarf-like stars. Recent observations of a group of low-luminosity dwarf novae (TOADS) provide observational evidence for systems with very low intrinsic M,. and possibly low-mass secondaries. We carry out population synthesis and evolution calculations for a range of assumed ages of the Galaxy in order to study P(sub orb) and M distributions for comparison with the TOAD observations. We speculate that at least some of the TOADs are the predicted very low- luminosity, post-period-minimum cataclysmic variables containing degenerate (brown dwarf-like) secondaries having masses between 0.02 and 0.06 M, and radii near 0.1 R., We show that these low-luminosity systems are additionally interesting in that they can be used to set a lower limit on the age of the Galaxy. The TOAD with the longest orbital period currently known (123 min), corresponds to a Galaxy age of at least 8.6 x 10(exp 9) yr.
Management of perisylvian arteriovenous malformations: a retrospective institutional case series and review of the literature.

Object Sylvian arteriovenous malformations (sAVMs) are challenging lesions of the central nervous system. The natural history of these unique lesions as well as clinical outcomes following treatment of sAVMs has been limited to case series owing to the rarity of these lesions. The authors present their experience with sAVMs and review the literature. Methods In accordance with the Henry Ford Institutional Review Board, medical records of patients with sAVMs treated from 2000 to 2012 were reviewed. Clinical data were retrospectively collected to calculate pre- and posttreatment modified Rankin Scale scores for all patients. Results The authors identified 15 patients with sAVMs who received treatment. Of these, 12 were female and 3 were male, and the average age at presentation was 39.6 ± 12.94 years (± SD). Two patients (13.3%) had Spetzler-Martin Grade I lesions, 6 patients (40%) had Grade II lesions, 5 patients (33.3%) had Grade III lesions, and another 2 (13.3%) harbored Grade IV arteriovenous malformat...
It Isn’t Always Mutual: A Critical Review of Dyadic Trust

Scholars have called for examinations of trust at the dyadic level, but only recently have we begun to see trust examined as a dyadic phenomenon from multiple perspectives. This review examines three approaches to understanding dyadic trust: reciprocal trust, wherein one party’s trust influences the other party’s trust; mutual trust, wherein both parties share a given level of trust that has important consequences for the dyad; and asymmetric trust, wherein each party has a different level of trust, and this disparity has consequences for the dyad. We provide a critical analysis of the empirical research addressing these three approaches and suggest future research directions to provide a more comprehensive view of dyadic trust.
Thermodynamic probability of the conversion of multiring aromatics to isoparaffins and cycloparaffins

Thermodynamic properties were shown to provide a good estimation for product selectivity, thereby reducing the number of screening tests with respect to reaction temperature. Equilibrium constants for the conversion of aromatics to isoparaffins and cycloparaffins were calculated to determine reaction conditions for the production of high octane gasoline components without aromatics from hydrogenation/hydrocracking of 1-methylnaphthalene. These calculations, combined with screening studies of different catalysts, determined optimum hydrotreatment conditions.
What is Peace Psychology the Psychology of

Peace psychology emerged as a distinct area of research and practice during the Cold War, when the preeminent concern was the prevention of nuclear war. Now global in scope, the focal concerns of peace psychologists are nuanced by geohistorical contexts and the distinction between episodic violence and structural violence, the latter of which also kills people, albeit slowly through the deprivation of basic need satisfaction. Accordingly, the focal concerns of contributors to this issue vary depending on geohistorical context: some being primarily concerned with patterns of behavior and cognition involved in the prevention of violent episodes and others with the amelioration of structural violence. A systems perspective is used as a framework for integrating episodes and structures of violence and peace. Articles emphasizing “systemic violence” demonstrate the interplay between structures and episodes of violence. Articles on “systemic peacebuilding” examine intergroup contact, the nonviolent management of conflict, and movement toward socially just structures, thereby yielding an increase in cooperative and equitable relationships across levels, from interpersonal to intergroup.
Non-dissociative and dissociative adsorption of oxygen on carbon: A theoretical comparison with prediction of reaction order

For oxygen reacting with carbon during combustion, normalized reaction rates (NRs,N) predicted from the nondissociative form of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (NLAI) equation are shown to correlate almost linearly with normalized rates (NRs,D) predicted from the dissociative LAI equation (DLAI). The curve obtained was a slight sigmoid with a high linearity showing that a single-valued “universal” multiplier could be used to correct the NLAI predictions to the DLAI values. This conclusion was supported by application to experimental data selected arbitrarily from the literature. The pattern of oxidation reaction “order” with temperature was also examined and was shown to predict a rise of (effective) order with rise in temperature, from zero to unity in a sigmoid form, with the variation only marginally dependent on the LAI equation form. The common assumption of quasi equilibrium between adsorption and desorption with changing temperature was also examined by calculating the equilibration time constant. The values obtained were very sensitive to the rate constants used and to the temperature, but with ranges from 10 ms to one μs. The values are nevertheless consistent with establishing near-equilibration between adsorption and desorption at heating rates in standard flames up to 105°C/s. In high-intensity flames, however, at heating rates of 106°C/s, the reaction may well be out of equilibrium for some chars, and this could affect values of rate constants and reaction order measured in such flames.
Subphonetic modeling with Markov states-Senone

There will never be sufficient training data to model all the various acoustic-phonetic phenomena. How to capture important clues and estimate those needed parameters reliably is one of the central issues in speech recognition. Successful examples include subword models, fenones and many other smoothing techniques. In comparison with subword models, subphonetic modeling may provide a finer level of details. The authors propose to model subphonetic events with Markov states and treat the state in phonetic hidden Markov models as the basic subphonetic unit-senone. Senones generalize fenones in several ways. A word model is a concatenation of senones and senones can be shared across different word models. Senone models not only allow parameter sharing, but also enable pronunciation optimization. The authors report preliminary senone modeling results, which have significantly reduced the word error rate for speaker-independent continuous speech recognition. >
Deformation behavior and mechanisms of a nanocrystalline multi-phase aluminum alloy

A nanocrystalline (nc) Al–Fe–Cr–Ti alloy containing 30 vol.% nc intermetallic particles has been used to investigate deformation behavior and mechanisms of nc multi-phase alloys. High compressive strengths at room and elevated temperatures have been demonstrated. However, tensile fracture strengths below 300 °C are lower than the corresponding maximum strengths in compression. Creep flow of the nc fcc-Al grains is suppressed even though rapid dynamic recovery has occurred. It is argued that the compressive strength at ambient temperature is controlled by propagation of dislocations into nc fcc-Al grains, whereas the compressive strength at elevated temperature is determined by dislocation propagation as well as dynamic recovery. The low tensile fracture strengths and lack of ductility at temperatures below 300 °C are attributed to the limited dislocation storage capacity of nanoscale grains. Since the deformation of the nc Al-alloy is controlled by dislocation propagation into nc fcc-Al grains, the smaller the grain size, the higher the strength. This new microstructural design methodology coupled with ductility-improving approaches could present opportunities for exploiting nc materials in structural applications at both ambient and elevated temperatures.
Thermal design rules for electronic components on conducting boards in passively cooled enclosures

A better understanding is needed of the approaches and limitations for rejecting heat dissipated from VLSI components mounted on multi-layer printed circuit boards housed in small enclosures, as for example those encountered in small consumer electronics, and, in notebook, laptop, or hand-held personal computers. This paper derives new first order thermal design formulae for determining the peak temperatures of sources on conducting substrates, and for determining the thermal "zone of influence" or "footprint" associated with a component on a board. A one-dimensional thin board radial fin approach is used with inclusion of a circular source to represent the heat dissipating component. Exact solutions are presented for sources at the center, edge, and corner of a rectangular board. The results are compared with with both 2-d and 3-d calculations for rectangular sources on a board using the finite element method. Excellent agreement is found in predicting the maximum temperature, with maximum differences of order 10%. Simple algebraic design formulae, useful for rapid estimation, are derived from the complete solutions by taking advantage of the asymptotic behavior at small and large values of the board parameter, m. An unambiguous thermal footprint radius is defined in terms of the tangent line at the inflection point of the temperature profile. Parametric studies show that the radius corresponds to the point at which the board temperature drops to roughly 18% of its peak temperature, for all variations of board thickness and conductivity of practical interest. The simple analytical model is used to predict the temperatures on a populated board, using a linear superposition principle, and it is found to be in good agreement with experimental results for boards with multiple heat sources. >
A scalable algorithm for mining maximal frequent sequences using sampling

We propose an efficient scalable algorithm for mining Maximal Sequential Patterns using Sampling (MSPS). The MSPS algorithm reduces much more search space than other algorithms because both the subsequence infrequency based pruning and the supersequence frequency based pruning are applied. In MSPS, sampling technique is used to identify long frequent sequences earlier, instead of enumerating all their subsequences. We propose how to adjust the user-specified minimum support level for mining a sample of the database to achieve better performance. This method makes sampling more efficient when the minimum support is small. A signature technique is utilized for the subsequence infrequency based pruning when the seed set of frequent sequences for the candidate generation is too big to be loaded into memory. A prefix tree structure is developed to count the candidate sequences of different sizes during the database scanning, and it also facilitates the customer sequence trimming. Our experiments showed MSPS has very good performance and better scalability than other algorithms.
Revision cochlear implantation following internal auditory canal insertion.

Objectives/Hypothesis In pediatric patients with congenital malformations of the inner ear, anomalies within the anatomy may facilitate unintentional insertion of the cochlear implant electrode into the internal auditory canal. Revision procedures for removal and replacement of cochlear implant electrodes following internal auditory canal insertion are fraught with potential danger, including the theoretical risk of injury to vasculature within the internal auditory canal, repeat insertion within the internal auditory canal, and cerebrospinal fluid leak. The objective of this presentation is to describe a technique for revision cochlear implantation following internal auditory canal insertion to minimize the potential associated risks. Study Design Case series. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients at a tertiary care facility who underwent revision cochlear implantation for internal auditory canal insertion between January 1999 and July 2011. Results A total of four patients referred from outside institutions have undergone revision cochlear implantation for internal auditory canal insertion. The records from these patients were reviewed. Electrodes were safely removed in all cases without injury to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery or its branches (i.e., labyrinthine artery). Complete insertion was accomplished on reimplantation. Neural response telemetry was performed in all cases, and responses were noted. Fluoroscopy was utilized to visualize electrode progression during insertion. A detailed description of the operative technique is provided. Conclusions This case series describes a technique for revision cochlear implantation that appears to be safe and effective in preventing potential associated complications. Laryngoscope, 123:3141–3147, 2013
Pressure distribution on forward face of blunt bodies at angle of attack.

For this situation the sensitivity coefficient of radial velocity error decreases with increasing range (\v\ > 90°) but the sensitivity coefficient of downrange velocity error increases at a rate slightly more than proportional to the increase in range. For a representative lunar midcourse position (Ri = 2QRP) e = 0.98), the second sensitivit}^ coefficient is more than 100 times as significant as the first. This also agrees with previous numerical data. The examples presented are the simplest since perigee altitude error does not involve the time increment between orbit reference points. Examination of the downrange error from reference perigee does require a calculation of the time increment and so does examination of altitude error at any end reference point other than perigee. However, particular sensitivity coefficients and general trends are available for any other end condition desired.
On analyticity of travelling water waves

In this paper we establish the existence and analyticity of periodic solutions of a classical free-boundary model of the evolution of three-dimensional, capillary–gravity waves on the surface of an ideal fluid. The result is achieved through the application of bifurcation theory to a boundary perturbation formulation of the problem, and it yields analyticity jointly with respect to the perturbation parameter and the spatial variables. The travelling waves we find can be interpreted as resulting from the (nonlinear) interaction of two two-dimensional wavetrains, giving rise to a periodic travelling pattern. Our analyticity theorem extends the most sophisticated results known to date in the absence of resonance; ‘short crested waves’, which result from the interaction of two wavetrains with unit amplitude ratio are realized as a special case. Our method of proof also sheds light on the convergence and conditioning properties of classical boundary perturbation methods for the numerical approximation of travelling surface waves. Indeed, we demonstrate that the rather unstable numerical behaviour of these approaches can be attributed to the strong but subtle cancellations in the formulas underlying their classical implementations. These observations motivate the derivation and use of an alternative, stable, formulation which, in addition to providing our method of proof, suggests new stabilized implementations of boundary perturbation algorithms.
Hemispheric asymmetry in the processing of stroop stimuli: An examination of age and gender differences

In responding to Stroop stimuli, individuals consistently respond with shorter latencies when reading the color word than when reporting the hue of the color word stimulus. The responses of second graders and sixth graders and data from an earlier study of university students were included in the analyses. For all groups the expected Stroop effect was present. An analysis of covariance revealed that the covariable, the word score, was significantly related to the color score for all age groups. Whether or not the data were controlled for handedness and language, there was a significant difference between sexes for university students but not for second or sixth graders.
DELINQUENCY AND GENDER MODERATION IN THE MOVING TO OPPORTUNITY INTERVENTION: THE ROLE OF EXTENDED NEIGHBORHOODS

A long history of research has indicated that neighborhood poverty increases youth's risk taking and delinquency. This literature predominantly has treated neighborhoods as independent of their surroundings despite rapidly growing ecological evidence on the geographic clustering of crime that suggests otherwise. This study proposes that to understand neighborhood effects, investigating youth's wider surroundings holds theoretical and empirical value. By revisiting longitudinal data on more than 1500 low-income youth who participated in the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) randomized intervention, this article explores the importance of extended neighborhoods (neighborhoods and surroundings) and different concentrated disadvantage configurations in shaping gender differences in risk taking and delinquency. The results from two-stage, least-squares analyses suggest that the extended neighborhoods matter and they matter differently by gender. Among girls, extended neighborhoods without concentrated disadvantage were associated with lower risk-taking prevalence than extended neighborhoods with concentrated disadvantage. In contrast, among boys, localized concentration of disadvantage was associated with the highest prevalence of risk taking and delinquency. Interactions between the immediate and surrounding neighborhoods were similarly associated with differential opportunity and social disorganization mediators. Among the more critical potential mediators of the link between localized disadvantage and boys’ risk taking were delinquent network ties, strain, and perceived absence of legitimate opportunities for success.
iNKT Cell Cytotoxic Responses Control T-Lymphoma Growth In Vitro and In Vivo

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells comprise a lineage of CD1d-restricted glycolipid-reactive T lymphocytes with important roles in host immunity to cancer. iNKT cells indirectly participate in antitumor responses by inducing dendritic cell maturation and producing cytokines that promote tumor clearance by CD8+ T and NK cells. Although iNKT cells thereby act as potent cellular adjuvants, it is less clear whether they directly control the growth of tumors. To gain insights into the direct contribution of iNKT cells to tumor immune surveillance, we developed in vitro and in vivo systems to selectively examine the antitumor activity of iNKT cells in the absence of other cytolytic effectors. Using the EL4 T-lymphoma cell line as a model, we found that iNKT cells exert robust and specific lysis of tumor cells in vitro in a manner that is differentially induced by iNKT cell agonists of varying T-cell receptor (TCR) affinities, such as OCH, α-galactosyl ceramide, and PBS44. In vitro blockade of CD1d-mediated lipid antigen presentation, disruption of TCR signaling, or loss of perforin expression significantly reduce iNKT cell killing. Consistent with these findings, iNKT cell reconstitution of T, B, and NK cell–deficient mice slows EL4 growth in vivo via TCR-CD1d and perforin-dependent mechanisms. Together, these observations establish that iNKT cells are sufficient to control the growth of T lymphoma in vitro and in vivo. They also suggest that the induction of iNKT cell cytotoxic responses in situ might serve as a more effective strategy to prevent and/or treat CD1d+ cancers, such as T lymphoma.
Clustering documents along multiple dimensions

Traditional clustering algorithms are designed to search for a single clustering solution despite the fact that multiple alternative clustering solutions might exist for a particular dataset. For example, a set of news articles might be clustered by topic or by the author's gender or age. Similarly, book reviews might be clustered by sentiment or comprehensiveness. In this paper, we address the problem of identifying alternative clustering solutions by developing a Probabilistic Multi-Clustering (PMC) model that discovers multiple, maximally different clusterings of a data sample. Empirical results on six datasets representative of real-world applications show that our PMC model exhibits superior performance to comparable multi-clustering algorithms.
Linkage isomerism in a face-centered cubic Cu6Cr8(CN)24 cluster with an S = 15 ground state

Access to the new complex [TpCr(CN)3]− enables isolation of two metastable linkage isomers of a face-centered cubic cluster, [Tp8(H2O)6Cu6Cr8(CN)24]4+, both exhibiting an S = 15 ground state.
Visualizing motion in video

In this paper, we present a visualization system and method for measuring, inspecting and analyzing motion in video. Starting from a simple motion video, the system creates a still image representation which we call a digital strobe photograph. Similar to visualization techniques used in conventional film photography to capture high-speed motion using strobe lamps or very fast shutters, and to capture time-lapse motion where the shutter is left open, this methodology creates a single image showing the motion of one or a small number of objects over time. Based on digital background subtraction, we assume that the background is stationary or at most slowing changing and that the camera position is fixed. The method is capable of displaying the motion based on a parameter indicating the time step between successive movements. It can also overcome problems of visualizing movement that is obscured by previous movements. The method is used in an educational software tool for children to measure and analyze various motions. Examples are given using simple physical objects such as balls and pendulums, astronomical events such as the path of the stars around the north pole at night, or the different types of locomotion used by snakes.
The effectiveness of a peripatetic allergy nurse practitioner service in managing atopic allergy in general practice--a pilot study.

Summary The effectiveness of an allergy nurse practitioner service operating within community health care was evaluated in terms of symptom improvement and reduction in allergy related general practitioner consultations and prescribed medication. A postal questionnaire survey of 53 allergy patients, identified from three general practices in the Norwich area during a pilot scheme, was carried out concurrently with a survey of the patients' case records at the surgeries. The questionnaire included questions concerning allergy status, general practitioner visits and the number of prescribed medications supplied. The main outcome measures were the number of general practitioner consultations and prescribed medications before and after the allergy nurse practitioner consultation and the patient's reported level of symptoms. The results showed that the intervention of an allergy nurse practitioner consultation produced significant reductions in the outcome measures. The number requiring a general practitioner consultation fell by 40% (from 133 to 80, P < 0.001) and the number of prescribed medications fell by 42% (from 153 to 89, P < 0.001). Twenty-seven (69%) of the 39 patients who responded to the questionnaire reported an improvement in symptoms, whilst 26% (n= 10) remained the same and 5% (n= 2) were worse. An additional study of 23 of the +ve skin-tested patients, over an extended period, showed greater reductions in general practitioner consultations and prescribed medication (71%, P < 0.001 and 59%, P < 0.004 respectively). In conclusion, it is apparent that the application of developed skills and expertise in allergy assessment by a nurse coupled with time can lead to improvement in symptom level in allergy patients. Such a service also has the possibility of providing savings within the National Health Service. Simply prescribing drugs without a system of self-management and avoidance measures is unlikely to improve the care available to allergy patients.
The Code of the Street and Romantic Relationships: A dyadic analysis.

Since its publication, Elijah Anderson's (1999) Code of the Street thesis has found support in studies connecting disadvantage to the internalization of street-oriented values and an associated lifestyle of violent/deviant behavior. This primary emphasis on deviance in public arenas has precluded researchers from examining the implications of the code of the street for less public arenas, such as intimate relationships. In an effort to understand if and how the endorsement of the street code may infiltrate such relationships, this study examines the associations between the code of the street and relationship satisfaction and commitment among young adults involved in heterosexual romantic relationships. Using a dyadic approach, the study finds that street code orientation, in general, negatively predicts satisfaction and commitment, in part due to increased relationship hostility/conflict associated with the internalization of the code. Gender differences in these associations are considered and discussed at length. Language: en
Codiffusion of Wireless Voice and Data Services: An Empirical Analysis of the Japanese Mobile Telecommunications Market

Wireless telecommunications have become over time a ubiquitous tool that not only sustains our increasing need for flexibility and efficiency, but also provides new ways to access and experience both utilitarian and hedonic information goods and services. This paper explores the parallel market evolution of the two main categories of wireless services - voice and data - in leading technology markets, inspecting the differences and complex interactions between the associated adoption processes. We propose a model that addresses specific individual characteristics of these two services and the stand-alone/add-on relationship between them. In particular, we acknowledge the distinction between the nonoverlapping classes of basic consumers, who only subscribe to voice plans, and sophisticated consumers, who adopt both services. We also account for the fact that, unlike voice services, data services rapidly evolved over time due to factors such as interface improvement, gradual technological advances in data transmission speed and security, and the increase in volume and diversity of the content and services ported to mobile Internet. Moreover, we consider the time gap between the market introduction of these services and allow for different corresponding consumer learning curves. We test our model on the Japanese wireless market. The empirical analysis reveals several interesting results. In addition to an expected one-way effect of voice on data adoption at the market potential level, we do find two-way codiffusion effects at the speed of adoption level. We also observe that basic consumers impact the adoption of wireless voice services in a stronger way compared to sophisticated consumers. This, in turn, leads to a decreasing average marginal network effect of voice subscribers on the adoption of wireless voice services. Furthermore, we find that the willingness of voice consumers to consider adopting data services is positively related to both time and penetration of 3G-capable handsets among voice subscribers.
Vascular compliance in lean, obese, and diabetic children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study in a minority population.

Background: In adults, both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are positively correlated with cardiovascular disease mortality and arterial stiffness. Se
Comparison of performance of children taught by the physical education specialist and by the classroom teacher.

Abstract A study of comparison in performance in selected motor skills between elementary school children taught by the specialist in physical education and those taught by the classroom teacher was made. Five tests of motor skills related to running, jumping, and ball handling were administered to approximately 200 grade 6 boys and girls from eight different schools who were taught physical education by the specialist, and to 200 grade 6 boys and girls from nine additional schools who were taught physical education by the classroom teacher. Mean scores for each test were compared separately for boys and girls using the t test of significance for two independent samples. Significant differences in favor of the group taught by the specialist were found on all five tests for girls and in three of the five tests for boys.
Hybrid Faiths: Latino Protestants Find a Home Among the Dutch Reformed in Iowa

This article examines the formation of a Protestant church in northwest Iowa, Amistad Cristiana, as a hybrid religious site of Anglo/Latino worship. The church is the product of three larger social phenomenon: the development of a global Christianity that increasingly finds its most fervent members originating in Latin America and Africa; the movement of Latinos to new sections of the US, including parts of the Midwest and South; and growing numbers of Latino Protestants. While some critics have argued that Protestantism is linked to assimilation, I show the inadequacy of this notion and demonstrate rather the hybrid practices that define Amistad and bring together the dominant Dutch Reformed ethnic group with the Latino newcomers. While differences remain, the two groups are united by their reliance on a Protestant work ethic. It remains to be seen, however, whether the Reformed Church will work against an economic system that increasingly relies on Latinos to constitute the low-paid workforce for the meat-packing plants and dairy farms.
Tracking a Maneuvering Target with an Underactuated UAV in the SE(3) Space

This work studies the problem of controlling an underactuated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle subject to Newton-Euler dynamics (such as, a helicopter or a quadrotor) following a maneuvering, unpredictable target in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. The nonlinear control law, derived using Lyapunov-based design and the backstepping algorithm, regulates the distance to the target to any given, smooth, time or state dependent trajectory. The solution is based on full state feedback, as far as the pursuing vehicle is concerned, and kinematic measurements of the target’s motion. The proposed controller provides asymptotic stability for the tracking error dynamics of the target-follower system. Numerical simulations highlight the capabilities of the proposed controller.
High Temperature and Controlled Atmosphere Treatment of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Infested Walnuts Using a Gas-Tight Treatment Chamber

A prototype treatment chamber for application of high temperature alone or with controlled atmospheres was designed and tested for disinfesting walnut fruit of diapausing larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). All treatments were made at 43°C with air, 0.5% oxygen (in nitrogen), or 98% carbon dioxide (balance air). Earlier in vitro laboratory research, at 43°C, provided exposure time estimates for 95% mortality of 45.2 h for air, 14.6 h for 0.5% O 2 , and 5.2 h for 98% CO 2 . Treatment of diapausing codling moth larvae within walnuts under these conditions in the prototype chamber resulted in mortalities of 97.6% for air, 96.1% for 0.5% O 2 , and 97.6% for CO 2 . Surviving larvae were moribund and subsequently died.
Implementation of a Preventive Services Bundle in Academic Pediatric Primary Care Centers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have documented poor rates of delivery of preventive services, 1 of the core services provided in the primary care medical home setting. We aimed to increase the reliability of delivering a bundle of preventive services to patients 0 to 14 months of age from 58% of patient visits to 95% of visits. The bundle includes administration of routine vaccinations, offering influenza vaccination, completed lead screening, completed developmental screening tool, screening for maternal depression and food insecurity, and documentation of gestational age. METHODS: The setting was 3 academic pediatric primary care clinics that serve 31 000 patients (>90% Medicaid). Quality improvement methodology was used and key driver diagram was determined. Patient “Ideal Visit Flow” and the Responsible, Accountable, Support, Consulted, and Informed Matrix were developed to drive accountability for components of the ideal flow. Plan, Do, Study, Act cycles were used to develop successful interventions. The percent of patients seen who received all bundle elements for which they were eligible was plotted weekly on a run chart, and statistical process control methods were used to determine a significant change in performance. RESULTS: The preintervention percentage of patient visits ages 0 to 14 months receiving all preventive service bundle elements was 58%. The postintervention percentage is 92%. CONCLUSIONS: Innovative redesign led to improvement in percentage of patients age 0 to 14 months who received the entire preventive services bundle. Key elements for success were multidisciplinary site-specific teams, redesigned visit flow, effective communication, and resources for data and project management.
MBE Growth and Characterization of Epitaxial MnS and ZnSe Heterostructures on GaAs

The growth and characterization of heteroepitaxial ZnSe and both rock salt and zinc blende MnS on (100) GaAs substrates is described. The ZnSe layers were grown using a novel thermal cyclic annealing procedure, and exhibit the narrowest double crystal X-ray diffraction rocking curves (28 arc sec FWHM) and free exciton low temperature photoluminescence peaks (0.93 meV FWHM) ever reported. Growth of thin (~300 A) layers of metastable zinc blende MnS is achieved for the first time using ZnSe buffer layers and low temperature growth. The material is characterized using low temperature and room temperature photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy.
Phase II trial of sequential high-dose chemotherapy with paclitaxel, melphalan and cyclophosphamide, thiotepa and carboplatin with peripheral blood progenitor support in women with responding metastatic breast cancer.

A single high-dose cycle of chemotherapy can produce response rates in excess of 50%. However, disease-free survival (DFS) is 15–20% at 5 years. The single most important predictor of prolonged DFS is achieving a complete response (CR). Increasing the proportion of patients who achieve a complete response may improve disease-free survival. Women with metastatic breast cancer and at least a partial response (PR) to induction chemotherapy received three separate high-dose cycles of chemotherapy with peripheral blood progenitor support and G-CSF. The first intensification was paclitaxel (825 mg/m2), the second melphalan (180 mg/m2) and the third consisted of cyclophosphamide 6000 mg/m2 (1500 mg/m2/day × 4), thiotepa 500 mg/m2 (125 mg/m2/day × 4) and carboplatin 800 mg/m2 (200 mg/m2/day × 4) (CTCb). Sixty-one women were enrolled and 60 completed all three cycles. Following the paclitaxel infusion most patients developed a reversible, predominantly sensory polyneuropathy. Of the 30 patients with measurable disease, 12 converted to CR, nine converted to a PR*, and five had a further PR, giving an overall response rate of 87%. The toxic death rate was 5%. No patient progressed on study. Thirty percent are progression-free with a median follow-up of 31 months (range 1–43 months) and overall survival is 61%. Three sequential high-dose cycles of chemotherapy are feasible and resulted in a high response rate. The challenge continues to be maintenance of response and provides the opportunity to evaluate strategies for eliminating minimal residual disease.
Assessing risks and opportunities of technology infusion in system design: Regular Papers

Most new technologies only deliver value once they are infused into a parent system. While the literature on innovation itself is abundant, there is a lack of understanding and methodology in terms of evaluating both the risks and opportunities of new technologies not in isolation, but in terms of their integration into a parent system in a wider regulatory and competitive context. This paper presents a technology infusion assessment methodology to quantify the potential performance benefits of new technologies using multiobjective Pareto analysis. Moreover, the costs of infusing new technologies are also considered using the concept of architectural invasiveness relative to a baseline system. The degree of invasiveness of different system architectures is related to the amount of design change required to accommodate the new technology. This is quantified with a component-based change Design Structure Matrix (DSM). Risks and opportunities are quantified by evaluating the utility of future benefits and costs of a new technology against uncertain exogenous variables such as gains made by competing technologies and potential future regulatory actions. The technology infusion methodology is demonstrated for a hydrogen-enhanced combustion engine, where the effects of integrating a plasma fuel reformer are quantified and discussed in terms of fuel economy, NOx emissions, and add-on vehicle costs. The methodology is generally applicable to support quantitative analysis of technology infusion problems in system design. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 10: 1– 25, 2007Note: An early version of this manuscript was presented as a conference paper: R.M. Smaling and O.L. de Weck, Fuzzy Pareto frontiers in multidisciplinary system architecture analysis, AIAA-2004-4553, 10th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, Albany, NY, August 30– September 1, 2004.
Amino Acids in Human Blood Plasma after Single Meals of Meat, Oil, Sucrose and Whiskey

Six healthy men (21 to 38 years; 58 to 80 kg) consumed an adequate diet in a metabolism unit. At 4-day intervals they ingested test meals and venous blood was drawn before and after ingestion at intervals for 8 hours. Test meals were 100, 200, and 300 g of cooked lean meat and quantities of corn oil, sucrose, and whiskey isoenergetic with 200 g of meat. Plasma was analyzed for 20 amino acids. Mean totals of amino acids (micromoles per liter) were maximally elevated at 1 or 2 hours post cibum for all meals and remained above fasting values at 4 hours, with one exception (glucose meal). At 8 hours they were all below fasting values with one exception (whiskey meal). Individual responses varied so much that mean values are misleading. One subject responded well to ingestion of 100 or 200 g of meat but failed to respond to 300 g of meat, oil, or sucrose. Another subject responded well to oil and sucrose, but failed to respond to 100 or 200 g of meat. Mean total fasting amino acid values for all subjects were relatively constant but values for individual subjects ranged from 16% above to 18% below their own fasting means. Ingestion of whiskey invariably resulted in a significant decline in molar ratios for histidine and a significant increase for threonine.
Dynamic analysis of port crane in case of modifying amplitude with second-order effect

The large scale moving elastic dynamics of port crane in case of modifying amplitude with second-order effect is analyzed.The deformation and motion of flexible body are described using the flexible multi-body system dynamics.The general flexible element' dynamic equations with second-order effect in local coordination system are derived based on the nonlinear finite element theory.The dynamic equations of the flexible beam element are derived using the shape function of three-node Euler-Bernoulli beam element.The static condensation and co-mobile coordinate system are used and the dynamic equations of two-node beam element in global coordinate system are developed.The modifying-amplitude case of port crane' boom system is analyzed with second-order effect considered.The results show that the displacement and internal force fluctuate on the linear solutions and the amplitude is bigger when the second-order effect is considered.So the heavy-duty flexible machine must be analyzed using the elastic dynamics with second-order effect.
The simple but not-too-simple valuation of ecosystem services: basic principles and an illustrative example

Albert Einstein is reputed to have said ‘Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.’ This is good advice for valuing ecosystem services. The fundamental principle of economic valuation is simple, but powerful: value is determined on the margin. This means that context is crucial in estimating ecosystem service values and, therefore, ‘benefit transfer’ exercises that fail to account for location and relative abundance are, at best, meaningless, and at worst, counterproductive. I illustrate the principles of valuation with the example of water purification by riparian buffers. Values can differ greatly over even relatively small areas, and some ostensibly paradoxical results can arise.
Updating an Existing Social Graph Snapshot via a Limited API

We study the problem of graph tracking with limited information. In this paper, we focus on updating a social graph snapshot. Say we have an existing partial snapshot, G1, of the social graph stored at some system. Over time G1 becomes out of date. We want to update G1 through a public API to the actual graph, restricted by the number of API calls allowed. Periodically recrawling every node in the snapshot is prohibitively expensive. We propose a scheme where we exploit indegrees and outdegrees to discover changes to the actual graph. When there is ambiguity, we probe the graph and verify edges. We propose a novel strategy designed for limited information that can be adapted to different levels of staleness. We evaluate our strategy against recrawling on real datasets and show that it saves an order of magnitude of API calls while introducing minimal errors.
Role of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Support of the Vitamin D Initiative of the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements

Since 2005, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has collaborated with the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) to improve the quality of measurements related to human nutritional markers of vitamin D status. In support of the NIH-ODS Vitamin D Initiative, including the Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP), NIST efforts have focused on (1) development of validated analytical methods, including reference measurement procedures (RMPs); (2) development of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs); (3) value assignment of critical study samples using NIST RMPs; and (4) development and coordination of laboratory measurement QA programs. As a result of this collaboration, NIST has developed RMPs for 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 [25(OH)D2], 25(OH)D3, and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24R,25(OH)2D3]; disseminated serum-based SRMs with values assigned for 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, 3-epi-25(OH)D3, and 24R,25(OH)2D3; assigned values for critical samples for VDSP studies, including an extensive interlaboratory comparison and reference material commutability study; provided an accuracy basis for the Vitamin D External Quality Assurance Scheme; coordinated the first accuracy-based measurement QA program for the determination of 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 in human serum/plasma; and developed methods and SRMs for the determination of vitamin D and 25(OH)D in food and supplement matrix SRMs. The details of these activities and their benefit and impact to the NIH-ODS Vitamin D Initiative are described.
Featural definition of syntactic positions: Evidence from hyper-raising

Hyper-raising consists in raising a DP from an embedded finite clause into the matrix clause. HR introduces a phase problem: the embedded clause is finite, which is supposed to be impervious to raising. This can be overcome by postulating A-features at the C of the the embedded clause. They trigger the movement of the subject to [Spec, CP]. Being at the edge of a phase, it is visible to a matrix probe. If successful, this analysis provides support for the claim that syntactic positions are not inherently A or A-bar; they can be defined featurally instead.
Spectral windows for satellite radar altimeters

Abstract A satellite altimeter’s waveform is a power spectral density (PSD) estimate that displays backscattered power as a function of range, and in the Delay/Doppler or multi-looked SAR (D/D-SAR) algorithm, also of along-track position. Earth surfaces reflect radar power at a continuum of ranges and along-track positions, and so waveforms inevitably suffer from spectral leakage. Leakage may be mitigated, and the PSD resolution (“point target response”, PTR) shaped, by employing a spectral window, in either or both of the range and along-track dimensions. This paper demonstrates the sampling, symmetry and zero-padding required to ensure that the window does not introduce any distortion of the waveform. Because the PTR shapes the waveform through convolution, this paper characterizes waveform resolution in terms of PTR integrals. Expressing these as matrix-vector quadratic forms shows that ideal windows may be built from eigenvectors of appropriate matrices. A new approach taken here is to seek windows that make the PTR as nearly Gaussian as possible, since a Gaussian PTR is assumed in theoretical models for the statistical expectation of waveforms from uniformly rough surfaces. Up to now, altimeters have used either rectangular or Hamming windows, but this paper proposes other windows that provide a narrower and more Gaussian PTR with adequate leakage suppression. CryoSat-2 SAR mode data over transponders and leads in sea ice are processed with various windows to demonstrate applications and results.
Methylmercaptopurine Ribonucleoside Toxicity in Human Fibroblasts: Inhibition of Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase as Well as Amidophosphoribosyltransferase

Abundant evidence has been presented to indicate that phospho-ribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) is the rate-limiting substrate for purine synthesis de novo (for review, see ref.1). Cultured cells derived from patients with purine overproduction have increased intracellular PRPP concentrations resulting from either increased PRPP synthesis or diminished PRPP utilization in alternative pathways (2–5). PRPP synthesis is catalyzed by PRPP synthetase (E.C. 2.7.6.1). Several distinct superactive forms of this enzyme have been described in association with increased PRPP generation and increased rates of purine synthesis de novo (3–6). Among these mutant forms of PRPP synthetase are enzymes with: increased maximal velocity of the reaction but normal sensitivity to purine nucleotide inhibition of enzyme activity (7); normal maximal velocity but altered regulatory properties (3, 6); both altered catalytic and regulatory properties (8).