cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of ScPrI, a small serine protease, from mycelia of Schizophyllum commune

Schizophyllum commune produces a variety of mycelial proteolytic enzymes. The specific functions of many of these enzymes are unknown, but several have elevated activity when the mycelium is grown in nitrogen-limiting conditions, suggesting a role in mycelial autolysis. We have purified one of these nitrogen-limitation induced enzymes, a small serine protease, ScPrI, from S. commune mycelial extracts. ScPrI has an apparent molecular mass of 22 kDa and is active against classical substrates for chymotrypsin and subtilisin proteases. The pH optimum for activity is neutral to slightly alkaline and the protein denatures above 50 °C. The enzyme is inhibited by PMSF, TPCK and chymostatin, and it shows little dependence on metal ions. Hydrolysis of oxidized insulin B-chain peptide by ScPrI demonstrated cleavage following aromatic amino acids and leucine. Kinetic analysis of hydrolysis of N-succinyl-AAPF-pNA and N-succinyl-AAPL-pNA revealed similar Kms for both substrates but the Vmax was nearly 3-fold higher for the substrate with phenylalanine in the P1 position.
A new safety warning system based on implementation of digital vehicle/highway technology

Although currently seatbelts and airbags are world widely used, there are still more than 40000 people killed annually in traffic accidents. Referred to David Breed's "Road to Zero Fatalities" (RtZF/spl reg/) concept, this paper mainly discusses how to develop and deploy a safety warning system using high precision digital road maps and a combination of various vehicle status sensory techniques, without or with a minimum requirement of additional road infrastructures. This system can help avoid accidents and enhance safety by warning drivers of possible hazardous situations in advance.
Using Developmental Science to Reorient Our Thinking About Criminal Offending in Adolescence

The concept of adolescent development has become a relevant consideration for researchers interested in juvenile delinquency. However, the integration of constructs from developmental psychology into delinquency research is still in its early stages. This article argues that it is time to move beyond description of adolescent antisocial activities and to integrate developmental activities into delinquency research as mediators or moderators. Relevant examples of such an approach are presented.
The evolution of ureteroscopy: a modern single-institution series.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate a modern ureteroscopy series, including the use of new technological advances, operative procedures, and potential complications, at a single institution and to compare our current experience with our prior published series and the current literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 1000 consecutive ureteroscopies performed in 961 patients from December 1999 to February 2003 at our institution. RESULTS Semirigid and flexible ureteroscopes were used in 60.3% and 37.0% of the cases, respectively. In 2.6% of cases, a combination of both rigid and flexible ureteroscopes was required. The most common indications for ureteroscopy were as follows: stone, 57.9%; diagnostic, 20.6%; and urothelial carcinoma, 12.6%. Of the stones treated, 31.8% were proximal or middle and 59.1% distal. The overall, proximal, and distal stone-free rates were 91.7%, 87.3%, and 94.2%, respectively. Average operative time was 81 minutes (range, 5-280 minutes). Average follow-up was 2.36 months (range, 1-24 months). The overall complication rate was 1.9% (18/961), including a 0.2% (2/961) incidence of ureteral strictures. CONCLUSION Current practice trends have shifted to an increased use of flexible ureteroscopes and more frequent ureteroscopic treatment of proximal calculi. Our single treatment stone-free rates are competitive with quoted shock wave lithotripsy success. In addition, there has been a decrease in ureteroscopic-associated complications in our series, with no ureteral avulsions. The improvements in treatment success and decrease in complications may be secondary to advances in ureteroscopic technology.
Variations in the Response of Pituitary Lactotrophs to Oxytocin during the Rat Estrous Cycle

Although removal of dopamine inhibition is established as a major factor in prolactin (PRL) release, a large body of evidence suggests that hypothalamic oxytocin (OT) may serve as a PRL-releasing hormone in the rat. PRL release is modulated by estradiol (E2), which rises between diestrus and proestrus of the estrous cycle, causing a PRL surge in the afternoon of proestrus. Given that E2 strongly modulates OT actions in both central and peripheral tissues, OT action on lactotrophs might also be modulated by the stage of the estrous cycle. To test this hypothesis, we have monitored PRL release and intracellular calcium levels ([Ca(2+)](i)) induced by OT in pituitary lactotrophs obtained from female rats in either diestrus 1 or proestrus. We found that both secretory and [Ca(2+)](i) responses to OT are significantly increased in lactotrophs obtained on proestrus. Moreover, we show that these differences are due to an increase in both the number of OT-responding lactotrophs and the magnitude of their individual [Ca(2+)](i) responses. Both secretory and [Ca(2+)](i) responses were abolished by a specific OT antagonist. Finally, dose-dependent studies show that the increased PRL-releasing effect of OT on proestrus is significant over a wide range of concentrations, particularly those observed in hypophyseal portal plasma. These results suggest that the rising E2 titers that culminate on proestrus facilitate the stimulatory action of OT on lactotrophs and support the notion that OT is a PRL-releasing hormone with an important role in the production of the proestrous surge of PRL.
ENCHANTED ARTIFACTS: SOCIAL PRODUCTIVITY AND IDENTITY IN VIRTUAL MATERIAL ECOLOGIES

Virtual worlds such as Second Life and World of Warcraft offer some of the most immersive, interactive possibilities for learning, simulation, and digital design in use today. While it is clear that they support complex collaborations and productivity, often in highly engaging ways, less well understood are the mechanisms that create conditions favorable to these outcomes. Theories of material ecology offer one approach to improving our understanding of the ways that virtual worlds support these forms of collaboration and productivity. This paper presents two case studies, which consider two particular Second Life ecologies: its public sandboxes (used for developing content with its authoring tools) and the most private spaces of a private role-playing community. This paper offers an application of and a contribution to material ecology theory. The application is to use material ecology theory to understand non- casual productivity and advanced social behavior specifically in Second Life . The theoretical contribution is twofold: to clarify the relationship between a given material ecology and its type or kind; and to propose that technologists extend material ecology theory by incorporating material culture theory.
Perceived quality metrics for low bit rate compressed video

The paper presents an objective metric for the perceived quality of low bit rate compressed video. Frames are decomposed into several frequency bands at multiple scales and a motion detection algorithm is used to segment moving and nonmoving regions. The distance between the decompositions of the reference and distorted video sequences is used to estimate a frame distortion. The pooled error across several frames and the correlation between successive estimates of perceived quality are used to estimate the current perceived quality at a rate of 2 samples per second. The results of a subjective evaluation of perceived quality are used to determine the model parameters. The variety of content and coding conditions used in the subjective evaluation permits a wide range of training conditions. The results indicate that the metric can capture many of the features of the measured perceived quality over time.
The Meaning of “Cult” and the Interpretation of the Old Testament

NE of the most vexing problems in present day Old Testament studies is a definition of what is meant by "cult." Yet the concept of cult provides a middle way between a positivistic historiography, on the one hand, and a rationalistic, ideational approach, on the other. That is, it provides a way in which one can recognize the nature of Israelite reality as a structure of existence. In order to approach a structure, one must engage in what has been called "understanding" (German: Verstehen). This attitude is different from the gathering of factual data as well as from the contemplation of abstract ideas. Both the factual and the ideational approaches were signally important methods in the nineteenth century. The structural approach has reached a relatively greater dominance in the twentieth century, though it should be made clear that all three paths have been employed in varying ways in both of the periods mentioned. In the light of our modern knowledge, there is now little point in arguing, as still often happens, for the relative importance of historical and ideational approaches as opposed to each other;' for both of these are, to a considerable extent, transcended by the process of structural understanding. At any rate, the concept of cult is one that must be discussed primarily from the structural side.2 For cult is not a mere fact, though all its parts are factual data. Cult is no mere idea, though it contains ideas. Cult is a pattern of facts which have a reasonable connection with each other in the mind and attitude of the person who stands within it. For instance: The cutting of an animal is an observable fact. The notion that the world was created by the death of some being is an idea. The recognition that this notion is somehow linked with that act is a part of structural understanding. Human reality is best approached by this third route, since man's life consists essentially of symbolic, meaningful activity. It is not easy to get rid of the rule of factual and ideational tendencies in interpretation. Even into discussions about the cult extraneous considerations arising out of misapplied categories easily enter. For instance, the very phrase "the cult" is a reification which leads
Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: Overview and impact on gait and mobility

Abnormality in gait is a cardinal feature of Parkinson's disease. Walking is characterized by relatively preserved sequencing of trunk and limb movements, but diminished velocity, shortened stride length, increased base, and diminished double stance support time. The principle problem producing the gait abnormalities is dopamine deficiency, which is hypothesized to disrupt pallido-thalamic modulation of cortical motor regions that automatically regulate walking. Deep brain stimulation currently is directed at either the globus pallidum internus (GPi) or subthalamic nucleus (STN) and improves many of the abnormal characteristics of parkinsonian gait with efficacy similar to dopamine replacement. The optimal target for stimulation remains uncertain and is currently being addressed in a large VA cooperative study. Our studies show that unilateral stimulation of GPi or STN improves gait to a similar extent. Functional and quantitative gait analyses confirm sustained improvement in gait dynamics with bilateral stimulation for periods for more than several years. Parkinsonian gait is also improved with rehabilitation training, primarily using external visual or auditory cues. The combination of deep brain stimulation, pharmacotherapy, and rehabilitation training may result in more effective comprehensive approaches to the reduced mobility associated with Parkinson's disease.
Spontaneous Coronary Arteriosclerosis in Repeatedly Bred Male and Female Rats

Repeatedly bred male and female rats of several strains develop arteriosclerosis spontaneously, irrespective of diet. The severity of the lesions differs between male and female breeders. The morphology and pathogenesis of these lesions have been found to be the same in all of the strains examined. Once the process of arteriosclerosis has been initiated within the abdominal aorta, the subendocardial and medium-sized myocardial coronary arteries also show degenerative changes. The large epicardial coronary arteries become arteriosclerotic only when the process of arteriosclerosis has become severe and generally distributed throughout the aorta. The smaller subendocardial lesions are characterized by occlusive swelling of medial muscle cells and by the presence of vacuoles. These vacuoles react negatively to lipid stains but stain positively for mucopolysaccharide. The myocardial arteries show endothelial hyperplasia, elastosis and accumulations of mucopolysaccharides, especially in the region of fragmented...
Looking Forward: New Research Priorities

Thirty people, three days, at the lovely Exeter Inn. I calculated that that’s 90 person-days, which is a quarter of a person-year. With all the preparation that went into the workshop at least one person-year of effort has been invested in this important enterprise. Our intent of selecting the Exeter Inn in New Hampshire was to enable us to catch some of the lovely fall colors; but it rained! Fortunately, it’s now clearing up, and so on the way to the airport, many of us will be able to see the changing fall colors of New England.
You-Are-Here Maps for International Space Station: Approach and Guidelines

Guidelines for designing you-are-here (YAH) maps aboard International Space Station (ISS) are proposed, based on results from previous 3D spatial navigation studies conducted by our research group and colleagues. This paper reviews terrestrial YAH maps, the common errors associated with them, and how to appropriately implement what is known from terrestrial to micro-gravity YAH maps. We conclude with a creative example of an ISS YAH map that utilizes given guidelines and information visualization techniques.
Bipolar magnetic junction transistors for logic applications

There has been widespread interest in the development of semiconductor spintronic devices for information processing and storage. While much of the research has been centered on the Datta-Das spin field effect transistor, it has not been realized. As an alternative approach, the bipolar magnetic junction transistor (MJT) has been proposed. Recently the bipolar MJT has been demonstrated using the dilute magnetic semiconductor InMnAs. The transistor operates at room temperature with a gain of the order of 20. Logic circuits have been proposed based on both magnetic semiconductor diodes and MJT devices.
A Macroscopic Model of Electromigration: Comparison with Experiment

Comparison of theory and experiment is critical in microelectronic reliability. In this work, a model which has been previously used for electromigration time to failure predictions (developed by Harrison) is extended to include predictions for numbers of voids and void sizes. Predictions from the model are compared to experimental measurements. The model makes reasonable predictions for mean lifetimes, numbers of voids, and void areas with very few free parameters. The model, however, does not adequately reproduce the range of lifetimes found in experiment.
Management of Psychotropic Drug–Induced DRESS Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe cutaneous eruption that has been linked to several common drugs and drug categories, including antiepileptics, allopurinol, sulfonamides, and various antibiotics; however, because of a number of recent case reports linking psychotropic medications to this condition, DRESS is increasingly recognized among psychiatrists. We systematically reviewed all psychotropic drugs linked to DRESS syndrome, and this article summarizes the clinical management relevant to psychiatric professionals. A comprehensive search was performed using Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Scopus, and Litt's Drug Eruption and Reaction Database for articles published in English during the past 20 years (1996-2015) using the search terms (1) psychotropic drugs OR serotonin uptake inhibitors AND DRESS or (2) psychotropic drugs AND drug reaction (or rash) eosinophilia systemic syndrome, and all article abstracts were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria by 3 reviewers. Two independent reviewers examined the full text of 163 articles, of which 96 (25 original articles, 12 review articles, 55 case reports, and 4 letters to the editor) were included in the systematic review. We identified 1072 cases of psychotropic drug-induced DRESS, with carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, valproate, and phenobarbital being the most implicated drugs. Based on our review of the literature, we outline management principles that include prompt withdrawal of the causative drug, hospitalization, corticosteroid therapy, and novel treatments, including intravenous immunoglobulin, cyclophosphamide, and cyclosporine, for corticosteroid-resistant DRESS. Finally, we outline strategies for treating comorbid psychiatric illness after a DRESS reaction to the psychotropic medication.
Study on Uncertainty of Operation Efficiency Model of Disposition for Ground-to-Air Defense

In view of a great number of uncertainty factors in air-defense environment, the uncertainty efficiency of ground-to-air defense disposition is discussed by applying ground-to-air defense tactics, uncertainty information theory and unascertained math theory. An uncertainty model is set up to process random information and unascertained information. Based on the subjective judgment of commanders on enemy’s major air-attack direction, air-dropped line, location of projecting precision bombs, and approaching course of cruise missiles, the model is input with random variables and unascertained rational numbers. After calculation of unascertained expectation, the operation efficiency value and credibility of defense point, control line and forward combat force disposition can be obtained. With a case analyzed and calculated, the model shows its practicality, furthermore, its characteristics which embody qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis in system engineering process.
Exploring the Visual Communication of Side Effects

This work reports the findings from two studies which evaluate how the presentation of information about medicine side effects influences the understanding of the associated risks. We analyze the performance in terms of understanding and preferences of an initial set of five visual supports to communicate the likelihood of side effects, that were presented via an online survey. After evaluation of results, a follow-up survey, based on a modified set of visualizations, provided additional insights into the most promising visual support. In both studies, numeracy of respondents was collected and subsequently analyzed. We obtained 75 (initial study) and 259 (follow-up study) valid responses. The initial study ruled out spider and pie charts which confused the participants and pointed seemed to indicate bar charts as most promising support. The second study indicated that the grouped icon bar chart may be the most consensual variation among bar charts.
Was Martha of Bethany Added to the Fourth Gospel in the Second Century

This study examines the text transmission of the figure of Martha of Bethany throughout the Fourth Gospel in over one hundred of our oldest extant Greek and Vetus Latina witnesses. The starting point for this study is instability around Martha in our most ancient witness of John 11–12, Papyrus 66. By looking at P66’s idiosyncrasies and then comparing them to the Fourth Gospel's greater manuscript transmission, I hope to demonstrate that Martha's presence shows significant textual instability throughout the Lazarus episode, and thus that this Lukan figure may not have been present in a predecessor text form of the Fourth Gospel that circulated in the second century. In order to gain the greatest amount of data on the Fourth Gospel's text transmission, I rely on several sources. Occasionally these sources conflict in their rendering of a variant; I have tried to make note of these discrepancies and look at photographs of witnesses whenever possible. Although this study is primarily focused on Greek and Vetus Latina witnesses, an occasional noteworthy variant (e.g., from a Syriac or Vulgate witness) may be mentioned when relevant to the subject at hand. The work of many established redaction critics, who have already hypothesized that Martha was not present in an earlier form of this Gospel story, will also be addressed.
Recognizing the Importance of Vaccine Confidence

In the past thirty years we have seen dramatic advances in vaccine technology and development that have yielded vaccines to protect against the pneumococcus, Hib, rotavirus, HPV, and meningococcal disease amongst others (Parashar et al., 1998, Gessner and Adegbola, 2008, Khatami and Pollard, 2010, Lynch and Zhanel, 2010). We have also seen a paradigm shift in the availability of these vaccines in the developing world through the efforts of the Gavi alliance and WHO (Fund V). In addition, new vaccines are being developed to target diseases whose primary impact is in developing countries such as the malaria (Wilby et al., 2012) and meningococcal A vaccines (Kristiansen et al., 2013). These changes in technology and the distribution of vaccines have saved many lives and have the potential to save millions more if widespread vaccine use is sustained. Unfortunately, vaccines safety scares and loss of public and political confidence in vaccines and vaccination programs have the potential to negate these public health gains. As we have seen with the polio eradication program in Africa and Asia, bogus vaccine safety concerns and loss of public confidence in the polio vaccination program, whatever the scientific reality, can derail successful programs (Jegede, 2007). Similarly, unfounded vaccine safety concerns regarding the hepatitis B vaccine in France have led to low hepatitis B vaccination rates and persistent disease there (Marshall, 1998).
Enantioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation Reactions of Dihydropyrido[1,2‐a]indolone Substrates: Efficient Syntheses of (−)‐Goniomitine, (+)‐Aspidospermidine, and (−)‐Quebrachamine

The successful application of dihydropyrido[1,2-a]indolone (DHPI) substrates in Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation chemistry facilitates rapid access to multiple alkaloid frameworks in an enantioselective fashion. Strategic bromination at the indole C3 position greatly improved the allylic alkylation chemistry and enabled a highly efficient Negishi cross-coupling downstream. The first catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-goniomitine, along with divergent formal syntheses of (+)-aspidospermidine and (−)-quebrachamine, are reported herein.
Population-Level Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution during Active Travel: Planning for Low-Exposure, Health-Promoting Cities.

Background:Providing infrastructure and land uses to encourage active travel (i.e., bicycling and walking) are promising strategies for designing health-promoting cities. Population-level exposure ...
Thalamic miR-338-3p mediates auditory thalamocortical disruption and its late onset in models of 22q11.2 microdeletion

The thalamus-enriched microRNA miR-338-3p is depleted in mouse models of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and in humans with schizophrenia, leading to a late-onset dysfunction of auditory thalamocortical synaptic transmission, behavioral abnormalities and altered sensitivity to antipsychotics. Although 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with early-life behavioral abnormalities, affected individuals are also at high risk for the development of schizophrenia symptoms, including psychosis, later in life. Auditory thalamocortical (TC) projections recently emerged as a neural circuit that is specifically disrupted in mouse models of 22q11DS (hereafter referred to as 22q11DS mice), in which haploinsufficiency of the microRNA (miRNA)-processing-factor-encoding gene Dgcr8 results in the elevation of the dopamine receptor Drd2 in the auditory thalamus, an abnormal sensitivity of thalamocortical projections to antipsychotics, and an abnormal acoustic-startle response. Here we show that these auditory TC phenotypes have a delayed onset in 22q11DS mice and are associated with an age-dependent reduction of miR-338-3p, a miRNA that targets Drd2 and is enriched in the thalamus of both humans and mice. Replenishing depleted miR-338-3p in mature 22q11DS mice rescued the TC abnormalities, and deletion of Mir338 (which encodes miR-338-3p) or reduction of miR-338-3p expression mimicked the TC and behavioral deficits and eliminated the age dependence of these deficits. Therefore, miR-338-3p depletion is necessary and sufficient to disrupt auditory TC signaling in 22q11DS mice, and it may mediate the pathogenic mechanism of 22q11DS-related psychosis and control its late onset.
Is Public Service Motivation Changeable? Integrative Modeling with Goal-Setting Theory

ABSTRACTThis study proposes that Public Service Motivation (PSM) can be changeable by unique characteristics of public organization. The proposition is applied for the integration between PSM theory and goal-setting theory that is inevitable to better understand the motivation phenomena for the organization. The integration model consists of two sub-mechanisms: 1) the moderating role of goal characteristics on the relationship between Public Service Motivation and work motivation, and 2) the mediating role of PSM on the relationship between goal characteristics and performance. The model suggests empirically testable five theoretical propositions with methodological strategies. Finally, theoretical implications and future study are discussed.
Comparison of objective and subjective operator fatigue assessment methods in offshore shiftwork

Abstract The oil and gas extraction (OGE) industry continues to experience an elevated fatality rate; OGE workers are exposed to intensive shift patterns and long work durations inherent in the OGE environment, which can lead to fatigue, thereby increasing risks of incidents and injuries. As such, fatigue assessment methods play a critical role in identifying and subsequently managing fatigue in offshore operators. The aims of this observational study were to explore the effect of offshore shiftwork on physiological and subjective fatigue outcomes. Ten male operators (age: 31.3 (6.1) years; stature: 1.72 (0.1) m; weight: 85.24 (9.8) kg) were monitored throughout their daily shifts for six days on an offshore drillship using intrinsically safer physiological sensors that recorded various physiological parameters. Additionally, existing subjective fatigue scales from the literature were employed to obtain perceptions of fatigue. Six of the ten operators underwent swing shift in the middle of the data collection period. Physiological results indicate that overall average heart rate (an indicator of fatigue) were elevated for all operators and remained elevated for those who started and ended their work on the day shift. Operators' subjective reports of fatigue were relatively high for acute fatigue and intershift recovery as well as for lack of effort and sleepiness; however, the physiological measures were not consistently correlated with the subjective measures of fatigue. The study outcomes identified a critical gap in fatigue assessment in OGE operations; existing fatigue surveys for the general (or other) working populations are not comprehensive of OGE operations and are thus not applicable for OGE workers, nor are they validated against physiological fatigue outcomes in OGE workers.
IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL TARGETS OF THE GRR1P SCF UBIQUITIN LIGASE IN FUNGI

The opportunistic human pathogen Candida albicans causes both superficial and life-threatening systemic infections and is a leading cause of fungal disease in immunocompromised individuals. C. albicans can grow in different cell shapes, or morphologies, including yeast-like cells and a variety of filamentous forms, such as true hyphae and pseudohyphae. Yeast, hyphae and pseudohyphae have been observed at the sites of Candida infection and there is strong evidence that morphogenesis, the transition between yeast and filamentous growth forms, is essential for virulence. Several studies have implicated ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in the regulation of morphogenesis, yet the mechanism by which this pathway does so is largely unknown. Previously, we have shown that deletion of the GRR1 gene results in the constitutive formation of filamentous growth forms. The Grr1 protein is a component of an SCF ubiquitin ligase system that selectively targets proteins for degradation. Thus, the loss of Grr1-mediated proteolysis presumably leads to the aberrant accumulation, and inappropriate activity, of a protein or proteins that induce filamentous growth. The spectrum of proteins targeted for degradation by Grr1 is not known. The goal of this project is to identify Grr1 targets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an experimentally tractable model system for pathogenic fungi. We are using a novel proteomics-based approach to isolate and characterize proteins that are ubiquitinated in a Grr1-dependent fashion. The successful identification of Grr1p targets will be important for developing a working model of the pathways involved in the yeast to filamentous growth transition in pathogenic fungi.
Management of Mucocele and Ranula

Epidemiology of mucoceles and ranulas. Anatomy of the minor salivary, sublingual and submandibular glands. Pathophysiology of mucocele and ranula formation. Clinical findings of mucoceles and ranula. Management of mucoceles and ranula. Surgical procedure for mucocele, ranula, and plunging ranula. Complications of surgical treatment of mucocele and ranula.
Increasing Quiet Compliance by Detained Male Adolescents

Some adjudicated adolescents receive treatment for their offenses in residential facilities. Detained adolescents’ engagement in either low levels of compliant behavior or excess behavior (e.g., swearing, gestures) while following commands from residential personnel may result in decreased opportunities for those youth to access preferred activities. The current study employed nonconcurrent multiple baseline across participants designs to evaluate the effects of a procedure to increase seven detained adolescents’ quiet compliance with academic and vocational demands. Results show that problem behavior decreased to zero or near-zero levels for each participant during simulated conditions and suggest that self-control, alone or in combination with a differential reinforcement of low rate behavior for omitting problem behavior, may have been responsible for the behavior changes. We discuss some clinical implications of the findings.
Management of combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension in advanced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Management of pulmonary hypertension (PH) has remained an unmet need in advanced left heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. In fact, patients are frequently denied heart transplant due to untreated pulmonary hypertension. The availability of mechanically circulatory devices and PH therapies has provided a ray of hope. PH specific therapies are currently not FDA approved for patients with left heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, clinicians have used these medications in anecdotal manner. With this review, we want to highlight the expanding use of PH specific therapy and mechanical circulatory devices in the management of PH in the setting of advanced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Comparing Treatment Strategies for Stage I Small-cell lung Cancer.

Abstract Introduction The diagnosis of stage I small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is increasing in incidence with the advent of low-dose screening computed tomography. Surgery is considered the standard of care but there are very few data to guide clinical decision-making. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes for patients receiving definitive surgery, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for stage I SCLC. Patients and Methods Patients with a primary diagnosis of stage I SCLC were identified in the National Cancer Database. Patients were defined as having a first course of treatment of either surgery, EBRT, or SBRT. Overall survival (OS) was determined using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression methods were used to estimate risk of overall mortality. Results A total of 2678 patients were included in the analysis. The 2- and 3-year OS for the whole cohort was 62% and 50%. Comparing treatment strategies in a multivariate model, surgical resection showed improved OS over EBRT (P Conclusion In this hospital-based registry study, definitive surgical resection and use of chemotherapy resulted in improved survival for patients with early stage SCLC. For patients who are not candidates for surgery, SBRT may offer a survival benefit compared with standard EBRT.
Immigration Versus Immigrant: The Cycle of Anti-Immigrant Policies.

The authors comment on how U.S. immigration and health policies are related, focusing on how stigma, discrimination, and stress experienced by immigrants can reduce health. Particular attention is given to the differences between immigration laws and policies and immigrant laws and policies before the authors discuss anti-immigrant policies since the 1970s.
Bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-κN)silver(I) hexa-fluorido-anti-monate.

The title compound, [Ag(C(5)H(8)N(2))(2)]SbF(6), contains an Ag(+) cation almost linearly bonded to two N atoms of dimethylpyrazole ligands [N-Ag-N = 176.54 (18)°]. The structure exhibits hydrogen bonding between the two dimethyl-pyrazole H atoms and two F atoms of one hexa-fluorido-anti-monate anion. Three relatively short Ag⋯F contacts [2.869 (6), 2.920 (7), and 3.094 (7) A] exist between the cation and three different SbF(6) (-) anions. The crystal used for data collection was found to be twinned by non-merohedry, with the two components being related by a 180° rotation around the real or reciprocal a axis. Integration resulted in 11.2% of the total peaks being assigned to component 1, 11.2% to component 2, and 77.6% to both components.
The modal logic S4F, the default logic, and the logic here-and-there

The modal logic S4F provides an account for the default logic of Reiter, and several modal nonmonotonic logics of knowledge and belief. In this paper we focus on a fragment of the logic S4F concerned with modal formulas called modal defaults, and on sets of modal defaults -- modal default theories. We present characterizations of S4F-expansions of modal default theories, and show that strong and uniform equivalence of modal default theories can be expressed in terms of the logical equivalence in the logic S4F. We argue that the logic S4F can be viewed as the general default logic of nested defaults. We also study special modal default theories called modal programs, and show that this fragment of the logic S4F generalizes the logic here-and-there.
Factors controlling the removal of sulfate and acidity from the waters of an acidified lake

Although Lake Anna, an impoundment in Central Virginia, receives acid mine drainage (AMD) from Contrary Creek, the effects of the AMD pollution on the lake are less severe than expected. Previous work at Lake Anna has shown that bacterial sulfate reduction in the lake sediments plays an important role in the recovery of the lake from the AMD inputs. Sulfate removal rates were measured in sediment microcosms under a variety of experimental conditions to determine the factors controlling the rate of sulfate and acidity removal from the lake water. Sulfate removal rates were not significantly different over the short term (3 weeks) in summer sediment microcosms incubated at 6 vs 26 °C. Winter sediment microcosms showed no significant sulfate removal during the 18 day experiment when incubated at either 6 or 28 °C. Thus there is a strong seasonal temperature effect in Lake Anna sediments but no significant short term effect. Simulated AMD, with and without Fe, was added to sediment microcosms collected from an unpolluted part of the lake. The microcosms with Fe had significantly higher rates of sulfate removal indicating that Fe plays an important role in transporting sulfate to the sediment and/or in preventing oxidation of the reduced sulfide. After 27 days, from 54 to 96% of the added sulfate in the simulated AMD was recovered as FeS or S0 in the top 4 cm of sediment. In a separate experiment, 35S-SOinf4sup2−was found to attach to precipitating Fe oxyhydroxides (1.5 to 4.7 mol SOinf4sup2−mol−1 Fe precipitate) upon mixing Contrary Creek (AMD) and Lake Anna waters. Results of this study suggest that sulfate removal may be more rapid in metal rich AMD systems thans in metal poor systems characteristic of those which receive acidic deposition.
Vesicostomy for neurogenic bladder with spina bifida: followup.

Abstract Of 260 patients being actively followed in a myelodysplasia clinic 48 have had a vesicostomy. Vesicostomy was done because of hydroureteronephrosis in 44 cases, infection in 3 and failure of clean intermittent catheterization in 1. Of the 48 patients 16 underwent closure of the vesicostomy, generally between ages 6 and 10 years, an age when the child is prepared to begin clean intermittent catheterization and is motivated to achieve continence. Two children underwent early vesicostomy closure because the bladder emptied adequately and neither has yet begun clean intermittent catheterization. Two children on clean intermittent catheterization are not acceptably continent. The remaining 12 patients are continent for at least 4 hours on clean intermittent catheterization, some with adjuvant drug therapy. No child has exhibited loss of bladder volume while diverted. Vesicostomy offers excellent temporary decompression of the urinary tract in children with spina bifida and neurogenic bladder, and has no long-term harmful effects on the bladder.
Initiating the Newtonian Gravitational N-Body Spherical Simplification Algorithm on the Inopin Holographic Ring Topology

We propose a preliminary algorithm which is designed to reduce aspects of the n-body problem to a 2-body problem for holographic principle compliance. The objective is to share an alternative view-point on the n-body problem to try and generate a simpler solution in the future. The algorithm operates 2D and 3D data structures to initiate the encoding of the chaotic dynamical system equipped with modified superfluid order parameter fields in both 3D and 4D versions of the Inopin holographic ring (IHR) topology. For the algorithm, we arbitrarily select one point-mass to be the origin and, from that reference frame, we subsequently engage a series of instructions to consolidate the residual (n-1)-bodies to the IHR. Through a step-by-step example, we demonstrate that the algorithm yields "IHR effective" (IHRE) net quantities that enable us to hypothetically define an IHRE potential, kinetic, and Lagrangian.
Review: Adjuvant recombinant subunit vaccine prevents herpes zoster more than live attenuated vaccine in adults ≥ 50 years.

Source Citation Tricco AC, Zarin W, Cardoso R, et al. Efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of herpes zoster vaccines in adults aged 50 and older: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 20...
SU5416 does not attenuate early RV angiogenesis in the murine chronic hypoxia PH model

Right ventricular (RV) angiogenesis has been associated with adaptive myocardial remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH), though molecular regulators are poorly defined. Endothelial cell VEGFR-2 is considered a “master regulator” of angiogenesis in other models, and the small molecule VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU5416 is commonly used to generate PH in rodents. We hypothesized that SU5416, through direct effects on cardiac endothelial cell VEGFR-2, would attenuate RV angiogenesis in a murine model of PH. C57 BL/6 mice were exposed to chronic hypoxia (CH-PH) to generate PH and stimulate RV angiogenesis. SU5416 (20 mg/kg) or vehicle were administered at the start of the CH exposure, and weekly thereafter. Angiogenesis was measured after one week of CH-PH using a combination of unbiased stereological measurements and flow cytometry-based quantification of myocardial endothelial cell proliferation. In complementary experiments, primary cardiac endothelial cells from C57 BL/6 mice were exposed to recombinant VEGF (50 ng/mL) or grown on Matrigel in the presence of SU5416 (5 μM) or vehicle. SU5416 directly inhibited VEGF-mediated ERK phosphorylation, cell proliferation, and Kdr transcription, but not Matrigel tube formation in primary murine cardiac endothelial cells in vitro. SU5416 did not inhibit CH-PH induced RV angiogenesis, endothelial cell proliferation, or RV hypertrophy in vivo, despite significantly altering the expression profile of genes involved in angiogenesis. These findings demonstrate that SU5416 directly inhibited VEGF-induced proliferation of murine cardiac endothelial cells but does not attenuate CH-PH induced RV angiogenesis or myocardial remodeling in vivo.
Perioperative Narcotic Trends in Women Undergoing Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy for Benign Indications

Study Objective Evaluate the utilization patterns for narcotic medication both intraoperatively and postoperatively at the time of benign minimally invasive hysterectomy, specifically as they relate to the opioid epidemic. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting A single academic university hospital. Patients or Participants Women undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomy for benign indications. Interventions Laparoscopic or Robotic-Assisted hysterectomy. Measurements and Main Results 651 hysterectomies were included in the analysis between 2012 and 2018. For consistency all narcotics administered intraoperatively and in immediate postoperative period were converted to mean morphine equivalents (MME). For the entire cohort the mean age was 44.5 ± 7.4 years and the mean Body Mass Index (BMI; Kg/m2) was 32.1 ± 7.6. Of these, 377 hysterectomies (57.9%) were performed with robotic assistance and the remainder (42.1%) were performed using conventional laparoscopy. A statistically significant inverse relationship was found between the year of surgery and perioperative narcotic usage (p=.007). In all hysterectomies analyzed yearly MME use decreased over time (p Conclusion Perioperative narcotic use has down trended over time for patients undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomy. Hysterectomy performed with robotic assistance was associated with lower postoperative narcotic use compared to conventional laparoscopy.
Reconstructive septorhinoplasty in radiation-induced reactive bone dysplasia

Abstract Objective To describe a complicated external septorhinoplasty in a case of nasal adenocarcinoma radiation-induced reactive bone dysplasia. Case description We describe a 40-year-old female with high-grade sinonasal adenocarcinoma who was treated with induction chemotherapy and radiation. The patient eventually presented with findings consistent with radiation-induced osseous changes that mimicked fibrous dysplasia. She was successfully treated with external septorhinoplasty for restoration of function and improved cosmesis. To our knowledge, this is one of few reported cases of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia caused by radiation therapy. Conclusions Fibrous dysplasia is a disease that can lead to significant debilitation in patients, however radiation-induced fibrous dysplasia is a rarely reported disease with no clear consensus guidelines. Select patients can be treated surgically to provide symptomatic relief and improved cosmesis.
Some remarks on joy

ABSTRACTIn this brief commentary, I consider various distinctions between joy and happiness from a humanistic point of view. Next I describe some characteristics of joy as revealed in religious tra...
“And They Knew They Were Naked”: The Mortification of the Black Body:

While it may be characterized as the inception of freedom for the colonizing and imperial-minded European, America represents a great tribulation for the enslaved African, kidnapped and sold an oce...
Leadership and management for scientists

Abstract Ph.D. students and postdoctoral fellows in the biomedical sciences and STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) undertake many years of structured training to become competent and successful researchers. Contrarily, their leadership training is haphazard at best and absent at worst. To become successful scientists, individuals must develop into leaders who are able to relate to and understand others and, in addition, manage and understand themselves. We will discuss three different forms of learning – intensive, distributive, and on demand – that can be used to guide students and postdoctoral fellows toward becoming proficient managers and leaders, and discovering and building leadership qualities and interpersonal skills that work for them.
Emergency Management of Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for up to 20% of acute cerebrovascular events and is the stroke type with the worst prognosis. Hematoma expansion is common after ICH and represents an appealing target for acute treatment; however, ICH still lacks a clinically proven anti-expansion therapy. The majority of ICH patients have high blood pressure in the acute phase. Intensive blood pressure reduction to systolic 140 mm Hg (but not below) appears safe and may improve outcome. Premorbid anticoagulant use increases the odds of hematoma expansion and death, and emergent coagulopathy reversal is typically used. The role of surgery in acute ICH remains controversial, and there is strong evidence in favor of decompressive surgery and hematoma evacuation only for cerebellar ICH with clinical deterioration and/or radiological evidence of brainstem compression. Infections, seizures, and deep venous thromboses are the main medical complications of ICH. Admission to a neurointensive care unit is associated with more favorable functional outcome.