cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributional part-of-speech tagging

This paper presents an algorithm for tagging words whose part-of-speech properties are unknown. Unlike previous work, the algorithm categorizes word tokens in context instead of word types. The algorithm is evaluated on the Brown Corpus.
Lower Carboniferous brachiopods from Sierra de Almeida, northern Chile

A low-diversity brachiopod assemblage from the upper member of the Zorritas Formation in the Sierra de Almeida, northern Chile, further confirms the presence of Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) strata in that region. Key taxa include Schuchertella? sp., Chilenochonetes anna new genus and species, Paurorhyncha chavelensis (Amos), and Septosyringothyris covacevichi new species. Other elements of the assemblage, including Paraconularia sp., Posidoniella sp., Bellerophon (Bellerophon) sp., Eocanites sernageomin- us, and Imitoceras? sp. support this Early Carboniferous age assignment. Local distribution of taxa suggests small-scale environmental control. Rhynchonelloid and syringothyroid shells, many articulated, occur in lenticular sandstone bodies that were deposited in deltaic distributary channels; chonetids, schuchertellids and mollusc-bearing, iron-rich concretions are found in siltstones and mudstones that reflect interdistributary quiet-water settings and possibly a delta-front setting. Certain elements of this fauna are also present in north- western Argentina and Peru, indicating a regional nearshore clastic regime. The closest correlation elsewhere is with the Tournaisian faunas of southeastern Australia, although analogous big-shell assemblages are found in lower Mississippian clastic strata of the central Appalachians, Ohio, and Indiana.
Health Behavior and Weight Changes Among Ethnic and Racial Minority Preschoolers and Their Parents: Associations Across 1 Year

Objective To determine whether parent health behavior changes and feeding practices were associated with child changes in body mass index z-score and related health behaviors over the course of 1 year. Methods Anthropometric data from 590 child-parent dyads of ethnic/racial minority groups were collected at baseline, 14 weeks (postintervention), and 1-year follow-up. Additionally, parent screen time and feeding practices and child dietary consumption, diet quality, physical activity, and screen time were collected. Results Random effects growth models revealed that changes in child screen time moved in tandem with parent screen time from baseline to 14-week postintervention and from postintervention to 1-year follow-up. Greater parental monitoring predicted greater reduction in child calorie consumption at 1 year. Conclusions Future studies should include innovative ways to explicitly involve parents in prevention efforts.
Chalcogenide/Chalcogenolate Structural Isomers of Organo Group 13 Element Derivatives: Reactions of the Dimetallenes Ar′MMAr′ (Ar′ = C6H3-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-Pri2)2; M = Ga or In) with N2O or S8 To Give (Ar′MIIIE)2 (E = O or S) and the Synthesis and Characterization of [Ar′EMI]2 (M = In or Tl; E = O, S)

Dimeric arylgallium/indium chalcogenides 7−10 of formula [Ar′ME]2 (Ar′ = C6H3-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-Pri2)2; M = Ga or In, E = O or S) were synthesized by the treatment of Ar′MMAr′ with N2O or elemental sulfur and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Their structures feature three-coordinate, +3 oxidation state metal centers with planar M2E2 cores. The cores were almost perfectly square for E = O, but for E = S, they were distorted parallelograms in 7−10. The M–E bond lengths were shorter than those in the higher aggregated species [RME]n (n ≥ 4) but comparable to those in M3+ aryloxides or thiolates featuring three-coordinate metals. Short M···M separations [2.553(1) A in 7, 2.8882(4) A in 8, 2.8276 A (avg.) in 9, and 3.1577(8) A in 10] are observed. Low oxidation heavier group 13/group 16 chalcogenolate isomers 16−19 of formula [Ar′EM]2 (M = In or Tl, E = O or S) were also synthesized and characterized. In the +1 compounds [Ar′EIn]2 (O, 16; S, 19) together, with the In +3 species [Ar′InE]...
Total nitrogen removal in an aerobic/anoxic membrane biofilm reactor system

The hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) is effective for reducing nitrate-N to N2 gas, but most wastewaters contain ammonium-N. Here, we document that an aerobic/anoxic MBfR system achieves nearly total N removal (<2 mgN/L) when the influent N is ammonium. The aerobic/anoxic MBfR couples two MBfR modules. The aerobic MBfR is supplied O2 and brings about nitrification of ammonium to nitrate or nitrite. The anoxic MBfR is supplied H2 and brings about denitrification to N2 gas. Total N removal is most strongly influenced by the O2 pressure in the aerobic module: too low O2 caused poor nitrification, while too high O2 inhibited denitrification in the anoxic module. Hydrogen pressure does not strongly affect total-N removal, and the best total-N removal occurs when the H2 and O2 pressures are similar.
Preliminary Survey on Foraminiferal Responses to Pollutants in Torrecillas Lagoon Puerto Rico

†A BSTRACT. — Torrecilla Lagoon, part of the San Juan Bay Estuary system, is a moderately-polluted estuary on the northern coast of Puerto Rico. Foraminiferal assemblages from two 30 cm cores were dominated by Ammonia spp. and Quinqueloculina rhodiensis . The latter taxon exhibits a relatively high occurrence of deformed tests (up to 18%). Analyses for potentially toxic-element in bulk sediment samples of one core show concentrations below recognized toxicity levels except for copper. Copper concentrations (50-138 ppm) fall between previously established Effect Range Low and Effect Range Median values, representing potential for occasional detrimental effects to the aquatic environment. Organic matter content (loss-on-ignition) ranging from 10-23%, coupled with the presence of framboidal pyrite, indicate low oxygen conditions. Ammonia spp. showed no significant variation in size with depth in core. Ammonia-Elphidium index values, a previously established indicator of hypoxia, are 69-100, reflecting relative few Elphidium . Species diversity indices indicate temporal variability in abundance and distribution of foraminifers. Foraminiferal assemblages and organic matter in sediments indicate that Torrecilla Lagoon has undergone episodes of hypoxia.
The Center Out There, in Here, and Everywhere Else: The Nature of Pilgrimage to the Shrine of Saint Jude, 1929–1965

A peculiar anomaly has characterized the National Shrine of Saint Jude Thaddeus, patron saint of hopeless causes and lost causes, since its founding by the Claretian Fathers, a Spanish order osf missionaries, in Chicago in 1929. On the one hand, Jude's shrine was seen by both the saint's devout and the clerical caretakers of the site clS a specific and special place of power, desire, and hope, which is how such locations have always been imagined in the Catholic tradition,l on the other hand, the devout were never encouraged nor did they feel compelled to go to that place in order to secure the benefits they sought from the saint. If Jude's shrine had been like the others founded before it on the Catholic landscape, it would have become the destination of pilgrims, but it never did, not even for the devout who lived in Chicago, although the devotion was (and remains) one of the most important and widespread expressions of twentieth century American Catholic popular piety. This paradox is evident in the way the shrine clergy have imagined, described, and administered the place. The founder of the devotion, Catalonian-born priest Sames Tort, described what he called the Chicago "throne of [lude's] mercy and compassion" in the familiar tropes of the Catholic pilgrimage tradition to the devout in 1935 The sick, the afflicted, the lame and the blind, the suffering, the erring, find solace here. An incessclnt stream of pilgrims has always come to visit the Shrine, proving the great and pwerful influence Saint Jude has in the presence of his relatives, Jesus and Mary. At the same time, Tort insisted to Jude's devout around the country that they need never come to Chicago to participate fully in the cult.3 According to a former administrator of the devotion, its founders did not want to "put a lot of emphasis on visit:ing a place" (which clearly conflicts with the paean of place just quoted), and this priest estimated that ninety-five percent of Jude's devout, who are found throughout the United States, would never made a pilgrimage to Chicago.4 In the 1950s, t-he Claretians, thinking of the shrine more traditionally as a place to be visited, considered moving it to another location in central Illinois where they could provide better parking facilities and amenities for visitorswhom they were not encouraging to visit and who were not coming in any case. But the facl- that the Claretians could even think of moving Jude out of Chicago is indicative of the anomaly of place characteristic of the cult. Writers at the shrine had been imaginatively speculating for years about Jude's choice of Chicago, of all American cities, as the site of the revival of his devotion, seeing an analogy between the long-forgotten, modest but powerful saint and Carl
Magnetic Susceptibility of α MnS

The magnetic susceptibility of a powder sample of $\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{MnS}$ was measured from 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K by an absolute Gouy method. The N\'eel temperature was found to be 154\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. There was no evidence of thermal hysteresis and the susceptibility was independent of field strength over a range of fields between 2000 and 3000 oersteds. Two sets of Weiss-Curie constants fitted the data above the N\'eel temperature. Between the N\'eel temperature and 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, values of $\ensuremath{\theta}=490\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K and ${C}_{M}=4.40$ were calculated. Above 400\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the respective values were 380\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 3.90. It is suggested that the persistence of short-range ordering effects to temperatures well above the N\'eel temperature affects the value of these constants and that the values above 400\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K are probably more representative.
A study on the roles of phospholipase A 2 and cytokines on critical illness

Objective To study the roles of phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2) and cytokines (CKs) in children with critical illness Methods The serum concentrations of PLA 2 and CKs were determined in 65 children with critical illness and 20 healthy children by ELISA method The glucose and lactate levels and arterial blood oxygenic pressure were measured simultaneously along with the organ functions Results PLA 2, TNF α, IL 6 and IL 8 (mg/L) levels in the acute stages of the illness were (0 681±0 579) mg/L, (0 518±0 336) mg/L, (5 5±2 2) mg/L, (0 508±0 328) mg/L, respectively, which were significantly elevated as compared with those of controls [(0 171±0 019) mg/L, (0 082±0 009) mg/L,(2 3±0 6) mg/L, (0 052±0 019) mg/L] The mean values of PLA 2 TNF α, IL 6 and IL 8 in children with critical care scores under 70[(1 3±0 7) mg/L, (0 8±0 3) mg/L, (7 7±1 8) mg/L, (0 71±0 18) mg/L] and those of the multiple systemic organ failure were significantly higher than those with scores of 71～89 [(0 51± 0 140 mg/L, (0 43±0 15) mg/L, (5 5±0 9) mg/L, (0 53±0 10) mg/L]. The mean values of PLA 2 and CKs in children with multiple systemic organ failure were significantly higher than those with single organ failure ( P 0 05, or P 0 01) The mean serum concentrations of PLA 2 and CKs were remarkedly higher in children with deteriorative diseases than in children with recoverable diseases, and were the highest in deathbed children ( P 0 001) The serum PLA 2 levels correlated positively with the CKs, glucose and lactate levels, and negatively with PaO 2 and critical care scores Conclusion PLA 2 and CKs are involved in all pathophysiologic processes of the development of critical illness Combined with critical care scores, PLA 2 and CKs are probably useful clinical values for evaluation of the severity and prognosis of critical illness
A potential role of anti-poverty programs in health promotion

Poverty is one of the most pervasive risk factors underlying poor health, but is rarely targeted to improve health. Research on the effects of anti-poverty interventions on health has been limited, at least in part because funding for that research has been limited. Anti-poverty programs have been applied on a large scale, frequently by governments, but without systematic development and cumulative programmatic experimental studies. Anti-poverty programs that produce lasting effects on poverty have not been developed. Before evaluating the effect of anti-poverty programs on health, programs must be developed that can reduce poverty consistently. Anti-poverty programs require systematic development and cumulative programmatic scientific evaluation. Research on the therapeutic workplace could provide a model for that research and an adaptation of the therapeutic workplace could serve as a foundation of a comprehensive anti-poverty program. Once effective anti-poverty programs are developed, future research could determine if those programs improve health in addition to increasing income. The potential personal, health and economic benefits of effective anti-poverty programs could be substantial, and could justify the major efforts and expenses that would be required to support systematic research to develop such programs.
Abstract C61: Non-homogeneous drug penetrance of veliparib measured in triple negative breast tumors

Background: Veliparib, an inhibitor of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPi), in combination with carboplatin showed efficacy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients in the I-SPY 2 TRIAL. However ∼42% of TNBC did not achieve pathologic complete response. Insufficient uptake of drug in TNBC may lead to inadequate response to PARPi. As a first step toward testing this hypothesis in patients, we quantified veliparib penetration in mouse xenograft models of TNBC. Methods: MDA-MB-231, HCC70 or MDA-MB-436 human TNBC cells were implanted in 41 beige SCID mice. Veliparib at low dose (20mg/kg) or high dose (60mg/kg) and carboplatin (60mg/kg) was given three times daily for three days. MR images were taken at day 1. Plasma, fresh frozen and OCT embedded tissues were analyzed using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI) Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Drug penetration was compared among doses and cell lines. Results:Ex vivo veliparib concentrations quantified by LC-MS differed significantly among the tumors derived from the three cell lines. Liver and plasma concentrations were uniformly high in all mice compared to tumor and muscle tissues. Plasma pharmacokinetics in mice exhibited non-linear clearance resulting in prolonged high plasma levels at higher doses, while tumor and plasma concentrations were linearly correlated. MALDI-MSI images of tumor and muscle in 12 mice showed higher veliparib concentrations in necrotic areas compared to areas with viable tumor cells (P = 0.126, Table) and higher concentrations at the rim then in the center of the tumor (P = 0.046). Lower concentrations were found in MDA-MB-231 than in other cell lines (0.008). Contrast agent and veliparib accumulated near the rim of the tumors and a fast elimination of the contrast agent from the tumor correlated with relatively low veliparib tumor concentrations. Conclusions: The spatial distribution of veliparib in TNBC depends on the dose and tumor cell biology. We demonstrated that MALDI-MSI can be used to measure veliparib penetration tumor samples, which may have potential to monitor response to PARPi therapies. Table: Veliparib concentrations by LC-MS and its spatial distribution by MALDI varies by tissue, drug dose and TNBC cell line of origin. Citation Format: Imke H. Bartelink, Brendan Prideaux, Gregor Krings, Lisa Wilmes, Pei R.E. Lee, Byron Hann, Jean-Philippe Coppe, Diane Heditsian, Lamorna Swigart-Brown, Ella F. Jones, Sergey Magnitsky, Ron Keizer, Laura Esserman, Weiming Ruan, Alan Wu, Douglas Yee, Veronique Dartois, Denise Wolf, Rada Savic, Laura vantVeer. Non-homogeneous drug penetrance of veliparib measured in triple negative breast tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr C61.
First-Order Algorithms for Convex Optimization with Nonseparable Objective and Coupled Constraints

In this paper, we consider a block-structured convex optimization model, where in the objective the block variables are nonseparable and they are further linearly coupled in the constraint. For the 2-block case, we propose a number of first-order algorithms to solve this model. First, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is extended, assuming that it is easy to optimize the augmented Lagrangian function with one block of variables at each time while fixing the other block. We prove that Open image in new window iteration complexity bound holds under suitable conditions, where t is the number of iterations. If the subroutines of the ADMM cannot be implemented, then we propose new alternative algorithms to be called alternating proximal gradient method of multipliers, alternating gradient projection method of multipliers, and the hybrids thereof. Under suitable conditions, the Open image in new window iteration complexity bound is shown to hold for all the newly proposed algorithms. Finally, we extend the analysis for the ADMM to the general multi-block case.
Hypercholesterolemia Induced by a PCSK9 Gain-of-Function Mutation Augments Angiotensin II–Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in C57BL/6 Mice—Brief Report

Objective—Gain-of-function mutations of PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) lead to hypercholesterolemia. This study was to determine whether infection of normocholesterolemic mic...
On the performance of multiple choice hash tables with moves on deletes and inserts

In a multiple choice hash table scheme, each item is stored in one of d ges 2 hash table buckets. The ability to choose from multiple locations when storing an item improves space utilization, while the simplicity of such schemes makes them highly amenable to hardware implementation, as in a router. Some variants, such as cuckoo hashing, allow items to be moved among their d choices in order to improve load balance and avoid hash table overflows. We consider schemes that move items on insertion and deletion operations, as arguably one would be willing to incur more time on such operations as opposed to more frequent lookup operations. To keep the schemes as simple as possible for hardware implementation, we focus on schemes that allow a single move on an insertion or deletion. Our results show significant space savings when moving items is allowed, even under the limitation of one move per insertion and deletion operation.
Photoinduced charge recombination in dipolar D-A-A photonic liquid crystal polymorphs

A hexylalkoxy dipolar D–A–A molecule [7-(4-N,N-(bis(4-hexyloxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)-2,1,3-(benzothia-diazol-4-yl)methylene]propane-dinitrile, (C6-TPA-BT-CN) has been synthesized and the photophysics studied via femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (FsTA) in toluene and in amorphous and liquid crystalline spherulite thin films. Two spherulite macromolecular crystalline phases (banded, and non-banded) were observed through concentration dependent, solution processing techniques and are birefringent with a negative sign of elongation. A dramatic change in the electronic absorption from blue in amorphous films to green in spherulites was observed, and the molecular orientation was determined through the combined analysis of polarized light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. FsTA was performed on amorphous films and show complex charge recombination dynamics, and a Stark effect, characterized from the combined TPA+˙ and [BT-CN]−˙ spectroscopic signatures at 450 nm and 510 nm and identified through spectroelectrochemistry. Radical cation dynamics of TPA+˙ was observed selectively at 750 nm with >503.3 ps (18%) recombination kinetics resulting in a rather significant yield of free charge carriers in amorphous films and consistent with previous reports on energetically disordered blend films. However, photoexcitation on large, non-banded spherulites areas (>250 μm) reveal average monoexponential charge recombination lifetimes of 169.2 ps from delocalized states similar to those observed in amorphous films and are 5× longer-lived than previous reports [Chang et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135, 8790] of a related methyl-DPAT-BT-CN whose amorphous thin films were prepared through vapor deposition. Thus, the correlation between the microstructure of the blend film and the photoinduced radical pair dynamics described here is critical for developing a fundamental understanding of how dipolar states contribute to the charge carrier yield in a disordered energy system.
Aves, province of Guizhou, China

We report our inventories of birds observed and collected at three field sites from the province of Guizhou, southeastern China. Our findings detailed herein complement our previous ornithological surveys from Guangxi province, as part of a comprehensive biotic survey of the region. Of 153 total bird species recorded, 17 were new for the province, among which several taxa of conservational importance, such as: Golden Pheasant Crysolophus pictus, Tawny Fish-Owl Ketupa flavipes, Black-breasted Thrush Turdus dissimilis, Fujian Flycatcher Niltava davidii, Red- tailed Laughingthrush Garrulax milnei, and Slaty Bunting Latoucheornis siemsseni. These records provide the most recent insight into the current status of the habitats and the avian biodiversity of an important, yet sparsely surveyed and reported biogeographic region.
The Roots of the Family Tree: A Review of Four Books on the History and Nature of Behaviorism

Four recent books on the history and nature of behaviorism are reviewed: The Origins of Behaviorism by J. M. O’donnell, From Darwin to Behaviourism by R. A. Boakes, Behaviorism: A Conceptual Reconstruction by G. E. Zuriff, and Behaviorism and Logical Positivism by L. D. Smith. Behaviorism may be understood as an orientation to psychology that emerged from prevailing functional, developmental, and pragmatic concerns during the first and second decades of the 20th century. Animal and comparative psychologists contributed heavily to its development, particularly in the areas of methodology and technology. Philosophically, behaviorism draws on pragmatism and positivism for its scientific base, although different varieties of behaviorism emphasize different aspects of this base.
The Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas

Abstract The prognosis for clival chordomas and chondrosarcomas is significantly improved following complete resection that achieves negative dural and bony margins. Endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) provides direct access to many of these tumors and has quickly become a favored option for their surgical management. Chordomas are typically of midline origin and are almost always accessible by an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA). This direct access avoids unnecessary neurovascular manipulation. EEA resection can be complemented by “open” approaches such as the far or extreme lateral approach for craniocervical junction chordomas and the anterior transpetrosal approach for clival chordomas. Chondrosarcomas generally originate from the petroclival synchondrosis and therefore are more likely to require treatment via a lateral approach or via EEA in combination with a lateral approach. Nevertheless, the majority of skull base chondrosarcomas can be accessed endonasally, minimizing morbidity. For both tumor types, significant experience and anatomic understanding is required to gain full access for maximal resection. Despite significant advances with vascularized flaps, reconstruction of dural defects with prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leak remains the primary source of complications. Team surgery, combining otolaryngology and neurosurgery, minimizes both the learning curve and reconstructive morbidity.
t − t ′ − J model in one dimension using extremely correlated Fermi-liquid theory and time-dependent density matrix renormalization group

We study the one-dimensional $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}{t}^{\ensuremath{'}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}J$ model for generic couplings using two complementary theories, the extremely correlated Fermi liquid theory and time dependent density matrix renormalization group over a broad energy scale. The two methods provide a unique insight into the strong momentum dependence of the self-energy of this prototypical non-Fermi liquid, described at low energies as a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. We also demonstrate its intimate relationship to spin-charge separation, i.e., the splitting of Landau quasiparticles of higher dimensions into two constituents, driven by strong quantum fluctuations inherent in one dimension. The momentum distribution function, the spectral function, and the excitation dispersion of these two methods also compare well.
Home-Based Physical Activity Program Improves Depression and Anxiety in Older Adults.

Background: Late-life depression and anxiety among older adults is an important public health concern. This study examined the effect of a DVD-delivered exercise intervention on the secondary outcomes of depression and anxiety in older adults and the extent to which physical self-worth mediated the relationship between leisure-time physical activity and depression and anxiety. Methods: Older adults (N = 307) were randomized to a 6-month flexibility, toning, and balance DVD (FlexToBa™, FTB) or healthy aging DVD control. Self-reported physical activity and questionnaires were administered at baseline and postintervention. Statistical analyses were conducted in the total sample and in a subsample of participants with elevated levels of depression or anxiety. Results: FTB participants with elevated depression and anxiety symptoms at baseline had significantly greater reductions in depression and anxiety (d = 1.66 and 2.90) than the control condition (d = 0.77 and 0.73). The effect of physical activity on depr...
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth within in welfare: Prevalence, risk and outcomes

Abstract The purpose of this study was to estimate the population of sexual minority or LGB (lesbian, gay and bisexual) children and youth involved with the child welfare system, and to compare their health, mental health, placement and permanency outcomes to those of non-LGB youth. Data were drawn from the Second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-II), a nationally representative sample of children who were referred to child welfare due to a report of abuse or neglect over a fifteen month period. This sample included youth ages eleven and older who self-identified their sexual orientation (n = 1095). Results indicate that approximately 15.5% of all system involved youth identified as lesbian, gay or bisexual, and that lesbian and bisexual females, and LGB youth of color are both overrepresented within child welfare systems. Although no substantive difference in risk factors, permanency and placement were found between LGB and Non-LGB youth, LGB youth were significantly more likely to meet the criteria for adverse mental health outcomes. Implications for child welfare practice and policy are presented, along with recommendations for future research in this area.
Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Amination of C(sp2) and C(sp3)–H Bonds: Mechanism and Scope for N-Based Molecule Synthesis

Nitrogen-containing compounds are the most common structural architectures in drug candidates, natural and biological products, and small-molecule therapeutics. Within the body of work of transition-metal-catalyzed direct C–H amination reactions, palladium remains in the forefront and has been established as one of the most useful transition metals for C–N bond formation. The fundamental organometallic reactivity of palladium in its 0, I, II, III, and IV oxidation states make it special and useful in challenging carbon–heteroatom bond-formation reactions. Palladium undergoes facile formation of chelation-assisted palladacycle and palladium-nitrenoid intermediates that open an avenue for new bond formation. It has been utilized in various new synthetic approaches toward both intermolecular and intramolecular C–N bond formation reactions that employ nitrogen sources ranging from free, unprotected amines to electrophilic nitrogen sources. Palladium’s compatibility with various functional groups and oxidants ...
Loading Rate Effects on Mode I Delamination of Z-Pinned Composite Laminates

Fiber reinforced composites are susceptible to failure in interlaminar fracture mode called as delamination. Introduction of reinforcements in through the thickness direction (z-pins) suppresses the interlaminar fracture. Flying wedge test method was devised to examine the loading rate effects on dynamic delamination in the z-pinned composite laminates. The unpinned laminates were found to fracture in continuous stable crack propagation for the wedge velocities of 0–40 ms−1. The z-pinned laminates were found to fracture in series of unstable crack propagations for the same range of wedge velocities. It was observed that the critical mode I strain energy release rate for unpinned laminates increases with increasing wedge velocity. The critical mode I strain energy release rate was observed to decrease with increasing wedge velocity for the z-pinned laminates.
Approximation of conformal mappings and novel applications to shape recognition of planar domains

Our goal is to provide a novel method of representing 2D shapes, where each shape will be assigned a unique fingerprint—a computable approximation to the conformal map of the given shape to a canonical shape in 2D or 3D space (see page 22 for a few examples). In this paper, we make the first significant step in this program where we address the case of simply and doubly connected planar domains. We prove uniform convergence of our approximation scheme to the appropriate conformal mapping. To this end, we affirm a conjecture raised by Ken Stephenson in the 1990s which predicts that the Riemann mapping can be approximated by a sequence of electrical networks. In fact, we first treat a more general case. Consider a planar annulus, i.e., a bounded, 2-connected, Jordan domain, endowed with a sequence of triangulations exhausting it. We construct a corresponding sequence of maps which converge uniformly on compact subsets of the domain, to a conformal homeomorphism onto the interior of a Euclidean annulus bounded by two concentric circles. The resolution of Stephenson’s conjecture then follows by a limiting argument. With more complex topology of the given shape, i.e., when it has higher genus, we will use methods invented by Arabnia (J Parallel Distrib Comput 10:188–192, 1990) and Wani–Arabnia (J Supercomput 25:43–62, 2003). First, to divide the domain into subdomains and thereafter to make the scheme presented in this paper suitable for parallel processing. We will then be able to compare our results for those appearing, for instance, in the work of Arabnia–Oliver (Comput Graph Forum 8:3–11, 1989) that provides algorithms for the translation and scaling of complicated digitalized images.
A Dynamic Programming Approach for Planning Reliability Growth

The new product design process usually experiences multiple stages from concept design to detailed design to prototype and design freeze. During this process, various Design for Reliability (DfR) activities such as engineering simulations and physical tests at subsystem and even system levels are to be well planned such that the design objectives for both functionalities and performance of a new design can be realized by the time of mass production. The decision for reliability improvement activities can be the quantity and duration of engineering analytics activities and laboratory tests, and the decision in one of the multiple design stages depends on the decision made in the preceding design stages. Such sequential decision process for reliability growth planning is modeled using a dynamic programming approach. The dynamic programing is formulated to maximize the projected reliability by given time and budget allowed for developing the product. A numerical example of engine development illustrates the application of using dynamic programming for reliability growth planning.
Cannabidiol: A New Hope for Patients With Dravet or Lennox-Gastaut Syndromes:

Objective: To review the efficacy, safety, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of pure, plant-derived cannabidiol (CBD; Epidiolex) in the treatment of Dravet syndrome (DS) and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome...
Abstract B30: [Advocate Abstract:] Health disparities among Latinos with pancreatic cancer

The purpose of this project is to examine health disparities and quality of care received by Latino patients with pancreatic cancer. We connect with many Spanish speakers through our Patient Services program and will be conducting interviews to determine the level of care Latino patients are receiving. We are hoping to identify if they have any issues with accessing cancer care, whether they are being seen in a community oncology center, and how often they experience insurance access issues. The goal is to determine the needs of this very specific community to help us understand how to best guide them and provide them with resources. Citation Format: Fatima Zelada-Arenas. [Advocate Abstract:] Health disparities among Latinos with pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B30.
Knowledge Democracy and Action Research – An Exchange

Part 2 of this special issue on knowledge democracy continues to examine what we presented in Part 1 as an important and challenging topic for the global action research community. In Part 1 we inc...
The Safety of Ultrasound-Guided Thoracentesis in Patients on Novel Oral Anticoagulants and Clopidogrel: A Single-Center Experience.

Abstract Objective To assess the risk of hemorrhagic complications in patients taking novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and/or clopidogrel who underwent an ultrasound-guided thoracentesis. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of ultrasound-guided thoracenteses completed at an academic institution between January 1, 2016, and November 14, 2017. All patients who underwent a thoracentesis while actively receiving treatment with an NOAC and/or clopidogrel were included in the study. Primary endpoints are any significant post-procedure bleeding complication; defined as a hemoglobin decrease of greater than 2 g/dL in 48 hours, hemothorax, chest wall hematoma, and bleeding requiring transfusion, surgery, or chest tube placement. Results A total of 115 thoracenteses were performed in 103 patients actively taking an NOAC (n=43) and/or clopidogrel (n=69). All patients used either the NOAC or clopidogrel within 24 hours before the procedure and continued using it daily thereafter. There were no bleeding complications. Conclusion The overall risk of significant hemorrhage in patients taking an NOAC and/or clopidogrel while undergoing ultrasound-guided thoracentesis is very low. Albeit the total number of procedures reviewed may be insufficient to prove definitive safety, it is sufficient to provide a measure of relative risk when assessing benefits of thoracentesis in these patients.
Nonlinear Control Design for a Piezoelectric-Driven Nanopositioning Stage

Abstract : A model-based nonlinear optimal control design is developed and applied to a piezoelectric-driven nanopositioning stage to demonstrate high accuracy displacement control when ferroelectric nonlinearities, hysteresis and relaxation behavior are present in the piezoelectric actuator. The nonlinear control design is compared to Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control to illustrate performance enhancements when ferroelectric material behavior is directly incorporated into the control design. A multi-scale ferroelectric constitutive law is used to model the nonlinear, hysteretic and relaxation behavior of the piezoelectric actuator. The constitutive model is implemented in a structural model of a nanopositioning stage that used piezoelectric stack actuators. Both moderate frequency (100 Hz) and quasi-static (0.2 Hz) operating regimes are considered to address issues associated with high accuracy atomic force microscopy applications. The nonlinear control design includes and open-loop nonlinear control input determined from finite-dimensional optimal control theory and linear perturbation feedback determined from Proportional Integral (PI) control. The Hybrid control design reduces errors by over two orders of magnitude when nonlinearities, hysteresis and relaxation behavior is present. Additionally, the magnitude of control input is considerably smaller when the hybrid control design is implemented.
Recent fentanyl use among people who inject drugs: Results from a rapid assessment in Baltimore, Maryland

Abstract Background Fentanyl-related mortality continues to increase in the US, but knowledge of the drivers of fentanyl use (both intentional and unintentional) remains limited. We conducted a rapid assessment to characterize knowledge, attitudes and practices related to fentanyl use in a community-based cohort of current and former people who inject drugs (PWID) in Baltimore, Maryland. Methods Between November 2017 and June 2018, participants of the AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE) cohort completed a survey related to fentanyl use. Correlates of recent (past 6 months) fentanyl use and preference for fentanyl-contaminated and -substituted heroin (FASH) were examined using logistic regression among persons who reported using drugs in the prior six months. Results Of 994 participants, 28% reported ever having used fentanyl, with 58% of those reporting recent use. Independent correlates of recent fentanyl use among the subset of participants reporting recent (past 6 month) drug use were younger age, male sex, homelessness, opioid use, cocaine use, and daily injection (p Conclusions Recent fentanyl use was commonly reported. Interventions to reduce the harms associated with fentanyl use should target young, homeless PWID who may be more likely to seek out fentanyl.
CDH1 (E-Cadherin) Mutation and Gastric Cancer: Genetics, Molecular Mechanisms and Guidelines for Management.

Introduction Germline mutation in CDH1 (E-cadherin) tumor suppressor gene is associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) and lobular breast cancers (LBC). E-Cadherin protein is necessary for physiological signaling pathways, such as cell proliferation, maintenance of cell adhesion, cell polarity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Dysregulation leads to tumor proliferation, invasion, migration and metastases. We review current perspectives in CDH1 genetics with molecular mechanisms and also discuss management strategies for this aggressive form of gastric cancer. Methods Relevant articles from PubMed/Medline and Embase (1994-2019) were searched and collected using the phrases "Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, Familial gastric cancer, CDH1 mutation, E-Cadherin, Lobular breast cancer, Prophylactic total gastrectomy". Results Current guidelines suggest maintaining a high degree of suspicion of hereditary etiology and recommend testing for CDH1 mutations in patients with familial clustering of HDGC and LBC, especially onset at an early age (before 40 years). In families lacking CDH1 mutations but with high suspicion for hereditary predisposition, testing of CTNNA1 and other closely related HDGC susceptibility genes could be considered. Prophylactic total gastrectomy is recommended for individuals with identified pathogenic germline variants. Endoscopic surveillance with biopsies is recommended for those choosing to delay prophylactic gastrectomy. Conclusion Mutation or transcriptional silencing of the CDH1 gene is associated with familial diffuse gastric cancer. Further studies on the expression and the alteration in the proteins in the E-cadherin pathways may serve as biomarkers for early detection; stratify risk and selection of appropriate therapy in these families. Until then prophylactic total gastrectomy is recommended for individuals with CDH1 mutations and family history of diffuse gastric cancer. Endoscopic surveillance and biopsies by experienced gastroenterologists is recommended for those choosing not to have prophylactic gastrectomy and in individuals with CDH1 variants.
Tandem tension sensor reveals substrate rigidity-dependence of integrin molecular tensions in live cells

Response of integrin tensions to substrate rigidity is important in cell rigidity sensing but has not been confirmed. Current fluorescent tension sensors produce cellular force signals collectively resulted from integrin tension magnitude, tension dwell time, integrin density and activity, ligand density and accessibility, etc., making it challenging to monitor the absolute molecular force level of integrin tensions in live cells. Here we developed a tandem tension sensor (TTS) consisting of two coupled tension sensing units which are subject to the same tension and respond with different activation probabilities to the tension. Reported by fluorescence, the activation probability ratio of these two units solely responds to the force level of local integrin tensions, excluding the bias from other non-force factors. We verified the feasibility of TTS in detecting integrin tensions and applied it to study cells on elastic substrates. TTS unambiguously reported that integrin tensions in platelets decrease monotonically with the substrate rigidity, verifying the rigidity-dependence of integrin tensions in live cells.
Antimicrobial resistant mechanisms analysis of outpatient Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in Wuhan

Objective To characterized the Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolates recovered during 2002 to 2005 from outpatients in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan China. Methods The 36 isolates from Tongji Hospital were characterized by antimicrobial-susceptibility testing and screened for class Ⅰ integrons, beta-lactamase genes, qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr and mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) by PCR and DNA sequence analysis. All isolates were also characterized by pulsed-fieldgel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine the genetic relateness among these isolates. Results All isolates displayed multidrug resistance and most of them harbored class Ⅰ integrons. Ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed significant difference compared with ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates after PFGE analysis. All 31 ciprofloxacin resistant isolates carried at least three mutations in the QRDR of GyrA and ParC. Three ciprofloxacin resistant isolates had accumulated additional mutation in ParE. Five isolates harboring the OXA-30. Enzyme showed intermediate resistant to eefepime. Conclusions Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella typhimurium isolates were widely distributed among the outpatients in Wuhan and the resistant isolates accumulated multiple antimicrobial resistant mechanisms and showed unique genetic profiles. The state and local health authority must remain vigilant for the emergence of Salmonella typhimurium resistant to both third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolonos. Key words: Salmonella typhimurium; Quinolones; Drug resistance,bacterial
Flash Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Primary Care Settings: The Need for Measurement of Novel Glycemic Metrics to Adopt Policy and Practice Change.

DISCLOSURES: No outside funding supported the writing of this letter. The author has nothing to disclose.
Modelling Toxoplasma gondii infection in human cerebral organoids.

Pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids have the potential to recapitulate the pathophysiology of in vivo human brain tissue, constituting a valuable resource for modelling brain disorders...
Computational Modeling of the Coagulation Response During Trauma

Coagulation and platelet aggregation are the primary mechanisms for maintaining hemostasis upon traumatic injury. However, prolonged bleeding may lead to trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) or the apparent phenomenon of blood coagulation is impaired upon prolonged blood loss. This has been studied extensively via computational modeling, where the overall goal is to quantify metabolic responses, predict responses to physiological perturbations, and develop “on-the-fly” patient-specific strategies. Models of trauma patient evolution and clot growth rates have been developed to better understand the evolution of TIC in a trauma patient. Mechanistic and statistical models have been informed via experiment, whereby the trauma patient blood is acquired at marked time intervals after injury to better stratify the patient bleeding risks, prioritize biomarkers, and identify new opportunities for safer treatment options.
High-Fidelity Ex-Core Capabilities in VERA

High-fidelity nuclear reactor calculations have become increasingly important when considering lifetime extensions of the current nuclear fleet. The need for performing large calculations has led to development of advanced, novel methods for faster and more efficient computing system use. Under the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL), we have enabled the capability to perform high-fidelity ex-core calculations in the Virtual Environment for Reactor Applications (VERA) by coupling with the Shift Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport package. The codes are coupled inmemory, allowing for the pin-by-pin fission source from the core simulator to be used by Shift. This unique capability allows the user to obtain both in-core and ex-core quantities by running a single simulation. Examples of ex-core calculations that can be performed include multicycle vessel fluence, detector response during reactor start-up and operation, and coupon fluence. One main advantage of the VERA ex-core capability is its flexibility and ease of use; users can select default settings with the standard VERA input for typical calculations or create their own ex-core geometry for specific cases. Also, Shift takes advantage of hybrid deterministic-MC methods to reduce variance and computational time. This paper details the full suite of VERA ex-core capabilities and provides input examples, simulation results, and computing resource use suggestions. These new capabilities have the potential to impact a wide user group in the nuclear community by enhancing and enabling high-fidelity light water reactor (LWR) ex-core calculations.
The spillover effect of focal firms’ cybersecurity breaches on rivals and the role of the CIO: Evidence from stock trading volume

Abstract This study investigates whether there is any spillover uncertainty regarding a rival firm’s future operations upon a focal firm’s announcement of cybersecurity breaches and whether the existence of a chief information officer (CIO) in rival firms can reduce this spillover uncertainty. Using abnormal trading volume to capture the change in investors’ expectations, we show that compared with the focal firms, rival firms experience an increase in abnormal trading volume following the focal firm’s announcement of a security breach. The findings suggest that the spillover effect generates even more uncertainties toward these nonbreached rival firms regarding the impact of the focal firm’s security breach. However, CIOs in nonbreached rival firms can play a shielding role in mitigating such effects. Our study contributes to the literature on the impact of cybersecurity and has policy implications for encouraging a strategic perspective when managing cybersecurity risks.