cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The sulfonylurea glipizide does not inhibit ischemic preconditioning in anesthetized rabbits.

The KATP channel blocker glibenclamide inhibits cardioprotection afforded by ischemic preconditioning (IPC), raising concern about sulfonylurea use by patients with cardiovascular disease. We examined the effects of the widely prescribed sulfonylurea glipizide (Glucotrol XL® ) on IPC in anesthetized rabbits. Initially, in parallel studies in pentobarbital-anesthetized rabbits, we identified doses of glipizide (GLIP, 0.17 mg/kg + 0.12 mg/kg/h, IV) and glibenclamide (GLIB, 0.05 mg/kg + 0.03 mg/kg/h, IV) that produced steady-state, clinically relevant plasma levels of both drugs; these doses also significantly increased plasma insulin by 51 ± 17% (GLIP) and by 57 ± 17% (GLIB, both p 0.05). IPC-induced cardioprotection was preserved in the GLIP+IPC treatment group (45 ± 4%) when compared to VEH alone (p 0.05 vs. VEH). Thus, at a clinically relevant plasma concentration, glipizide did not limit the cardioprotective effects of IPC, and is unlikely to increase the severity of cardiac ischemic injury.
Some Economic Growth Problems and the Part Population Policy Plays

I. A summary of the historic literature, 248. — II. The development of the argument after World War II, 252.
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the uterus: an outcome-based clinicopathologic analysis of 41 reported cases.

The uterus and retroperitoneum have emerged as the most frequently reported anatomic sites of origin of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas), a poorly defined neoplasm that is characterized by varying amounts of spindle and epithelioid cells with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm that display immunoreactivity for melanocytic markers, most frequently HMB-45. Published reports on 41 previously reported uterine PEComas are reviewed in this report. Of these 41 cases, 31 originating in the corpus and for which there was adequate follow-up information (or clinical malignancy) were categorized into 2 groups: (1) a malignant group that was comprised of cases associated with patient death of disease and/or clinical malignancy as evidenced by local and/or distant extension outside of the uterus (n=13, group 1) and (2) a "nonmalignant" group of cases in which neither of the above features were present (n=18, group 2). Groups 1 and 2 did not significantly differ regarding duration of follow-up (25 mo vs. 24.3 mo, respectively, P=0.9) or patient age (45.61 y vs. 43.46 y, respectively, P=0.7). Five of the group 1 patients experienced distant (extra-abdominal) metastases. The group 1 tumors were significantly larger than the group 2 tumors (averages 9.6 cm vs. 4.67 cm respectively, P=0.04); however, there were no size thresholds that, in of themselves, reliably classified 75% or more of the cases in both groups. Coagulative necrosis was highly associated with group 1, being present in 82% of cases as compared with only 11.8% of group 2 cases (P=0.0002). Eighty-eight percent of the group 2 cases had a mitotic rate of 1/10 HPF and/or coagulative necrosis are features that, if present, raise the definite potential for aggressive behavior.
Multifunctional multilayer films containing polyoxometalates and bismuth oxide nanoparticles.

Multifunctional multilayer films consisting of the Keggin-type polyoxometalate [SiW9V3O40]7− (SiW9V3) and bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3) were prepared by the layer-by-layer assembly method. For the first time, electrochromic and photochromic studies were done on a film containing both polyoxometalates and nanoparticles. The films were characterized by UV−vis absorption, emission spectra, and atomic force microscopy. Their electrochromic and photochromic properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and UV−vis spectroscopy. The results show that the reduction of SiW9V3 is very reversible and tunable with the addition of Bi2O3 layers into the film. The electrocatalytic activity of the films toward oxidation of l-cysteine hydrochloride hydrate (l-cysteine) and reduction of nitrite were studied with cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the incorporation of Bi2O3 nanoparticles into the films changed the films’ photoluminescence properties and electrocatalytic efficiency.
Dispersion-corrected DFT calculations on C60-porphyrin complexes

The quality of the newly added, empirical dispersion correction in density functional theory (DFT) calculations is examined for several supramolecular complexes of fullerene (C60) with free-base and metal porphyrins (Por). The benzene dimer (C6H6)2, naphthalene dimer (C10H8)2, and anthracene dimer (C14H10)2 were also included in the study for comparison. Three density functionals, two damping functions, and two types of basis sets were employed in the computations. The estimated dispersion energies in the fullerene-porphyrin systems are rather large, ranging from 0.5 eV in C60·ZnP to 1 eV in C60·H2TPP. Any dispersion-corrected DFT (DFT + Edisp) method is shown to perform well for C60·H2TPP, C60·ZnTPP, and C60·ZnP, where the intermolecular distances are relatively large. But large basis sets, e.g. TZP (triple-ζ + one polarization function), are required in order to obtain reliable results with DFT + Edisp. In the case of C60·FeP, where the intermolecular distance R is short, the DFT + Edisp calculated R depends on the damping function as well as on the DFT method, and all the DFT + Edisp calculations lead to significant changes in the relative energies of the various spin states. The quality of the DFT + Edisp calculated results on C60·FeP is hard to judge here without detailed experimental data on a C60·FePor complex. Owing to error cancellation, the pure DFT calculations with a smaller DZP (double-ζ + one polarization function) basis set without any correction are shown to give quite accurate results.
Light‐scattering spectroscopic study of polysaccharide protein conjugate

By combining gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and light-scattering spectroscopy, including photon correlation and angular distribution of absolute scattered intensity, we were able to characterize immunologically active Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide (HIB Ps) bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates in terms of equivalent hydrodynamic radius rh ∼ (6.2 ± 0.6) × 102 A, apparent radius of gyration rg ∼ (5.4 ± 0.3) × 102 A, apparent molecular weight Mw ∼ (3.5 ± 0.4) × 106 g/mol, and a second virial coefficient A2 ∼ (1.9 ± 0.3) × 10−4 cm3 mol/g2. We could study the effects of each of the processes in the conjugate formation according to the following procedure: BSA (dialysis, modification, fractionation) + HIB Ps → HIB Ps/BSA conjugate (conjugate formation, fractionation). Narrow distributions of HIB Ps BSA conjugate formation can be achieved using fractionated BSA.
On the transmission of thermoelastic plane waves across a plane boundary

Abstract A mplitude ratios are computed for the four reflected and transmitted waves generated on the interface between two thermally conducting solids by an incident dilatational E wave. Several interesting special cases are discussed
Peripheral Neuromodulation for Treatment of Chronic Migraine Headache

Chronic migraines (CM) affect approximately 2% of the population, resulting in significant disability, economic burden, and impairments in quality of life. Historical neurosurgical procedures, such as lesioning of the trigeminal dorsal root entry zone or neurolysis of the occipital nerve, have not gained favor because of procedural morbidity and poor durability, respectively. Occipital nerve stimulation is emerging as a potentially promising modality for the treatment of CM, with greater than 50% pain reduction in approximately 80% of patients in open-label trials and ∼40% of patients in randomized controlled trials. Mechanisms of neuromodulation remain unclear.
Using Individual Psychology Concepts to Compare Family Systems Processes and Organizational Behavior

The authors provide a conceptual framework based on the principles of individual psychology and family systems theory for understanding important aspects of organizational behavior. The discussion includes individual and group behavior and addresses the similarities between the organization and the family as a system, leadership and parenting, employees and siblings in the family constellation, and corporate culture and family atmosphere. In addition, issues with regard to rules, regulations, and methods of child training, along with the similarities between problem employee and the identified patient in the family, are discussed. The authors attempt to integrate practical applications of this model in a variety of organizational settings.
Assessing networked coastal zone management programs

Abstract During the early development of the national coastal zone management program there was no federal prescription with regard to how coastal states should proceed in establishing their programs institutionally. At one end of the spectrum was the California model—a new coastal ‘'superagency'’ with power not only to plan, but to regulate development. At the other end of the spectrum was an approach which relied on existing agencies and authorities and improved policy development and coordination; this approach was described as “networking.”; Many coastal advocacy groups, academics, and bureaucrats viewed the networked model with skepticism. With more than a decade of experience, we here review and critique the efficacy of this approach to coastal management. Lessons learned from experimentation with networked coastal management programs may provide important lessons for other regional land and water resources management efforts.
Supramolecular Assembly of 2,7-Dimethyldiazapyrenium and Cucurbit[8]uril: A New Fluorescent Host for Detection of Catechol and Dopamine

The formation of a highly stable inclusion complex between 2,7-dimethyldiazapyrenium (Me2DAP2+) and the cucurbit[8]uril host (CB8) was demonstrated by X-ray crystallog.; MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry; and 1H NMR, electronic absorption, and emission spectroscopy. The equil. assocn. const. was detd. to be 8.9(ą0.2) 105 L mol-1 from UV-visible data and 8.4(ą1.5) 105 L mol-1 from fluorescence data. The Me2DAP2+CB8 inclusion complex acted as a host to bind compds. contg. arom. p-donor moieties (D), such as catechol and dopamine. This point was demonstrated by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and electrochem. and emission measurements. Fluorescence detection of the Me2DAP2+DCB8 ternary complexes was evident in aq. soln. and on the surface of silica particles, to which fluorescent diazapyrenium units had been covalently immobilized.
Configuration mixing in preequilibrium reactions: A new look at the hybrid-exciton controversy

The physical concepts of the hybrid and exciton models are reexamined and shown to constitute fundamentally different approaches to preequilibrium reactions. The difference in cross section predictions obtained from the models is not attributable\char22{}as has often been argued\char22{}to inappropriate exciton distribution functions in higher order terms or multiple chance emission. It rather rests with the question of whether or not configuration mixing is assumed to take place during equilibration and what is assumed about hole interactions. A simplified but realistic example is given to illustrate these points, and a test against experimental data is proposed to decide which model is the more appropriate to use.
Rethinking Race in American Politics

This piece introduces the four articles in this issue's minisymposium by explaining how they fit in with an emerging body of scholarship that places race centrally in asking and answering questions about American political development. The author identifies common themes and debates among the articles that contribute to understandings of the role of race in American politics and to different approaches in American political development. The author suggests that these articles together generate a new critical purchase on American politics through placing questions about civic membership as a crucial developmental phenomenon at the center of the analysis.
Looking at the Earth as a planet: Passive microwave remote sensing of land surfaces

Multi-frequency microwave radiometry from satellite is an excellent tool for providing a continuous monitoring of land surfaces, which is crucial in making decisions about land management in terms of water resources, agriculture, forestry, energy, tourism, transportation and similar activities, as well as in rapidly detection of natural and anthropic disasters. Microwave radiometers are highly sensitive, stable receivers that measure thermal emission from the observed surfaces. One of the greatest challenges of remote sensing involves inverting the measurements and retrieving the quantities of interests from the observed data. After a short description of the principles of microwave radiometry, observation instruments, and techniques, this paper addresses the issue of retrieving significant quantities of land surfaces which affect the water cycle and are important indicators of climate changes.
An examination of executive dysfunction associated with frontostriatal circuitry in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder presenting with subcortical pathology and characterized by motor deficits. However, as is frequently reported in the literature, patients with PD can also exhibit cognitive and behavioral (i.e., nonmotor) impairments, cognitive executive deficits and depression being the most prominent. Considerable attention has addressed the role that disruption to frontostriatal circuitry can play in mediating nonmotor dysfunction in PD. The three nonmotor frontostriatal circuits, which connect frontal cortical regions to the basal ganglia, originate from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The objective of the current study was to use our understanding of frontostriatal circuit function (via literature review) to categorize neuropsychological measures of cognitive and behavioral executive functions by circuit. To our knowledge, such an approach has not been previously attempted in ...
Einige Umsetzungen mit Methylwasserstoffpolysiloxan

Es werden beschrieben: Darstellung und Eigenschaften des Methylwasserstoffpolysiloxans (MHS), Verhalten gegen Alkali, Umsetzung mit Alkoholen und Sauren, Vulkanisation von Siliconkautschuk mit MHS, Reduktion anorganischer und organischer Verbindungen mit MHS, Addition ungesattigter Verbindungen, eine siloxanhaltige Phosphorwasserstoffverbindung und ihre Einwirkung auf Aldehyde, silliciumhaltige niederwertige Titanvebindungen und deren Umsetzungen mit olefinischen Doppelbindungen, ein Telomerisat des Styrols, ein siliciumhaltiges hochmolekulares Niederdruck-Polymers des Athylens. A description is given of the properties of methylhydrogensiloxane (MHS), its reaction with alkali, alcohols and acids, vulcanization of silicone rubber with MHS, reduction of inorganic and organic compounds with MHS, addition of unsaturated compounds, siloxane containing phosphorous hydrogen compund and its influence on aldehydes, siloxane and reduced titanium containing catalyst and its reaction with olefinic double-bonds, a telomerisate of styrenc, a silicon containing high molecular low-pressure polymer of ethylene.
SeaDog: A rugged mobile robot for surf-zone applications

Water and land mine detection performed on beaches and in turbulent surf-zone areas pose specific challenges to robot operation. A robot which is useful in the effort to disarm mined waterways must be capable of navigating rocky terrain, hard-packed wet sand and loose dry sand, and constantly changing underwater currents common to these environments. It is also preferable for them to be man-packable and have a large payload capacity for sensors. Studies of insect locomotion mechanisms, and their abstraction to specific movement principles, provides a framework for designing robots that can quickly adapt to varied terrain types. Based on recent success with beach environment autonomy and a new rugged waterproof robotic platform, we propose a new design that will fuse a range of insect-inspired passive mechanisms with active control strategies to seamlessly adapt to and traverse through a range of challenging environments both in and out of the water.
PULSAR RADIO EMISSION FROM EXPANDING CHARGE SHEETS.

We semi-quantitatively calculate the distribution of energy in frequency and angle emitted from a sheet of charges that are moving out relativistically along dipolar magnetic field lines originating near the magnetic polar caps of a rotating neutron star. The angular distribution is conical with the angle of maximum intensity varying with frequency ω as ω−1/4 for ω≲ω c ≈2 c /(Rθ M 2), whereRθM is the initial angular radius of the charge sheet at the surface of the star of radiusR. At higher frequencies the width of the angular cone remains constant. The radiation is linearly polarized with the polarization vector in the plane of the line of sight and the magnetic axis. A sheet of uniform charge density and finite thickness has a frequency spectrum that varies from ω−3/2 to ω−4 for ω≲ω c and ω≲ω c , respectively. These features are in good general agreement with the observed characteristics of the intensity, pulse shape, and frequency spectrum of the radio pulses from pulsars.
Diversification and Business Economic Performance Revisited: Issues of Measurement and Causality

Past research on the relationship between diversification and firm performance has been plagued by a number of problems. The present study addressed three such problems. Relationships between diversification and multiple performance dimensions were reframed in the context of a time-ordered causal model. The results suggest that both diversification and performance are multidimensional constructs and that identification of appropriate criteria for performance assessment depends on the strategy pursued. The results also raise some intriguing questions regarding the conceptual definitions of diversification and performance constructs.
The role of epoxidation in 4-vinylcyclohexene-induced ovarian toxicity

4-Vinylcyclohexene (VCH) is present in gases discharged during synthetic rubber production. Chronic treatment of B6C3F1 mice and F-344 rats with VCH by gavage has been shown to induce ovarian tumors in mice but not in rats. Our objective was to understand the mechanism of the species difference in VCH-induced ovarian tumors. Since a critical step in the induction of ovarian tumors is destruction of the small oocyte, small oocyte counts obtained from serially sectioned ovaries were used as an index of toxicity. VCH or its epoxide metabolites [VCH-diepoxide, VCH-1,2-epoxide, and VCH-7,8-epoxide (in mice only)] were given to 28-day-old female mice and rats in corn oil, ip, at doses ranging from 0.07 to 7.4 mmol/kg body wt/day for 30 days. The dose which reduced the small oocyte count to 50% that of control was defined as the ED50. In mice, the ED50 for the reduction in small oocytes by VCH was 2.7 mmol/kg, whereas, no detectable oocyte loss occurred in rats at the highest dose of VCH (7.4 mmol/kg). The potency of the epoxides of VCH was greater than that of VCH in both species. The ED50 for oocyte loss by VCH-1,2-epoxide in mice and rats was 0.5 and 1.4 mmol/kg, respectively. In mice, VCH-7,8-epoxide had comparable potency to VCH-1,2-epoxide (ED50 = 0.7). VCH diepoxide was even more potent with ED50 values of 0.2 and 0.4 mmol/kg, in mice and rats, respectively. The dose response of the blood concentration of VCH-1,2-epoxide in mice after VCH showed that doses of VCH which caused minimal toxicity had the lowest blood level of this ovotoxic epoxide. Pretreatment of mice with the cytochrome P450 inhibitor chloramphenicol (200 mg/kg, ip) inhibited VCH epoxidation in vivo and in vitro and partially protected mice from VCH toxicity. Thus it appears that metabolism of VCH to epoxides and their subsequent destruction of oocytes are critical steps in VCH-induced ovarian tumors. Rats may be resistant to ovarian tumor induction by VCH because the amount of VCH converted to epoxides is insufficient to produce oocyte destruction.
How Strategic Management Builds Company Value

Company value is the price at which an enterprise could trade in a merger or acquisition. Strategic management can play a critical role in enhancing that value. Yet, how the process works is not always obvious—especially to owners and managers who have difficulty seeing their companies from the perspective of new buyers.
Global track measuring algorithm using roads

Abstract A track measuring algorithm has been developed for the RIPPLE bubble chamber film measuring device which is well adapted to the topologies of high energy, high multiplicity events. The algorithm requires the premeasurement of the event vertex and an approximate measurement of the track to determine an inclusive road. The procedure is global within the road and is capable of identifying and measuring multiple tracks within the same road. The global character permits the accurate measurement of tracks which are obscured over much of their length.
The Democratic-Led 110th Congress: Implications for Asia

This essay assesses why and how the 110th Congress is likely to change U.S. policy toward Asia.
Killing pain, killing neurons?

Some commonly used pain medications inhibit the production of amyloid-β, a toxic peptide thought to have a major role in Alzheimer disease. New studies suggest that some COX-2 inhibitors may do the opposite—promote the production of this toxic peptide ( pages 545–550 ).
Evaluating and monitoring sedation, arousal, and agitation in the ICU.

Optimal management of patient comfort and sedative drug therapy for intensive care unit (ICU) patients includes establishing a goal of therapy—often defined by a desired level of consciousness, with titration of medications to achieve this target. An assessment of the level of consciousness is best performed using a simple tool, such as a sedation scale that relies on observation of the patient to assign a level of conscious that ranges from alert to unarousable. Many sedation scales incorporate observation of the patient's response to stimulation, which typically escalates from simply calling the patient's name to physical stimulation. Many such tools also incorporate an assessment of the presence and intensity of agitated behavior. Implementation of sedation scales has been associated with improved outcomes, and the frequent assessment of level of consciousness using a sedation scale is strongly recommended in clinical practice guidelines. Further, selection of a sedation scale that has been demonstrated to be valid and reliable in your patient population is endorsed. Objective measures of consciousness, such as devices that use processed electroencephalography, are less well established for routine ICU management and are recommended only for selected situations.
Effects of dual tasking on the postural performance of people with and without multiple sclerosis: a pilot study.

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibit both cognitive and postural impairments. This study examined the effects of MS and of dual tasking on postural performance, and explored associations among dual-task postural performance, cognitive capacity, fear of falling, and fatigue. Thirteen subjects with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale: 0–4.5) and 13 matched subjects without MS performed three tasks of standing postural control, with and without dual tasking amid an auditory Stroop task: (1) step initiation, (2) forward leaning to the limits of stability, and (3) postural responses to rotations of the support surface. Two-factor general linear models were used to evaluate differences between the groups (with or without MS) and two conditions (single or dual tasking) for each postural task. During step initiation, dual tasking significantly delayed the onset of the anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) more for the subjects with MS than for those without MS, and step lengths increased for the subjects with MS but decreased for those without MS. No other significant group-by-condition interactions were evident on the recorded variables of stepping, leaning, postural responses, or Stroop-response accuracies and latencies. The scores for the subjects with MS on the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale significantly associated with the change between single-task to dual-task conditions in APA onset and foot-lift onset during step initiation as well as in lean position variability and lean onset times during forward leaning. The results suggest dual-task effects were more evident during step initiation and are associated with levels of fatigue for subjects with MS.
Inter-Observer Agreement among Pathologists Using Wide-Area Transepithelial Sampling With Computer-Assisted Analysis in Patients With Barrett's Esophagus.

Inter-Observer Agreement among Pathologists Using Wide-Area Transepithelial Sampling With Computer-Assisted Analysis in Patients With Barrett’s Esophagus
Development and yearning: Cognitive aspects of spiritual development

Spirituality is important to humans but gets little attention in experimental studies of life span cognitive development. One way to integrate such studies is to examine cognitive aspects of spiritual development using complex postformal Piagetian models. Four possible points of interface within postformal models are: developmental stages; elements of emotion and will; multiperson cognition; and forms taken by the processes used. Testable hypotheses are outlined and some possible difficulties to be expected within such research are discussed.
Incidence of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: now and 50 years ago

Summary The increasing incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas is believed to be due to the growing proportion of human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. To examine the time trend in the incidence of human papillomavirus, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas diagnosed from 1956 to 1969 (n = 43) and from 2007 to 2009 (n = 54) were tested by p16 immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for human papillomavirus. Morphologically, in these 2 time periods, the predominant type of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma changed from keratinizing to nonkeratinizing, with increase in nonkeratinizing cases from 28% to 67% ( P P P = .04). The proportion of human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma increased from 35% to 72% (odds ratio, 4.9; P P
Puboprostatic Ligament Sparing Improves Urinary Continence After Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy

Objectives. To determine whether a puboprostatic ligament-sparing technique of prostatic apical dissection provided improved urinary continence after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Methods. A total of 43 men with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy (standard apical dissection in 25, puboprostatic ligament-sparing technique in 18). Patients were evaluated by independent observer questionnaire to determine their continence status. The questionnaire was tested in a control group of 25 men who had not undergone prostate surgery. The overall continence rate and time to achieve continence was compared between the two surgical groups. In addition, the clinical and pathologic stages and both the rate and location of positive margins were assessed. Results. Mean patient age and serum prostate-specific antigen values were not significantly different between the two groups. Clinical and pathologic stages were also similar. The mean follow-up period for the puboprostatic ligament-sparing group was 35 weeks compared with 57 weeks for the standard group (P <0.05). The median time until continence was achieved after surgery was significantly shorter (P = 0.01) for the puboprostatic ligament-sparing group than for the standard method (6.5 and 12 weeks, respectively). However, the overall continence rate at 1-year follow-up for the two groups was similar (100% and 94%, respectively). The positive margin rate and location of positive margins were not different with the puboprostatic ligament-sparing technique. Conclusions. The puboprostatic ligament-sparing technique improves the rapidity of return of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy without significantly enhancing overall continence or interfering with the therapeutic efficacy of the procedure.
Efficient approaches toward the solid-phase synthesis of new heterocyclic azoniaspiro ring systems: synthesis of tri- and tetrasubstituted 10-oxo- 3,9-diaza-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecanes.

An efficient approach for the parallel solid-phase synthesis of novel heterocyclic azoniaspiro ring systems is described. The target compounds, the 1,8,9-trisubstituted 10-oxo-3,9-diaza-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecanes, were obtained starting from resin-bound reduced dipeptides. The azoniaspiro cation was formed by intramolecular attack of a tertiary nitrogen on pendent α-bromocarbonyl. N-3 acylated and N-3 alkylamino carbonyl derivatives of the 1,8,9-trisubstituted 10-oxo-3,9-diaza-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecanes were obtained following in solution treatment of the N-3 azoniaspiro derivatives with different carboxylic acids and isocyanates.
Anaphylaxis after sesame seed ingestion

Four patients with histories of systemic anaphylaxis or angioedema and urticaria after ingestion of sesame seed or sesame oil-containing products were studied for anti-sesame seed extract IgE by the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Three of four were found to be positive. RAST inhibition after density-gradient ultracentrifugation of sesame seed extract indicates that the most active allergens appear to have molecular weights between 8,000 to 62,000 daltons.
Reoperative parathyroidectomy in 228 patients during the era of minimal-access surgery and intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring

Abstract Background Reoperative parathyroidectomy (R-PTX) in primary hyperparathyroidism (1HPT) has increased failure rates and morbidity. This study evaluated R-PTX during the era of minimal-access PTX with intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) monitoring. Methods Two thousand sixty-five patients with 1HPT who underwent PTX were assessed for R-PTX. Preoperative studies, operative findings, and outcomes were evaluated. Results Two hundred twenty-eight patients underwent 236 R-PTX procedures. Imaging performed included sestamibi (89%), ultrasound (US; 56%), computed axial tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (5%), and selective venous sampling (1%). Sestamibi was more sensitive than US (84% vs 68%). Curative surgery was performed in 89% of patients. IOPTH was 99% sensitive. There was no relationship between cure and the following parameters: preoperative calcium or PTH levels, persistent or recurrent disease, or use of IOPTH. Solitary gland disease and a single previous operation were associated with increased likelihood of cure ( P = .06). Hypoparathyroidism was decreased using IOPTH monitoring (2% vs 9%). One patient had recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Conclusions R-PTX can be performed effectively with minimal complications. IOPTH is an accurate predictor of cure and may decrease the frequency of permanent hypoparathyroidism.
Resilience Notions for Scale-free Networks

Abstract Much of traditional graph theoretic analysis of networks had focused on regular or near-regular network models such as random Erdos-Renyi models, where the degree distribution is either the same for every node or highly concentrated about the mean. As such, much beautiful theoretical machinery exists to analyze various properties including analysis of network resilience via eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix representing the network. However, it has been recently observed that real world networks tend to be scale-free, which usually implies a high variance and power-law degree distribution. This poses a problem in applying existing theoretical machinery to some problems, particularly that of the resilience of networks to node attacks. In this work we examine networks in which the greatest discrepancy arises in attempting to apply previous resilience notions, and we tailor a new mathematical notion of resilience that works for scale-free networks in the presence of node attacks.
Assessing Public Response to Freeway Roadsides: Urban Forestry and Context-Sensitive Solutions

Social science methods can be used to assess how the public values context-sensitive solutions. The roadside landscape is a public lands resource that has many functions and provides many benefits. Diverse stakeholders may have varied expectations for roadside design. The urban forest is often a contested component of the urban roadside. Two research surveys based on landscape assessment literature were used to assess and quantify public preferences and perceptions with regard to trees in highspeed and freeway roadsides. One photo questionnaire was distributed in urban areas nationally and the other in Washington State. To elicit public attitudes about visual quality and community image, each survey included design visualizations constructed with digitally edited photographs. Research results were consistent across both studies. Respondents judged images with increasing amounts of roadside vegetation, including trees, to have a higher amenity value. The presence of more extensive community greening was as...
Rapid assay for oestrogen receptor binding to PCB metabolites

Abstract Hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) bind the oestrogen receptor (ER) and increase uterine weight in animal models. This oestrogenic action of PCB metabolites is of putative human health concern. We have thus developed a system to study human in vitro PCB metabolism. Human liver microsomes produced PCB metabolites in an NADPH-dependent microsomal reaction mixture (MRM); the metabolites were tested for ER-binding affinity in the human recombinant oestrogen receptor-α (ER) competitive binding assay. These metabolites were identified using HPLC by comparing the retention times with known PCB-metabolites. 2,4,6-Trichlorobiphenyl (246BP) was used as a prototype to standardize this method. 246BP up to a concentration of 50 μ m did not bind to ER, but 246BP-MRM competed for binding to ER; it competed for 75% of 3H-estradiol-17β (3H-E2) binding to ER. The ER-binding component of the 246BP-MRM had a retention time identical to that of 4′OH-246BP using HPLC. This method provides a rapid screen for the qualitative assessment of the presence of microsomally-generated ER-binding PCB metabolites to guide further characterization of these compounds by GC/MS analysis.
The effect of neighboring methionine residue on tyrosine nitration and oxidation in peptides treated with MPO, H2O2, and NO2(-) or peroxynitrite and bicarbonate: role of intramolecular electron transfer mechanism?

Recent reports suggest that intramolecular electron transfer reactions can profoundly affect the site and specificity of tyrosyl nitration and oxidation in peptides and proteins. Here we investigated the effects of methionine on tyrosyl nitration and oxidation induced by myeloperoxidase (MPO), H2O2 and NO2 � and � ) or ONOO
Experimental measurement of the thermal stability criteria for the low pressure methanol synthesis

The mathematical basis was derived for the experimental measurement of the ''Slope Condition'' and of the ''Dynamic Condition'' of the thermal stability criteria in a laboratory-scale internal recycle reactor. This work also resulted in clearer interpretations and simpler expressions for the two stability criteria. The method was experimentally demonstrated on the example of the low pressure methanol synthesis. Only seven experiments were needed to evaluate the stability criteria of this reaction for which the kinetics is unknown.
Rheumatic fever, autoimmunity, and molecular mimicry: the streptococcal connection.

The group A streptococcus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and its link to autoimmune sequelae, has acquired a new level of understanding. Studies support the hypothesis that molecular mimicry between the group A streptococcus and heart or brain are important in directing immune responses in rheumatic fever. Rheumatic carditis, Sydenham chorea and a new group of behavioral disorders called pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections are reviewed with consideration of autoantibody and T cell responses and the role of molecular mimicry between the heart, brain and group A streptococcus as well as how immune responses contribute to pathogenic mechanisms in disease. In rheumatic carditis, studies have investigated human monoclonal autoantibodies and T cell clones for their crossreactivity and their mechanisms leading to valve damage in rheumatic heart disease. Although studies of human and animal sera from group A streptococcal diseases or immunization models have been cru...
Prediction and measurement of volatile retention during extrusion processing

The loss of volatiles during extrusion of a corn-based product was studied. Four organic flavour compounds were tested: n-butanol, octane, benzaldehyde and limonene. A method was developed to calculate the vapour pressure of the volatile at the extruder die exit temperature through use of the Henry's law coefficient. Two models were developed to predict loss of volatiles. The thermodynamic model assumed complete equilibrium between the solid and vapour phase. This model gave moderate to poor prediction of retention for n-butanol but was within 20–30% for limonene and benzaldehyde. A second model based on relative volatility with respect to water loss, as assessed by steam distillation, gave predictions which were good for both n-butanol and benzaldehyde. This latter model has potential for prediction of retention of polar flavour compounds.
Power, Uncertainty, and the Onset of International Violence

This study suggests a particular conceptualization of power for purposes of explaining the onset of international warfare. Power is here understood as a capability to effect a reduction of environmental uncertainty, while the exercise of power for the benefit of an actor is the actual reduction of that uncertainty. Eight types of power configuration are specified, including, among others, control, subservience, constraint, and inversion. The conditions of power loss in alliance systems and power constraint in the form of geographical frontiers are found to be related to the frequency of war for central power nations. An alternative approach stemming from theories of international stability yields the same functional relationship as does the initial power framework. Additionally, a logarithmic relationship is found between the number of international poles existing in the period 1815-1945 and the frequency of war. Policy implications are derived relative to alliance-formation and responses to the emergence...
Hydro-thermal, scheduling by tabu search and decomposition method

In this paper, an enhanced algorithm for hydro-thermal power system generation scheduling is presented. By applying the tabu search, a decomposition method and taking into account the nonlinearity of time-varying starting costs, an effective algorithm is proposed to increase the computing accuracy of the dynamic scheduling process. The proposed approach may start from any traditional scheduling method proposed earlier, and improve the sub-optimal solution by a neighborhood search method. In this regard, additional constraints can be added to the problem formulation which provides a fast scheduling or rescheduling solution to large scale hydro-thermal power systems. The results show that the proposed algorithm is both efficient and reliable.
STATISTICAL PLANNING AND DESIGNING OF EXPERIMENTS TO DETECT DIFFERENCES IN SENSORY EVALUATION OF BEEF LOIN STEAKS

The main objective of a sensory experiment is to determine the effect of certain treatments on the response of a group of people. The primary obstacle in accomplishing this objective is that responses of sensory groups are extremely variable making the detection of true differences in response due to treatments difficult. It was the objective of this study to perform sensory experiments so that true differences in the main effects of interest could be detected. Consequently, achieving this objective necessitated the completion of the following three facets of an exemplary sensory study. Initially, the experimenter should carefully plan the experiment so as to control variation by rigorously training the panelists and controlling the objective and subjective error components of experimental error. Secondly, the experimenter should choose a restricted experimental design which stratifies the experimental units into homogeneous subgroups and accounts for all known sources of variation. The known but uncontrollable sources of variation should be nullified through randomization. A sufficient number of replications should be run to attain the desired level of precision. The principles necessary for the efficient planning and designing of experiments are presented. Lastly, the experimenter must collect accurate data and employ theoretically sound procedures to analyze that data. A sensory experiment was conducted invoking the above guidelines which made possible the detecting of true differences in steak palatability due to cooking endpoint temperature and marbling level.
Homology Modeling of Cannabinoid Receptors: Discovery of Cannabinoid Analogues for Therapeutic Use

Cannabinoids represent a promising class of compounds for developing novel therapeutic agents. Since the isolation and identification of the major psychoactive component D 9 -THC in Cannabis sativa in the 1960s, numerous analogues of the classical plant cannabinoids have been synthesized and tested for their biological activity. These compounds primarily target the cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) and Cannabinoid receptors 2 (CB2). This chapter focuses on CB1. Despite the lack of crystal structures for CB1, protein-based homology modeling approaches and molecular docking methods can be used in the design and discovery of cannabinoid analogues. Efficient synthetic approaches for therapeutically interesting cannabinoid analogues have been developed to further facilitate the drug discovery process.
Gompertzian growth curves in parathyroid tumours: Further evidence for the set-point hypothesis

Background: Clinical and cell kinetic data in parathyroid tumours show that their rate of growth slows down progressively and that tumour size approaches an asymptotic value. The Gompertz equation has been widely used in oncology to model growth retardation in malignant tumours; we describe its first aplication to a benign tumour. Methods: In 41 patients with radiation associated hyperparathy- roidism, individual solutions were derived for the Gompertz equation: N, = Exp(A/ a (1 - Exp -a t)), where A is the rate constant (years-') for initial exponential growth and a is the rate constant (years ') for exponential decline in A. Input data comprised three estimates of tumour age at surgery, loo%, 75% and 50% of the time since irradiation, cell number estimated from tumour weight, and current tumour growth rate, representing the difference between current cell birth rate, estimated from the prevalence of mitotic figures, and an assumed mean rate of cell loss of 5%. Results: With 100% tumour age, geometric mean values were 2.76 for A, 0.134 for a, and 0.87 g for the growth asymptote. As assumed tumour age decreased, the rate constants increased and the growth asymptotes declined from 22% to 9% greater than the geometric mean tumour weight. Depending on assumed tumour age, the rate constants were about 15-45 times smaller than in myeloma and in testicular tumours, and the growth asymptotes about 2500 and about 60 times smaller, respectively. A and a were highly correlated (r'= 0.993), with a slope of 20.9 and no significant intercept. Depending on assumed tumour age, the geometric mean time from the initial mutation to the first cell division ranged from 39 to 92 days, much longer than in malignant tumours. Conclusions: (1) The Gompertz modelling demonstrates that both the nonprogressive clinical course and the slow growth of parathyroid tumours can be accounted for by a single mutation. (2) The extremely low values for A and a, and consequent very long delay before the first cell division, support the notion that the initial mutation does not affect a growth regulatory gene, but increases growth indirectly via an increase in secretory set-point, the clone of mutant cells behaving as if they were in a hypocalcaemic environment until the plasma calcium rises to the new set-point. (3) The clinical characteristics of radiation-induced parathyroid tumours are modelled more closely if there is a substantial delay between time of irradiation and onset of tumour growth. (4) The rate constants A and a are highly correlated because the variability
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolyzers Utilizing Non-precious Mo-based Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts

The development of low-cost hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts that can be readily integrated into electrolyzers is critical if H2 from renewable electricity-powered electrolysis is to compete cost effectively with steam reforming. Herein, we report three distinct earth-abundant Mo-based catalysts, namely those based on MoSx , [Mo3 S13 ](2-) nanoclusters, and sulfur-doped Mo phosphide (MoP|S), loaded onto carbon supports. The catalysts were synthesized through facile impregnation-sulfidization routes specifically designed for catalyst-device compatibility. Fundamental electrochemical studies demonstrate the excellent HER activity and stability of the Mo-sulfide based catalysts in an acidic environment, and the resulting polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzers that integrate these catalysts exhibit high efficiency and durability. This work is an important step towards the goal of replacing Pt with earth-abundant catalysts for the HER in commercial PEM electrolyzers.
Measuring the flavor asymmetry in the sea quarks of the proton

The proton is a composite object made of fundamental, strongly-interacting quarks. Many of the features of the proton can be described by a simple picture based on three valence quarks bound by the exchange of gluons. However, protons are much more complex objects with the vast majority of their mass dynamically generated by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This mass manifests itself through a "sea" of gluons and quark-antiquark pairs. By measuring DrellYan scattering, the Fermilab E-906/SeaQuest experiment will study the sea quark distribution in the proton and, in particular, the unusually large asymmetry between anti-up and anti-down quarks measured by earlier Drell-Yan experiments. This asymmetry cannot simply be generated through pair creation, but rather indicates an underlying, fundamental antiquark component in the proton. Using the same technique, E-906/SeaQuest will also investigate the differences between the antiquark distributions of the free proton and a proton bound in a nucleus. Nuclear binding is expected to modify the quark distributions and it has long been known that the overall quark distributions are different (the EMC effect). Surprisingly, present data suggests that the antiquark distributions and hence the sea distributions are not modified. To accomplish these goals, the experiment will used a 120 GeV proton beam extracted from the Fermilab Main Injector. While the experiment will be taking advantage of equipment from earlier Drell-Yan experiments, the changes in kinematics of the experiment require several, significant upgrades to the spectrometer. The collaboration expects to begin data collection in fall 2010.