cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ON THE CONVERSION OF BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEMS INTO STABLE INITIAL-VALUE PROBLEMS VIA SEVERAL INVARIANT IMBEDDING ALGORITHMS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the conversion of boundary-value problems into stable initial-value problems via several invariant imbedding algorithms. When the solution of the boundary-value problem is smooth and only a few output points are desired, all the algorithms operate with approximately the same degree of efficiency and return approximately the same accuracy. As a result of the stability of the equations, all of the codes normally produce greater accuracy than requested. The addition formulas, in particular, are especially susceptible to the number and placement of output points and to the strategy of choosing the break points to avoid the singularities. The Scott algorithm must be implemented with the restart process to avoid the loss of significance in subtraction. Since the imbedding algorithms are very stable and employ very sophisticated initial-value codes, which vary the step size, the integration is extremely efficient. The multiple shooting codes can be implemented to use the same initial-value codes. However, if the problem requires many subdivisions of the interval, then the number of equations becomes large and slows down the process. The imbedding will almost always be faster if there is much structure to the solution.
Supporting Student Learning from a Distance

With the advent of the two-way televised interactive classroom, more and more campuses are expanding their distance learning programs, reaching a growing population of students for whom traditional...
Spreading Influence Through Weak Ties:: Cosponsorship, Legislative Networks, and Bill Success in Fragmented Congresses

Fil: Skigin, Natan. Universidad Torcuato Di Tella. Departamento de Ciencia Politica y Estudios Internacionales; Argentina. University of Notre Dame; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF RIZATRIPTAN BENZOATE ORAL DISINETGRATING FILM

Rizatriptan Benzoate is a newer preferantionalCOX-1 inhibitor, has been used to relieve the symptoms of arthritis, primary dysmenorrhea, fever and as an analgesic, especially where there is an inflammatory component. The present work aimed at preparing oral fast quick onset of action, which is very convenient for administration, without the problem of swallowing and using water. Oral Disinetgrating Film of Rizatriptan Benzoate were prepared using HPMC ( E5, E15) and pullan gum polymers as film forming agents and PEG 400 as plasticizer by solvent casting method. FTIR showed that there is no interaction between drug and excipients. Dissolution of prepared Oral Disinetgrating Film of Rizatriptan Benzoate was performed using USP type II apparatus in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer medium at 50 rpm with temperature being maintained at 37 0.5oC. The films prepared were evaluated for various parameters like thickness, percent elongation, drug content uniformity, weight variation, disintegration time, folding endurance and in vitro drug release and were showed satisfactory results. In conclusion, development of fast dissolving oral films using pullan gum polymer gives rapid drug delivery and rapid onset of action.F8 Forulation was found to be as optimized formulation.
Operator Suspicion and Human-Machine Team Performance Under Mission Scenarios of Unmanned Ground Vehicle Operation

Emergent cyber-attack threats against cyber-physical systems can create potentially catastrophic impacts. The operators must intervene at the right moment when suspected attacks occur, without over-reliance on systems to detect the cyber-attacks. However, military operators are normally trained to trust, rather than suspect systems. We applied suspicion theory to explore how operators detect and respond to cyber-attacks against an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) system in the operational context of a human–machine team (HMT). We investigated the relationships between the operator suspicion and HMT performance by conducting human-in-the-loop experiments on eight mission scenarios with 32 air-force officers. The experiment yielded a significant, negative relationship between operator suspicion and HMT performance (quantified both in terms of the desirability of decision response and the time to respond). Notably, operator suspicion increased with the combined effects of cyber-attacks and a sentinel alert but not with the alert alone. This finding was particularly meaningful for “false-negative” scenarios, in which no sentinel alert was sent despite cyber-attacks having occurred. Although the operators did not receive an alert, the operators grew more suspicious, seeking more information; it took longer for the operators to respond, and their decision responses were highly divergent (17.2% came with less-desirable responses, and 21.9% were considered instances of over-reliance). In contrast, in “false-positive” scenarios, 95.3% of the operator responses were highly desirable. This experiment has implications for the role of a sentinel alert in engineering trustworthy HMT systems so that the operators can quickly transition through state-suspicion to the most desirable decision.
Development of Novel CD138 Antigen-Specific Peptide Capable of Eliciting Myeloma-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Response.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the accumulation of mature plasma cells in the bone marrow. Despite progress in treatment, the disease still remains incurable, therefore novel therapeutic approaches are required to achieve better treatment. Development of peptide-based immunotherapies against specific tumor-associated antigens offers an attractive approach that may lead to tumor-targeted cellular therapy in MM patients. CD138 (Syndecan-1) is an unique target expressed on the surface of MM cells and normal plasma cells with very limited other distribution or expression. CD138 has been reported to play an important role in myeloma cell survival and, infact, is used to purify MM cells in laboratory experiments. The purpose of this study was to develop immunogenic peptides derived from CD138 antigen for the induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against MM. We have identified an immunogeneic HLA-A2-specific CD138 peptide that is capable of inducing MM specific-CTLs. To induce the specific CTLs, HLA-A2-positive normal human T lymphocytes were stimulated with autologous dendritic cells or T2 cells pulsed with the CD138 peptide. The generated CTLs showed a distinct phenotype consisting of 67% of CD69+/CD45RO+ and 1% of CD45RA+/CCR7+ T cells, characteristic of effector memory cell population. A significant ( p < 0.05) increase in T cell proliferation and IFN-g secretion were observed by the CTLs following restimulation with HLA-A2+/CD138+ MM cells. The CTLs displayed HLA-A2-restricted CD138-specific cytotoxic activity against MM cell, demonstrated as 76% and 86% cytotoxicity at Effector:Target ratios of 20:1 or 60:1, respectively. The MM cell-specific cytotoxicity was confirmed in “cold” target inhibition assays using HLA-A2.1+/CD138+ MM cells as “cold” inhibitor, demonstrated 25% and 39% reduction in cytotoxicity when incubated with cold inhibitors at E:T ratios of 20:1 or 60:1, respectively. A distinct CD138 peptide-specific tetramer+/CD8+ population was also confirmed. Taken together, these data demonstrate the efficacy of the immunogenic CD138 peptide in inducing a cellular immune response in MM for future clinical application.
Broad internal limiting membrane peeling with adjunctive plasma-thrombin for repair of large macular holes : A retrospective case series.

PurposeTo assess the potential efficacy of broad internal limiting membrane peeling with adjunctive plasma–thrombin instillation to treat large macular holes and to make qualitative comparisons to ...
Summary of the state-of-the-art in centrifuge model testing

This chapter gives a summary of the state of the art in centrifuge modelling and testing, and is based on the detailed reviews of the different aspects of the subject. It explains the basis of an oral presentation at International Conference of the Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering in San Francisco in August 1985. Testing of prototype to failure also produces unbearable consequences and is usually avoided at all costs. As an alternative, the concept of modelling of models has evolved to provide check on the internal consistency of the centrifuge model testing scheme. Since the type and nature of any centrifuge model testing program is heavily dependent upon the capability of the facility, it is felt necessary to review the currently available centrifuge facilities. This method of testing scaled models of earth structures has not only received attention as a research tool, but also been recognised as a teaching aid to introduce students of geotechnology to phenomena.
Evaluation of viral RNA extraction methods to detect porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and influenza A viruses from used commercial HVAC air filters from swine farms

Abstract Filtering the air entering swine farms has significantly reduced the incidence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) infections in Midwestern breeding herds. Despite the significant investment made in installation of air filters, the nature and type of viruses trapped by these filters are not yet clear because of the unavailability of reliable methods to elute and detect these viruses. Here we report that eluting viral particles from the air filters by grinding filter specimens with liquid nitrogen, coupled with TRIzol reagent to extract RNA can detect both PRRSv and influenza A virus (IAV) from used minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) 14, 15 and 16 rated air filters. PRRSv was detected in 27% (12/44) and IAV was detected in 66% (29/44) of filters that had been in installation between 08/12/13 and 07/12/17. Interestingly, PRRSv was also detected on used filters from farms with PRRSv negative status at the time of filter removal. Presence of PRRSv and IAV in the used filters show likely evidence of between herd aerosol spread for these viruses. The methods derived from this study open up avenues to further investigate airborne transmission and risk of virus introduction into farms contributing to the control of diseases in swine.
Microbiology of hip and knee periprosthetic joint infections: A database study.

Abstract Objectives Knowledge of the microbiological aetiology of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is essential to its management. Contemporary literature from the United States on this topic is lacking. This study aimed to identify the most common microorganisms associated with types of arthroplasty, the timing of infection, and clues to polymicrobial infection. Methods We performed an analytical cross-sectional study of patients 18 years of age or older with hip or knee PJI diagnosed at our institution between 2010 and 2019. PJI was defined using the criteria adapted from those of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society. Cases included PJI associated with primary or revision arthroplasty and arthroplasty performed at our institution or elsewhere. Results A total of 2067 episodes of PJI in 1651 patients were included. Monomicrobial infections represented 70% of episodes (n = 1448), with 25% being polymicrobial (n = 508) and the rest (5%, n = 111) culture-negative. The most common group causing PJI was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (other than S. ludgunensis) (37%, n = 761). The distribution of most common organisms was similar regardless of arthroplasty type. The S. aureus complex, Gram-negative bacteria, and anaerobic bacteria (other than Cutibacterium species) were more likely to be isolated than other organisms in the first year following index arthroplasty (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.4–2.2; OR 1.5, 95%CI 1.1–2.0; and OR 1.5, 95%CI 1.0–2.2, respectively). The proportion of culture-negative PJIs was higher in primary than revision arthroplasty (6.5% versus 3%, p 0.0005). The presence of a sinus tract increased the probability of the isolation of more than one microorganism by almost three-fold (OR 2.6, 95%CI 2.0–3.3). Conclusions Joint age, presence of a sinus tract, and revision arthroplasties influenced PJI microbiology.
Antibiotic Selection for Suspected Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection Among Penicillin-Allergic Patients in the Emergency Department.

Objectives While penicillin allergies are commonly reported, their cross-reactivity with beta-lactam antibiotics is minimal. First-line treatment of gonorrheal infections includes a cephalosporin. In emergency department (ED) environments, physicians must consider these potential allergies when selecting antibiotics for a patient with symptoms concerning for sexually transmitted infection (STI). Methods A retrospective chart review of adult patients with symptoms concerning for STI presenting to an urban ED from January 2014 through June 2019 was performed. Chart discovery used search terms of "STI", "STD", "urethritis", "vaginitis", and "gonorrhea". Information abstracted included patient symptoms, type of care provider, antibiotics prescribed or administered in the ED. Results A total of 603 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 31 reported allergies to penicillin antibiotics, and another three reported allergies to cephalosporins. Patients reporting penicillin allergy were less likely to receive a cephalosporin antibiotic (p=0.0081). Patients reporting a non-anaphylactic allergy to penicillin received a cephalosporin at a rate of 92.3%. Patients reporting a penicillin allergy under the care of only an attending physician were less likely to receive a cephalosporin antibiotic compared with those whose care teams included either a resident physician or physician assistant (p=0.00019). Patients reporting a penicillin allergy were more likely to receive alternative antibiotics beyond cephalosporins or azithromycin (p=0.048); the most frequently given additional antibiotics were metronidazole, doxycycline, and levofloxacin. Conclusions Patients with penicillin allergies represent a recurring challenge for ED physicians when faced with antibiotic selection for STI symptoms concerning for gonorrheal infection. Those with penicillin allergies are significantly less likely to receive a cephalosporin antibiotic, though these remain the only universally accepted treatment for gonorrheal infections. These findings highlight the significant need for further physician and public education on allergies and antibiotic selection.
Rhythmic and distant depths in James Joyce and Colm Tóibín

This article argues for an essential shift in the phenomenology of architectural representation and experience occurring between the nationally conversant fictions of James Joyce and Colm Toibin. I...
The Normal Structure of the One-Point Stabilizer of a Doubly-Transitive Group

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the normal structure of the one-point stabilizer of a doubly transitive group. To show the structure, the theorem extended is that if G is a doubly-transitive permutation group on X and A X is a normal subgroup of G x , such that A X is abelian and not semi-regular on X – x, then PSL(n, q) ≤ G ≤ PΓL (n, q), n ≥ 3 (G is a doubly-transitive group on a set X and G x ). It is suggested that this theorem has several consequences, the first of which is of a geometrical nature. Another consequence yields information about the normal structure of the one-point stabilizer of a doubly transitive group. The third consequence of this theorem is of an arithmetic nature. Essentially, it bounds the degree of a doubly transitive group in terms of the length of the orbits of a normal subgroup (when such a bound is possible).
‘When we are tired we shall rest’: bus boycotts in the United States of America and South Africa and prospects for comparative history

This article looks at some of the practical, methodological, and disciplinary issues connected to comparative and transnational history through the lens of bus boycotts in South Africa and the United States in the 1950s. Comparative history by its very nature requires historians to transcend both the restrictive boundaries that the profession sometimes imposes as well as a fundamentally interdisciplinary approach to scholarship. Yet as the suggestive comparisons between boycotts in Montgomery, Alabama, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the Transvaal in the mid-1950s show, such work can be rewarding in providing a transnational framework for understanding protest movements that transcend national borders. Catsam argues in the end of his article that “a deeper understanding of both [the American and South African] struggles together may well help us better to grasp the significance of each separately.”
How Not to Apply Actavis

One of the most pressing issues in patent and antitrust law involves agreements by which brand-name drug companies pay generic firms to delay entering the market. In FTC v. Actavis, Inc., the Supreme Court held that these settlements could violate the antitrust laws. And while the Court introduced a blueprint for analyzing the agreements, it anticipated that the lower courts would play a crucial role in elaborating the framework.Along these lines, two recent district court decisions portend ominous difficulties for this area. In fact, if the rulings in In re Lamictal Direct Purchaser Antitrust Litigation and In re Loestrin 24 FE Antitrust Litigation are affirmed and adopted by other courts, plaintiffs will face nearly insurmountable hurdles, rendering the landmark Actavis decision nothing more than a dead letter. This Essay shows that the Lamictal and Loestrin courts erred in (1) applying a framework never anticipated in Actavis, (2) ignoring crucial holdings from Actavis, and (3) amassing unjustified powers for themselves.In blocking affordable generic prescription drugs, “exclusion payment” settlements cost consumers billions of dollars and have profound consequences for public health. But if the trend unleashed by the Lamictal and Loestrin cases is not quickly reversed, courts will be relegated to the role of traffic cops waving anticompetitive settlements through flashing green lights of judicial “scrutiny.”
Production, Purification and Activity of an Extracellular Depolymerase from Aspergillus fumigatus

A strain of Aspergillus fumigatus, which was observed to rapidly degrade poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) in a leaf compost, was found to secrete an extracellular hydrolase when grown on PHB as the sole carbon source. Isolation and characterization of the PHB hydrolase (depolymerase) from this fungus revealed that the enzyme had a molecular weight of 57 kDa, an isoelectric point of 7.2, and a PHB hydrolysis activity maxima which occurred at 70°C and pH 8.0. Affinity labeling experiments suggested that this fungal hydrolase is a type of serine esterase. The cyclic trimers of 3-hydroxybutyrate were found to reversibly inhibit the enzymes.
Unavoidable Difficulties in Drafting Easements

This article discusses the use of the word “exclusive” in easements through, with advice to transactionalists as to prudent drafting and to litigators as to arguments to make for dominant and servient estate holders.
Corporate Sponsorship and Season Ticket Holder Attendees: An Evaluation of Changes in Recall Over the Course of One American Collegiate Football Season

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of sponsorship awareness of season ticket holders and the change in the awareness over the duration of one American collegiate football season through a sponsorship recall survey. The results showed that there were increases in the recall rates for eight of the nine actual sponsor companies used in the study from the beginning to the end of the season; however, only three of these differences were statistically significant.
Children's Comprehension and Local-to-Global Recall of Narrative and Expository Texts.

We examined underlying mechanisms for comprehension differences across expository and narrative text while controlling for factors confounded in the extant literature. Fourth grade students ( n =32) read both an expository and a narrative text, and completed both a local comprehension assessment, and a global retelling assessment for each text. Children recalled more information from narrative than expository texts in the global processing task, but there was no difference in the local processing task. Our findings are consistent with psycholinguistic studies on the formation of mental models from text, and suggest that narrative structure may facilitate memory for global information even when local comprehension of exposition and narrative is equivalent.
Limbal stem cell disease: management with scleral lenses.

Background: Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) results from damage to or destruction of corneal stem cells.Methods: A retrospective review of clinical records of a patient with LSCD describes the...
Performance merits of multi-fiber DWDM networks employing different shared wavelength conversion resources architectures

The end-to-end performance for circuit switched all-optical networks in multi-fiber multi-hop environments is modeled and evaluated with and without wavelength conversion. We study the effects of parameters such as path length, number of fibers, number of wavelengths in each fiber, and offered load on key performance parameters in multi-fiber multi-hop setting. The increase in performance in the wavelength routing DWDM network due to wavelength conversion at each node, and different degrees of wavelength conversion are considered. This work also examines different wavelength converter sharing architectures and their effects on performance when the hops along the path between source-distention pair have different loads. It also examines the performance issues for share-per-link wavelength convertible switch (WCS) using a simple Conversion Resources Allocation Algorithm (CRAA).
Experience with the dermatology inpatient hospital service for adults: Mayo Clinic, 2000–2010

Background There is a paucity of medical literature describing the role of dermatology inpatient hospital services for patients with severe dermatologic disease. A diminishing number of US hospitals have a dedicated dermatology inpatient service run by dermatologists. Objectives To describe the role of a dermatology-run inpatient service in treatment of severe dermatologic disease from 2000 to 2010 at our institution. Methods We studied demographic characteristics, indications for admission and length of stay for the adult (age, >18 years) dermatology inpatient hospital service over the most recent decade. We compared data from the first 5.5 years with the subsequent 5.5 years and with previously published data. Results A total of 1732 patients had 2216 inpatient admissions to the adult service from 2000 to 2010. The mean (SD) age was 61.3 (17.7) years (age range 18–100 years). Median duration of admission was 3 days interquartile range (IQR), 2–5 days. The most common indications for admission were dermatitis (44.2%), psoriasis (17.4%) and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (9.2%). We compared admissions from 2000 to mid-2005 (n = 1260) to admissions from mid-2005 to 2010 (n = 956). Statistically significant changes included median length of stay (decreased from 4 days [IQR, 3–6 days] to 3 days [IQR, 2–4 days] P < 0.01), admissions for psoriasis (decreased from 20.7% to 13.0%; P < .01) and admissions for dermatitis (increased from 41.6% to 47.6%; P < .01). Conclusion The number of patients admitted and the median length of stay decreased between the 2 periods. Indications for admission have changed significantly across the two time periods.
A Two-Stage Stochastic Integer Programming Approach to Integrated Staffing and Scheduling with Application to Nurse Management

We study the problem of integrated staffing and scheduling under demand uncertainty. This problem is formulated as a two-stage stochastic integer program with mixed-integer recourse. The here-and-now decision is to find initial staffing levels and schedules. The wait-and-see decision is to adjust these schedules at a time closer to the actual date of demand realization. We show that the mixed-integer rounding inequalities for the second-stage problem convexify the recourse function. As a result, we present a tight formulation that describes the convex hull of feasible solutions in the second stage. We develop a modified multicut approach in an integer L-shaped algorithm with a prioritized branching strategy. We generate 20 instances each with more than 1.3 million integer and 4 billion continuous variables of the staffing and scheduling problem using 3.5 years of patient volume data from Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Computational results show that the efficiency gained from the convexification of the recourse function is further enhanced by our modifications to the L-shaped method. The results also show that compared with a deterministic model, the two-stage stochastic model leads to a significant cost savings. The cost savings increase with mean absolute percentage errors in the patient volume forecast.
Further Analysis of the Crouzon Mouse: Effects of the FGFR2 C342Y Mutation Are Cranial Bone–Dependent

Crouzon syndrome is a debilitating congenital disorder involving abnormal craniofacial skeletal development caused by mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2). Phenotypic expression in humans exhibits an autosomal dominant pattern that commonly involves premature fusion of the coronal suture (craniosynostosis) and severe midface hypoplasia. To further investigate the biologic mechanisms by which the Crouzon syndrome-associated FGFR2(C342Y) mutation leads to abnormal craniofacial skeletal development, we created congenic BALB/c FGFR2(C342Y/+) mice. Here, we show that BALB/c FGFR2(C342Y/+) mice have a consistent craniofacial phenotype including partial fusion of the coronal and lambdoid sutures, intersphenoidal synchondrosis, and multiple facial bones, with minimal fusion of other craniofacial sutures. This phenotype is similar to the classic and less severe form of Crouzon syndrome that involves significant midface hypoplasia with limited craniosynostosis. Linear and morphometric analyses demonstrate that FGFR2(C342Y/+) mice on the BALB/c genetic background differ significantly in form and shape from their wild-type littermates and that in this genetic background the FGFR2(C342Y) mutation preferentially affects some craniofacial bones and sutures over others. Analysis of cranial bone cells indicates that the FGFR2(C342Y) mutation promotes aberrant osteoblast differentiation and increased apoptosis that is more severe in frontal than parietal bone cells. Additionally, FGFR2(C342Y/+) frontal, but not parietal, bones exhibit significantly diminished bone volume and density compared to wild-type mice. These results confirm that FGFR2-associated craniosynostosis occurs in association with diminished cranial bone tissue and may provide a potential biologic explanation for the clinical finding of phenotype consistency that exists between many Crouzon syndrome patients.
Radiosensitivity of the granule cell line and other cell types of the immature rat cerebellar cortex.

Abstract The developing cerebellar cortex is an ideal system to evaluate the changes in radiosensitivity occurring in the course of differentiation in one of its neurons, the granule cell. The proliferating, migrating, and maturing granule cells occupy anatomically discrete layers which allow the extent of pyknosis to be histlogically quantified. Ten-day-old Wistar rats were exposed to a single whole head dose of 300 kV X ray ranging from 25 to 7000 R and were killed 6 h after irradiation. All cells were counted in samples of the external germinal layer (EGL), molecular layer (MOL), Purkinje cell layer (PCL), and internal granule cell layer (IGL) of the pyramis (lobule VIII of the vermis). The relative reduction of each cell type as a function of dose was then determined. Mitotic activity ceased above 250 R. The germinal cells of the upper EGL and the premigratory cells of the lower EGL were reduced by 80% at 300 R. The descending granule cells of the MOL and PCL were not significantly reduced until a dose of 1000 R was delivered. The basket cells of the MOL did not exhibit significant pyknosis until a dose of 7000 R. Purkinje and Golgi cells and Bergmann glial cells were not affected at the doses applied. With the exception of the small contribution of basket cells, the entire pyknotic population could be accounted for by the selective dose-dependent elimination of granule cells at different stages of differentiation.
1H NMR and electrospray mass spectrometry of the mono-ionized bis(2,2′-bis(4,5-dimethylimidazole)chloronitrosylruthenium(II) complex ([Ru(NO)Cl(LH2)2]+, LH2=2,2′-bis(4,5-dimethylimidazole)

The reaction of RuCl3(NO)(H2O)2 with 2 equiv. of LH2=2,2′-bis(4,5-dimethylimidazole) in refluxing ethanol generates cis-[Ru(NO)Cl(LH2)2]2+ (1), analogous in structure to cis-[Ru(NO)Cl(bpy)2]2+, as the chloride salt. In 1, the methyl groups are differentiated into eight different 1H NMR magnetic environments. Substitution of 4,5-dimethyl-2,2′-biimidazole (L′H2), an 11.1% impurity in commercial LH2, occurred randomly with the undecorated ring diminishing the intensity of all eight resonances equally. The methyl group of the “out-of-plane” ring that hangs over the π orbitals of the NO+ ligand (CH3(6)) is shifted most upfield from 2.19 ppm of free LH2 and is assigned to the 1.23 ppm resonance. With the aid of 2-D NMR methods, we assign the following shifts. The ring donor opposite the {Ru(NO)}3+, CH3(7), should experience the greatest withdrawing influence, and is assigned as the origin of the 2.50 ppm resonance. Its ring partner, CH3(5), placed below another ring current, is assigned to the resonance at 2.13 ppm. 2-D NMR methods support the assignments of 1.39 ppm to CH3(1) and 2.09 ppm to CH3(2), the “in-plane-near” CH3 groups; 2.36 and 2.34 ppm to “in-plane-remote” CH3(3) and CH3(4); a 2.47 ppm shift is assigned to the remaining CH3(8). Because of the presence of the impurity L′H2 which has a substitution rate advantage (ca. 2.14-fold) due to a lower steric barrier for the unmethylated ring, the isolated product contained 62.4% (1a) [Ru(NO)Cl(LH2)2]Cl2, 31.9% (1b) [Ru(NO)Cl(LH2)(L′H2)]Cl2, and 5.7% (1c) [Ru(NO)Cl(L′H2)2]Cl2. The ESI MS spectrum exhibits parent 1+ ions (2a–c) in which one of the imidazole rings has been deprotonated. Thus, eight-line patterns for RuCl-containing fragments appear for m/z with z=1+ centered about 546 (2a), 518 (2b) and 490 (2c) in the intensity ratios of 1.000:0.511:0.091, respectively. The atomic composition for 2a was shown to be RuC20H27N9OCl (m/z=540.109049) by checking the “540” line of the isotopic bundle around m/z=546. The atomic composition of 2b was established from the “512” mass as RuC18H23N9OCl (m/z=512.077748) from the isotopic bundle around m/z=518. 2a–c undergo the loss of LH2 or L′H2 with low efficiency, but few other fragmentations were observed. Notably, the loss of NO or HCl are absent. 2a–c have good π-donating imidazole and imidazolato functionalities which suppress NO loss. IR laser loss experiments on 2a in the mass spectral cavity were unable to identify a frequency value that selectively dissociates NO. Rather, complete fragmentation of the complexes 2a–c occurred at energies sufficient to induce any ligand dissociation; the parent ions being very robust. The 1H NMR data are supported by an MMFF94 energy-minimized structure for 1 and its theoretical trans isomer.
Effects of Orientation on Critical Heat Flux From Chip Arrays During Flow Boiling

Boiling experiments were performed with FC-72 on a series of nine in-line simulated microelectronic chips in a flow channel to ascertain the effects of channel orientation on critical heat flux (CHF). The simulated chips, measuring 10 mm x 10 mm, were flush-mounted to one wall of a 20 mm x 5 mm flow channel. The channel was rotated in increments of 45 degrees through 360 degrees such that the chips were subjected to coolant in upflow, downflow, or horizontal flow with the chips on the top or bottom walls of the channel with respect to gravity. Flow velocity was varied between 13 and 400 cm/sfor subcoolings of 3, 14, 25, and 36° C and an inlet pressure of 1.36 bar. While changes in angle of orientation produced insignificant variations in the single-phase heat transfer coefficient, these changes had considerable effects on the boiling pattern in the flow channel and on CHF for velocities below 200 cm/s,' with some chips reaching CHF at fluxes as low as 18 percent of those corresponding to vertical upflow. Increased subcooling was found to slightly dampen this adverse effect of orientation. The highest CHF values were measured with near vertical upflow and/or upward-facing chips, while the lowest values were measured with near vertical downflow and/or downward-facing chips. These variations in CHF were attributed to differences in flow boiling regime and vapor layer development on the surfaces of the chips between the different orientations. The results of the present study reveal that, while some flexibility is available in the packaging of multi-chip modules in a two-phase cooling system, some orientations should always be avoided.
The Spiritual Landscapes of Dominique de Menil

Dominique de Menil (1908–1998) with her husband, Jean, amassed one of the finest collections of ancient and modern art in the United States. Rivaling the Frick Collection in New York City, their acquisitions are housed in a museum in midtown Houston; through their largesse, the Rothko Chapel for interfaith dialogue and a Byzantine Chapel stand nearby. Philanthropists, they supported the civil rights movement at home and peace initiatives abroad. They were committed to enrich Catholicism through theological inquiry and the arts. After Jean died, Dominique's willingness to listen to her inner voice prompted many contributions. The spiritual biography of Mrs. de Menil requires a theoretical lens not provided by existing constructs of spiritual development over the life course. Here, I deploy the metaphor of “landscapes” to illuminate critical moments in her spiritual growth, especially during her later years.
Sexual selection within mating swarms of the lovebug, Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae)

Abstract Little is known about the structure of mating aggregations of insects or sexual selection within them. Male lovebugs ( Plecia nearctica ) hover in large swarms above emergence sites in the ground litter. Females emerge periodically and take flight through the hovering males. Females may be grasped by one or more males before or during flight. Male-male interactions and the structure of lovebug swarms are clearly related to competition for access to emerging females. Lovebug swarms are distinctly stratified vertically: large males at the bottom nearest the ground, medium-sized males in the middle, and small males at the top farthest from the ground. Large males closest to the ground have better access to females and experience greater copulatory success.
Numerical methods of band modeling and their application to atmospheric nitrous oxide.

Four numerical methods useful for determining the band parameters of infrared transmittance models are presented. A double exponential function described by three absorber parameters and one spectral parameter is adopted as the transmittance model. The methods are compared for accuracy and convenience through an application to line-by-line and measured data for nitrous oxide (N2O) of 20-cm−1 resolution over a wide range of atmospheric conditions. Sufficient mathematical details are provided so that the methods may be easily adapted to other transmittance functions. One of these—the weighted average method—is shown to be clearly superior to the others.
Crystal structure of unligated guanylate kinase from yeast reveals GMP-induced conformational changes.

Abstract The crystal structure of guanylate kinase (GK) from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with a non-acetylated N terminus has been determined in its unligated form (apo-GK) as well as in complex with GMP (GK·GMP). The structure of apo-GK was solved with multiwavelength anomalous diffraction data and refined to an R-factor of 0.164 (Rfree = 0.199) at 2.3 A resolution. The structure of GK·GMP was determined using the crystal structure of GK with an acetylated N terminus as the search model and refined to an R-factor of 0.156 (Rfree = 0.245) at 1.9 A. GK belongs to the family of nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinases and catalyzes the reversible phosphoryl transfer from ATP to GMP. Like other NMP kinases, GK consists of three dynamic domains: the CORE, LID, and NMP-binding domains. Dramatic movements of the GMP-binding domain and smaller but significant movements of the LID domain have been revealed by comparing the structures of apo-GK and GK·GMP. apo-GK has a much more open conformation than the GK·GMP complex. Systematic analysis of the domain movements using the program DynDom shows that the large movements of the GMP-binding domain involve a rotation around an effective hinge axis approximately parallel with helix 3, which connects the GMP-binding and CORE domains. The C-terminal portion of helix 3, which connects to the CORE domain, has strikingly higher temperature factors in GK·GMP than in apo-GK, indicating that these residues become more mobile upon GMP binding. The results suggest that helix 3 plays an important role in domain movement. Unlike the GMP-binding domain, which moves toward the active center of the enzyme upon GMP binding, the LID domain moves away from the active center and makes the presumed ATP-binding site more open. Therefore, the LID domain movement may facilitate the binding of MgATP. The structure of the recombinant GK·GMP complex superimposes very well with that of the native GK·GMP complex, indicating that N-terminal acetylation does not have significant impact on the three-dimensional structure of GK.
Fractional-order relaxation laws in non-linear viscoelasticity

Viscoelastic constitutive equations are constructed by assuming that the stress is a nonlinear function of the current strain and of a set of internal variables satisfying relaxation equations of fractional order. The dependence of the relaxation equations on the strain can also be nonlinear. The resulting constitutive equations are examined as mapping between appropriate Sobolev spaces. The proposed formulation is easier to implement numerically than history-based formulations.
Calculation of critical charge of bipolar memory circuits

Two types of responses to alpha-particle-induced disturbance in bipolar memory circuits are differentiated. One is charge sensitive, and the other one is current sensitive. A method of calculating the critical charge for the current-sensitive bipolar memory circuits is proposed in order to evaluate the soft-error sensitivity of various memory circuits. >
Circular dichroism studies of human serum transferrin and chicken ovotransferrin and their copper complexes

Abstract 1. 1. Circular dichroism (CD) measurement of human serum transferrin and chicken ovotransferrin and their copper complexes have been made over the wavelegth range 200–1000 nm. 2. 2. In the protein absorption region the CD spectra of the apoproteins were qualitatively very similar but showed small differences in the magnitudes of their dichroic effects. Copper binding did not cause any significant change in the intrinsic region CD spectra of either transferrin but did affect the aromatic region CD spectra of both transferrins. 3. 3. The absorption bands induced in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions by copper binding were found to be optically active. Differences observed between the CD spectra in this region of the two copper transferring suggest that some dissimilarities exist between the metal-binding sites of the two transferrings. 4. 4. Reults of copper titration studies by CD confirm the presence of two specific, or tight, metal-binding sites. When more than two equivalents of copper are added, evidence is obtained which suggests the presence of additional non-specific, or weaker, binding sites; copper bound to these sites may also induce optically active absorption bands.
Psychology and Philosophy Meet in the Classroom

A course devoted to radical behaviorism and cognitivism as competing viewpoints is outlined. The course was team taught by a psychologist and a philosopher. Benefits and potential problems are discussed.
Sequencing and annotation of the evergrowing locus in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) reveals a cluster of six MADS-box transcription factors as candidate genes for regulation of terminal bud formation

Buds are specialized structures that protect fragile meristematic regions during dormancy and are part of the mechanism that plants use to survive unfavorable environmental conditions such as low temperature or dessication stress. The evergrowing (evg) mutant of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] does not form terminal vegetative buds in response to dormancy-inducing conditions such as short days and low temperatures, and the terminal meristems maintain constant growth (leaf addition and internode elongation). We genetically mapped the evg trait and identified the corresponding genomic region in a wild-type genome. We sequenced and annotated the 132-kb region. Nineteen genes were predicted to be in the sequenced region. Ten of the predicted genes were demonstrated to be expressed in the wild-type germplasm but six of these were not expressed in mutant tissues. These six genes are a cluster of MIKC-type MADS-box transcription factors similar to genes from Ipomoea batatas and Solanum tuberosum MADS-box, which also regulate meristem growth in vegetative tissues. A 41,746-bp deletion is present in this region of the mutant genome which results in the loss of all or part of four of the six MADS-box genes. The six MADS-box genes that are not expressed in the mutant are candidates for the regulation of growth cessation and terminal bud formation in peach in response to dormancy-inducing conditions and have been named dormancy-associated MADS-box (DAM) genes.
Changes in Intracellular pH Are Not Correlated with the Circadian Rhythm of Neurospora

Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured during the circadian cycle of Neurospora. Internal pH of Neurospora cultures in liquid medium was assayed by the 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione method and gave values for pHi which were similar to those previously obtained by other workers using pH-microelectrodes with agar-grown cultures. Cytoplasmic pH changed in liquid medium cultures, but these changes were not related to the circadian clock. Furthermore, treatments which raise or lower pHi do not phase-shift the circadian rhythm. These results indicate that pHi plays no specific role in regulating the circadian clock of Neurospora.
Evaluation of Two Survey Methods for Detection of Helminth Infections in White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, from central Pennsylvania were examined for helminth parasites by regular autopsy procedures supplemented by a direct centrifugal flotation technique. The two methods were compared and evaluated for suitability in diagnosis and survey work. The reliability and repeatability of the flotation method were studied. Prevalence of most nematodes encountered was increased as a direct result of supplementing autopsy routines with microscopic examination of fecal pellets by the DCF technique. The DCF technique was especially advantageous when dealing with small cryptic forms such as Ostertagia sp. and Capillaria sp.
Urea-hydrolysis-dependent citrulline synthesis by Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Some of the ammonia produced by hydrolysis of urea by Ureaplasma urealyticum is channelled into an anabolic pathway with resultant ‘de novo’ synthesis of citrulline. The organism appears to possess ornithine carbamoyltransferase and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase or some modified form of these enzymes.
Privileged scaffolds for blocking protein-protein interactions: 1,4-disubstituted naphthalene antagonists of transcription factor complex HOX-PBX/DNA.

Structure-based-design studies, with the crystal structure of the HOXB1–PBX1/DNA transcription factor complex, were used to identify 1,4-disubstituted naphthalenes as potential antagonists. An initial library of 32 analogs was synthesized, two of which were found to be more potent than the reported activity for a 12 amino acid peptide antagonist. Antagonists were also identified of the related BRN1/DNA and BRN2/DNA transcription factor complexes indicating that a 1,4-disubsituted naphthalene may be a privileged scaffold for preparing screening libraries targeting this family of transcription factor complexes.
Ce3Bi4Pt3 and hybridization gap physics

Abstract Basic thermodynamic and transport properties of Ce 3 Bi 4 Pt 3 are reviewed. Although the susceptibility displays a canonical mixed valence temperature dependence, the electrical resistance, thermoelectric power and specific heat are those associated with a small gap semiconductor in which the gap is due to hybridization of the renormalized f and conduction electrons. In addition to this, a surprising correlation between the magnetic susceptibility and the thermal expansion as well as a simple theoretical framework within which hybridization-gapped systems can be viewed are presented.
Differences in quality of life between pediatric sickle cell patients who used hydroxyurea and those who did not.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences in quality of life (QoL) between two groups of pediatric sickle cell patients: those who used hydroxyurea and those who chose not to use the medication to treat sickle cell disease. Design/methodology/approach – The study was a quantitative, non-randomized, cross-sectional, comparative study. In total, 100 children ages seven to 17 participated in the study. Parents of the patients completed a demographic questionnaire while the participants completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (Peds QoL) and Sickle Cell Disease Quality of Life Inventory (SCD QoL). Findings – The Ped QoL regression analysis revealed that hydroxyurea use and parental marital status accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in Ped QoL. The SCD QoL regression analysis also revealed that hydroxyurea and age accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in SCD QoL. Finally, the regression analysis revealed that SCD, parental marital status, par...
EFFECTS OF TRAINING ON DIMENSIONAL CLASSIFICATION ABILITIES: ADULT AGE COMPARISONS

Ninety‐six men and women from three groups (college young adults, noncollege young adults, and elderly) were assigned to cells of a 2 (strategy training) by 2 (noncontingent social praise) design. Following training, elderly (mean age = 71.0) were compared with each of the two young adult groups on two multidimensional classification measures, Raven's and matrix production. Significant main effects of age favoring young adults were found on both matrix tasks. Relationships between training and performance differed for the “production” and solution tasks. Strategy training was effective in improving the elderly's scores on the production task but not on the Raven's. Noncontingent social praise had no effect on dimensional classification at either age level.