cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Luteal function in baboons with administration of the antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) throughout the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Administration of the antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) during late baboon gestation has been reported to result in a marked decline in progesterone (P) production rate. Since both the placenta and corpus luteum appear to secrete P during late baboon gestation, this decline in P may reflect a loss in luteal and/or placental function. Therefore, the present study determined the effect of administration of the antiestrogen MER-25 upon serum steroid concentrations during the luteal phase of the baboon menstrual cycle, a tijne when the source of P is almost exclusively the corpus luteum, Six baboons were bled throughout a control menstrual cycle and during daily administration (15 mg/kg BW, p.o.) of MER25 throughout the luteal phase of the following cycle. Mean (± SEM) length of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle was the same in baboons with no treatment (18 ± 0 days) and after MER-25 administration (18 ± 0 days). Mean (± SEM) serum concentrations of P were similar in the luteal phase with no treatment (5.2 ± 0.7 ng/ml) and during MER-25 administration (5.0 ± 0.6 ng/ml). Serum P attained similar peak values of concentration in the luteal phase before and after antiestrogen administration and was detectable in the serum for a similar duration of the lutes] phase of both cycles. Mean (± SEM) serum concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-01(P), which may also provide an index of lutes] function, were similar in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in baboons with no treatment (0.53 ± 0.20 nglml) and during administration of MER-25 (0.42 ± 0.15 ng/inl). Serum estradiol (E2) concentrations attained a peak at midcycle, then declined to low values, and MER-25 had no effect upon serum E2.
Extension to Modified Polar Coordinates and Applications with Passive Measurements

A practically successful method to achieve better estimation results for target tracking with passive measurements has been obtained through the use of a set of modified polar coordinates. This state space consists of the reciprocal of the range, the range rate over range, the range acceleration over range, the bearing angle, the bearing-angle rate, and the bearing acceleration, in two dimensions. The elevation angle, its rate, and its acceleration are added to the state space in three dimensions. The performance of this modified polar coordinate filter is superior to that of the widely used rectangular Cartesian coordinate-based extended Kalman filter. Numerical results are obtained by processing the observations made on a single reference trajectory in two dimensions and from a target-intercept problem in three dimensions. Error histories of the range under nominal and off-nominal conditions are presented. Also, the conditions for the observability using passive measurements have been extended to cases where target acceleration is an element of the state space.
Surrogate Dual Multiplier Search Procedures in Integer Programming

Search procedures for optimal Lagrange multipliers are highly developed and provide good bounds in branch and bound procedures that have led to the successful application of Lagrangean duality in integer programming. Although the surrogate dual generally provides a better objective bound, there has been little development of surrogate multiplier search procedures. This paper develops and empirically analyzes several surrogate multiplier search procedures. Results indicate that the procedures can produce possibly superior bounds in an amount of time comparable to other techniques. Our discussion also highlights the similarity of the procedures to some well known Lagrangean search techniques.
Applications of JAVA programming language to database management

The Java programming language [1,3] from its inception has been publicized as a web programming language. Many programmers have developed simple applications such as games, clocks, news tickers and stock tickers in order to create informative, innovative web sites. However, it is important to note that the Java programming language possesses much more capability. The language components and constructs originally designed to enhance the functionality of Java as a web-based programming language can be utilized in a broader extent. Java provides a developer with the tools allowing for the creation of innovative network, database, and Graphical User Interface (GUI) applications. In fact, Java and its associated technologies such as JDBC API [11,5], JDBC drivers [2,12], threading [10], and AWT provide the programmer with the much-needed assistance for the development of platform-independent database-independent interfaces. Thus, it is possible to build a graphical database interface capable of connecting and querying distributed databases [13,14]. Here are components that are important for building the database interface we have in mind.
Behavioural assessment for HIV prevention: A model programme design

This paper describes a model HIV prevention programme for relief agencies working in extremely impoverished or socially disrupted areas. A detailed behavioural inventory is proposed to assess: sexual behaviours, traditional cutting procedures, midwifery practices, the availability of injectables and injection equipment in local markets, the use of intoxicants, sex workers, prisons, military behaviours, community beliefs, and the performance of the community health infrastructure. The needs of AIDS orphans and the stigmatizations of person's with AIDS are also assessed. This assessment also examines who has authority to address these issues and what measures of programme assessment could be used for each programme area. The model is currently being tested in south Sudan.
DPP6A Confers Redox Sensitivity to Kv4 Channel Inactivation

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important modulators of excitability and may play a critical role in the etiology of many neurodegenerative disorders. Previous studies have shown that the fast N-type inactivation of Kv1.4 channels is suppressed by ROS-mediated cysteine oxidation whereas Kv4 channel N-type inactivation is not. However, in native neurons Kv4 channel subunits form large macromolecular complexes with KChIP and DPL proteins, and fast N-type inactivation is conferred to Kv4 channel complexes by a specific isoform of DPL proteins, either DPP10a or DPP6a. To investigate whether the DPP6a-mediated fast inactivation is regulated by ROS, tert- butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) was applied to oocytes expressing Kv4.2+KChIP3a+DPP6a channels. tBHP (1 mM) application dramatically increases the peak current amplitude by ∼ 44% and slowed inactivation kinetics. The effects of tBHP are reversed by the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT, 10 mM). In contrast, ternary complex channels containing another DPP6 isoform (DPP6K) are not affected by tBHP, indicating the importance of the DPP6a variable N-terminal domain for the tBHP effect. Alignment of N-terminal sequences from DPP6a and DPP10a with Kv1.4 reveals a common cysteine residue in position 13 (Cys-13), which in Kv1.4 is critical for the redox-regulation of N-type inactivation. Substituting Cys-13 of DPP6a with serine (DPP6a/C13S) results in a loss of regulation by tBHP, consistent with a similar critical role for DPP6a Cys-13. To test if other cysteines in the channel are also required for this regulation, we switched to mutant Kv4.1 (C11xA) and KChIP3a (KChIP3a/del2-59) constructs that remove most intracellular cysteine residues. Channels composed of C11xA, KChIP3a/del2-59, and normal DPP6a show disrupted regulation by tBHP, suggesting that ROS likely induces an intersubunit disulfide linkage to regulate DPP6a-mediated N-type inactivation. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Health (R01 GM090029).
Chemical characterization of acid precipitation in Albany, New York

Chemical composition of precipitation in Albany, NY from July 1986 to December 1988 has been studied. Mean volume-weighted concentrations (μeql−1) were: acidity, 104.0; alkalinity, −63.7; SO42−, 52.8; NO3−, 29.8; Cl−, 5.6; F−, 0.50; NH4+, 19.3; Ca2+, 6.5; Mg2+, 2.8; Na+, 3.5; and K+, 1.4. Mean pH was 4.2 . Seasonal patterns were pronounced for most species. Concentrations of H+, SO42−, NO3−, NH4+ and Ca2+ peaked in the summer and spring. Deposition was related to rainfall amount by a power law relationship in which the exponent of the equation was ∮.6. Wet SO42− deposition was 2.35 keq ha−1 over a 30-month period. The SO42− and NO3− deposition rates observed at Albany indicate that transport from midwestern sources have a major influence at this site. On the average, free H+ ion concentrations determined from pH measurements accounted for 51% of the measured total acidity. There were unknown species, most likely organic acids, that could contribute to the acidity. Correlation and regression analyses indicated that major anions, SO42− and NO3−, were closely associated with H+ and NH4+ ions. Factor analysis revealed four common factors which are related to fossil-fuel combustion, sea spray, cement factory and biomass burning.
Reduced placental perfusion causes an increase in maternal serum leptin.

Abstract Objective: We tested the hypothesis that the inadequately perfused placenta increases production of leptin, which can be detected in maternal serum. Study design: Sprague–Dawley rats (n=13), on day 14 of gestation, had placement of clips on the aorta and the ovarian arteries providing 35 per cent occlusion of the vessels. Eight rats had sham surgery and 14 rats served as non-surgical controls. All animals were sacrificed on day 19 of gestation. Maternal serum was obtained, and pups and placentae were weighed. Results: Both placental weights and pup weights were reduced due to reduced uterine perfusion and were negatively correlated with maternal serum leptin (P=0.018 and 0.028, respectively). Maternal serum leptin was increased in the treatment group (2.21 ng/ml±64 ng/ml) compared to controls (1.66 ng/ml±38 ng/ml) (P=0.031). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that reduced placental perfusion results in an increase in maternal serum leptin. Further investigation is needed to determine if maternal serum leptin may be useful in identifying pregnancies with uteroplacental insufficiency.
How Can I Choose a Sexual Partner who Doesn't Have HIV?

(1997). How Can I Choose a Sexual Partner who Doesn't Have HIV? Journal of Health Education: Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 311-313.
TRACE ELEMENTS IN RECENT MOLLUSK SHELLS

Analyses were performed for iron, magnesium, manganese, strontium, barium, and mineralogy in the shells of 7 species of marine mollusks collected over much of their presentday environmental range. Correlations between the shell composition and water temperature and salinity were determined. While a number of significant relationships were observed, these are generally too weak to be used for paleoecological determinations and are not consistent between species. Differences in salinity cause greater changes in shell composition than differences in temperature, but salinities above 25% do not greatly affect the shell composition.
“I am a Non-Denominational Christian and a Marxist Socialist:” A Gramscian Analysis of the Convention People's Party and Kwame Nkrumah's Use of Religion

Kwame Nkrumah, the father of modern Ghana, led his people to freedom from British domination between 1948, upon the completion of his studies and political activism in the U.S. and Britain, and 1957, when the European imperialists granted independence to their former colony. As president of the new nation, Nkrumah initiated a process of nation-building in which his use of Christianity was central. This study employs Granscian theory in examining the ideological aspects of this history, emphasizing the use of religion as both a hegemonic and counter-hegemonic political instrument. It argues that in some respects Nkrumah used Christianity in a way that confirms Gramsci; however, in others he employed the Judeo-Christian faith in a manner that informs the ideas of the Italian Marxist.
Accelerate your educational tutorials development with Technology Explorer for IBM DB2

This workshop demonstrated the use of Technology Explorer (TE) for IBM DB2. TE is an open source project developed using AJAX and PHP and is freely available. The TE was designed with two goals in mind. The first goal was to act as a teaching tool for people new to DB2 or existing users interested in learning about new DB2 features. Second, the goal was to have the Technology Explorer for IBM DB2 used by anyone who wanted to build their own custom database monitor.
Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis and Obstetric Infections: A Historical Perspective

The streptococcus, responsible for inestimable morbidity and mortality among parturient women since the 16th century, is no longer a significant cause of puerperal infection. Although the problem of the group A streptococcus in obstetrics has abated, the obstetrician is now confronted with the group B streptococcus, which is a major cause of fetal, neonatal, and maternal morbidity and mortality. Some historical insight into the infectious disease problems encountered by obstetric practitioners during the last four centuries allows comparison and contrast between the historic scourge of childbed fever and present day obstetric infections. This review will not delve into ancient history, but it should be noted that streptococcal infections probably afflicted mankind long before understandable accounts were recorded. Hippocrates in 500 B.C. undoubtedly included streptococcal puerperal fevers among the cases he systematically described, and one of these was an evident cellulitis with the pathognomonic sign of hemolytic streptococcal gangrene [1]. The purpose of this essay is to provide some historical insight into (not an exhaustive history of) the infectious disease problems encountered by obstetric practitioners during the last four centuries. Group A streptococcal infections are in eclipse and group B streptococcal infections are currently receiving attention; although the clinical illnesses they cause are similar, they should not be considered identical. Indeed, the changes wrought by history have influenced the shift from group A streptococcal disease to group B streptococcal disease, and the reader should not view this phenomenon as simply a shift in serogroup among organisms responsible for a particular disease entity. Nevertheless, clinical, biological, and historical similarities exist. In this review it should be seen that if history is repeating itself with a different streptococcus, it will be a radically modified imitation, occurring within the boundaries
Total factor productivity and the environmental Kuznets curve

Abstract Empirical studies support the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis (EKC) for some pollutants—as income increases pollution increases, reaches a peak and eventually decreases. While relying mostly on cross-sectional data, the interpretations assert that the EKC is a by-product of economic growth over time. In doing so, and in neglecting the role of important country-specific characteristics, these studies overlook potential econometric problems and introduce policy misconceptions. Differences in total factor productivity (TFPs) account for much of the variation in income across countries, with important implications for environmental quality. We develop a theoretical model where different TFPs produce a cross-sectional EKC, even if the dynamic path of environmental quality to its steady-state in individual countries suggest otherwise. The cross-sectional EKC depends on diminishing returns to scale in environmental protection, on the curvatures of the utility function with respect to consumption and of the environmental protection function, and the elasticities of steady-state consumption and environmental expenditures with respect to variation in TFPs.
Margin-based local regression for adaptive filtering

Adaptive information filtering is an open challenge in information retrieval. One of the tough issues is the optimization of decision thresholds over time, based on partial relevance feedback on the system-retrieved documents in chronological order. We developed a new approach, namely margin-based local regression, that automatically adjusts the thresholds based on a sliding window over the truly positive examples for which the system predicted "yes" with respect to a particular class, and a second sliding window over the other documents being processed by the system. Using the means of the scores of the documents in the two windows, we monitor the temporal drifting of the margin that is a function of both the current classification model and the threshold calibration strategy, and that suggests the bounds for the optimal threshold at a given time. Examining this approach together with a Rocchio-style classifier on the TREC 2001 and TREC 2002 benchmark data sets in adaptive filtering, we obtained significant improvements in performance (measured using Fβ=0.5) over the baseline system that did not adapt the threshold over time, and the best result ever reported on the TREC 2002 benchmark corpus for adaptive filtering evaluations. These empirical results suggest that it is important to use both system-accepted and system-rejected documents to optimize thresholds instead of just using system-accepted documents alone, as well as to make the thresholding function temporally sensitive to the shifting centroids of on-topic and off-topic documents.
On the Current Confusion of Group-related Behavior and Collective Behavior: A Reaction to Buys:

Buys (1978) published a literature review which led him to conclude that "humans would do better without mbst forms of groups." Buys' conclusion is rejected and his paper is re- viewed as symptomatic of the "crisis" in social psychology. It is argued that social psychologists, like Buys, have lost contact with sociological theory and have repeatedly confused collective behavior with group-related behavior. Buys' con- clusion is restated as a problem for social-psychological research.
Substrate for rapid feedforward inhibition of the auditory forebrain

A sizeable, feedforward, GABAergic projection exists from the inferior colliculus to the medial geniculate body in cats. We compared the dimensions of GABA-immunoreactive and non-immunoreactive axons in the brachium of the cat inferior colliculus, and demonstrate that GABA-immunoreactive axons are among the largest of brachial axons. We propose that, based on their large size, GABAergic tectothalamic axons provide a substrate for rapid feedforward inhibition of geniculate neurons.
Computer analysis of geometry and strain effects in silicon nano-crystal floating-gate flash memory devices

In this paper we use advanced device modeling based on self-consistent 3D Schrodinger and Poisson equations to investigate the detailed operation of nano-crystal floating-gate memory transistors, focusing on the following: (i) The quantization of the many-valley electronic structure and single-electron charging of nano-crystals; (ii) Effects of simple geometry changes on the nano-crystal electronic states, write voltage and retention time of the device; (iii) Influence of strain due to SiO/sub 2//Si lattice-mismatch on the nano-crystal electronic states.
Technical and Financial Feasibility of an Inferior Vena Cava Filter Retrieval Program at a Level One Trauma Center

Background Considering new guidelines for retrievable inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs), we examine our initial experience after establishing a comprehensive filter removal program in our level 1 trauma center. We evaluated the technical and financial feasibility of this program and barriers to IVCF retrieval, including insurance status and costs, in trauma patients. Methods Trauma patients receiving IVCFs from May 2011 to 2013 were consented and prospectively enrolled in the study program. Retrieval rates were assessed for the years before study initiation. Primary outcome was IVCF retrieval. Hospital financial data for retrieval were examined and univariate analysis performed. Hospital cost-to-charge and payment-to-charge ratios were assessed. Results Before study initiation from April 2009 to 2011, 66 IVCFs were placed in trauma patients with only 2 retrievals in 2 years. During the study period, 247 trauma patients had IVCF placement of which 111 (45%) were enrolled. The main reason for nonenrollment was lack of referral by the implanting team. Retrieval was attempted in 100 outpatients with success in 85 (85%). Patients enrolled in the program were more likely to have their filters removed (73% vs. 18%; odds ratio, 12.6; 95% confidence interval, 6.6–24.3; P P = 0.03). Successful retrieval was not related to insurance status ( P = not significant). The mean total hospital charges related to retrieval were $4,493 (range, $2,510–$9,106). Successful retrieval contributed to lower total charges ( P P = 0.01) and commercial insurance status ( P = 0.04). Conclusions The rate of IVCF placement in trauma patients increased 4-fold over 4 years. The rate of IVCF retrieval increased more than 14-fold during the same period after establishment of the retrieval program. Elective outpatient retrieval of IVCFs in all eligible trauma patients is financially feasible without loss to the health care system even in regions with high rates of uninsured. A major barrier to successful filter retrieval was lack of patient referral into the program by implanting physicians. Hospital administration and physician outreach are important determinants of successful IVCF retrieval in trauma patients.
The potential impact of imposing best management practices for nutrient management on the US broiler industry

The imposition of nutrient management plans for disposal of poultry litter will increase broiler production costs. This research examines the potential impacts of these cost increasing events on the US broiler industry. The results show that for 8, 40 and 80% increases in costs, wholesale prices eventually return to previous levels, and production levels stabilize at slightly lower levels.
Effect of bubble size in turbulent bubbly downflow in a vertical channel

Abstract The effect of bubble size on the properties of downward turbulent flows of bubbly liquids in a vertical channel is examined using direct numerical simulations, where the full Navier–Stokes equations are solved by a parallelized front-tracking/finite-volume method. The turbulent channel flow is driven downward by an imposed constant pressure gradient, and the friction Reynolds number, based on the friction velocity and half-width of the channel, is 127.3. Bubbles of two different sizes, with diameters of 31.8 and 38.2 wall units, are introduced into the turbulent flow with a monodisperse or bidisperse distribution. The results show that for the cases studied here the bubble size has little effect on the void fraction distribution and the mean vertical velocity profile. The average velocity fluctuations and the vorticity profiles across the channel do, however, change.
PS2-30: Implementing CHESS eHealth Breast Cancer Support in Population-Based Care

Background/Aims A woman who is newly diagnosed with breast cancer faces immediate informational and social support needs. She must learn about her disease and its treatment, cope with emotional distress, and make decisions about her treatment. To answer the need for information and support, an Interactive Cancer Communication System (“CHESS”) was developed, validated in several randomized trials, and is now being implemented to provide access to integrated information for decision-making, behavior change, and emotional support.
Electric field enhanced photoluminescence of CdTe quantum dots encapsulated in poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) nano-spheres

Photoluminescence from CdTe quantum dots encapsulated within hydrogel nanospheres can be controlled by the application an external dc electric field. Dynamic light scattering measurement of hydrogel placed under an electric field shows the collapse of the hydrogel sphere from 312 to 180nm due to volume phase transition. Distances between quantum dots placed within the hydrogel sphere can be controlled by the applied field. A 50% enhancement in the PL intensity is observed under the influence of a dc field less than 5 V/cm. A red-shift in the peak PL intensity and emission from larger sized dots indicate energy transfer between the quantum dots. The collapse of gels is reversible and therefore has potential application in non-volatile memory devices.
New Candidate Genes for Sex-Comb Divergence Between Drosophila mauritiana and Drosophila simulans

A large-effect QTL for divergence in sex-comb tooth number between Drosophila simulans and D. mauritiana was previously mapped to 73A–84AB. Here we identify genes that are likely contributors to this divergence. We first improved the mapping resolution in the 73A–84AB region using 12 introgression lines and 62 recombinant nearly isogenic lines. To further narrow the list of candidate genes, we assayed leg-specific expression and identified genes with transcript-level evolution consistent with a potential role in sex-comb divergence. Sex combs are formed on the prothoracic (front) legs, but not on the mesothoracic (middle) legs of Drosophila males. We extracted RNA from the prothoracic and mesothoracic pupal legs of two species to determine which of the genes expressed differently between leg types were also divergent for gene expression. Two good functional candidate genes, Scr and dsx, are located in one of our fine-scale QTL regions. In addition, three previously uncharacterized genes (CG15186, CG2016, and CG2791) emerged as new candidates. These genes are located in regions strongly associated with sex-comb tooth number differences and are expressed differently between leg tissues and between species. Further supporting the potential involvement of these genes in sex-comb divergence, we found a significant difference in sex-comb tooth number between co-isogenic D. melanogaster lines with and without P-element insertions at CG2791.
Does Industry-Specific Expertise Improve Board Functioning? Evidence from Forced Bank CEO Turnovers

This study investigates whether independent directors’ expertise in the industry in which the firm operates improves board advising through the lens of firm performance following a forced CEO turnover. Using a sample of 134 bank CEO turnovers from 1994 to 2008, I find that the market responds more positively to forced CEO turnover decisions made by a more independent board. In contrast with market reaction, I document that improvements in bank performance following a forced bank CEO turnover are significantly positively related to independent financial expertise on the board. Board independence does not have a similar impact on forced bank CEO turnovers. This is likely because that the advising duty of boards is particularly important when a forced CEO turnover becomes necessary and industry-specific expertise largely improves boards’ ability to advise management.
Conflict and risk in systems management as complex adaptive systems issues

Systems management deals with such issues as program and project management, technical direction of development, quality management, configuration management, and risk management. Risk and associated conflict issues abound in many contemporary systems management situations. Often, these situations emerge from behavior of many independent agents who attempt to achieve both individual objectives and objectives of a larger organizational unit. The resulting systems are "complex" in the sense that behavior patterns can be seen and understood, but interplay of individual elements cannot be reduced to the study of individual elements considered in isolation from one another. The term "complex adaptive system" is often used to describe phenomena that may be characterized by the interactions of numerous individual agents or elements, which self-organize at a higher systems level, and this organization results in evolutionary, emergent, and adaptive properties that are not exhibited by the individual agents themselves. Modeling and simulation are essential in the engineering of large systems of all types, especially those that are subject to evolutionary and path dependent results. Whether we are dealing with human-made systems, human systems, or organizational systems, there is a need to organize and manage for complexity, and associated knowledge and enterprise integration, ultimately for the benefit of all concerned.
Duplex criteria for native superior mesenteric artery stenosis overestimate stenosis in stented superior mesenteric arteries

Objectives Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) duplex scanning is utilized to screen for high-grade (≥70%) SMA stenosis (peak systolic velocity [PSV] ≥275 cm/second) and for follow-up of SMA bypass grafts and stents. Expected duplex scan findings in SMA bypass grafts have been recently reported. There is, however, little information correlating duplex scans from stented SMAs to procedural angiograms in patients treated for high-grade (≥70%) SMA stenosis. We report validation of duplex scan criteria for high-grade native artery SMA stenosis, and also duplex scan examined results after SMA stent placement correlated with angiograms and angiographic measured pressure gradients pre- and post-SMA stent placement. Methods and Results Thirty-five patients with symptoms consistent with mesenteric ischemia were treated with SMA stents. Pre-intervention angiography demonstrated >70% SMA stenosis or SMA occlusion in all but 3 patients. Pre-intervention pressure gradients were obtained in 20 stenotic but patent SMAs and averaged 57 ± 38 mm Hg; range, 15 to 187 mm Hg. Eighteen of the patients had SMA duplex scan prior to angiography, and 17 demonstrated an SMA PSV ≥275 cm/second or no flow, (mean 450 ± 152 cm/second in patent arteries; range, 256 to 770 cm/second). Post-stent placement angiography demonstrated P P P = .011 compared to pre-stent PSVs). Conclusion SMA stenting provides good anatomic results and significantly reduces measured pressure gradients. Duplex scans measured SMA PSVs are reduced post-stent placement but despite good angiographic results remain above criteria predicting high-grade native artery SMA stenosis. Duplex scan criteria developed to identify high-grade native artery SMA stenosis accurately predict high-grade native artery SMA stenosis but overestimate stenosis in stented SMAs. New duplex scan criteria are required to predict high-grade stenosis in stented SMAs.
Stimulant therapy in the management of ADHD: mixed amphetamine salts (extended release)

The efficacy of amphetamines in the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well established. However, their value in improving the symptoms of ADHD has been compromised by concerns about compliance, abuse potential and adverse events. An extended-release formulation of mixed amphetamine salts (MAS XR) provided the first long-acting amphetamine formulation, and thus, filled an important gap in available treatments for ADHD. MAS XR has been shown to improve ADHD symptoms in children, adolescents and adults in both short- and long-term studies. The drug is generally well tolerated in clinical trials. Although its safety profile in patients with concomitant cardiovascular conditions in a real-world setting has yet to be fully evaluated, a tolerability study of mixed amphetamine salts in adults with ADHD who were being treated for primary essential hypertension showed that these patients can be safely treated with MAS XR.
Real-time Face-based Auto-Focus for Digital Still and Cell-Phone Cameras

Auto-focus (AF) is a common feature in consumer level digital and cell-phone cameras. Face-based AF, or AF based on face detection, has become of interest due to the fact that the majority of pictures captured by consumers are of human faces. While many face detection algorithms exist in the literature, very few of them are actually suitable for real-time deployment on resource limited digital or cell-phone camera processors. In this paper, a face-detection algorithm combining a Gaussian skin color model with a computationally efficient sub-block postprocessing scheme is introduced to address the realtime constraints encountered in digital and cellphone cameras. This approach has been implemented in conjunction with our previously developed rule- based AF method in order to achieve real-time faced- based AF on the Texas Instruments programmable TMS320DM350 digital camera processor.
Lack of Correlation of Functional Scintigraphy with 99mTechnetium-Methoxyisobutylisonitrile with Histological Necrosis following Induction Chemotherapy or Measures of P-Glycoprotein Expression in High-Grade Osteosarcoma

In osteosarcoma, some studies have suggested P-glycoprotein expression is a prognostic factor. The clearance of 99mtechnetium hexakis-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) has been used in some tumor systems as an in vivo measure of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux. In this study we explored the correlation between 99mTc-MIBI clearance and histological necrosis following induction chemotherapy and P-glycoprotein expression in osteosarcoma. The primary tumors of 20 patients with high-grade osteosarcoma were imaged at diagnosis with 99mTc-MIBI, and the uptake ratios and biological half-lives were calculated. P-Glycoprotein expression in the tumor tissue was determined immunohistochemically and by measuring mRNA expression of the multidrug resistance-1 gene. The histological necrosis following induction chemotherapy was assessed by the Huvos grading system. The biological half-life of 99mTc-MIBI ranged from 1.4 to 52.5 h. Seven of the 20 tumor samples had a favorable extent of necrosis following induction chemotherapy. The 99mTc-MIBI half-life and uptake ratio showed no correlation with histological necrosis following induction chemotherapy. The 99mTc-MIBI half-life and uptake ratio did not correlate with either measure of P-glycoprotein expression. The results of this pilot study indicate that 99mTc-MIBI imaging is not an effective predictor of histological necrosis following induction chemotherapy in high-grade osteosarcoma. 99mTc-MIBI imaging did not correlate with measures of P-glycoprotein expression in the tumor tissue.
In vitro development of t6/t6 embryos.

Embryos from matings in which approximately a third of the zygotes were expected to be t6/t6, a condition known to be lethal at the egg cylinder stage in vivo, were compared to normal control embryos during post-implantation culture. The percentage success of trophoblast out growths was the same in both groups while the experimental group showed a 25% deficiency of embryos with inner cell masses. Those experimental embryos which did have inner cell masses developed comparably to the control group and both groups showed roughly similar numbers of morphologically abnormal egg cylinders. Autoradiography disclosed no deficiency in 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine labeling in disorganized egg cylinder embryos.
Predictors of upper extremity symptoms and functional impairment among workers employed for 6 months in a new job

Background We sought to identify personal and work-related predictors of upper extremity symptoms and related functional impairment among 1,108 workers employed for 6 months in a new job. Methods We collected data at baseline and 6-month follow-up using self-administered questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression models were created for each outcome variable. Predictors included personal risk factors, physical work exposures and psychosocial factors. Results Independent predictors for upper extremity symptoms at 6-month follow-up were age, Caucasian race, female gender, baseline history of UE symptoms, and job tasks involving wrist bending or forceful gripping. Independent predictors for functional impairment were baseline history and severity of UE symptoms, wrist bending, and social support. Conclusions Both personal and work-related factors were independent predictors of upper extremity symptoms and functional impairment in this working population. We found different risk factors for symptoms than for functional impairment related to symptoms. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:932–940, 2008. 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
It’s All about Control: Worker Control over Schedule and Hours in Cross-National Context

Workers’ ability to control their work schedules and hours varies significantly among industrialized countries. We integrate and extend prior research from a variety of literatures to examine antec...
Transmission in near-infrared optical windows for deep brain imaging.

Near-infrared (NIR) radiation has been employed using one- and two-photon excitation of fluorescence imaging at wavelengths 650-950 nm (optical window I) for deep brain imaging; however, longer wavelengths in NIR have been overlooked due to a lack of suitable NIR-low band gap semiconductor imaging detectors and/or femtosecond laser sources. This research introduces three new optical windows in NIR and demonstrates their potential for deep brain tissue imaging. The transmittances are measured in rat brain tissue in the second (II, 1,100-1,350 nm), third (III, 1,600-1,870 nm), and fourth (IV, centered at 2,200 nm) NIR optical tissue windows. The relationship between transmission and tissue thickness is measured and compared with the theory. Due to a reduction in scattering and minimal absorption, window III is shown to be the best for deep brain imaging, and windows II and IV show similar but better potential for deep imaging than window I.
The pleckstrin homology domain proteins Slm1 and Slm2 are required for actin cytoskeleton organization in yeast and bind phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate and TORC2.

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] is a key second messenger that regulates actin and membrane dynamics, as well as other cellular processes. Many of the effects of PtdIns(4,5)P2 are mediated by binding to effector proteins that contain a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. Here, we identify two novel effectors of PtdIns(4,5)P2 in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the PH domain containing protein Slm1 and its homolog Slm2. Slm1 and Slm2 serve redundant roles essential for cell growth and actin cytoskeleton polarization. Slm1 and Slm2 bind PtdIns(4,5)P2 through their PH domains. In addition, Slm1 and Slm2 physically interact with Avo2 and Bit61, two components of the TORC2 signaling complex, which mediates Tor2 signaling to the actin cytoskeleton. Together, these interactions coordinately regulate Slm1 targeting to the plasma membrane. Our results thus identify two novel effectors of PtdIns(4,5)P2 regulating cell growth and actin organization and suggest that Slm1 and Slm2 integrate inputs from the PtdIns(4,5)P2 and TORC2 to modulate polarized actin assembly and growth.
Electric dipole radiation through a finite conical plasma sheath

The ionized boundary layer that forms around a reentry vehicle is represented by a conical sheath having a surface impedance which is determined by the integrated electron density in the boundary layer. This cone can support surface currents that are induced in it by a Hertzian dipole antenna situated on its axis. The radiation pattern of such a structure at wavelengths short compared to the slant height is calculated by a perturbation technique. The calculation holds when the surface conductivity of the sheath varies linearly with distance from the apex of the cone. Plots are presented showing the effects of sheath strength, slant height, and antenna frequency on the patterns.
Change Detection in Image Time-Series Affected by Directional Reflectance and Phenological Variability: Application to Forest Disturbance Monitoring

Rapid identification of vegetation change over extensive areas requires the use of high temporal resolution data from wide-swath sensors, but analysis of such data is difficult due to the effects of vegetation directional reflectance and phenological variability. The magnitude of these effects can be large relative to the often subtle reflectance changes associated with natural forest disturbance, especially at coarse spatial resolutions. To address these challenges we propose a novel change detection methodology. We first apply a median-based compositing technique to a multi-year surface reflectance data record to create a reliable baseline phenological time-series. We then apply an algorithm - Dynamic Class Delta Resistant-Z Analysis - to reduce the magnitude of the change signal deriving from extraneous sources, allowing the use of composite images containing pixels collected under substantial variability in sensor and solar geometry. We apply these methods to generate an evolving disturbance product at an approximately weekly timestep and 250-meter spatial resolution for recent years in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Comparison of results with other methodologies indicate the technique provides advantages that should substantially enhance the ability to reliably and rapidly detect natural forest disturbance.
Intermediate Phenotypes Identify Divergent Pathways to Alzheimer's Disease

Background: Recent genetic studies have identified a growing number of loci with suggestive evidence of association with susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, little is known of the role of these candidate genes in influencing intermediate phenotypes associated with a diagnosis of AD, including cognitive decline or AD neuropathologic burden. Methods/Principal Findings: Thirty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously implicated in AD susceptibility were genotyped in 414 subjects with both annual clinical evaluation and completed brain autopsies from the Religious Orders Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Regression analyses evaluated the relation of SNP genotypes to continuous measures of AD neuropathology and cognitive function proximate to death. A SNP in the zinc finger protein 224 gene (ZNF224, rs3746319) was associated with both global AD neuropathology (p=0.009) and global cognition (p=0.002); whereas, a SNP at the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase locus (PCK1, rs8192708) was selectively associated with global cognition (p=3.57610 24 ). The association of ZNF224 with cognitive impairment was mediated by neurofibrillary tangles, whereas PCK1 largely influenced cognition independent of AD pathology, as well as Lewy bodies and infarcts. Conclusions/Significance: The findings support the association of several loci with AD, and suggest how intermediate phenotypes can enhance analysis of susceptibility loci in this complex genetic disorder.
Transcription systems for videotaped interactions: Some advantages and limitations of manual and computer rendering techniques

This paper examines various rendering techniques and emphasizes the unique contribution that computer technology offers to transcription. First, the basic manual transcription procedure and its grounds are discussed. Next, three methods of generating transcripts are considered separately: (a) completely manual preparation; (b) a combination of manual and computer procedures; and (c) the on-line processing/monitoring by computer. Finally, the relative advantages and limitations of these techniques are discussed in terms of a trade-off between several factors which include initial investment in equipment, person hours, cost of copying and modifying transcripts, and reduction of errors in transcribing data.
Pseudorandom generators and learning algorithms for AC

For anyAC0 functionf ofn bits, there is a polynomialp such that anyp(logn)-wise decomposable distribution “fools”f. In other words,f cannot distinguish between the pseudorandom strings in the distribution and truly random strings. The polynomialp depends only on the size and depth of the circuit computingf.
Discussion of ‘Parametric versus nonparametrics: two alternative methodologies’

It was my honour and pleasure to be asked to discuss Professor Lehmann's concise, well-written and illuminating paper, which I highly recommend to anyone who wishes to quickly obtain an understandi...
The laboratory evaluation of platelet dysfunction

An algorithm for platelet function testing is presented in Fig. 2. The proposed algorithm takes into account the importance of a thorough clinical bleeding history and provides an integration of screening tests with more specific diagnostic assays. As our understanding of the biochemical and molecular aspects of platelet function becomes increasingly refined, it is becoming clear that current clinical testing strategies may not be adequate to identify all significant platelet function defects. The repertoire of distinct platelet agonists is increasing to allow a more discrete look at the function of isolated platelet membrane agonist receptors, especially those involved in platelet activation by ADP, thrombin, and collagen. In addition, FACS analysis of platelets, with emphasis on surface membrane glycoprotein expression, may offer a more specific and quantitative view of platelet membrane constituents and their function. Furthermore, screening tests evaluating platelet function under physiologic and pathologic flow conditions are becoming important adjuncts to in vitro analyses, and may accentuate platelet function abnormalities, not easily discerned by platelet aggregation studies. It remains to be seen whether such screening tests will better predict clinical bleeding or thrombotic risk.
Model to Evaluate Feedlot Runoff Control Systems

A continuous simulation digital computer hydrologic model of feedlot runoff control and disposal has been developed at Kansas State University. The purpose of the model is to establish guidelines and design parameters for feedlot runoff control facilities which will meet the requirements of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. The model continuously monitors the water budget of a feedlot-storage pond-irrigation disposal area control system using historic rainfall and temperature data. It uses only readily available climate, soil, and crop data so that it can be applied to all major livestock producing areas of the U.S. The model is described in detail and some preliminary results are presented for Kansas conditions. The model is expected to be useful in evaluating applications for permits to discharge and for 208 planning agencies in determining Best Management Practices for feedlots.
Activators Regenerated by Electron Transfer Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion with 50 ppm of Copper Catalyst

The design and synthesis of a powerful ligand is reported for use in activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) in miniemulsion. The structure of N′,N″-dioctadecyl-N′,N″-bis[2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl)pyridylmethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine (DOD-BPED*) was formulated to produce a tetradentate ligand which was both hydrophobic and highly active. Studies in homogeneous ARGET ATRP with CuBr2/DOD-BPED* demonstrated a high degree of control, similar to those ligands traditionally used. CuBr2/DOD-BPED* also proved itself to be extremely useful in ARGET ATRP miniemulsion systems, at concentrations of catalyst as low as 50 ppm while maintaining control over the polymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA). Additionally, the catalyst was tested over a range of degrees of polymerization, DP = 2000–10 000, all of which resulted in successful polymerizations. Most notably, high molecular weight polymers with Mn,exp > 700 000 and Mw/Mn < 1.4 were prepared with only 50 ppm of Cu...
Expanded-volume phases of silicon: Zeolites without oxygen.

By reducing the (4;2)-connected regular three-dimensional nets of zeolites to 4-connected nets, we introduce a variety of new expanded structures of elemental Si. An ab initio molecular dynamics method is used to determine the optimized geometries, energetics, and electronic properties of the proposed structures. It is found that Si structures derived from those of group-6 (5-ring) zeolites are particularly low in energy (\ensuremath{\sim}0.1 eV/atom above the ground state) and semiconducting (with band gaps varying \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7 eV about the 1.17 eV gap of diamond Si). \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.