cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Planning Arteriography for Yttrium-90 Microsphere Radioembolization.

Yttrium-90 radioembolization (Y RE) is a contemporary transcatheter locoregional therapy for primary and secondary hepatic malignancies that is commonly utilized in modern Interventional Radiology (IR) practice.1 Unlike other targeted endovascular therapies, such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial embolization (TAE), the current standard of care protocol for Y RE treatment of liver tumors involves a two-stage treatment process consisting of a planning arteriography procedure followed by the therapeutic Y RE, typically performed 1 to 2weeks later. The diagnostic planning procedure has threefold intent: (1) to delineate hepatic and tumor vascular anatomy relevant to Y microsphere dosimetry and administration; (2) to identify and possibly embolize extrahepatic vessels at risk for nontarget microsphere deposition; and (3) to quantify the degree of hepatopulmonary shunting using technetium-99mmacroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) scanning.2 Given the multifactorial basis for performance of mapping arteriography, and despite some literature guidelines outlining procedure methodology,3,4 this procedure is often technically challenging, labor intensive, and time consuming. This article aims to present a simple overview of a single operator’s technical approach to planning arteriography performed prior to Y RE—including tips, tricks, and pitfalls—based on experience gained in having performed hundreds of hepatic arteriography procedures. Technical details of Y RE dosimetry and microsphere administration are beyond the scope of the current topic, and will not be discussed.
A Theory of Gray Security Policies

This paper generalizes traditional models of security policies, from specifications of whether programs are secure, to specifications of how secure programs are. This is a generalization from qualitative, black-and-white policies to quantitative, gray policies. Included are generalizations from traditional definitions of safety and liveness policies to definitions of gray-safety and gray-liveness policies. These generalizations preserve key properties of safety and liveness, including that the intersection of safety and liveness is a unique allow-all policy and that every policy can be written as the conjunction of a single safety and a single liveness policy. It is argued that the generalization provides several benefits, including that it serves as a unifying framework for disparate approaches to security metrics, and that it separates—in a practically useful way—specifications of how secure systems are from specifications of how secure users require their systems to be.
Distributed Scan SDOCT Improves Post Refractive Surgery Corneal Biometry

We report on a preliminary study comparing corneal refractive power acquired using distributed scanning OCT (DSOCT) to corneal topography and Scheimpflug photography in normal subjects both before and after refractive surgery.
Analysis of Resistance and Mobility in InGaAs Quantum-Well MOSFETs From Ballistic to Diffusive Regimes

Recent advances in the fabrication technology have yielded nanometer-scale InGaAs quantum-well (QW) MOSFETs with extremely low and reproducible external contact and access region resistances. This allows, for the first time, a detailed analysis of the role of ballistic transport in the operation of these devices. This paper presents a systematic analysis of external resistance, ballistic resistance, and channel mobility in InGaAs QW-MOSFETs under near-equilibrium conditions, i.e., under very low drain-source bias. This is an important regime for device characterization. Devices with a wide range of channel lengths, from 70 to 650 nm, are investigated. Our analysis includes the consideration of the impact of carrier degeneracy in the QW channel. We show that unless the ballistic behavior in the intrinsic channel is accounted for, the standard extraction technique for external resistance grossly exaggerates its value as it incorporates the so-called ballistic resistance. By separating out the ballistic resistance, the external resistance in our devices is shown to be extremely low, $74~\Omega $ - $\mu \text{m}$ , including both source and drain sides. This is thanks to our contact-first self-aligned Mo-contact technology. Furthermore, taking the advantage of the wide range of ballisticity of the devices studied in this paper, we demonstrate a methodology to self-consistently extract scattering-dependent effective mobility, mean-free-path length, and ballistic mobility.
Simulation of Induction Logging Tools in Anisotropic Media Using a 3D Finite Difference Method

Summary In this paper, we present a 3-D finite-difference (FD) method to simulate multicomponent induction log responses in arbitrarily anisotropic media. The finitedifference method uses a staggered grid to approximate the vector equation for the scattered electric field. The resulting linear sparse matrix is solved iteratively using a generalized minimal residual (GMRES) algorithm. An incomplete LU precondition is applied to improve the convergence behavior of the equation, thus accelerating the solution. Comparisons of the results with published data validate the algorithm.
Medieval State-Building and the Churches of the Celtic Fringe

Although cultural and institutional differences separated Nor man and Angevin England from medieval Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, these differences were diminished from the eleventh century forward by a modernizing process which drew much of Britain's Celtic fringe within the arena of Anglo-French civiliza tion.1 Especially on the higher social and political levels, Celtic society was transformed by the adoption of imported institutions like feudalism, manorialism, Anglo-Norman statecraft and law, and the organizational and liturgical practices of Continental Christianity. The traditional culture of the Celts was submerged beneath a veneer of Anglo-French culture, or else it was exiled to remote refuge areas in the northern and western highlands.2 In certain respects this modernizing process predated the Norman conquest of England in the eleventh century. The Scottish low lands had been thoroughly Anglicized by immigration and inter marriage during the late Saxon period; South Wales was showing signs of reacting to English influence in the ninth and tenth cen turies; and from the late tenth century forward native Irish clerical reformers and Scandinavian merchants were drawing Ireland within the orbit of Continental religion and commerce.3
Characterization of nGaAs-Au Schottky Diodes as Grating Coupled Photodetectors

Using holography and wet chemical etching, a grating of period 450nm and depth of 15nm was fabricated on a n-type GaAs substrate having a doping of 1016 cm-3. A 30 nm layer of Au was deposited on the substrate forming a Schottky contact. The ohmic back contact is an alloy of Ni, Au and Ge. These devices were optically and electrically characterized. Optical characterization was done using a polarized 632.8 nm HeNe laser. Reflectivity measurements for complete angular scans with output currents were determined. It was observed that as reflectivity dropped to a minimum, at a specific incident angle, the output current peaked. This was attributed to excitation of surface plasma oscillations in the grating, allowing greater photon absorption in the depletion region. This was observed only when the incident electric field was p-polarized and normal to the orientation of the grating, thus satisfying the surface plasma resonance conditions. Under the above conditions, it was observed that in a grating coupled photodetector a higher quantum efficiency can be achieved.
Research on Competitive Advantages of Tech-SMBs Based on Collaborative Innovation

The study discusses Tech-SMBs' lack of innovation.Based on the literature research and case study,a conceptual model was established of the influence of collaborative innovation on the competitive advantage of Tech-SMBs.By analyzing the operation mechanism and the effect of the model,the paper presents the path for Tech-SMBs to achieve competitive advantages and verifies the model with examples.
A Rock Unturned: Justice Scalia's (Unfinished) Crusade Against the Seminole Rock Deference Doctrine

After the untimely passing of Justice Antonin Scalia, many legal scholars wrote about the long-lasting impact that he will have on Article III standing, Second Amendment gun rights, and other important areas of federal law. But one important part of his legal legacy remained unfinished and unnoticed by the academic community. Starting in 2011, Justice Scalia began to express his frustration with a bedrock administrative law deference doctrine that he had “uncritically accepted” in the past. His words, which came in a short concurring opinion in Talk America, Inc. v. Michigan Bell Telephone Co., flagged his newfound skepticism over the validity of the Seminole Rock doctrine. This began an impassioned crusade that would last for the next five years until his death in February, 2016.Established in 1945, the Seminole Rock deference doctrine directs federal courts to defer to an administrative agency’s interpretation of its own regulation unless such interpretation “is plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation.” Despite the doctrinal and practical significance of the rule in our administrative state, the Seminole Rock doctrine had remained largely unexamined by the Court. But following Justice Scalia’s statements in Talk America, other justices began to recognize his concern.The justices’ growing unease about Seminole Rock emerged from the shadows in 2015 in Perez v. Mortgage Bankers Association. Although the case did not directly raise the doctrine, the majority opinion was written narrowly and was accompanied by three separate concurring opinions by Justices Alito, Scalia, and Thomas expressing their views that Seminole Rock should be overruled. Thus, the Court seemed poised to re-evaluate the doctrine. However, following Justice Scalia’s death, the Court’s denial of certiorari in United Student Aid Funds, Inc. v. Bible in 2016 signaled that Justice Scalia’s crusade might be at its end. This Article explores the evolution of Justice Scalia’s view on the Seminole Rock doctrine, which led to his unfinished campaign to have the Court re-evaluate the doctrine. The analysis highlights the compelling reasons why the Court should not allow his efforts to have been in vain. The Article concludes that the Court should re-examine the doctrine in order to reform Seminole Rock to address the persuasive practical and constitutional concerns expressed by Justice Scalia and other justices.
Shelling in Urban Area: When Does Imprecision Become Indiscriminate?

As the urbanization of global populations continues to increase, urban warfare has ever greater impacts on civilians. This reality of modern armed conflict has caused many, including the International Committee of the Red Cross, to question if international humanitarian law imposes, or should impose, a standard of precision such that certain weapons with wide area effects would be considered indiscriminate per se if used in urban areas. This article argues that, based on the provisions of Additional Protocol I and recent international tribunal decisions such as the Gotovina case before the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia, the law has not progressed to the point of making the use of weapons with wide area effects per se indiscriminate in urban areas. Rather, commanders much be increasingly sensitive to the principle of discrimination. Further, advancing technologies can provide significant assistance to both the attacker and defender in protecting civilians in urban areas.
Azacitidine Mitigates Graft-versus-Host Disease via Differential Effects on the Proliferation of T Effectors and Natural Regulatory T Cells In Vivo

Azacitidine (AzaC) mitigates graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in both murine preclinical transplant models and in human clinical trials while maintaining a robust graft-versus-leukemia effect. Previous studies have failed to investigate the role of natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) on the mitigation of GvHD by AzaC, instead focusing on the generation of suppressive Tregs (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+) through the in vivo conversion of alloreactive donor T effectors (Teffs; CD4+CD25-FOXP3-) and the direct antiproliferative effects of AzaC on allogeneic T cells. Using B6.Foxp3DTR/GFP mice in which Tregs can be specifically ablated through administration of diphtheria toxin, we demonstrate that natural Tregs are required in the donor graft for AzaC to optimally protect against GvHD and that nTregs, unlike Teffs (CD3+FOXP3-), are resistant to the antiproliferative effects of AzaC. Gene expression analysis identified the potent cell cycle inhibitor, p21, was significantly upregulated in Teffs but not nTregs after treatment with AzaC. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Teffs deficient in p21 are less sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of AzaC. These results demonstrate that nTregs are essential for AzaC to fully protect against GvHD and have important clinical implications for future clinical trials testing AzaC as a novel method of GvHD prophylaxis in man.
Acceptance-based interoceptive exposure for young children with functional abdominal pain.

Abstract Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is a common childhood somatic complaint that contributes to impairment in daily functioning (e.g., school absences) and increases risk for chronic pain and psychiatric illness. Cognitive behavioral treatments for FAP target primarily older children (9 + years) and employ strategies to reduce a focus on pain. The experience of pain may be an opportunity to teach viscerally hypersensitive children to interpret the function of a variety of bodily signals (including those of hunger, emotions) thereby reducing fear of bodily sensations and facilitating emotion awareness and self-regulation. We designed and tested an interoceptive exposure treatment for younger children (5–9 years) with FAP. Assessments included diagnostic interviews, 14 days of daily pain monitoring, and questionnaires. Treatment involved 10 weekly appointments. Using cartoon characters to represent bodily sensations (e.g., Gassy Gus), children were trained to be “FBI agents” – Feeling and Body Investigators - who investigated sensations through exercises that provoked somatic experience. 24 parent-child dyads are reported. Pain (experience, distress, and interference) and negative affect demonstrated clinically meaningful and statistically significant change with effect sizes ranging from 0.48 to 71 for pain and from 0.38 to 0.61 for pain distress, total pain: X 2 (1, n = 24) = 13.14, p Clinical trial registration NCT02075437.
Barriers to physical activity and healthy diet among breast cancer survivors: A multilevel perspective

Cancer survivors engage in suboptimal levels of health behaviours and report many barriers to health behaviours, but we lack a solid understanding of the different levels of barriers and how they relate to enacted health behaviours. To address these issues, we conducted mixed-method research in 97 breast cancer survivors. Participants' barriers to physical activity (PA) and healthy diet, asked as an open-ended question, were coded as individual-level, social-level, and organisational/environmental-level for each health behaviour. Moderate-to-vigorous PA and fruit and vegetable (FV only 15.2% (PA) and 15.6% (diet) reported at least one social-level barrier (e.g. family obligations). About 28.8% (PA) and 29.9% (diet) perceived at least one organisational/environmental-level barrier (e.g. job demand, cost of F&V). Survivors perceiving individual-level dietary barriers consumed less F&V (-.65 servings/day) than those not perceiving dietary barriers at this level. Survivors perceiving social-level dietary barriers reported marginally lower F&V intake (-.65 servings/day) than their counterparts. Those perceiving organisational/environmental-level PA barriers reported marginally fewer minutes (-44.30/week) of moderate-to-vigorous PA than their counterparts. Barriers at multiple levels should be addressed to improve health behaviours among breast cancer survivors.
Unclonable Optical Fiber Identification Based on Rayleigh Backscattering Signatures

We report a concept of using Rayleigh backscattering signature based unclonable optical fiber identification (OFID) for security-based applications. Due to the inherent manufacturing features of optical fibers, the random Rayleigh backscattering pattern within an optical fiber can be used for identification. We also experimentally demonstrated the OFID idea. Cross correlation in the spatial domain and encoding techniques are applied to verify the authenticity of OFID. Also, it has been demonstrated that the proposed OFID device can survive the high-temperature harsh environment. This robust, reliable, and flexible OFID method has great potential for a variety of applications, such as security, recognition, encryption, identification, and authentication.
Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Overview

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the major classes of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, the physical parameters that influence their efficacy, and their comparative advantages and disadvantages for in vivo imaging. There are three classes of contrast agents. The first class includes relaxation agents that work by influencing the relaxation times T1 and T2 and are the most widely used contrast agents. The second, relatively new, class of agents is based on an effect called chemical exchange-dependent saturation transfer (CEST). This effect involves a spin preparation technique that reduces the MRI signal detected in the presence of a CEST agent. The third class of contrast agents contains spin-1/2 nuclei other than protons and is designed to be directly imaged by the MRI hardware. Acceleration of relaxation rates by paramagnetic contrast agents is due to their interactions with spin-1/2 nuclei in solvent that contribute directly to the image. The majority of T1 agents in clinical or laboratory use today are small molecule complexes incorporating paramagnetic metals. Gd(III) is the most commonly used metal because of its long electronic relaxation time and seven unpaired electrons. Mn(II) and Fe(III) have a lower spin number but are also used in effective T1 agents. Polydentate chelators form tight, kinetically stable, and soluble complexes with the metals, rendering them tolerable for in vivo use. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) are the principal T2 agents used in MRI today. SPIO contrast agents are colloidal suspensions, sometimes called ferrofluids, in which each particle contains one or more nanometer-scale crystals of magnetite or its more stable oxidation product, maghemite.
The Multisite Family Study on Incarceration, Partnering, and Parenting: Design and sample

The Multisite Family Study on Incarceration, Partnering and Parenting documented the implementation and effectiveness of family-strengthening programming for incarcerated and reentering men and the...
Statistical modeling of tree failures during storms

Abstract The failure of trees during storms imposes strong economic and societal costs. Statistical modeling for predicting the probability of a tree failing during storms has the potential to help improve tree risk management. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential predictability of tree failure using advanced predictive modeling approach. These models also have broader applicability for modeling failures of technical systems during adverse weather events. To train and test models, we use a data set from a real case study in Massachusetts, USA. We compare the out-of-sample predictive accuracy of several machine learning models including logistic regression, classification and regression trees, multivariate adaptive regression splines, artificial neural network, naive-Bayes regression, random forest, boosting, and an ensemble model of boosting and random forest. Our results demonstrate that the ensemble model of boosting and random forest achieves the best prediction accuracy in predicting the failure probability of trees for the case study storm. Our results can help tree care professionals make better decisions to reduce the risk of tree failure prior to the storm.
Structure Inspires a New Method That Delivers the Synthesis of Natural Products and Analogs in the Pederin Family

Abstract This chapter details the symbiotic relationship between reaction development and natural product synthesis, and the impact that these endeavors have on developing structure–activity relationships. A method to generate stabilized carbocations through oxidative carbon–carbon bond cleavage provided amido trioxadecalin ring systems. This work provided the basis for the synthesis of theopederin D. The structural similarity between theopederin D and psymberin led us to pursue the synthesis of the latter compound. Our desire to develop a unique end game provided the impetus for devising a new multicomponent route to N -acylaminals. This reaction was shown to be applicable to natural product synthesis through its use at a late stage in the synthesis of pederin. The method was applied to the synthesis of psymberin, to the preparation of numerous analogs of pederin and psymberin that led to useful structure–activity relationship information, and to the identification of extremely potent hybrid structures.
The influence of pulp lipids on fruit preference by birds

Use patterns of lipid-rich, fleshy fruits were examined for frugivorous birds. Approximately 20% of fleshy-fruited species within plant communities bear fruit with > 10% dry weight lipids. These fruits are fed upon by the most heavily frugivorous bird species in those communities studied and are the focus of highly specialized relationships among birds and fruits. In aviary tests some temperate frugivores show preference for higher lipid native fruits and prefer higher-lipid artificial fruits with as little as 3 % wet weight difference in lipid content. The importance of lipids in fruit preference by birds, and the possible effects of differing digestive physiologies in birds are discussed.
Immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis by intravenous injection of uveitogenic peptides.

Intravenous (IV) injection of antigenic proteins induces specific unresponsiveness, as shown by the diminished response to a challenge with these proteins in complete Freund's adjuvant. This study examined the effect of IV treatment with uveitogenic peptides on the development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). The peptides used were derived from the sequence of bovine interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) and included R16 (sequence, 1177-1191), which is immunodominant and highly uveitogenic, and R4 (sequence, 1158-1180), which is nondominant and weakly uveitogenic. The efficacy of this treatment was found to depend on both the dose used for the IV injection and that used for the challenge. Thus, EAU induced by R16 at a dose of 0.2 nmol/rat was inhibited completely in all rats treated with the peptide at doses of 400 or 133 nmol and partially by the low dose of 5 nmol/rat. However, the EAU induced by a R16 challenge of 40 nmol/rat was inhibited only partially by the high treatment dose of 400 nmol/rat. The IV treatment was found to be effective in inhibiting the EAU induced by peptide R4. A large dose of R4 was needed to induce EAU (40 nmol/ rat), and the disease was inhibited completely in all rats treated IV with this peptide at doses of 800, 400, or 133 nmol. In most animals injected with the 44-nmol dose, also, inhibition was complete. These data show that there is a correlation between the doses needed for achieving inhibition and those used for the challenge. The ratios between these doses in all experiments were found within the range 1-20. The IV treatment of rats with the dominant peptide R16 effectively inhibited the development of EAU induced by whole IRBP. By contrast, treatment with peptide R4 had no effect on the disease induced by the native protein. These data therefore show the effectiveness of IV treatment with uveitogenic peptides as a procedure to inhibit EAU. This study also established a new relationship between the immunodominance of peptide determinants and their capacity to induce immune unresponsiveness. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33:2641-2649,1992
Overseas student teaching and national identity: Why go somewhere you feel completely comfortable?

This article presents the findings of a study of emerging perceptions of national identity held by preservice teachers who completed their student teaching overseas. To help them become better global citizens and teachers in this constantly changing and increasingly diverse world, each in a unique international setting, and based on Crevecoeur’s question, “What is an American?” reflected on what it means to be American in a foreign country and what it is that characterizes national identity in their host country. Several significant thematic findings related to the participants’ perception of national identity that emerged included observations about lifestyle, economic inequality, diversity, politics, religion, patriotism and perspectives on national identity. The most significant conclusion that can be drawn from the findings is that these student teachers were immersed in the experience to such an extent that they were unable to reflect back upon their American national identity. Clearly, the intensity of context in which they found themselves, did not allow them to identify the characteristics of American through their own eyes. When describing American identity, they did so largely from the generally negative perspective of the people they encountered in their host country.
Impacts of a School-Wide, Peer-Led Approach to Sexuality Education: A Matched Comparison Group Design

BACKGROUND Teen Prevention Education Program (PEP) is a school-wide, peer-led comprehensive sexuality education program currently implemented in more than 50 schools across 2 states. Many teen pregnancy prevention researchers and practitioners view peer-led programs as a promising approach for reducing teen pregnancy and associated sexual risk behaviors. However, prior research on the effectiveness of these programs indicates mixed results. METHODS We randomly assigned schools to implement Teen PEP immediately (intervention group) or on a delayed schedule (comparison group) and used propensity score matching to improve the comparability of the study groups. We surveyed students at baseline and about 6 months after the program ended. RESULTS Teen PEP did not significantly impact rates of sexual activity or unprotected sex; however, the program led to improvements in exposure to information about sexual health topics and knowledge of preventing pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted infections. CONCLUSIONS Teen PEP succeeded in accomplishing some of its most proximal goals, increasing students' access to information and knowledge. However, we found little evidence that the program affects sexual risk-taking within 6 months of its conclusion. Future research will examine the program's longer-term impacts on sexual risk behaviors.
Process for integrating porous silicon with other devices

Abstract Newly developed electrochemical etch procedures facilitate the integration of energetic porous silicon (PSi) with other devices. By confining the PSi etch process to one side of the wafer, devices on the other side of the wafer may be protected from the harsh etch conditions. This allows PSi integration with devices used for triggering or utilizing the energetic output of the PSi. The output from energetic PSi devices may be used for fusing, microthruster, MEMS actuation or other applications. Two different etch processes were developed: the sacrificial electrode process is the simplest, but it results in nonuniform PSi thickness and introduces surface topography. The anchored electrode method, which incorporates a dielectric layer, results in more controlled etch depths and allows the facile formation of patterned devices. However, in either process, a proximity effect is observed which results in deeper PSi etching closer to the electrode(s) driving the etching. A simple current divider model can be used to predict these relative etch depths. The resulting PSi burn properties have been characterized and are similar to those obtained with the previous process.
Hybrid Probabilistic-Geometric Shaping in Optical Communication Systems

We propose a universal distribution matcher applicable to any two-dimensional signal constellation. We experimentally demonstrate that the performance of the proposed 32-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), based on hybrid probabilistic-geometric shaping, is superior to probabilistically shaped (PS)-32QAM and regular 32QAM, and comparable to PS-64QAM.
Balloon expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement outcomes by procedure location: Catheterization laboratory versus operating room.

Abstract Background The impact of procedure location on clinical outcomes after TAVR remains unclear. We aimed to compare short-term outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in the catheterization laboratory (CATH) versus surgical operating room (OR). Methods A retrospective review of 63,581 trans-femoral TAVR patients using balloon-expandable valves from 2015 to 2018 were captured utilizing the TVT Registry. Propensity score matching was performed using 24 covariates resulting in 2 risk-adjusted groups. Patients were further stratified by STS Risk Score with outcomes compared. Results Propensity score matching resulted in 24,160 risk-matched CATH and OR patient pairs. Short-term clinical outcomes including all-cause mortality, stroke, major vascular complications, life-threatening bleeding, and new dialysis were similar between CATH and OR (p = all ns). There was no difference in conversion to open heart surgery between CATH and OR with both occurring at a very low rate (0.4% vs. 0.5%, p = 0.07). Moreover, the 30-day survival post-conversion was similar whether TAVR was performed in CATH versus OR (43.3% and 49.7%, p = 0.28). When stratified by STS Risk Score, there was no difference in conversion to surgery or 30-day mortality in low and intermediate risk patients between CATH and OR. For high risk patients, however, conversion to surgery was lower in CATH vs. OR (0.2% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.04) with no difference in 30-day survival (46% vs. 43%, p = 0.94). Conclusions Procedure location has minimal impact on TAVR procedural and 30-day outcomes with a very low conversion to open surgery rate between CATH versus OR for low, intermediate, and high-risk patients.
Outcomes Following ACL Reconstruction Using Patellar Tendon Versus Hamstring Tendon Autograft In Adolescent Athletes: An Age, Sex, And Bmi-matched Comparative Cohort Study:

Objectives:The purpose of this study is to compare the re-tear rates and medium-term functional outcomes in matched cohorts of adolescent athletes who underwent primary anterior cruciate ligament r...
Adverse childhood experiences and preschool suspension expulsion: a population study

Abstract Background Preschool suspension and expulsion rates are typically based on teacher reports, and don’t simultaneously account for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Objective To examine estimates in the United States of parent-reported preschool suspension and expulsion rates, in the context of ACEs. Participants and setting Parents of children aged 3–5 years old (N = 6,100) in the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health dataset. Method We reported the prevalence estimates of preschool suspension and expulsion, and estimated the unique variance of ACEs as risk factors using weighted sequential logistic regression. Results An estimated 174,309 preschoolers (2.0%) were suspended, and 17,248 (0.2%) children were expelled annually. If divided by 36 school weeks, the instances of weekly suspension and expulsion were at least 4,842 and 479 respectively. Controlling for previous risk factors (i.e., age, gender, race, ethnicity), the odds ratio increased by 80% for every unit of ACEs increment. Children were more likely to be suspended or expelled if they had domestic violence (OR = 10.6, p Conclusion The alarming suspension and expulsion rates call for more comprehensive outreach prevention and response efforts in preschool settings. Cross system collaboration and family support are essential to this work.
The Domestic Politics of Nuclear Choices—A Review Essay

When and how do domestic politics influence a state's nuclear choices? Recent scholarship on nuclear security develops many domestic-political explanations for different nuclear decisions. These ex...
DC Voltage Control for Power Sharing in MT-HVDC Connecting Offshore Wind Farm with Onshore Grid

The Voltage Source Converter (VSC)-based MultiTerminal High Voltage DC (MT-HVDC) system is now considered the most effective and reliable method for integrating Offshore Wind Farms (OWF) with onshore grids. This paper focuses on the methods by which wind-generated power can be shared among individual VSCs during contingencies without violating system-wide voltage constraints. A four terminal VSCHVDC system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC that connects OWFs with onshore grids via VSCs which share the available power based on the voltage droop. The power sharing and AC/DC voltage control responsibility is distributed among the converters. In case of a converter loss, sharing the desired power while maintaining AC/DC voltage stability is a challenge that this paper aims to address. A droop control strategy is presented to minimize voltage fluctuations in the absence of the converter station controlling the DC voltage. Simulation results are presented for various operating case scenarios.
Chapter 14 – Naps

This chapter describes the history, perception, and strategy for integrating naps into an FRMS system. Recent evidence has shown that increased workload disrupts sleep and that disrupted sleep reduces the productivity of employees. The negative effects of sleepiness can manifest through worker interactions, missed days at work, presenteeism, and a lack of creativity and organized thoughts. The best way to deal with sleepiness is to sleep, even in short stints such as a nap. Napping has already been shown to have cognitive and emotional benefits and can benefit productivity. In fact, increasing numbers of companies are welcoming the idea of napping and providing spaces in which employees can nap. Moreover, napping can help an employee prepare for a difficult overnight or rotating shift. Managing napping can lead to an increase in the well-being, productivity, and attitude of people. Drawbacks of napping can lead to a difficult falling asleep and sleep inertia, which can reduce the effectiveness of the napping. Therefore, an understanding of the constraints of napping will help the person devise a napping strategy that can refresh without disrupting the normal schedule of the person.
How Moral Motives Link Party Stereotypes

Citizens hold robust stereotypes about the parties and their leaders, including the issues they are most competent at handling and the character traits they exemplify. Yet, we know less about whether and how party stereotypes are linked in the minds of voters. I argue that there are strong links between issues and traits, and that these links are not merely the byproduct of elite ideology. Rather, issue ownership is structured, in part, by the moral problems those issues represent (e.g., suffering) and the character traits (e.g., compassion) that are relevant to solving those problems. As a result, there should be strong and widespread links between the issues and character traits that parties own. Alternatively, any issue-trait linkages might be wholly a product of elite behavior, in which case these links should be limited to the politically engaged. I find support for my hypotheses across three studies that include a national sample, within-subjects analyses, and open-ended responses. Issue-trait linkages are not reducible to ideology and persist even among the least politically informed. These findings help explain the structure of issue ownership, why issue ownership is so stable over time, and how politicians might successfully trespass on their opponent’s owned issues.
A BIM-Based Coordination Support System for Emergency Response

In fire emergencies, timely communication with on-site coordinators and accurate localization of first responders facilitates effective task assignment and resource allocation in harsh, low-visibility environments. Building information modeling (BIM) is widely accepted in the architecture, engineering, and construction industries as a central repository of building information. It could provide both the geometric building data and semantic information; however, the convenient linkage and integration with indoor location technologies for emergency purposes have not been addressed according to the authors’ knowledge. A stand-alone BIM-based indoor location (BIMIL) framework and portal were designed and tested to enable the automatic extraction, transformation, and visualization of BIM-related data for public safety purposes in this study. Based on current information technology, this research reduces the gap in cross-application by supporting indoor location to overcome the primary shortcoming of existing indoor building models. Eliminating the need for specific software and skill in data processing, this portal will support on-site coordinators’ importation of BIM files, allowing them to convert those files into processed and visualized indoor information containing key yet simplified geometric building data and essential emergency-related information such as fire rating hours, egresses, and hazardous materials. Additionally, the indoor location data can be integrated into a generalized 3D building model to support decision-making activities and management tasks in the field.
Synthetic Mesh Reconstruction of Chronic, Native Quadriceps Tendon Disruptions following Failed Primary Repair.

Case. Two patients presented with chronic knee extensor mechanism disruption after failed primary repairs. Both patients had minimal ambulatory knee function prior to surgical intervention and were treated with a synthetic mesh reconstruction of their extensor mechanism. Our technique has been modified from previously described techniques used in revision knee arthroplasty. At the one-year follow-up, both patients had improvement in their active range of motion and had returned to their previous activity. Conclusion. Synthetic mesh reconstruction of chronic extensor mechanism disruption is a viable technique that can be utilized as salvage for the persistently dysfunctional native knee.
Theory of Complete Lattices

A lattice is a partially ordered set in which any two elements have a greatest lower and least upper bound. A lattice is complete if and only if each set of lattice elements has a greatest lower and least upper bound. If is a C-closure space, then is a complete lattice in which ∩W is the greatest lower and Cl(UW) is the least upper bound of each subset W of C. It is convenient to let ‘∪ W’ and ‘(A∪B)’ designate Cl(∪ W) and Cl(A∪B), respectively. (∪ is the operation of closed union.) In this chapter, we use wellknown properties of lattices to derive some theorems about closure spaces.
Statistical Inference from Experimental Data

This chapter provides interpretation of the raw data, which is the harvest of the experimentation. Available statistical methods to take the guesswork out and, instead, assign a reasonable degree of confidence that is expressed in terms of probability, are described in the chapter. Some relations among variables, independent and dependent, may be expressed as algebraic equations. The procedures required to formulate the equations, referred to as “regression analysis,” are outlined in the chapter. During the life span of an experiment, following the stages of conducting the experiment and collecting data, there comes a time when the experimenter, with the logbooks loaded with measurements, meter readings, and various counts of other kinds, can have to sit and ponder how reliable each bunch of observations (measurements, readings, or counts) is for answering the questions, and how such answers fit together in the purpose for experiment. The main discussion in the chapter is restricted to statistical inference, which means the process of making generalizations about populations.
Implementing a medical screening and referral program for rural emergency departments.

Context Emergency Department (ED) overcrowding due to nonemergent use is an ongoing concern. In 2011, a regional health system that primarily serves rural communities in Texas instituted a new program to medically screen and refer nonemergent patients to nearby affiliated rural health clinics (RHCs). Purpose This formative evaluation describes the program goals, process, and early implementation experiences at 2 sites that adopted the program before wider implementation within the rural health system. Methods Primary data collection including document review, internal stakeholder interviews, and direct observation of program processes were used for this formative evaluation of program implementation in light of program goals and objectives. Fourteen key informants were asked questions related to the program concept, structure, and implementation. Results The program, as implemented, aligned with initial program goals, but it was dependent on ED screening staff and RHC availability. Some adjustments to the program were needed, including RHC hours, consistency among staff in making referrals, patient education, and improving patient uptake on the referral. Stakeholders reported lessons learned related to training, staff buy-in, Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA), and intraorganizational cooperation. Discussion The system was able to leverage excess capacity of affiliated RHCs to accommodate low-acuity patients referred from the ED and may lead to improvements in Triple Aim goals of increased patient satisfaction, better population health and outcomes, and lower per capita costs. Lessons learned from this program may inform similar processes aimed to reduce nonemergency ED utilization by other rural health systems.
A daylighting knowledge base for performance-driven facade design exploration

AbstractHeuristics and simple design guides are important tools for designers who wish to incorporate daylighting into the early design process. This paper describes a simulation-based method for generating simple rules for facade design based on specific climate data. This approach uses a design of experiments methodology to populate a detailed daylighting knowledge base. To enable consideration of both visual performance and visual comfort, the knowledge base contains information about whole-year, climate-based illuminance and glare metrics. The design parameters considered include window and shading device geometry and glazing materials. The approach illustrates how various design elements affect daylighting performance and provides a simple way to approach daylighting early in the design process. It can be employed for design and in educational settings.
Precedent and Constitutional Adjudication

This article examines and explains the common law system of precedent and the principle of stare decisis in the context of decisions of the House of Lords in the United Kingdom, and the Supreme Court of the United States. It focuses on recent decisions of the Supreme Court in which the Court has been asked to decide important social issues as a matter of constitutional law. In particular, it explores the workings of the the common law system by discussing the Court's treatment of its precedent in the case of Swain v. Alabama in the subsequent case of Batson v. Kentucky.
Social opinion dynamics is not chaotic

Motivated by the research on social opinion dynamics over large and dense networks, a general framework for verifying the monotonicity property of multi-agent dynamics is introduced. This allows a derivation of sociologically meaningful sufficient conditions for monotonicity that are tailor-made for social opinion dynamics, which typically have high nonlinearity. A direct consequence of monotonicity is that social opinion dynamics is nonchaotic. A key part of this framework is the definition of a partial order relation that is suitable for a large class of social opinion dynamics such as the generalized naming games. Comparisons are made to previous techniques to verify monotonicity. Using the results obtained, we extend many of the consequences of monotonicity to this class of social dynamics, including several corollaries on their asymptotic behavior, such as global convergence to consensus and tipping points of a minority fraction of zealots or leaders.
Improved quality factor for quartz oscillators

For the past 17 years, Hewlett-Packard's Santa Clara crystal facility has produced only SC-cut, 10 MHz, 3rd overtone quartz crystals for precision oven-controlled crystal oscillators. Test data on crystals and oscillators form a data base of almost 200,000 units. All of the units are essentially identical. The resonator design, holder design, and basic oscillator design have not changed during this period. This permits a direct comparison of many properties of a quartz resonator as a function of time, material, and the manufacturing processes used. We have found that the Allan Deviation at a tau of 2700 seconds is an excellent predictor of future oscillator performance and is useful as a new quality control parameter. This is especially important for oscillators required to have good time-domain stability for sampling times of 2,000 to 5,000 seconds. Of interest to crystal and oscillator manufacturers is that the new quality control parameter shows strong correlation with many factors important to oscillator users. In particular, we see a strong relationship between the Allan deviation with a tau of 45 minutes (2700 seconds) and frequency jumps, short-term time domain stability, and several mechanical processes in resonator fabrication (especially surface finish). The use of this single parameter is a more reliable indication of overall oscillator performance than the combination of factors previously used.
Motivations, concerns and preferences of personal genome sequencing research participants: Baseline findings from the HealthSeq project

Whole exome/genome sequencing (WES/WGS) is increasingly offered to ostensibly healthy individuals. Understanding the motivations and concerns of research participants seeking out personal WGS and their preferences regarding return-of-results and data sharing will help optimize protocols for WES/WGS. Baseline interviews including both qualitative and quantitative components were conducted with research participants (n=35) in the HealthSeq project, a longitudinal cohort study of individuals receiving personal WGS results. Data sharing preferences were recorded during informed consent. In the qualitative interview component, the dominant motivations that emerged were obtaining personal disease risk information, satisfying curiosity, contributing to research, self-exploration and interest in ancestry, and the dominant concern was the potential psychological impact of the results. In the quantitative component, 57% endorsed concerns about privacy. Most wanted to receive all personal WGS results (94%) and their raw data (89%); a third (37%) consented to having their data shared to the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP). Early adopters of personal WGS in the HealthSeq project express a variety of health- and non-health-related motivations. Almost all want all available findings, while also expressing concerns about the psychological impact and privacy of their results.