cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal migration of Bison antiquus from Rancho La Brea, California

Evidence for annual seasonal migration of extinct Bison antiquus in the late Pleistocene fossil assemblage from Rancho La Brea, California, is demonstrated for the first time. The maturation of individuals from the B. antiquus sample was analyzed using the cheek tooth eruption sequence and occlusal wear patterns in juvenile and young adult inferior dentitions. Individual age of the specimens was established by comparison with wear stages observed in modern B. bison dentitions of known age. Assuming that reproductive behavior was restricted to a specific annual cycle similar to modern B. bison, B. antiquus was seasonally present at Rancho La Brea during the late spring. An annual migratory pattern is indicated by the presence in the assemblage of yearly groups of young individuals of the same age.
A conceptual framework for tree improvement programs

Forest tree improvement programs have become quite complex and program strategies and intensities vary dramatically around the world. It is often necessary to examine the reasons for each activity separately in order to ascertain how all steps fit together in a strategy aimed at achieving genetic gain. This paper establishes a conceptual framework that explains the purposes of the various activities of tree improvement and allows complicated program strategies to be easily conveyed. This conceptual model, called the breeding cycle, stresses why, not how, each activity is conducted. The breeding cycle turns around one time for each generation of breeding and is composed of various types of plant populations. Each plant population serves a role in the tree improvement program and is created form a preceding population in the cycle by an activity of the breeder. Tree improvement concepts are explained and the roles of genetic test plantations are described in the context of the breeding cycle. This conceptual model is useful for foresters responsible for implementing tree improvement programs, for students and breeders trying to understand and compare divergent program strategies and for managers responsible for making investment decisions.
REMOVAL OF POLYMERIC PLUTONIUM FROM MICE BY COMBINED THERAPY WITH THE CALCIUM CHELATE AND PENTA-ETHYL ESTER OF DTPA.

(1963). Removal of Polymeric Plutonium from Mice by Combined Therapy with the Calcium Chelate and Penta-ethyl Ester of DTPA. International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 405-407.
Predictions of a particle model

Previous papers began the development of a finite model for particles. Here various predictions of the model are derived. It is shown that the the model predicts a finite number of leptons and basic hadron isospin multiplets (127 to be precise). It predicts a different generation behavior for leptons and quarks than the standard model. A mass formula considered previously is used to predict masses of leptons and mesons that have not yet been observed.
Control of Magnetophoretic Mobility by Susceptibility-Modified Solutions As Evaluated by Cell Tracking Velocimetry and Continuous Magnetic Sorting

With the analytical expression for the magnetophoretic mobility of an ideal, linearly polarizable sphere undergoing creeping motion in viscous medium, we have shown that both attractive and repulsive motions are possible in the magnetic field. We have validated theoretical predictions using magnetic monodisperse microspheres of 5.2-μm diameter and nonmagnetic polystyrene microspheres of 6.99-μm diameter suspended in solutions of paramagnetic ions. The microsphere magnetophoretic mobility was measured using a modified particle tracking velocimetry system, developed in-house and called a cell tracking velocimeter. The product of measured mobility and viscosity agrees well with the theoretical prediction, differing only by ∼11%. Further, a 26% increase in resolution between magnetic and nonmagnetic particle distributions was evaluated when paramagnetic ion carrier was used instead of water. Continuous particle sorting based on differences in magnetophoretic mobility was performed with another device develope...
Traveling in a- and b- time

Some say that presentism precludes time travel into the past since it implies that the past does not exist, but this is a bad argument. Presentism says that only currently existing entities exist, and that the only properties and relations those entities instantiate are those that they currently instantiate. This does in a sense imply that the past does not exist. But if that precluded time travel into the past, it would also preclude the one-second-per-second “time travel” into the future that is ordinary persistence, for presentism accords the future the same ontological status as the past. Instead of quantifying over past and future objects and events, presentists speak a tensed language, regimented with primitive sentential tense operators. For a presentist, a persisting person is one who did exist, and who will exist. Regimented, these claims become: it was the case that she exists, and it will be the case that she exists. The presentist may then apply the same strategy to time travel proper. Suppose Katy travels back to the time of the dinosaurs. The presentist can say that it was the case two hundred million years ago that Katy exists. This claim, which consists of a present-tense statement “Katy exists” embedded within the past tense operator it was the case two hundred million years ago that, is exactly the sort of statement about time that a presentist is free to accept. This has all been made clear by Simon Keller and Michael Nelson (2001). In addition to rebutting the bad argument against the consistency of presentism and time travel, Keller and Nelson argue positively in favor of consistency by showing how to translate David Lewis’s (1976) account of time travel into the presentist’s tensed language. The appearance of con ict between presentism and time travel, they argue, is due only to the fact that most defenders of time travel (for example Lewis) have tended to phrase their defenses in nonpresentist terms. As much as I applaud their rebuttal of the bad argument, I wish to sound a note of caution. There is one — important! — bit of Lewis’s defense that may not survive translation into presentist terms. In fact, other “A-theories” of time, and even some “B-theories”, produce the con ict as well. Let us set aside presentism for the moment, and examine Lewis’s nonpresentist account of time travel. As Lewis says, time travel involves a “discrep-
Separate and combined effects of ouabain and extracellular potassium on renin secretion from rat renal cortical slices.

1. Renin secretion of rat renal cortical slices was measured as a function of extracellular K and ouabain concentrations in the incubation medium. 2. A sigmoid relationship was found between renin secretion and log K concentration over the range 1·0-4·0 m M. Secretion was maximal at about 2·25 m M-K and half-maximal at about 1·43 m M-K. 3. In media containing 4·0 m M-K, ouabain at 10−8, 10−7, and 10−6 M did not affect renin secretion. Higher concentrations of ouabain inhibited secretion. A sigmoid relationship was found between% inhibition of secretion and log ouabain concentration (10−6-10−3 M). Inhibition was half-maximal at 2·3 × 10−5 M and complete at 10−3 M-ouabain. 4. Lowering extracellular K concentration from 4·0 to 2·25 m M shifted the dose-effect curve of ouabain to the left. At 2·25 m M-K, inhibition of renin secretion was half-maximal at 10−5 M-ouabain. 5. The inhibitory effect of 2 × 10−5 M-ouabain (twice the dose for 50% inhibition) in media containing 2·25 m M-K was nearly identical to the combined effect of lowering K to 1·43 m M (the concentration required for 50% inhibition) and adding 10−5 M-ouabain. This observation suggests that ouabain and low extracellular K act at a common site, presumably on Na, K-ATPase activity, to inhibit renin secretion. 6. Neither 10−3 M-ouabain nor K-free medium inhibited renin secretion when the concentration of free Ca in the medium was lowered to < 10−8 M. Therefore it is proposed that as a result of Na, K-ATPase inhibition, (a) intracellular Na increases, (b) intracellular Ca increases via Na-Ca exchange, provided that extracellular Ca exceeds 10−8 M, and that (c) Ca accumulation, in some unknown manner, inhibits renin secretion from rat renal cortical slices.
ROSA26 mice carry a modifier of Min-induced mammary and intestinal tumor development.

B6.129S7-Gtrosa26 (B6.R26) mice carry a LacZ-neoR insertion on Chromosome (Chr) 6, made by promoter trapping with 129 ES cells. Female C57BL/6J Apc Min /+ (B6Min/+) mice are highly susceptible to intestinal tumors and to the induction of mammary tumors after treatment with ethylnitrosourea (ENU). However, B6.R26/+Min/+ females develop fewer mammary and intestinal tumors after ENU treatment than do B6 Min/+ mice. B6.R26/+ mice from two independently derived congenic lines show this modifier effect. Each of these congenic lines carries approximately 20 cM of 129-derived DNA flanking the insertion, raising the possibility that the resistance is due to a linked modifier locus. To further map the modifier locus, we have generated several lines of mice carrying different regions of the congenic interval. We have found that resistance to mammary and intestinal tumors in ENU-treated Min/+ mice maps to a minimum 4-cM interval that includes the ROSA26 LacZ-neoR insertion. Therefore, the resistance to tumor development is due to either the ROSA26 insertion or a very tightly linked modifier locus.
The Role of Advocacy in Occasioning Community and Organizational Change in a Medical–Legal Partnership

Health disparities among low-income individuals remain a significant problem. A number of social determinants are associated with adverse health outcomes. Medical–legal partnerships address legal concerns of low-income individuals to improve health and wellness in adults and children. The Medical-Legal Partnership at Legal Aid of Western Missouri provides free direct legal services for patients with legal concerns affecting health. There is limited evidence regarding the association between advocacy-related efforts and changes within both the medical–legal partnership structure and in health-care facilities. Three health-care organizations in Kansas City, MO participated in implementing the medical–legal partnership model between 2007 and 2010. Advocacy efforts conducted by key medical–legal partnership personnel were strongly associated with changes in health-care organizations and within the medical–legal partnership structure. This study extends the current evidence base by examining the types of advoc...
Allele-specific inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are critical cell-signaling molecules. Inhibitors that are selective for individual PTPs would be valuable tools for dissecting complicated phosphorylation networks. However, the common architecture of PTP active sites impedes the discovery of such compounds. To achieve target selectivity, we have redesigned a PTP/inhibitor interface. Site-directed mutagenesis of a prototypical phosphatase, PTP1B, was used to generate “inhibitor-sensitized” PTPs. The PTP1B mutants were targeted by modifying a broad specificity PTP inhibitor with chemical groups that are sterically incompatible with wild-type PTP active sites. From a small panel of putative inhibitors, compounds that selectively inhibit Ile219Ala PTP1B over the wild-type enzyme were identified. Importantly, the corresponding mutation also conferred novel inhibitor sensitivity to T-cell PTP, suggesting that a readily identifiable point mutation can be used to generate a variety of inhibitor-sensitive PTPs.
Source number estimator using the peak-to-average power ratio modified by Gerschgorin radii

In this paper, a source number estimator using the peak-to-average power ratio modified by Gerschgorin radii is proposed. The eigenvectors of the sample covariance matrix are first employed to calculate the peak-to-average power ratio, and then a Gerschgorin transform is taken to the sample covariance matrix, next the new peak-to-average power ratio values modified by Gerschgorin radii are introduced to minimum description length criterion (PGMDL). Simulation results indicate that the proposed method shows better performance than conventional detection methods such as AIC and MDL especially at lower SNR, and has no affectedness by the intensity difference between the multiple sources.
Facteurs prédictifs du succès diagnostic de l’écho-doppler des artères rénales

Rationnelle L'echo-doppler des arteres renales (EDAR) est utilise generalement pour l'evaluation et le suivi de la maladie atherosmateuse des arteres renales. Dans un examen complet, le flux de l'artere renale est evalue depuis l'origine du vaisseau jusqu'aux branches intra-parenchymateuses. La qualite de l'EDAR est en partie operateur-dependant, mais beaucoup de facteurs peuvent affecter la capacite d'accomplir un examen diagnostic complet. Cette etude a evalue les facteurs cliniques et techniques qui prevoient la capacite d'obtenir un examen complet par EDAR. Methodes Une evaluation prospective de tous les patients ayant un EDAR entre juillet 2008 et fevrier 2009 a ete realisee. Des facteurs tels que l'âge du patient, son sexe, l'index de masse corporelle, les annees d'experience de l'operateur, les conditions du patient (hospitalise contre patient externe), l'examen au lit, le fait de fumer avant l'examen, le jeune, et la chirurgie abdominale recente ont tous ete enregistres. Une analyse de regression logistique multivariee a ete realisee. Une valeur de p de ≤0,05 a ete consideree significative. Resultats Au cours de la periode d'etude, 250 patients ont eu un EDAR (âge moyen : 59,9 ± 17,8 ans, femmes 57% [143]). Un total de 87 examens (35%) etait incomplet. Ceci a inclus les examens qui n'ont montre aucun segment de l'artere renale. Les facteurs qui ont ete associes a un examen incomplet ont inclus les annees d'experience de l'operateur (OR = 0,92, p = 0,042), l'examen au lit (OR = 4,17, p = 0,016), et la chirurgie abdominale recente (OR = 3,45, p = 0,047). L'index de masse corporelle, le jeune, et la consommation tabagique avant l'examen n'ont pas affecte la capacite d'obtenir un examen complet. Conclusions Un tiers des EDAR ont ete classifies comme incomplets par les criteres stricts utilises dans cette etude prospective. Un operateur experimente est plus a meme d'obtenir un examen complet par EDAR. Les antecedents de chirurgie abdominale recente et l'examen au lit etaient aussi predictifs d'un examen limite. Les laboratoires vasculaires devraient considerer ces facteurs lors de la programmation de ces examens afin d'obtenir des examens complets par EDAR, aussi bien que pour ameliorer la rentabilite de l'utilisation de ressources.
Continuous Delivery of Composite Solutions: A Case for Collaborative Software Defined PaaS Environments

To help drive top line growth of their businesses, the development and IT organizations are under increasing pressure to create and deliver applications at ever faster paces. The advent of Cloud Computing has not only lowered the cost of IT operations but also enabled the notion of continuous delivery, which promises to radically reduce frictions in DevOps processes and speed up the product delivery cycle. With increased demand on functionality and feature, we have also seen these applications becoming more sophisticated, often integrating multiple modern programming models and techniques with the traditional n-tier web application into a composite application. This paper proposes an architectural blueprint for improved continuous delivery of these complex composite applications. It treats a solution as a holistic entity comprised of application logic and software-defined environment that the logic relies on. It also proposes a collaborative approach to software-defined Platform-as-a-Service environment building. This being an ongoing research project, this paper also briefly describes prototype, work-in-progress and thoughts on future directions.
Clinically relevant interaction between warfarin and scuppernongs, a quercetin containing muscadine grape: continued questions surrounding flavonoid-induced warfarin interactions

We present a case of clinically relevant and probable interaction between warfarin and scuppernongs in a 73-year-old woman where ingestion of scuppernongs, a variety of quercetin-containing muscadine grapes, over a period of 2 months was associated with elevations in the International Normalised Ratio to supratherapeutic levels. While muscadine grapes and specifically scuppernongs are found primarily in Southeastern USA, the flavonoid in questionand quercetin is found worldwide as a dietary supplement.
Dynamic shifting in thalamocortical processing during different behavioural states

Recent experiments in our laboratory have indicated that as rats shift the behavioural strategy employed to explore their surrounding environment, there is a parallel change in the physiological properties of the neuronal ensembles that define the main thalamocortical loop of the trigeminal somatosensory system. Based on experimental evidence from several laboratories, we propose that this concurrent shift in behavioural strategy and thalamocortical physiological properties provides rats with an efficient way to optimize either the detection or analysis of complex tactile stimuli.
En-route flight deck-based merging and spacing impact on flight crew operations

In an effort to achieve consistent, low variance spacing between aircraft pairs during arrival operations and to reduce aircraft maneuvering, noise, fuel burn, and controller workload, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is developing, and UPS plans to implement, an Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) concept termed Merging and Spacing (MS workload and situation awareness; and procedures for non-normal situations. Ten airline-qualified pilots flew a series of scenarios while acting as the pilot flying. Results indicated general acceptability and improvements over current-day operations under normal and non-normal conditions. Pilots, on average, found the number of speed commands acceptable and their traffic awareness to be improved. They reported a small and acceptable increase in workload over current conditions. The majority of pilots reported concerns about the location of the CDTI, but all agreed that having the display in the experimental location was preferable to not having it and not being able to conduct FDMS. It was also found that pilots may have been driven to spend higher amounts of time viewing a display to detect situations that normally would be resolved by ATC. These results will be used to further refine FDMS and to focus future simulations as the application moves toward operational approval.
The lure of hypocrisy.

Why are we susceptible to hypocrisy? Four preconditions for falling prey to hypocrisy are delineated. The reasons for our complex attitude to hypocrisy, both condoning and condemning it, are also explored. Hypocrisy is the false claim to virtue. It always refers to consciously intended deception by a person in a position of trust. Making use of literary examples, the investigation starts with the delineation of three readily apparent preconditions for falling prey to hypocrisy. Idealization of the hypocrite is seen as a defense against a dread of uncertainty on the part of the person who succumbs to hypocrisy . The addition of a third precondition, the force of powerful desire, completes the introduction. A selective review of historical and philosophical studies of hypocrisy over the past twenty-five hundred years situates the problem of the susceptibility to hypocrisy. Application of psychoanalytic formulations and clinical data, principally from the study of patients whose psychoanalysts committed ethi...
Magnetization studies of Ho/Y superlattices: Role of magnetoelastic coupling effects

Ho films and Ho/Y superlattices were fabricated and characterized structurally and magnetically. Anomalies in the magnetization vs field applied along the easy axis identify magnetic phase transitions, as found in bulk Ho, but with enhanced critical fields. The critical fields required to magnetize the samples vary systematically with the total Ho fraction in a manner that is shown to be consistent with the assumption that the Ho and Y layers are magnetoelastically coupled. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The unexpected discovery of the Mg(HMDS)2/MgCl2 complex as a magnesium electrolyte for rechargeable magnesium batteries

We developed a unique class of non-Grignard, aluminum-free magnesium electrolytes based on a simple mixture of magnesium compounds: magnesium hexamethyldisilazide (Mg(HMDS)2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2). Through a reverse Schlenk equilibrium, a concentrated THF solution of Mg(HMDS)2–4MgCl2 was prepared to achieve reversible Mg deposition/dissolution, a wide electrochemical window, and a coulombic efficiency of 99%. High reversible capacities and good rate capabilities were obtained in Mg–Mo6S8 cells using these new electrolytes in tests with different rates. The unexpected high solubility of MgCl2 in the solvent of THF with the help from Mg(HMDS)2 provides a new way to develop magnesium electrolytes.
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase. Activation by palmitoyl-CoA and inactivation by malonyl-CoA

Abstract Extraction of rat liver mitochondria twice with 0.5% Triton X-100 in a salt-free medium leaves less than 10% of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase membrane bound. The remaining membrane-bound enzyme is inhibited virtually completely by 10 μM malonyl-CoA. Preincubation of the extracted membranes with palmitoyl-CoA and salts (KC1) for several minutes activates the enzyme and makes it increasingly insensitive to malonyl-CoA. Addition of malonyl-CoA to the preincubation reverses this desensitization. In albumin-containing media salts also decrease the binding of palmitoyl-CoA to albumin and stimulate carnitine palmitoyltransferase by increasing substrate availability in free solution. The reverse reaction shows accelerated desensitization by palmitoylcarnitine and resensitization by malonyl-CoA.
Mercury Stress on Juvenile Bay Scallops, Argopecten irradians, under Various Salinity-Temperature Regimes

Survival of juvenile bay scallops, Argopecten irradians, after 96 h of exposure to mercury at various salinity and temperature regimes was studied. Scallop survival was significantly affected by mercury concentration and by salinity, as well as by the interaction between temperature and concentration and between temperature and salinity. Toxicity of mercury at low concentrations was enhanced by high temperature and low salinity, whereas at high mercury concentrations this effect diminished.
Place of total thyroidectomy in rhinolaryngologists' surgical treatment of thyroid disease†

Total thyroidectomy is more frequently performed and is becoming more widely accepted as the treatment of choice for more surgical diseases of the thyroid gland. Improvement in anesthesia, presurgical and post-operative care, as well as more meticulous surgical technique, have decreased the complications associated with this operation. As is demonstrated, morbidity and complications of total thyroidectomy are no more frequent nor severe than when subtotal thyroidectomy is performed. This allows boadening of the indications for total thyroidectomy to include more cases which will be better controlled, but for which total thyroidectomy had been withheld because of the fear of increased morbidity.
Constructive description of monogenic functions in a harmonic algebra of the third rank

By using analytic functions of a complex variable, we give a constructive description of monogenic functions that take values in a commutative harmonic algebra of the third rank over the field of complex numbers. We establish an isomorphism between algebras of monogenic functions in the case of transition from one harmonic basis to another.
Use of cervical cancer screening among insured women: the extent of missed opportunities

The objective of the study is to identify opportunities to improve cervical cancer screening among privately insured women. From MedStat's Marketscan database, we identified 735,181 women aged 21-64 years who remained in the same insurance plan during the entire period of 2000-2002. We obtained the percentages of women who had a Papanicolaou (Pap)-test reimbursement claim and any health-related claim during the 3-year period. For women without a Pap-test claim, we obtained information about the frequency of insurance claims, type of health-care provider, and type of insurance plan in which the women were enrolled. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors independently associated with not having a Pap test. Of the total sample, in the 3-year period, 96% had at least one health insurance reimbursement claim and 69% had at least one claim for a Pap test. Approximately, 87% of the women who had no Pap-test claim had a health claim; 44% of such claims were from primary care providers. In the multiple logistic regression model, factors that were independently associated with having no Pap test were old age, being dependents of employees, and enrollment in comprehensive insurance plans. Efforts to increase the use of cervical cancer screening service should consider additional risk factors besides lack of insurance coverage. Concerted efforts by insurance and health-care providers are needed to improve adherence to the recommended cervical cancer screening guidelines, both by consumers and service providers.
ORIFICE-VIEW ROENTGENOGRAPHY FOR EVALUATION OF THE AORTIC VALVE

Plain orifice-view roentgenograms permit measurement of the area circumscribed by calcium in patients with heavily calcified aortic valves. The measurements relate well to the actual size of the orifice. Therefore, this roentgenographic technique serves in a practical fashion as a non-invasive method for the assessment of the severity of the aortic stenosis in such patients. During the injection of contrast material, orifice-view roentgenograms serve as a useful adjunct to standard aortography. Such views permit assessment of the valvular leaflets, size of the aortic ring, and the degree of stenosis.
Using Community Based Participatory Research to Create a Culturally Grounded Intervention for Parents and Youth to Prevent Risky Behaviors

The principal goal of this article is to contribute to the field of prevention science by providing a sequential description of how Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) was used to develop a parent education curriculum aimed at preventing and decreasing adolescent drug use and risky sexual behaviors. CBPR principles are outlined, and information is provided on the unique contributions of researchers and community members who came together to develop this parent education program. Focus group information is presented as an exemplar to illustrate how thematic content from focus groups was used to inform the development of this parent education curriculum. A step by step description is given to facilitate replication of this process by other prevention researchers who are interested in applying this CBPR approach to develop a culturally responsive parent education intervention.
Derivative superconvergent points in finite element solutions of harmonic functions: a theoretical justification

Finite element derivative superconvergent points for harmonic functions under local rectangular mesh are investigated. All superconvergent points for the finite element space of any order that is contained in the tensor-product space and contains the intermediate family can be predicted. In the case of the serendipity family, results are given for finite element spaces of order below 6. The results justify the computer findings of Babugka, et al.
Distribution of oxygen-15 in the dog at the steady-state

Abstract Severe limitations imposed by rapid decay have not permitted conventional imaging techniques to be applied using the radioactive isotopes of oxygen. This has been overcome by the application of a steady-state procedure in which the agent is delivered to and utilized by the subject at a constant rate. Air, containing 15O2, was administered continuously by inhalation to a normal dog. Levels of activity were monitored over several body regions using external probes. At the steady-state, either regional or whole body imaging was performed. High levels of activity permitted well defined images of the brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidney and testes.
Taking the devil into your mouth: ritualized American weight-loss narratives of morality, pain, and betrayal.

This article examines narratives of the U.S. Christian weight-loss movement alongside secular U.S. weight-loss narratives and explores how these two movements express similar themes. In particular, I investigate shared themes of sin, the impurity of the body, the body as a temple for the self (a temple that can be defiled), salvation, and the need to prove that one is saved or at least trying to be saved.Through examining stories from individuals who have lost weight and popular dieting advice, I explore how a "spiritual hunger" that is essentially unrelated to physiology but that sug- gests personal pathology and responsibility is central to mainstream stories of weight loss.
A discussion of stress rates in finite deformation problems

Abstract It has recently been shown that the finite elastic-plastic solution of the simple shear problem exhibits an oscillatory stress response when kinematic hardening is employed, while the solution for isotropic hardening gives a monotonically increasing stress. This paper analyzes this response on the basis of continuum mechanical descriptions of the problem. Three objective stress rates are recalled and spatial descriptions of plasticity at finite deformation are reviewed for the usual generalization of the infinitesimal theory as well as a theory based on an invariant measure of true stress. In light of the equations for the evolution of the yield surface, the hypoelastic solution to the simple shear problem for each of the three stress rates is presented. It is shown that the use of the Jaumann rate in the generalization of the infinitesimal theory leads to an oscillation in the evolution of the yield surface in simple shear which is explained on the basis of the hypoelastic solution. An alternative theory which makes use of the polar decomposition predicts a monotonically increasing shear stress.
Head lifting by female copperheads,Agkistrodon contortrix, during courtship: potential mate choice

Abstract Male copperheads fight for priority of access to females in the mating seasons. Fighting behaviour or combat is characterized by a prominent vertical posture (the challenge display) and a high degree of physical contact. During courtship, females frequently show a vertical posture similar to the initial stages of the challenge display of males (head lifting). To test whether head lifting influences the behaviour of courting males, three experiments were conducted. The first experiment recorded the frequency of head lifting in females during courtship and responses of males with no recent social experience to head lifting. Head lifting was frequently shown by females during courtship, and males typically responded to it by giving challenge displays. The second experiment tested responses of males that recently lost fights to head lifting. In trials where courtship occurred, head lifting repelled males in the same manner observed during subordination. The third experiment tested responses of males that recently won fights to head lifting. In these trials, males frequently challenged females that head-lifted. In all cases where males challenged females that head-lifted, fighting never occurred and all males resumed courtship. Previous work and results of this study show that head lifting is not a signal of non-receptivity, because females show receptivity (e.g. cloacal gaping) and will mate. The present results show that males of differing dominance status responded differently to head lifting. We suggest that head lifting is a mechanism of female choice involving intraspecific sexual mimicry.
Mechanical and electrical properties of polyacetylene films oriented by tensile drawing

Abstract An improved technique was developed for tensile drawing of polyacetylene films prepared by the non-solvent polymerization method of Akagi et al.; draw ratios as high as 15 were obtained. Tensile drawing and the associated orientation resulted in major improvement of both the mechanical properties and the electrical conductivity (after doping). Maximum values for the modulus and tensile strength were 50 GPa and 0.9 GPa, respectively. The electrical conductivities of highly drawn thin films, doped with iodine, along the orientation direction reached values at room temperature of up to 3 × 104 S cm−1, with an anisotropy, σ ∥ σ ⊥ > 250 . Both Young's modulus and the tenacity decreased upon doping, typically by a factor of about 4–5, which is indicative of reduced intersegmental interaction. The results demonstrate that the electrical conductivity increases linearly with the modulus and tensile strength, with polymer chain orientation as the implicit variable.
SU-GG-T-167: The Effect of Leaf Transmission On IMRT QA in a MiniMLC Linear Accelerator

Purpose: Commissioning treatment planning systems for IMRT require more tests and verification of the beam model than those required for 3D conformal techniques. This study presents the dependence of IMRT QA pass/fail rate on the modeling of MLC leaf transmission in a MiniMLC linear accelerator. This particular modeling parameter doesn't affect the tests for 3D conformal situations per commissioning guideline. The results of both film QA and Mapcheck analysis will be presented. Method and Materials: Elekta Synergy S linac equipped with Beam Modulator collimating head was used (4mm leaves, no movable backup diaphragms) Beams were modeled in CMS XIO following the guidelines of TG53. IMRT plans were calculated for a phantom target (mock prostate) and the accuracy of the dose delivery was measured using both film and Mapcheck Gamma analysis. Then, the beam model in XIO planning system was replaced by the model with substantially lower MLC transmission factors, the plans were re‐optimized, and re‐delivered. Results: Original beam fitting (following linac commissioning) was internally verified by at least two independent measurements and checked against standard datasets (average passing rate of 97.8%). However, in our test plans, these fits showed relatively poor agreement between planned and delivered treatment as verified by both film and Mapcheck‐based dosimetry. Average passing rate using film dosimetry was 88% and using Mapcheck it was 71%. After beam re‐fitting using the decreased MLC Transmission factor, the agreement between planned and delivered dose increased to 98% and 87%, respectively. Conclusion: Commissioning of treatment planning systems for IMRT should include measurement verifications for IMRT plans of relatively complex modulation, in addition to standard tests from guidelines for 3D conformal planning.
Techniques For Rapid Searches Of Photographic Plates

A set of schemes for locating objects of interest (color, variability, morphological form, etc.) by automated search of photographic plates is described. These techniques are designed to allow rapid and efficient processing of large areas of plate and to make minimal demands on the homogeneity and calibration of the plate material. They are based in part on the techniques of nonparametric statistics. Projects using these methods which are currently being carried out with the Princeton PDS microdensitometer and image processing system are also briefly described.
Justice for the poor in a land of plenty: A place at the table

Abstract This article examines the dramatic increase in poverty in the United States of America. An analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau for 2004 reveals the extent of poverty. The official poverty threshold is lower than what is needed for a person or family to provide for the necessities of life. The effects of poverty on women and children are presented. Respect for persons made in the image and likeness of God requires us to make a place at the table of social decision making for all persons. Educating for justice emerges from Christians' concern to make a better place at the table of life for the poor.
Production of Human α‐1‐Antitrypsin from Transgenic Rice Cell Culture in a Membrane Bioreactor

Transgenic plant cell cultures offer a number of advantages over alternative host expression systems, but so far relatively low product concentrations have been achieved. In this study, transgenic rice cells are used in a two-compartment membrane bioreactor (CELLine 350, Integra Biosciences) for the production of recombinant alpha-1-antitrypsin (rAAT). Expression of rAAT is controlled by the rice alpha-amylase (RAmy3D) promoter, which is induced in the absence of sugar. The extracellular product is retained in the bioreactor's relatively small cell compartment, thereby increasing product concentration. Due to the packed nature of the cell aggregates in the cell compartment, a clarified product solution can be withdrawn from the bioreactor. Active rAAT reached levels of 100-247 mg/L (4-10% of the total extracellular protein) in the cell compartment at 5-6 days postinduction, and multiple inductions of the RAmy3D promoter were demonstrated.
THE PIETY OF THOUGHT IN PLATO'S REPUBLIC, BOOK 1

In the opening sentence of the Republic, Socrates recounts his intention to combine the operations of piety and theoretical speculation. Nevertheless, many readers regard Cephalus' subsequent abandonment of rational inquiry to perform certain sacred rites as a definitive indication of Plato's opinion that piety and philosophy are fundamentally incompatible. I find this interpretation untenable inasmuch as it depends upon the misidentification of Cephalus as the dialogue's representative of piety. I suggest that the true nature and philosophical significance of piety are indicated instead in Socrates' conversation with Cephalus' son, Polemarchus. As this conversation unfolds, Polemarchus' pious inclinations culminate in a perception of the dearness of the unknown good. Inspired by this piety, Socrates and Polemarchus defend the conventional paragon Simonides and, at the same time, launch a truly philosophical inquiry into justice.
The fate of Pasteurella multocida after intratracheal inoculation into turkeys.

Abstract Young adult turkeys were intratracheally inoculated with the P-1059 strain of Pasteurella multocida, and the fate of the organism was studied by quantifying the organism in various respiratory and systemic tissues at various times after the inoculation. The results showed that, in the first 2 h, on the order of 108 to 109 organisms deposited at the upper trachea multiplied in situ to gradually spread downwards to the lower respiratory tract. In the majority of turkeys, by 6 h postinoculation the organism invaded the circulatory system and multiplied vigorously in the liver and spleen. In some birds, however, the organism appeared to have reached the liver from the trachea instantaneously by an unidentified mechanism. Vaccination with inactivated vaccines protected turkeys from intratracheal challenge exposure, as well as from intramuscular inoculation.
Constructing signals with prescribed properties

This paper introduces a general framework for constructing signals with prescribed properties that can be described as inner products of the signal with a set of vectors, with almost arbitrary construction and constraint spaces. We first derive a procedure for constructing a signal in a given construction space, with prescribed properties in a given constraint space. Building upon these results, we develop a procedure for constructing a signal with prescribed properties in two disjoint constraint spaces.
Attitudes toward Life and Death and Suicidality in Young Adults.

Abstract Attitudes toward life and death, alone or in combination with life events, may be important in discriminating between those at serious risk for suicide and those who are not. Of 140 young adults in a college setting, 139 completed the Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale for Adolescents (MAST-A), the Life and Death Attitudes Scale (Fairy Tales), the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire (SBQ), the Death Anxiety Scale, and the Life Experiences Survey The MAST-A and Fairy Tales attitudes toward life and death were significantly correlated, and several of the attitudes were significantly correlated with the SBQ. A stepwise multiple regression yielded repulsion by life as accounting for the most variance in the SBQ. Women endorsed higher levels of suicidality and attraction to death than men.
Toward Greater Understanding of the Psychological Effects of Infertility on Women

This study investigates the psychological effects of infertility on women with the purpose of aiding mental health professionals to more fully understand this phenomenon. It illustrates, both from the review of the literature and the interviews conducted, that these effects could be defined in reference to 11 themes which continually emerged. Five women were interviewed in the pilot study; ten in the research study. The design of the interviews was open-ended; the method was inductive. Results of the study illustrate the profound need felt by the subjects for deeper understanding and compassion. Recommendations for appropriate interventions are made.
Teacher Dispositions Affecting Self-Esteem and Student Performance

(2007). Teacher Dispositions Affecting Self-Esteem and Student Performance. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 109-110.
Cytoplasmic synthesis of RNA in the sea urchin embryo. II. Mitochondrial transcription.

Abstract Direct autoradiographic evidence shows that most of the RNA synthesized during very early development of the sea urchin arises in two places — the nucleus, and the mitochondria. Both compartments produce high molecular weight RNA, even during the first cell cycle of the zygote. Mitochondrial RNA of these embryos has physical and metabolic characteristics similar to those of RNA from mitochondria of other animal cells. It does not appear to serve as a source of messenger RNA for protein synthesis on polyribosomes.
Long‐term regulation of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels by gabapentin

Abstract Gabapentin (GBP) is a γ-aminobutyric acid analog effective in the treatment of seizures. A high-affinity interaction between GBP and the α 2 δ subunit of the voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels has been documented. In this report, we examined the effects of the chronic treatment with GBP on neuronal recombinant P/Q-type Ca 2+ channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. GBP did not affect significantly the amplitude or the voltage dependence of the currents. Exposure to the drug did, however, slow down the kinetics of inactivation in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, biochemical analysis showed that the integrity of Ca 2+ channel complex is not apparently affected by GBP binding, suggesting that chronic treatment with the drug might cause the channel kinetic modification through subtle conformational changes of the protein complex.
A Numerical Study of an Operator Splitting Method for Rotating Flows with Large Ageostrophic Initial Data

We propose an operator splitting method which is especially suitable for long-time integration of geophysical equations characterized by the presence of multiple-time scales and weak-operator splitting. The method is illustrated on the classical rotating shallow-water equations on a periodic domain with large ageostrophic (unprepared) initial data. The asymptotic splitting decomposes the solution into a first part which solves the quasigeostrophic equation; a second one which is the “slow” ageostrophic component of the flow; and a corrector. The particular decomposition we use ensures that the corrector is small for large rotation. By considering only the “slow” ageostrophic and quasigeostrophic components a numerical approximation to the shallow-water equations is derived that effectively removes the time-step restrictions caused by the presence of fast waves. The splitting is exact in the asymptotic limit of large rotation and includes the nonlinearity of the equations. Numerical examples are included. These examples demonstrate a significant reduction in the computational cost over direct numerical approximations of the shallow-water equations. We conclude with an outline of a general operator splitting method for more general primitive geophysical equations.
Design of Non-Distorting Power Amplifiers

The paper deals with the problem of obtaining the maximum output possible from a given amplifier tube, while keeping the distortion down to a negligible amount. A tube can be rated for this purpose in terms of the watts output obtainable, when a sine wave voltage of as great an amplitude as can be advantageously utilized, is applied to the grid. This maximum sine wave output is very much less than the rating of the same tube for oscillator purposes. Starting with a set of static characteristics for a given tube, the dynamic characteristic for any resistance load is readily plotted, and the power output and distortion can be read from the dynamic characteristic. A simple rule has been given by Mr. W. J. Brown for determining the best conditions of load resistance and grid bias for a given plate supply voltage. The best load resistance is shown to be twice the internal plate resistance of the tube. If the supply voltage exceeds a certain value, the application of the rules just mentioned would lead to excessive heating of the anode, and therefore a different procedure is followed, calling for greater grid bias and higher load resistance. There is an advantage in using low impedance tubes. The balanced or push-pull circuit, while reducing distortion, will not make up for. failure to operate the tubes under proper conditions, nor will it greatly increase the permissible output per tube.
Laboratory Studies Concerning the Enamel and Dentin Abrasion Properties of Common Dentifrice Polishing Agents

In view of the meager amount of information available concerning commercially available dentifrices, a study was conducted to evaluate 43 dentifrices with regard to abrasion to enamel and dentin and enamel polishing ability. The results indicated a wide range of abrasiveness and polishing ability.
Assessment of human obesity: The measurement of body composition

The most common methods of assessing degree of obesity in humans are reviewed. These include anthropometry, somatotyping, bodyweight, skinfold calipering, densitometry, and several nondensitometric procedures. The evidence suggests that bodyweight may often be an unreliable and invalid index of obesity. The parameters influencing its inaccuracy are discussed. These include age, height, sex, muscularity, and degree of obesity or amount of recent weight loss. The most reliable and valid measures of human bodyfat are generally the most complicated and impractical. Compromise assessment procedures involving nonintrusive measurement of subcutaneous fat and selected anthropometric dimensions may offer an incomplete but welcome improvement over sole reliance on bodyweight as an index of obesity.