cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonverbal Communication and the Study of Teaching.

(1985). Nonverbal communication and the study of teaching. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 24, Classroom Communication/Verbal and Nonverbal, pp. 77-84.
Histochemical observations on the ribonucleic acid and glycoprotein content of the osteoclasts of the normal and ia rat.

Abstract The histochemically demonstrable ribonucleic acid (RNA) and glycoprotein content of the osteoclast has been investigated in both normal and ia rats. The osteoclasts of the normal animal vary considerably in the amount of RNA present in their cytoplasm. Thus, the cells can be arranged in a series based on a progressive decrease or increase in RNA content. The majority of the osteoclasts contain an oxyphilic and pyroninophobic zone of variable width adjacent to the bone. It is suggested that the variation in RNA content might possibly be correlated with the functional state of the cell. The osteoclasts of the ia rat differ from those of the normal rat in the pattern of their RNA distribution. The predominating number of cells lack the oxyphilic, pyroninophobic zone adjacent to the bone. Since comparable results were obtained with methylene blue, pyronin and gallocyanin, it is felt that the overall decrease in thionin-positive material may be due to dye-protein interactions. The glycoprotein of the normal osteoclast is confined to sparsely scattered granules. A marked increase in the number of glycoprotein granules occurs in many of the ia osteoclasts. The significance of this increase is not apparent.
Inhibition of cellular STAT3 synergizes with the cytomegalovirus kinase inhibitor maribavir to disrupt infection

Therapeutic strategies controlling human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection are limited due to adverse side effects and emergence of antiviral resistance variants. A compound being evaluated for treating hCMV disease is maribavir (MBV) which disrupts replication by inhibiting the viral kinase pUL97. Previous studies have demonstrated that the antiviral activity of MBV is sensitive to the proliferation state of the infected cell. In these studies, we were interested in determining whether inhibition of the pro-proliferative transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), could influence the antiviral activity of MBV. The addition of the STAT3 inhibitor, S3i-201, during infection altered hCMV-mediated changes in cell cycle protein expression. Upon combining S3i-201 with MBV, our data suggest that STAT3 inhibition is acting synergistically with MBV to inhibit infection in vitro. Furthermore, specific concentrations of S3i-201 and MBV induced caspase-dependent death of infected but not uninfected cell. Our studies suggest that treating infection with both S3i-201 and MBV is a novel approach to inhibit hCMV replication.
Edge-emitting photonic crystal double-heterostructure nanocavity lasers with InAs quantum dot active material

We report what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of an edge-emitting photonic crystal nanocavity laser that is integrated with a photonic crystal waveguide. This demonstration is achieved with a double-heterostructure photonic crystal nanocavity incorporating an InAs quantum dot active region.
Hydrogen bonds and C-H...O interactions in 2-(2-methylbenzyl)malonic acid at 150 K

The title compound, C11H12O4, crystallized in the centrosymmetric space group Pbca with one mol­ecule as the asymmetric unit. The two hydrogen bonds have OD⋯OA distances of 2.667 (2) and 2.628 (2) A, and O—H⋯O angles of 179 (2) and 177 (2)°. Each hydrogen bond forms an R{_2^2}(8) cyclic dimer about a center of symmetry. The leading intermolecular C—­H⋯O interaction has an H⋯O distance of 2.66 A and a C—H⋯O angle of 160°. Taken together with the hydrogen bonds, it results in a three-dimensional network of inter­actions. The structure is compared with that of a close analog, benzyl­malonic acid.
The benzodiazepine partial inverse agonist Ro15-4513 alters anticonvulsant and lethal effects of carbamazepine in amygdala-kindled rats.

Ro15-4513 (ethyl-8-azido-5,6-dihydro-5methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo-[1,5-a]-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate), a benzodiazepine partial inverse agonist of the GABA(A) receptor, is known to protect against alcohol toxicities. The present study was designed to determine the role of Ro15-4513 in preventing anticonvulsant, toxic, and lethal effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) in amygdala-kindled rats. Acute treatment with CBZ (25 mg/kg, i.p.) produced anticonvulsant effects in fully kindled rats characterized by a significant decrease in afterdischarge and seizure duration and stage. Repeated administration of this high dose of CBZ induced sedation and high (56%) lethality. The anticonvulsant and sedative effects of CBZ were strikingly suppressed by pretreatment with Ro15-4513 (2.5 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.), and there was no mortality in animals co-administrated with Ro15-4513 during the entire experimental period. These results indicate that Ro15-4513 protects against CBZ-induced sedation and lethality, while suppressing the anticonvulsant effects of CBZ, suggesting a role for the GABA(A) receptor in CBZ efficacy and side effects. The potential clinical implications for CBZ-induced toxicity and overdose remain to be explored.
Opiate receptor in normal and drug altered brain function

Recent biochemical identification of the receptor site for pharmacological actions of opiates helps elucidate how these drugs relieve pain, elicit euphoria and ‘addiction’, and provides simple, direct approaches to developing potentially non-addicting analgesics. The isolation of a morphine-like peptide which may be a central nervous system neurotransmitter sheds light on normal brain mechanisms regulating pain and emotion.
In situ optical measurements of bacterial endospore breakdown in a shock tube

The interaction of endospore-laden bioaerosols and shock waves is monitored with a combination of laser absorption and scattering. Tests are performed in the Stanford aerosol shock tube for post-shock temperatures ranging from 400–1100 K. In situ laser measurements at 266 and 665 nm provide a real-time monitor of endospore morphology. Scatter of visible light measures the integrity of endospore structure, while absorption of UV light provides a monitor of biochemicals released by endospore rupture. For post-shock temperatures greater than 750 K endospore morphological breakdown is observed. A simple theoretical model is employed to quantify the optical measurements, and mechanisms leading to the observed data are discussed.
Low Temperature Air Oxidation of Caking Coals: Fourier Transform Infrared Studies

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to characterize the oxidation of a coking coal. The results demonstrate that the most important initial products of oxidation are carbonyl and carboxylic acid groups. Bands associated with carbon-oxygen single bonds, as in ethers or phenols, do not become prominent until the later stages of the oxidative process. Upon reaction with potassium in tetrahydrofuran a number of changes in the spectrum of both the oxidized and unoxidized coal become apparent. This reagent cannot be considered specific for cleavage of ether bonds, but can also lead to products usually associated with air oxidation.
Nutrient and sediment removal in forested wetlands receiving pumped agricultural drainage water

The effectiveness of two forested wetland buffer areas at removing sediment and nutrients from pumped agricultural drainage water was evaluated in a two-year field study. The movement of these potential pollutants during pumping events was determined by sampling water quality at 36 stations distributed over each wetland. Automatic water sampling continued after pumping events to determine the nutrient and sediment removal rates in the water left standing on the wetlands. The total volume of water pumped during small events was effectively stored on the wetland until displaced by subsequent pumping or removed by evapotranspiration. Nutrient and sediment concentrations of this stored water, which had several days of residence time on the wetland, were near background levels before leaving the wetlands. Nutrient concentrations leaving the wetlands during these small events ranged from 0.03 to 0.04 mg/L for total phosphorus (TP) and from 0.0 to 0.1 mg/L for nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N). Pumped water completely traversed the wetland during the less-frequent, larger pumping events. Nutrient and sediment concentrations at the wetland outlet were often higher than background concentrations, ranging from 0 to 70 percent of the inflow concentrations. Nutrient concentrations leaving the wetlands during these larger events ranged from 0.06 to 0.12 mg/L for TP and from 0.0 to 4.7 mg/L for NO3-N. Sediment, TP, and NO3-N were removed from drainage water standing on the wetland. This nutrient and sediment removal was described using a first order decay model. Deposition of sediment was observed only within 800 m of the pumps, and was not resuspended during subsequent large pumping events.
Distal prosody affects learning of novel words in an artificial language

The distal prosodic patterning established at the beginning of an utterance has been shown to influence downstream word segmentation and lexical access. In this study, we investigated whether distal prosody also affects word learning in a novel (artificial) language. Listeners were exposed to syllable sequences in which the embedded words were either congruent or incongruent with the distal prosody of a carrier phrase. Local segmentation cues, including the transitional probabilities between syllables, were held constant. During a test phase, listeners rated the items as either words or nonwords. Consistent with the perceptual grouping of syllables being predicted by distal prosody, congruent items were more likely to be judged as words than were incongruent items. The results provide the first evidence that perceptual grouping affects word learning in an unknown language, demonstrating that distal prosodic effects may be independent of lexical or other language-specific knowledge.
VisibleWind: a rapid-response system for high-resolution wind profiling

The VisibleWindTM initiative has sponsored the development and demonstration of a simple balloon tracking system for low altitude wind profile measurements using laser rangefinders, a surveying station, and small (0.25 m diameter) lightweight balloons. Experiments on balloon trajectories demonstrate that laser range detection (± 0.5 m) combined with azimuth and elevation measurements is a simple, accurate, and inexpensive alternative to other wind profiling methods. The maximum detection range has been increased to 2200 m using retroreflector tape on the balloons. Nighttime tracking is facilitated by low power LEDs. Small balloons with low ascent rates and Reynolds numbers are preferred to avoid the large trajectory fluctuations previously observed with large balloons. Under conditions of "light and variable winds", the wind profile features observed by VisibleWindTM include the frequent onset of shear at altitudes 100 -200 m, 1-3 m/s velocity transitions across atmospheric layers only 10 -20 m thick, and rotation of wind direction exceeding 180 degrees in the altitude range 300 - 500 m. Wind speed and direction results are compared with simultaneous sodar measurements. The profiling resolution is greatly improved using a laser rangefinder, Impulse XL-200, with automatic coordinate and time recording; however, balloon tracking is still man-in-the-loop. Planned improvements include automation of the tracking system itself, so trajectory points are collected automatically at 1 Hz or faster. This ValidWindTM system is a precise and adaptable means for characterizing highly variable wind fields for wind energy, micrometeorology, and air quality studies.
A novel method of peritoneal resuscitation improves organ perfusion after hemorrhagic shock

Background: After resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock, intestinal microvessels constrict leading to impairment of blood flow. This occurs despite restoration and maintenance of central hemodynamics. Our recent studies have demonstrated that topical and continuous exposure of the gut microvasculature to a clinical solution (Delflex; Fresenius Medical Care), as a technique of direct peritoneal resuscitation (DPR), reverses the postresuscitation vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion to a sustained dilation and hyperperfusion. We hypothesize that initiation of DPR simultaneously with resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock enhance organ blood flow to all tissues surrounding the peritoneal cavity as well as distant organs. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, intubated and cannulated for monitoring of hemodynamics and for withdrawal of blood. Rats were hemorrhaged to 50% of mean blood pressure for 60 minutes prior to resuscitation with shed blood plus 2 volumes of saline. Animals were randomized for intraperitoneal therapy with 30 mL saline (group 1, n 9), or Delflex (group 2, n 9). Whole organ blood flow was measured by colorimetric microsphere technique with phantom organ at baseline, after completion of resuscitation, and at 120 minutes postresuscitation. Replenishment of the dwelling intraperitoneal saline or Delflex was performed in (group 3, n 8), and (group 4, n 8), respectively at 90 minutes postresuscitation, and a single whole organ blood flow was performed at 120 minutes postresuscitation. Results: Direct peritoneal resuscitation caused a significant increase in blood flow to the jejunum (35%), ileum (33%), spleen (48%), and pancreas (57%), whereas a marked increase in blood flow was detected in the lung (111%), psoas major muscle (115%), and diaphragm (132%), as compared with the saline treated animals in group 1. At 120 minutes postresuscitation, organ blood flow returned to the prehemorrhagic shock baseline level in all organs irrespective of peritoneal therapy. Replenishment of the intraperitoneal solution in group 3 and 4, enhanced blood flow to the liver, kidneys, and diaphragm. Conclusions: Direct peritoneal resuscitation enhanced blood flow to organs incited in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure that follows hemorrhagic shock. © 2003 Excerpta Medica, Inc. All rights reserved.
Provenance of the Hillsboro Formation: Implications for the Structural Evolution and Fluvial Events in the Tualatin Basin, Northwest Oregon

Quantitative heavy mineral and geochemical analyses of Neogene nonmarine clastic deposits are used to compare provenances of two sedimentary sequences lying in adjacent forearc basins in northwestern Oregon and to interpret structural and depositional events affecting both basins. The northwest-trending Tualatin Mountains-Portland Hills (TMPH) faulted anticline presently separates fine-grained sediments of the Hillsboro Formation in the Tualatin Basin from coarse-grained sediments of the Troutdale Formation in the Portland Basin. Augite-hornblende-hypersthene relative percentages of sands and instrumental neutron activation analysis of silts and clays from the Hillsboro and Troutdale formations indicate a difference in provenance between the two formations. Hillsboro Formation sands are low in hypersthene (< 7%) and are derived from Paleogene basalts and sedimentary rocks of the northern Oregon Coast Range and surrounding highlands. Troutdale Formation sands may contain either relatively high amounts of hypersthene (up to 85%) or little hypersthene, reflecting mixed provenances from the Cascades volcanic (hypersthene source) arc, the Rocky Mountains, and the Oregon Coast Range. Elemental geochemistry plots of silt and clay samples in both formations illustrate overlapping yet distinctive basin groups, supporting the interpretation of separate provenances for the two sedimentary sequences. The provenance difference between the two basin sequences suggests that a highland, the faulted TMPH anticline, blocked the Columbia River system from depositing sediments in the Tualatin Basin since late Miocene time. The basin-fill sequences in each basin evolved independently, although they are geographically separated by only a few kilometers. Elevated hypersthene levels in Hillsboro Formation sands from the eastern margin of the Tualatin Basin, along with a correlative diatomaceous, lacustrine mudstone in the central part of the basin, indicate that the Tualatin Valley was inundated during the upper Pliocene or lower Pleistocene; Boring Lava flows dammed and diverted the Willamette River in the Portland Basin into the lower Tualatin River valley.
Mixed Quantum/Classical Dynamics of Hydrogen Transfer Reactions

This article presents the methodology we have developed for the simulation of hydrogen transfer reactions, including multiple proton transfer and proton-coupled electron transfer reactions. The central method discussed is molecular dynamics with quantum transitions (MDQT), which is a mixed quantum/classical surface hopping method that incorporates nonadiabatic transitions between the proton vibrational and/or electronic states. The advantages of MDQT are that it accurately describes branching processes (i.e., processes involving multiple pathways), is valid in the adiabatic and nonadiabatic limits and the intermediate regime, and provides real-time dynamical information. The multiconfigurational MDQT (MC-MDQT) method combines MDQT with an MC-SCF formulation of the vibrational modes for the simulation of processes involving multiple quantum modes (e.g., for multiple proton transfer reactions). MC-MDQT incorporates the significant correlation between the quantum modes in a computationally practical way and ...
G-continued fractions for basic hypergeometric functions II

In this paper we apply a modification of a generalized Pringsheim’s theorem to obtain a Gcontinued fraction expansion for the quotient of two contiguous basic hypergeometric functions in arbitrarily many variables. As an application we obtain a G-continued fraction extension of the Rogers–Ramanujan continued fraction.  2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cost containment in medicine: Why cardiology?

In 1984, expenditures for health care in the United States were nearly $350 billion, more than 10% of the gross national product, and continued increases exceeding the general economic growth are projected. Cardiology and cardiovascular surgery represent a large part of this cost, reflecting the many new diagnostic and therapeutic procedures developed over the past 2 decades. Previous cost containment attempts failed because they provided no incentive to reduce spending for advanced technologies and procedures. A method of payment based on a case mix of 467 diagnosis related groups (DRGs), average duration of hospital stay and location of hospitals has been developed for Medicare. A 4-year trial using this method in New Jersey resulted in lower hospital costs per capita than in the rest of the country. In October 1983, a 3-year phase-in for all Medicare payments by the DRG method began. The 43 DRGs assigned to cardiology and cardiovascular surgery are among the highest-weighted for large reimbursement; thus, with the great number of aging patients with cardiac diagnoses, cardiology represents a very large share of the cost of medical care today. Because the quality of care can be determined and compared directly with costs, cardiology DRGs lend themselves to careful analysis. Three components will be examined. Coronary bypass surgery is the largest single reimbursement, thus the rationale for its use should be carefully studied. Coronary care units have markedly increased hospital costs for acute myocardial infarction, but have also improved care.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reboxetine in therapy-resistant enuresis: results and pathogenetic implications.

Objective. To investigate whether the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine is effective as a non-cardiotoxic alternative to imipramine in the treatment of therapy-resistant enuresis. Material and methods. Twenty-two children with severely socially handicapping enuresis resistant to urotherapy, the enuresis alarm, desmopressin and anticholinergics (all children had tried all these treatments) were given reboxetine, 4–8 mg at bed-time, for compassionate reasons. Results. Thirteen of the children (59%) achieved complete dryness with reboxetine, either as monotherapy or combined with desmopressin. Side-effects were minor and did not lead to discontinuation of treatment. Conclusions. Although the results of this study need to be confirmed in randomized, placebo-controlled trials, reboxetine may prove to be a useful treatment for therapy-resistant nocturnal enuresis.
An universal input and output RNS converter

A systolic architecture is presented which is capable of both input and output conversion with a throughput equal to that of the fast residue number system (RNS) processes of addition and multiplication. The converter can be used with an arbitrary RNS (within certain realization-imposed limits). An actual anticipated VLSI layout is described that will be programmable for RNSs with up to eight moduli of six bits or less. This should provide an off-the-shelf solution for many RNS conversion requirements. >
Cadmium exposures during early development: do they lead to reproductive impairment in fathead minnows?

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether cadmium (Cd) exposures during embryonic and larval development alter the reproductive performance, reproductive physiology, and sex ratio of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Embryonic exposures were conducted by exposing adult female fathead minnows to 0, 25, or 100 μg/L Cd for 8 d prior to breeding. Larval exposures were conducted by exposing the larvae to waterborne Cd at 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 μg/L from 8 to 29 d posthatch (the time period associated with female sexual differentiation). Minnows from each exposure period were raised to maturity, at which time their reproductive success, secondary sexual characteristics, gonadosomatic index (GSI), plasma 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) concentrations, and sex ratios were assessed. Results from the embryonic study reveal that Cd exposures alter the secondary sexual characteristics of male fathead minnows but do not alter reproductive performance, GSI, 11-KT concentrations, or sex ratios. Larval exposures, during the period of female sexual differentiation, significantly reduce the frequency of adult spawning and increase clutch size but do not alter fecundity, secondary sexual characteristics, GSI, or 11-KT. Subtle alterations in sex ratio were observed, indicating that larval Cd exposures may increase the proportion of females in an exposed population.
Locally Critical Resistivities from Umklapp Scattering

Efficient momentum relaxation through umklapp scattering, leading to a power law in temperature dc resistivity, requires a significant low energy spectral weight at finite momentum. One way to achieve this is via a Fermi surface structure, leading to the well-known relaxation rate Γ∼T2. We observe that local criticality, in which energies scale but momenta do not, provides a distinct route to efficient umklapp scattering. We show that umklapp scattering by an ionic lattice in a locally critical theory leads to Γ∼T(2Δ(k(L))). Here Δ(k(L))≥0 is the dimension of the (irrelevant or marginal) charge density operator J(t)(ω,k(L)) in the locally critical theory, at the lattice momentum k(L). We illustrate this result with an explicit computation in locally critical theories described holographically via Einstein-Maxwell theory in Anti-de Sitter spacetime. We furthermore show that scattering by random impurities in these locally critical theories gives a universal Γ∼(log(1/T))(-1).
High-frequency characterization and modeling of polysilicon and diffusion lines

Polysilicon interconnect high-frequency measurements (45 MHz to 2 GHz) and SPICE-based transmission-line modeling have been performed on CMOS IC test structures. The methodology consists of the following steps: (1) customized transmission-line layout for microwave coplanar probe-based test; (2) calibration of probe reference plane using the ISS (impedance-standard substrate) standard and the LRM (line-reflect-match) calibration technique; (3) calibration of silicon substrate pad-parasitics; (4) S-parameter measurement of transmission lines and subtraction of system and substrate parasitics; and (5) SPICE circuit model extraction and parameter optimization. Results from ongoing measurements of diffusion lines are also reported. >
Time bounds on fault‐tolerant broadcasting

Broadcasting is the process by which a message originated at one vertex is delivered to all other vertices of a network, subject to the restriction that a vertex may participate in only one message transfer during a given time unit. A k fault-tolerant broadcasting scheme is a calling scheme that gurantees the completion of the broadcast in the presence of up to k link failures. Let Tk(n) denote the minimum time required for k fault-tolerant broadcasting in an n-vertex network. Liestman [Networks15 (1985) 159–171] showed that for every n and k such that n − 2 ≥ k ≥ 1, Tk(n) ⩾ [log n]+k. This paper establishes a matching upper bound, showing that for such n and k, Tk(n) ϵ O (log n +k). In particular, we present various efficient broadcasting schemes achieving almost optimal multiplicative constants. Our best upper bound uses new partial results on a tree-packing problem that may be of independent interest.
Prototype based feature learning for face image set classification

Recognizing human face from image set has recently seen its prosperity because of its effectiveness in dealing with variations in illumination, expressions, or poses. In this paper, inspired by the prototype notion originating from cognition field, we obtain discriminative feature representation for face recognition by implementing prototype formation on image set. The contribution of this paper is twofold: first, we propose to use prototype image sets as a common reference to sufficiently represent any image set with the same type; in addition, we propose a novel framework to extract image set's features through hyperplane supervised by max-margin criterion between any image set and prototype image set. The final features are summarized through pooling technique along the prototype image sets. We experimentally prove the effectiveness of the method through extensive experiments on several databases, and show that it is superior to the state-of-the-art methods in terms of both time complexity and recognition accuracy.
Effects of Twin Gestation on Maternal Morbidity

As the incidence of twin gestation increases, it is important to consider the maternal risks associated with carrying multiples. Compared with singleton gestation, there are increased risks to the mother during the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods. Certain pregnancy complications are more likely to occur during a twin gestation, including preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders, antepartum hospitalization for preterm labor or abnormal bleeding, nutritional deficiencies, cesarean delivery, and postpartum hemorrhage. Women carrying twins may benefit from early education regarding these issues, close maternal monitoring as well as physical therapy sessions, and nutrition counseling during their pregnancies.
Nitrate levels in the woodbine aquifer, North‐Central Texas

Abstract The Woodbine aquifer is an important source of groundwater in north‐central Texas. In a survey of 63 wells located within or near the aquifer's recharge zone, nitrate concentrations ranged from less than 0.22 mg/L to 102 mg/L. Only one observation exceeded 45 mg/L. In general, nitrate concentrations were higher in shallower wells, and there was no significant correlation between nitrate and chloride concentrations. Potential sources of nitrate in the study area include fertilizers used on crops and lawns, animal waste from feedlots, and household wastewater. Results of this study suggest that nitrate concentrations are locally elevated above background levels, shallow groundwater is more susceptible to nitrate contamination, and fertilizer is a probable source of groundwater pollution. The use of deep wells and careful land use planning may alleviate future contamination of groundwater supplies.
Action of Antipneumococcus Serum in the Pneumonic Rat and its Penetration into the Pulmonary Lesion

In a study1 of treatment of pneumonic rats with antipneumococcus serum, it was found that antiserum given immediately after intrabronchial inoculation of rats with pneumococci and mucin gave almost complete protection; when antiserum was administered 24 hours after inoculation, a time at which SO-^C^ of the lobe was involved, corresponding to a 3 or 4 day pneumonia in man, approximately SC^ of the rats survived. Untreated controls had a mortality approaching lOO*^ It seemed desirable to understand the reduced efficiency of late serum therapy.
Games as Art and Kant’s Moral Dilemma What Can Ethical Theory Reveal About the Role of the Game Designer as Artist?

Every day we are vicariously presented with situations based on various sensory realms in which decisions must be made and actions taken. This occurs in interactive, video, audio, and textual media alike. Immersive game environments intensify this process, as James Gee states in 2003, but intrinsic learning has taken place in board games, and according to Mary Flanagan this dates back at least to 1250. On top of this, games are currently beginning to assert themselves as works of art. Considering game designers as artists raises the bar for creative responsibility. The goal of this article is to further an understanding of the role of the game designer as moral teacher and artist by studying an intersection of ethics and games. Our methodology for this study is to play through the “Tranquility Lane” quest in the video game Fallout 3 using Kant’s theory and discuss creative choices in its design using the Categorical Imperative.
Growth of GaAs, InxGa1−xAs, and AlxGa1−xAs on GaAs (111)B Substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

We have studied the growth of GaAs, InxGa1−xAs, and A1xGa1−xAs on on-axis GaAs (111)B substrates by MBE. RHEED patterns are used to identify different growth conditions. Using the optimized growth parameters, GaAs and A10.3Ga0.7As films with surface defect densities (observed under an optical microscope) of less than 50 cm−2 were routinely achieved. No significant differences in surface morphology and carrier concentration were found between As4 and As2 if their mass fluxes are the same. A Hall mobility of 30,000 cm2V−1s−1 at 77 K was obtained for a GaAs film with a free electron concentration of 2x1015cm−3.
How Do Firms Become Good Acquirers? Managerial Learning and the Acquisition Capability of Firms

Using micro-data on executives involved in acquisitions, this paper examines how executives’ prior acquisition experience shapes the firm’s future acquisition performance over time. I find that managers’ acquisition experience positively impacts a firm’s subsequent acquisition performance. This effect is largely driven by managers’ firm-specific acquisition experience; however managers’ outside experience can become more valuable to the new firm, the more knowledge the manager has about the new firm based on longer tenure. Further, I find that executive turnover lowers acquisition performance in the short-term, due to the disruption to team-dependent learned knowledge and routines. I also examine which executive function learns most in acquisitions and where learning in acquisitions manifests itself, including in the selection, execution and implementation aspects. Overall, this paper refines our knowledge of how and at what levels firms learn in corporate development and thus gives important insights int...
MRI Changes Compared in Child and Adult Onset MS

Initial brain MRI characteristics of 41 children ( 18 years) at multiple sclerosis (MS) onset were analyzed retrospectively in a study at UCSF Regional Pediatric and Adult MS Centers, and University of California, San Francisco.
e-Assessment for learning and performativity in higher education: A case for existential learning

This paper provides a critical and contextualised exploration of assessment for learning (AfL) as an important area of scholarship in higher education, particularly in online learning environments. Although AfL can speak to a range of education discourses, the specific focus here is on the performativity and experiential learning discourses around individual and collective notions of AfL in online settings (e-AfL). We argue that e-AfL practices that emphasise performativity and are used primarily for technicist purposes impoverish their potential to promote learning. We explore the existential notion that e-AfL can transcend formulaic and procedural interpretations of formative assessment in higher education. Rich, divergent approaches to e-AfL can support students in higher education courses to develop their funds of identity, thereby enhancing learner reflexivity and agency.
Optimizing plug-in electric vehicle and vehicle-to-grid charge scheduling to minimize carbon emissions

Abstract Electric vehicles are an emerging technology with significant potential for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Yet strategies to minimize carbon dioxide emissions by strategically charging during different times of day have not been rigorously explored. To identify possibilities for minimizing emissions from plug-in electric vehicle use, daily optimized charging strategies over each electricity reliability region of the United States are explored. Optimized schedules of plug-in electric vehicle charging for standard and vehicle-to-grid use were compared with pre-timed charging schedules to characterize the potential for carbon dioxide emission reductions across charging characteristics, regional driving, and marginal energy generation trends. It was found that optimized charging can reduce carbon dioxide emissions over pre-timed charging by as much as 31% for standard use and 59% for vehicle-to-grid use. However, some scenarios of vehicle-to-grid participation were found to increase carbon dioxide emissions by up to 396 g carbon dioxide per mile by displacing stored energy from more carbon-intense energy generation periods. Results also indicate that plug-in electric vehicle charging emissions can vary widely for a given energy efficiency rating. Current energy efficiency ratings may lead to incorrect assumptions of plug-in electric vehicles emissions compared to conventional gasoline vehicles due to varying regional and temporal emissions. To coincide with the push for lower greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, charging times for plug-in electric vehicles should target periods where charging promotes carbon dioxide reductions, and electric vehicle energy efficiency ratings should be reconsidered in order to promote sustainable plug-in electric vehicle use moving forward.
An adaptive routing algorithm to improve lifetime reliability in NoCs architecture

According to Moore's Law, the number of transistors on a single chip doubles every two years, allowing tens or even hundreds of cores to be integrated. As multi-cores communicate with memory, the underlying Network-on-Chip (NoC) experiences different stress levels due to asymmetric traffic patterns and complex routing algorithms. Unfortunately, the growth in the number of transistors in NoCs will significantly impact both reliability (physical failures) and aging (uneven utilization) due to the increasing effects of Electromigration (EM), Hot carrier injection (HCI) and Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI). In this paper, we propose a novel in-flight, adaptive, routing algorithm to reduce the accumulation of EM, HCI, and NBTI effects on the lifetime of NoC. The proposed routing algorithm is based on a new metric called Packet-Per-Port (P3) which equalizes the stress throughout the network. The net impact is that the network components such as the links and the routers will age evenly and thereby improve NoC reliability and maximize the lifetime of the chip. Our results indicated that for Splash-2 traces, we observe 7.3% to 13.7% energy per bit reduction and up to 6.23% improvement in the transistor reliability when compared to Dimensional Order Routing (DOR) on 8×8 mesh.
When Parents Behave Badly: A Critical Policy Analysis of Parent Involvement in Schools

The discourse surrounding parental involvement has long been a topic of discussion among educational scholars. However, over the last three decades, legislators, policymakers, and political bodies have begun to take interest in the parental involvement arena. Utilizing a Critical Policy Analysis, this chapter focuses on the power dynamics of parental involvement in schools, and how the role, function, and meaning of involvement are not only prescribed for parents, but well-delimited within school spaces occupied by marginalized parents. In order to capture the power dynamics of parental involvement in schools, we provide a case study of parental involvement—based on our current and previous research—which details the various ways in which parents are positioned in Latin@ impacted schools, while also showcasing how they are treated by school personnel when parents transgress their expected roles. We then interrogate how and why involvement has become a taken-for-granted idea within education’s discourse (Weaver-Hightower 2008).
Handover in paediatrics: junior perceptions of current practise within the North West region

Background In August 2009 the final stage of European Working Time Directive implementation took place in the UK. Previous research has identified the handover as a vulnerable period during which information may be lost, distorted or misinterpreted. In 2006, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) released “Good Practice in Handover” which defines the “Who, When, Where, How and What” of best practice paediatric handover. The RCPCH have also incorporated handover as a component of good clinical care in their most recent assessment standards document for paediatric training. Despite these innovations, research has identified dissatisfaction among junior staff with current practices. Objectives To evaluate the perceptions of handover among paediatric trainees in the North West, with attention paid to each of the domains of the current RCPCH guidance. Methods The research used a descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional study design. An online questionnaire survey was sent to a whole population sample of North West Trainee Paediatricians, using the mailing lists held by the Deanery. The questionnaire was developed locally for this study and piloted before its delivery by email using the online service “SurveyMonkey”. It consisted of mainly closed questions, with some open ended questions to gather qualitative data. A reminder was sent 2 weeks after the initial email. Responses were collected anonymously. Results There were 64 responders, giving a response rate of 35%. Registrars were reported to be present a 96.7% of morning handovers, while consultants were present at 65.3%. Handover was reported to not be timetabled in to the working day by 25.4% of respondents and was only reported bleep free by 8.1% of responders. 28% of respondents did not report an available designated handover location and 53.2% said the location was used for other purposes during handover. 82.8% of respondents thought that handover was effective, but only 50.8% felt it was educational and 55.6% thought it was well organised. Free text responses reported a number of concerns with current practise. Conclusions Despite clear guidance on paediatric handover, trainees report weaknesses in actual practice in several key domains and this is impacting on their satisfaction with the handover process.
Cloning of bovine intercellular adhesion molecules and characterization of expression of neutrophil adhesion molecules in periparturient cows and calves

v GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation organization 1 Literature Review 1 Adhesion molecules 2 Periparturient cows 7 Immune status in neonatal calves 12 References 17 EXPRESSION OF ADHESION MOLECULES ON NEUTROPHILS OF PERIPARTURIENT COWS AND NEONATAL CALVES 36 Abstract 36 Introduction 37 Materials and methods 38 Animals and experimental design 38 Whole blood leukocyte counts and differentials 39 CD 18 and L-selectin immunostaining procedure 39 Flow cytometric analysis 40 Statistical analysis 40 Results 40 Whole blood leukocyte counts and differentials 40 CD 18 and L-selectin (CD62L) expression analysis 40 Discussion 41
Professional Master's Athletic Training Programs use Clinical Education to Facilitate Transition to Practice

Context: Athletic training students' ability to transition into professional practice is a critical component for the future of the profession. However, research on professional master's students' ...
The lost language of the RNA World

Gloss The discovery of numerous riboswitch classes reveals that many of these RNA structures regulate gene expression in response to the selective binding of coenzymes and signaling molecules derived from RNA monomers or their precursors. It has been proposed that many coenzymes might be of ancient origin, based on their universal distribution in biology and their RNA-like chemical composition. In this Review, which includes four figures and 103 references, we discuss the findings that support the hypothesis that common RNA-derived signaling compounds are ancient and speculate on the possible complexity of the chemical language that might have been used by life-forms long before proteins emerged.
Analysis of Conditions Leading to the Regulation of Water Flow by a Beaver

A young beaver was selected for observation and experimentation to evaluate bases of water-regulation behavior. Records were kept of the beaver’ behavior both in and out of an “experimental pond.” Rates and timing of activities were examined against variation in water levels, temperature, flow, time of day, and ambient as well as water-specific sounds. While the beaver failed to respond systematically to variations in water levels, he went to great lengths to avoid the flow of water. When water flow and the accompanying sounds were untied experimentally, the beaver avoided variation in the quality and quantity of sound in general and the sounds associated with flowing water specifically.
Law and Society

Any system of criminal law comprises three subsystems. Systems of liability stipulate when individuals are liable. Grading systems determine how crimes are classified and assessed. Systems of allotment specify how the nature and severity of punishments are selected.
Resilience and sustainability: Similarities and differences in environmental management applications

In recent years there have been many disparate uses of the terms sustainability and resilience, with some framing sustainability and resilience as the same concept, and others claiming them to be entirely different and unrelated. To investigate similarities, differences, and current management frameworks for increasing sustainability and resilience, a literature review was undertaken that focused on integrated use of sustainability and resilience in an environmental management context. Sustainability was defined through the triple bottom line of environmental, social and economic system considerations. Resilience was viewed as the ability of a system to prepare for threats, absorb impacts, recover and adapt following persistent stress or a disruptive event. Three generalized management frameworks for organizing sustainability and resilience were found to dominate the literature: (1) resilience as a component of sustainability, (2) sustainability as a component of resilience, and (3) resilience and sustainability as separate objectives. Implementations of these frameworks were found to have common goals of providing benefits to people and the environment under normal and extreme operating conditions, with the best examples building on similarities and minimizing conflicts between resilience and sustainability.
Resource selection by coastal wolves reveals the seasonal importance of seral forest and suitable prey habitat

Abstract Wolves (Canis lupus) in Southeast Alaska inhabit temperate rainforests characterized by patchworks of old-growth and harvested forest stands in various stages of regeneration. Investigating wolf space-use patterns in this landscape may yield information on their tolerance of anthropogenic disturbance in forest ecosystems. Furthermore, identifying shifts in habitat selection throughout the year can provide insights into wolves’ ability to exploit seasonally available resources. We examined seasonal habitat selection of wolves on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska with respect to forest structure, succession, land cover, topography, road densities and habitat predicted to support Sitka blacked-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) and salmon (Onchorynchus spp.), the primary and a secondary prey species. We used GPS locations from 13 wolves during 2012–2016 to develop resource selection functions (RSFs). Within their home ranges, wolves selected low elevation, flat terrain with open land cover and low-volume old-growth forests across seasons. During fall and winter wolves preferred clearcuts ≤30 years old, but avoided clearcuts >30 years old and thinned young-growth relative to medium-volume old growth. Habitats with predicted high deer carrying capacities were selected during late summer and fall, and areas close to anadromous streams were important only during summer when salmon were spawning. Areas of high road densities were avoided during denning season and summer, but strongly selected during winter. Our study reveals the potential of coastal wolves to seasonally target prey habitat and adjust to altered landscapes, but successional forests had a limited period of use (
Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 8 channels mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of eucalyptol.

SummaryBackground and Purpose Eucalyptol (1,8-cineol), the major ingredient in the essential oil of the eucalyptus leaves and other medicinal plants, has long been known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Eucalyptol interacts with Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channels among other targets, but it is unclear which of these mediates its anti-inflammatory effects. Experimental Approach The effects of eucalyptol were compared in wild-type and TRPM8-deficient mice in two different models: Footpad inflammation elicited by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) and pulmonary inflammation following administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Edema formation, behavioral inflammatory pain responses, leukocyte infiltration, enzyme activities and cytokine/chemokine levels were compared. Key Results In the CFA model, eucalyptol strongly attenuated edema and mechanical allodynia and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6), effects comparable to those of ibuprofen. In the LPS model of pulmonary inflammation, eucalyptol treatment diminished leukocyte infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity and production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-6. Genetic deletion of TRPM8 completely abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of eucalyptol in both models. Eucalyptol is at least 6-fold more potent on human TRPM8 than on mouse TRPM8. A metabolite of eucalyptol, 2-hydroxy-1,8-cineol, also activated human TRPM8. Conclusion and Implications Among the pharmacological targets of eucalyptol TRPM8 is essential for its anti-inflammatory effects in mice. The much higher sensitivity of human TRPM8 to eucalyptol compared to the rodent orthologues explains the higher potency of eucalyptol in humans. Metabolites of eucalyptol likely contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects. The development of more potent and selective TRPM8 agonists may yield novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.