cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Telemedicine and Medical Education in the Age of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has offered medical schools an opportunity to incorporate telemedicine training into the curricula in a timely and practical manner. Telemedicine has grown exponentially in the United States, and the shift toward remote care to align with social distancing guidelines is fueling this growth. Training medical students to deliver high-quality, secure, and personalized health care through telemedicine will prepare the next generation of physicians to conscientiously use these technologies and meet a growing need for telehealth services. Telemedicine-specific educational goals can be incorporated into curricula and integrated with existing clinical experiences to provide students with core telemedicine and clinical skills to prepare them for current and future pandemics. Medical educators could explore 5 major telemedicine domains: (1) access to care, (2) cost, (3) cost-effectiveness, (4) patient experience, and (5) clinician experience. Schools could use the following learning vehicles to help medical students explore these domains: (1) asynchronous lectures covering telehealth history; (2) discussions on applications, ethics, safety, etiquette, and patient considerations; (3) faculty-supervised standardized patient telehealth encounters; and (4) hands-on diagnostic or therapeutic procedures using telehealth equipment. Incorporating telemedicine into the medical school curriculum exposes students to the application of telemedicine across specialties as well as its limitations.
On #BlackLivesMatter and Journalism

In this refined version of a 2020 talk given to journalism students at Duke University, Professor Sarah Jackson reflects on the newsroom controversies and tensions that have accompanied the rise of #BlackLivesMatter. She argues that normative news values have always been at least partially subservient to the larger values of society, which means that, in the United States at the very least they are unavoidably and structurally racist even as they simultaneously represent real efforts on behalf of an occupational group to enact values that help democracy function properly. Jackson’s goal in this powerful piece is for journalists to be more self-reflective about the manner by which their professional efforts can harm particular people and groups even while it purports to benefit society at large.
Accidental Incest: Drawing the Line - Or the Curtain? - For Reproductive Technology

This article calls for setting limits on the number of offspring born from any one individual's gametes, and for continuing to sanction incest, even when it comes to adult, inter-sibling consensual behaviour. The article examines the issues of inadvertent consanguinity raised by third-party gamete use through a feminist lens on both incest and reproductive technology. The central questions concern regulation of reproductive technology, such as whether legal restrictions on the fertility market might diminish the possibilities of accidental incest, as well as whether criminal and civil sanctions of intrafamilial sexual behavior should apply to relationships created through reproductive technology; these, in turn, require examinations of the fertility business itself as well as broader justifications for incest prohibitions.
Transposon Mutagenesis-Guided CRISPR/Cas9 Screening Strongly Implicates Dysregulation of Hippo/YAP Signaling in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Development

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are highly aggressive, genomically complex, have soft tissue sarcomas, and are derived from the Schwann cell lineage. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 syndrome (NF1), an autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndrome, are at a high risk for MPNSTs, which usually develop from pre-existing benign Schwann cell tumors called plexiform neurofibromas. NF1 is characterized by loss-of-function mutations in the NF1 gene, which encode neurofibromin, a Ras GTPase activating protein (GAP) and negative regulator of RasGTP-dependent signaling. In addition to bi-allelic loss of NF1, other known tumor suppressor genes include TP53, CDKN2A, SUZ12, and EED, all of which are often inactivated in the process of MPNST growth. A sleeping beauty (SB) transposon-based genetic screen for high-grade Schwann cell tumors in mice, and comparative genomics, implicated Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and other pathways in MPNST development and progression. We endeavored to more systematically test genes and pathways implicated by our SB screen in mice, i.e., in a human immortalized Schwann cell-based model and a human MPNST cell line, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We individually induced loss-of-function mutations in 103 tumor suppressor genes (TSG) and oncogene candidates. We assessed anchorage-independent growth, transwell migration, and for a subset of genes, tumor formation in vivo. When tested in a loss-of-function fashion, about 60% of all TSG candidates resulted in the transformation of immortalized human Schwann cells, whereas 30% of oncogene candidates resulted in growth arrest in a MPNST cell line. Individual loss-of-function mutations in the TAOK1, GDI2, NF1, and APC genes resulted in transformation of immortalized human Schwann cells and tumor formation in a xenograft model. Moreover, the loss of all four of these genes resulted in activation of Hippo/Yes Activated Protein (YAP) signaling. By combining SB transposon mutagenesis and CRISPR/Cas9 screening, we established a useful pipeline for the validation of MPNST pathways and genes. Our results suggest that the functional genetic landscape of human MPNST is complex and implicate the Hippo/YAP pathway in the transformation of neurofibromas. It is thus imperative to functionally validate individual cancer genes and pathways using human cell-based models, to determinate their role in different stages of MPNST development, growth, and/or metastasis.
Audit Data Analytics and Jurors' Assessment of Auditor Negligence: The Effects of Follow-up Procedures and the Lack of a Standard

While auditors are increasingly using audit data analytics (ADA), research is limited on whether this new technology will affect auditor liability. This study examines the effects of how auditors follow up on the large number of exceptions often identified by ADA, and the lack of a standard on the use of ADA, affects jurors’ assessments of auditor negligence. Consistent with the algorithm aversion literature, we find that jurors assess higher negligence when auditors use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to identify a sample of exceptions for follow up testing than if human audit team members identify exceptions for follow up. Higher perceptions of causation and foreseeability in the AI condition mediate this effect. We also find an interaction such that negligence is highest when auditors use AI to select exceptions for follow up testing and there is no ADA standard. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to consider algorithm aversion in the juror-auditor setting and to apply the culpable control model to emerging audit technologies.
Shared values and beliefs of classroom teachers who operate as transformative intellectuals in online communities

Online communities have the potential to help teacher education programs inform and prepare future teachers to teach children equitably and confront social injustices. The purpose of this study was...
Bleeding gastric or duodenal ulcer

Of the estimated 4 000 000 people in the USA with peptic ulcer disease, about 100 000 bleed each year. The attendant mortality rate has remained relatively constant at 6–10% during the past 30 years, despite numerous advances in therapy. Predictors of increased chance of death from an episode of ulcer haemorrhage include an age of over 60 years, multiple organ system disease, transfusion of 5 or more units of whole blood or its equivalent, the recent stress of operation, trauma or sepsis, and the performance of emergency surgery to control haemorrhage (in these patients mortality rates range from 15 to 25%). The mortality rate in patients undergoing emergency surgery is twice as high for bleeding gastric ulcer as it is for bleeding duodenal ulcer.
Language switching and constituent structure.

Four experiments employing two groups of bilinguals, Korean-English and Spanish-English, and two modalities of presentation, visual and auditory, were performed. Split-language sentences were presented to the bilingual subjects. The point in the sentence at which the language changed was varied. One group was asked to respond true or false to sentences in which the change in language occurred between constituents. Another group was asked to respond to sentences in which the language change occurred within one of the constituents. Longer response times resulted from the sentences in which the language change occurred within a constituent.
Ethiopian Historiography in the Latter Half of the Twentieth Century: A North American Perspective*

This paper reflects on the critical thinking about, and reconstruction of, past events and processes in which the central actors, both as subjects and producers, think, or once thought, of themselves as Ethiopians. Definitional problems abound. The group of people who think of themselves as Ethiopian has changed over time. Some people who once thought of themselves this way no longer do so. The reverse is also true, some people being involved in the process of becoming Ethiopian. Moreover, the content which people find in the word has changed very considerably. Some people who continue to think of themselves as Ethiopians now do so in ways which differ remarkably from ways in which they once did so. In particular, among educated people, the meaning of Ethiopia has been influenced by the events of the last half century. There is a dialectical relationship here, between feelings of identity and
Cyber Aggression: The Relation between Online Offenders and Offline Social Competence

Children are increasingly using computer technologies to engage in acts of aggression against peers, often termed 'cyber aggression'. Media reports have sensationalized instances of cyber aggression, and social scientists have begun to examine its characteristics and consequences. Using a younger sample of children than most previous research (192 third‐ through sixth‐grade children), the present research evaluated grade and gender effects on cyber aggression and, most importantly, evaluated the classroom peer social consequences of engaging in cyber aggression, after controlling for traditional, face‐to‐face aggression. Children reported engaging in cyber aggression at comparable rates across grades and between males and females. Engaging in cyber aggression was related to higher rates of loneliness and lower rates of global self‐worth, peer optimism, number of mutual friendships, social acceptability, and popularity. In short, after controlling for effects attributable to traditional aggression, cyber aggression was related to significant negative peer relations outcomes.
Explanation and understanding

Michael Strevens offers an account of causal explanation according to which explanatory practice is shaped by counterbalanced commitments to representing causal influence and abstracting away from overly specific details. In this paper, I challenge a key feature of that account. I argue that what Strevens calls explanatory frameworks figure prominently in explanatory practice because they actually improve explanations. This suggestion is simple but has far-reaching implications. It affects the status of explanations that cite multiply realizable properties; changes the explanatory role of causal factors with small effect; and undermines Strevens’ titular explanatory virtue, depth. This results in greater coherence with explanatory practice and accords with the emphasis that Strevens places on explanatory patterns. Ultimately, my suggestion preserves a tight connection between explanation and the creation of understanding by taking into account explanations’ role in communication.
Low-temperature baryogenesis and the axion supermultiplet

We consider the possibility that the baryon asymmetry is generated at low energies as a consequence of the axino decay. We analyze models in which the axino, the superpartner of the axion, is heavy and decays into gluinos at temperatures T approx. = 1 GeV. If CP and B violating couplings for the quark superfields are included, the subsequent decay of these out of equilibrium gluinos can act as seeds for baryogenesis. The required amount of CP violation is well consistent with the bounds on the electric dipole moment of the neutron and the mechanism works even for low reheating temperatures after inflation (T sub RH greater or approx. = 10 exp 4 GeV).
Matching Building Performance to Organizational Needs

A standard practice for measuring the office building requirements of organizations and the performance of buildings in meeting those requirements (ORBIT-2) is described. Using this method four alternative strategies for meeting an organizations building needs, current and future, are examined. These strategies include maximizing building performance, striking an average, maximizing a few demands stereotypically associated with an organization type, and carefully matching the building performance profile to the needs profile of a particular organization. Building requirements for five very different organizations are also compared against the performance of a representative sample of 20 North American office buildings using the ORBIT-2 process. There is no such thing as a universally ideal building - "one size does not fit all". A building can fail to meet organizational needs by overperformance thus wasting resources through unneeded and unused capacity, or by underperforming which negatively affects organizational effectiveness.
The New “Bridge to Adulthood”: Searching for Meaning and Cohesion in the Nexus of “Hook-ups,” Internet Porn, and Instant Messages

The transition from adolescence to young adulthood has sometimes been referred to as the “bridge to young adulthood.” This period is critically important for consolidating identity and for developing a deeper capacity for sexual and nonsexual intimacy. However, widening reliance on cyber technology, social media websites, and instant text messaging, in combination with newly emerging patterns of sexual relations and recreational drug and alcohol use, has complicated the navigation of the developmental transition to young adulthood. We review psychoanalytic theory pertaining to the transition from adolescence to adulthood with a focus on Erikson’s theory of psychosexual/psychosocial epigenesis in order to explicate the developmental tasks specific to this transition. This developmental stage will also be examined through the lens of developmental neurobiology. Recent theorizing on Internet-mediated sexuality will be discussed as it relates to the case studies presented. Case material will demonstra...
Bleeding complications in BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: prevalence, type, and risk factors in a single-center cohort

The BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) share an increased risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications. Risk factors for hemorrhage are less well defined than those for thrombosis. Because patients with CALR mutations have higher platelet counts compared to JAK2 V617F-mutated patients, bleeding rates may be increased in this group. Our aim was to retrospectively evaluate whether acquired von Willebrand disease (AvWD), thrombocytosis, mutational status, or treatment history are associated with bleeding in a cohort of MPN patients. Using an electronic database, MPN patients seen between 2005 and 2013 were retrospectively identified using ICD-9 codes and billing records. A bleeding event was defined as one that was identified in the medical record and graded based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (CTCAE) version 4.0. Among 351 MPN patients, 15.6 % experienced 64 bleeding event types. There was no association of bleeding with mutational status, gender, MPN subtype, aspirin use, prior thrombosis, or platelet count at presentation. There was an association between bleeding and older age at diagnosis. aVWD was identified in six patients. In this single-center retrospective study, bleeding events were identified in 15 % of patients, and associated with older age at diagnosis. aVWD was rarely tested for in this cohort.
Myeloma Cast Nephropathy

Myeloma cast nephropathy (MCN) is the sine qua non renal lesion of multiple myeloma (MM). It was first reported in 1909, some 60 years after the description of Bence Jones protein [1]. Studies have now confirmed Bence Jones protein to be the same as monoclonal immunoglobulin free light chain (FLC) [2]. The term “cast nephropathy” was first used by Oliver in 1945 to describe the intraluminal obstruction of renal tubules by monoclonal FLC casts and the resulting inflammatory reaction around these tubules. Other than rare incidences where MCN can be the result of a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, it is always associated with the MM [3]. While other renal lesions can be seen with low-grade plasma cell dyscrasias, lymphoproliferative disorders, and MM, the development of MCN signifies the progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) to symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) [4].
Removing the Restriction of an Even Number of Trials for the Shine-Bower Single-Subject Anova

The restriction of an even number of trials for the Shine-Bower single-subject ANOVA is removed. The associated Shine-Bower error term is made sufficiently flexible to allow the experimenter to base it on any suitable part or combination of suitable parts (chosen on an a priori basis) of the single subject's process proceeding across trials.
Cooperative binding of polyamines induces the Escherichia coli single-strand binding protein-DNA binding mode transitions

The Escherichia coli single-strand binding (SSB) protein is an essential protein involved in DNA replication, recombination, and repair processes. The tetrameric protein binds to ss nucleic acids in a number of different binding modes in vitro. These modes differ in the number of nucleotides occluded per SSB tetramer and in the type and degree of cooperative complexes that are formed with ss DNA. Although it is not yet known whether only one or all of these modes function in vivo, based on the dramatically different properties of the SSB tetramer in these different ss DNA binding modes, it has been suggested that the different modes may function selectively in replication, recombination, and/or repair. The transitions between these different modes are very sensitive to solution conditions, including salt (concentration, as well as cation and anion type), pH, and temperature. We have examined the effects of multivalent cations, principally the polyamine spermine, on the SSBss poly(dT) binding mode transitions and find that the transition from the (SSB)35 to the (SSB)56 binding mode can be induced by micromolar concentrations of polyamines as well as the inorganic cation C0(NH3)2+. Furthermore, these multivalent cations, as well as Mg2+, induce the binding mode transition by binding cooperatively to the SSB-poly(dT) complexes. These observations are interesting in light of the fact that polyamines, such as spermidine, are part of the ionic environment in E. coli and hence these cations are likely to affect the distribution of SSBss DNA binding modes in vivo. Furthermore, the ability of the SSB protein to enhance the rate of renaturation of complementary single-stranded DNA >5000-fold is directly dependent upon the presence of polyamines (Christiansen, C., & Baldwin, R. L. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 115, 4411.
Fuzzy optimal control of reservoir-assisted stormwater treatment areas for aquatic ecosystem restoration

Attachment of stormwater treatment areas (STAs) or constructed wetlands to stormwater retention reservoirs can achieve substantial reductions in pollutant loadings if properly operated and maintained. Besides water quality improvement, optimally operated reservoir-assisted STAs provide support for ecosystem remediation, flood control, and supplemental water supply. An adaptive, multiobjective real-time control model is developed for reservoir-assisted STA systems that incorporates fuzzy rule-based operating rules optimized using a genetic algorithm interacting with a simulation model of the system. The model is applied to the North Fork reservoir-assisted STA located in the watershed of the St. Lucie Estuary, Florida. Optimal daily feedback operational policies are developed for managing freshwater discharges to the Estuary for coastal ecosystem restoration, maximizing the natural treatment efficiency and of the STA, and providing supplemental water supply for irrigation. Testing and validation results from application of the fuzzy optimal control model confirm achievement of multiple targets and criteria for the North Fork project, while demonstrating potential for adaptive management of reservoir-assisted STA systems throughout the coastal regions of south Florida.
Schrödinger-like equation for a nonrelativistic electron in a photon field of arbitrary intensity

The Schr{umlt o}dinger equation with minimal coupling for a nonrelativistic electron interacting with a single-mode photon field is not satisfied by the nonrelativistic limit of the exact solutions to the corresponding Dirac equation. A Schr{umlt o}dinger-like equation valid for arbitrary photon intensity is derived from the Dirac equation without the weak-field assumption. The {open_quotes}eigenvalue{close_quotes} in the present equation is an operator in a Cartan subalgebra. An approximation consistent with the nonrelativistic energy level derived from its relativistic value replaces the eigenvalue operator by an ordinary number, recovering the Schr{umlt o}dinger eigenvalue equation used in the formal scattering formalism. The Schr{umlt o}dinger-like equation for the multimode case is also presented. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
In vitro action of thyroxine analogs on succinate and malate oxidation.

IN THE search for an explanation of how thyroxine acts to increase the rate of oxygen consumption of various tissues of the body, many workers have examined enzyme effects (1). Considering that the activity of several enzyme systems, such as succinoxidase, cytochrome C and cytochrome oxidase, is appropriately increased in hyperthyroidism, it is logical to attempt to demonstrate direct hormonal effects on these. In general, Smith and Williams-Ashman (2) and others found no consistent stimulation. This may well be due to the fact that enzyme studies are carried out under conditions so chosen as to yield maximal activities. With less favorable conditions, thyroxine might act to prevent denaturation of specific proteins, to stabilize oxidation-reduction potentials, etc. Such an action may not even remotely be related to the in vivo effect of the hormone. Thus, the thyroxine potentiation of the ascorbic acid oxidase system, pointed out by Gemmill (3), was shown by Frieden (4) to be a protective action
Sparse spectrum model for a turbulent phase

Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of phase front perturbations by atmospheric turbulence finds numerous applications for design and modeling of the adaptive optics systems, laser beam propagation simulations, and evaluating the performance of the various optical systems operating in the open air environment. Accurate generation of two-dimensional random fields of turbulent phase is complicated by the enormous diversity of scales that can reach five orders of magnitude in each coordinate. In addition there is a need for generation of the long "ribbons" of turbulent phase that are used to represent the time evolution of the wave front. This makes it unfeasible to use the standard discrete Fourier transform-based technique as a basis for the MC simulation algorithm. We propose a new model for turbulent phase: the sparse spectrum (SS) random field. The principal assumption of the SS model is that each realization of the random field has a discrete random spectral support. Statistics of the random amplitudes and wave vectors of the SS model are arranged to provide the required spectral and correlation properties of the random field. The SS-based MC model offers substantial reduction of computer costs for simulation of the wide-band random fields and processes, and is capable of generating long aperiodic phase "ribbons." We report the results of model trials that determine the number of sparse components, and the range of wavenumbers that is necessary to accurately reproduce the random field with a power-law spectrum.
Update on the use of antidepressants in the elderly

This chapter presents a review of the current status of depression treatment for the elderly. The authors describe currently available antidepressants and discuss special considerations when they are used to treat elderly patients.
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome.

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome (also known as Wilkie’s syndrome, chronic duodenal ileus, or cast syndrome) occurs when the third portion of the duodenum is compressed between the SMA and the aorta. The major risk factors for development of SMA syndrome are rapid weight loss and surgical correction of spinal deformities. The clinical presentation of SMA syndrome is variable and nonspecific, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and weight loss. The diagnosis is based on radiographic findings of duodenal compression by the SMA. The treatment of SMA syndrome is aimed at the precipitating factor, which usually is related to weight loss. Therefore, conservative therapy with nutritional supplementation is the initial approach, and surgery is reserved for those who do not respond to hyperalimentation.
A 1.8 V 128 Mb 125 MHz multi-level cell flash memory with flexible read while write

Application of multilevel cell (MLC) technology to a flexible read-while-write flash memory has been achieved through the use of a highly optimized sensing architecture. The goal of this implementation is to provide performance on par with single-bit-per-cell implementations while significantly reducing the overall die size. In order to achieve the required high-speed operation using MLC structures, all offsets to the sense amplifier were minimized and the column load and local sense amplifier were optimized to provide ample differential gain. Through the use of these optimization techniques, a 1.8-V MLC-based flexible read-while-write memory with 125-MHz continuous burst and 40-ns random read access time has been manufactured. Using a 0.13-/spl mu/m technology, this new device provides a die size that is 25% of the size of the equivalent single-bit-per-cell device manufactured on a 0.18-/spl mu/m technology.
The bargaining problem: axioms concerning changes in the conflict point

Abstract Two axioms concerning changes in the conflict point are introduced. A sufficient condition for a solution function to satisfy these axioms is that it satisfies the relatively weak adding requirement of Thomson-Myerson (1980).
Stress-induced glass transitions

Abstract In 1995, Chudnovsky and coworkers ( Zhou, Chudnovsky, Bosnyak, & Sehanobish, 1995 ) interpreted cold drawing in polymeric glasses as a dual glass transition, first from glass state to a liquid, and then, after drawing turned the glass into a non-isotropic oriented polymeric liquid, from oriented liquid to a new glass state. On the microscopic scale, a glass is a system with local arrangements of particles frozen. At the glass–liquid transition temperature, these arrangements become changeable at an observable time scale. Assuming that cold drawing is caused by slip-stick rearrangements in small clusters throughout the material, we investigate the relations of conventional glass transition to the onset of cold drawing; our theory is based on a generalization of Eyring’s ideas of stress-dependent rearrangement activation energies.
The pupal instar of Stomoxys calcitrans: Cuticle deposition and chitin synthesis

Abstract Incorporation of radioactive N -acetyl- d -glucosamine peaked at 1 and also at 4 days post-pupation. Histological studies indicated that these peaks were related to the production of the ecdysial membrane and underlying imaginal cuticulin layer on the first day and the production of imaginal cuticle on the fourth day. The formation and/or secretion of the larval exocuticle, pre-pupal cuticle and ecdysial membranes were studied.
PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF HORSE, TURTLE, SNAKE, AND BIRD OWNERS

Possibilities of matching companion animals other than dogs and cats to owners' personality types for physical and psychosocial benefits were explored. It was hypothesized that horse, turtle, snake...
Imagining New York's first skyscrapers, 1875–1910

By the end of the nineteenth century, New York had become a city of skyscrapers. In less than twenty-five years, vertical structures had come to characterize the once horizontal landscape. Yet that new physical shape did not immediately engender a new form of imagery. New York's first skyscrapers were imagined no differently from horizontal structures. Images of skyscrapers incorporated picturesque compositional patterns, utilized picturesque techniques, and were described with picturesque metaphors. As a mode of perceiving, the picturesque proved particularly adaptable, and for at least thirty years, from 1875 to 1905, images of verticality were rendered within this aesthetic tradition. Only gradually did people develop a form of imagery that was more appropriate to the new vertical structures. By the first decade of the twentieth century, the skyscraper had become a popular icon of the modern art movement. Artists used the skyscraper to express the energy and power of the modern world. This shift from the picturesque aesthetic to the modernist sensibility, therefore, provided the context for understanding the first chapter in the history of skyscraper imagery.
Parametric optimal design

Two algorithms for the solution of a parametric optimal design problem are developed and applied to example problems from diverse fields, such as finite allocation problems, optimal design of dynamical systems, and Chebyshev approximation. Sensitivity analysis gives rise to a first-order feedback law, which contains a compensating term for any error in the nominal solution, as well as sensitivity of the solution with respect to design parameters. The compensating term, when used alone, leads to a new second-order method of maximization for a linearly-constrained nonlinear programming problem.
Direct observation of molecular ordering of cholesterol in human erythrocyte membranes

The first observation of the orientation and order of cholesterol in a natural membrane is reported. The 2H-NMR spectrum of [2,2,3,4,4,6-2H6]cholesterol incorporated into human erythrocyte ghosts demonstrates that the orientation and anisotropic motion of cholesterol is very similar in natural and model membranes.
Dopant ion size and electronic structure effects on transparent conducting oxides. Sc-doped CdO thin films grown by MOCVD.

A series of Sc-doped CdO (CSO) thin films have been grown on both amorphous glass and single-crystal MgO(100) substrates at 400 °C by MOCVD. Both the experimental data and theoretical calculations indicate that Sc3+ doping shrinks the CdO lattice parameters due to its relatively small six-coordinate ionic radius, 0.89 A, vs 1.09 A for Cd2+. Conductivities as high as 18100 S/cm are achieved for CSO films grown on MgO(100) at a Sc doping level of 1.8 atom %. The CSO thin films exhibit an average transmittance >80% in the visible range. Sc3+ doping widens the optical band gap from 2.7 to 3.4 eV via a Burstein−Moss energy level shift, in agreement with the results of band structure calculations within the sX-LDA (screened-exchange local density approximation) formalism. Epitaxial CSO films on single-crystal MgO(100) exhibit significantly higher mobilities (up to 217 cm2/(V·s)) and carrier concentrations than films on glass, arguing that the epitaxial CSO films possess fewer scattering centers and higher dopin...
The adsorption of H2O on clean and oxygen-dosed silver single crystal surfaces

Abstract The adsorption of H 2 O on the surface of a single-crystal sphere of silver with exposed (111), (100) and (112) facets has been examined using ESDIAD (electron stimulated desorption ion angular distribution), LEED (low energy electron diffraction) and TDS (thermal desorption spectroscopy). The purpose of the study was (a) to examine the influence of substrate geometry for adsorption of H 2 O on a metal surface for which the adsorbate-substrate interaction is weak, and (b) to study the influence of a surface impurity, oxygen, on the surface chemistry and local bonding structure of H 2 O on Ag. We have found no evidence for either long-range or short-range local bonding order for adsorbed H 2 O at 80 K on any of the surfaces studied. This appears to be a consequence, in part, of the lattice mismatch between the Ag crystal structure and the two-dimensional H 2 O ice crystal structure. Adsorbed H 2 O reacts with preadsorbed oxygen to form OH species which are bonded with the molecular axis perpendicular to Ag(111) and (100) but “inclined” on (112) surfaces, as identified using ESDIAD. The “inclined” OH species are associated with atomic steps on the (112) surface.
Resistance - something behind automated calibration

It is not controversial to say that automation will increase the efficiency of any process, compared with the current performance. In many automation projects, however, one important issue has been overlooked: resistance. This resistance is not electrical resistance governed by Ohm's law. It is resistance to change by personnel when automation or technology changes are suggested. This is a common sociotechnical barrier during the course of phasing in new technology. This article is about an unsuccessful attempt to automate calibration processes for electronic measuring devices in a well-established instrumentation laboratory and suggestions on how to address the sociotechnical problem that was encountered. After reading this article, the author will recognize that the introduction of new, very helpful technology may not be successful because of human (sociotechnical) factors.
Beam Catcher/Dump

A simple, low cost aperture limiting device with an absorber block has been developed and installed in the AGS ring at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The device intercepts injection tails, transition losses, and the inward spiraling beam of an aborted accelerations or extraction cycle. The resultant consolidation of losses at one point reduces activation of components around the ring and radiation exposure to personnel.
Proteome analysis of lipid rafts in Jurkat cells characterizes a raft subset that is involved in NF-κB activation

Lipid rafts are detergent-insoluble membrane domains that play a key role in signal transduction by the T-cell antigen receptor. Proteome analysis revealed the presence of amidosulfobetaine-soluble signal transducing, integral membrane, cytoskeletal, heat shock, and GTP-binding proteins in rafts prepared from Jurkat cells. Several of these proteins were recruited to rafts by CD3/CD28 costimulation. Of particular interest is the inducible association of activated IkappaB kinase complexes with raft vesicles that could be captured with anti-flotillin-1 antibodies. Following amidosulfobetaine solubilization, flotillin-beta and IKKbeta underwent reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation. Treatment of Jurkat cells with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin disrupted the assembly and activation of this raft complex and also interfered in CD3/ CD28-induced activation of a NF-kappaB response element in the IL-2 promoter.
Theatre Education for Everyone: The Role of the College and University Theatre Department

(1991). Theatre Education for Everyone: The Role of the College and University Theatre Department. Design For Arts in Education: Vol. 92, No. 4, pp. 18-20.
Topographic effects on the wind‐driven ocean circulation

Abstract This is a study of the influence of bottom topography of an ocean basin on the wind‐driven, barotropic ocean circulation. A detailed investigation is made of the role of vorticity transfer to the ocean bottom in the presence of varying topography. It is shown that the wind‐driven gyre over the topography of the North Atlantic has a transport in the western part of the basin only half of that obtained in an ocean of constant depth.
Finite Element Analysis of History-Dependent Damage in Time-Dependent Fracture Mechanics

The demands for structural systems to perform reliably under both severe and changing operating conditions continue to increase. Under these conditions time-dependent straining and history-dependent damage become extremely important. This work focuses on studying creep crack growth using finite element (FE) analysis. Two important issues, namely, (1) the use of history-dependent constitutive laws, and (2) the use of various fracture parameters in predicting creep crack growth, have both been addressed in this work. The constitutive model used here is the one developed by Murakami and Ohno and is based on the concept of a creep hardening surface. An implicit FE algorithm for this model was first developed and verified for simple geometries and loading configurations. The numerical methodology developed here has been used to model stationary and growing cracks in CT specimens. Various fracture parameters such as the C[sub 1], C[sup *], T[sup *], J were used to compare the numerical predictions with experimental results available in the literature. A comparison of the values of these parameters as a function of time has been made for both stationary and growing cracks. The merit of using each of these parameters has also been discussed.
Leveraging Metal-Support Interactions to Improve the Activity of PEMFC Cathode Catalysts

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cathodes requires a relatively large amount of Pt to catalyze. Our goal is to reduce the Pt loading in PEMFC cathodes using catalysts modified by metal support interactions (MSIs), an approach commonly used in heterogeneous catalysis. We illustrate the benefits of MSIs by showing that the activity of Pt is improved by supporting it on hydrous tantalum phosphate. More dramatically, oxygen reduction on Au in changed from a 2- to 4-electron reaction simply by supporting the metal on hydrous tin oxide. The changes to the catalysis of Pt and Au are attributed to electronic and chemical effects imparted by the supports.
A Stability Result With Application to Nonlinear Regulation

This work considers a class of nonlinear systems whose feedback controller is generated via the solution of a State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) as proposed in Banks and Manha and Cloutier. A pseudo-linear representation of the class of nonlinear systems is described and a stability analysis is performed. This analysis leads to sufficiency conditions under which local asymptotic stability is present. These conditions allow for the computation of a Region of Attraction estimate for system stability. These results are then applied to study stability and convergence properties of closed loop systems that arise when the SDRE technique is used. Many of the benefits of Linear Quadratic (LQ) Optimal Control, such as a tradeoff between state regulation and input effort, are readily transparent in the nonlinear scheme. The tradeoff ability is the major advantage of the SDRE over several other nonlinear control schemes. The computed Region of Attraction, while sufficient, is demonstrated to also be quite conservative. An example is used to examine the SDRE approach.
Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in the detection of early metastasis from sweat gland carcinoma

BACKGROUND Several subtypes of sweat gland carcinoma have been found to demonstrate a propensity to metastasize systemically and to regional lymph nodes. The predictive value and benefit of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy have been established in numerous other malignancies, but to the authors' knowledge there is little literature published to date regarding the use of SLN biopsy in patients with sweat gland carcinoma. In the current study, the authors demonstrated the utility of SLN biopsy in detecting subclinical metastases of sweat gland carcinoma, which may result in early treatment. METHODS The authors identified five patients with malignant eccrine tumors in whom SLN biopsy was performed at the study institution. Clinical and histopathologic data were reviewed. RESULTS The five study cases included two cases of aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma (both occurring on upper extremity digits), two cases of hidradenocarcinoma (occurring on the knee and foot, respectively), and an eccrine carcinoma (occurring on the scalp). In each biopsy-established case, there was no clinical evidence of metastatic disease, and a wide local excision or amputation was performed with concurrent SLN biopsy. Four of 18 SLNs in 3 of the 5 patients (60%) were found to be positive for metastatic carcinoma, as identified in hematoxylin and eosin stains and/or cytokeratin immunohistochemical stains. All three lymph node-positive patients subsequently underwent regional lymphadenectomy and were found to have no evidence of additional metastases. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study demonstrate that SLN biopsy detects subclinical metastases from sweat gland carcinomas to regional lymph nodes. SLN mapping and biopsy at the time of resection can provide useful information with which to guide early treatment. Further studies are necessary to determine whether this procedure results in a survival benefit in patients with sweat gland carcinomas. Cancer 2003;97:2285–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11328
Discretionary assessment practices: Professional judgments and principals' actions

Principals state that they are continuously engaged in making personnel and programmatic evaluations based on their professional judgments and perceptual measures. Yet, this perspective has been missing from research frameworks conceived by evaluation specialists. The descriptive statements of principals in this study reflect normative expectations and structural constraints, combined with idiosyncratic and discretionary actions. This study attempts to demonstrate how Dewey's general logic of experience helps to explain the epistemological underpinnings of administrators' evaluative perceptions and professional judgments.
Effects of Amino Acid-Supplemented Diets on Sister Chromatid Exchange Frequency of Rats Treated with Cyclophosphamide

Less balanced diets are known to induce higher sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency in rats. The SCE frequency of various diet rat groups correlated well with the degree of variation among the fasting plasma profile equivalent (FPPE) values of amino acids in their diets. To narrow the differences among the FPPE values of essential amino acids, three limiting amino acids, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, were added to the regular diet (Diet P) and to a less balanced diet, Diet G. The amounts of amino acid supplemented were calculated based on the FPPE concept. It was found that the addition of the three amino acids could reduce SCE frequency of those rats treated with a mutagen, cyclophosphamide (CP), especially at a higher dosage of CP.
Herstellung von polyphosphinsäure-estern durch Michaelis-Arbusow-reaktion†

Durch Reaktion von Bis-phosphonigsaureestern mit organischen Dihalogenverbindungen wurden Polyphosphinsaureester mit Molekulargewichten bis zu 5000 hergestellt. Am besten verlauft die Polykondensation bei Verwendung von p-Xylylendichlorid. Bei Verwendung von α,ω-Dihalogenalkanen wurde die Bildung cyclischer Polyphosphinate wahrscheinlich gemacht. Bei Ausfuhrung der Polykondensation bei zu hoher Temperatur oder bei Verwendung sehr reaktiver Dihalogenverbindungen verursacht eine Umalkylierungsreaktion Vernetzung der Polyphosphinsaureester. In allen Fallen lauft auser der Polykondensation eine Nebenreaktion ab, die zum Kettenabbruch fuhrt. Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich dabei um die Isomerisierung der Phosphonit- zu Phosphinat-Endgruppen. Entsprechend diesem Kettenabbruch enthalten die Produkte auch Halogen-Endgruppen, und zwar vielfach etwa ein Halogenatom pro Makromolekul. Durch Nachbehandlung dieser Halogen-Endgruppen mit Bis-phosphonigsaureestern lassen sich Produkte vom Molekulargewicht bis zu 9000 erhalten. Die Polyphosphinsaureester sind in organischen Losungsmitteln loslich, haben ein hohes Wasseraufnahmevermogen und konnen zu den stark hydrophilen Polyphosphinsauren verseift werden. Polyphosphinates with molecular weights up to 5000 were prepared by reaction of diphosphonites with organic dihalo compounds. The highest degree of polycondensation was obtained with p-xylylene dichloride. The formation of cyclic polyphosphinates was observed if α,ω-dihalo alkanes were used. The application of excessive temperatures or the use of highly reactive dihalo compounds in the polycondensation reaction entails crosslinking of the polyphosphinates by transalkylation reaction. In all instances the polycondensation is accompanied by a side reaction resulting in chain termination. Most probably this is due to isomerization of terminal phosphonite to phosphinate groups. Corresponding to this chain termination, the products contain halogen as end groups, viz. in many cases about one halogen atom per macromolecule. By aftertreatment of these terminal halo groups with diphosphonites products with molecular weights up to 9000 can be obtained. The polyphosphinates are soluble in organic solvents, they have a high water absorption capacity and may be saponified to the strongly hydrophilic polyphosphonic acids.
A novel tripodal CMPO ligand: Affinity for f-elements, computational investigations and luminescence properties

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of a new ligand bearing three carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) groups linked with a tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN) capping scaffold is reported. Lanthanide and actinide complexes with this tripodal, hexadentate ligand have been prepared and characterized in solution and in the solid state. Further, we have investigated the general f-element binding and coordination geometries of these complexes using computational methods. This ligand demonstrates low extraction ability within the series of f-elements studied as rationalized by the computational data and protonation behavior presented. Modest extraction selectivity was observed, however, for Tb3+. Sensitization of Eu3+ and Tb3+ in solutions of methanol is also achieved by the ligand and the resultant photophysical properties are discussed. Luminescence lifetime data for the Eu3+ complex have been used to determine a value of approximately 1.5 bound solvent molecules in solution, providing further insight into the f-element coordination chemistry of this new CMPO-based ligand.
Design and analysis of an alignment procedure using computer-generated holograms

A procedure that uses computer-generated holograms (CGHs) to align an optical system’s meters in length with low uncertainty and real-time feedback is presented. The CGHs create simultaneous three-dimensional optical references, which are decoupled from the surfaces of the optics allowing efficient and accurate alignment even for systems that are not well corrected. The CGHs are Fresnel zone plates, where the zero-order reflection sets tilt and the first-diffracted order sets centration. The flexibility of the CGH design can be used to accommodate a wide variety of optical systems and to maximize the sensitivity to misalignments. An error analysis is performed to identify the main sources of uncertainty in the alignment of the CGHs and to calculate the magnitudes in terms of general parameters, so that the total uncertainty for any specific system may be estimated. A system consisting of two CGHs spaced 1 m apart is aligned multiple times and re-measured with an independent test to quantify the alignment uncertainty of the procedure. The calculated and measured alignment uncertainties are consistent with less than 3 μrad of tilt uncertainty and 1.5 μm of centration uncertainty (1σ ).