cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Capsaicin-induced neuronal death and proliferation of the primary sensory neurons located in the nodose ganglia of adult rats

To evaluate the potential for neuronal replacement following destruction of vagal afferent neurons, we examined nodose ganglia following i.p. capsaicin treatment of adult rats. Rats received capsaicin or vehicle followed by a regimen of 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine injections (BrdU) to reveal DNA replication. Nodose ganglia were harvested at various times post-treatment and processed for 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear staining and immunofluorescence to estimate neuronal numbers and to determine vanilloid receptor, cleaved caspase 3, TUNEL, BrdU, the neuron-selective marker protein gene product (PGP) -9.5 and neurofilament-M-immunoreactivity. Twenty-four hours after capsaicin approximately 40% of nodose ganglion neurons expressed cleaved caspase 3-immunoreactivity and 16% revealed TUNEL staining, indicating that primary sensory neurons are killed by the capsaicin treatment of adult rats. The occurrence of neuronal death was confirmed by counts of DAPI-stained neuronal nuclei, which revealed >or=50% reduction of nodose neuron number by 30 days post-capsaicin. However, by 60 days post-capsaicin, the total numbers of neuronal nuclei in nodose ganglia from capsaicin-treated rats were not different from controls, suggesting that new neurons had been added to the nodose ganglia. Neuronal proliferation was confirmed by significant BrdU incorporation in nuclei of nodose ganglion cells immunoreactive for the neuron-specific antigen PGP-9.5 revealed 30 and 60 days post-capsaicin. Collectively, these observations suggest that in adult rats massive scale neurogenesis occurs in nodose ganglia following capsaicin-induced neuronal destruction. The adult nodose ganglion, therefore, provides a novel system for studying neural plasticity and adult neurogenesis after peripheral injury of primary sensory neurons.
What Race Do They Represent and Does Mine Have Anything to Do with It? Perceived Racial Categories of Anime Characters:

Is the intended race of anime characters distinguishable because of their facial features or are they too `international' to tell? This study addressed this question empirically by comparing the in...
How Do Tougher Immigration Measures Affect Unauthorized Immigrants

The recent impetus of tougher immigration-related measures passed at the state level raises concerns about the impact of such measures on the migration experience, trajectory, and future plans of unauthorized immigrants. In a recent and unique survey of Mexican unauthorized immigrants interviewed upon their voluntary return or deportation to Mexico, almost a third reported experiencing difficulties in obtaining social or government services, finding legal assistance, or obtaining health care services. Additionally, half of these unauthorized immigrants reported fearing deportation. When we assess how the enactment of punitive measures against unauthorized immigrants, such as E-Verify mandates, has affected their migration experience, we find no evidence of a statistically significant association between these measures and the difficulties reported by unauthorized immigrants in accessing a variety of services. However, the enactment of these mandates infuses deportation fear, reduces interstate mobility among voluntary returnees during their last migration spell, and helps curb deportees’ intent to return to the United States in the near future.
Time continuity in cohesive finite element modeling

We introduce the notion of time continuity for the analysis of cohesive zone interface finite element models. We focus on 'initially rigid' models in which an interface is inactive until the traction across it reaches a critical level. We argue that methods in this class are time discontinuous, unless special provision is made for the opposite. Time discontinuity leads to pitfalls in numerical implementations: oscillatory behavior, non-convergence in time and dependence on nonphysical regularization parameters. These problems arise at least partly from the attempt to extend uniaxial traction-displacement relationships to multiaxial loading. We also argue that any formulation of a time-continuous functional traction-displacement cohesive model entails encoding the value of the traction components at incipient softening into the model. We exhibit an example of such a model. Most of our numerical experiments concern explicit dynamics.
Radio magazines and the development of broadcasting: Radio broadcast and radio news, 1922–1930

This paper explores the development of two early popular radio magazines: Radio Broadcast and Radio News. The two magazines developed along with the emerging broadcast industry during the 1920s. The historical review and content analysis of the magazines revealed that they enjoyed a great deal of success in the early 1920s by appealing to amateur radio enthusiasts. Both started as general literary magazines and presented a diversity of content including technical training, literature, forums for exchange, contests, and descriptions of the varied uses of radio. As the broadcasting industry became more clearly defined, the two magazines narrowed their appeal to a technical audience rather than broadcasters. As a result, neither magazine emerged as a significant voice for broadcasting.
Dynamical processes in hard-sphere fluids.

For a classical fluid of hard spheres the nine hydrodynamic time-correlation functions between the microscopic density, longitudinal velocity, and temperature are calculated theoretically on the basis of the revised Enskog theory for all densities and wave numbers. It appears that a simplified description of these correlation functions is possible for small wave numbers in terms of extended hydrodynamic modes and for large wave numbers in terms of free streaming and a single binary collision.
Bouveret's Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Bouveret's syndrome is defined as gastric outlet obstruction caused by duodenal impaction of a large gallstone which passes into the duodenal bulb through a cholecystogastric or cholecystoduodenal fistula. Initial attempts at endoscopic retrieval with or without mechanical or extracorporeal lithotripsy should be performed as first-line treatment, though success rates with endoscopic treatment are variable. We describe a case of Bouveret's Syndrome in an elderly patient that was successfully treated with endoscopic extraction combined with mechanical lithotripsy, and review the literature on this uncommon condition.
Regional vicarious gain adjustment for coastal VIIRS products

As part of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Ocean Cal/Val Team, Naval Research Lab - Stennis Space Center (NRL-SSC) has been working to facilitate calibration and validation of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) ocean color products. By relaxing the constraints of the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) methodology for vicarious calibration of ocean color satellites and utilizing the Aerosol Robotic Network Ocean Color (AERONET-OC) system to provide in situ data, we investigated differences between remotely sensed water leaving radiance and the expected in situ response in coastal areas and compare the results to traditional Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) calibration/validation activities. An evaluation of the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP)-VIIRS ocean color products was performed in coastal waters using the time series data obtained from the Northern Gulf of Mexico AERONET-OC site, WaveCIS. The coastal site provides different water types with varying complexity of CDOM, sedimentary, and chlorophyll components. Time series data sets were used to develop a vicarious gain adjustment (VGA) at this site, which provides a regional top of the atmospheric (TOA) spectral offset to compare the standard MOBY spectral calibration gain in open ocean waters.
Research With Participants in Problem Experience: Challenges and Strategies

In this article, the author draws on his years of fieldwork contact with participants who experience various problem events in life, including truancy, running away, delinquency, vagrancy, homelessness, gang membership, criminal conviction, drug abuse, domestic abuse, sexual deviance, sexually transmitted disease, mental disorder, and infection with HIV/AIDS. He examines challenges from and explores strategies for research with participants in problem experience, on the matter of recruitment, participation, empowerment, cross-checking, and researcher protection. He includes examples to illustrate how generalizations in each category are made from real-world observation.
Luminescence quenching in a random medium

We have investigated the origin of quenching of visible photoluminescence in Yb,Er:yttria nanopowders. We show that this phenomenon results from a thermal nonlinearity mediated by non-radiative processes at high temperatures, using the results of luminescence decay measurements together with a simple theoretical model.
Teratology studies with 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.

Abstract The herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were teratogenic in the CD-1, DBA 2 J , and C57B1 6 J strains of mice. Both compounds produced cleft palates and kidney malformations. When these compounds were administered in combination, the activity was not potentiated at the doses employed. In the CD rat, 2,4,5-T was neither teratogenic nor fetotoxic. However, TCDD produced kidney anomalies. Prenatal administration of 2,4,5-T did not affect the postnatal growth and development of the CD rat.
Dynamic Noise Adaptation

We consider the problem of robust speech recognition in the car environment. We present a new dynamic noise adaptation algorithm, called DNA, for the robust front-end compensation of evolving semi-stationary noise as typically encountered in the car setting. A large dataset of in-car noise was collected for the evaluation of the new algorithm. This dataset was combined with the Aurora II framework to produce a new, publicly available framework, called DNA + AURORA II, for the evaluation of adaptive noise compensation algorithms. We show that DNA consistently outperforms several existing, related state-of-the-art front-end denoising techniques.
Hyperglycemia in patients with acute myeloid leukemia is associated with increased hospital mortality.

BACKGROUND. Hyperglycemia is often observed in medically ill patients. Previous studies have shown that patients with hyperglycemia during induction therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia develop more infections and have shorter disease-free survival. The authors hypothesized that hyperglycemia may be associated with adverse outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and sought to determine whether this association exists in this population. METHODS. The authors performed a retrospective cohort study to examine the relation between hyperglycemia and hospital mortality in patients with the diagnosis of AML. Two hundred eighty-three adult patients were treated over a 3-year period. All hospitalizations were reviewed during the study period, and glucose exposure and outcomes were quantified. RESULTS. Hyperglycemia during a patient's hospitalization was associated with increased hospital mortality (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.23–1.55; P < .001) after adjusting for covariates, including disease state, treatment type, and response. The rise in mortality was evident at even mild levels (110–150 mg/dL) of glucose elevation. Although the odds of developing severe sepsis (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.13.–1.38; P < .001) or severe sepsis with respiratory failure (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.44–2.91; P < .001) were increased with hyperglycemia, sepsis did not appear to be the main factor responsible for the negative impact of hyperglycemia on hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS. This study demonstrated an association between hospital mortality and even modest levels of hyperglycemia in AML patients. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this association and to discern causal pathways that mediate this effect. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
A quantitative assessment of wireless spectrum measurements for dynamic spectrum access

In this paper, we provide a qualitative assessment of the spectrum usage across five geographically separated sites in four mid-size metropolitan centers located in the United States. Specifically, the variations in spectrum occupancy across space, time and frequency are investigated and compared between different sites within the city as well as with other cities. We show that the variation at different locations within the same city is considerably high. Furthermore, we present a simple four-state Markov model that characterizes time-varying behavior of the spectral occupancy of a frequency channel.
Gene Expression Profiles during the Initial Phase of Salt Stress in Rice

Transcript regulation in response to high salinity was investigated for salt-tolerant rice (var Pokkali) with microarrays including 1728 cDNAs from libraries of salt-stressed roots. NaCl at 150 mM reduced photosynthesis to one tenth of the prestress value within minutes. Hybridizations of RNA to microarray slides probed for changes in transcripts from 15 min to 1 week after salt shock. Beginning 15 min after the shock, Pokkali showed upregulation of transcripts. Approximately 10% of the transcripts in Pokkali were significantly upregulated or downregulated within 1 hr of salt stress. The initial differences between control and stressed plants continued for hours but became less pronounced as the plants adapted over time. The interpretation of an adaptive process was supported by the similar analysis of salinity-sensitive rice (var IR29), in which the immediate response exhibited by Pokkali was delayed and later resulted in downregulation of transcription and death. The upregulated functions observed with Pokkali at different time points during stress adaptation changed over time. Increased protein synthesis and protein turnover were observed at early time points, followed by the induction of known stress-responsive transcripts within hours, and the induction of transcripts for defenserelated functions later. After 1 week, the nature of upregulated transcripts (e.g., aquaporins) indicated recovery.
The Value of Research Methods in Psychotherapy Research: A Reply to the Commentary of Dr Norton

Norton's commentary on our article has prompted us to think further about the purpose of psychotherapy research. We agree with his suggestion that researchers have much work to do to understand whe...
Negative Regulators of Hemopoiesis and Stroma Function in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome

The mechanism that leads to hemopoietic failure in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is not well understood. There is evidence, however, that regulatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Fas (CD95), and Fas-ligand, which negatively affect hemopoiesis by way of apoptosis are upregulated. Here we analyzed marrow samples from 80 patients with MDS in regard to TNF-α and Fas-ligand levels and a possible correlation with various disease parameters and risk factors. TNF-α levels were elevated in comparison to samples from normal marrow donors, however, no significant correlation with FAB subtype, cytogenetic risk group or score by the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) was observed. However, there was an inverse correlation between the cytogenetic risk category (low, intermediate, high) and levels of soluble Fas-ligand. The major source of TNF-α were mononuclear (non-stromal) cells which appeared to produce TNF-α at maximum levels. Limiting dilution analysis of CD34+ precurs...
Event-Based Modeling of Driver Yielding Behavior at Unsignalized Crosswalks

This research explores factors associated with driver yielding behavior at unsignalized pedestrian crossings and develops predictive models for yielding using logistic regression. It considers the effect of variables describing driver attributes, pedestrian characteristics and concurrent conditions at the crosswalk on the yield response. Special consideration is given to 'vehicle dynamics constraints' that form a threshold for the potential to yield. Similarities are identified to driver reaction in response to the 'amber' indication at a signalized intersection. The logit models were developed from data collected at two unsignalized mid-block crosswalks in North Carolina. The data include 'before' and 'after' observations of two pedestrian safety treatments, an in-street pedestrian crossing sign and pedestrian-actuated in-roadway warning lights.The analysis suggests that drivers are more likely to yield to assertive pedestrians who walk briskly in their approach to the crosswalk. In turn, the yield probability is reduced with higher speeds, deceleration rates and if vehicles are traveling in platoons. The treatment effects proved to be significant and increased the propensity of drivers to yield, but their effectiveness may be dependent on whether the pedestrian activates the treatment.The results of this research provide new insights on the complex interaction of pedestrians and vehicles at unsignalized intersections and have implications for future work towards predictive models for driver yielding behavior. The developed logit models can provide the basis for representing driver yielding behavior in a microsimulation modeling environment.
Collecting Horizontal Curve Data: Mobile Asset Vehicles and Other Techniques

Mobile asset data collection vehicles can provide transportation agencies with inventories of various roadway and roadside elements containing location information, element type, and condition data. Horizontal curves are of interest to agencies because they have been shown to be hazardous roadway components and have potential for mobile data collection concurrently with other roadway elements. The cost of manually acquiring horizontal curvature data to develop an inventory can be prohibitive for many agencies, so understanding the applicability of a mobile asset data collection effort for curves is important. The objective of this work was to study the ability of multiple commercial roadway inventory vehicles and to compare them to other methods for determining the geometric characteristics of horizontal curves. The comparison is based on data from three commercial vendors of roadway asset inventory data on a 38.8-km (24.1-mi) course in central North Carolina. Among the 16 curves studied, at least one vendor was within 10% of the radius value found with the manual chord method for six of the curves and within 25% for 13 of the curves. Only three curves had a larger radius variant. For the length measurements of the 16 curves, at least one vendor was within 10% of the length from the chord method for eleven of the curves and within 25% for fifteen of the curves. Only one curve had a larger length variant. The mobile vehicle vendors provided more accurate and consistent curve length measurements than radius measurements. Agencies that consider using mobile data collection vehicles for horizontal alignments should understand the limitations of each horizontal curve estimating technique and the changes that can occur in the radius within the curve. Collaborating with vendors to define the changes in roadway alignment that constitute a curve, the associated beginning and ending of the curve, and geometric characteristics can provide agencies the most appropriate data to meet their needs.
Kinetics of Adsorption of Lysozyme and Bovine Serum Albumin at the Air–Water Interface from a Binary Mixture

Abstract The kinetics of adsorption of lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA) at the air–water interface from binary bulk mixtures have been studied. An increase in BSA concentration in bulk phase caused a decrease in the extent of adsorption of lysozyme and an exponential decrease in its apparent diffusion coefficient; the lag time for its adsorption, however, decreased progressively with increasing bulk concentration of BSA. The ratio of BSA to lysozyme in the mixed monolayer increased with increasing ratio of BSA to lysozyme in the bulk phase. However, the unit cell dimensions occupied by BSA and lysozyme in the mixed monolayer were the same as those in single-component monolayers, suggesting that both BSA and lysozyme adsorbed independently, and the thermodynamic state of one protein was not modified by the other protein at the interface. Analysis of variations in interfacial composition of mixed monolayers formed at various bulk concentration ratios of the proteins indicated that adsorption of these proteins from the binary bulk phase did not follow a Langmuir-type competitive adsorption mechanism. Sequential adsorption experiments showed that although bulk phase BSA abruptly stopped adsorption of lysozyme, it could not displace lysozyme already adsorbed at the interface. In contrast, bulk phase lysozyme could neither stop adsorption of BSA nor displace adsorbed BSA. Critical analysis of these results indicated that adsorption of BSA and lysozyme from binary mixtures followed a kinetically controlled, noncompetitive adsorption mechanism. The interfacial composition of the mixed protein layer was primarily, if not solely, determined by the rate of arrival of each protein at the interface and unoccupied unit cells available at the interface at the time of arrival.
Dynamics of Cloud-Top Generating Cells in Winter Cyclones. Part II: Radiative and Instability Forcing

AbstractRecent field observations suggest that cloud-top precipitation generating cells (GCs) are ubiquitous in the warm-frontal and comma-head regions of midlatitude winter cyclones. The presence of fallstreaks emanating from the GCs and their persistence either to the surface or until merging into precipitation bands suggests that GCs are a critical component of the precipitation process in these cyclones. This paper is the second part of a three-part series that investigates the dynamics of GCs through very-high-resolution idealized Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations. This paper assesses the role of cloud-top instability paired with nighttime, daytime, or no radiative forcing on the development and maintenance (or lack) of GCs. Under initially unstable conditions at cloud top, GCs develop regardless of radiative forcing but only persist clearly with radiative forcing. Cloud-top destabilization due to longwave cooling leads to development of GCs even under initially neutral and sta...
Biodiversity, Genetic Diversity, and Genetic Resources of Date Palm

Phoenix dactylifera L. is composed of genetically discrete clones representing thousands of cultivars without the benefits of a dynamic mutation-recombination system; its genetic resources are the most important component of biodiversity in its natural habitats; these include modern cultivars, landraces, obsolete cultivars, breeding lines, and related wild species. Cultivated Phoenix is closely related to a variable aggregate of wild and feral palms distributed over a wide desert belt across the Middle East and North Africa. Genetic diversity and genetic structure of the species gene pool complex have been shaped and greatly altered by human and natural selection, clonal propagation, and spatiotemporal exchange of germplasm. The mixed sexual-clonal propagation system acted on the sexual traits, impacted the genetic structure of populations, and may have resulted in the accumulation of domesticated traits in the date palm. Traditional oases continue to play a vital role in the maintenance and enrichment of date palm biodiversity, genetic diversity, and genetic resources through multiple processes and dynamic conservation practices. However, with the advent of modern plantations emphasizing elite cultivars, a better understanding of the intraspecific genetic variation of date palm and its distribution in oasis agroecosystems is essential for the conservation and sustainable utilization of its biodiversity and genetic resources. In-depth assessment of the genetic vulnerability of date palm to biotic and abiotic stress requires knowledge of the extent and distribution of its genetic diversity, both of which depend on the species evolution and its unique breeding system, past genetic bottlenecks, and ecological, environmental, and anthropogenic factors.
Medicolegal Autopsy and Postmortem Toxicology

In the broadest sense, a medicolegal autopsy is any autopsy that generates an evidentiary document that forms a basis for opinions rendered in a criminal trial, deposition, wrongful death civil suit, medical malpractice civil suit, administrative hearing, or workmen’s compensation hearing. Because any autopsy report can become such a document, all autopsies should be considered medicolegal. However, for the purposes of this chapter, a medicolegal autopsy is more narrowly defined as an autopsy that is performed pursuant to the provisions of a medical examiners or coroners act of a state.
Segmentation of Thalamus from MR images via Task-Driven Dictionary Learning.

Automatic thalamus segmentation is useful to track changes in thalamic volume over time. In this work, we introduce a task-driven dictionary learning framework to find the optimal dictionary given a set of eleven features obtained from T1-weighted MRI and diffusion tensor imaging. In this dictionary learning framework, a linear classifier is designed concurrently to classify voxels as belonging to the thalamus or non-thalamus class. Morphological post-processing is applied to produce the final thalamus segmentation. Due to the uneven size of the training data samples for the non-thalamus and thalamus classes, a non-uniform sampling scheme is pro- posed to train the classifier to better discriminate between the two classes around the boundary of the thalamus. Experiments are conducted on data collected from 22 subjects with manually delineated ground truth. The experimental results are promising in terms of improvements in the Dice coefficient of the thalamus segmentation overstate-of-the-art atlas-based thalamus segmentation algorithms.
Visual Communication in Transition: Designing for New Media Literacies and Visual Culture Art Education Across Activities and Settings:

As an example of design-based research, this case study describes and analyses the enactment of a collaborative drawing and animation studio in a Singapore secondary school art classroom. The design embodies principles of visual culture art education and new media literacies in order to organize transitions in the settings of participation and interplay between the formality and informality of learning across these settings. The case report considers the process of co-design of a studio-based curriculum with one art educator and his perspectives on a curricular enactment with 39 students. Findings address challenges and opportunities associated with shaping social and technical innovations in schools and consider future studies.
GRASSHOPPER MANDIBLES AND THE NICHE VARIATION HYPOTHESIS.

Evolutionary biology consists, in large measure, of attempts to understand biotic diversity. For this reason, the "niche variation" hypothesis (Van Valen, 1965) of adaptive variation occupies a central position among evolutionary theories. The hypothesis attempts to explain biotic diversity at both genetic and phenetic levels, postulating a causal relationship between genetic or morphological variation and ecological habits. Under the conditions of the hypothesis, populations that occupy broader ecological niches are expected to be more variable, in phenotype and genotype, than more narrow-niched populations (Van Valen, 1965). In the past, both continuous (unimodal) and discontinuous (polymorphic) variation have been considered as facets of a single process leading to adaptive variation. A variety of studies have examined the niche variation hypothesis. Tests of the hypothesis typically consist of estimates of genetic (i.e., electromorphic) or morphological variability in comparison with suitable estimates of ecological amplitude. In general, the results of these studies are ambivalent. While the electromorphic analyses of Shugart and Blaylock (1973) and Steiner (1977) generally support the niche variation model, others by Sabath (1974), Soule and Yang (1973), Powell and Wistrand (1978), Mitter and Futuyma (1979), and Smith (1981) provide conflicting, occasionally contradictory, results. Similarly, morphological analyses by Van Valen (1965), Grant et al. (1976), Davidson (1977, 1978), and Bernstein (1979) provide supporting evidence, while those of Soule and Stewart (1970), Soule (1972),
Parametric robust H2 control design using LMI synthesis

This paper presents a new, iterative algorithm for designing full order LTI controllers for systems with real parameter uncertainty. Robust stability is determined for these systems using the Popov analysis criterion and multiplier, and robust performance is investigated using a bound on the output energy. Control design to minimize the robust performance metric naturally leads to Bilinear Matrix Inequalities, which can be decoupled to a large extent. However, coupling remains in the problem since we simultaneously optimize the parameters of both the Popov stability multiplier and the compensator. We present a heuristic, iterative algorithm to solve this design problem, and demonstrate that it works effectively on two numerical examples. In the process, we illustrate that the key advantages of this control design approach are the high reliability of the numerical techniques and the relative simplicity of implementing the algorithm.
Large Eddy Simulation of 3 X 3 wind turbine array using Actuator Line model with spectral elements

The current paper aims at performing large eddy simulation in spectral element framework of a 3 3 wind turbine array in atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) with near wall modelling for rough-wall geometry at very high Reynolds number. The wind turbine rotors have been represented by state of the art reduced order Actuator Line (AL) model analogous to immersed boundary methodology which is computationally more ecient than resolving turbine blade boundary layer. The inow condition is fed from an ABL simulation using spectral interpolation method. We present an analysis of multiscale turbulent dynamics and power generated by a 3 3 wind turbine array from the statistical moments and validate the result from experimental observations.
The Educational and Behavioral Impacts of the Ewing Marion Kauffman Charter School.

ABSTRACTThe Kauffman School is a public charter school serving students from low-income neighborhoods in Kansas City, Missouri. This paper used a matched comparison group design to estimate the impacts of the Kauffman School on student achievement, attendance, and suspensions. We found that the Kauffman School had large positive impacts on student achievement in mathematics, reading, and science. This paper also used qualitative data to explore possible mechanisms for the school's effects. We found evidence that the Kauffman School's hallmarks are being implemented faithfully, and that stakeholders believe the school's methods are having a positive influence on students' attitudes and performance
LINDO API secondary development based on Java

How to develop web application of LINDO API was proposed based on Java.It extended LINDO API's use range and give a good reference for web application integrating with LINDO API or invoking other JNI methods.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Management of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is one of a few inherited disorders that can be managed by administering medication to the fetus via oral maternal administration. Dexamethasone given in the first trimester ameliorates genital ambiguity in the affected female fetus. Mother and fetus should be monitored during and after pregnancy for treatment-related complications. Therapy can be coordinated with prenatal diagnostic testing.
What Is Asked in Clinical Data Request Forms? A Multi-site Thematic Analysis of Forms Towards Better Data Access Support

Many academic medical centers have aggregated data from multiple clinical systems into centralized repositories. These repositories can then be queried by skilled data analysts who act as intermediaries between the data stores and the research teams. To obtain data, researchers are often expected to complete a data request form. Such forms are meant to support record-keeping and, most importantly, provide a means for conveying complex data needs in a clear and understandable manner. Yet little is known about how data request forms are constructed and how effective they are likely to be. We conducted a content analysis of ten data request forms from CTSA-supported institutions. We found that most of the forms over-emphasized the collection of metadata that were not considered germane to the actual data needs. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations to improve the quality of data request forms in support of clinical and translational research.
Elderhostelers and college women coping with nuclear threat: a comparative study of thoughts and actions about Nuclear War.

Summary.-To relate experiences to thoughts and actions about the nuclear predicament, 49 elderhostelers and 54 college women were compared on their responses to the Nuclear Activism Questionnaire and scores on five areas of the Survey of Feelings about Nuclear War. Tests were group-administered in 30 rnin. to 49 lace adults and 54 young adult women who volunteered to participate and responded anonymously. Analysis showed a significant difference in the mean activism scores of the two groups; elderhostelers were significantly more antinuclear than the young adula. For the two samp!es, among many similarities on rhe survey was one striking contrast: if a difference in the tendency co deny threat to self and to project threat on othws is indicative of defensiveness, then these elderhostelers were far less defensive than the young adults. From clues abut coping strategies noted here, we recommend further inquiry about the paradigm, belief, or world view directing the mode of thought that accounts for activism scores, with larger groups of subjects.
FDA's Proposed Changes to Generic Drug Label Rules Questioned by Members of Congress

This blog entry discusses the FDA's proposed regulation published in November 2013 that would allow generic drug manufacturers to make labeling changes in the wake of Mutual Pharmaceuticals v. Bartlett and Pliva v. Mensing.
Overview and Epidemiology of Foot and Ankle Problems in Sports

Injuries of the foot and ankle are common among recreational and competitive athletes. Like most sports-related injuries, management typically entails a period of rest, aggressive rehabilitation and return to early competitive activity without compromising long-term functional outcomes. Timing of intervention and return to play is often a prime consideration with respect to sports, and thus particular emphasis is often given to early diagnosis and treatment in the athlete. A combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors may predispose athletes to certain injuries in the foot and ankle. Common acute athletic injuries to the foot and ankle include ankle sprains, ankle fractures, turf toe, Lisfranc injuries, and overuse syndromes ranging from Achilles tendonitis to stress fractures. As in all of sports medicine, the goal of treatment and surgical decision-making is to ensure safe return to play and to reduce the risk of further or recurrent injury, aligned with the goals of coaches, teams, and the athlete.
Do We Have to Stop Biologics before Surgery

The recent development of biological therapy has revolutionized care for patients with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases. Treatment with biologics can provide significant symptomatic and functional improvement. However, these agents have been associated with risks of compromised healing, such as infection, owing to their systemic blockade of mediators to the normal inflammatory responses required for tissue healing and immune surveillance. Given these potential risks and benefits, the question of how best to manage biologic therapy before planned surgery is an important consideration for practitioners. In an attempt to answer this question, we performed a review of the literature on this topic.
Student Employment as a High-Impact Practice in Academic Libraries: A Systematic Review

Abstract This study is a systematic literature review of student employment in academic libraries. The review aimed to identify the extent to which academic libraries treat student employment as a High-Impact Practice. Focusing on articles, books, and ACRL conference proceedings published from 1997 to 2017, 216 publications were reviewed. Utilizing the work of George Kuh as a framework, publications were coded so as to identify the characteristics of highly effective educational practices demonstrated in each publication's student employment program. Findings show that student employment programs consistently align with High-Impact Practices in regards to faculty and peer interaction, time, and effort; we also found gaps in the student employment literature regarding professional development and training, mentoring, diversity, and the transferability of work experiences to other contexts. Further research is needed to articulate the impact student employment has on student success.
Posttranslational protein modifications in cilia and flagella.

Tubulin and other flagellar and ciliary proteins are the substrates for a host of posttranslational modifications (PTMs), many of which have been highly conserved over evolutionary time. In addition to the binding of MAPs (microtubule-associated proteins) that provide a specific functionality, or the use of different tubulin isotypes to convey a specific function, most cells rely on an array of PTMs. These include phosphorylation, acetylation, glycylation, glutamylation, and methylation. The first and the last of this list are not unique to the tubulin in cilia and flagella, while the others are. This chapter will review briefly these varying modifications and will conclude with detailed methods for their detection and localization at the limit of resolution provided by electron micrscopy.
Analog Clustering Circuit

This chapter describes the mapping of a clustering algorithm into analog circuits and the design of the constituent circuit blocks. The experimental characterization of the individual blocks and of the clustering system are described. The clustering algorithm implemented is based on the K-Means algorithm, but differs in that the magnitude of the updates is independent of the input.
Rules, Standards and Bush v. Gore: Form and the Law of Democracy

This Article examines the judicial opinions in Bush v. Gore in order to expose new and critical insights about the rules and standards that govern democracy. Although commentators have analyzed the rules versus standards debate in other contexts, none have addressed the effect of form on the law of the political process. This Article is the first to make key observations about form, as well as its unique importance to the regulation of democracy. The Article proposes that the choice between rules and standards in the law that governs democracy is motivated by democratic sensibilities. Individuals harbor different conceptions of how democracy is supposed to work, and about which actors are least biased, most competent, and generally best positioned to make decisions about the workings of democracy. Based on these assumptions, lawmakers and decisionmakers sometimes choose to formulate and interpret legal directives as more rule-like or more standard-like as a means of allocating what they consider to be an appropriate amount of discretion to a particular actor. Form serves an essential function in the legal structure that regulates democracy, and is a necessary consideration in analyzing electoral reforms and the jurisprudence of the political process.
The Evolution of Man and Machine—a Review of Current Surgical Techniques and Cutting Technologies After Upper Extremity Amputation

This review focuses on the cutting edge of surgery and technologies following upper extremity loss. A range of technologies will be reviewed with the common theme of bionics. Traditional surgical amputation techniques are antiquated, especially with commercially advanced prosthetic technologies available following Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR) surgery for the upper extremity. TMR should be standard of care not only for its benefits for advanced prosthetic control but also for its improvement in neuroma pain and prevention of neuroma formation. Current investigations of different technologies hold a bionic solution to arm restoration. Many technologies currently exist in different phases of clinical research while others are immediately available and should be standard of care following upper extremity amputation. It is important that the healthcare community has understanding of the developing and available technology in the area of bionics and its application to upper extremity prosthetics.
Passenger Car Equivalents of Light Duty Trucks and the Costs of Mixed Vehicle Traffic: Evidence from Michigan

This study uses naturalistic data from drivers operating instrumented vehicles to estimate the following distance by vehicle type and compute the passenger car equivalents of light duty trucks (LDTs). Unlike most previous studies, this study separates LDTs by vehicle type and produces evidence that cars follow different types of LDTs at different distances. While car drivers follow pickup trucks more closely, they follow SUVs and minivans at a greater distance. The external cost on the transportation system is estimated to be approximately $37 million annually in the Detroit area and $2.05 billion annually for the United States as a whole.
Zeros of L-functions

In Chapter 1, we introduced the L-functions of modular forms and indicated briefly how useful they are in our study of arithmetic problems. In fact, the converse theorem of Weil asserts that an L-function, together with its twists, uniquely determines the modular form itself. Hence the study of modular forms can be largely reduced to that of their L-functions. Since L-functions are simply certain complex analytic functions, we can employ our familiar theory of complex analysis to study them, thereby facilitating our study of arithmetic problems for modular forms themselves.
Mitochondria as a target of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides: Revisiting common mechanisms of action with new approach methodologies.

Abstract Mitochondrial toxicity has been proposed as a potential cause of developmental defects in humans. We evaluated 51 organophosphate and carbamate pesticides using the U.S. EPA ToxCast and Tox21 databases. Only a small number of them bind directly to cholinesterases in the parent form. The hydrophobicity of organophosphate pesticides is correlated significantly to TSPO binding affinity, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction in HepG2 cells, and developmental toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans and Danio rerio (p
Inducibility Conundrum for Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia: Are We Done Yet?

See Article by Oloriz et al The application of programmed electrical stimulation (PES) by Wellens et al1 to the evaluation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in humans was a landmark achievement establishing a method that has led to pathophysiologic insights and improved VT diagnosis and therapy for >4 decades. The ability to initiate VT, ablate, and then demonstrate that VT is no longer inducible has been fundamental to assessing the acute effects of catheter ablation. Although there has been substantial progress with ablation in patients with heart disease and scar-related reentry and it is superior to escalating antiarrhythmic drug therapy in many situations, multicenter trials continue to report arrhythmia recurrences in 20% to 50% of patients.2,3 Recurrences are more frequent for nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathies and are associated with increased mortality and hospitalizations.2,4,5 Can PES shed light on the reasons for ablation failure? Or is its use to assess the acute procedural endpoint part of the problem? When one ablates an accessory pathway, the arrhythmia is no longer inducible, but we also confirm that the pathway is gone. Does use of noninducibility as an endpoint obfuscate the goal of abolishing the substrate? There are many limitations and caveats in the use of PES for assessing procedure outcome. VT inducibility is probabilistic and influenced by drugs, autonomic state, and the nuances of the stimulation protocol. The pacing sites, number of extrastimuli, and manner in which the extrastimuli are applied vary among laboratories. Some patients do not have inducible VT at baseline. Initiation of reentrant VT demonstrates that the substrate for reentry is present but is not informative about the existence of initiating triggers. Programmed stimulation is generally performed from sites remote from the reentry circuit, whereas recordings of spontaneous VT initiation often show that …
Posttraumatic Stress and Parenting Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation

Maternal trauma has been linked with problematic parenting, including both harsh and permissive behaviors. However, little is known about mechanisms accounting for this association. The current study examined the potential impact of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and emotion regulation on dysfunctional parenting behaviors in a sample of community mothers. We hypothesized a mediation model wherein PTSD would be associated with dysfunctional parenting (i.e., lax and overreactive behaviors) indirectly through deficits in maternal emotion regulation. Seventy-eight community mothers of 18- to 36-month-old children were administered the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) and 19 mothers met criteria for PTSD. Mothers also completed self-report measures of difficulties with emotion regulation and maternal laxness and overreactivity in parenting. Results revealed that emotion dysregulation fully mediated relations between PTSD status and lax (but not overreactive) parenting behaviors. Compared to mothers without PTSD, those with PTSD reported greater lax parenting behaviors indirectly through greater emotion dysregulation. Mothers with PTSD may struggle to parent assertively when trauma symptoms interfere with emotion regulation abilities. The current study highlights the need to design interventions focused on helping trauma-exposed mothers manage distress, ultimately aiming to enhance parenting effectiveness and improve child outcomes.