cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
It’s not about you: A simple proposition for improving biology education

THE Genetics Society of America’s Elizabeth W. Jones Award for Excellence in Education recognizes significant and sustained impact on genetics education. Consistent with her philosophy of linking research and education, the 2014 Awardee Robin Wright includes undergraduate students in all of her research. She seeks to teach how to think like and to actually be a biologist, working in teams and looking at real-world problems. She emphasizes a learner-centered model of classroom work that promotes and enhances lifelong skills, and has transformed biology education at the University of Minnesota through several efforts including developing the interactive, stimulating Foundations of Biology course sequence, encouraging active learning and open-ended research; supporting the construction of Active Learning Classrooms; and establishing Student Learning Outcomes, standards that measure biology education. She serves as founding editor-in-chief of CourseSource, focusing national effort to collect learner-centered, outcomes-based teaching resources in undergraduate biology.
Rosiglitazone causes bone loss in mice by suppressing osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.

Because osteoblasts and marrow adipocytes are derived from a common mesenchymal progenitor, increased adipogenesis may occur at the expense of osteoblasts, leading to bone loss. Our previous in vitro studies indicated that activation of the proadipogenic transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isoform γ 2 with rosiglitazone suppressed osteoblast differentiation. Here, we show that 5-month-old Swiss-Webster mice receiving rosiglitazone for 28 d exhibited bone loss associated with an increase in marrow adipocytes, a decrease in the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts, a reduction in bone formation rate, and a reduction in wall width—an index of the amount of bone formed by each team of osteoblasts. Rosiglitazone had no effect on the number of early osteoblast or osteoclast progenitors, or on osteoblast life span, but decreased the expression of the key osteoblastogenic transcription factors Runx2 and Osterix in cultures of marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitors. These effects were as...
Landscape-scale controls over 20th century fire occurrence in two large Rocky Mountain (USA) wilderness areas

Topography, vegetation, and climate act together to determine thespatial patterns of fires at landscape scales. Knowledge oflandscape-fire-climate relations at these broad scales (1,000s hato 100,000s ha) is limited and is largely based on inferences andextrapolations from fire histories reconstructed from finer scales. In thisstudy, we used long time series of fire perimeter data (fire atlases) and datafor topography, vegetation, and climate to evaluate relationships between large20thcentury fires and landscape characteristics in two contrastingareas: the 486,673-ha Gila/Aldo Leopold Wilderness Complex (GALWC)in New Mexico, USA, and the 785,090-ha Selway-BitterrootWilderness Complex (SBWC) in Idaho and Montana, USA. There were importantsimilarities and differences in gradients of topography, vegetation, andclimatefor areas with different fire frequencies, both within and between study areas.These unique and general relationships, when compared between study areas,highlight important characteristics of fire regimes in the Northern andSouthernRocky Mountains of the Western United States.Results suggest that amount and horizontal continuity of herbaceous fuels limitthe frequency and spread of surface fires in the GALWC, while the moisturestatus of large fuels and crown fuels limits the frequency of moderate-to-highseverity fires in the SBWC. These empirically described spatial and temporalrelationships between fire, landscape attributes, and climate increaseunderstanding of interactions among broad-scale ecosystem processes. Resultsalso provide a historical baseline for fire management planning over broadspatial and temporal scales in each wilderness complex.
The stability of limit–cycle oscillations in a nonlinear aeroelastic system

The effects of a freeplay structural nonlinearity on an aeroelastic system are studied experimentally. Particular attention is paid to the stability of a periodic nonlinear aeroelastic response, kn...
Rate constants for radical recombination. III. The trifluoromethyl radical

Products of the radical reactions arising from t-Bu2O2, CF3I, and CH3I at 146°C in the vapor phase have been measured over a 33-fold range of CH3I/CH3I ratios and shown to be governed by the rapidly established equilibrium Together with K estimated by thermochemical methods, the results yield, for the rate of recombination for CF3· radicals, kr = 109.7 ± 0.5 M−1 sec−1.
CRIM-negative Pompe disease patients with satisfactory clinical outcomes on enzyme replacement therapy

Pompe disease, especially in its infantile form, is a fatal disease. Most of the patients with this disease synthesize a nonfunctional form of the enzyme alpha glucosidase (GAA), the deficient enzyme in this disease. Patients producing some amount of this protein are labeled as cross-reactive immunologic material (CRIM)-positive. Few of them are unable to synthesize it and are labeled CRIM-negative. The clinical course of the disease has changed with the advent of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant alpha glucosidase enzyme (rhGAA). However, CRIM-negative patients have always been known to have poor outcome on ERT due to the development of anti-rhGAA antibodies in their bodies that neutralizes ERT efficacy. Here, we describe two CRIM-negative siblings on rhGAA ERT with unusually low anti-rhGAA antibody titer and good clinical outcome. Up to our current knowledge, this is the first report that describes such a good response to ERT in CRIM-negative patients.
Implications for Theory and Policy

The criminal history data used in this study do not offer a wide array of theoretically relevant variables, so our research cannot be used to explain why some youths begin their offending careers in the first place. We readily accept the characterization and the implied criticism offered by Sampson and Laub that, although the 1958 cohort study “has provided key information on criminal offending and has served as a stimulus for research, explanatory characteristics were limited largely to structural and demographic variables (such as poverty and race)” (1993: 23). We are not apologetic about this aspect of the data; rather, we hope we have adopted a realistic position about their strengths and weaknesses.
The Author’s Body: Almodóvar, Film Theory, and Embodiment

This chapter turns attention to the porosity of bodily boundaries in the films of Pedro Almodovar. Considering the trope of the body in relation to the function of authorship in film studies, it takes the authorship of Almodovar as a case in point. The chapter addresses both the representation of bodies in Almodovar’s films, as gendered, transformable, vulnerable, permeable, lost, and resurrected, and the formation of Almodovar’s corpus as a vulnerable body in itself. It brings out how Almodovar’s invocation of bodily themes at the level of film structure effects a splitting and doubling of each individual film that contain stories within stories, identities within identities, and bodies within bodies. Such splitting and doubling also bring about a blurring of filmic boundaries, between an inside and outside of the film’s narrative structure. The author calls attention to a motion of self-differentiation within each individual film body on the level of structure, story, and character in which inside and outside are blurred and elliptical, dividing the work from within. This blurring and splitting applies not just to individual films, but also to the work as a whole, troubling its relation to the author and the boundaries between and within individual films and the full corpus of films.
Ipad's in the Cockpit: Evolution or Revolution in the Sky

This paper consists of student legal scholarship regarding one aspect of the present regulatory environment for commercial aviation. The press has reported that US commercial airlines are equipping their pilots with tablet computer “Electronic Flight Bags” to replace the paper documents pilots presently carry. This scholarship has found that the FAA permits the use of tablet computers on the flight deck through a “non-legislative-rule.” This agency issued rule was made outside of “Notice-and-Comment” lawmaking. The rule is not legally binding in the way that officially promulgated Federal Regulations are. Because legal precedent does not provide a safe harbor to operators who rely upon the statements of government officials made in the absence of formal Federal Regulation, it would be advantageous for the industry to petition the FAA to formally codify rules to govern how pilots may rely upon Electronic Flight Bags.
Surface analysis for materials technology within a computer industry

An overview of surface and interface analysis within IBM is presented. The types of materials concerned; the areas in which surface analysis is having major impact; and the relative importance of different analytical techniques are discussed, together with perspectives for the future. Selected examples from Research Division work are presented to illustrate the range of materials work and techniques involved.
ABS Decoding Technology and the Application

Use the brake filling process as an example,this paper introduces the prinple of ABS and how to decode the ABS.In order to make reader understand these well,this paper brief the brake filling process as well.
Energy-saving analysis and calculation of HV frequency conversion retrofitting for fan and pump

The energy-saving principle and effect of different regulation modes are compared based on the study of their performance curves and pipeline characteristic curves before and after retrofitting.Theoretical calculation of energy-saving effect for different operating conditions is investigated from the whole system of variable-frequency speed regulation for fans and pumps.Its correctness and feasibility are validated with the test and practical operating data of an energy-saving retrofitting project for fans and pumps of power plant.
SU-F-J-38: Dose Rates and Preliminary Evaluation of Contouring Similarity Metrics Using 4D Cone Beam CT

Purpose: 4D imaging modalities require detailed characterization for clinical optimization. The On-Board Imager mounted on the linear accelerator was used to investigate dose rates in a tissue mimicking phantom using 4D-CBCT and assess variability of contouring similarity metrics between 4D-CT and 4D-CBCT retrospective reconstructions. Methods: A 125 kVp thoracic protocol was used. A phantom placed on a motion platform simulated a patient's breathing cycle. An ion chamber was affixed inside the phantom's tissue mimicking cavities (i.e. bone, lung, and soft tissue). A sinusoidal motion waveform was executed with a five second period and superior-inferior motion. Dose rates were measured at six ion chamber positions. A preliminary workflow for contouring similarity between 4D-CT and 4D-CBCT was established using a single lung SBRT patient's historical data. Average intensity projection (Ave-IP) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstructions generated offline were compared between the 4D modalities. Similarity metrics included Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff distance, and center of mass (COM) deviation. Two isolated lesions were evaluated in the patient's scans: one located in the right lower lobe (ITVRLL) and one located in the left lower lobe (ITVLLL). Results: Dose rates ranged from 2.30 (lung) to 5.18 (bone) E-3 cGy/mAs. For fixed acquisition parameters, cumulative dose is inversely proportional to gantry speed. For ITVRLL, DSC were 0.70 and 0.68, Hausdorff distances were 6.11 and 5.69 mm, and COM deviations were 1.24 and 4.77 mm, for Ave-IP and MIP respectively. For ITVLLL, DSC were 0.64 and 0.75, Hausdorff distances were 10.74 and 8.00 mm, and COM deviations were 7.55 and 4.3 mm, for Ave-IP and MIP respectively. Conclusion: While the dosimetric output of 4D-CBCT is low, characterization is necessary to assure clinical optimization. A basic workflow for comparison of simulation and treatment 4D image-based contours was established. This work was partially supported by a Research Scholar Grant (RSG-15-137-01-CCE) from the American Cancer Society.
Interpreting Research on Language Learning in Study Abroad

As a seasoned language educator, looking back on my own study abroad in France I see a period of intense language socialization. At work on the Lunes’ family farm, my only opportunity to use English was in attempting to translate the lyrics of a Patti Smith album for one of the farmhands, a would-be punk rocker. Once, someone mentioned some Anglais who had purchased a summer home on the other side of the mountain, but we never went there. The Lunes owned the sole telephone in the village, used mostly by the elder villagers who shouted into it as if it were a tin can on a string. I entertained voluminous correspondence by letter with my parents and long-term friends, but called home only once that year, after standing on line at the post office, to make sure no one had been injured or sickened by radiation leaks from the Three Mile Island nuclear plant. If I wanted something, most of the time I had to figure out how to ask for in French. If I wanted to eat, it was going to be celeriac remoulade ox pot au feu and not peanut butter or salsa. If I wanted to know what was going on in the news, I had to rely on local media sources. If I wanted to interact with most of the people around me, I had to craft a French-mediated identity based on what I had observed through close contact with French people.
Cosmonation: The Rise of the Multisite Nation

This chapter frames the theoretical underpinnings of the project in an attempt to explain the factors that gave rise to the cosmonation, focusing on and privileging the homeland–diaspora and diaspora–diaspora angle. It proposes a different way of positioning the analysis in order to avoid falling into the trap of “methodological nationalism” (Wimmer and Schiller, International Migration Review 37(3):576–610, 2003; Amelina, Anna, Devrimsel D. Negriz, Thomas Faist, and Nina Glick Schiller, eds., Beyond methodological nationalism: Research methodologies for cross-border studies, New York: Routledge, 2012) and explains the importance of analyzing cosmonational structure in light of the different insights it provides. The evolution in the diaspora condition is discussed as a contributing factor in transforming the cosmonation into a tangible reality. Review of the debate in the literature that dissects different conceptions of the object of study is followed by an elaboration of how the cosmonational approach differs from previous explanations. The chapter further explains the mechanisms of the shift from nation to cosmonation, the genealogy of the formation of the cosmonation, what is at stake in cosmonation building, and the role of information technology in an effort to circumscribe the parameters of cosmonation identity. The chapter ends by discussing the development of a cosmonational approach that provides a theoretical framework to help explain the deployment of the multisite nation as a sui generis phenomenon.
College Major, Gender and Heterosexism Reconsidered Under More Controlled Conditions

ABSTRACT To test the hypothesis that under controlled conditions respondent's gender and college major are related to heterosexism, four groups (n = 40 each)–male psychology majors, female psychology majors, male non-psychology majors, and female non-psychology majors–were formed from an initial sample of convenience (N = 1,947) of urban university students. Respondents were matched for age, race, college level, closeness of relationships to lesbian and gay men, religious affiliation, and religious attendance. Each student was requested to complete the Herek Attitude Scale towards Lesbians and Gay Men and these scores were subjected to a three factor (2×2×2) mixed analysis of variance. The three factors were respondent's gender, respondent's college major, and target's gender with repeated measures on target's gender. A significant respondent's gender by target's gender F(1/156) = 50.59, p < .001 interaction was observed. Male respondent's attitude toward gay males was significantly more negative than tha...
Tropomyosin isoforms bias actin track selection by vertebrate myosin Va

Tropomyosin (Tpm) isoforms decorate actin with distinct spatial and temporal localization patterns in cells and thus may function to sort actomyosin processes by modifying the actin track affinity for specific myosin isoforms. We examined the effect of three Tpm isoforms on the ability of myosin Va (myoVa) to engage with actin in vitro in the absence or presence of the cargo adapter melanophilin (Mlph), which links myoVa to Rab27a-melanosomes for in vivo transport. We show that both the myosin motor domain and the cargo adapter Mlph, which has an actin-binding domain that acts as a tether, are sensitive to the Tpm isoform. Actin-Tpm3.1 and actin-Tpm1.8 were equal or better tracks compared to bare actin for myoVa-HMM based on event frequency, run length, and speed. The full-length myoVa-Mlph complex showed high-frequency engagement with actin-Tpm3.1 but not with actin-Tpm1.8. Actin-Tpm4.2 excluded both myoVa-HMM and full-length myoVa-Mlph from productive interactions. Of importance, Tpm3.1 is enriched in the dendritic protrusions and cortical actin of melanocytes, where myoVa-Mlph engages in melanosome transport. These results support the hypothesis that Tpm isoforms constitute an "actin-Tpm code" that allows for spatial and temporal sorting of actomyosin function in the cell.
Prevalence of Hypopigmented Macules

The prevalence of hypopigmented macules among 423 white individuals and their significance in the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis (TS) were evaluated at the University of Washington School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA.
Challenges and progresses of energy storage technology and its application in power systems

As a flexible power source, energy storage has many potential applications in renewable energy generation grid integration, power transmission and distribution, distributed generation, micro grid and ancillary services such as frequency regulation, etc. In this paper, the latest energy storage technology profile is analyzed and summarized, in terms of technology maturity, efficiency, scale, lifespan, cost and applications, taking into consideration their impact on the whole power system, including generation, transmission, distribution and utilization. The application scenarios of energy storage technologies are reviewed and investigated, and global and Chinese potential markets for energy storage applications are described. The challenges of large-scale energy storage application in power systems are presented from the aspect of technical and economic considerations. Meanwhile the development prospect of global energy storage market is forecasted, and application prospect of energy storage is analyzed.
Secure and Usable Enterprise Authentication: Lessons from the Field

More than 5.4 million Personal Identity Verification (PIV) and Common Access Cards (CAC) have been deployed to US government employees and contractors. These cards allow physical access to federal facilities, but their use to authenticate logical access to government information systems is uneven, with deployment rates across agencies ranging from 0 to 95 percent. Surveys of US Departments of Defense and Commerce employees show that using these smart cards for two-factor authentication results in improved usability and security. The authors argue that public-key infrastructure-based systems are likely to provide more secure and more usable authentication than other two-factor approaches, including combining strong passwords with a physical token such as a cell phone or time-based hardware identity device.
Adductor Canal Block for Knee Surgeries: An Emerging Analgesic Technique

In recent years, adductor canal block (ACB) has been introduced as an alternative for femoral nerve block with a great advantage of preserving or minimally reducing quadriceps strength. The technique is relatively easy and is performed under ultrasound guidance. Despite growing evidence regarding efficacy and safety of ACB following knee surgery, use of ACB is still limited to high volume orthopedic centers where trained anesthesiologists in regional anesthesia are available. In this editorial, we aim to briefly review current evidence about ACB.
The Grand Challenges of Social Welfare

Economic inequality has been a dominant issue in political arenas across the world, and has taken on a different picture as globalization is gained speed. Welfare states can modify the interplay of social and market forces in order to achieve greater equality in a society. A government can provide private goods such as education and healthcare services, important resource entrepreneurs. These and other services, combined with greater entrepreneurial activity, can help to reduce income inequality. However, the resources necessary for providing these services can be a challenge, particularly in developing countries which tend to face fewer sources of revenue, larger informal economies, and lower tax morale than developed countries.
Vitamins and Minerals in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Indiscriminate use of multivitamin/mineral supplements in the general population may be misguided, but patients with chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) should be monitored and compensated for nutritional deficiencies. Mechanistic links between vitamin/mineral deficiencies and IBD pathology has been found for some micronutrients and normalizing their levels is clinically beneficial. Others, like vitamin A, although instinctively desirable, produced disappointing results. Restoring normal levels of the selected micronutrients requires elevated doses to compensate for defects in absorptive or signaling mechanisms. This article describes some aspects of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in IBD, and summarizes pros and cons of supplementation.
Audience responses to online video in MENA: New favorite genres or just more of the same as on television?:

How do audiences in the Middle East and North Africa respond to the dramatic expansion of content offered with the advent of online video? Rapid internet adoption in the region signifies the latest expansion of content menus available to audiences since television. In this article, we determine who—as a consequence of this expansion—diversifies their content preferences online and on traditional television, and who maintains the same preferences, regardless of platform. To answer these questions, this study applies Everett Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory, using data from a large-scale survey on media use in the Middle East and North Africa. The results reveal: In the Middle East and North Africa in 2016, classic characteristics of innovators and early adopters are no longer significant predictors that one will be receptive to different genres of content online versus on television. Instead, more significant predictors are the television landscape in one’s country, being interested in new content o...
Abstract PD7-02: Value-based medicine: Are the 2013 guidelines for HER2 testing clinically significant and cost effective?

Background: In the U.S., around 252,710 new breast cancer cases will be diagnosed in the year 2017. About 15-20% of these patients will be candidates for treatment with Her-2 directed therapy. The College of American Pathologists (CAP) published initial guidelines for immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 2003 with revisions in 2007 and 2013. 2013 guidelines define 3+(positive) as >10% intense complete membrane staining similar to 2003; >30% complete in 2007. Equivocal 2+ category in 2013 includes incomplete staining > 10% for the first time; this was negative in 2003 and 2007. Hypothesis : The 2013 guidelines do not result in more true positives but increased equivocal cases resulting in clinical uncertainty and increased cost. Methods : A retrospective analysis was performed of all IHC and FISH testing done at a single institution with a single pathology reader from 2003-2016. Criteria for IHC and FISH positivity were followed for each time period and compared to one another for positive and negative HER2 expression. The equivocal categories than compared for outcome by FISH. Ultimate numbers for percentage in each category compared for statistical significance. Results: When further analysis was carried out, period 1 and 2 were added together and compared to period 3. When all positives and negatives were compared, there was no statistical difference between the periods. However in the equivocal category, Period 1 and 2 were statistically different than period 3. In fact the only change in period 3 was the increase in the equivocal cases (same case-equivocal IHC and FISH). Conclusion: In the 2013 CAP guidelines, 2+ IHC now includes incomplete staining in >10% of cells. This does not result in more positive cases as was the intention but an increase in the equivocal category by 8.19%. This adds to clinical uncertainty as to how to treat this group of patients. A send out for FISH is labor intensive, slow and costs on average of $650/case. With over 250,000 new cases expected this year in the U.S. this cost exceeds $13million. From all our data, the best parameters for IHC testing would be; positive-strong, complete staining in >10% cells and equivocal to eliminate the incomplete staining category. This would yield the highest number of true positives by FISH and almost eliminate ultimate equivocal cases. Citation Format: Sharma A, Vadehra D, Talal K, Hegde P, Wu R, Tannenbaum S. Value-based medicine: Are the 2013 guidelines for HER2 testing clinically significant and cost effective? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD7-02.
Hypoglycemia as a complication of intravenous insulin to treat hyperkalemia in the emergency department.

Abstract Introduction Complications associated with the emergency department (ED) management of hyperkalemia are not well characterized. The goals of this study were to describe the frequency of hypoglycemia following the use of insulin to shift potassium intracellularly and to examine the association of key variables with this complication. Methods Adult ED patients (≥18 years old) with hyperkalemia (>5.3 mmol/L) were identified in the electronic medical record over a 5-year period at the study site. Patient characteristics, laboratory results, and treatments in the ED were captured. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was utilized to determine independent associations with the development of hypoglycemia. Results 1307 encounters were identified where hyperkalemia was present. Hypoglycemia (defined as a glucose Conclusion Hypoglycemia is a frequent complication of treatment with IV insulin in the ED. Interventions such as standardized protocols to assist with the ED management of hyperkalemia should be developed; their efficacy and safety should be compared.
Upregulation of CD80 on Glomerular Podocytes Plays an Important Role in Development of Proteinuria Following Pig-To-Baboon Xeno-Renal Transplantation - An Experimental Study

We have previously reported that co-transplantation of the kidney with vascularized donor thymus from α-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knockout pigs with an anti-CD154 with rituximab-based regimen led to improved xenograft survival in baboons with donor-specific unresponsiveness. However, nephrotic syndrome emerged as a complication in which the glomeruli showed mild mesangial expansion with similarities to minimal change disease (MCD) in humans. Since MCD is associated with CD80 expression in glomeruli and elevated urinary excretion, we evaluated a potential role for CD80 in xenograft nephropathy. Study 1 confirmed high urinary CD80 excretion in nephrotic animals with renal xenografts showing CD80 expression in glomeruli. In Study 2, baboons receiving xenografts received CTLA4-Ig once a week from the second postoperative week or no CTLA4-Ig. The non-CTLA4-Ig group developed severe proteinuria with modest mesangial expansion with high urinary excretion of CD80 and documented CD80 expression in glomerular podocytes. All of the recipients in non-CTLA4-Ig groups had to be euthanized before POD 60. In contrast, CTLA4-Ig group showed a marked reduction in proteinuria and survived significantly longer, up to 193 days. These results demonstrate that anti-CD80 targeted therapy represents a promising strategy for reduction of proteinuria following renal xeno-transplantation with improved survival.
Conditioned enhancement of flavor evaluation reinforced by intragastric glucose: I ☆: Intake acceptance and preference analysis

Abstract Rats acquire strong preferences for flavors that are paired with intragastric (IG) glucose infusions. The present study assessed the magnitude of this nutrient-conditioned change in flavor evaluation by comparing the strength of the rats' conditioned preference to their unconditioned preference for the sweet taste of sugar. Food-restricted rats were first trained (20 h/day) to associate one flavor (CS+) with IG 16% glucose infusions and another flavor (CS−) with IG water infusions. Then, in a series of 30 min/day two-bottle tests, the CS+ and CS− were separately offered in a choice vs. fructose of varying concentrations. The CS− was preferred to 2% fructose, but not 4% fructose. The CS+ was preferred to 2%, 4%, and 8% fructose and was isopreferred to 16% fructose. This CS+ vs. fructose preference profile was replicated and found to be independent of deprivation state. The intake-stimulating efficacy of the CS+ flavor and of fructose taste was also compared in one-bottle sham-feeding tests. Intakes of CS+ and of 16% fructose increased by similar amounts in the first sham-feeding test. However, with repeated testing, fructose intake continued to increase, whereas CS+ intake declined. This profile suggests extinction of the conditioned satiation response to fructose and extinction of the conditioned acceptance response to the CS+, respectively. These findings provide novel evidence for a robust learned shift in flavor evaluation reinforced by the postingestive actions of glucose.
The Art of Urbanism:A Practice Primer

The city is our canvas, and we are all urban artists. As anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss suggests, cities can be great works of art as people skillfully and lovingly shape them over time. Beyond two- and three-dimensional art, the places we live are 4-D, including the fourth dimension of human experience in space and time. Good urbanism regards our places as potential masterpieces co-created by all and for all to appreciate. The art of urbanism refers to (1) the city as a work of art (a product) and (2) the art of making cities (a process).
The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines on Treating Blood Cholesterol and Assessing Cardiovascular Risk: A Busy Practitioner’s Guide

The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults and Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk were released in mid-November 2013. This article explains the guidelines, the risk equations, and their derivations, and addresses criticisms so that practicing physicians may be more comfortable in using the guidelines and the risk equations to inform patients of their atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk and choices to reduce that risk. The article also addresses patient concerns about statin safety if lifestyle changes have been insufficient to reduce their risk.
A Tabu Search Based Heuristic Method for the Transit Route Network Design Problem

Systematic tabu search based meta-heuristic algorithms are designed and implemented for the transit route network design problem. A multi-objective nonlinear mixed integer model is formulated. Solution methodologies based on three variations of tabu search methods are proposed and tested using a small experimental network as a pilot study. Sensitivity analysis is performed, a comprehensive characteristics analysis is conducted and numerical results indicate that the preferred tabu search method outperforms the genetic algorithm used as a benchmark.
Image-Guided Nephrostomy Interventions: How to Recognize, Avoid, or Get Out of Trouble

Image-guided percutaneous nephrostomy is a relatively safe and successful procedure for access to the renal collecting system for multiple purposes including relief of urinary obstruction, urinary diversion, access for endourologic procedures, and diagnostic testing. Although placing a percutaneous nephrostomy catheter is most times straightforward, providing immediate benefit for the patient and satisfaction for the practitioner, there can be situations that make the procedure more difficult or risky. A thorough review of the patient's imaging and medical record will help to set a path for success. However, there may be innuendos and unforeseen circumstances that occur. Having knowledge of most of these "stumbling blocks" and how to deal with them will keep you on the path. This paper serves to fill some of that mental file with the aim to increase clinical success.
The Shikani HME: A New Tracheostomy Heat and Moisture Exchanger

Purpose Tracheostomy patients face many adversities including loss of phonation and essential airway functions including air filtering, warming, and humidification. Heat and moisture exchangers (HM...
Wild black bears harbor simple gut microbial communities with little difference between the jejunum and colon

The gut microbiome (GMB), comprising the commensal microbial communities located in the gastrointestinal tract, has co-evolved in mammals to perform countless micro-ecosystem services to facilitate physiological functions. Because of the complex inter-relationship between mammals and their gut microbes, the number of studies addressing the role of the GMB on mammalian health is almost exclusively limited to human studies and model organisms. Furthermore, much of our knowledge of wildlife-GMB relationships is based on studies of colonic GMB communities derived from the feces of captive specimens, leaving our understanding of the GMB in wildlife limited. To better understand wildlife-GMB relationships, we engaged hunters as citizen scientists to collect biological samples from legally harvested black bears (Ursus americanus) and used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize wild black bear GMB communities in the colon and jejunum, two functionally distinct regions of the gastrointestinal tract. We determined that the jejunum and colon of black bears do not harbor significantly different GMB communities: both gastrointestinal sites were dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. However, a number of bacteria were differentially enriched in each site, with the colon harboring twice as many enriched taxa, primarily from closely related lineages.
Trans men’s pathways to incarceration

In this study, we examine trans men’s pathways to incarceration, through the lens of feminist criminology, specifically pathways perspective, intersectionality, and queer criminology. We extend the...
Trends of risk profile among middle-aged adults hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke in United States 2006–2017:

BackgroundRecent studies reported increasing trends in hospitalization of stroke patients aged 35–64 years.AimTo examine changes in risk factor profiles among patients aged 35–64 years hospitalized...
Disability and the Work of Performance in Early Modern England

In early modern England, nascent capitalism put increasing pressure on one’s ability to work. Disability became the boundary that defined the worker’s body, with physical impairment understood as the only legitimate exemption from productive labor. This exemption from work sharpened suspicion about the disabled body since it heightened fears of able-bodied people feigning disability in order to gain “undeserved” compensation from the state and charity from individuals. The result was that genuinely disabled people were required to performatively display their impairments in order to affirm those impairments’ authenticity. Performance became the work of disability, ironically demanded out of fear of performative disability. This chapter traces out the circular relationship between disability’s performance and disability’s work. It also explores the complications that this relationship created for the burgeoning professional theater in England. Using Thomas Dekker’s Shoemaker’s Holiday as an example, I explore how the theater’s representation of disability reveals both the work of performance assigned to people with disabilities and the way in which the theater negotiated and regulated that performance as they attempted to legitimate their own performative work.
0048 Visio-vestibular function of pediatric patients presenting with the first concussion vs. a recurrent concussion

Statement of purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate visio-vestibular examination (VVE) outcomes in high school-aged patients presenting with their first concussion vs. recurrent concussion. Methods/Approach This study was performed by querying data collected prospectively in the electronic health record for patients aged 14–18 years old presenting for their initial injury visit to specialty concussion care centers within 28 days of injury between January 2018 and August 2020. Demographic information including lifetime concussions were self-reported prior to the start of the exam. The VVE consisted of 9 maneuvers: smooth pursuit, horizontal/vertical saccades and gaze stability, binocular convergence, left/right monocular accommodation, and complex tandem gait. Primary outcomes included self-reported lifetime concussions (1 vs. 2+), VVE subtests (normal/abnormal for each), and total VVE score (abnormal= 2+ abnormal subtests). A multivariable logistic regression was employed to determine if recurrent concussion was associated with abnormal VVE outcomes while controlling for age. Results One thousand fifty-two patients were included in analysis (age=15.6±1.2 years). Five hundred and nineteen (49.3%) presented with a recurrent concussion (median lifetime concussions=3, IQR=2,3). When controlling for age, there were no significant associations between first vs. recurrent concussion and VVE outcome on any of the 9 subtests or total VVE score (P>0.05). Conclusion First vs. recurrent concussion is not associated with abnormal VVE outcomes in high school-aged patients. Our findings suggest that patients with a concussion history present with similar visio-vestibular function to those with no concussion history at initial visit following injury. Significance Recurrent concussions have been associated with cumulative clinical deficits and longer recovery in collegiate athletes. This study provides novel insight into the initial presentation of pediatric concussion patients with and without a previous concussion history. Additionally, our study adds formative data regarding cumulative clinical effects of concussion in younger athletes.
Synapomorphic features of hepatic and pulmonary vasculatures include comparable purinergic signaling responses in host defense and modulation of inflammation

Hepatosplanchnic and pulmonary vasculatures constitute synapomorphic, highly comparable networks integrated with the external environment. Given functionality related to obligatory requirements of ...
Keynote: Ethics in AI – A Challenging Task

In the first part we cover five current specific challenges through examples: (1) discrimination (e.g., facial recognition, justice, sharing economy, language models); (2) phrenology (e.g., biometric based predictions); (3) unfair digital commerce (e.g., exposure and popularity bias); (4) stupid models (e.g., Signal, minimal adversarial AI) and (5) indiscriminated use of computing resources (e.g., large language models). These examples do have a personal bias but set the context for the second part where we address four generic challenges: (1) too many principles (e.g., principles vs. techniques), (2) cultural differences (e.g., Christian vs. Muslim); (3) government regulation (e.g., privacy, antitrust) and (4) our cognitive biases. We finish discussing what we can do to address these challenges in the near future.
Acoustic Microscopy Using Amplitude and Phase Measurements

We have built a low-frequency scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) that measures both amplitude and phase. The majority of SAMs simply measure the amplitude of the reflected signal. Measuring the phase gives a great deal more information. For one thing, the phase is very sensitive to height variations. Measuring the phase also gives us the ability to do signal processing on the resulting images, such as removing the effects of surface features from defocused images of subsurface defects.
The relationship between pelvic cross syndrome and chronic low back pain

Objective: Specific patterns of muscle impairments, known as Pelvic Cross Syndrome (PCS), in the lumbo-pelvic region have been attributed to causing chronic Low Back Pain (LBP). In PCS, based on their primary functions, muscles are categorized as "postural" or "phasic", and it has been assumed that phasic (abdominal and gluteal muscle weakness) or postural (decreased flexibility in the hip flexor and back extensor) muscle impairments could lead to an exaggerated Lumbar Lordosis (LL), which in turn might cause chronic low back pain. PCS theory also indicates that exaggerated lordosis in impaired subjects is controlled by hamstring muscle shortening. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among Pelvic Cross Syndrome, degree of lumbar lordosis and chronic low back pain. Design: A total of 600 subjects between the ages of 20 and 65 were selected. Subjects were categorized into four groups of males and females with and without low back pain. The degree of LL, the strength of abdominal and gluteal muscles and the extensibility of iliopsoas, erector spine, and hamstring muscles were measured in each group. The cut-off values obtained from Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to categorize subjects as having weak or short muscles in accordance with the PCS assumptions. The degree of lumbar lordosis in subjects with and without patterns of muscle impairments, and the association between lumbar lordosis and low back pain and the effects of hamstring muscle length on lordosis were assessed. Results: The results of this study showed no significant difference in the degree of LL in subjects with and without patterns of muscle impairment, or in subjects with and without LBP, or in those with and without short hamstring muscles. However, a significant difference in the strength of abdominal and gluteal; and in the length of hip flexor and hamstring muscles was found between subjects with and without LBP. Conclusions: The findings of this study did not support the assumptions of the PCS theory that certain patterns of muscle impairment would lead to exaggerated LL and LBP. Our data indicated that certain muscle impairments could contribute to chronic LBP, but probably not via changing the degree of lumbar lordosis as has been proposed in PCS theory.
Information technologies and the

The evolution in the role of middlemen has many important implications at the macro-economic level as well. In many markets, the negative employment effects of labor-saving technologies are offset by increases in the demand for labor as transaction costs fall and additional labor is needed to produce more goods and services. As discussed above, middlemen operate successfully in markets when private transactions are costly and inefficiencies exist. Many traditional aspects of this role are being replaced by information technologies. Generally, information technologies are a close substitute for match-making services, but are less suited for reducing privately held asymmetric information. The reduction in transaction costs and improved efficiencies in match mak-ing provided by information technologies increases the demand for expert services which further increases the returns to education and widens the earnings gap. The widening should be greatest in industries that concentrate on match-making services such as real estate, however a widening is likely to be present in most sectors. Middle-men with expertise beyond match making will remain viable, while those lacking value-adding expertise will be rapidly marginalized.
Kansas State robotics

The Computing and Information Sciences Department at Kansas State University has developed a software control laboratory for the purpose of exposing undergraduate students to the problems of developing software on real, moving equipment. The equipment in the laboratory consists of two Nomad200 robots and two Scout robots from Nomadic Technology, Inc. The main use of the equipment is in a capstone, two-semester software engineering sequence. In this course, selected teams of students develop software to control the robot in tasks such as maze running, object identification or environment mapping. In the last few AAAI robotic contests, the tasks have been similar to projects in the course.
The Politics of Teacher Evaluation: A Case Study of New System Design and Implementation

The purpose of this article is to describe the political aspects of the implementation of a new teacher evaluation system through the means of an observational case study. Designing and implementing a systemwide reform such as that involved in a new teacher evaluation system often is emotionally laden and politically challenging. Technical expertise is required in defining what constitutes good teaching and selecting appropriate methods for collecting accurate data. Equally important, however, is a sophisticated political understanding of how to structure the development and implementation processes to optimize the support of various stakeholders for the new evaluation system. In addition to describing the phenomenon, policy and practice recommendations will be offered to facilitate the negotiation of such a change.
Show and Rumor: The Worldly Scales in Balzac's Eugénie Grandet

Several critics, most notably Maurice Bardeche in his Balzac Romancier, have analyzed the dramatic structure of Eugenie Grandet to show the manner in which Balzac fulfilled his promise of raising the trivial and the ordinary to the level of tragedy by juxtaposition of characters, skillful management of properties, and careful interweaving of scenes. I should like to reconsider some instances of explicit staging and dramatization in the novel to illustrate how show or spectacle itself becomes motif, and how a pattern of rumor, generally attuned to show, serves Balzac to establish a scale on which his protagonists' actual worth can be distinguished from the multitude of assumptions made about it. To demonstrate the grandeur of little people, as he set out to do, and to show the poetry of life in the provinces that simply flows by, in contrast to Paris where it happens, Balzac had to indicate degrees of superiority and set moral gradations opposite social and economic estimates. He suggested a literal scale on which his heroine ascends to heaven in the end and on which gravitational pull determines relative positions. But he also relied on conventional Platonism to make action appear as the imitation of successive models, all removed from truth. The h'igh and low points—Heaven and Earth, Truth and everyday "Reality"—correspond on the scales. But intermediate positions do not, and estimates vary considerably. Staging could suggest an appropriate perspective and underline sham.