cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyclometalated iridium–BODIPY ratiometric O2 sensors

Here we introduce a new class of ratiometric O2 sensors for hypoxic environments. Two-component structures composed of phosphorescent cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes and the well-known organic fluorophore BODIPY have been prepared by the 1 : 1 reaction of bis-cyclometalated iridium synthons with pyridyl-substituted BODIPY compounds. Two different cyclometalating ligands are used, which determine the relative energies of the iridium-centered and BODIPY-centered excited states, and the nature of the linker between iridium and BODIPY also has a small influence on the photoluminescence. Some of the conjugates exhibit dual emission, with significant phosphorescence from the iridium site and fluorescence from the BODIPY, and thus function as ratiometric oxygen sensors. Oxygen quenching experiments demonstrate that as O2 is added the phosphorescence is quenched while the fluorescence is unaffected, with dynamic ranges that are well suited for hypoxic sensing (pO2 < 160 mmHg).
Hierarchical convolutional network for sparse-view X-ray CT reconstruction

We present a hierarchical imaging reconstruction algorithm for a 3D phase tomography based on the densely extracted features on a multi-band pyramid of convolutional network. By implementing a layer-wise hierarchical machine learning network and combine different bands of information for the imaging retrieval, a more efficient and adaptive learning strategy is established to enable an accurate reconstruction with fewer training data and improved accuracy. In addition, the distinction of intensity and spectral bands in the feature training process enables bias correction for reconstruction under varied conditions. In particular, we demonstrate a robust imaging reconstruction for a sparse-view phase tomography application, where spectrally biased phase diffraction and intensity-biased photon noise are both successfully corrected for.
A Short Apocalyptic Text Based on the Prophecy of Ezra (Esdras Salathiel)

The main themes of the text, occasionally ascribed to Ezra (Salathiel), are the Second Coming of Jesus Christ, the end of the world, the future rulers of Ethiopia, and the honouring of the Sabbaths. It is cast in the spirit of 4 Ezra, quoting it and Jubilees occasionally and extensively. As in 4 Ezra, its author is interested in knowing and declaring the future to call the faithful to observe the law and the ordinances. Reckoning the time by cycles, aqmar, provides him the revelation of future events ‘with exact dates’. The text, composed before the sixteenth century, is one more source of Gǝʿǝz apocalyptic literature. The article is an edition and translation of it as preserved in EMML 6429, fols 9v–39r.
High Rates of Positive Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Screening Among Newborns with Severe Intestinal Failure.

PURPOSE Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) screening by T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) has been part of Massachusetts routine newborn screening since 2009. Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A gene (TTC7A) mutations responsible for hereditary multiple intestinal atresia with combined immunodeficiency (MIA-CID) were also recently identified. We reviewed newborn SCID screening among infants with intestinal failure and correlated results with patient characteristics and outcomes. METHODS Records of infants with severe intestinal failure and available newborn screen results treated at a single center 2009-2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with 1 or more positive SCID screens ( 1500 cells/mcL. MIA-CID patients had the lowest serum citrulline in the cohort; 4 of the 8 patients with CD3+ <1500 cells/mcL on flow cytometry had newborn screening notable for severe hypocitrullinemia (<3 μM). CONCLUSION Infants with intestinal failure have lower TREC copies/μL than the general population; one-third had levels concerning for SCID, and 11% were diagnosed with severe T-cell lymphopenia. The clinical implications and etiology of this phenomenon remain unknown, but may be related to hypocitrullinemia.
Estimation of Central Aortic Pressure Waveform by Mathematical Transformation of Radial Tonometry Pressure Validation of Generalized Transfer Function

Background Central aortic pressures and waveform convey important information about cardiovascular status, but direct measurements are invasive. Peripheral pressures can be measured noninvasively, and although they often differ substantially from central pressures, they may be mathematically transformed to approximate the latter. We tested this approach, examining intersubject and intrasubject variability and the validity of using a single averaged transformation, which would enhance its applicability. Methods and Results Invasive central aortic pressure by micromanometer and radial pressure by automated tonometry were measured in 20 patients at steady state and during hemodynamic transients (Valsalva maneuver, abdominal compression, nitroglycerin, or vena caval obstruction). For each patient, transfer functions (TFs) between aortic and radial pressures were calculated by parametric model and results averaged to yield individual TFs. A generalized TF was the average of individual functions. TFs varied among patients, with coefficients of variation for peak amplitude and frequency at peak amplitude of 24.9% and 16.9%, respectively. Intrapatient TF variance with altered loading (>20% variation in peak amplitude) was observed in 28.5% of patients. Despite this, the generalized TF estimated central arterial pressures to ≤0.2±3.8 mm Hg error, arterial compliance to 6±7% accuracy, and augmentation index to within −7% points (30±45% accuracy). Individual TFs were only marginally superior to the generalized TF for reconstructing central pressures. Conclusions Central aortic pressures can be accurately estimated from radial tonometry with the use of a generalized TF. The reconstructed waveform can provide arterial compliance estimates but may underestimate the augmentation index because the latter requires greater fidelity reproduction of the wave contour.
Ci-sna cis-Regulation of Ascidian Tail Muscle Genes

The B4.1 blastomeres of 8-cell ascidian embryos inherit maternal determinants that specify autonomous differentiation of most tadpole muscles. As a step towards identifying this determinants), we analyzed the upstream cis-regulatory region of the Ciona snail gene (Ci-sna), which is expressed in derivatives of the B4.1 blastomere at the 32-cell stage of embryogenesis. Expression persists in differentiating muscle cells during gastrulation, neurulation, and tail-bud formation. We present evidence showing that: 1) Ci-sna induction in the primary and secondary muscle lineages depends on separate ds-regulatory sequences; 2) expression in the B4.1 lineage depends on a 262 bp enhancer containing three AC-core E-boxes and three T-box binding motifs; 3) CiVegTR is a maternal, vegetally-localized T-box gene that encodes a regulatory protein which binds to critical T-box motifs in the Ci-sna enhancer, and 4) similar E-box and T-box motifs are conserved in the promoters of a number of different tail muscle genes in Halocynthia.
Mu Opioid Receptor Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Luteinizing Hormone Axis during Short-Term Food Deprivation: Role of Alpha1-Adrenoreceptor Signaling.

Objectives Brain bio-energetic stability is required for optimal gonadal steroid positive-feedback activation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I)-pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) neuroendocrine axis. Caudal hindbrain metabolic-sensory noradrenergic neurons counter energy deficiency by curtailing the mid-cycle LH surge. Central mu opioid receptors (mu-R) impose inhibitory effects of diverse physiological stimuli, including stress, on LH. Design/material and methods To address the premise that mu-R attenuate the LH surge due to metabolic stress of food deprivation (FD), this study examined impacts of lateral ventricular administration of the selective mu-R antagonist CTOP on FD-associated patterns of GnRH-I protein expression and LH release in estradiol-primed ovariectomized female rats. Results FD caused CTOP-reversible reductions in circulating LH and in micropunch-dissected neural tissue GnRH-I and upstream neurotransmitter (kisspeptin)/biosynthetic enzyme (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) protein content. FD up-regulated mu-R protein expression in reproduction-relevant preoptic structures, e.g. anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) and medial preoptic (MPN) nuclei, responses that were abolished by the alpha1-adrenergic receptor (α1A-R) inverse agonist prazosin. Conclusions Current data implicate mu-R in FD attenuation of the E positive-feedback - induced LH surge. Results imply that FD-triggered noradrenergic input to the GnRH-I/LH axis acts in part to enhance reproductive neuroendocrine sensitivity to mu-R inhibition. Further studies are needed to characterize the neurochemical phenotype of AVPV and MPN neurons that express α1A- and/or mu-R, and to determine how these cells are organized within regulatory pathways to impose FD restraint of GnRH-1.
People With Disabilities in COVID-19: Fixing Our Priorities.

While the COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked disproportionate havoc in marginalized racial/ethnic communities, little attention has been given to people with disabilities in the press, public health sur...
Shortwave-infrared meso-patterned imaging enables label-free mapping of tissue water and lipid content.

Water and lipids are key participants in many biological processes, but there are few non-invasive methods that provide quantification of these components in vivo, and none that can isolate and quantify lipids in the blood. Here we develop a new imaging modality termed shortwave infrared meso-patterned imaging (SWIR-MPI) to provide label-free, non-contact, spatial mapping of water and lipid concentrations in tissue. The method utilizes patterned hyperspectral illumination to target chromophore absorption bands in the 900–1,300 nm wavelength range. We use SWIR-MPI to monitor clinically important physiological processes including edema, inflammation, and tumor lipid heterogeneity in preclinical models. We also show that SWIR-MPI can spatially map blood-lipids in humans, representing an example of non-invasive and contact-free measurements of in vivo blood lipids. Together, these results highlight the potential of SWIR-MPI to enable new capabilities in fundamental studies and clinical monitoring of major conditions including obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Quantifying lipid and water content in tissues non-invasively is difficult, and no method exists to quantify lipids in blood non-invasively. Here the authors develop an imaging approach called shortwave infrared meso-patterned imaging (SWIR-MPI) to detect and spatially map tissue water and lipids in preclinical models.
The Protégé Nitinol Self-Expanding Stent for the Treatment of Iliofemoral Veno-Occlusive Disease

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Protege nitinol self-expanding stent for the treatment of iliofemoral veno-occlusive disease. A retrospective review was performed of 376 (284 left, 92 right) Protege stents in 212 limbs of 183 patients (mean age: 53 ± 17 years, 52% female) treated for iliofemoral veno-occlusive disease between 2011 and 2018. Binary patency was assessed with duplex ultrasound and calculated by Kaplan Meier analysis. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by clinical-etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology (CEAP) classification and Villalta scores. Adverse events were recorded and categorized per Society of Interventional Radiology reporting standards. Of the 212 limbs, 125 presented with acute thrombosis and 28 with chronic thrombosis requiring thrombectomy (n = 44), catheter directed thrombolysis (n = 32), or both (n = 77). Fifty-nine limbs were non-thrombotic. Mean follow-up time was 11.44 ± 11.37 months. Kaplan Meier analysis revealed a primary limb-level patency of 92.3%, 88.6%, 86.9% and 86.9% at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months, respectively. CEAP and Villalta scores improved from a median of C3 (range: 0–6) to C1 (0–5) (p < 0.001) and from a mean of 13.4 ± 7.5 to 5.3 ± 4.9 (p < 0.001), respectively. Nine minor and 2 major adverse events were recorded. Endovascular treatment of iliofemoral veno-occlusive disease with the Protege self-expanding stent appears to have good mid-term patency. Level 4, Case Series
Structure area curves in Eastern Hardwoods: implications for minimum plot sizes to capture spatially explicit structure indices

Sampling needs differ by forest type for timber inventory and structural complexity metrics. We demonstrate in a typical mixed Eastern Hardwoods forest that optimal sampling of timber inventory metrics and spatially explicit structure indices may be achieved in one large plot plus a cruise for large diameter trees, but accurately capturing inventory metrics may not be possible with sparse large-scale sampling. Managing forest stand structures for multiple objectives require accurate and precise estimates of structural features that may be best estimated at different scales. We document minimum necessary plot sizes for structural metrics and spatially explicit indices to characterize structure in a mature North American Eastern hardwoods forest. Metrics and indices (Index of Aggregation, Diameter Differentiation Index, Dissimilarity Coefficient, Structural Complexity Index) were calculated within 0.05–1.75-ha plots for 1000 iterations of random placement in two 2.0-ha macroplots. Estimation adequacy required (1) precision (varied < 10% among plots) and (2) accuracy (within 10% of the 2.0-ha value at 5th and 95th percentiles). Minimum single plot sizes to achieve estimation adequacy were 0.25–0.75 ha for spatially explicit indices and 0.5–2 ha for stand metrics. A minimum of five 0.10-ha subplots would be needed for most indices and 6–25 for most metrics, but an untenable 375+ for the density of large diameter trees. Estimation adequacy for structural complexity requires no greater sampling intensity than for timber metrics, except for density of large trees. A single large plot may be most cost-effective. National inventories in Eastern hardwoods may not estimate structural complexity well due to inadequate sampling intensity.
Ground Theory: A Focus Group Study on Bullying and the Political Process (Summer 2019)

Workplace bullying is an ongoing topic of discussion which surfaces in conversations surrounding bullying. Bullying is not only a workplace issue but more seriously concerning, it is a problematic issue in the school systems across the United States. Cyberbullying has now replaced face to face bullying for American citizens both young and old. In cyberbullying, the bully can disguise themselves behind a cyber wall versus targeting an individual in person and doing so by just a few clicks of a button. With one push of the button, the bullying message containing derogatory and humiliating words are displayed to millions of people at one time. Similarly, bullying at the political realm has risen to a new level whereby the victims are being targeted in front of millions of viewers, I wish to explore the effects here through a focus group study.
Outbreaks and Outgroups: Three Tests of the Relationship Between Disease Avoidance Motives and Xenophobia During an Emerging Pandemic.

Given the persistent threat posed by infectious disease throughout human history, people have a sophisticated suite of cognitive and behavioral strategies designed to mitigate exposure to disease vectors. Previous research suggests that one such strategy is avoidance of unfamiliar outgroup members. We thus examined the relationship between dispositional worry about disease and support for COVID-19-related travel bans across three preregistered studies (N = 764) conducted at the outset of the pandemic in the United States and Singapore. Americans higher in Perceived Infectability were more supportive of travel bans, whereas Singaporeans higher in Germ Aversion were more supportive of travel bans. In Study 2, priming saliency of the pandemic increased support for travel bans from high (but not low) pandemic-risk countries. This prime did not increase general xenophobia. These results are consistent with threat-specific perspectives of outgroup avoidance, and provide an ecologically-valid test of the implications of perceived disease threat for policy-related attitudes and decision-making.
LAB Theory, HLAB Pedagogy, and Review of Laboratory Learning in Chemistry during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The role and efficacy of the laboratory in chemical education have recently been a subject of renewed discussion as researchers are called upon to address the question of whether laboratory education lives up to expectations. The COVID-19 pandemic, which forced most of the global student population to temporarily adopt remote learning, offers an unparalleled case study to investigate types of outcomes resulting from a variety of adjustments made to laboratory education. This scoping review article focuses on the reports of laboratory learning in chemistry and closely related disciplines during COVID-19 to analyze the types of adjustments made to laboratory curricula and the immediate effect of these adjustments on students. The aggregated findings suggest that a lack of hands-on laboratory experience was detrimental to certain types of learning and engagement but that other types of learning were successfully achieved remotely. For researchers, departments, and university administrators, the differentiation in these findings could help inform the ongoing discussion about the future of laboratory education. For instructors and student support staff, the findings indicate potential areas of deficiency and strength for the COVID-19 student cohort going forward. Finally, a laboratory learning theory and pedagogy are proposed to guide the use of the laboratory in chemical education and potentially in other laboratory-based sciences as well.
SOCIOMEDICAL AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN FETAL MEDICINE

Freud, in his despairing lament on progress and modernity, Civilization and Its Discontents, asked: Why should he be grateful for the advances in transportation and communication that enabled him to be in touch with loved ones at a distance when, without such technological advances, his loved ones would never have had either the capacity or the motivation to leave the family circle in the first place?1 In the 50-plus years since the original publication of Freud’s essay, our own awareness of the perils of progress has only deepened. The arena where our own ambivalence about technologic advance is the most apparent is the medical arena. At every turn, we are dazzled by new capacities and, at the same time, confused about how to apply them in ways that augment rather than shrink our humanity. To reask Freud’s question in a slightly altered form: Why be grateful for the ability to prolong life, if, by so doing, we only increase suffering?
The Arts of War

(1942). The Arts of War. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 469-493.
Gene-specific DNA repair in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation groups A, C, D, and F. Relation to cellular survival and clinical features.

We have examined the gene- and strand-specific DNA repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in fibroblasts from normal individuals and from patients with the DNA repair-deficient disorder xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). Cells were studied from XP complementation groups A, C, D, and F. DNA repair was assessed in the essential, active gene, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), in the active c-myc protooncogene, and in the transcriptionally inactive delta-globin gene. In addition, repair was studied in the individual strands of the DHFR gene in normal and group C cells. In the two strains of group C cells, we find preferential DNA repair of the DHFR gene and a strand bias of the repair with more repair in the transcribed strand. This is in general accordance with previously published reports (Venema, J., van Hoffen, A., Natarajan, A.T., van Zeeland, A.A., and Mullenders, L.H.F. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 443-448; Venema, J., van Hoffen, A., and Mullenders, L.H.F. (1991) Mol. Cell. Biol. 11, 4128-4134), but we now find that there is more repair in the nontranscribed strand and less in the transcribed strand than what has been observed previously. In XP group A and D strains, we find little or no gene-specific DNA repair. In cells from an individual in XP complementation group F, we find less repair of dimers in the active gene than what has been observed for the overall genome. We have also measured the colony-forming ability of the strains after treatment with UV and find that this measure of survival does not correlate with the level of gene-specific repair of dimers. Thus, XP group F represents a novel repair phenotype with little or no gene-specific repair of dimers, but with relatively high UV resistance. We also evaluate the XP patients' clinical features in relation to gene-specific repair of dimers.
Evidence for a hard equation of state in the cores of neutron stars

The equation of state for matter with energy density above 2 × 10 14 gm/cm 3 is parametrized by P = kN , where N is the number density, is the adiabatic index, and k a constant. Using this scheme to generate thousands of models, together with data on neutron star masses, it is found, for a core region with constant adiabatic index, that the central density must satisfy 10 15 gm/cm 3 2.2. Further preliminary results indicate, based on the observed neutrino flux from supernova 1987a, that this number must be considerably higher, on the order of 3.5. These results provide evidence for a hard equation of state in the cores of neutron stars. Author’s note: This paper was originally submitted to the Astrophysical Journal circa 1995. It is uploaded here by request of new authors who are currently exploring the use of a similar parameterization scheme for similar purposes. The figures and tables referred to in the paper are no longer available.
A Critical Role of the Strychnine-Sensitive Glycinergic System in Spontaneous Retinal Waves of the Developing Rabbit

In the developing vertebrate retina, spontaneous electric activity occurs rhythmically in the form of propagating waves and is believed to play a critical role in activity-dependent visual system development, including the establishment of precise retinal and geniculate circuitry. To elucidate how spontaneous retinal waves encode specific developmental cues at various developmental stages, it is necessary to understand how the waves are generated and regulated. Using Ca(2+) imaging and patch clamp in a flat-mount perinatal rabbit retinal preparation, this study demonstrates that, in addition to the cholinergic system, a strychnine-sensitive system in the inner retina plays an obligatory and developmentally regulated role in the initiation and propagation of spontaneous retinal waves. This system, which is believed to be the glycinergic network, provided an excitatory drive during early retinal development. It then became inhibitory after postnatal day 1 (P1) to P2, an age when a number of coordinated transitions in neurotransmitter systems occurred concomitantly, and finally contributed to the complete inhibition and disappearance of spontaneous waves after P7-P9. This glycinergic contribution was notably distinct from that of the ionotropic GABAergic system, which was found to exert an inhibitory but nonessential influence on the early wave formation. Blocking glycine- and GABA-gated anion currents had opposing effects on spontaneous retinal waves between embryonic day 29 and P0, suggesting that Cl(-) transporters, particularly R(+)-butylindazone-sensitive K-Cl cotransporters, may have a synapse- and/or cell type-specific distribution pattern, in addition to an age-dependent expression pattern in the inner retina. Overall, the results revealed an important reliance of spontaneous retinal waves on dynamic and coordinated interactions among multiple, nonredundant neurotransmitter systems.
GOSH – a graphical display of study heterogeneity

Estimates from individual studies included in a meta-analysis often are not in agreement, giving rise to statistical heterogeneity. In such cases, exploration of the causes of heterogeneity can advance knowledge by formulating novel hypotheses. We present a new method for visualizing between-study heterogeneity using combinatorial meta-analysis. The method is based on performing separate meta-analyses on all possible subsets of studies in a meta-analysis. We use the summary effect sizes and other statistics produced by the all-subsets meta-analyses to generate graphs that can be used to investigate heterogeneity, identify influential studies, and explore subgroup effects. This graphical approach complements alternative graphical explorations of data. We apply the method to numerous biomedical examples, to allow readers to develop intuition on the interpretation of the all-subsets graphical display. The proposed graphical approach may be useful for exploratory data analysis in systematic reviews. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feeling Like Feminist Frauds: Theorizing Feminist Accountability in Feminist Family Studies Research in a Neoliberal, Postfeminist Context

In this article we name “feelings of fraudulence,” the experience of self-awareness and self-questioning that feminist family scholars often encounter in their work. We propose that such feelings arise from attempting to apply abstract feminist principles to specific research practices against the backdrop of social science's positivism, women's studies postmodernism(s), and an overlay of neoliberalism and postfeminism. These feelings of fraudulence should not be dismissed but should be embraced to promote what we theorize as feminist accountability. Using our research projects as sites of analysis, we share dilemmas of accountability in regard to feminist epistemology, agenda, and ethics within the contemporary context. We continue the conversation about feminist-informed methodological practices and hope to offer other feminist family scholars comfort in responding to the uncertainty they encounter in their own feminist research journeys.
Intellectual Property at the Edge: Dilution as unfair competition: European echoes

This response to Barton Beebe explores whether contemporary experience in Europe supports the central arguments advanced by Beebe in The Supressed Misappropriation Origins of Trademark Antidilution Law. The development of E.U. law is largely consistent with the idea that dilution law is in part an effort to install a misappropriation regime, at least insofar as the objects of protection are trademarks with a reputation (increasingly, a smaller caveat as the scope of potential trademark subject matter expands and the reputation threshold falls). This has important local consequences: if dilution law is in truth is a law against misappropriation, the Court of Justice of the European Union has greater scope to contribute to the creation of a nascent European law of unfair competition. But examining recent European case law also suggests that understanding misappropriation as part of a broader system of unfair competition may moderate the formalist critique of misappropriation as wholly indeterminate and unlimited. Understood in its unfair competition milieu, a misappropriation-based concept of dilution retains some potential for measured delineation of the edges of protection.
Isoamylases of human parotid saliva.

COLUMN electrophoresis with a polyacrylamide gel was used by Muus and Vneuchak1 to separate from crystalline human saliva amylase four protein staining bands which suggested four different molecular forms of amylase. The staining evidence was corroborated with the finding of four areas of amylase activity from gel section eluates. A more direct method with greater resolving power for detecting the multiple molecular forms of amylase has been developed for use with polyacrylamide gel columns. Preliminary studies show that there are generic differences in salivary amylase and that a polymorphism exists among human parotid salivas.
Chiral ionic liquid that functions as both solvent and chiral selector for the determination of enantiomeric compositions of pharmaceutical products.

We have successfully synthesized both enantiomers of a novel chiral ionic liquid, (R)- and (S)-[(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium][bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide] ((R)- and (S)-[CHTA]+[Tf2N]-) in optically pure form by a simple ion exchange reaction from corresponding chloride salts that are commercially available. In addition to the ease of preparation, this chiral IL has relatively high thermal stability (up to 300 °C), is liquid at room temperature (glass transition temperature of −58.4 °C), and exhibits strong enantiomeric recognition. The high solubility power and strong enantiomeric recognition ability make it possible to use this chiral IL to solubilize an analyte and to induce diastereomeric interactions for the determination of enantiomeric purity. In fact, we have successfully developed a novel method based on the near-infrared technique with this chiral IL serving both as solvent and as a chiral selector for the determination of enantiomeric purity. Enantiomeric compositions of ...
Discontinuous galerkin method applied to extended-MHD model in perseus for simulating shocks

Summary form only given. In this poster we report on the application of a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) spatial discretization method to the extended-MHD model used in the PERSEUS1, 2 code. The algorithm and its implementation will be briefly introduced. We expect that the DG method will have advantages over the finite volume (FV) method currently used in PERSEUS. In particular, we hope to better simulate shock problems, since the compact form of DG can allow for a detailed local resolution in the neighborhood of a shock. In addition, DG is highly parallelizable, easily adapted to unstructured grids and it has an arbitrary order of accuracy. These features allow DG to potentially improve the simulation accuracy as well as reducing the computational expense. A comparison is carried out between DG-perseus and FV-perseus applied on both MHD and extended-MHD model, focusing on accuracy, stability, convergence and computational expense. Various numerical experiments are performed to validate the analysis and the comparison.
Restrictions placed on constitutive relations by angular momentum balance and Galilean invariance

In this note, we will show that for describing the response of a wide class of bodies, it is sufficient to invoke only the balance of angular momentum to obtain the restrictions on the constitutive functions that one obtains by appealing to frame indifference. While this result is known for hyperelastic materials (although it is not found in any standard text on the subject), we extend this result to classes of elasto-plastic and viscoelastic materials as well as for a class of implicit constitutive equations for viscous fluids. In particular, we show that for a class of bodies capable of instantaneous elastic response that is dictated by a stored energy function, the symmetry of the Cauchy stress alone is enough to obtain all the necessary restrictions. The result is related to Noether’s theorem; if we know that there is a conserved quantity (i.e., angular momentum), we can then show that the energy function must be invariant under a group of transformations. For a class of generalized Newtonian fluids (including the Navier Stokes fluid and the Bingham fluid), the symmetry of the stress and Galilean invariance of the response functions are all that are required to obtain restrictions that are usually obtained by enforcing frame indifference.
Calcitonin-Like Immunoreactivity in Rat and Human Pituitary Glands: Histochemical, in Vitro, and in Vivo Studies*

This study was designed to determine whether pituitary glands contain an immunoreactive material which reacts with antisera to calcitonin (CT) and, if so, whether secretion of the material could be demonstrated. Testing 15 antisera to rat and human CT and using an immunoperoxidase method, we found 2 antisera to human CT which stained rat pituitaries and several which stained human pituitaries. Essentially all cells in the rat intermediate lobe and scattered cells in the rat and human anterior lobes showed staining, and staining was not entirely abolished by prior adsorption of antisera with rat or human CT. The 2 antisera which stained rat pituitaries showed cross-reactivity with several synthetic human CT fragments (1–18, 11–23, and 22–32) but not with ACTH-(1–39), ACTH-(1–24), β-endorphin, α- or βMSH, or bovine lipotropin. Crude extracts of pituitaries from 2 strains of young rats showed CT-like immunoreactivity which could be measured easily by RIA (0.2–0.3 ng/gland). In vivo, an antiserum which staine...
Simple, Sensitive, High-Throughput Method for the Quantification of Mitragynine in Rat Plasma Using UPLC-MS and Its Application to an Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Study

A simple, sensitive and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of mitragynine in rat plasma using amitriptyline hydrochloride as an internal standard. Sample preparation involved a one-step liquid–liquid extraction using methyl t-butyl ether. Mitragynine was separated on an Acquity UPLC™ BEH HILIC column using isocratic elution with a mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium formate buffer containing 0.1% formic acid:acetonitrile (15:85, v/v). At a flow rate of 0.2 mL min−1, the retention time of mitragynine was found to be 1.3 min. Ionization was performed in the positive ion electrospray mode. The selected mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio transition of mitragynine ion [M + H]+ used in the selected ion recording (SIR) was 399.1. The calibration curve was found to be linear over a concentration range of 1–5,000 ng mL−1 (r = 0.999) with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1 ng mL−1. Intra- and inter-day assay variations were found to be less than 15%. The extraction recoveries ranged from 85–93% at the three concentrations (2, 400 and 4,000 ng mL−1) in rat plasma. This method was successfully used to quantify mitragynine in rat plasma following intravenous administration of the compound.
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction presenting as ascites : the importance of clinically assessing central venous pressure

A 66-year-old man without history of heart disease or symptoms of left ventricular (LV) failure was admitted with transudative ascites. Echocardiography showed no valvular or pericardial disease and normal LV function. Gated pool scintigraphy confirmed normal LV systolic function but demonstrated severe right ventricular systolic dysfunction. Catheterization revealed left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as the cause of right-sided failure. The clinician evaluating transudative ascites cannot exclude LV failure on the basis of noninvasive assessment of systolic function alone. Appreciation of an elevated central venous pressure remains the most important evidence of a cardiac source of ascites.
Self-describing animated icons for human-computer interaction: a research note

Abstract Animated icons may offer substantial advantage over static icons for human-computer communication. Nonetheless, problems and challenges remain. For example, the constant motion of animated icons can be distracting or tedious for users. Another challenge relates to the ease of learning and use of iconic interfaces in general: how can icons provide more helpful information to users regarding their intended use? In this research note, we describe animated icons we have implemented which attempt to address these issues.
Blood vessel coagulation for incisional surgery.

. Blood vessel electrocoagulation allows the cutaneous surgeon rapid and reliable bleeder control for incisional wounds. The following article discusses the various instruments and techniques used for blood vessel electrocoagulation.
Is traumatic amnesia nothing but psychiatric folklore

Some psychotherapists believe that certain experiences are so overwhelmingly traumatic that some victims become incapable of remembering their worst trauma except under special circumstances (e.g. therapy) many years later. Unfortunately, clinicians who endorse this concept of traumatic amnesia often misinterpret the very studies they adduce in support of it. More specifically, they misinterpret other, unrelated memory phenomena as evidence for traumatic amnesia, such as ordinary forgetfulness, psychogenic amnesia, organic amnesia, incomplete encoding of traumatic experiences, non-disclosure of remembered trauma, and simply not thinking about something for a long time. The purpose of this article is to dispel confusions rampant in this literature.
H.264 Video Decoder Design: Beyond RTL Design Implementation

We present two case studies of different architectures for H.264 video decoder. The objective of this case study is to show the design methodology that can maximize the flexibility of video decoder. First, H.264 is designed based on configurable processor. The configurable processor was used to complement the existing functional units with instruction extensions for the H.264 hardware kernel. Secondly, we profile the H.264 application to capture the amount of data traffic among modules. We will use this information to guide the placement of H.264 hardware modules in the dataflow architecture. A simulated annealing based placement algorithm produces the final placement aiming to optimize the communication costs between the modules in a dataflow architecture. With both our design methodologies, emerging embedded applications requiring several GOPS to meet real-time constraints can be drafted within a reasonable amount of design time with maximum design flexibility
“I was Aggressive for the Streets, Pretty for the Pictures” Gender, Difference, and the Inner-City Girl

It is a late June afternoon and I am standing outside of a caf6 on Fillmore Street in San Francisco. I am holding flyers for Kiara', a young woman I met a few hours earlier. Kiara is 22 years old with a light brown com plexion and long, wavy hair that suggests a multiracial heritage. Her style of dress is 1980s-retro. She wears a purple lace glove with the finger cut off on her right hand, a short-sleeved jacket over a yellow and green Brazil fdtbol jersey, and tight denim jeans that ride low, causing her belly to peek out sometimes between her jeans and her jersey. Two large star-shaped earrings dangle from her ears and a small white flower is tucked into her hair. She was born and raised in the Fillmore, a once-vibrant Black neigh borhood that is now quickly gentrifying after decades of blight and neglect. I have conducted field research here since 2005 and just finished interviewing Kiara inside the caf6. Kiara's grandmother, like many older Black Fillmore residents, migrated from the South. She owned the house in which she raised Kiara after Kiara's mother was killed by her father, who, Kiara tells me, was a big-time drug dealer in the neighborhood before he was sent to prison. Kiara remembers how her father's tough rep utation influenced how others interacted with her in the neighborhood; even though she was a child she garnered a level of respect. She learned early on how to manage her interactions with others differently in differ ent situations: "[as a child] I had the street element, and I was aggressive for the streets, pretty for the pictures." Kiara is helping to collect signatures for an antiredevelopment cam paign in Hunter's Point-Bayview, a larger and even more distressed Black neighborhood in San Francisco. Kiara offers to give me a tour of the
Practice Guidelines in school psychology: Issues and directions for evidence-based interventions in practice and training

Abstract Practice Guidelines have become increasingly popular at the national and international level. Practice Guidelines are a natural extension of the “evidence-based intervention” movement, and could be a mechanism to promote the use of evidence-based interventions within the field of school psychology practice and training. In this paper we review the use of Practice Guidelines in other fields and the promise and potential pitfalls associated with the development and application of Practice Guidelines within the field of school psychology. Recommendations for how to avert some of the difficulties faced by other disciplines in the development and application of Practice Guidelines are discussed. Suggestions for next steps in the profession and future research are noted.
Personalized Orthodontics, The Future of Genetics in Practice

"Personalized medicine" is a new buzz phrase, based initially on pharmacogenetics and now exploding as genome-wide association studies are undertaken. However, it still remains to be seen how much this will really affect daily practice. The same may be projected for the future of orthodontics. What would personalized orthodontics be based on, how would the studies be undertaken and then validated in practice? How will this be funded? The understanding of the combination and interaction of genetic and environmental (including treatment) factors (nature and nurture together) that influence the treatment response of our patients is fundamental to the evidence-based practice of orthodontics.
Fabrication of metal matrix composites of

Fine fibrous titanium carbide (TiC) was processed through the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method and employed to fabricate aluminum matrix composites. Two consol-idation methods were investigated: (1) combustion synthesis of TiC fiber/Al composites directly using titanium powders and carbon fibers ignited simultaneously with varying amounts of the matrix metal powder and (2) combustion synthesis of TiC using titanium powders and carbon fibers followed by consolidation into different amounts of the metal matrix powder, Al,via hot isostatic pressing (HIP). In the former method, when the amount of the Al in the matrix was increased, the maximum temperature obtained by the combustion reaction decreased and the propagation of the synthesis reactions became difficult to maintain. Preheating was required for the mixture of reactants with more than approximately 5 mole pct aluminum matrix powders in order to ignite and maintain the propagation rate. Microstructural analysis of the products from the Al/C/Ti reaction without preheating shows that small amounts of an aluminum carbide phase (AI4C3) are present. In the second method, following separation of the individual fibers in the TiC product, dense composites containing the SHS products were obtained by HIP of a mixture of the TiC fibers and Al powders. No ternary phase was formed during this procedure.
Optimizing primary PCI beyond "door to intervention time"--are we there yet?

Abstract Aim To assess the effects of shortened door-to-intervention (DTI) time on appropriate clinical decisions regarding the four most critical and costly decisions during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): cath-lab activation (CLA), use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI), use of PCI, and deployment of drug-eluting stent (DES). Background STEMI PCI patients are frequently subject to decision making based on abbreviated medical encounter and limited medical information. Methods Clinical data were prospectively collected in a STEMI registry over 19 months. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted to determine the level of appropriateness of the above-mentioned decisions. Results Between June 2006 and December 2007, 200 EKGs with suspected STEMI were transmitted; 88 (44%) resulted in CLA. Compared to prior year, DTI times decreased from 145.7 to 69.9 min ( P =.00001). DTI was longer during nights and weekends (87.5 vs. 51.8 min, P =.001) and the initial 6 months of the registry (86.8 vs. 66.8 min, P =.07). Nineteen (21.6%) of the patients undergoing angiography did not require revascularization, 56 (63.6%) received GPIs, and 65 patients (73.8%) underwent at least one vessel PCI, and at least one DES was used in 39 patients (60% of PCI cohort). When assessed for appropriateness, CLA was appropriate in 81.8% of the time and rendered borderline or inappropriate in 5.7% and 12.5%, respectively. GPI use was appropriate in 66% of the patients but seemed borderline or inappropriate in 28.5% and 5.4%, respectively. PCI was appropriate in 90% of the lesions treated, and borderline or inappropriate in 7.1% and 2.9%, respectively. DES use was viewed appropriate in 38.4%, and borderline or inappropriate in 51% and 10.2% of the DES deployments, respectively. Conclusions (1) In view of expedited care, certain information required for decision-making process is either not available or ignored during primary PCI. (2) Appropriate use of resources in primary PCI needs to be better defined. (3) Measures of extracting patients' previous medical records and imaging studies along with in-lab immediate blood work and echocardiography and establishing new "time-out" protocols for STEMI patients may improve resource utilization and patient care and outcome.
Analysis of Loran‐C System Reliability for Civil Aviation*

The LORAN-C system is one of the candidate radionavigation systems currently under evaluation by the FAA with regard to its suitability as the primary or supplemental domestic navigation system for civil aviation during the post 1995 time period. Reliability of a candidate system to provide continuous navigation signals for airborne applications has been adopted as one of the evaluation criteria. The key consideration in the system reliability assessment is the impact of station outages and the resultant loss of navigation signals to the aviation users. This paper presents an analytical technique for evaluating the reliability of the LORAN-C system over the conterminous United States (CONUS). Emphasis is placed on the technique itself and not the specific reliability statistics. The technique is applicable to the analysis of the existing USCG ground station configuration, as well as any proposed full-CONUS coverage station configuration. The technique is based on the use of a Markov Chain model to provide a probabilistic measure of system unreliability and incorporates signal strength, relative geometry, and receiver configuration which define system coverage. A simplified analytic procedure is employed to bound the system unreliability and a numerical example is presented based on preliminary LORAN-C station reliability statistics for solid-state ground stations and a simple receiver model.
Cardiac Monitoring During Sleep

Normal sleep is associated with slowing of the heart rate and occasional asymptomatic selflimited rhythm disturbances. Obstructive sleep apnea produces cyclical changes in heart rate and an increase in the occurrence of cardiac dysrhythmias. Sleep medicine practitioners should be familiar with routine methods, limitations, and scoring of cardiac events, including sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, narrow and wide complex tachycardias, atrial fibrillation, and cardiac asystole. Other cardiac rhythms that are recognizable within the context of the sleep study should be reported. Changes in cardiac rhythm during polysomnography seldom result in adverse outcomes. Decisions regarding interventions for identified cardiac rhythms should be influenced by the nature of the dysrhythmia, risks identified by patient characteristics and comorbidities, and prevailing patient care strategies in managing heart disease.
Generation of Mixed Test Sets for Transition Faults

Test sets that contain both broadside and skewed-load tests are important for achieving the highest possible delay fault coverage for standard-scan circuits. Both types of tests can be represented as 〈s1, v1, s2, v2 〉, where s1 and s2 are states, and v1 and v2 are primary input vectors. To facilitate the generation of a mixed test set that contains both broadside and skewed-load tests, this paper associates with s2 a property that can be used for estimating whether a skewed-load or a broadside test is more likely to exist with s2 in its second pattern. This paper uses this property for guiding a test generation procedure to consider only one of the two test types for most of the target faults.