cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance technology in training and sports.

When muscles are used to perform physical activity they must metabolise available fuel to generate energy for contraction. The harder a muscle must work, the more fuel is required. The relation between how hard muscles must work and their need for fuel is an area of intense interest in the study of human performance. In the past, intramuscular energy metabolism has been measured directly by muscle biopsies,1 which are invasive. During the last two decades, the sophistication of magnetic resonance (MR) technology has steadily improved. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), it is now possible to detect non-invasively changes in a number of important intramuscular fuel sources, such as muscle glycogen,2–5 during exercise and recovery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used for some time to examine anatomical effects of sport and training.6 Recently it has become possible to measure exercise induced physiological changes with MRI and use information from these measurements to determine muscle activity patterns.7–9 These more recent advances open up a new range of possibilities to use MR technology not only as a diagnostic tool, as in the past, but in …
Health Literacy and Child Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature

To review the relationship between parent and child lit- eracy and child health outcomes and interventions designed to im- prove child health outcomes for children or parents with low literacy skills. METHODS: We searched Medline and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) for articles published from 1980 through 2008 and included studies that reported original data, mea- sured literacy and 1 health outcome, and assessed the relationship between literacy and health outcomes. Health outcomes included health knowledge, health behaviors, use of health care resources, in- termediate markers of disease status, and measures of morbidity. Two abstractors reviewed each study for inclusion. Included studies were abstracted into evidence tables and were assessed by using an 11-item quality scale. RESULTS: We reviewed 4182 new titles and abstracts published since 2003. Fifty-eight articles were retained for full review, and 13 met the inclusion criteria. Eleven articles from the systematic review from 1980 to 2003 met the inclusion criteria, giving us a total of 24 articles. Chil- dren with low literacy generally had worse health behaviors. Parents with low literacy had less health knowledge and had behaviors that were less advantageous for their children's health compared with par- ents with higher literacy. Children whose parents had low literacy often had worse health outcomes, but we found mixed results for the relationship of literacy to the use of health care services. Interventions found that improving written materials can increase health knowl- edge, and combining good written materials with brief counseling can improve behaviors including adherence. The average quality of the studies was fair to good. CONCLUSIONS: Child and parent literacy seems associated with im- portant health outcomes. Future research can help us understand under what circumstances this relationship is causal, how literacy and health outcomes are related in noncausal pathways, the relative im- portance of parent and child literacy, and what interventions effec- tively reduce health literacy-related disparities. Pediatrics 2009;124: S265-S274
Environmental Justice and American Indian Tribal Sovereignty: Case Study of a Land–Use Conflict in Skull Valley, Utah

This paper examines environmental justice in the context of questions of American–Indian tribal sovereignty through an analysis of a land–use dispute over the Skull Valley Band of Goshute Indians’ decision to host a high–level radioactive waste facility on their reservation in Tooele County, Utah. The case study entails a far more intricate story than that presented in the majority of existing literature, which is dominated by analytical frameworks of environmental racism and distributive environmental justice. By elucidating the historical geography of Skull Valley and politics of tribal sovereignty, I argue that a prolonged process of historical colonialism has produced a landscape of injustice in which the tribe's choices have been structurally limited. The historical colonialism, intertwining with the capitalist political economy, has geopolitically isolated the tribe to suffer procedural environmental injustice. At the same time, the tribe has struggled to pursue self–determination through the retention of sovereignty and Goshute identity in the arenas of tribal environmental management and the environmental–justice movement. Conflict over the definition and practice of tribal sovereignty at different geographical scales reveals the social, historical, and political–economic complexity of environmental justice.
Postnatal and Adult Neurogenesis in the Development of Human Disease

The mammalian brain contains a population of neurons that are continuously generated from late embryogenesis through adulthood-after the generation of almost all other neuronal types. This brain region-the hippocampal dentate gyrus-is in a sense, therefore, persistently immature. Postnatal and adult neurogenesis is likely an essential feature of the dentate, which is critical for learning and memory. Protracted neurogenesis after birth would allow the new cells to develop in conjunction with external events-but it may come with a price: while neurogenesis in utero occurs in a protected environment, children and adults are exposed to any number of hazards, such as toxins and infectious agents. Mature neurons might be resistant to such exposures, but new neurons may be vulnerable. Consistent with this prediction, in adult rodents seizures disrupt the integration of newly generated granule cells, whereas mature granule cells are comparatively unaffected. Significantly, abnormally interconnected cells may contribute to epileptogenesis and/or associated cognitive and memory deficits. Finally, studies increasingly indicate that new granule cells are extremely sensitive to a host of endogenous and exogenous factors, raising the possibility that disrupted granule cell integration may be a common feature of many neurological diseases.
Training family practice residents in psychiatry: an ambulatory care training model.

Objective:To demonstrate the importance of providing psychiatric training to primary care practitioners in ambulatory care settings. Additionally, to describe the model used for this purpose in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences of the University of Texas Medical School at Houston in order to further stimulate educational opportunities on this topic.Method:A review of the psychiatric curriculum offered to family practice residents during their PGY-2 year one-month rotation in psychiatry at the University of Texas Mental Sciences Institute is provided. Emphasis is given to key areas of the curriculum such as: knowledge, skills, and attitude development. Special focus on the clinical and educational experiences is also offered for the purpose of providing unique perspectives about the curriculum methodology.Results:The careful assessment of the feedback obtained from the family practice residents who were exposed to this ambulatory training model demonstrates that this type of setting was ...
Structural Properties and Testing of a Composite Banding Used in High-Speed Rotors

The use of high-strength structural composite bandings is essential for high-speed rotors. In addition to bandings designed for maximum stiffness and strength, there is also a need for bandings that exhibit a controlled radial growth during operation. Controlling the radial growth rate of rotor bandings to match the growth of other rotor components maximizes the structural integrity of the rotor by minimizing reaction forces between parts during operation. This paper presents the structural material properties and strain-to-failure of a composite banding built with a nontraditional layup consisting of high-strength IM7 hoop filament windings and a combination of T700 tape laid at 0deg and plusmn45deg. The analysis and structural test results used to determine the strength of a composite banding with this layup is discussed
Flavored and Nonflavored Smokeless Tobacco Products: Rate, Pattern of Use, and Effects

Introduction The initiation and maintenance of tobacco use are influenced by several factors, but of equal and often overlooked importance, until recently, is the palatability of the product. Because of the role that flavor may play in the initiation and maintenance of tobacco use, the Food and Drug Administration has decided to ban the use of flavorings, other than menthol, from cigarettes. To date, little attention has been paid to the impact of flavoring in smokeless tobacco (ST) products. Methods This study combined the data from 5 previously completed treatment or switching studies to examine the choice of brand flavor in the course of ST use, from initiation to regular use. Results The analyses revealed that a majority of subjects' first and current choice of product was flavored, specifically mint or wintergreen, and that a significant number of ST users switched to a flavored brand after already initiating ST use with a regular nonflavored product. In this population, however, flavored products did not appear to lead to greater dependence or increased exposure to nicotine or carcinogens. Conclusions More treatment seeking ST users began by using mint-flavored product and switched to and were current users of mint-flavored products. It is possible that mint products play a role in the initiation and maintenance of ST use.
The scaling of molecular dynamics on the KSR1

Molecular dynamics and many other particle based simulation techniques are often highly parallelizable in principle. In practice many algorithms for concurrency can lead to irreproducible trajectories. We suggest a method for providing reproducible simulations that suffers only a small performance penalty. Results for scaling of the molecular dynamics code ESP to the KSR1 parallel computer are also given and the effects of trying to overlap computation and communication on the KSR are discussed. Algorithms are discussed with particular attention focused on the force summation aspects. >
The Application of a Smartphone in Ship Stability Experiment

The inclining experiment is the only regulatory tool to assess ship stability. This experiment is a time consuming process for both real-life tests and ship model experiments. The difficulty is mainly due to a bias in the measurement of heel angle. Nowadays, digital inclinometers are available but they are expensive. In this study, the use of a smartphone application is presented for ship inclination and rolling-period tests. The idea consists of using accelerometer and gyroscope sensors built into the current smartphones for the measurements. Therefore, some experiments are carried out on an example trawler model to exhibit the uses and advantages of this method. The obtained results are in good agreement with those provided from the pendulum method and natural roll-period test. This application is new, easy, and more accurately assesses metacentric height during the inclining and rolling-period tests.
Successful interventions in decreasing oxycodone CR prescriptions within an underserved population.

Objective: To use fundamental population health and Patient Centered Medical Home guidelines to create an effective intervention that would decrease the quantity of inappropriate oxycodone controlled release (CR) prescriptions within an uninsured population. Design: This was a prospective interventional study. Patients, participants: Patients seen in the newly formed University of Florida Community Health and Family Medicine Department Total Care Clinic, for chronic nonmalignant pain. This clinic was designed to serve the uninsured patients of Jacksonville, FL. Interventions: A structured, step-wise pain management protocol was introduced and implemented, and an improved Controlled Substance User Agreement was created and implemented. Pharmacists and primary care providers collaborated on care. Main outcome measure(s): The primary study outcome measures were the number of oxycodone CR prescriptions over an 8-month period. Results: At the initiation of the program, the authors averaged over 40 oxycodone CR prescriptions per month. After 3 months, the number of prescriptions dropped to an average of 10 per month, a 75 percent decrease. More importantly, the number of oxycodone CR tablets saw a corresponding 75 percent drop from over 2,500 tablets per month to approximately 600 per month. Of course, the authors were concerned that the reduction of oxycodone CR may lead to increases in the use of other opioids. However, trends for hydrocodone/acetaminophen also showed a reduction in total usage as well as all other long-acting opioids. In addition, patient satisfaction did not change significantly, and no significant complaints from patients regarding this specific change were received. Conclusions: By implementing criteria for oxycodone CR prescribing in an innovative, comprehensive, and unified patient-centered practice model, the authors saw a significant decrease in the number of oxycodone CR tablets prescribed per month and also a decrease in total prescriptions per month.
Organoid Models of Human Gastrointestinal Development and Disease.

We have greatly advanced our ability to grow a diverse range of tissue-derived and pluripotent stem cell–derived gastrointestinal (GI) tissues in vitro. These systems, broadly referred to as organoids, have allowed the field to move away from the often nonphysiological, transformed cell lines that have been used for decades in GI research. Organoids are derived from primary tissues and have the capacity for long-term growth. They contain varying levels of cellular complexity and physiological similarity to native organ systems. We review the latest discoveries from studies of tissue-derived and pluripotent stem cell–derived intestinal, gastric, esophageal, liver, and pancreatic organoids. These studies have provided important insights into GI development, tissue homeostasis, and disease and might be used to develop personalized medicines.
The Future of Coaching Among Adult Populations

This chapter considers many of the major directions, issues, and themes that will play an important part in the future of coaching adult populations.
Prior exposure to a reverberant listening environment improves speech intelligibility in adult cochlear implant listeners

Objectives: The goal of this study is to investigate whether prior exposure to reverberant listening environment improves speech intelligibility of adult cochlear implant (CI) users.Methods: Six adult CI users participated in this study. Speech intelligibility was measured in five different simulated reverberant listening environments with two different speech corpuses. Within each listening environment, prior exposure was varied by either having the same environment across all trials (blocked presentation) or having different environment from trial to trial (unblocked).Results: Speech intelligibility decreased as reverberation time increased. Although substantial individual variability was observed, all CI listeners showed an increase in the blocked presentation condition as compared to the unblocked presentation condition for both speech corpuses.Conclusion: Prior listening exposure to a reverberant listening environment improves speech intelligibility in adult CI listeners. Further research is required...
Infrared spectroscopy of the Ti(H2O)Ar+ ion–molecule complex: Electronic state switching induced by argon

Abstract Titanium–water complexes are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed supersonic expansion, mass selected in a time-of-flight spectrometer, and studied with infrared laser photodissociation spectroscopy using argon complex predissociation. Density functional theory calculations provide structures and vibrational spectra for these ions. Spectra in the O–H stretching region indicate that the water is intact in these complexes, even though inserted structures are computed to be more stable. Although the ground state of Ti(H2O)+ is established to be a quartet, that predicted and observed for Ti(H2O)Ar+ is a doublet. Attachment of argon changes the electronic ground state of this system.
Status of metabolic syndrome and its relationship with glycosylated hemoglobin in Wujin District of Changzhou

Objective To investigate the prevalence and epidemic of metabolic syndrome(MS)in residents aged at 18 years or over and its relationship with glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c).Methods A total of 600 rural residents aged at 18 or over inWujin District of Changzhou were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method,and the survey included questionnaires,physical examination and laboratory monitoring.Results The prevalence of MS,central obesity,elevated blood pressure,elevated fasting blood glucose,elevated triglycerides and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were respectively 27.33%,36.00%,63.50%,44.83%,31.17%and 33.00%.The average HbA1 clevel was 5.79±1.01%,the prevalence of MS,central obesity,elevated blood pressure,elevated FPG,elevated TG and decreased HDL-C in HbA1c≥6.5% group were higher than HbA1c6.5% group(P0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,the risk of metabolic syndrome,central obesity and elevated TG were higher in HbA1c≥6.5% group than HbA1c6.5% group after adjusting for age,sex,smoking,alcohol consumption,education level factors,and the odds ratio were respectively 5.95,3.88,3.08,5.33 and 3.02.Conclusion The prevalence of MS in Wujin district was higher,and the risk of MS was increased in high HbA1 clevel group.
Reliability of Direct Behavior Ratings--Social Competence (DBR-SC) Data: How Many Ratings Are Necessary?.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the reliability of Direct Behavior Ratings-Social Competence (DBR-SC) ratings. Participants included 60 students identified as possessing deficits in social competence, as well as their 23 classroom teachers. Teachers used DBR-SC to complete ratings of 5 student behaviors within the general education setting on a daily basis across approximately 5 months. During this time, each student was assigned to 1 of 2 intervention conditions, including the Social Competence Intervention-Adolescent (SCI-A) and a business-as-usual (BAU) intervention. Ratings were collected across 3 intervention phases, including pre-, mid-, and postintervention. Results suggested DBR-SC ratings were highly consistent across time within each student, with reliability coefficients predominantly falling in the .80 and .90 ranges. Findings further indicated such levels of reliability could be achieved with only a small number of ratings, with estimates varying between 2 and 10 data points. Group comparison analyses further suggested the reliability of DBR-SC ratings increased over time, such that student behavior became more consistent throughout the intervention period. Furthermore, analyses revealed that for 2 of the 5 DBR-SC behavior targets, the increase in reliability over time was moderated by intervention grouping, with students receiving SCI-A demonstrating greater increases in reliability relative to those in the BAU group. Limitations of the investigation as well as directions for future research are discussed herein. (PsycINFO Database Record
Focus on . . . Making Retirement Savings Last a Lifetime

It is both the accumulation and the spending of assets that will determine whether Americans will be able to afford to maintain a comfortable retirement. This article discusses the all-important issue of making retirement savings last in the face of increasing retiree longevity and a growing reliance on defined contribution arrangements.
Anametric Total Knee Arthroplasty

SUMMARY Thirty-six anametric knee arthroplasties were performed in 31 patients and followed for at least one year. Twenty-six had a diagnosis of osteoarthritis, four had a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and one had lupus osteonecrosis. There were significant improvements in the pain, walking, and function ratings. Although the flexion arc was good preoperatively (99.7 degrees), the average flexion arc increased to 105.3 degrees postoperatively. Preoperative varus or valgus deformity was easily corrected by paying meticulous attention to alignment during the osteotomies. There was a relatively low incidence of x-ray evidence of loosening. All were non progressive and none were clinically evident. There was a higher incidence of radiolucency with the triflanged tibial component compared with the central stud. This may be related to poorer cement technique in the past, an inherent difference in the ability to obtain excellent fixation with each component, or transference of different stress to the interfaces. There were relatively few complications, which were minor and did not significantly adversely affect any patient's postoperative recovery. The anametric knee prosthesis has proved to be of value in the treatment of arthritis in those patients with adequate ligamentous stability. It fulfills a role in the spectrum of prosthetic knees as a relatively nonconstrained prosthesis that allows for adequate postoperative motion and stability while minimizing stress at the bone-cement interface.
Smartphone technology facilitates dietary change in healthy adults.

Abstract Objectives Many individuals are advised to adhere to specific diet plans for their personal health; hence, it is important that tools are available to support these behaviors. Smartphone applications (apps) may assist health care professionals in educating their clients on specific dietary modifications. This pilot study focused on a single dietary modification, reducing sodium intake, to determine whether a commercial health app is useful for promoting dietary change. Methods Thirty healthy adults (age 34.4 ± 15.7 y; body mass index 25.6 ± 4.3 kg/m 2 ) were recruited from a university community and completed this 4-wk randomized parallel trial. Participants were instructed to reduce their sodium intake to ≤2300 mg/d by using the MyFitnessPal app to receive feedback on sodium content of foods or by paper tallying of estimated sodium intake. The predicted 24-h sodium excretion, estimated using the ratio of sodium to creatinine from the first morning urine void, and participant satisfaction were the main outcomes measured. Results The change in the predicted 24-h sodium excretion differed between groups: −838 ± 1093 and +236 ± 1333 mg/24 h predicted for the app and journal groups, respectively ( P = 0.010). Moreover, participants in the app group reported significantly greater satisfaction with their method of diet tracking than the journal group ( P = 0.001). Conclusions These data suggest that smartphone apps have the potential to facilitate the implementation of dietary advice. This was a small pilot study with limited scope, and more research is necessary to determine the value of smartphone apps for facilitating dietary change.
Tourette Syndrome and Dystonia: Genetically Related

A three-generation family in which 5 members were diagnosed with focal dystonia and 3 with tics, Tourette syndrome, and hyperactivity is reported from the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, England.
Review of New Maternalisms: Redux

New Maternalisms: Redux Curated by Natalie S. Loveless, FAB Gallery 1-1 Fine Arts Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, May 12–June 4, 2016
Quartified leptonic color, bound states, and future electron–positron collider

Abstract The [ S U ( 3 ) ] 4 quartification model of Babu, Ma, and Willenbrock (BMW), proposed in 2003, predicts a confining leptonic color S U ( 2 ) gauge symmetry, which becomes strong at the keV scale. It also predicts the existence of three families of half-charged leptons (hemions) below the TeV scale. These hemions are confined to form bound states which are not so easy to discover at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). However, just as J / ψ and ϒ appeared as sharp resonances in e − e + colliders of the 20th century, the corresponding ‘hemionium’ states are expected at a future e − e + collider of the 21st century.
Gut microbiota: Neonatal gut microbiota induces lung immunity against pneumonia

Disruption of the microbiota during early life can have important consequences for infant health outcomes; in particular, antibiotic usage is linked to an increased risk of pneumonia. A new study has identified cellular and molecular mediators involved in the crosstalk between early-life gut bacterial colonization and development of lung immunity against pneumonia in newborn mice.
Disproportionate insider control and firm performance

The effect of disproportionate insider control on firm performance is ambiguous. Disproportionate control may enhance insiders’ ability to expropriate perquisites; on the other hand, it may provide stability of management and reduce short-term market pressures. Using a hand-collected sample of U.S. dual-class firms, we find that disproportionate control is positively associated with accounting-based performance, but negatively associated with Tobin's Q. These results are consistent with the incentives of entrenched insiders who are interested in profitability but less beholden to capital markets.
Novel highly-integrated mems based solid state detectors for analytical gas chromatography

Abstract In this work, a novel detector of gaseous analytes for monitoring of low levels of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene) is discussed. The detector is based on SnO2 thin (30 nm) films functionalized with gold-palladium (9:1 molar ratio) bimetal nanoparticles. The detector consists of four independent sensing elements thermally activated by an internal heater. The performance of Au/Pd@SnO2 sensing elements was evaluated in comparison with some other gas sensitive materials, such as: pure SnO2, SnO2 decorated with gold (Au), and SnO2 decorated with palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. The superiority of the gas sensing performance of the Au/Pd@SnO2 nanocomposite structure was demonstrated based on its response to low concentrations (12.5-500 ppb) of benzene or toluene. A more complex analysis of gaseous mixtures with different concentrations (0.3–20 ppb) of BTEX mixture was accomplished by incorporating the novel detector into the portable gas chromatograph (GC) PAC R1120. High sensitivity of the detector in combination with fast response and recovery time allowed us to obtain fine gas chromatograms and to perform a complete analysis of a gas sample in less than 11 min. Ultra-low concentrations of BTEX components at sub-ppb level (0.3 ppb) were identified and detected by the GC analysis. Besides the experimental data, the theoretical validation of the detector’s high performance was provided based on high catalytic activity of Au/Pd nanoparticles and electronic interaction of bimetal nanoclusters with SnO2 support.
UTILITY AND SAFETY OF CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TESTING IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY PATIENTS

This study sought to assess the safety and prognostic utility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients with a range of resting left ventricular outflow tract gradients (rLVOT). A retrospective analysis of 589 HCM patients ≥ 18 years of age without
Prevalence of Rickettsia Species (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) in Dermacentor variabilis Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in North Carolina.

The American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), is a vector of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae, including Rickettsia rickettsii the causative organism of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). In North Carolina, SFG rickettsioses (including RMSF) are a leading cause of tick-borne illness. Knowledge of the infection rate and geographic distribution of D. variabilis ticks infected with Rickettsia spp. provides information on the spatial distribution of public health risk. Accordingly, we extracted genomic DNA from adult D. variabilis collected from field habitats in 32 North Carolina counties from 2009 to 2013. A nested PCR assay of the 23S-5S intergenic spacer (IGS) region of Rickettsia coupled with reverse line blot hybridization (RLBH) with species-specific probes was used to detect and identify rickettsiae to species. Approximately half of the 532 tick DNA samples exhibited a band of the expected size on agarose gels, indicating infection with Rickettsia spp. RLBH analyses showed R. amblyommatis (formerly ‘Candidatus R. amblyommii’), R. parkeri, and R. montanensis were predominant, while other Rickettsia species detected included R. conorii-like, R. massiliae, R. rhipicephali, R. canadensis, R. bellii, and some unknown Rickettsia spp. Some ticks were infected with more than one Rickettsia species. Notably, several Rickettsia-positive ticks harbored R. rickettsii. DNA sequencing was performed on a portion of the 23S-5S IGS amplicons and the results were concordant with RLB assay results. We conclude that Rickettsia spp. are common in D. variabilis in North Carolina. Geographic patterns in the occurrence of Rickettsia-infected D. variabilis ticks across the counties sampled are discussed.
Occipital Headaches and Neuroimaging in Children

The goal of this review is to outline the prevalence and significance of occipital headaches in children and how they relate to neuroimaging findings. We seek to evaluate the concern that occipital headaches in children are indicative of secondary headache pathology by reviewing the yield of neuroimaging in pediatric patients with occipital headache location. Occipital headaches are a common presentation of primary headache disorders in children, seen in 7–16% of children presenting for evaluation of headache and in up to 20% of children diagnosed with migraine in the emergency department. Review of recent literature confirms that in and of itself, occipital location of headache in a child with recurrent headache and a normal physical examination should not be regarded as worrisome. Headaches with associated signs on neurologic examination should be investigated for a secondary cause, regardless of headache location. Occipital headaches that do not meet criteria for a primary headache disorder should be evaluated for site-specific occipital headache conditions. Neuroimaging for recurrent headache in children who have normal neurological examinations has an overall low yield (0–4.1%) for actionable findings in recent studies. Importantly, an abnormal neurologic examination often predicts the presence of neuroimaging abnormalities. In the absence of an atypical history or abnormalities on clinical examination, occipital headaches in children are no more likely to be associated with intracranial pathology than headaches in other locations. If the child’s headaches are otherwise consistent with migraine or another primary headache disorder, and the neurologic examination is normal, the yield of neuroimaging is low, and imaging can generally be deferred.
On Multiple Realities and the World of Film

This chapter presents an analysis of the “reality depicted within the film, “ the “ ilmic reality, “ in terms of Alfred Schutz’s delineation of the features of multiple realities.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Technetium(III) Nitrosyl Compound: Tc(NO)(Cl)(SC10H13)3.

Starting with (I) in the presence of the guanidine compound as a proton sponge the diamagnetic, the neutral title complex (III) is obtained in which the nitrosyl group and one chloride are retained (space group C2/c, Z = 8).
Factors Influencing the Atmospheric Depositional Fluxes of Stable Pb, 210Pb, and 7Be into Chesapeake Bay

Atmospheric depositional fluxes of 7Be and210Pb (bulk) and stable Pb (wet) were measuredsimultaneously for one year (from September 1995–August 1996) atStillpond, Maryland on the uppereastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay. The annual total(bulk) depositional fluxes of 210Pb and 7Bewere 0.78 and 13 dpm cm-2, respectively, andagree well with other previously reported results atnearby locations such as Norfolk, VA and Lewes, DE. The wet depositional flux of stable Pb (58 ng cm-2 yr-1)was also similar to thatmeasured at other Chesapeake sites during 1990–1991(55 ng cm-2 yr-1, for both Wye and Elms,Maryland). This suggests that a constant Pb flux hasbeen reached since the mandatory use of unleadedgasoline was instituted. The concentrations of7Be, 210Pb, and to a lesser extent stable Pbwere diluted exponentially by precipitation, based onconcentrations versus precipitation plots. Due tohigher enrichment of 210Pb in the lowertroposphere, the dilution effect was largest on210Pb (i.e., controlled mainly by below-cloudscavenging processes), and thus its depositional fluxincrease is negligible as precipitation amountincreases. A good correlation between the amount ofprecipitation and total depositional flux of 7Beand stable Pb, which are more enriched in the uppertroposphere, suggests that precipitation amount isimportant in controlling their fluxes (i.e.,controlled by both below-cloud scavenging and in-cloudcondensation processes). Based on 7Be versus210Pb plots, it appears that 7Be, relativeto 210Pb, is less efficiently scavenged bysnowfall. Our results suggest that in addition toprecipitation amounts, marine air-mass transport orsnowfall may be important factors in controlling theseasonal variability of the fallout fluxes of tracemetals in coastal areas.
Surgical Pelvic Neuroanatomy: An Overview of Commonly Encountered Nerves in Benign Gynecologic Surgeries and Safe Dissection Techniques

Video Objective A thorough understanding of the natural course and functions of the nerves in the pelvis is critical in complex benign gynecological surgery to avoid injury and morbidity to the patient. This video reviews how to locate and safely dissect common nerves found in the pelvis that may be encountered in complex gynecological cases. Setting Multiple patients at a large academic center with a robust team of minimally invasive gynecologic surgeons. Many patients have extensive adhesions or severe endometriosis. Interventions Multiple nerves, such as the superior hypogastric plexus, hypogastric nerves, pelvic splanchnic nerves, sacral nerve roots, and the genitofemoral nerves, are dissected out during the course of the surgery. Simple surgical techniques, such as traction-countertraction and blunt dissection are employed. Conclusion In complex gynecologic surgeries, the disease process may require extensive dissections in to the retroperitoneal spaces, where critical pelvic nerves are at risk for injury. With increased knowledge of the natural course of the nerves as well as having an array of dissection techniques, the surgeon can decrease the risk of inadvertent nerve injury and patient morbidity. If the disease is severely involved in areas where fragile nerves are, consideration needs to be given for a nerve preservation.
Molecular and Cellular Differences in Cardiac Repair of Male and Female Mice.

Background Leukocyte-directed biosynthesis of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) orchestrates physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. Deficiency of SPMs drives pathological and nonresolving inflammation, leading to heart failure (HF). Differences in SPMs and inflammatory responses caused by sex-specific differences are of interest. We differentiated leukocyte-directed biosynthesis of lipid mediators in male and female mice, focusing on leukocyte populations, structural remodeling, functional recovery, and survival rates. Methods and Results Risk-free male and female C57BL/6 mice were selected as naive controls or subjected to myocardial infarction surgery. Molecular and cellular mechanisms that differentiate survival, heart function, and structure and leukocyte-directed lipid mediators were quantified to describe physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. Female mice show improved survival in acute HF but no statistical difference during chronic HF compared with male mice. Female mice improved survival is marked with functional recovery and limited remodeling compared with male mice. Male and female mice are similarly responsive to arachidonate lipoxygenase (LOX-5, LOX-12, LOX-15) or cyclooxygenase (COX-1, COX-2) in acute HF and particularly male infarcted heart had overall increased SPMs. Female cardiac healing is marked with the biosynthesis of differential p450-derived product, particularly 11,12 epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in acute HF. A sex-specific difference of dendritic cells in acute HF is distinct, with limited changes in chronic HF. Conclusions Cardiac repair is marked with increased SPM biosynthesis in male mice and amplified epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in female mice. Female mice showed improved survival, functional recovery, and limited remodeling, which are signs of fine-tuned physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. These results rationalize the sex-specific precise therapies and differential treatments in acute and chronic HF.
A recombinant platform to characterize the role of transmembrane protein hTMEM205 in Pt(II)-drug resistance and extrusion.

Platinum-coordination complexes are among the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs used in clinics for the treatment of cancer. Despite their efficacy, cancer cells can develop drug resistance leading to treatment failure and relapse. Cellular uptake and extrusion of Pt(II)-complexes mediated by transmembrane proteins are critical in controlling the intracellular concentration of Pt(II)-drugs and in developing pre-target resistance. TMEM205 is a human transmembrane protein (hTMEM205) overexpressed in cancer cells that are resistant to cisplatin, but its molecular function underlying – resistance remains elusive. We developed a low-cost and high-throughput recombinant expression platform coupled to in vivo functional resistance assays to study the molecular mechanism by which the orphan hTMEM205 protects against Pt(II)-complex toxicity. Based on the original observation by the Rosenberg group, which led to the discovery of cisplatin, we performed quantitative analysis of the effects of Pt(II)-coordination complexes on cellular growth and filamentation in E. coli cells expressing hTMEM205. By coupling our methods with Pt quantification and cellular profiling in control and hTMEM205-expressing cells, we demonstrate that hTMEM205 mediates Pt(II)-drug export selectively towards cisplatin and oxaliplatin but not carboplatin. By mutation analysis, we reveal that hTMEM205 recognizes and allows Pt(II)-extrusion by a putative sulfur-based translocation mechanism, thereby resulting in pre-target resistance. Thus, hTMEM205 represents a new potential target that can be exploited to reduce cellular resistance towards Pt(II)-drugs.
E-211 Aneurysm size and impact on middle cerebral artery pressure: changes following flow diversion

Background The impact of cerebral aneurysm size on distal intracranial hemodynamics such as pressure is not completely understood, either before or after flow diversion (FD). Objective To assess the impact of aneurysm size on distal pressure before and after FD.METHODS Beginning in December 2015, prospective measurement of middle cerebral artery (MCA) pressure was completed in consecutive patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms in the ophthalmic to communicating segments of the internal carotid artery which were treated with a single FD. Pressure was recorded at the M1 segment ipsilateral to the cerebral aneurysm. Ratio of MCA to radial arterial pressure (pressure ratio, PR) controlled for variations in systemic blood pressure. Correlation between aneurysm size and MCA PR was assessed before and after treatment. Results 29 aneurysms were treated in 27 patients. Mean aneurysm size was 7.4 mm (2–27 mm). Aneurysm size correlated linearly with systolic PR (1% per mm, p=0.001, r2=0.33; figure 1A) and mean PR (0.6% per mm, p=0.03, r2=0.17; figure 1B). After FD, aneurysm size continued to have a linear correlation with the systolic PR (1% per mm, p=0.004, r2=0.28; figure 1A), but not with the mean PR (0.4% per mm, p=0.15, r2 Conclusion Aneurysm size affects distal hemodynamics: patients with larger aneurysms have increased systolic and mean MCA PR. After FD, mean MCA PR no longer associates with the aneurysm size, suggesting an effect of the FD on distal intracranial hemodynamics. Disclosures D. Brunozzi: None. A. See: None. A. Alaraj: 1; C; NIH. 2; C; Cerenovus, Siemens.
Iterative Respacing of Polygonal Curves.

A $\textit{polygonal curve}$ is a collection of $m$ connected line segments specified as the linear interpolation of a list of points $\{p_0, p_1, \ldots, p_m\}$. These curves may be obtained by sampling points from an oriented curve in $\mathbb{R}^n$. In applications it can be useful for this sample of points to be close to \textit{equilateral}, with equal distance between consecutive points. We present a computationally efficient method for respacing the points of a polygonal curve and show that iteration of this method converges to an equilateral polygonal curve.
Size Matters: Early Gastrostomy Tube Dislodgment in Children.

Background: Gastrostomy tube (g-tube) complications are typically minor and site related with major complications related to dislodgment before tract establishment. With the recent adoption of 12F ...
Initial characterization of electron temperature and density profiles in PEGASUS spherical tokamak discharges driven solely by local helicity injection

Local helicity injection (LHI) is a non-solenoidal startup technique that utilizes electron current injectors at the plasma edge to initiate tokamak discharges. Viable non-solenoidal startup techniques require high central Te to combat resistive losses and enhance coupling to auxiliary methods of current drive/heating. Thomson scattering measurements of LHI discharges in Pegasus showed peaked Te profiles at Ip∼0.15 MA and Bt∼0.15 T with Te,0∼100– 150 eV. These results are similar to Te profiles observed with Ohmic induction. At lower levels of Bt, LHI Te profiles were hollow with Te,0∼40 eV and Te,max≤120 eV depending upon the helicity input. Regardless of the Bt level and helicity input, the electron pressure profiles were flat/peaked with hollow JR profiles. Equilibrium reconstructions and measurements of core absolute extreme ultraviolet radiation suggest the hollow Te profiles are a result of very low resistive heating power in the core due to the edge-localized nature of LHI and low-Z line radiation losses. Estimates of Zeff from the plasma conductivity indicate averaged values of ∼1 or ∼3 assuming neoclassical or Spitzer conductivity, respectively. When auxiliary heating power from magnetic reconnection is considered, this observed LHI performance is comparable to expectations from a linear Ohmic confinement scaling estimate and a collisional stochastic confinement scaling estimate of the core plasma region.
Prototype expert system trouble-shooter for the ANEX structural engineering teaching laboratory

This article describes the design and evaluation of a knowledge-based expert system, called "TROUBLE-SHOOTER," developed for use in the newly developed "ANEX" undergraduate structural engineering teaching laboratory at the University of Missouri-Rolla. ANEX is a portable, computer-assisted mini-laboratory that students use interactively to investigate correlations between computerized structural analyses and physical experiments performed on small-scale model structures. TROUBLE-SHOOTER was developed using LEVEL5 OBJECT® for Microsoft® WindowsTM expert system shell. It is intended to act as a trouble-shooter for various analytical and/or experimental problems that students could encounter during typical ANEX sessions.
Do semantically equivalent SQL queries perform differently

The relational database query language SQL (originally, "SEQUEL") was first developed as a non-procedural language: the user should specify only what data is desired, leaving it to the the system's query optimizer to determine how the data is accessed [ASTR 75]. IBM pioneered the development of query optimizer technology that would achieve this ideal, beginning with the well-known optimizer of System R [SELI 79], the prototype relational database management system (DBMS) developed at IBM Research Laboratory in San Jose, California during the late 1970's. The IBM products SQL/DS [SQL 84] and DB2 [CHEN 84], as well as the experimental distributed DBMS prototype R∗ [LOHM 85], contain optimizers that are based upon the System R prototype.
Bioacoustic Signal Classification Based on Continuous Region Processing, Grid Masking and Artificial Neural Network

In this paper, we develop a novel method based on machine-learning and image processing to identify North Atlantic right whale (NARW) up-calls in the presence of high levels of ambient and interfering noise. We apply a continuous region algorithm on the spectrogram to extract the regions of interest, and then use grid masking techniques to generate a small feature set that is then used in an artificial neural network classifier to identify the NARW up-calls. It is shown that the proposed technique is effective in detecting and capturing even very faint up-calls, in the presence of ambient and interfering noises. The method is evaluated on a dataset recorded in Massachusetts Bay, United States. The dataset includes 20000 sound clips for training, and 10000 sound clips for testing. The results show that the proposed technique can achieve an error rate of less than FPR = 4.5% for a 90% true positive rate.
Standing and the Establishment Clause in the Wake of Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn: Who is the Proper Plaintiff to Take a Stand in Tax Credit School Cases?

In Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn, the Court once again sidestepped the substantive Establishment Clause issue by determining the plaintiffs did not have standing. Plaintiffs challenged Arizona Rev. Statute § 43-1089, a complex statutory scheme where taxpayers can receive a dollar-for-dollar tax credit for donations made to Student Tuition Organizations (STOs). The STOs then funnel the money to the parents, the intended beneficiaries, who are seeking private schooling options for their children. The statute, however, allows the STOs to discriminate on religious grounds severely curtailing the genuine choice by parents.The ramifications of the ACSTO decision are wide-ranging. The Court redefined the injury necessary to the continued vitality of the Flast v. Cohen exception and created new distinctions between tax credits and appropriations. In effect, the Court restricted Flast to the point of extinction.While the Flast exception is no longer a viable option to challenge the constitutionality of Section 1089, Arizona’s program warrants federal judicial review. The intended beneficiaries of Section 1089 may be able to establish standing under Texas Monthly v. Bullock due to the underinclusive effect of the program. In the wake of ACSTO, it is imperative a plaintiff is found to challenge Section 1089’s constitutionality. The majority justified its decision to deny standing because of the need to retain legitimacy in the federal court system. However, if Justice Kagan is correct that the Court created a roadmap allowing legislatures to circumvent the Establishment Clause and the decision subsequently bars plaintiffs suffering violations of their individualized rights, the Court’s legitimacy and the protections secured by the Establishment Clause will be undermined.
The volatile constituents of coffee—III : The structures of two heterocyclic compounds and the synthesis of tetrahydrofuranones☆

Abstract This paper describes the elucidation of the structures of two volatile constituents of roasted coffee by means of spectroscopic techniques. A convenient synthetic procedure for tetrahydrofuranones and tetrahydrothiophenones is also described.