cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conflicts Between Venture Capitalists and CEO's of their Portfolio Companies

Prior research has established that venture capitalists (VCs) and CEOs of their portfolio companies often disagree on venture policies. Such disagreements can escalate into cognitive conflicts. Relationship-based, or affective, conflict may also arise between VCs and CEOs. This paper examines the antecedents and dynamics of such VC-CEO conflicts and their effects on CEOs' expectations as to what financial intermediaries they would like to choose for their new ventures. Based on a survey of 104 CEOs of VC-backed ventures, we establish that, following conflict with VCs, CEOs may elect to avoid using any financial intermediaries, or to choose business angels or corporations as financial intermediaries. Alternatively, CEOs may decide that they still want to work with VCs in the future and strive to ameliorate their collaboration with VCs.
Sonorancy and geminacy

This paper establishes the claim that geminate sonorants are cross-linguistically marked, and furthermore, that the relative sonority of a geminate positively correlates with its markedness, i.e., the universal ranking *GEMGLIDE » *GEMLIQUID » *GEMNASAL holds. This ranking is supported by a cross-linguistic survey of geminate inventories (Podesva 2002; Taylor 1985) as well as by a number of phonological alternations. Second, this paper proposes that this markedness hierarchy derives from the confusability of geminacy contrasts for sonorant segments: the more sonorous a segment is, the more difficult it is to perceive its segmental duration, and hence the less perceptible its geminacy contrasts are. A perceptual experiment on Arabic is reported to support this proposal, which shows that discriminability of geminacy contrasts negatively correlates with relative sonority. The results add to a growing body of literature that claims that languages avoid making a phonological contrast that is not very perceptible, as in Adaptive Dispersion Theory (Flemming 1995; Liljencrants and Lindblom 1972; Padgett 2003) and Licensing-by-Cue (Steriade 1997).
Numerical Differentiation and Integration

Differentiation and integration are infinitary concepts of calculus; that is, they are defined by means of a limit process – the limit of the difference quotient in the first instance, the limit of Riemann sums in the second. Since limit processes cannot be carried out on the computer, we must replace them by finite processes. The tools to do so come from the theory of polynomial interpolation (Chap. 2, Sect. 2.2). They not only provide us with approximate formulae for the limits in question, but also permit us to estimate the errors committed and discuss convergence.
Technology for the delivery of hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a survey of techniques.

The management of peritoneal metastases remains one of the most challenging problems in clinical oncology. Over the last decade, interest in the use of aggressive cytoreductive surgery combined with intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has increased. This interest has been fueled by data from single institutions and collected series demonstrating long-term survival for selected patients with peritoneal surface metastases treated with this combined modality approach. Along with the availability of new cytotoxic and biological therapies for gastrointestinal cancers, recent data demonstrating the value of intraperitoneal therapy for ovarian cancer have provided new energy to investigations of HIPEC. Despite the proliferation of single-institution studies, there has been only a single large randomized study of HIPEC in colon carcinoma.
Characteristics of U. S. Poultry Statistics

The production of poultry and eggs has developed into one of the leading agricultural industries of the United States. Farm income from chicken and eggs has been close to a billion dollars annually during the last four years. In 1920 and again in 1929 it reached approximately one and one-half billion dollars. Income from turkey production amounted to almost 69 million dollars in 1938 and is expected to be even larger in 1939 because of a 22 per cent larger production, the largest of record, with only a small decline in prices. Annual income from ducks and geese is probably between 15 and 20 million dollars. Farm income from poultry products ranked fourth in 1937 and 1938 as a source of farm income, being exceeded only by the value of milk, cattle and calves, and hogs. It exceeds the income not only from every other major agricultural commodity, but the combined income from large groups of commodities, such as all grains, all vegetables, and all fruits. The chicken and egg industry, which is found on 86 per cent of the farms in the United States, has a significant influence on the living standards in farm homes as it has long been a principal source of cash income for the payment of current household expenses. The stability of the enterprise during late depression years has emphasized its importance in the farm economy. Until comparatively recent years production of chicken and eggs was almost exclusively in moderate sized farm flocks but during the last 20 years the industry has become more and more specialized with commercial production in large flocks becoming more widespread. Development of Poultry Data.-The first general statistics on chicken and eggs were collected by the United States Census Bureau in 1880. Every 10 years from that time until 1920 and every 5 years since 1920 the Census has collected information on numbers of chickens and other classes of poultry and on production of chicken and eggs. Since about 1920, the data from the Census have been supplemented by annual information on January numbers of layers, collected by the Department of Agriculture from crop correspondents. Beginning in 1924 monthly inquiries were begun by the Department covering both numbers of layers and production of eggs. During the last three years various intensive studies have been made, covering the whole field of poultry statistics including in-
Effectiveness of Select Synch (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Prostaglandin F2α) for Synchronizing Estrus in Replacement Beef Heifers1

Our objective was to determine if a 7-d, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) + prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) protocol (Select Synch) was effective for synchronizing estrus in replacement beef heifers compared with two traditionally used programs. Heifers (n = 637) consisting of Angus, Hereford, Simmental, and Hereford × Angus breeding at three Kansas locations were assigned randomly to each of three treatments: 1) melengestrol acetate (MGA●; 0.5 mg/d per heifer for 14 d) starting on d –31 plus 25 mg of PGF2α administered 17 d later (d 0; MGA + PGF2α; n = 301); 2) two 25-mg injections of PGF2α given 14 d apart (d –14 and 0; 2 × PGF2α; n = 176); or 3) injection of 100 mg of GnRH (d –7) followed by 25 mg of PGF2α (d 0; Select Synch; n = 160). Twice daily observations for estrus began on d –5 and continued until at least d 10. Inseminations were performed 10 to 14 h after first detected estrus. Pregnancy was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography between 33 and 37 d after insemination. A greater (P<0.05) percentage of heifers on the MGA + PGF2α (83%) treatment than on the Select Synch (73%) or 2 × PGF2α (71%) treatment were detected in estrus during the target breeding week. Average interval to estrus from the second or only injection of PGF2α was greater (P<0.001) after MGA + PGF2α (72.1 ± 2.5 h) and 2 × PGF2α (71.3 ± 2.5 h) treatments than after the Select Synch (54.3 ± 2.4 h) treatment. Overall conception and pregnancy were not different. There were treatment × location interactions for conception and pregnancy rates. All three programs synchronized estrus, but overall, because more heifers in the MGA + PGF2α treatment were detected in estrus during the target breeding week, this protocol tended to be most effective.
A Study of the Defense Mechanism Involved in Hereditary Resistance to Pullorum Disease of the Domestic Fowl

Evidence has been presented by Roberts and Card (1935) showing that resistance and susceptibility of chicks to infection with Salmonella pullorum are hereditary. It was further shown that acquired resistance was not a factor in their experiments. All chicks were inoculated at 1 day of age, which did not allow time for the development of an acquired immunity between the time of hatching and inoculation. It is well established, however, that eggs produced by infected hens may contain the organism of pullorum disease, thus giving rise to the possibility that an immunity to the disease might be acquired during embryonic development. If such were the case progeny of infected hens should show a higher resistance to infection than the progeny of non-infected hens. Experiments designed to test this, showed that there was no significant difference in resistance between progenies of infected and non-infected hens.
Abstract B05: PI3K/mTOR pathway-dependent regulation of oxygen metabolism via pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)-E1alpha phosphorylation

The PI3K/mTOR pathway plays a central role in coupling metabolic processes to the cellular proliferative state. In the current study we show that pharmacological inhibition of this pathway leads to a decrease in hypoxia within SQ20B human head and neck cancer xenografts. The mechanism underlying the effect appears in part to be due to reduced tumor cell oxygen consumption induced by the drug. Pharmacologic inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway or genetic inhibition of Akt/PI3K decreased the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in transformed cell lines in vitro by 30-40%. Pharmacologic inhibition of this pathway increased phosphorylation of the E1alpha subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex on Ser293, an inhibitory modification of this critical gatekeeper of mitochondrial respiration. Expressing wild type PTEN in a doxycycline-inducible manner in a glioblastoma cell line with mutant PTEN led to an increase in PDH-E1alpha phosphorylation and a decrease in OCR. The decrease in OCR with PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition was recapitulated by knocking down PDH-E1alpha expression using siRNA. Pre-treatment with dichloroacetate (DCA), a known inhibitor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) that phosphorylate PDH-E1alpha prevented the upregulation in PDH-E1alpha phosphorylation, induced by inhibition of the pathway and also blunted the decrease in OCR. Our findings highlight an association between the PI3K/mTOR pathway and tumor cell oxygen consumption and reveal a novel link between this pathway and PDH phosphorylation. These results have important implications for understanding the effects PI3K pathway activation in tumor metabolism and also in the use of inhibitors of this pathway in cancer therapy Citation Format: George Cerniglia, Souvik Dey, Shannon M. Gallagher-Colombo, Natalie Daurio, Stephen Tuttle, Theresa M. Busch, Alexander Lin, Tatiana V. Esipova, Sergei Vinogradov, Constantinos Koumenis, Amit Maity. PI3K/mTOR pathway-dependent regulation of oxygen metabolism via pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)-E1alpha phosphorylation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting the PI3K-mTOR Network in Cancer; Sep 14-17, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B05.
Transfer molding high-voltage transformers on lead frames improves reliability, economy and design flexibility

It has been shown that lead frame technology, successfully utilized with integrated circuits, is very adaptable to different and larger components. Reliability is improved and costs are reduced. Design flexibility is enhanced with simpler, easily adaptable mechanical packaging.
Injectable biologic case studies.

OBJECTIVE To identify strategies used by a commercial managed care organization (MCO) to affect appropriate cost-effective use and prioritize payment for biologic agents. SUMMARY With the rapid increase in the number of biologic agents and the lack of head-to-head comparative trials, determining clinical superiority of one agent may be challenging. Four case studies are presented that highlight strategies used by a commercial MCO to manage the costs and utilization of these agents and identify a preferred biologic therapy to recommend for its internally developed prior-authorization (PA) criteria for rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis. The first case illustrates how the route of drug administration, differences in distribution channels, and the need for cotherapy can impact the overall cost of therapy. The second case demonstrates the need for tight control of drug utilization when a biologic agent offers only marginal incremental clinical benefit over existing options but at a substantial increase in cost. The third case provides an example of the relationship between increased efficacy and the cost of therapy, and the fourth case demonstrates that PA criteria can be flexible with respect to drug coverage when clear therapeutic differences have not been demonstrated among drugs. CONCLUSION As more biologic agents become available, it is critical that pharmacy decision makers critically evaluate these innovative new therapies by using the best available evidence to determine the products that provide the greatest clinical and economic value.
MHD Magnet Design for the J. E. Corette Plant Retrofit

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the conceptual design of the superconducting magnet system for the coal-fired MHD retrofit of the Corette plant. The basic magnet requirements are driven by increased MHD system performance, and a high degree of reliability. High magnetic fields increase the net channel output from MHD systems: the peak channel field used is 4.5 T. These high magnetic fields require the use of superconducting coils to reduce operating costs. Reliability is enhanced by using a current density of about 3,000 A/crn2, resulting in a high stability margin. The conductor concept chosen is NbTi cooled with pool-boiling 4.2 K helium. An efficient superstructure is used to carry the Lorentz forces when the coil is operating. Wherever possible, off-the-shelf components are used for power supplies, refrigerators, etc. In terms of overall size and stored energy this coil is similar to other large magnet systems that have been built and operated successfully, and hence will not require significant technology development.
Criteria for Evaluating Models of Intrapersonal Communication Processes

(1992). Criteria for Evaluating Models of Intrapersonal Communication Processes. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 15, Communication Yearbook 15, pp. 633-643.
Modeling human-skeleton motion patterns using conditional deep Boltzmann machine

This paper addresses the problem of modeling long-range motion patterns of a 3D human skeleton performing an activity. This problem is important, as such a model can be used in many applications, including person tracking via 3D pose estimation, and probabilistic sampling of realistic 3D skeleton sequences conducting different activities with different motion styles. To this end, we formulate a new generative model, called conditional deep Boltzmann machine (CDBM). CDBM defines a joint distribution of two hidden layers and 3D-skeleton pose predictions in the near future given human skeleton observations from the recent past. Our CDBM extends the conditional restricted Boltzmann machine (CRBM) and the factored conditional restricted Boltzmann machine (FCRBM) by introducing an additional hidden layer and removing the style layer, while preserving the computational efficiency of CRBM and FCRBM. The new hidden variables are aimed at capturing long-range and high-order spatiotemporal interactions among human body joints, and thus enable CDBM to effectively model 3D motion sequences with different activities and motion styles with a single set of parameters. Our experiments on the benchmark Motion Capture and HumanEva datasets demonstrate that our CDBM outperforms CRBM and achieves on par performance with FCRBM both in 3D pose based person tracking and realistic 3D skeleton sequence generating.
Detecting Measurement Disturbances in Rater‐Mediated Assessments

The term measurement disturbance has been used to describe systematic conditions that affect a measurement process, resulting in a compromised interpretation of person or item estimates. Measurement disturbances have been discussed in relation to systematic response patterns associated with items and persons, such as start-up, plodding, boredom, or fatigue. An understanding of the different types of measurement disturbances can lead to a more complete understanding of persons or items in terms of the construct being measured. Although measurement disturbances have been explored in several contexts, they have not been explicitly considered in the context of performance assessments. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the use of graphical methods to explore measurement disturbances related to raters within the context of a writing assessment. Graphical displays that illustrate the alignment between expected and empirical rater response functions are considered as they relate to indicators of rating quality based on the Rasch model. Results suggest that graphical displays can be used to identify measurement disturbances for raters related to specific ranges of student achievement that suggest potential rater bias. Further, results highlight the added diagnostic value of graphical displays for detecting measurement disturbances that are not captured using Rasch model–data fit statistics.
The many faces of Hodgkin's disease around the world: What have we learned from its pathology?

In the past decade there have been many advances in our understanding of Hodgkin's disease. Among the most important is the discovery that the Reed-Sternberg cell is a lymphoid cell, in most cases a B cell, and that it is clonal, and thus a true lymphoma, deserving of a name change, to 'Hodgkin's lymphoma' (HL). Based on a combination of immunophenotype and morphology, the R.E.A.L. Classification recognizes two main types of HL: classical types (nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-rich classical HL, and lymphocyte depletion) and nodular lymphocyte predominance type (NLPHL), which probably represent distinct biological entities. The immunophenotype and genetic features of both classical HL and NLPHL have been defined. These are useful in the subclassification of HL and in distinguishing HL from two recently-described, aggressive lymphomas that were in the past often diagnosed as HL: anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, T-cell type (ALCL), and T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (T/HRBCL). Epstein-Barr virus has been detected in approximately 40% of the cases of classical HL, and is clonal, suggesting that this virus may play a role in the pathogenesis of at least some types of HL. The frequency of HL varies in different populations, and the frequency of EBV-positive HL appears to be inversely related to the overall frequency of HL in a given population. Thus, it is possible that its presence may simply reflect the prevalence of EBV-infected B cells in the individual. Despite the advances of the past ten years, many questions remain to be answered, and these will provide the challenges of the next decade.
Pre-operative features of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features: An analysis of their cytological, Gene Expression Classifier and sonographic findings.

Objective To investigate the corresponding cytological diagnoses, Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) results and ultrasound features of thyroid nodules diagnosed as non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), as well as any coexisting pathology. Methods We performed a retrospective review of thyroid nodules histologically diagnosed as NIFTP at our institution between 1st April 2016 and 1st April 2017. The following data points were collected: demographics, nodule size, ultrasound features, cytological diagnosis, GEC results, origin of sample (in-house vs outside hospital) and any additional pathology identified in the resection specimen. Results The case cohort included 87 nodules diagnosed as NIFTP (size range: 1-7 cm, mean: 2.5 cm) from 82 patients (age range: 22-82, mean age: 50.4, M:F-1:4.1). Corresponding FNA results were available for 72 nodules (82.8%) and were categorised as follows: benign (n = 5, 6.9%), atypia of unknown significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (n = 29, 40.3%), follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm/follicular neoplasm with oncocytic features (n = 27, 37.5%), suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 6, 8.3%) and malignant (n = 5, 6.9%). GEC results were available for 32 (44.4%) nodules, with the majority of cases classified as suspicious (81.3%). On ultrasound, most of the nodules were predominantly solid (81.8%), vascular (93.8%), non-calcified (86.5%), and either hypoechoic (44.9%) or isoechoic (38.8%). In addition to NIFTP and other benign findings in the background thyroid, 75 separate malignant tumours were identified in 38 (46.3%) patients, many of which were papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (86.5%) with lymph node metastases present in two cases. Conclusions The majority of thyroid nodules histologically diagnosed as NIFTP have indeterminate cytology (77.8%) and are classified as suspicious (81.3%) by GEC testing. Taken together, these findings can guide clinicians toward a more conservative therapeutic approach.
Evaluating critical points in trajectories

People form beliefs about intentions and preferences of robots as they observe robot movement. However, robots rarely optimize their movement to allow people to easily determine state preferences. In this work, we define critical points along robot trajectories that convey information about state preferences: inflection points are changes in direction and compromise points are the relative proportion of preferred states to non-preferred ones. We contribute an approach for automatically generating trajectory demonstrations with specified critical points, and test observers' abilities to understand and generalize our robot's preferences based on our generated demonstrations. Our results show that inflection points helped participants understand state preference ordering and allowed them to more accurately predict paths through new environments, while compromise points hindered understanding. We conclude that robots should evaluate their trajectories for critical points to increase human observer understanding.
A rule-based expert system applied to moisture durability of building envelopes:

The moisture durability of an envelope component such as a wall or roof is difficult to predict. Moisture durability depends on all the construction materials used, as well as the climate, orientat...
Dense Breast Notification Laws: Impact on Downstream Imaging After Screening Mammography.

Dense breast tissue is a common finding that decreases the sensitivity of mammography in detecting cancer. Many states have recently enacted dense breast notification (DBN) laws to provide patients...
Using coffee to compensate for poor sleep: Impact on vigilance and implications for workplace performance.

Abstract Poor sleep negatively impacts vigilance and is associated with reduced well-being and work productivity. While many individuals depend on caffeine to counteract the cognitive consequences of poor sleep and restore optimal work performance, few studies have naturalistically evaluated this strategy. This study examined the effects of coffee on vigilance, comparing individuals based on recent sleep quality. Sixty-nine participants completed two randomized, counterbalanced trials consisting of 237 ml water or coffee (100 mg caffeine), followed by a continuous performance test assessing vigilance at 30, 90, and 120 min. While coffee improved and stabilized reaction time at all three assessments regardless of recent sleep history, its effects on omission and commission errors were seen only at 90 min; coffee increased commission errors and only partially reduced omission errors in individuals reporting poor sleep quality. The use of coffee to combat poor sleep may therefore be detrimental in situations requiring inhibitory control.
Technology and public management: edited by Alan R. Shark, New York, NY, Taylor & Francis, 2015, 408 pp., ISBN-10: 113885266X (hardcover), ISBN-13:9781138852662 (paperback).

The overarching premise of Alan Shark’s Technology and Public Management is that technology tools are essential enablers for public agencies. They facilitate internal efficiencies as well as enhanc...
A Model-Based Approach to Investigate the Effect of a Long Bone Fracture on Ultrasound Strain Elastography

The mechanical behavior of long bones and fractures has been under investigation for many decades due to its complexity and clinical relevance. In this paper, we report a new subject-specific methodology to predict and analyze the mechanical behavior of the soft tissue at a bone interface with the intent of identifying the presence and location of bone abnormalities with high accuracy, spatial resolution, and contrast. The proposed methodology was tested on both intact and fractured rabbit femur samples with finite element-based 3-D simulations, created from actual femur computed tomography data, and ultrasound elastography experiments. The results included in this study demonstrate that elastographic strains at the bone/soft tissue interface can be used to differentiate fractured femurs from the intact ones on a distribution level. These results also demonstrate that coronal plane axial shear strain creates a unique contrast mechanism that can be used to reliably detect fractures (both complete and incomplete) in long bones. Kruskal–Wallis test further demonstrates that the contrast measure for the fracture group (simulation: 2.1286±0.2206; experiment: 2.7034 ± 1.0672) is significantly different from that for the intact group (simulation: 0 ± 0; experiment: 1.1540±0.6909) when using coronal plane axial shear strain elastography ( $p$ < 0.01). We conclude that: 1) elastography techniques can be used to accurately identify the presence and location of fractures in a long bone and 2) the proposed model-based approach can be used to predict and analyze strains at a bone fracture site and to better interpret experimental elastographic data.
On the Role of Nucleic Acids as Genes Conferring Precise Chemospecificity to Differentiated Cell Lines

We shall focus attention today on two types of rellular differentiation in which highly specific cells are produced. The first example is the development of the brain.
Methods of Metal Patterning and Etching

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the methods of metal patterning and etching. Photolithography equipment and processes are available for use in the patterning of metallizations suitable for very-large-scale-integration applications where the critical dimensions are in excess of about 1.0 μm. Improvements in equipment, photoresist materials, and the use of multiple layers and contrast enhancement materials may push the lower limits of optical lithography to the 0.5 μm or lower. At the same time, electron beam and X-ray lithography are being improved with the goal of implementing submicron processes on a manufacturing scale. Dry etch techniques for pattern replication also have demonstrated capabilities in the 1.0 μm range. Decreasing geometries and increasing wafer sizes, however, represent a combination that most likely requires the abandonment of batch etch systems in favor of single-wafer systems. Etch rate improvements, as well as more accurate and more responsive endpoint detection and control, and greater selectivity to both resist and substrate are important factors in etch equipment and process development.
Isotopic Abundances in the Atmosphere and Sources

The ultimate goal of isotopic studies of atmospheric CH4 is to contribute to the understanding of the atmospheric CH4 cycle by determining the relative fluxes from various categories of sources and the causes of the increasing concentration (Stevens and Engelkemeir, 1988; Quay et al.,1988; Wahlen et al., 1989). Because the large number of generic anthropogenic source types makes it impossible to determine their relative strengths based on carbon-13 data alone, Stevens and Engelkemeir (1988) and Craig et al. (1988) used the isotopic data to calculate the flux of the source with the greatest uncertainty, namely biomass burning, making use of the estimated fluxes for the other sources from emission inventories. This method determined the flux and isotopic composition of the natural sources from the concentration and isotopic composition of CH4 in old polar ice cores assuming the same lifetime as now. The lifetime was mostly determined by the fluxes based on the emissions inventories. This approach does not use the lifetime as a constraint nor contribute to the knowledge of the major sources, which have significant uncertainties in the estimates based on emissions inventories. A better approach is to start with the constraint of the lifetime value based on the methyl chloroform cycle (see Mayer et al., 1982; Khalil and Rasmussen, 1983; Prinn et al., 1987; Cicerone and Oremland, 1988). Then it is possible to calculate the fluxes of the two most isotopically different sources, providing an estimate based on emissions inventories for one of the anthropogenic sources is used as a constraint. A source is chosen that introduces the least error, namely landfills, which is one of the smallest and has an isotopic composition closest to the average.
Institutional Entry Barriers and Technological Innovation

In this paper, we examine the effects of institutional entry barriers to new firms on incumbents’ technological innovation. In particular, we investigate the effect of municipal entry threat on inc...
Network Synchronization/Desynchronization Defects in the Pathogenesis of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Classical theory maintained that all significant information transmission in the central nervous system was implemented by the movement of neurotransmitters at axon-to-dendrite synapses. It is now understood that this is an incomplete description. An alternative understanding incorporates other forms of information transmission and emphasizes the role of synchronization in organizing CNS activity. This expanded view has immediate implications for the clinical response to neuropsychiatric disorders. Treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders should not focus exclusively on neurotransmitters acting at chemical synapses. Rather, the focus should expand to include a generic examination of network dysfunction. CNS network defects will, it is hypothesized, result in abnormalities of synchronization that may be diagnostically disclosing.
Aneurysm morphology in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: A case-control study.

Abstract Purpose Approximately 8% of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) develop intracranial aneurysms. The reason for development of intracranial aneurysms in ADPKD patients might be related to interactions between the presence of hypertension and the basic mechanism underlying the disease, which leads to weakness of the connective tissue. In this study, we aimed to identify differences in aneurysm morphology between ADPKD patients and a location-matched set of controls. Methods A total of 42 ADPKD patients and 49 control patients with 122 aneurysms were included. Aneurysm size, location, and morphology were evaluated by two neuroradiologists. Aneurysm morphology was classified into one of three groups: regular saccular, irregular saccular, and fusiform. Continuous variables were compared with chi-squared tests and categorical variables were compared with student’s t-test. Results When considering all patients, there was no significant difference in aneurysm morphology or size (4.5 ± 2.6 mm vs 5.4 ± 2.9 mm; p = 0.09) between the ADPKD and control group. In a subgroup analysis of medium and large aneurysms (n = 61), there was a significantly lower incidence of regular saccular aneurysms (28% vs. 56%; p = 0.03) and higher incidence of fusiform aneurysms (12% vs 0%; p = 0.03) in the ADPKD group compared to a control group. Conclusion When excluding categorically “small” aneurysms, there is a reduced incidence of regular saccular aneurysms and increased incidence of fusiform aneurysms in ADPKD patients compared to a control group. Further study of this population of patients is warranted to better understand their risks of aneurysm rupture and indications for treatment.
The Decadent Deep Sea: Jules Laforgue’s “At the Berlin Aquarium”

In “At the Berlin Aquarium” (1895) and “Impressionism” (1883), poet Jules Laforgue (1860–1887) reinterprets Darwinian science to affirmative of the possibility of an avant-garde revolution in perception, which is similar to the ways in which animals see. According to the poet, the physical eye of Impressionist artist can be liberated from the constraints of human thought. However, in Laforgue’s poem, this transcendent experience occurs within a city aquarium. The aquarium represents freedom for Laforgue because it is perceived as an escape from Western urban society. Nettleton thus also discusses the cultural interest in the Japanese paintings of the “Floating World” during the nineteenth century. Through an examination of aquatic literature of the period paired with contemporary zoo studies (Rothfels, Malamud), Nettleton illustrates the ways in which aquariums represented a new role for art to dive into the very origins of the human experience—within a glass enclosure.
The downsides of digital labor: Exploring the toll incivility takes on online comment moderators

Abstract This study sought to understand the effects of moderating uncivil online comments on the people who do this task. Results from an experiment (N = 747) show that moderating only uncivil comments made moderators less accurate at that task, more emotionally exhausted, and more dissatisfied with the task, relative to moderating only civil comments or a mix of civil and uncivil comments. In addition, results show evidence of a mediation effect. Specifically, moderating all uncivil comments made people more emotionally exhausted, and this exhaustion in turn led people to be less accurate in picking which comments to reject or accept for publication on a news site comment thread. However, moderating comments had no effect on perceptions of flow, an immersive experience, conceptually borne out of the field of positive psychology. Results suggest breaking up strenuous online labor tasks, such as comment moderation, and alternating comment moderation with other types of work to reduce the deleterious effects of the task.
Coarse grained simulation of convectively driven turbulent mixing, transition, and turbulence decay

Abstract Accurate predictions with quantifiable uncertainties are essential to many practical turbulent flow applications exhibiting extreme geometrical complexity and broad ranges of length and time scales. Under-resolved computer simulations are typically unavoidable in such applications, and implicit large-eddy simulation (ILES) often becomes the effective strategy. We focus on assessing ILES initialized with well-characterized 25 6 3 homogeneous isotropic turbulence datasets generated with direct numerical simulation (DNS). ILES solutions based on the LANL xRAGE code are studied as function of resolution for 6 4 3 , 12 8 3 , 25 6 3 , and 51 2 3 grids. ILES performance of new directionally-unsplit high-order numerical hydrodynamics algorithms in xRAGE is examined in this context. Compared to the initial 25 6 3 DNS, we find longer inertial subranges and higher turbulence Reynolds number (Re) for 25 6 3 and 51 2 3 xRAGE — attributed to having linked DNS (Navier–Stokes based) solutions to nominally inviscid (higher Re) Euler based ILES solutions. For fixed 25 6 3 resolution, we find that significantly larger simulated turbulence Re can be achieved with the higher-order unsplit (vs. split) discretizations.
Toward Controlled Thermal Energy Storage and Release in Organic Phase Change Materials

Download : Download high-res image (105KB) Download : Download full-size image Grace Han was born in South Korea and graduated from POSTECH with a BS in Chemistry. She obtained her PhD in Chemistry at MIT in 2015 and joined the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at MIT as a postdoctoral associate. Grace started her independent career as an assistant professor at the Department of Chemistry at Brandeis University in 2018. Her research interests span energy conversion and storage, molecular switch chemistry, phase transition of materials, and atomic-resolution molecular imaging. Download : Download high-res image (79KB) Download : Download full-size image Mihael Gerkman received his BS in Chemistry from SUNY Potsdam in 2016. Currently, he is pursuing his PhD at Brandies University in the Han group. His research is focused on the synthesis of novel molecular switches and the study of their reversible isomerization dynamics in condensed phases for thermal energy storage applications.
An Emerging Scholar’s Guide to the Leading International Information Systems and Business Analytics Research Resources and Publication Outlets

Many emerging scholars in information systems (IS) or analytics often feel overwhelmed as to the actual research resources they should be using for researching their topics. Perhaps even more overwhelming is trying to understand which journals and outlets are of the highest quality, versus those that are of lesser quality. This is a particularly important consideration for career advancement, because the quality of outlets one publishes in is a key consideration in tenure and promotion decisions. In fact, it is the primary consideration at top business schools, which routinely require ‘elite’ journal publications for tenure and promotion. Thus, publishing in too low quality of outlets can have very deleterious effects on one’s compensation and career advancement. Unfortunately, many new scholars start off with a publication focus that they later come to regret because the realize too late they weren’t focused on high enough quality research and outlets. Thus, the purpose of this pragmatic working paper is to share research and publication tips for budding IS and analytics scholars, so that they can start off on a solid foundation and avoid some of these common mistakes. I start by overviewing key library and online research resources that every IS and analytics scholar should be familiar with. I also overview leading resources that provide scholars with electronic access to working papers and forthcoming papers, and resources that provide other social networking and knowledge exchange opportunities. Meanwhile, during my career I have conducted substantial research and scientometrics and journals rankings, so I next overview some of these studies, and then I lay out my understanding of what is generally considered the top IS and analytics journals. I also list the key top journals in affiliated fields that IS and analytics researchers also tend to use — especially those who work at business schools.
Prediction of biological age and all-cause mortality by 12-lead electrocardiogram in patients without structural heart disease.

Background There is a well-established relationship between 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and age and mortality. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that ECG can be used to predict biological age. However, the utility of biological age from ECG for predicting mortality remains unclear. Methods This was a single-center cohort study from a cardiology specialized hospital. A total of 19,170 patients registered in this study from February 2010 to March 2018. ECG was analyzed in a final 12,837 patients after excluding those with structural heart disease or with pacing beats, atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmia, or an indeterminate axis (R axis > 180°) on index ECG. The models for biological age were developed by principal component analysis (BA) and the Klemera and Doubal's method (not adjusted for age [BAE] and adjusted for age [BAEC]) using 438 ECG parameters. The predictive capability for all-cause death and cardiovascular death by chronological age (CA) and biological age using the three algorithms were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results During the mean follow-up period of 320.4 days, there were 55 all-cause deaths and 23 cardiovascular deaths. The predictive capabilities for all-cause death by BA, BAE, and BAEC using area under the curves were 0.731, 0.657, and 0.685, respectively, which were comparable to 0.725 for CA (p = 0.760, 0.141, and 0.308, respectively). The predictive capabilities for cardiovascular death by BA, BAE, and BAEC were 0.682, 0.685, and 0.692, respectively, which were also comparable to 0.674 for CA (p = 0.775, 0.839, and 0.706, respectively). In patients aged 60-74 years old, the area under the curves for all-cause death by BA, BAE, and BAEC were 0.619, 0.702, and 0.697, respectively, which tended to be or were significantly higher than 0.482 for CA (p = 0.064, 0.006, and 0.005, respectively). Conclusion Biological age by 12-lead ECG showed a similar predictive capability for mortality compared to CA among total patients, but partially showed a significant increase in predictive capability among patients aged 60-74 years old.
Early plant organics increased global terrestrial mud deposition through enhanced flocculation

An irreversible increase in alluvial mudrock occurred with the Ordovician-Silurian evolution of bryophytes, challenging a paradigm that deep-rooted plants were responsible for this landscape shift. We tested the idea that increased primary production and plant organics promoted aggregation of clay into flocs in rivers and facilitated mud deposition on floodplains. In experiments, we observed that clay readily flocculated for organic and clay concentrations common to modern rivers, yielding settling velocities three orders of magnitude larger than those without organics. Using a transport model, we found that flocculation substantially increased mud deposition, resulting in muddier floodplains. Thus, organic-induced flocculation may have been more critical than deep-rooted plants in the proliferation of muddy floodplains.
Horseshoe Kidney in Conjunction With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Case Report:

Horseshoe kidney in the presence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is a rare occurrence of two relatively common and unrelated renal findings. Visualization of multiple, bilateral cys...
Granulomatous Dermatitis Associated With Rubella Virus Infection in an Adult With Immunodeficiency.

Importance Immunodeficiency-related, vaccine-derived rubella virus (RuV) as an antigenic trigger of cutaneous and visceral granulomas is a rare, recently described phenomenon in children and young adults treated with immunosuppressant agents. Objective To perform a comprehensive clinical, histologic, immunologic, molecular, and genomic evaluation to elucidate the potential cause of an adult patient’s atypical cutaneous granulomas. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective evaluation of skin biopsies, nasopharyngeal swabs, and serum samples submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was conducted to assess for RuV using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral genomic sequencing. The samples were obtained from a man in his 70s with extensive cutaneous granulomas mimicking both cutaneous sarcoidosis (clinically) and CD8+ granulomatous cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (histopathologically). The study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures Identification and genotyping of a novel immunodeficiency-related RuV–associated granulomatous dermatitis. Results Immunohistochemistry for RuV capsid protein and RT-PCR testing for RuV RNA revealed RuV in 4 discrete skin biopsies from different body sites. In addition, RuV RNA was detected in the patient’s nasopharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR. The full viral genome was sequenced from the patient’s skin biopsy (RVs/Philadelphia.PA.USA/46.19/GR, GenBank Accession #MT249313). The patient was ultimately diagnosed with a novel RuV-associated granulomatous dermatitis. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study suggest that clinicians and pathologists may consider RuV-associated granulomatous dermatitis during evaluation of a patient because it might have implications for the diagnosis of cutaneous sarcoidosis, with RuV serving as a potential antigenic trigger, and for the diagnosis of granulomatous cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, with histopathologic features that may prompt an evaluation for immunodeficiency and/or RuV.
Tumor suppressor function of Gata2 in acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Abstract Most patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) can be cured with combined all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide therapy, which induces the destruction of PML-RARA, the initiating fusion protein for this disease. However, the underlying mechanisms by which PML-RARA initiates and maintains APL cells are still not clear. Therefore, we identified genes that are dysregulated by PML-RARA in mouse and human APL cells and prioritized GATA2 for functional studies because it is highly expressed in preleukemic cells expressing PML-RARA, its high expression persists in transformed APL cells, and spontaneous somatic mutations of GATA2 occur during APL progression in mice and humans. These and other findings suggested that GATA2 may be upregulated to thwart the proliferative signal generated by PML-RARA and that its inactivation by mutation (and/or epigenetic silencing) may accelerate disease progression in APL and other forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Indeed, biallelic knockout of Gata2 with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing increased the serial replating efficiency of PML-RARA–expressing myeloid progenitors (as well as progenitors expressing RUNX1-RUNX1T1, or deficient for Cebpa), increased mouse APL penetrance, and decreased latency. Restoration of Gata2 expression suppressed PML-RARA–driven aberrant self-renewal and leukemogenesis. Conversely, addback of a mutant GATA2R362G protein associated with APL and AML minimally suppressed PML-RARA–induced aberrant self-renewal, suggesting that it is a loss-of-function mutation. These studies reveal a potential role for Gata2 as a tumor suppressor in AML and suggest that restoration of its function (when inactivated) may provide benefit for AML patients.