cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relation of segmental wall motion to global left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction

The relation of left ventricular regional wall motion to global ventricular function was evaluated by radionuclide ventriculography in 127 patients within 18 hours of acute myocardial infarction. No patient had evidence of previous myocardial infarction. The following parameters were measured: (1) wall motion index; (2) percent of abnormally contracting segment; (3) ejection fraction (EF); (4) end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV); and (5) peak systolic cuff pressure/end-systolic volume ratio (PSP/ESV). The measurements of global function correlated well with wall motion index (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001 for EF; r = -0.69, p less than 0.001 for ESV; and r = 0.061, p less than 0.001 for PSP/ESV), but EDV correlated less well (r = -0.35, p less than 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that EF correlated best with wall motion index, and no other parameters of global left ventricular function added significantly to the regression. The correlation of motion in each segment with EF was determined by multiple linear regression analysis. Ejection fraction correlated best with motion in the anterobasal, then in order of correlation, in the apical-septal, inferoapical, anterolateral, and superlateral walls. The relation of EDV, ESV, and degree of percent abnormally contracting segments was as follows: EDV did not increase with a mild regional wall motion abnormality; however, ESV did increase and reduced stroke volume. As percent abnormally contracting segments worsened, enlargement of both EDV and ESV was seen and was associated with further reduction in systolic volume. These data suggest that EF is the best global left ventricular function correlate of the severity of the regional wall motion abnormality, and that abnormal motion in the territory of the left anterior descending coronary best predicts reduction in global left ventricular function. Radionuclide ventriculography is useful in characterizing global and regional left ventricular function in the early hours of acute myocardial infarction.
ADINA MODELING OF ELASTOPLASTIC SHEAR/COMPRESSION WAVES IN TUBES

Abstract Results are presented of calculations using the ADINA program to model the end-to-end impact of two identical thin-walled cylinders, with one cylinder initially spinning. After impact the ends remain engaged without slipping and nearly symmetric compression and shear waves propagate into each cylinder. Purely elastic response and elastic-plastic response assuming linear isotropic hardening are analyzed. The elastic response is compared with a membrane solution, and predictions of wave speeds and stress profiles for both shear and compression waves are found to generally agree. The plastic response is compared with the Clifton-Ting solution in which the hoop stress is neglected, and the relationship between the shear and compressive components in the plastic wave is found to be fairly well reproduced. The comparisons suggest that a more refined element modeling would reproduce the fine details of the stress waves more accurately.
Long-Term Results of CAP Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

This study was designed to study the efficacy and toxicity of an adriamycin-containing regimen (CAP: cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and prednisone) in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CAP was given to clinical complete remission followed by 18 months of cyclophosphamide-prednisone (CP) maintenance. Forty-seven patients with previously untreated CLL were treated. These patients initially presented with advanced stage (Rai III or IV) or had less advanced stage (Rai 0-II) patients and demonstrated evidence of disease progression. Patients received 750 mg/m(2) of cyclophosphamide intravenously on day 1, 50 mg/m(2) of adriamycin intravenously on day 1 and 100 mg/day of prednisone on days 1-5. Courses were repeated at 3-week intervals until clinical CR, at which time maintenance with cyclophosphamide and prednisone (CP) was commenced. A maximum cumulative dose of 450 mg/m(2) of adriamycin (9 courses of CAP) was given. Twenty (43%) of 47 patients obtained a CR and 11 (23%) obtained a partial remission. Bone marrow biopsy criteria were used to define response in addition to clinical and peripheral blood responses. All patients have been followed for 10 years. The median survival was 259 weeks. No patient remains in remission. No impact of response on survival was found. Surprisingly, the response rate and survival were higher and longer for patients with more advanced stages and higher tumor burdens. The median survival times for patients with Rai stage IV and Binet stage C disease were 93 months and 81 months, respectively. Although the regimen was well tolerated, three patients, each with an antecedent cardiac risk factor, developed congestive heart failure. Adriamycin containing regimens can be safely given to elderly patients with CLL and show promise in the treatment of advanced stage disease.
Genre Terms for Chemistry and Engineering: Not Just for Literature Anymore

ABSTRACT We developed a project utilizing the local form/genre heading, “property data,” and specific subheadings to help chemists, engineers, and those librarians assisting them to more easily locate library resources containing chemical and physical properties of substances. This article describes the project and examines possibilities for improving access to physical sciences literature in relation to Library of Congress Subject Headings and ongoing developments in authority records for form/genre terms. It also introduces functionality of such headings in the new “next generation” catalogs.
Presence of circulating immune complexes in Reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis

Abstract Circulating immune complexes (ICs) were sought in the sera of patients with Reiter's syndrome (RS) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) because (i) the presence of these complexes would support the hypothesis that these diseases are immunologically mediated, and (ii) characterization of the antigen in the complex could provide an important clue toward understanding pathogenesis. Three separate assays were used: the Raji, the conglutinin, and the solid phase anti-C3. All three assays detected complexes in the majority of patients with RS. The Raji was the most sensitive assay, detecting complexes in 67% (20 of 30) patients with RS. Seventy-seven percent of RS patients had detectable complexes by at least one of the three assays. For AS, complexes were present in 69% of the sera studied by the Raji assay. The conglutinin assay gave concordant results. By contrast, the anti-C3 assay did not detect complexes in AS sera. Identification of the antigen in these complexes would elucidate the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Mechano-chemical coupling in stressed rocks

Abstract The free energy of a grain in a rock at depth varies as a function of the texture of its surroundings, either due to fluctuations in stress, strain energy, or interfacial factors. Herein we discuss methods Used to estimate the contribution by texture to grain free energy in deforming rocks, as well as implications for textural evolution when included in kinetic reaction-transport models. A key feature is the introduction of a formalism coupling rock flow and mineral reaction by means of a Navier-Stokes equation. The resulting set of equations describes mechano-chemical interactions under a wide range of conditions and may pose constraints on more descriptive models. Under certain circumstances, this free energy may lead to the autonomous enhancement of spatial ihhomogeneities in texture when coupled to reaction and transport in an intergranular fluid. We hold that such phenomena as metamorphic layering, spaced (solution) cleavage, geodes, and certain types of concretions are examples of mechano-chemical selforganization. The dynamics leading to formation of such texture may thus be understood in analogy with other examples of geochemical self-organization and may be quantified accordingly.
Feasibility of using gold nanorods for optical contrast in two photon microscopy of oral carcinogenesis

Gold nanorods (GNRs) combined with two-photon microscopy were explored for potential application in imaging of oral carcinogenesis. GNRs have been shown to be effective contrast agents for two photon luminescence in that excitation laser powers required for imaging are low compared to traditional fluorophores. Imaging of cells, ex vivo tissues, and in vivo oral mucosa labeled with GNRs was performed to evaluate potential advantages of these agents in molecular imaging of epithelial carcinogenesis. Powers required to elicit a two-photon luminescence signal from GNRs were determined for cells as well as normal and malignant transformed lesions, 24 hours following injection of GNRs in a hamster model for oral cancer. The strength of the detected emission as the function of the average incident laser power was measured in tissues with and without GNRs to compare the sensitivity of GNRs against tissue autofluorescence. Finally, in vivo imaging was performed immediately following GNR injection to establish the ability to image microvasculature at low incident powers. The pilot study demonstrated uptake of GNRs by cells and in tissues yielding bright fluorescence signals using significantly lower incident powers than those needed to excite tissue autofluorescence. The in vivo imaging aspect of the study demonstrated the localization of GNRs within the microvasculature of the oral cancer model. These preliminary studies demonstrated the ability of GNRs to function as photostable, high contrast imaging agents and suggest that GNRs and multi-photon imaging have great potential for applications in the field of molecular imaging and early detection of cancer.
Axenic cultivation of the micro-annelid Enchytraeus fragmentosus (Bell, 1959)☆

1. 1. The oligochaete annelid Enchytraeus fragmentosus (Bell, 1959), a small gonadless member of the Enchytraeidae, reproducing exclusively by fragmentation, can be cultured axenically on agar slants. These slants consist of 1·5% purified agar containing 0·3 ml heated liver extract in 5 ml of purified agar or 1 1–10 dilution of heat-sterilized partially defined medium (peptone medium) in 4· ml of purified agar, both with a liquid overlay of 0·1 ml of a 1–10 dilution of peptone medium in water. 2. 2. Worms grown on agar-liver extract-peptone medium have been maintained for seventy-one, those grown on agar-peptone medium for thirty-four sets of serial cultures. 3. 3. Optimal growth, measured by the generation time, the number of fragments produced and the population at 2–3 months, is obtained on agar-liver extract-peptone medium at room temperature (20–25°C). We have been unable to grow the organism at 4–6°C or at 37°C.
Bases of acceptability ratings in quasinaturalistic concept tasks

The extent to which subjects used a probabilistic or a distance judgment process in rating the acceptability of concept exemplars was studied. After viewing 100 descriptions of airline uniforms chosen as fashionable by the public, subjects rated all possible uniforms for their public acceptability. The uniforms were described in terms of four three-valued qualitative (e.g., type of fabric) or quantitative (e.g., jacket length) attributes, with 20 subjects assigned to each description type. The results indicated that the majority of subjects in both groups used some form of probabilistic decision rule, with very few, if any, using a rule based on distance from a prototype. A data analysis technique which permitted examination of the behavior of individual subjects documented a significant amount of inter- and intrasubject variability in the number of aspects incorporated into the judgment process, in the number of different judgment rules utilized for different aspects, and in the types of decision rules used. It was concluded that subjects in earlier studies might well have been attending primarily to frequency differentials but that various methodological difficulties with the acquisition procedures and with the level of data analysis produced ambiguous and sometimes contradictory results.
Re-thinking the Almoravids, re-thinking Ibn Khaldun

(2001). Re-thinking the Almoravids, re-thinking Ibn Khaldun. The Journal of North African Studies: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 59-80.
Carbon: Occurrence of carbyne forms of carbon in natural graphite

Abstract A study of several natural graphitic formations, from geographical locations ranging from Ceylon to California, revealed that many graphites contain small amounts of carbyne forms of carbon. The results indicate that these “rare” carbon forms have worldwide distribution and have existed in these formations for at least 60 million years.
Corono-condylar ankylosis in childhood due to infection

Summary Ankylosis of the temperomandibular joint is defined and its actiology, pathology, sequelae and treatment are outlined. A case is presented of bilateral mandibular hypoplasia following extensive unilateral ankylosis in childhood, and the reasons for it are explored.
The event data store and I/O framework for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, a collaboration of approximately 2600 particle physicists worldwide, will soon produce tens of petabytes of data annually, with an equivalent amount of simulated data. Even in advance of data taking, ATLAS has already accumulated many petabytes of event data from detector commissioning activities and simulation. This paper provides an overview of the design and implementation of the scientific data store that hosts ATLAS event data, and describes how the store is populated, organized, and typically accessed. Aspects of the event I/O framework and supporting infrastructure are also described. The paper further discusses some of the challenges that must be addressed for a scientific data store of this scope, scale, and complexity.
Direct association of p110 beta phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with p85 is mediated by an N-terminal fragment of p110 beta.

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase is a heterodimeric enzyme of 85-kDa (p85) and 110-kDa (p110) subunits implicated in mitogenic signal transduction by virtue of its activation in cells transformed by diverse viral oncoproteins and treated with various growth factors. We have identified a domain in p110 that mediates association with p85 in vitro and in intact cells. A glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the N-terminal 171 amino-acids of p110 beta bound to free p85 in cell lysates. This fusion protein also bound directly to p85 immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. An epitope-tagged fragment containing amino acids 31 to 150 of p110 beta associated with p85 upon expression in intact cells. Expression of either an N-terminal fragment of p110 beta or the p85 inter-SH2 domain, which mediates association with p110, reduced the association of endogenous PI 3-kinase activity with the activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor in intact cells. Hence, these defined regions of p85 and p110 mediate the interaction between the two subunits of PI 3-kinase.
Development of Decision Support Systems

Use of hospital information systems (HIS) are no longer limited to administrative functions. The addition to these systems of decision support capability is now a necessity. Development of the decision support modules requires a different software architecture than that employed by most HIS systems today. This paper describes the generic uses of decision support throughout the many hospital applications. Several levels of decision support are outlined with examples to illustrate the many areas where decision support is useful. At LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah we have developed an HIS using a new software architecture which supports the creation of decision support applications. This system uses a frame structure to represent knowledge. Examples of the frames and their syntax is presented. Using the frame tools which are provided, an application developer can easily develop and test decision support modules which interact directly with the clinical user and the patient database.
Big Opportunities in Access to “Small Science” Data

A distributed infrastructure that would enable those who wish to do so to contribute their scientific or technical data to a universal digital commons could allow such data to be more readily preserved and accessible among disciplinary domains. Five critical issues that must be addressed in developing an efficient and effective data commons infrastructure are described. We conclude that creation of a distributed infrastructure meeting the critical criteria and deployable throughout the networked university library community is practically achievable.
A Method to Realize Controlled Air/Liquid Interfaces and Interfacial Polymer Micro Membranes in Microfluidic Channels

In this study, stable air/liquid interfaces and high-aspect ratio polymer micro membranes with complex and controlled structures were formed within microfluidic channels. The air/liquid interfaces were formed at hydrophilic/hydrophobic boundaries defined by patterned and alkanethiols treated Cu surfaces. The two-phase interfaces were further utilized for interfacial polymerization with two immiscible liquid phases containing the reagents for polymer membrane in the microchannel, to generate polymer micro membranes with not only complex in-plane shapes but also z-direction configurations. To demonstrate this method, high quality and complex nylon membranes were fabricated in microchannels. Straight membranes as long as 15mm, 50 mum thick and 500 mum tall in a microfluidic channel were successfully fabricated, and membranes with different structures were realized.
Effect of chronic d-fenfluramine administration on rat hypothalamic serotonin levels and release

D-fenfluramine, an anorectic agent in rats and man, was administered daily at doses 1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg/day for 10 days, and sacrificed 6 days later. Hypothalamic serotonin (5-HT) levels were unchanged in rats receiving 1.25-5 mg/kg/day of d-fenfluramine but reduced by 22 percent (p less than 0.01) at the highest drug dose (10 mg/kg/day); hypothalamic 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) levels were reduced by 15 percent (p less than 0.05) or 28 percent (p less than 0.01) in rats receiving 5 or 10 mg/kg/day of the drug, respectively. Hypothalamic slices prepared from rats which were previously treated with any of the drug doses spontaneously released endogenous 5-HT at rates that did not differ from those of vehicle-treated rats. 5-HT released with electrical field-stimulation was unaffected by prior d-fenfluramine treatment at doses of 1.25-5 mg/kg/day, and was reduced by 20 percent (p less than 0.05) from slices prepared from rats which received 10 mg/kg/day. 5-HIAA efflux was also attenuated by the highest drug dose. These data indicate that chronic administration to rats of customary anorectic doses of d-fenfluramine (i.e. 0.06-1.25 mg/kg) fail to cause long-lasting reductions in brain 5-HT release.
Dielectrophoresis of macromolecules.

Dilute solutions of rigid helical macromolecules with permanent dipole moments have been studied with dielectrophoresis. The polymers used were poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutmate and poly-n-butyl isocyanate, both fractions of average molecular weight 120,000. In this phenomenon dipolar molecules migrate in an inhomogeneous electric field towards the region of maximum field strength. The field gradient is produced by a 10-μm diameter Pt wire serving as the inner electrode of a cell, and a 2.5-mm diameter cylinder as the outer electrode. An equilibrium exponential concentration gradient is achieved within a few wire radii of the inner electrode in a matter of minutes, making both kinetic and equilibrium measurements feasible. The concentration gradient is monitored by measuring the change in capacitance ΔC of the cell from its value for a uniform solute concentration. The time dependences of ΔC for the build-up of the concentration gradient towards the equilibrium value, and the decay to a uniform concentration after the field is removed have been calculated, using a frictional coefficient and a Boltzmann factor, β1, as the sole adjustable parameters. For low voltages (β1 small), the measured build-up and decay are completely symmetrical, in agreement with theory, and yield the same frictional coefficient. For larger β1, the build-up is faster, reflecting a reduced frictional coefficient due to partial alignment of the long axes of the polymers in the direction of migration. In either case, the decay determines a diffusion constant of randomly aligned molecules, identical to classical diffusion measurement. The value of ΔC at equilibrium, for β1 small, determines μ2F2, where μ is the dipole moment and F is the internal field at the polymer. Combined with a classical dielectric constant measurement, which gives μ2F, both μ and F may be determined, independent of assumptions about cavity shapes. Dielectrophoresis works in alternating as well as constant fields, provided the dipolar orientation can follow the field reversals. The dispersion of dielectrophoresis with frequency is a sensitive measure of the molecular-weight distribution of a given sample.
Latent factor structure of a behavioral economic cigarette demand curve in adolescent smokers.

Behavioral economic demand curves, or quantitative representations of drug consumption across a range of prices, have been used to assess motivation for a variety of drugs. Such curves generate multiple measures of drug demand that are associated with cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence. However, little is known about the relationships among these facets of demand. The aim of the study was to quantify these relationships in adolescent smokers by using exploratory factor analysis to examine the underlying structure of the facets of nicotine incentive value generated from a demand curve measure. Participants were 138 adolescent smokers who completed a hypothetical cigarette purchase task, which assessed estimated cigarette consumption at escalating levels of price/cigarette. Demand curves and five facets of demand were generated from the measure: Elasticity (i.e., 1/α or proportionate price sensitivity); Intensity (i.e., consumption at zero price); Omax (i.e., maximum financial expenditure on cigarettes); Pmax (i.e., price at which expenditure is maximized); and Breakpoint (i.e., the price that suppresses consumption to zero). Principal components analysis was used to examine the latent structure among the variables. The results revealed a two-factor solution, which were interpreted as “Persistence,” reflecting insensitivity to escalating price, and “Amplitude,” reflecting the absolute levels of consumption and price. These findings suggest a two factor structure of nicotine incentive value as measured via a demand curve. If supported, these findings have implications for understanding the relationships among individual demand indices in future behavioral economic studies and may further contribute to understanding of the nature of cigarette reinforcement.
A Method for Designing Marker-Based Tracking Probes

Many tracking systems utilize collections of fiducial markers arranged in rigid configurations, called tracking probes, to determine the pose of objects within an environment. In this paper, we present a technique for designing tracking probes called the viewpoints algorithm. The algorithm is generally applicable to tracking systems that use at least three fiduciary marks to determine the pose of an object. The algorithm is used to create an integrated, head-mounted display tracking probe. The predicted accuracy of this probe was 0.032 /spl plusmn/ 0.02 degrees in orientation and 0.09 /spl plusmn/ 0.07 mm in position. The measured accuracy of the probe was 0.028 /spl plusmn/ 0.01 degrees in orientation and 0.11 /spl plusmn/ 0.01 mm in position. These results translate to a predicted, static positional overlay error of a virtual object presented at 1m of less than 0.5 mm. The algorithm is part of a larger framework for designing tracking probes based upon performance goals and environmental constraints.
Quality in radiology: how involving residents in practice quality improvement can improve our specialty and invigorate the next generation of leaders.

As imaging services are offered by an ever increasing cadre of nonradiologist physicians, our specialty continues to seek ways to differentiate our products and prove our value. In the upcoming era of medicine, it will be more essential than ever to show that the services we provide are performed with the utmost attention to quality and patient safety. The formalization of quality improvement in the form of the ABR’s Practice Quality Improvement (PQI) requirement offers an opportunity to document and show to the public that these philosophies are being put into daily practice. Although aspects of radiology maintenance of certification (MOC) can seem challenging, the PQI component of these requirements creates a very real opportunity to effect improvements in both patient care and stakeholder satisfaction if completed in the spirit intended. To that end,
An Intelligent Text Mining System Applied to SEC Documents

This paper presents an intelligent corporate governance analysis and rating system, called ICGA, capable of retrieving SEC required documents of public companies and performing analysis and rating in terms of recommended corporate governance practices. With local knowledge bases, databases, and semantic networks, ICGA is able to automatically evaluate the strengths, deficiencies, and risks of a company's corporate governance practices and board of directors based on the documents stored in the SEC EDGAR database. The produced score reduces a complex corporate governance process and related policies into a single number which enables concerned government agencies, investors and legislators to assess the governance characteristics of individual companies.
The Intrarenal Distribution of Aztreonam in Healthy and Diseased Kidneys: Clinical Therapeutic Implications

Using a healthy canine model, we evaluated the influence of renal physiological activity on the stability, intrarenal distribution, and clearance of aztreonam and compared the results with the concentrations of aztreonam that can be achieved in the scarred devitalized renal tissues of patients with end-stage kidney disease. Renal physiological activity significantly modulates the intrarenal distribution of aztreonam. During the production of maximally acid-concentrated urine, urinary aztreonam levels, clearance rates, and inner zone renal tissue concentrations are increased. Aztreonam concentrations in the parenchyma of severely diseased kidneys are significantly reduced in comparison with healthy tissues; nonetheless, the values are similar to concurrent serum drug levels, a result suggesting that treatment may provide adequate coverage for aztreonam-susceptible organisms.
An Improved Belief-Propagation Decoder for LDPC-Coded Partial-Response Channels

The traditional belief-propagation (BP) decoder for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes assumes that the soft input information for each bit is independent of all other bits. However, for partial-response (PR) channels, the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) generated by the channel detector are correlated. In this paper, we propose an improved BP (IBP) decoder to take into account the dependence among the LLRs produced by channel detectors. The IBP decoder needs not only the LLR for each bit but also the probability distribution of the subblock that contains this bit. Therefore, we revise the Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) algorithm accordingly to generate the additional information during channel detection. We apply the proposed decoder to an ideal PR channel and, as a practical example, to equalized perpendicular magnetic recording channels (PMRCs). The IBP decoder significantly outperforms the traditional BP decoder without turbo equalization, but this gain is substantially reduced when we introduce turbo equalization. Furthermore, we extend the IBP decoder to nonbinary LDPC codes, and show that we can achieve additional gains.
Analysis of transformer oil for transformer condition monitoring

International experience shows that large transmission transformers can have service lives in excess of 50 years. For the operator the concern is to be able to identify the onset of unreliability as the end of life approaches. There are a variety of chemical, electrical and physical condition monitoring techniques which can be applied. For many utilities, the basic method is a regular analysis of an oil sample. Mechanical and electrical faults may arise following short circuits, local overheating at hot spots or leakage flux and eddy currents in the core, and partial discharge or arcing at areas of high stress. Decomposition products from breakdown of the oil, paper or insulating boards, glues etc. are transported through the transformer by the coolant oil. Some are low molecular weight gases dissolved in the oil and can be identified by gas chromatography. Others indicating solid degradation include furans, cresols and phenols and detected by liquid chromatography. Alternative technologies require outages and access to bushing terminals to measure mechanical electric characteristics of the winding and the magnetic circuit. For many these are used as secondary methods to be used for condition audits, or to investigate problems identified by oil analyses. (5 pages)
A mathematical model for a dissolving polymer

In certain polymer-penetrant ,systems, nonlinear viscoelastic effects dominate those of Fickian diffusion. This behavior is often embodied in a memory integral incorporating nonlocal time effects into the dynamics; this integral can be derived from an augmented chemical potential. The mathematical framework presented is a moving boundary-value problem. The boundary separates the polymer into two distinct states: glassy and rubbery, where different physical processes dominate. The moving boundary condition that results is not solvable by similarity solutions, but can be solved by perturbation and integral equation techniques. Asymptotic solutions are obtained where sharp fronts move with constant speed. The resultant profiles are quite similar to experimental results in a dissolving polymer. It is then demonstrated that such a model has a limit on the allowable front speed and a self-regulating mass uptake.
The Power of Play: Fostering Creativity and Innovation in Libraries

Play is a powerful method of fostering creativity and innovation in organizations. As libraries confront a rapidly changing information landscape, the need for innovation in meeting user needs is paramount. Libraries can embrace organizational play as a means of stimulating employee creativity and developing innovative products and services. This article discusses the work-play dichotomy, the definition of play, and the Millennial generation’s attitude toward play. Several important characteristics of play are discussed, including time and space, transformation potential, safety, and intrinsic motivation. Various types of play activities are explored, and the psychological links that exist between play and creativity are examined. Several successful businesses have made bold moves to embrace organizational play. Examinations of Google, 37signals, IDEO, and Pixar Animation Studios provide lessons about the ways that play can be integrated into the library workplace. Finally, this article poses questions that should be answered by libraries wishing to foster a culture of innovation through play.
A randomized clinical trial of acupuncture compared with sham acupuncture in fibromyalgia.

This randomized, sham-controlled trial compared true acupuncture with sham acupuncture in patients with fibromyalgia. Participants, data collection staff, and data analysts were blinded to treatmen...
Opioid Withdrawal in Critically Ill Neonates

OBJECTIVE:To determine the occurrence of and risk factors for opioid withdrawal in critically ill neonates receiving continuous infusions of fentanyl.DESIGN:A prospective interventional cohort study was conducted in a university hospital neonatal intensive care unit with 19 neonates who received a minimum of 24 hours of fentanyl by continuous infusion.MEASUREMENTS:Fentanyl total dose, duration of infusion, and peak infusion rate were recorded. Patients were evaluated for withdrawal using the Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System of Finnegan. Patients with a score ≥8 were considered to have opioid withdrawal.MAIN RESULTS:Withdrawal was observed in 10 (53%) of 19 neonates. The fentanyl total dose (median 525 vs. 168 μg/kg, respectively; p = 0.03) and infusion duration (median 10 vs. 7 d, respectively; p = 0.04) were significantly greater in neonates with withdrawal compared to those without withdrawal. A fentanyl total dose ≥415 μg/kg predicted withdrawal with 70% sensitivity and 78% specificity. A fentanyl in...
Turbulence stress measurements in a nonadiabatic hypersonic boundary layer

Turbulent shear stress and direct turbulent total heat-flux measurements have been made across a nonadiabatic, zero pressure gradient, hypersonic boundary layer by using specially designed hot-wire probes free of strain-gauging and wire oscillation. Heat-flux measurements were in reasonably good agreement with values obtained by integrating the energy equation using measured profiles of velocity and temperature. The shear-stress values deduced from the measurements, by assuming zero correlation of velocity and pressure fluctuations, were lower than the values obtained by integrating the momentum equation. Statistical properties of the cross-correlations are similar to corresponding incompressible measurements at approximately the same momentum-thickness Reynolds number.
Takayasu's Arteriopathy with Associated Descending Thoracic Aortic Dissection During Pregnancy: A Multidisciplinary Approach Leading to a Successful Outcome: A Case Presentation

Takayasu's arteriopathy is a rare arterial inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that commonly affects the aorta, its major branches, and the pulmo nary artery. Although this process most often causes narrowing and occlusion of the vessels involved, it is associated only rarely with aneurysm formation or dissection of the vessel. Although there are sporadic reports of pregnancy in conjunction with Takayasu's arteriopathy, the combination of this disorder with pregnancy and an aortic dissection is very unusual.This case report and literature review details the clinical management of a gravid female with clinical problems that were managed through close coopera tion among cardiothoracic surgery, anesthesia, obstetrics and gynecology, and perinatology units. This multidisciplinary approach led to the successful opera tive repair of a descending thoracic aortic dissection in a pregnant woman with Takayasu's arteriopathy who later delivered a normal full-term infant.
Perspective: Denver Health: Initiatives for Survival

Denver Health is an integrated public health care delivery system in a highly competitive market. It includes the 911 emergency response system, a 349-bed acute care hospital, a locked forensic unit, ten federally qualified community health centers, ten school-based clinics, the public health department, a 100-bed nonmedical detoxification unit with a nonambulance transport service, and the regional poison control center. The system has several advantages for survival in the current marketplace, including this vertically integrated structure with neighborhood-based, community-oriented primary care, which has been in place for thirty years; a lack of debt; a good physical plant; highquality physicians; and a strong university affiliation. However, like all public systems, Denver Health faces some serious challenges to long-term survival. As a department of city/county government, it previously lacked operational flexibility, having the burdens of city purchasing and civil service and legal constraints. In addition, the Denver metropolitan marketplace has become increasingly competitive over the past two years. Finally, like other public systems, it has an extraordinary burden of unreimbursed care.
Riveted and Bolted Joints: Net Section Design

A discussion and analysis is presented of the factors which affect the behavior of single and double plane tension connections fabricated of structural plates and shapes. Such connections are now designed on the basis of a theoretical net section; however, research has shown that the behavior is a function also of the geometry of the member and connection, the manner in which the stress is transferred through the connection and the method of fabrication. The efficiency of a connection is expressed in terms of the net section area, an efficiency coefficient, a fabrication factor, a bearing factor, a shear lag factor and a ductility factor, and all of these factors are included in an empirical design rule for tension connections that will result in a more realistic section, a more consistent factor of safety based on ultimate strength, and often a savings in material.
Exploring Third-Grade Student Model-Based Explanations about Plant Relationships within an Ecosystem

Elementary students should have opportunities to develop scientific models to reason and build understanding about how and why plants depend on relationships within an ecosystem for growth and survival. However, scientific modeling practices are rarely included within elementary science learning environments and disciplinary content is often treated as discrete pieces separate from scientific practice. Elementary students have few, if any, opportunities to reason about how individual organisms, such as plants, hold critical relationships with their surrounding environment. The purpose of this design-based research study is to build a learning performance to identify and explore the third-grade students’ baseline understanding of and their reasoning about plant–ecosystem relationships when engaged in the practices of modeling. The developed learning performance integrated scientific content and core scientific activity to identify and measure how students build knowledge about the role of plants in ecosyst...
Causality: Probability of Causation: Interpretation and Identification

Come and let us cast lots to find out who is to blame for this ordeal. Jonah 1:7 Preface Assessing the likelihood that one event was the cause of another guides much of what we understand about (and how we act in) the world. For example, according to common judicial standard, judgment in favor of the plaintiff should be made if and only if it is “more probable than not” that the defendant's action was the cause of the plaintiff's damage (or death). But causation has two faces, necessary and sufficient; which of the two have lawmakers meant us to consider? And how are we to evaluate their probabilities? This chapter provides formal semantics for the probability that event x was a necessary or sufficient cause (or both) of another event y . We then explicate conditions under which the probability of necessary (or sufficient) causation can be learned from statistical data, and we show how data from both experimental and nonexperimental studies can be combined to yield information that neither kind of study alone can provide. INTRODUCTION The standard counterfactual definition of causation (i.e., that E would not have occurred were it not for C ) captures the notion of “necessary cause.” Competing notions such as “sufficient cause” and “necessary and sufficient cause” are of interest in a number of applications, and these too can be given concise mathematical definitions in structural model semantics (Section 7.1).
Extensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) and Next Generation Access Control (NGAC)

Extensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) and Next Generation Access Control (NGAC) are very different attribute based access control standards with similar goals and objectives. An objective of both is to provide a standardized way for expressing and enforcing vastly diverse access control policies in support of various types of data services. The two standards differ with respect to the manner in which access control policies and attributes are specified and managed, and decisions are computed and enforced. This paper is presented as a consolidation and refinement of public draft NIST SP 800-178 [21], describing, and comparing these two standards.
Tracking the Metal of the Goblins: Cobalt’s Cycle of Use

Cobalt is a vital element in many technological applications, which, together with its increasing end-use in batteries, makes it important to quantify its cycle of use. We have done so for the plan...
Effects of Temperature on Pyrethroid Toxicity to Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Effects of temperature on toxicity of an organophosphate (azinphosmethyl) and several pyrethroids (cypermethrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, and permethrin) to Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), were evaluated. Between 14 and 30°C, toxicity of azinphosmethyl increased 3.3-fold while the toxicity of the pyrethroids decreased 3.1- to 8.2-fold. At 35°C, the beetles showed signs of stress and toxicities of the pyrethroids increased, compared with results at 3O°C. These data demonstrate that temperature/toxicity relationships are not only dependent on the chemical group (organophosphate or pyrethroid) but also on temperature range involved and biological responses of the insect. Results suggest that high temperatures may cause control problems in the field, depending on factors such as resistance status, residual effectiveness of the insecticide, behavior of the insect, and effects of fluctuating temperature.
Interface Stability in Hybrid Transition Metal-Oxide Magnetic Junctions

Recent experiments revealed an apparently bias-dependent tunneling magnetoresistance between a transition metal (such as Fe, Co) and an oxide barrier such as SrTiO 3 . We examine the materials issues involved in this type of hybrid transition metal-oxide junctions. The junction interface is shown to be unstable against thermal treatment or high-bias current stress. We conclude that the junction magnetoresistance is largely determined by the formation of an interface oxide layer different from the barrier or the transition metal electrode themselves.
Sex difference in serum luteinizing hormone postgonadectomy in the rat: role of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic inhibition.

In adult male rats, serum luteinizing hormone (LH) rises within a few hours of castration. By contrast, in adult female rats, serum LH does not increase reliably until 4–6 d after ovariectomy. The release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) declines in female rats postovariectomy, suggesting an increase in inhibition of the release of GnRH. We investigated whether differences in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic transmission, which inhibits GnRH release, accounts for the sex difference in the response of serum LH to gonadectomy. We examined the effects of GABA-A receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI), GABA-B receptor antagonist phaclofen, and transaminase inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), injected subcutaneously, on the postgonadectomy rise in LH. AOAA prevented the postcastration rise in male rats (p<0.05). Female rats treated with BMI, phaclofen, or both BMI and phaclofen (p<0.05) showed a significant increase in LH postovariectomy. BMI had no effect in male rats. GnRH antagonist blocked the BMI-induced increase in serum LH. We conclude that the delay in the rise of serum LH in female rats postovariectomy is at least partly owing to GABAergic inhibition of the release of GnRH.
Nuclear KLLN expression associates with improved relapse-free survival for prostate carcinoma.

Men with organ-confined prostate cancer (CaP) are often treated with radical prostatectomy. Despite similar postoperative characteristics, a significant proportion of men with an intermediate risk of progression experience prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-defined failure, while others have relapse-free survival (RFS). Additional prognostic markers are needed to predict the outcome of these patients. KLLN is a transcription factor that regulates the cell cycle and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. We have shown that KLLN is an androgen-regulated gene and that loss of KLLN expression in primary CaP is associated with high Gleason score. In this retrospective study, we evaluated KLLN expression in the high-grade malignancy components from 109 men with intermediate risk CaP. Patients with nuclear KLLN-negative tumors had significantly higher preoperative serum PSA levels (12.24±2.37 ng/ml) and larger tumor volumes (4.61±0.71 cm(3)) compared with nuclear KLLN-positive patients (8.35±2.45 ng/ml, P=0.03, and 2.66±0.51 cm(3), P<0.0001, respectively). None of the nuclear KLLN-positive tumors had capsular penetration, whereas 34% of nuclear KLLN-negative tumors (P=0.004) had capsular penetration. Maintaining KLLN expression in tumor nuclei, but not in cytoplasm or stroma, associated with improved RFS after surgery (P=0.002). Only 7% of patients with nuclear KLLN-positive tumors had tumor recurrence, while 60% of patients in the KLLN-negative group developed PSA-defined failure with median relapse time of 6.6 months (P=0.0003). Our data suggest that KLLN expression may be used as a prognostic marker to predict outcome for intermediate risk patients, which could provide useful information for postoperative management.
On the Unsteady Shock Wave Interaction with a Splitter Plate: Viscous Analysis

Unsteady shock propagation through branched ducts and ducts with varying crosssectional area occurs in many engineering applications, such as blast shelter design and high-speed propulsion systems
The practice and administration effect of signing and issuing Birth Certificate

Objective To analyze the administration effect of signing and issuing Birth Certificate(BC).Methods According to the patients' characteristics and the management requirements issued by the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Public Security of China and Beijing Authority,a management system and workflow of signing and issuing BC were formulated.After four years of implementation,the rate of waste BC and patient satisfaction rate of puerperas and their family members were collected.Results The rate of waste BC was lower than 3.00% from July 2006 to May 2010.And the degree of satisfaction was higher than 99.00%.Conclusion To strengthen the management on the BC and to apply scientific,standardized and individualized administration are methods to reduce the rate of waste BC and improve patient satisfaction.
Nanosized {Pd4(μ4-C)}Pd32(CO)28(PMe3)14 Containing Tetrahedrally Deformed Pd4 Cage with Encapsulated Carbide Atom: Formal Substitution of Geometrically Analogous Interior Au4 Entity in Isostructural Au4Pd32(CO)28(PMe3)14 by Electronically Equivalent Pd4(μ4-C) and Computational/Catalytic Implications.

This first homopalladium carbido cluster, {Pd4(μ4-C)}Pd32(CO)28(PMe3)14 (1), was isolated (3–7% yields) from an ultimately simplified procedure—the reaction of CHCl3 under N2 with either Pd8(CO)8(PMe3)7 or Pd10(CO)12(PMe3)6 at room temperature. Charge-coupled device (CCD) X-ray diffraction data at 100 K for 1·2.5 C6H14 (1a) and 1·3 CHCl3 (1b) produced closely related molecular parameters for 1. This {Pd4C}Pd32 cluster (1) possesses a highly unusual tetracoordinated carbide atom that causes a major distortion of a central regular Pd4 tetrahedron into a new symmetry type of encapsulated Pd4 cage of pseudo-D2 (222) symmetry. Mean Pd–Pd distances for the three pairs of opposite twofold-equivalent Pd–Pd tetrahedral-like edges for 1a are 2.71, 2.96, and 3.59 A; the mean of the four Pd–C distances [range, 1.87(2)–1.94(2) A] is 1.91 A. An astonishing molecular feature is that this {Pd4C}Pd32 cluster (1) is an isostructural and electronically equivalent analogue of the nanosized Au4Pd32(CO)28(PMe3)14 (2). Cluster ...