cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Model for Understanding Mechanisms of Biological Signaling: Direct Transport via Cytonemes

Biological signaling is a crucial natural process that governs the formation of all multicellular organisms. It relies on efficient and fast transfer of information between different cells and tissues. It has been presumed for a long time that these long-distance communications in most systems can take place only indirectly via the diffusion of signaling molecules, also known as morphogens, through the extracellular fluid; however, recent experiments indicate that there is also an alternative direct delivery mechanism. It utilizes dynamic tubular cellular extensions, called cytonemes, that directly connect cells, supporting the flux of morphogens to specific locations. We present a first quantitative analysis of the cytoneme-mediated mechanism of biological signaling. Dynamics of the formation of signaling molecule profiles, which are also known as morphogen gradients, is discussed. It is found that the direct-delivery mechanism is more robust with respect to fluctuations in comparison with the passive diffusion mechanism. In addition, we show that the direct transport of morphogens through cytonemes simultaneously delivers the information to all cells, which is also different from the diffusional indirect delivery; however, it requires energy dissipation and it might be less efficient at large distances due to intermolecular interactions of signaling molecules.
ItHELPS: Iterative high-accuracy error localization in post-silicon

The increasing complexity of modern digital circuits has exacerbated the challenge of verifying the functionality of these systems. To further compound the issue, shrinking time-to-market constraints place increased pressure on attaining correct devices in short amounts of time. As a result, more and more of the burden of validation has shifted to the post-silicon stage, when the first silicon prototypes of a design become available. This validation phase brings much faster test execution speeds, at the cost of a very limited ability of diagnosing bugs. To further compound the problem, intermittent failures are not uncommon, due to the physical nature of the device under validation. In this work we propose ItHELPS, a solution to identify the timing of a bug manifestation and the root signals responsible for it in industry-size complex digital designs. We employ a synergistic approach based on a machine-learning solution (DBSCAN) paired with an adaptive refinement analysis, capable of narrowing the location of a failure down to a handful of signals, possibly buried deep within the design hierarchy. We find experimentally that our approach outperforms the accuracy of prior state-of-the-art solutions by two orders of magnitude.
Growth Factors in the Basal Ganglia

The body of literature on growth factor effects in the brain and periphery is rapidly expanding. Until recently, most growth factor studies have pertained to the periphery and peripheral nervous system (see Golde et al, 1980; Johnson et al, 1986; Bradshaw & Rubin, 1980 for review). However, a number of growth factors have recently been identified within the CNS and have been shown to exert mitogenic and/or neuronotrophic effects (Thoenen & Edgar, 1985; Herschman, 1986). Of these, the best characterized is nerve growth factor (NGF), which has been shown to exhibit a heterogeneous distribution throughout brain (Ayer-Lelievre et al, 1983; Shelton & Reichardt, 1986; Whittemore et al, 1986; Scott et al, 1981). It is synthesized primarily, but not exclusively, in cortex and hippocampus (Shelton and Reichardt, 1986; Whittemore et al., 1986), and is retrogradely transported as a ligand-receptor complex from these regions to cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons (Seiler and Schwab, 1984). In both nucleus basalis and striatum, NGF has been shown to regulate the activity of the cholinergic synthetic enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (Martinez et al., 1985). Given these findings, it has been proposed that NGF acts as a neuronotrophic survival factor for cholinergic neurons within the CNS and that dysregulation of NGF may play a role in the etiology of Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease, which have been correlated with degeneration of cholinergic systems (Bartus et al., 1982; Marx, 1986).
Embedded Wizardry

This paper presents a progressively challenging series of experiments that investigate clarification subdialogues to resolve the words in noisy transcriptions of user utterances. We focus on user utterances where the user's specific intent requires little additional inference, given sufficient understanding of the form. We learned decision-making strategies for a dialogue manager from run-time features of our spoken dialogue system and from observation of human wizards we had embedded within it. Results show that noisy ASR can be resolved based on predictions from context about what a user might say, and that dialogue management strategies for clarifications of linguistic form benefit from access to features from spoken language understanding.
After Saint Serra: Unearthing indigenous histories at the California missions

In 2015, Pope Francis elevated Franciscan missionary Junipero Serra to sainthood, reinforcing the association between the California missions and the founding of Euroamerican colonies in western No...
How Marketing Research Can Help Railroads

Railroad management has spent considerable effort urging changes in public policy which they argue is the cause of their present difficulty. One of the dangers of this activity is that it may blind...
GuardLogix PLC and Safety IO Application in Electric Control System of N300 Body Line

The N300 electronic control system of welding production line,the master PLC using RockWell company GuardLogix L62S that has safety control circuit with detection circuit and open circuit fault occurs advantages,replace the traditional controlLogix;Security module using the company's Safety IO RockWell module,Replace the traditional series of safety relays Pilz.Safety signal is no longer the way through hard wiring,but by way of bus safety and PLC communication,failure is more easy to find and reduce the failure rate of welding wire,welding production lines to make cars run more secure,stable and reliable.
Selection and Use of 10 kV Arresters on Distribution Networks

The paper introduces structure,categories and basic principle of arresters and general principle and precautions for installment and use.General procedures and performance requirements for arresters on distribution networks are selected.Use requirements and operation and management requirements are brought forward.It gives important reference to type selection,installment and operation of arresters on distribution networks.
Tissue-Driven Hypothesis of Transcriptome Evolution: An Update

In past decade, many reports have demonstrated that tissues in multi-cellular organisms may play important roles to shape the pattern of genome evolution. The tissue-driven hypothesis was then coined, claiming that tissue-specific factor as the common resource of functional constrain may underlie the positive correlations between tissue expression divergence, sequence divergence, or the expression tolerance of duplication divergence. However, the original version of tissue-driven hypothesis cannot rule out the tissue-specific effect of mutational variance. In this perspective, we solve this problem by modifying the evolutionary model that underlies the tissue expression evolution. Reanalysis of the microarray data reanalysis has revealed the relative importance between tissue-specific functional constraints and mutational variances in the tissue evolution. Finally, we outline how to utilize RNA-seq technology to further investigate the tissue expression evolution in the case of multiple tissues and species.
Pulmonary Uptake of Technetium-99m-Labeled Sulfur Colloid Caused by Sustained-Release Niacin Therapy: Case Report

In this report, we describe a potential drug interaction between niacin and the hepatic radiopharmaceutical technetium-99m-labeled sulfur colloid (99mTc-SC). A patient was admitted with a diagnosis of acute hepatitis caused by her sustained-release niacin therapy. Diffuse lung accumulation of 99mTc-SC was seen on her liver/spleen images. This is the first report of pulmonary localization of 99mTc-SC, which is believed to be induced by the sustained-release niacin therapy for hyperlipidemia.
A Prognostic Test to Predict the Risk of Metastasis in Uveal Melanoma Based on a 15-Gene Expression Profile

Uveal (ocular) melanoma is an aggressive cancer that metastasizes in up to half of patients. Uveal melanoma spreads preferentially to the liver, and the metastatic disease is almost always fatal. There are no effective therapies for advanced metastatic disease, so the most promising strategy for improving survival is to detect metastasis at an earlier stage or to treat high-risk patients in an adjuvant setting. An accurate test for identifying high-risk patients would allow for such personalized management as well as for stratification of high-risk patients into clinical trials of adjuvant therapy.We developed a gene expression profile (GEP) that distinguishes between primary uveal melanomas that have a low metastatic risk (class 1 tumors) and those with a high metastatic risk (class 2 tumors). We migrated the GEP from a high-density microarray platform to a 15-gene, qPCR-based assay that is now performed in a College of American Pathologists (CAP)-accredited Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified laboratory on a routine clinical basis on very small samples obtained by fine needle aspiration and on archival formalin-fixed specimens. We collaborated with several centers to show that our specimen collection protocol was easily learned and performed and that it allowed samples to be safely and reliably transported from distant locations with a very low failure rate. Finally, we showed in a multicenter, prospective study that our GEP assay is highly accurate for predicting which patients will develop metastatic disease, and it was significantly superior to the previous gold standard, chromosome 3 testing for monosomy 3. This is the only prognostic test in uveal melanoma ever to undergo such extensive validation, and it is currently being used in a commercial format under the trade name DecisionDx-UM in over 100 centers in the USA and Canada.
The Framing of Human Trafficking in the U.S. Print Media

Since 2000, there has been a flurry of policy activity to address the problem of human trafficking. What makes these recent efforts especially intriguing is the wide consensus that has formed in the United States and most of the international community on the nature of the problem and the appropriate policy response even though there is considerable disagreement among scholars and activists over definitions of trafficking and how best to address the problem. None of the scholarship to this point has analyzed how the media have covered human trafficking, however, and whether the media have helped to legitimize the consensus among policymakers while marginalizing alternative views that also might be critical of official policy. To examine the U.S. media’s coverage of human trafficking, all relevant articles in The New York Times and Washington Post between 1980 and 2006 (N=605) were content analyzed for story trigger, country focus, issues cited, and sources used. The results of the content analysis largely correspond to theoretical expectations by showing that the coverage has relied mostly on official sources and framed in a way that has mirrored the dominant view of trafficking. Yet, the analysis also shows that articles initiated by journalists are more likely to break away from the official frame and report alternative views in their coverage of human trafficking than articles generated from traditional news beats.
Connecting Social Media and Traditional Media: Best & Worst Practices

Companies today seeking to establish closer customer relationships face a daunting task: how to develop and manage their social media marketing platforms and align them with traditional media. However, there is little agreement on what performance metrics should be used to evaluate social media campaigns. Furthermore, questions remain regarding the role social media plays in the firm’s overall marketing campaign. While consumers are adopting increasingly active roles in co-creating marketing content along with companies and their respective brands, many firms still are less comfortable relinquishing control of their brand message within the unstructured social media environment. The challenge facing companies is that, although they recognize the need to be active in social media, they don’t truly understand how to do it effectively, what performance indicators they should be measuring, and how they should be measured. In this paper, we examine different approaches by firms to use social media in conjunction with their traditional media. We apply different performance metrics to these campaigns and measure consumer reaction. We highlight best practices across several firms’ efforts to leverage social media in order to reach the important youth audience, and we conclude with insights and lessons related to the strategic integration of social media into firms’ existing marketing communications strategies.
Effects of Long-Acting Loop Diuretics in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Patients With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

There have been no reports evaluating the impact of long-acting loop diuretics (LLD) on the outcome of heart failure (HF) and arrhythmia treatment in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients implanted with a cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device.This was a prospective, single-blind, randomized crossover study. We allocated 21 consecutive CRT implanted patients into 2 groups. The furosemide group received furosemide as a first treatment and azosemide as a second treatment. The azosemide group received this treatment in the reverse order. The first treatment was given to each group for 6 months and the second treatment continued for an additional 6 months. We combined the data of each medication regimen in each group and analyzed it at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. The primary endpoints were the variation of fluid index and thoracic impedance measured by CRT at 6 months.The baseline characteristics were similar for both groups. The difference in the primary endpoints was not statistically significant between the 2 medication arms (fluid index: -29.6 ± 64.4 versus 16.2 ± 48.2; P = 0.22, thoracic impedance: -0.49 ± 17.8 versus 2.45 ± 12.5; P = 0.56). Likewise, the clinical outcome of HF and the CRT derived parameters in both arms were comparable.HFrEF patients taking LLD after CRT implantation might be comparable to those taking short-acting loop diuretics in the treatment of HF and HF-associated arrhythmias.
Surgeon Involvement in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in the United States: A 2016 Society of Thoracic Surgeons Survey

Background The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) surveyed cardiothoracic surgeon participants in its Adult Cardiac Surgery Database (ACSD) to learn the extent of surgeon involvement in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures. Methods An electronic survey was delivered to 2,594 surgeons in June 2016. When the survey closed 2 weeks later, 487 completed surveys had been submitted for a response rate of 18.8%. Results Among the 487 participants in the ACSD who responded to the survey, 410 (84.2%) reported that TAVR was performed at their institutions. Approximately three-quarters reported that they performed TAVR procedures as part of a heart team (77.5%; 313 of 404), cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons were jointly responsible for TAVR referrals (83.7%; 339 of 405), and TAVR programs were administered either jointly by the cardiology and cardiac surgery departments or exclusively by the cardiac surgery department (73.3%; 297 of 405). A majority were involved in the pre-, intra-, and postoperative care of patients undergoing TAVR, with 91.4% (370 of 405) reporting participation in multidisciplinary meetings, at least 50% regularly performing technical aspects in 10 of 11 conduct of operation categories, and 86.6% (266 of 307) caring for patients undergoing TAVR after the procedure. Conclusions Cardiac surgeons in the United States are active participants in the management of patients with aortic stenosis as part of the heart team. The STS survey found that not only were they actively involved in the treatment decision-making process but they also played a significant role in the valve procedure, including deployment and postprocedural care. The heart team model continues to evolve and should be expanded into other areas of structural heart disease.
Monitoring influenza virus susceptibility to oseltamivir using a new rapid assay, iART.

A new rapid assay for detecting oseltamivir resistance in influenza virus, iART, was used to test 149 clinical specimens. Results were obtained for 132, with iART indicating 41 as ‘resistant’. For these, sequence analysis found known and suspected markers of oseltamivir resistance, while no such markers were detected for the remaining 91 samples. Viruses isolated from the 41 specimens showed reduced or highly reduced inhibition by neuraminidase inhibition assay. iART may facilitate broader antiviral resistance testing.
Caspase-11 regulates HMGB1 release from liver during polymicrobial sepsis (INM2P.348)

Caspase-11 was recently identified as the cytosolic LPS receptor, although little is known about its role in a polymicrobial sepsis. We subjected WT and caspase-11-/-(casp-11-/-) mice to polymicrobial sepsis in the form of cecal ligation and puncture(CLP). By 18h caspase-11 was upregulated and activated in multiple tissues, including liver. Casp-11-/- mice had significantly lower bacterial levels in peritoneum (3.9E+5±2.4E+5 vs 8.3E+6±4.8E+6CFU/mL;p<0.05), lower systemic cytokine levels (IL1b;IL6) and reduced peritoneal neutrophil death (3.1±0.3 vs 6.7±0.5%;p<0.05) vs WT. HMGB1 has been associated with late mortality during sepsis and hepatocytes (HC) are major producers of HMGB1 after CLP, as shown by significantly decreased plasma HMGB1 in HC-specific HMGB1-/- mice at 18h after CLP vs WT(11±3vs53±9ng/mL;p<0.05). Similarly, plasma HMGB1 levels in casp-11-/- mice were significantly lower after CLP vs WT(14±2 vs 39±8ng/mL;p<0.05). To confirm a role for caspase-11 in HMGB1 release, we stimulated primary isolated HC with LPS(100ng/mL) for 24h in vitro . Media HMGB1 level increased significantly in WT HC after LPS stimulation, but not in casp-11-/- HC. Furthermore, HC cell death was not different between WT and casp-11-/- HC +/- LPS suggesting the release of HC-HMGB1 regulated by caspase-11 is not passive via induction cell death. Our data suggest novel roles for caspase-11 in regulation of immune responses during sepsis including the regulation of HMGB1 release by epithelial cells.
Multiplexed analysis of fixed tissue RNA using Ligation in situ Hybridization

Clinical tissues are prepared for histological analysis and long-term storage via formalin fixation and paraffin embedding (FFPE). The FFPE process results in fragmentation and chemical modification of RNA, rendering it less suitable for analysis by techniques that rely on reverse transcription (RT) such as RT-qPCR and RNA-Seq. Here we describe a broadly applicable technique called 'Ligation in situ Hybridization' ('LISH'), which is an alternative methodology for the analysis of FFPE RNA. LISH utilizes the T4 RNA Ligase 2 to efficiently join adjacent chimeric RNA-DNA probe pairs hybridized in situ on fixed RNA target sequences. Subsequent treatment with RNase H releases RNA-templated ligation products into solution for downstream analysis. We demonstrate several unique advantages of LISH-based assays using patient-derived FFPE tissue. These include >100-plex capability, compatibility with common histochemical stains and suitability for analysis of decade-old materials and exceedingly small microdissected tissue fragments. High-throughput DNA sequencing modalities, including single molecule sequencing, can be used to analyze ligation products from complex panels of LISH probes ('LISH-seq'), which can be amplified efficiently and with negligible bias. LISH analysis of FFPE RNA is a novel methodology with broad applications that range from multiplexed gene expression analysis to the sensitive detection of infectious organisms.
Earnings Management through Tax Reserves and Auditor-Provided Tax Services

This study investigates whether firms continue to use tax reserves to achieve financial reporting objectives in the post-FIN 48 period and the effect of auditor-provided tax services on earnings management through tax reserves. Three types of earnings management incentives are considered in this study: meeting or beating the consensus forecasts, income smoothing, and taking an “earnings bath.” The analyses yield evidence that only non-large firms manipulate tax reserves to meet/beat earnings forecast in the post-FIN 48 period; however, tax reserves are still utilized by both large and non-large firms to smooth earnings. Moreover, evidence is provided that the auditor who provides more tax services facilitates large firms’ earnings smoothing in the post-FIN 48 period, implying independence impairment. But this behavior does not exist within non-large firms, arguably because the auditor does not compromise independence for less important clients.
Closing the gap: connecting sudden representational change to the subjective Aha! experience in insightful problem solving

Two hallmarks of insightful problem solving are thought to be suddenness in the emergence of solution due to changes in problem representation, and the subjective Aha! experience. Although a number of studies have explored the Aha! experience, few studies have attempted to measure representational change. Following the lead of Durso et al. (Psychol Sci 5(2):94–97, 1994) and Cushen and Wiley (Conscious Cognit 21(3):1166–1175, 2012), in this study, participants made importance-to-solution ratings throughout their solution attempts as a way to assess representational change. Participants viewed a set of magic trick videos with the task of finding out how each trick worked, and rated six action verbs for each trick (including one that implied the correct solution) multiple times during solution. They were also asked to indicate the extent to which they experienced an Aha! moment. Patterns of ratings that showed a sudden change towards a correct solution led to stronger Aha! experiences than patterns that showed a more incremental change towards a correct solution, or a change towards incorrect solutions. The results show a connection between sudden changes in problem representations (leading to correct solutions) and the subjective appraisal of solutions as an Aha! experience. This offers the first empirical support for a close relationship between two theoretical constructs that have traditionally been assumed to be related to insightful problem solving.
What we have learned from research about the prevention of HIV transmission among drug abusers.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: After more than 10 years of experience conducting behavioral changes interventions and with accumulated research results, several emergent principle have been identified for the effective prevention of HIV-transmission among drug abusers. In August 1997, a symposium was held in Flagstaff, Arizona, to achieve tow major purposes: (1) to synthesize the finding from HIV prevention research conducted to date for interventions targeting drug abusers and (2) to extract a preliminary set of prevention principles that could be linked to effectiveness across at least two or more studies. This chapter summarizes the key findings of that symposium. METHODS: Major finding were abstracted from the conclusion sections of the presentations and from the chapters included in this special volume. Many consistencies regarding intervention approaches across studies were noted. These findings are discussed under the following headings: General Observations, Engagement, Multiple Interventions, Intervention Issues, Methodological Issues, and Translation from Research to Practice. Suggested areas for further research are also presented and discussed. RESULTS: Ten principles that have implications for HIV prevention interventions emerged from this preliminary review of the research. These principles engage drug users into the intervention; specify target behaviors and attitudes for intervention; suggest setting to optimize outreach: and recommend booster approaches to reinforce knowledge, skills, and attitudes learned through the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The drug abuse community is threatened by the incursion of HIV and by the hepatitis viruses A, B, and C. The same behaviors are involved in transmitting all of these viruses. The first generation of research to assess the impact of a variety of interventions delivered among drug abusers to prevent HIV has shown consistently favorable findings, proving that drug abusers can be helped to change their risky drug-using behaviors and, to a lesser extent, their risky sexual behaviors. The need to translate these findings for community practitioners is heightened by the devastating impact of HIV and AIDS.
Wednesday, September 26, 2018 7:35 AM–9:00 AM ePosters: P10. Infant positioning impacts neck and back muscle activity: a pilot study exploring implications for spinal development

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Since 1992, pediatricians have recommended that all infants be placed to sleep in the supine or side-lying position to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Although this policy successfully reduced the incidence of SIDS by nearly 50%, questions regarding the positional impact on musculoskeletal and motor development have since surfaced. Studies have linked prone positioning to extensor muscle development and motor milestone achievements, and some believe a link can be made between infant positioning and idiopathic infantile scoliosis. Recently, a relationship between muscle forces and spinal curvatures, particularly hyperkyphosis, was found in fetal chicks, leading to more questions regarding the role of the paraspinal muscles in early spinal development/deformity. PURPOSE The purpose of this pilot study is to examine relationships between infant positions and neck or back muscle activity using electromyography (EMG). STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Electromyographic research study. PATIENT SAMPLE Healthy infants aged 2-7 months. OUTCOME MEASURES Normalized mean EMG data. METHODS Seven healthy infants (mean 5.2 months, 5 male) were enrolled in the study. Surface EMG recorded muscle activity of bilateral cervical paraspinal and erector spinae muscles during five 30-second tasks: laying prone, laying supine, held in arms, held in a baby carrier, and in a car seat. EMG data was normalized to the prone task, and paired t-tests were used to compare to the prone position (p RESULTS Infants exhibited significantly more erector spinae activity during prone positioning compared to all other tasks, and twice as much compared to the supine position (p CONCLUSIONS This first look at the muscle activity of healthy infants in common positions supports the importance of prone time in neck and back development. Prone time significantly increases erector spinae activity. As subject enrollment continues, the in-carrier position may show comparable neck muscle activity to the prone position, as the baby must support the weight of the head while upright.
The Role of State Context in Promoting Service Coordination in Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Programs.

Context The federal Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) program provides funding to states to promote health and development of at-risk expectant families and families with young children. MIECHV programs are required to coordinate services within a larger system of care; yet, little is known about state-level factors that support coordination. Objective This study examined state-level supports and barriers for coordination of home visiting with other entities within the early childhood system of care. Methods A Web-based survey was distributed in 2016 via e-mail to MIECHV administrators in all 50 states, 5 US territories, and the District of Columbia. The survey elicited information on 5 domains shown by theory and prior research to support coordination: MIECHV leadership, state leadership, shared goals across sectors, data systems, and finance. Respondents also rated their perceptions of state-level coordination. Results Forty-two (75%) of the MIECHV administrators participated in the survey. States and territories varied widely within and across the 5 domains of support for coordination. MIECHV leadership was an area of relative strength, whereas data systems and finance showed the most room for improvement. State leadership and shared goals were associated with stronger perceptions of state-level coordination. Conclusions The findings indicate opportunities for shared learning among states to enhance coordination infrastructure. Such efforts should include multiple stakeholder perspectives and consideration of local and organizational contexts. This work could be facilitated using the service coordination toolkit developed as part of this project.
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for IgM-Associated Amyloid Light-Chain Amyloidosis.

Abstract IgM-related amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare disease, with patients presenting with more renal and neurologic involvement and less cardiac involvement compared with those with non–IgM-related disease. We retrospectively reviewed 38 patients receiving autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) for IgM-related AL amyloidosis at the Mayo Clinic between May 1999 and June 2018. Median age was 61years, and 71% were men. The most common organs involved were renal (63%), neurologic (32%), and cardiac (26%). The median difference between involved and uninvolved free light chains was 6.2mg/dL, and most patients had early Mayo stage disease (87% Mayo stage I 2004 and 74% Mayo stage I 2012). The overall response rate was 92%, with 76% of patients achieving at least a very good partial response. Renal response was seen in 65% of patients (15/23; median time, 18 months post-ASCT; range 3 to 52) and cardiac response in 60% of patients (6/10; median time, 12 months post-ASCT; range 10 to 35). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 48 and 106 months, respectively. Organ response predicted better PFS and OS (median PFS, 93 months for organ response versus 16 months for no organ response [P = .0006]; and median OS, 123 months for organ response versus 41 months for no organ response [P = .02]). Two patients died within 100days of transplant, representing a 5% 100-day mortality. ASCT is an effective therapy that can be safely delivered to carefully selected patients with IgM-related AL amyloidosis.
Sampling Wild Species to Conserve Genetic Diversity

Sampling seed from natural populations of crop wild relatives requires choice of the locations and the amount of seed to sample. While this may seem like a simple choice, in fact careful planning of a collector’s sampling strategy is needed to ensure that a crop wild collection will contain high genetic variation, which is in turn needed for high potential for breeding or selection. Here we first describe the different conservation targets and intensities at which a collector might sample. We then review research on the appropriate number of populations, plants, and seeds to collect, and we review different methodologies available for helping to make these decisions. We suggest that samplers reconsider the long-standing minimum of 50 samples per population, as this will be insufficient in some cases. We explain that the optimal minimum number of populations, samples, and seeds can be determined with modeling approaches (niche modeling, a genetic survey, or simulations) that use knowledge of a species’ inherent traits (e.g., outcrossing rates) and geographic distribution. Lastly, we review some practical aspects of sampling, including the need to return to the source population to collect seed due to genetic change over time and the need to collect additional seed (sometimes 10 times as much seed) to account for loss of seed during storage and use. We also emphasize the utility of collecting abundant spatial and environmental data during seed sampling, as well as considering how samples will be used for accompanying genetic analyses, in order to make ex situ collections useful for research and breeding for many years to come.
Are Anesthesia Resident Programs Failing Regional Anesthesia

In an effort to refute or confirm the impression that anesthesiology residency training programs were not teaching regional anesthetic techniques, all residency program directors were polled. The results confirmed that residents were performing a mean of approximately 20% of surgical anesthesia under some form of regional anesthesia. However, there was a wide discrepancy and some residents were performing none. Obviously these training programs were failing to teach the anesthesiology residents a technique which should be available to any certified specialist.
Automated CT registration tool improves sensitivity to change in ventricular volume in patients with shunts and drains

Objective:CT is the mainstay imaging modality for assessing change in ventricular volume in patients with ventricular shunts or external ventricular drains (EVDs). We evaluated the performance of a...
Systolic blood pressure postural changes variability is associated with greater dementia risk

Objective To determine whether orthostatic hypotension (OHYPO) and visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) postural changes variability are associated with incident dementia. Methods We studied 2,131 older adults from the Health, Aging, Body Composition cohort study. Orthostatic BP was repeatedly assessed over a 5-year baseline period. OHYPO was defined as a fall ≥15 mm Hg in systolic or ≥7 mm Hg in diastolic BP after standing from a sitting position for ≥1/3 of visits. Systolic and diastolic OHYPO were also examined separately. BP postural changes variability over time was evaluated using several indicators including standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV). Incident dementia was determined over 12 years following the baseline period by dementia medication use, ≥1.5 SD decline in Modified Mini-Mental State or hospitalization records. Results Of 2,131 participants (mean age 73 years, 53% female, 39% black), 309 (14.5%) had OHYPO, 192 (9.0%) systolic OHYPO, 132 (6.2%) diastolic OHYPO and 462 (21.7%) developed dementia. After adjustment for demographics, seated systolic BP (SBP), antihypertensive drugs, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, depressive symptoms, smoking, alcohol, body mass index and presence of 1 or 2 APOE e4 alleles, systolic OHYPO was associated with greater dementia risk (adjusted HR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.01–1.88) unlike diastolic OHYPO and OHYPO. SBP postural changes variability was also associated with higher dementia risk (highest tertile of variability (CV): adjusted HR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.06–1.71). Conclusion Systolic OHYPO and visit-to-visit SBP postural changes variability were associated with greater dementia risk. Our findings raise the question of potential preventive interventions to control orthostatic SBP and its fluctuations.
Paradise Ridge Winery: Can a Tragedy Strengthen a Brand?

Paradise Ridge Winery had celebrated its grand reopening of its main estate after being destroyed in the 2017 Tubbs wildfire when it was once again forced to close its doors to the COVID-19 pandemic. Rene Byck and his sister, Sonia Byck-Barwick, vice-presidents and co-owners, chose this as a time to completely reevaluate how they were going to interact with the public. They relied so much on tourism and large event hosting that they knew that they needed to capitalize on the potential opportunities present, and also create an effective strategy to navigate the uncertain future of the wine industry. They didn’t know when things might return to normal, so this was the perfect opportunity to become one of the best prepared wineries; but where to focus? Do they consider adjusting the winery’s prices, changing its hospitality operations, and/or investing in further digital and regional advertising? What do they need to account for before they can make any decisions?
Preference and Polarity: Epistemic Stance in Question Design

This article considers the use of negative polarization in polar (yes/no) questions. It argues that question polarity is used to take an epistemic stance toward the probability or improbability of ...
Not All in This Together? Early Estimates of the Unequal Labour Market Effects of COVID-19

Recent studies have highlighted the unequal labour market effects of the COVID-19 crisis in advanced economies. We contribute to this literature by drawing on a new survey of almost 40,000 adults in 14 advanced as well as emerging economies conducted in August 2020. We show that while labour market impacts are, on average, more severe in emerging markets, these are less unequally distributed than in advanced economies. In line with the findings of existing studies for advanced economies, we document that job losses in emerging markets are also concentrated among the young, less educated and those with lower levels of income before the pandemic. However, we find that the likelihood of job losses falls less sharply with income in emerging markets than in advanced economies. Drawing on a similar survey conducted in 2010 we show that, unlike the Global Financial Crisis, the COVID-19 crisis disproportionately hit women. Job losses also appear to me more concentrated among the young now than during the Global Financial Crisis.
Gamma rhythms and visual information in mouse V1 specifically modulated by somatostatin+ neurons in reticular thalamus

Visual perception in natural environments depends on the ability to focus on salient stimuli while ignoring distractions. This kind of selective visual attention is associated with gamma activity in the visual cortex. While the nucleus reticularis thalami (nRT) has been implicated in selective attention, its role in modulating gamma activity in the visual cortex remains unknown. Here, we show that somatostatin- (SST) but not parvalbumin-expressing (PV) neurons in the visual sector of the nRT preferentially project to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), and modulate visual information transmission and gamma activity in primary visual cortex (V1). These findings pinpoint the SST neurons in nRT as powerful modulators of the visual information encoding accuracy in V1 and represent a novel circuit through which the nRT can influence representation of visual information.
Infection after Open Long Bone Fractures: Can we Improve on Prophylaxis?

ABSTRACT Introduction Current standards recommend antibiotic prophylaxis administered after open fracture injury. The purpose of this study was to assess culture results in patients with open fracture-associated infections, hypothesizing that cultures obtained do not vary by Gustilo-Anderson (GA) classification. Methods We examined cultured bacterial species from patients with open long bone fractures that underwent irrigation and debridement at a Level 1 trauma center (2008-2016), evaluating our current and two hypothetical antibiotic protocols to assess whether they provided appropriate coverage. The antibiotic protocols included protocols 1 (cefazolin, with gentamicin added for type III fractures), 2 (vancomycin and cefepime) and 3 (ceftriaxone). Results GA classification was not associated with bacterial gram stain (P = 0.161), nor was it predictive of mono- versus polymicrobial infection (P = 0.094). Of 42 culture-positive infections, 31 were type III and 11 were type I or II fractures. 27% of the infections for type I or II fractures were caused by organisms targeted by protocol 1 (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04-0.82; P = 0.027). There was no difference in coverage by fracture type among protocol 2 (P = 0.771) or protocol 3 (P = 0.891). For type III fractures, protocol 2 provided 94% appropriate coverage compared to 68% and 61% coverage by protocols 1 and 3, respectively. Conclusion For open fractures complicated by infection, isolated bacterial organisms do not correlate with GA open fracture classification, suggesting that hypothetical protocol 2 should be used for all fracture types. Protocol 2’s broad coverage, across all GA fracture types, may prevent infection by organisms not covered by current antibiotic prophylaxis.
Mind and World in Aristotle's De Anima

Why is the human mind able to perceive and understand the truth about reality; that is, why does it seem to be the mind's specific function to know the world? Sean Kelsey argues that both the question itself and the way Aristotle answers it are key to understanding his work De Anima, a systematic philosophical account of the soul and its powers. In this original reading of a familiar but highly compressed text, Kelsey shows how this question underpins Aristotle's inquiry into the nature of soul, sensibility, and intelligence. He argues that, for Aristotle, the reason why it is in human nature to know beings is that 'the soul in a way is all beings'. This new perspective on the De Anima throws fresh and interesting light on familiar Aristotelian doctrines: for example, that sensibility is a kind of ratio (logos), or that the intellect is simple, separate, and unmixed.
The Clear Architecture of the Nerves: The Poetry of Frank O'Hara

British romanticism can now take the Orphic strain in a punningly Joycean direction. And Kathleen Raine's review of David Jones's The Sleeping Lord may remind us that even a poet who is justly called "the last of the bards" can be a modern sign-maker?indeed, a Joycean artificer of verbal laby rinths. David Jones, Charles Olson, Frank O'Hara and Ronald Johnson share few ideological or even styUstic assumptions. But surely they would all understand why Octavio Paz has insisted that, as our century goes on, any work which really counts must be "a form in search of itseU." Finally, Charles Altieri reminds us that the act of reading or interpreting must also involve a continual seU-interrogation. He reviews the major theo retical models available to the interpreter, proposes a theory of the poem as act, and tests it by reading "Final SoUloquy of the Interior Paramour," one of Wallace Stevens' many poems "of the mind in the act of finding / What will suffice."
Effect of Internal Adenine Nucleotides on Sodium Pump-Catalyzed Na-Na and Na-K Exchanges

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effect of internal adenine nucleotides on sodium pump-catalyzed Na–Na and Na–K exchanges. Na–K exchange is a saturating function of internal ATP. An increase in the concentration of ADP and ATP held constant, there is a sharp decrease in Na–K exchange. The inhibition by ADP is dependent on the ATP concentration because the ADP effect diminishes with increasing ATP concentrations. On the other hand, Na–Na exchange depends on the concentration of ADP. However ADP activation is independent of the ATP concentration.
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: Methods for Structure and Dynamics Studies

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) partially or completely lack a cooperatively folded structure under native conditions, preventing their equilibrium state from being adequately described by a single structural model. Reaching the goal of quantitatively describing IDP structure–function relationships has required the development of novel experiments aiming to characterize their structure and dynamics. This article will cover the state of the art in defining IDP structures, with particular emphasis on the role NMR has to play in resolving this grand challenge. In addition, the article will close with a survey of contemporary computational approaches to utilizing NMR structural constraints for IDP model generation. As a case study aiming to motivate the points made, examples will be provided from our investigation of the intrinsically disordered C-terminal region of FCP1 and its interaction with the cooperatively folded winged-helix domain from Rap74. Keywords: NMR resonance assignment; residual dipolar couplings; paramagnetic relaxation enhancement; spin relaxation; carbon detection; ensemble model; structure determination; molecular dynamics; IDP ; FCP1
Intravitreal bevacizumab for choroidal metastases secondary to adenocarcinoma of the lung

To present a case of choroidal metastases from lung adenocarcinoma treated with intravitreal bevacizumab prior to external beam radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. Retrospective interventional. A 72-year-old male, with no significant past ocular or medical history, presented with decreased visual acuity (VA) and a relative scotoma in his left eye. Clinical examination revealed an elevated subretinal lesion in the superotemporal macula in the left eye with fovea-involving subretinal fluid (SRF). Systemic workup revealed metastatic primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. The patient was treated with two intravitreal bevacizumab injections 5 days apart. However, given persistent SRF, external beam radiation and systemic chemotherapy were initiated, which yielded a resolution of SRF, involution of the lesions, and restoration of VA. Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy represents a therapeutic option for choroidal metastases, enthusiasm for positive results should be tempered. Anti-VEGF agents may be used as adjuncts with other modalities such as external radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy in the management of such lesions.
An exploration of context and the use of evidence-based nonpharmacological practices in emergency departments.

Background The uptake of evidence in practice remains a challenge for healthcare professionals including nurses and providers. Increased use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in healthcare settings may improve patient conditions such as pain and decrease the cost of health care. The relationship between context in the practice environment and uptake of EBP remains an understudied area. Aims This study explored the relationships of context including the elements of individual, unit, and hospital and the use of evidence-based nonpharmacological pediatric pain management practices (EBNPPs) using an existing data set of RNs and providers, defined as doctors of medicine and osteopathy, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants caring for children in the emergency department. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted using correlation and regression. Results Initial analysis identified several significant positive correlations with individual, unit, and hospital context elements and EBNPP. A significant correlation was not found between evaluation and EBNPP and magnet status and EBNPP for RNs or providers. RN regression analyses found that knowledge and continuing education were significant predictors of EBNPP. Overall context was a significant predictor of EBNPP for both the RN and provider models. A pooled regression analysis with RNs and providers found that RNs had a significant increased use of EBNPP when compared to providers. Conclusions Regression analyses found that overall context significantly predicted the use of EBPPM for RNs and providers although no one element—individual, unit, or hospital—was identified as more important. The effect of context on EBNPP did not differ by profession in this sample. Future research should focus on the overall influence of context on EBP and consider other factors that may play a role in the uptake of EBP.