cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Total Quality Management Into Safety Program: General Approach

An increasing number of articles in professional journals in safety field address the natural fit between safety and quality. As a group, safety professionals strive to improve organizational performance through application of loss control and safety management techniques. The total quality management (TQM) philosophy also emphasizes improvement of overall organizational performance via application of quality management concepts and techniques. This paper presents a conceptual model and framework for developing a comprehensive safety program with incorporating elements of TQM which contribute to potential hazards and accidents reduction. These methods are demonstrated on the example of safety program for Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory (SSC). The goal of this program is to analyze various components interfaces and interrelationships to ensure that they meet specified safety criteria. The proposed program is based on a proven managerial approach to provide timely documentation for design and operations associated with systems, facilities, and equipment. As a result of this program, provisions and actions for quality assurance, reliability, safety, and hazard prevention and control have been put in place to reduce all identifiable potential hazards to a low risk level.© 2002 ASME
Justice and Job Engagement: The Role of Uncertainty about Senior Management Trustworthiness

This study examined the role uncertainty about senior management trustworthiness has on work motivation for explaining the relationships of distributive and procedural justice with citizenship beha...
Equine anti-hapten antibody-VIII. Isoelectric fractions of IgM and 7 S anti-lactose antibody☆

Abstract Anti-lactose antibodies induced in a horse with a bacterial vaccine were specifically purified and separated into IgM adn 7 S populations. These were further fractionated by liquid preparative isoelectric focusing. The fractions thus obtained were characterized by their affinity for a monovalent lactose-containing hapten and the deviation from homogeneous binding. In the IgM population there was a major component which exhibited the maximum affinity observed in the IgM fractions and functional homogeneity with a K 0 value of 4 × 10 5 M −1 . It was presumably a monoclonal product which persisted as the major IgM antibody during, at least, an 8-week period, from the 6th week to the 14th week after initial immunization. The emergence of this component is regarded as the result of an early maturation process. Another, non-homogeneous IgM fraction appeared to undergo maturation during the 8-week period but did not attain the affinity of the major component. The 7 S population gave rise to several major isoelectric components one of which was isolated in a functionally homogeneous form. All of the 7 S fractions exhibited a striking increase in affinity during the 8-week period and reached a common value of K 0 of 2 × 10 6 M −1 . This result provides further evidence for the selective limitation of the affinity of IgM antibody. The binding results with functionally homogeneous IgM component also demonstrate the functional equivalence and independent reactivity of the 10 combining sites of the IgM molecule. Finally, the disparity between the maximum affinities for the IgM and 7 S antibodies raises a question about the notion of an IgM -7 S switch. However, the occurrence of such a transition can be made compatible with our results by introducing special features for this process.
Making Interactive Videodisc Computer Simulation Accessible and Practice Relevant

ABSTRACT Interactive videodisc programming has demonstrated success in social work education as an important adjunct to traditional learning formats. Both quantitative and practice skills have been programmed for this format employing a touch screen that permits self-paced, self-guided instruction. The videodisc contains high-quality audio-visual simulations that are capable of supporting high-order integrative learning such as is required in the acquisition of social work practice skills and concepts. However, despite the great possibilities and promise of interactive videodisc programming, it remains an expensive learning medium which has the potential to be misused. This manuscript will address the following topics: using IVD, producing IVD, IVD and high-order learning, IVD and accountable service delivery, IVD instructor cost-savings and future directions in technology. Several different approaches to contain the costs and increase the feasibility of this technology will be discussed.
Applications Of Videodensitometry To Quantitative Radiological Measurements In Medicine

Clinical radiology has until recent years been confined to morphologic examinations. Questions relating to a patient's health have been answered by visual examinations of the patient's x-ray films. A priori knowledge of altered physiology, injury, etc., combined with the radiologist's skills has usually been sufficient to enable the physician to make an intelligent diagnosis. However, within the past few years new and innovative techniques of diagnosis involving the electronic analysis of video recorded fluoroscopy have evolved. These techniques have been grouped under the general heading of videodensitometry. (Ref. 1-9) They allow the radiologist to directly assess and measure physiologic parameters from the televised roentgen image. By utilizing information that is normally available during routine roentgenographic examinations, the patient is not exposed to any additional radiation hazard.© (1974) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Determination of antiplasmodial activity and binding affinity of curcumin and demethoxycurcumin towards PfTrxR

In our study, the inhibitory activity of curcuminoids towards Plasmodium falciparum thioredoxin reductase (PfTrxR) was determined using LC-MS-based functional assay and showed that only demethoxycurcumin (DMC) inhibited PfTrxR (IC50: 2 μM). In silico molecular modelling was used to ascertain and further confirm that the binding affinities of curcumin and DMC are towards the dimer interface of PfTrxR. The in vitro antiplasmodial activities of curcumin and DMC were evaluated and shown to be active against chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive (D6 clone) and moderately active against CQ-resistant (W2 clone) strains of Plasmodium falciparum while no cytotoxicity was observed against Vero cells.
Effect of a phorbol ester on a transformation-sensitive surface protein of chick fibroblasts.

PMA (phorbol myristate acetate) is the most active of a class of compounds present in croton oil which act as tumour promoters1–3. While PMA possesses little car-cinogenicity in its own night, its repeated application to mouse skin causes tumour induction in animals treated up to several months previously with a single subthreshold dose of a carcinogen. If the order of treatments is reversed, that is, if PMA treatment precedes that with the carcinogen, then no tumours are induced. Studies both with mouse skin and with cells in tissue culture indicate substantial effects of PMA on cell behaviour and biochemistry. Many of these effects such as alteration of phospholipid synthesis4 or stimulation of Na+, K+-ATPase and 5′-nucleotidase5 relate to the cell membrane. We report here that PMA alters the cell surface protein composition of chick embryo fibroblasts, causing a decrease in the major surface protein LETS (molecular weight 250,000). Previous work by several laboratories has indicated that LETS, which is present on the surface of fibroblasts from a variety of species, either decreases or disappears upon transformation6–11. Although LETS is highly sensitive to cleavage by proteases such as plasmin12, its mechanism of loss following transformation remains to be clarified.
Spatially distributed algorithm for mitigation of atmospheric distortions of the laser beam

Development of long-range laser communication devices capable of operating within Earth's atmosphere is a challenging task. Turbulence effects cause changes of the refractive index, thus creating random redistribution of optical energy in the spatial domain and imposing performance limitations on the laser systems. A mathematical model describing effects of turbulence on the optical wave propagation, based on the Rytov approximation, is presented. A common method of mititaging these effects suggest dynamic wavefront control of the laser beam. In our approach this goal is achieved by placing an adjustable electrically addressed spatial light modulator in the transmitter output. A novel spatially distributed gradient minimization scheme is developed for calculating the required phase profiles. The resultant system is implemented in a simulation setup and tested for convergence, speed, robustness and the ability to reduce the scintillation effect. The paper presents the basic algorithm and dmeonstrates the results of its application.
Nonlinear Aspects of High Heat Flux Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer

We deal with potential nonlinear effects in nucleate boiling systems as a result of the behavior of individual nucleation sites on the heater surface. This requires detailed microscopic modeling of the surface. A computational model has been formulated for this purpose. The model addresses the three-dimensional transient conduction heat transfer process within the problem domain comprised of the macrolayer and heater. Hydrodynamic effects are represented through boundary conditions. Individual nucleation sites are activated or deactivated depending on the thermal conditions that prevail at the site. The model has been used to examine the behavior of sites on a realistic heater surface. The results indicate that significant spatial and temporal temperature variations can occur on the surface, and that thermal interactions among sites can result in some sites operating intermittently. Surface-averaged temperatures show nonlinear period-doubling behavior. A chaotic case was found.
TIMEKEEPING POTENTIALS USING PASSIVE HYDROGEN MASERS

Recent experimental data on the frequency stability of the National Bureau of Standards small passive hydrogen masers indicates that they are superior to any commercially available cesium standard for frequency comparisons or timekeeping out to periods of at least a month. Frequency drift between the small passive hydrogen maser and an ensemble of nine commercial cesium standards has been measured and is of order 1 ± 5 x 10-16/day averaged over 72 days. This is substantially less than the drift in active hydrogen masers. Timekeeping to a few nanoseconds per week has been demonstrated using the small passive hydrogen maser. These small masers are expected to be available in a 30 cm high rack mount in the near future. Using full-sized passive hydrogen masers, it appears possible to achieve frequency stabilities of order 10-15 over days and timekeeping to about one nanosecond per week. In order to take full advantage of the improved capabilities of the passive hydrogen masers, it will be necessary to use improved time comparison techniques.
The Synthesis and Characterization of New, Robust Titanium (IV) Scorpionate Complexes

Titanium complexes possessing sterically encumbered ligands have allowed for the preparation of reactive moieties (imido, alkylidene and alkylidyne species) relevant to reactions such as olefin polymerization and alkyne hydroamination. For this reason, we have targeted robust scorpionate ancillary ligands to support reactive titanium centers. Thus, a series of titanium complexes were synthesized using an achiral oxazoline-based scorpionate ligand, tris(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolinyl)phenyl borate [To^M^]^-^ as well as the related chiral ligand, tris(4-isopropyl-2-oxazolinyl)phenyl borate [To^P^]^-^. The complex [Ti(κ^3^- To^M^)Cl~3~] was prepared in moderate yield (43%) by the rapid (<1 min at room temperature) reaction of Li[To^M^] and TiCl~4~ in methylene chloride; this new compound was characterized by ^1^H NMR spectroscopy as the expected C~3v~-symmetric species. One route to Ti (IV) alkyls involves salt metathesis; accordingly, syntheses of [To^M^]Ti alkyl complexes by interaction of [Ti(κ^3^-To^M^)Cl~3~] and one or three equivalents of alkylating agents, such as benzyl potassium (KCH~2~C~6~H~5~), trimethylsilylmethyllithium (LiCH~2~Si(CH~3~) ~3~), or neopentyl lithium (LiCH~2~C(CH~3~)~3~) are currently under investigation. The complexes [Ti(=NBut) (κ~3~-To^M^)(Cl)(Bu^t^py)] (Bu^t^py=4 tert-butylpyridine) and [Ti(=NBu^t^) (κ~3~-To^P^)(Cl)(Bu^t^py)] were synthesized by reaction of the known Ti imido [Ti(=NBu^t^)(Cl)~2~(Bu^t^py)~2~] with Li[To^M^] or Li[To^P^], respectively, by stirring overnight in methylene chloride at ambient temperature. The complexes were identified using ^1^H NMR spectroscopy, ^1^H-^13^C HMQC and ^1^H-^15^N HMBC correlation experiments.
QCD fishnets revisited

We look back at early efforts to approximate the large N_c Feynman diagrams of QCD as very large fishnet diagrams. We consider more carefully the uniqueness of rules for discretizing P^+ and ix^+ which fix the fishnet model in the strong 't Hooft coupling limit, and we offer some refinements that allow more of the crucial QCD interactions to be retained in the fishnet approximation. This new discretization has a better chance to lead to a physically sensible `bare QCD string' model. Not surprisingly the resulting fishnet diagrams are both richer in structure and harder to evaluate than those considered in older work. As warm-ups we analyze arbitrarily large fishnets of a paradigm scalar cubic theory and very small fishnets of QCD
What's new in plastic surgery

Abstract "What's New in Surgery" evolves from the contributions of leaders in each field of surgery. In every instance the author has been designated by the appropriate Council from the American College of Surgeons' Advisory Councils for the Surgical Specialties. This feature is now presented in issues of the Journal throughout the year.
A replication study of the neural correlates of deception.

The authors attempted to replicate prior group brain correlates of deception (F. Kozel et al., in press) and improve on the consistency of individual results. Healthy, right-handed adults were instructed to tell the truth or to lie while being imaged in a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI significance maps were generated for subjects giving a deceptive answer minus a truthful answer (lie minus true) and the reverse (true minus lie). The lie minus true group analysis (n = 10) revealed significant activation in 5 regions, consistent with a previous study (right orbitofrontal, inferior frontal, middle frontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, and left middle frontal), with no significant activation for true minus lie. Individual results of the lie minus true condition were variable. Results show that functional MRI is a reasonable tool with which to study deception.
Intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations of the inversion/bending potentials in the X̃andÃ states of ammonia

Abstract Mass-weighted intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations were carried out for the inversion/bending motion in the ground and lowest excited singlet states of NH 3 and ND 3 . Vibrational eigenstates were obtained from these IRC potentials directly, obviating the need to make assumptions about the coordinate dependence of the reduced mass. The 0 ± inversion splittings for the X state of NH 3 and ND 3 are found to be 1.17 and 0.89 cm −1 , respectively, at the MP4(SDQ)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. CASPT2-refined IRC scans of both the relaxed and vertical A -state surfaces were carried out. The A – X absorption spectra of NH 3 and ND 3 were modeled using the respective Boltzmann-weighted vibrational electronic transition matrix elements.
Getting to know each other—Artificial social intelligence for autonomous robots

Abstract This paper proposes a research direction to study the development of ‘artificial social intelligence’ of autonomous robots which should result in ‘individualized robot societies’. The approach is highly inspired by the ‘social intelligence hypothesis’, derived from the investigation of primate societies, suggesting that primate intelligence originally evolved to solve social problems and was only later extended to problems outside the social domain. We suggest that it might be a general principle in the evolution of intelligence, applicable to both natural and artificial systems. Arguments are presented why the investigation of social intelligence for artifacts is not only an interesting research issue for the study of biological principles, but may be a necessary prerequisite for those scenarios in which autonomous robots are integrated into human societies, interacting and communicating both with humans and with each other. As a starting point to study experimentally the development of robots' ‘social relationships’, the investigation of collection and use of body images by means of imitation is proposed. A specific experimental setup which we use to test the theoretical considerations is described. The paper outlines in what kind of applications and for what kind of robot group structures social intelligence might be advantageous.
Phase-only tapers for regular planar arrays, a heuristic nonlinear-FM approach

We present a simple approach to constructing phase-only tapers for regular planar arrays that is analogous to the instantaneous-frequency approach classically used to construct FM-chirp waveforms with high time-bandwidth products. Design experiments for a large triangular-grid array show that the crude results yielded by this method when aperture-beamwidth products are modest can sometimes be “tweaked” into reasonableness. We conjecture that such a taper would improve upon the usual uniform-weight starting point for a nonlinear-optimization approach that seeks out a local optimum. Specific design examples presented here nominally aim to approximate a brick-wall beam and a variant of a Gaussian beam.
Doppler velocity detection limitations in spectrometer-based versus swept-source optical coherence tomography

Recent advances in Doppler techniques have enabled high sensitivity imaging of biological flow to measure blood velocities and vascular perfusion. Here we compare spectrometer-based and wavelength-swept Doppler OCT implementations theoretically and experimentally, characterizing the lower and upper observable velocity limits in each configuration. We specifically characterize the washout limit for Doppler OCT, the velocity at which signal degradation results in loss of flow information, which is valid for both quantitative and qualitative flow imaging techniques. We also clearly differentiate the washout effect from the separate phenomenon of phase wrapping. We demonstrate that the maximum detectable Doppler velocity is determined by the fringe washout limit and not phase wrapping. Both theory and experimental results from phantom flow data and retinal blood flow data demonstrate the superiority of the swept-source technique for imaging vessels with high flow rates.
LONG-TERM STORAGE OF ASEPTICALLY PROCESSED AND PACKAGED DAIRY FLUIDS1

Aseptically processed and packaged dairy fluids were investigated for stability during long-term storage. Model solutions of whey and sodium caseinates, and combinations of them with milk fat were used. Sedimentation in whey protein solutions was extensive. No significant sedimentation was observed in casein solutions even after 500 days of storage. Addition of milk fat retarded sedimentation in whey protein solutions initially. Very little fat separation was observed in whey-fat solutions. Larger amounts of fat separation were observed in casein-fat or casein-whey-fat solutions. Casein-whey-fat sediments were in the form of a gel. Sporadic gelation was observed in casein solutions. Sedimentation rates from cheese whey alone are similar to gelation rates for milk for similar thermal treatments. Reactivated enzymes may be responsible for both phenomena.
A LEARNING PARALLEL ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL VECTOR QUANTIZER

A mixed-mode VLSI architecture for learning vector quantization (LVQ), with on-chip adaptation and dynamic storage of the analog templates, converts analog vectorial data in parallel to digital for...
A Monetary Budget

THE DRAWING UP OF BALANCE SHEETS for the monetary system1 has received increasing attention in many countries during the past few years. These balance sheets are particularly useful in helping to make short-term projections-which might be described as Monetary Budgets-that will indicate the monetary developments likely to accompany probable future fiscal and balance of payments experiences. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate, by reference to a hypothetical example, the practical usefulness of such a projection. The illustration proceeds by means of tables arranged in balance sheet form. The figures have no relation to the data of any actual country; they are no more than materials with which to demonstrate methods of working. It should also be said that the example has been simplified, and that many of the problems that exist in such work in real life have been omitted, in order to keep the illustration from becoming too lengthy. The main elements needed in an exercise of this kind are patience and arithmetic. For the purpose of the exercise, we imagine that we are in the Research Department of a Central Bank, and that we have been instructed to examine the monetary prospects for the coming fiscal year, say 1958-59, giving special attention to the measures needed to end the domestic price inflation that has been a constant source of trouble in the past few years. The low level of international reserves has also caused continual concern and has led to the erection of a complex structure of strict controls on international trade. It is hoped that the establishment of domestic price stability may be a first step toward easing and eliminating the restraints on trade. At the moment, the level of unemployment gives no particular cause for concern. The first step is to review the performance of the banking system in the past few years, and for this purpose Tables IA, IB, and IC are
Nanochannels fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane using sacrificial electrospun polyethylene oxide nanofibers

The authors have used electrospun polyethylene oxide nanofibers as sacrificial templates to form nanofluidic channels in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). By depositing fibers on silicon templates incorporating larger structures, the authors demonstrate that these nanochannels can be integrated easily with microfluidics. They use fluorescence microscopy to image channels filled with dye solution. The utility of the hybrid micro- and nanofluidic PDMS structures for single molecule observation and manipulation was demonstrated by introducing single molecules of λ-DNA into the channels. This nanofabrication technique allows the simple construction of integrated micro- and nanofluidic PDMS structures without lithographic nanofabrication techniques.
Another proof of a result of marcus without plücker relations

A nonconvexity theorem of Marvin Marcus on the decomposable numerical range is proved without use of Plucker coordinates.
Size Discrimination and Transposition in Monkeys with Striate and Temporal Lesions

Summary Monkeys with inferotemporal (IT) lesions, lateral striate (LS) lesions and unoperated controls were trained to discriminate between two stimuli differing in size and were then tested for size transposition to stimuli altered in absolute size, in shape and in linear dimensions (height and width). The LS animals were more severely impaired than were the IT animals in learning the discrimination. In transposition testing the LS monkeys, and to a lesser extent the IT monkeys, differed from the N monkeys in that they showed better size transposition. It is suggested that this paradoxical enhancement of transposition following cortical lesions might be due to an impairment in detecting differences between the training and test stimuli.
In situ hybridization histochemistry with oxytocin synthetic oligonucleotide: strategy for making the probe and its application

Abstract A 25 mer synthetic oligonucleotide, complementary to a specific region of the oxytocin-neurophysin preprohormone messenger RNA (mRNA), was designed for its application to in situ hybridization histochemistry. The probe was 3′-end labeled with [ 3 H] deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, and hybridization of the labeled probe to the mRNA in the rat hypothalamus was visualized autoradiographically. Hybridization products were specifically localized in the dorsal part of the supraoptic nucleus and the peripheral part of the paraventricular nucleus. Not only is the oligomer designed useful for distinguishing oxytocin from vasopressin gene expressing neurons, but also it is proving useful for studies of estrogen-progesterone effects on neurons in the paraventricular nucleus. Thus, these results indicate that in situ hybridization histochemistry with synthetic oligonucleotide can be a valuable approach to measuring gene expression in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells.
Phil Bernstein speaks out on trends at industrial research labs: what metadata management products need, peculiarities of the tenure sytem, how to fix the problems with database research conferences, and more

This interview with Phil Bernstein was videotaped at SIGMOD 2002 in Madison, Wisconsin, and revised slightly in July 2004 to bring it up to date.
Busy as a Bee or Unemployed?: Shifting Scientific Discourse on Work

Changing images of work in discourse both portray and co-constitute the shift from an industrial to a postindustrial economy. Specifically, work metaphors appear in extra-scientific and intra-scientific discourse on workers and work structures in the natural and social world. An analysis of the entomological discourse from the late nineteenth century to the present shows changes in these metaphors that overlap with the discourse of change in human work and organizational structures. For instance, the metaphor of a busy bee within an efficient hive had traditionally evoked a comparison to the modern industrial workplace. The discourse on the hive currently more closely resembles a postindustrial conception of work. Discourse analysis can illustrate the role of language in co-constructing shared changes in image of work.
A 2 kiloparsec accretion disk (?) inside a 17 kiloparsec H-alpha bar in the cooling flow cluster 2A 0335+096

Observations of the central region of the galaxy cluster associated with 2A 0335+096, obtained in H-alpha, R, I, and b45 (4506 A with FWHM 355 A) using an 800 x 800-pixel CCD detector on the 4-m telescope at KPNO on December 27 and 30, 1986, are reported. The data are presented graphically and analyzed. Features discussed include a 17-kpc-long bar of H-alpha emission surrounded by filaments, a smaller elongated H-alpha structure (possibly an accretion disk) centered on the nucleus of the central galaxy, a secondary galaxy with a red H-alpha-bright nucleus located within the 17-kpc bar about 6 arcsec from the central-galaxy nucleus, and evidence for excess blue emission (indicating star formation at about 8 solar mass/yr in the cooling flow). From the presence of dust in the emission-line gas it is inferred that theoretical models based on preferential formation of low-mass stars may not be applicable to this object.
Vicarious learning in the presence of Managerial Bias

Research question: When do firms search narrowly or broadly for targets for vicarious learning? Focal proposition: The greater the in-group bias in a firm, the narrower the search processes for targets for vicarious learning.
Review: Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion with Contrast Two-Dimensional Echocardiography

ABSTRACT Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is a new technique capable of assessing regional myocardial perfusion in vivo in real time. At present, this technique involves the intraaortic or intracoronary injection of microbubbles of air. As these microbubbles traverse the myocardium, they produce opacification of the myocardium in concomittantly performed echocardiographic images. In animal models, MCE has been demonstrated to assess accurately the in vivo risk area (region of the myocardium at risk for necrosis after acute coronary occlusion). It has also been shown to provide quantitative information on regional myocardial blood flow (both antegrade and collateral). This technique has been demonstrated to be safe in humans. In clinical studies it has been shown to be a useful adjunt to cardiac catheterization, particularly in the assessment of coronary blood flow reserve and collateral blood flow. MCE is also used in the operating room to assess regional myocardial perfusion before and after bypass graft operations. The microbubbles used for MCE were shown to opacify the left ventricular cavity after their injection into a peripheral vein. If myocardial opacification after venous injection can be achieved, MCE will have the potential for the simultaneous noninvasive in vivo assessment of regional myocardial perfusion and function in humans.
An evolutionary and life history perspective on the role of males on human futures

Humans are currently faced with several challenges that threaten the existence of our species including climate change, increased pathogen virulence, economic instability, resource depletion, and continued state sponsored violence. At first glance, these issues are scarcely manageable independently, much less collectively. At the core of these challenges are our underlying motivations and behaviors that spawned these challenges. As a species that is numerous and active in the altering of our planet, Homo sapiens, specifically, men, have been and will likely continue to hold sway over much of the global economic and political power that will influence the outcome of these challenges. Consequently it is important to understand the underlying motivations and evolutionary underpinnings that influence the decisions of all men, especially those in positions of power. While it is impossible to predict individual behaviors or policies of succeeding generations, this paper suggests that a thorough comprehension of the core aspects of human male life history such as patterns of mortality, trade offs between reproductive effort and survivorship as well as subsequent behavioral evolution can provide some glimpse into roots of behavior, policy, and the future of our species. Alternative futures vis a vis, the role of men in shaping human evolution are discussed.
Ruminative thinking in older inpatients with major depression

Ruminative thinking, the tendency to dwell on particular ideas or themes, can be a prominent part of the phenomenology of major depression, but it rarely has been the focus of empirical research. We attempted to replicate (in adult psychiatric inpatients age ≥50 years with DSM-III-R major depression) the previously published finding that ruminative thinking was associated with melancholia and with psychosis. In our sample, these associations were not present. In addition, we explored the relationships of ruminative thinking to specific areas of thought content (e.g., suicidal ideation, somatic worry), cognitive function and overall functional status; ruminative thinking was not associated with suicidal ideation, but was associated with greater somatic worry and with poorer functional status, although these associations were not independent of overall depressive severity. A substantial proportion of subjects were unable to complete the cognitive measures; ruminative thinking was independently associated with inability to complete these tasks. We conclude that ruminative thinking is a meaningful and common clinical phenomenon among severely depressed older inpatients. Further investigations in inpatients and other populations examining its relationships to other phenomenology, to course and outcome, and to putative underlying mechanisms of depression are warranted.
Scrap and Storage Markets in the Gulf of Mexico—IV. Conceptual Economic Models

Abstract Near the end of the production life of every field, a number of important decisions have to be made regarding divestment and abandonment strategies. In the final part of this series, the authors describe the factors and tradeoffs involved in end-of-life business decisions and introduce conceptual economic models to illustrate divestment timing and decommissioning decision making. Spreadsheet models are used to illustrate the economic models.
Suppression of Populations of Codling Moths by Integrated Control (Sanitation and Insecticides) in Preparation for Sterile-Moth Release

Noncommercial fruit trees in the Wenas Valley, Washington, that might be hosts for Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) were located by through surveys in 1969 and 1970. About 2400, trees were removed during the spring and summer of 1970, and 19 of the 32 trees not removed were sprayed with diazinon 2 to 5 times. All the fruit on the 13 other trees was removed and destroyed. Populations of codling moths in the 4 commercial orchards in the valley were managed by programmed applications of pesticides. When fruit surveys and traps baited with virgin females were used to monitor the populations of codling moths in the valley, including the commercial orchards, the integrated-control program (sanitation and pesticides) was found to have reduced the population an estimated 96% in 1970.
Radio-frequency surface impedance of type-II superconductors : dependence upon the magnitude and angle of an applied static magnetic field

The application of a static magnetic field introduces vortices into a type-II superconductor. The dynamic response of these vortices strongly affects the surface impedance (surface resistance and surface reactance) of the superconductor. Using a self-consistent approach for including the influence of the vortices upon the complex-valued radio-frequency penetration depth, we calculate in this paper how the surface impedance depends upon the static magnetic field's magnitude and angle relative to the surface and to the rf magnetic field. The surface resistance is maximized when the induced rf currents are perpendicular to the static field.
Crenarchaeal heterotrophy in salt marsh sediments.

Mesophilic Crenarchaeota (also known as Thaumarchaeota) are ubiquitous and abundant in marine habitats. However, very little is known about their metabolic function in situ. In this study, salt marsh sediments from New Jersey were screened via stable isotope probing (SIP) for heterotrophy by amending with a single 13C-labeled compound (acetate, glycine or urea) or a complex 13C-biopolymer (lipids, proteins or growth medium (ISOGRO)). SIP incubations were done at two substrate concentrations (30–150 μM; 2–10 mg ml−1), and 13C-labeled DNA was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes. To test for autotrophy, an amendment with 13C-bicarbonate was also performed. Our SIP analyses indicate salt marsh crenarchaea are heterotrophic, double within 2–3 days and often compete with heterotrophic bacteria for the same organic substrates. A clone library of 13C-amplicons was screened to find matches to the 13C-TRFLP peaks, with seven members of the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeal Group and seven members from the Marine Group 1.a Crenarchaeota being discerned. Some of these crenarchaea displayed a preference for particular carbon sources, whereas others incorporated nearly every 13C-substrate provided. The data suggest salt marshes may be an excellent model system for studying crenarchaeal metabolic capabilities and can provide information on the competition between crenarchaea and other microbial groups to improve our understanding of microbial ecology.
Commentary: practical and humanistic lessons from the third world for perinatal caregivers everywhere.

This well-designed carefully conducted randomized controlled trial of female relatives as labor companions by Madi and coworkers was the work of culturally sensitive researchers. The powerful benefits of a female relative as a labor companion are demonstrated by the significantly reduced need for intrapartum analgesia oxytocin amniotomy vacuum extraction and cesarean delivery for mothers in the experimental group compared with those in the control group. The information obtained from this study has direct application to the care of laboring mothers in developing countries. This study together with results from 13 randomized controlled trials of labor support in several different parts of the world provides important lessons for caregivers in industrialized nations as well. (excerpt)
Image classification by the Kittler-Young transform using a joint transform correlator

This article will discuss a two-category image classification which has been performed on a joint transform correlator (JTC) by using the Kittler-Young transform. The property of optimally utilizing the class means and variances in the Kittler-Young transform has enabled a high space-bandwidth-product operation. The digitizing effect of the liquid crystal television has been utilized to increase the correlation peaks.
dp53 Restrains ectopic neural stem cell formation in the Drosophila brain in a non-apoptotic mechanism involving Archipelago and cyclin E.

Accumulating evidence suggests that tumor-initiating stem cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs) possibly originating from normal stem cells may be the root cause of certain malignancies. How stem cell homeostasis is impaired in tumor tissues is not well understood, although certain tumor suppressors have been implicated. In this study, we use the Drosophila neural stem cells (NSCs) called neuroblasts as a model to study this process. Loss-of-function of Numb, a key cell fate determinant with well-conserved mammalian counterparts, leads to the formation of ectopic neuroblasts and a tumor phenotype in the larval brain. Overexpression of the Drosophila tumor suppressor p53 (dp53) was able to suppress ectopic neuroblast formation caused by numb loss-of-function. This occurred in a non-apoptotic manner and was independent of Dacapo, the fly counterpart of the well-characterized mammalian p53 target p21 involved in cellular senescence. The observation that dp53 affected Edu incorporation into neuroblasts led us to test the hypothesis that dp53 acts through regulation of factors involved in cell cycle progression. Our results show that the inhibitory effect of dp53 on ectopic neuroblast formation was mediated largely through its regulation of Cyclin E (Cyc E). Overexpression of Cyc E was able to abrogate dp53′s ability to rescue numb loss-of-function phenotypes. Increasing Cyc E levels by attenuating Archipelago (Ago), a recently identified transcriptional target of dp53 and a negative regulator of Cyc E, had similar effects. Conversely, reducing Cyc E activity by overexpressing Ago blocked ectopic neuroblast formation in numb mutant. Our results reveal an intimate connection between cell cycle progression and NSC self-renewal vs. differentiation control, and indicate that p53-mediated regulation of ectopic NSC self-renewal through the Ago/Cyc E axis becomes particularly important when NSC homeostasis is perturbed as in numb loss-of-function condition. This has important clinical implications.
CSF beta-amyloid 1–42 – what are we measuring in Alzheimer's disease?

Objective To characterize biological and technical factors which influence cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker levels, including the presence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele, AD diagnosis, Aβ-binding proteins, sample processing, and preanalytical handling.
2D Natural Convection and Radiation Heat Transfer Simulations of a PWR Fuel Assembly Within a Constant Temperature Support Structure

Two-dimensional simulations of steady natural convection and radiation heat transfer for a 14×14 pressurized water reactor (PWR) spent nuclear fuel assembly within a square basket tube of a typical transport package were conducted using a commercial computational fluid dynamics package. The assembly is composed of 176 heat generating fuel rods and 5 larger guide tubes. The maximum cladding temperature was determined for a range of assembly heat generation rates and uniform basket wall temperatures, with both helium and nitrogen backfill gases. The results are compared with those from earlier simulations of a 7×7 boiling water reactor (BWR). Natural convection/radiation simulations exhibited measurably lower cladding temperatures only when nitrogen is the backfill gas and the wall temperature is below 100°C. The reduction in temperature is larger for the PWR assembly than it was for the BWR. For nitrogen backfill, a ten percent increase in the cladding emissivity (whose value is not well characterized) causes a 4.7% reduction in the maximum cladding to wall temperature difference in the PWR, compared to 4.3% in the BWR at a basket wall temperature of 400°C. Helium backfill exhibits reductions of 2.8% and 3.1% for PWR and BWR respectively. Simulations were performed in which each guide tube was replaced with four heat generating fuel rods, to give a homogeneous array. They show that the maximum cladding to wall temperature difference versus total heat generation within the assembly is not sensitive to this geometric variation.© 2006 ASME
Radio channel in a minivan's passenger cabin: Preliminary ray tracing simulations

In-cabin wireless networks are attractive in that they enable the passengers to use their own personal equipment during road trips. It is therefore important to obtain information about the wave propagation in the vehicle cabin. This paper presents preliminary results of ray-tracing simulations of the in-vehicle radio channel. The simulations have been performed with respect to the passenger cabin of a Pontiac Montana (a minivan).
Role of multiple scattering in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger-electron diffraction in crystals.

The angular anisotropies of x-ray photoelectron and Auger peak intensities from Cu in epitaxial Ni-Cu-Ni(100) sandwich structures allow, for the first time, the breakdown of the observed diffraction from a crystal into the contribution from each layer of atoms. These data show that the primary role of multiple scattering of the outgoing electron wave is to deflect electron trajectories, thereby removing intensity from the strong forward-scattered beams which form upon the initial scattering events, i.e., scattering by nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor lattice atoms.
Large scale Itanium® 2 processor OLTP workload characterization and optimization

Large scale OLTP workloads on modern database servers are well understood across the industry. Their runtime performance characterizations serve to drive both server side software features and processor specific design decisions but are not understood outside of the primary industry stakeholders. We provide a rare glimpse into the performance characterizations of processor and platform targeted software optimizations running on a large-scale 32 processor, Intel® Itanium® 2 based, ccNUMA platform.
Medicine and the Culture of Commemoration: Representing Robert Koch's Discovery of the Tubercle Bacillus

Historique de la commemoration en medecine, avec pour exemple celle de la decouverte du bacille de la tuberculose par Robert Koch a Berlin en 1882. D'un cote, ces reunions etaient l'occasion de reaffirmer la grande histoire de la transformation de la medecine et de l'autre, il s'agissait d'une opportunite leur permettant de promouvoir leurs ideologies et programmes personnels.
Attenuated Thermoregulatory, Metabolic and Liver Acute Phase Protein Response to Heat Stroke in TNF Receptor Knockout Mice

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is considered an adverse mediator of heat stroke (HS) based on clinical studies showing high serum levels. However, soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR; TNF antagonists) were higher in survivors than nonsurvivors, and TNFR knockout (KO) mice showed a trend toward increased mortality, suggesting TNF has protective actions for recovery. We delineated TNF actions in HS by comparing thermoregulatory, metabolic, and inflammatory responses between B6129F2 (wild type, WT) and TNFR KO mice. Before heat exposure, TNFR KO mice showed ~0.4°C lower core temperature (T(c); radiotelemetry), ~10% lower metabolic rate (M(r); indirect calorimetry), and reduced plasma interleukin (IL)-1α and sIL-1RI than WT mice. KO mice selected warmer temperatures than WT mice in a gradient but remained hypothermic. In the calorimeter, both genotypes showed a similar heating rate, but TNFR KO maintained lower T(c) and M(r) than WT mice for a given heat exposure duration and required ~30 min longer to reach maximum T(c) (42.4°C). Plasma IL-6 increased at ~3 h of recovery in both genotypes, but KO mice showed a more robust sIL-6R response. Higher sIL-6R in the KO mice was associated with delayed liver p-STAT3 protein expression and attenuated serum amyloid A3 (SAA3) gene expression, suggesting the acute phase response (APR) was attenuated in these mice. Our data suggest that the absence of TNF signaling induced a regulated hypothermic state in the KO mice, TNF-IL-1 interactions may modulate T(c) and M(r) during homeostatic conditions, and TNF modulates the APR during HS recovery through interactions with the liver IL-6-STAT3 pathway of SAA3 regulation.
Parenting Across Diverse Contexts

This article serves as an introduction to a special issue focused on parenting in diverse cultural groups worldwide. Within this editorial, I describe popular culture presentations of parenting practices and discuss these in the context of applicability and generalizability for diverse racial, cultural and socioeconomic populations. I present background on some of the seminal research in parenting, describe the impetus for the special issue and provide a brief overview of the manuscripts selected for inclusion in this special issue of the Journal of Child and Family Studies.