cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diet and toxicity of chemicals

Abstract Nutrient and non-nutrient diet components influence the biological activity of many chemicals in different ways and by different mechanisms. The most intensive investigation has focused on interactions between diet and chemical carcinogenicity, and some general metabolic interactions have been elucidated that are applicable to groups of chemicals or diet components. Similar interactions are known for noncarcinogenic chemicals and for drugs. In most cases, however, present knowledge consists of observed phenomena without mechanisms or explanations. These cases present opportunities for research that will permit greater understanding and generalization of results.
Enhanced stability of uncemented canine femoral components by bone ingrowth into the porous coatings

The following questions were answered in this study: (1) What is the initial stability of proximally porous-coated canine femoral components? (2) Does bone ingrowth occur under these conditions? (3) Is the stability enhanced by tissue ingrowth in vivo? The stability of proximally porous-coated femoral components of canine total hip arthroplasties after 6 months to 2 years of in vivo service in dogs was measured in vitro using displacement transducers under loads simulating canine midstance. This was compared with the stability of identical components under the same loading conditions immediately after implantation in vitro in the contralateral femurs. The femurs were then sectioned and bone ingrowth into the porous coatings was quantified. The results showed that immediately after implantation the implants can move as much as 50 microns, but that the bone ingrowth into porous coatings of canine femoral components can occur even under such conditions. These data also suggested that the relative motion existing at the time of insertion can be reduced to very small amounts (< 10 microns) by bone ingrowth.
The Formation Of The Biblical Narrative Corpus

Following the lead of Spinoza, most of us have come to regard the sequence of Hebrew narrative from Genesis through Kings as a unified literary composition. It tells the story of Israel and its God from the creation of sky and land through the exile of Israel from its particular land. Although the anonymous narrator focuses on the fate of his people, he virtually always tries to identify with YHWH's point of view. For this reason, and possibly others, the narrator submerges his own identify and background. Unlike his near-contemporary Herodotus, who begins his Histories by introducing himself and his explicit agenda, the Hebrew author speaks from a perspective as wide as the cosmos. He would seem to assume the authority of God and give voice to a divinely certified account of his people's historical experience to (one assumes) his own community.
Pyruvate Prevents Restraint-Induced Immunosuppression via Alterations in Glucocorticoid Responses

Stress-evoked immunosuppression may reflect increased demands on cellular energy signaled via elevated glucocorticoid concentrations. We hypothesized that treatment with pyruvate, an alternative energy source, would ameliorate restraint-induced elevation of glucocorticoids and that this reduction in glucocorticoid exposure will prevent stress-induced immunosuppression. We provided exogenous pyruvate to mice exposed to repeated restraint and then assessed splenocyte counts and splenocyte proliferation in response to the mitogen, concanavalin A as well as IgM production in response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Immune function was suppressed in mice undergoing repeated restraint but not in mice exposed to repeated restraint followed by pyruvate treatment. All mice exposed to restraint, regardless of pyruvate supplementation, displayed equivalent occurrences of repeated elevations in corticosterone concentrations; however, the cumulative exposure to corticosterone after one episode of restraint was reduced in those mice treated with pyruvate after restraint. Finally, we tested the immunoprotective ability of pyruvate supplementation in the presence of chronically elevated corticosterone. Mice implanted with restraint-like concentrations of corticosterone after adrenalectomy decreased splenocyte counts, compared with either unmanipulated mice or mice that were implanted with a cholesterol pellet after adrenalectomy, regardless of pyruvate supplementation. These data suggest that pyruvate does not possess immunoprotective properties in the presence of chronically elevated corticosterone. Pyruvate supplementation preserves immune function during exposure to repeated restraint stressors; altered dynamics of corticosterone concentrations after pyruvate administration may mediate this immunoprotection. Pyruvate prevents restraint-induced immunosuppression via alterations in the glucocorticoid response to restraint.
The role of co-located storage for wind power producers in conventional electricity markets

In this paper we study the problem of optimizing contract offerings for an independent wind power producer (WPP) participating in conventional day-ahead forward electricity markets for energy. As wind power is an inherently variable source of energy and is difficult to predict, we explore the extent to which co-located energy storage can be used to improve expected profit and mitigate the the financial risk associated with shorting on the offered contracts. Using a simple stochastic model for wind power production and a model for the electricity market, we show that the problem of determining optimal contract offerings for a WPP with co-located energy storage can be solved using convex programming.
Pathways to Occupational Attainment Among Poor Youth of Color: The Role of Sociopolitical Development

The formation of future occupational expectations is a critical career-development task for adolescents that has a significant impact on adult occupational attainment. However, sociopolitical barriers constrain the occupational expectations and attainment of poor youth of color. Extant research has suggested that sociopolitical development, the consciousness of and motivation to transform sociopolitical inequity, facilitates the negotiation of sociopolitical barriers that constrain career development. However, the longitudinal effect of sociopolitical development on occupational attainment is unclear. This study examines the longitudinal impact of sociopolitical development on adult occupational attainment while controlling for academic performance. The obtained structural model suggests that sociopolitical development influenced occupational expectations in 12th grade and had a longitudinal impact on adult occupational attainment among a nationally representative sample of poor youth of color. This model...
Salient region detection and feature extraction in 3D visual data

Saliency detection and local feature extraction for 2D images have received extensive attention recently. In this paper, we propose saliency detection and feature extraction techniques for 3D visual data. Our algorithm directly works in 3D scale space and detects interesting regions in different scales. We then extract a local descriptor based on gradient location-orientation histogram which is invariant to scale and rotation of the 3D object. The proposed methodology has been tested on 3D synthetic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data sets. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated based on the repeatability of saliency detection and descriptor matching, after 3D transformation and in the presence of noise.
Initial Analysis of the Detectability of UO2F2 Aerosols Produced by UF6 Released from Uranium Conversion Plants

This article considers the use of wide-area environmental sampling to detect a covert centrifuge-enrichment program. It is proposed that detection may be more feasible by looking for the uranium-conversion facilities that produce the feedstock for centrifuges instead of the centrifuges directly. Aerosol particles of UO2F2 suspended in the atmosphere are considered as a possible signature. Source terms for a small-scale plant are coarsely estimated based on limited emissions data, atmospheric chemistry, and the thermodynamic of UF6 release. Atmospheric dispersion modeling is used to estimate the distance at which detection could be reasonably expected. Further research is necessary before drawing conclusions on the feasibility of this method.
Plasma cytokines and oxidative damage in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults: a protective role for IL-10?

HIV infection causes immune activation that leads to oxidative damage. Proinflammatory cytokines may promote such damage and the regulatory cytokine IL-10 may protect against such damage. To examine the relation of these cytokines to oxidative damage, 67 cases of oxidative damage and 67 matched controls were selected from the reaching for excellence in adolescent health (REACH) study. Subjects were young (15–23 years), largely female (76%), HIV-positive (73%) and black (69%). Proinflammatory cytokines were not significantly associated with oxidative damage but plasma IL-10 had a significant, negative association with oxidative damage. This finding is consistent with a protective role for IL-10 in diminishing oxidative damage during immune activation.
Condensing chromosome condensation

Mitotic chromosome condensation has fascinated biologists since Flemming's early illustrations of mitosis in the late nineteenth century. Now--130 years later--chromatid condensation is reconstituted in vitro with the minimum components. The results are remarkably and beautifully simple, requiring only core histones, three histone chaperones, topoisomerase II and condensin I.
Pattern Formation in Sea Urchin Endomesoderm as Instructed by Gene Regulatory Network Topologies

Animals consist of body parts which are spatially discrete functional units. The spatial separation of these body parts and the diversification of their function and structure are developmentally controlled by gene regulatory networks. The transcription factors and signaling molecules which participate in the spatial organization of a developing organism are components of these networks. The causal linkages in the network consist of the regulatory interactions of each factor with its target genes. Interactions among different regulatory genes are responsible for forming specific spatial patterns of gene expression. The architecture of these regulatory interactions and how they instruct the formation of specific spatial domains is directly determined by the genomic sequence. In the sea urchin embryo, many such spatial domains are established early in development. A well-characterized gene regulatory network underlies the specification of endodermal and mesodermal regulatory domains in this embryo. We review multiple examples which reveal the causal logic underlying genomic control strategies for pattern formation during sea urchin embryogenesis.
Smart brief monitoring system for assisted living

A system for monitoring the moisture level and temperature of an adult disposable brief has been designed and tested. The system uses an inexpensive (< $0.05) disposable moisture sensor combined with a re-usable temperature sensor and a Bluetooth Low-Energy transceiver module costing less than $15. The battery lifetime using the CR2032 coin cell is greater than 3 years while sampling data at 10s intervals. This sensor data can be used for monitoring, alerting, statistical analysis, and potentially reducing the incidence of infections. The data can be monitored and processed locally or stored on a server to be analyzed remotely. The prototyped devices were tested and shown to detect as little as 10 mL of tap water when poured into the smart brief. The temperature resolution of less than 0.25° F was observed and a wireless range of 20 m indoors and 100 m outdoors was measured.
Diffusion in Carbonates, Fluorite, Sulfide Minerals, and Diamond

This chapter focuses on diffusion in non-silicate minerals that do not fall under any of the other chapter categories. This includes minerals that are not oxides (fluorite, sulfide minerals, diamond) and those, like the carbonates, that are not among the oxide minerals discussed in Chapter 17 of this volume (Van Orman and Crispin 2010). Although there are numerous minerals in these categories, limited diffusion data exist for many of them, so the primary phases that will be considered are carbonates, fluorite, diamond, and sulfide minerals. Carbonate minerals are major constituents of sediments and many sedimentary rocks. Fractionation of O and C isotopes between carbonate rocks and fluids can provide insight into paleoclimates and sedimentary histories; the behavior of the isotopes of major elements in calcite and aragonite has become of increasing interest due to the important role of CO2 and carbonate dissolution/precipitation in the oceans and the connections to global climate (e.g., Arita and Wada 1990; Chacko et al. 1991; Dickson 1991; Beck et al. 1992; Cole 1992; Graham et al 1998; Cole and Chakraborty 2001). Ca-Mg diffusion rates affect the process of dolomitization (Hardie 1987; Fisler and Cygan 1999), and characterization of diffusion of these species is important for refinements in application of the calcite-dolomite geothermometer (e.g., Essene 1982; Farver and Yund 1996) and better understanding of deformation mechanisms. For example, calcium isotopic fractionation between seawater and calcite and aragonite has been observed in marine samples (Zhu and MacDougall 1998; de la Rocha and DePaolo 2000; Schmitt et al. 2003) with possible applications as a thermometer. Ca isotopic fractionation also occurs in biologic systems, as in the growth of foraminifera (Skulan et al. 1997; Zhu and Macdougall 1998). Diffusion of major elemental species plays an important rate-limiting …
Predictions for p-Type CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskites

Approaches for doping organic–inorganic CH3NH3PbI3 halide perovskite solar cell materials are investigated by density-functional theory calculations of the extrinsic doping properties of CH3NH3PbI3. Our results reveal that p-type CH3NH3PbI3 halide perovskites can be realized by incorporation of some group IA, IB, or VIA elements such as Na, K, Rb, Cu, and O at I-rich growth conditions. We further show that n-type CH3NH3PbI3 halide perovskites are more difficult to realize due to the formation of neutral defects or compensation from intrinsic point defects. Our results suggest that nonequilibrium growth conditions and/or processes may be required to produce n-type CH3NH3PbI3 halide perovskites.
A Rapid Digestive Technique to Expose Networks of Vascular Elastic Fibers for Sem Observation

The NaOH sonication digestion technique permits rapid isolation and exposure of intact networks of elastic fibers in vascular tissue for 3-dimensional observation with the SEM. The configuration of the network of elastic fibers within the vascular wall of large elastic arteries (aorta) is generally agreed to be a flexible framework through which smooth muscle cells and collagenous fibers are interwoven. However, the configuration of elastic fiber networks in muscular arteries, medium sized veins and smaller vessels remains unknown. When the lengthy standard biochemical elastin purification techniques were applied to vessels containing lesser amounts of elastic tissue and finer elastic fibers, the vessels were completely digested. In contrast, the digestion and sonication technique isolated and exposed intact networks of delicate elastic fibers in blood vessels which do not contain large amounts of elastic tissue. Unfixed vessels were cut into short segments, placed in 0.5 N NaOH and sonicated for 20-40 mi...
Parenting stress in mothers of children with autism: A 6-month follow-up study

Objective: To explore the change with time and related factors of parenting stress in mother of children w ith autism. Methods: In this follow-up study,78 children w ith autism and their mothers( n = 78) w ere selected. At baseline,the Neuropsychological Development Examination Table for Children Aged 0- 6 Years Old,Infants-Junior M iddle School Students' Social-Life Abilities Scales,Childhood Autism Rating Scale( CARS),and Autism Behavior Checklist( ABC) w ere used to assess children' s developmental quotient( DQ),adaptive behavior,severity of autism and behavioral problem respectively. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale( SAS),Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale( CES-D),and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form( PSI-SF) w ere used to assess the mothers' anxiety,depression and parenting stress. All mothers w ere interview ed and completed PSI-SF at 3-month and 6-month after baseline. Results: The PSI-SF total scores [( 101. 9 ± 17. 9),( 99. 9 ± 17. 6) vs.( 103. 1 ± 18. 6) ] and scores of "parental distress" [( 35. 3 ± 9. 4),( 33. 7 ± 8. 5) vs.( 36. 9 ± 8. 3) ] w ere low er at 3-month and 6month than at baseline( Ps 0. 05). The scores of PSI-SF "difficult child" w as higher at 3-month than at 6-month [( 34. 6 ± 8. 1) vs.( 32. 5 ± 7. 2),P 0. 05],but w ere not different from that at baseline. Hierarchical linear model analyze show ed that the PSI-SF total scores decreased approximately 1. 19 points in every three months during the 6 months. At baseline,the scores of the Infants-Junior M iddle School Students' Social-Life Abilities Scales( β = 0. 20,P 0. 01) w as negatively correlated w ith the PSI-SF total scores,and the scores of CARS( β = 0. 92),CES-D( β = 0. 69) and SAS( β = 0. 89) w ere positively correlated w ith the PSI-SF total scores( Ps 0. 01). At 6-month, the Infants-Junior M iddle School Students' Social-Life Abilities Scales( β =- 0. 02) and SAS( β = 0. 10) w ere correlated w ith the PSI-SF total scores( Ps 0. 05). Conclusion: It suggests that the mothers of children w ith autism may have parenting stress. Poorer adaptive behavior skills in children w ith autism and more anxiety in mothers may be related to mother' s parenting stress.
Monitoring and Analysis on the Supervision Results of Foodborne Pathogens in Jingzhou in 2012

OBJECTIVE To understand the status and distribution of pathogen contamination of commercial available food in Jingzhou, and provide the basis for effective hygienic regulatory measures. METHODS According to " National manual of foodborne pathogens monitoring in 2012", 7 kinds of food were selected from city supermarkets, farmers' markets and other places to detect 9 kinds of pathogen indicators. RESULTS The foodborne pathogens were detected with an overall positive rate 14.34% from 488 samples in the research. The pathogen detected rate of local food hot-and-dry noodles was up to 52.63%, which was significantly higher than the average detected rate(P0.01). The pathogen detected rates of food and beverages, infant food, baked and fried foods, cooked meat, vegetables and their products were 24.10%, 10.42%, 5.00%, 4.17% and 1.74% individually. There were no pathogens detected in fruits and their products. Pathogen detected rate of different sampling sites had no significant difference( P 0. 05). CONCLUSION There are more serious hygienic problem in hot-and-dry noodles, food and beverage which represented salad vegetables, rice and flour products in Jingzhou. Supervision and management should be strengthen.
"Are We hurting ourselves?" What is the prevalence of back pain in anesthesia providers?

Abstract Study objective Back injuries are a highly reported category of occupational injury in the health care setting. The daily clinical activities of an anesthesia provider, including lifting, pushing stretchers, transferring patients, and bending for procedures, are risk factors for developing low back pain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of work related low back pain in anesthesia providers. Design/setting We conducted a cross-sectional survey study of anesthesia providers at an academic institution. Patients The target population included all 141 clinical anesthesia providers employed by the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Department of Anesthesia. Interventions A survey study was conducted using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), a validated scoring system for low back pain. Additional questions related to the daily activities of clinical anesthesia practice were also asked. The survey instrument underwent pretesting and clinical sensibility testing to ensure validity and consistent interpretation. Measurements The primary self-reported measures were the prevalence of low back pain in anesthesia providers and an assessment of disability based on the ODI. Secondary functional measures included the impact of low back pain on work flow. Main results Nearly half (46.6%) of respondents suffer from low back pain attributed to clinical practice. In this subset of respondents, 70.1% reported not having back pain prior to their anesthesia training. Of those with low back pain, 44% alter their work flow, and 9.8% reported missing at least one day of work. Six providers (5.3%) required surgical intervention. Using the ODI score interpretation guidelines, 46% of respondents had a "mild disability" and 2% had a "moderate disability." Respondents reporting feeling "burned out" from their job had a significantly higher average ODI score compared to those who did not (6.8 vs 3.3, respectively; P =.01). Conclusions Nearly half of all anesthesia providers sampled suffer from low back pain subjectively attributed to their clinical practice. This leads to changes in work flow and missed days of work. The results of this study suggest a deficiency in the effectiveness of anesthesia training programs in teaching proper techniques to prevent musculoskeletal injuries.
Interest management scheme and prediction model in intelligent transportation systems

This thesis focuses on two important problems related to DDDAS: interest management (data distribution) and prediction models. In order to reduce communication overhead, we propose a new interest management mechanism for mobile peer-to-peer systems. This approach involves dividing the entire space into cells and using an efficient sorting algorithm to sort the regions in each cell. A mobile landmarking scheme is introduced to implement this sort-based scheme in mobile peer-to-peer systems. The design does not require a centralized server, but rather, every peer can become a mobile landmark node to take a server-like role to sort and match the regions. Experimental results show that the scheme has better computational efficiency for both static and dynamic matching. In order to improve communication efficiency, we present a travel time prediction model based on boosting, an important machine learning technique, and combine boosting and neural network models to increase prediction accuracy. We also explore the relationship between the accuracy of travel time prediction and the frequency of traffic data collection with the long term goal of minimizing bandwidth consumption. Several different sets of experiments are used to evaluate the effectiveness of this model. The results show that the boosting neural network model outperforms other predictors.
School Hopscotch: A Comprehensive Review of K-12 Student Mobility in the United States.

This article provides an integrative review of the extant literature on K–12 student mobility in the United States. Student mobility is a widespread phenomenon with significant policy implications....
Spiking neural network (SNN) control of a flapping insect-scale robot

The flapping microrobot known as RoboBee is the first robot to demonstrate insect-scale flight, as well as the most capable flying robotic insect to date. Controlled hover, trajectory-following, and perching have been accomplished by means of onboard sensors and actuators fabricated with the robot using a “pop-up book MEMS” process based on smart composite microstructures. This paper presents a RoboBee bio-inspired controller that closes the loop between the onboard sensors and actuators by means of a leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neural network that adapts in flight using a reward-modulated Hebbian plasticity mechanism.
Leaching of cadmium and tellurium from cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-film solar panels under simulated landfill conditions

A crushed non-encapsulated CdTe thin-film solar cell was subjected to two standardized batch leaching tests (i.e., Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and California Waste Extraction Test (WET)) and to a continuous-flow column test to assess cadmium (Cd) and tellurium (Te) dissolution under conditions simulating the acidic- and the methanogenic phases of municipal solid waste landfills. Low levels of Cd and Te were solubilized in both batch leaching tests (<8.2% and <3.6% of added Cd and Te, respectively). On the other hand, over the course of 30days, 73% of the Cd and 21% of the Te were released to the synthetic leachate of a continuous-flow column simulating the acidic landfill phase. The dissolved Cd concentration was 3.24-fold higher than the TCLP limit (1mgL-1), and 650-fold higher than the maximum contaminant level established by the US-EPA for this metal in drinking water (0.005mgL-1). In contrast, the release of Cd and Te to the effluent of the continuous-flow column simulating the methanogenic phase of a landfill was negligible. The remarkable difference in the leaching behavior of CdTe in the columns is related to different aqueous pH and redox conditions promoted by the microbial communities in the columns, and is in agreement with thermodynamic predictions.
Staying after Class: Memory and Materiality beyond Heaven’s Gate; Report on the New Religious Movements Group Methods Meeting, 21 November 2014

In March 1997, Marshall Herff Applewhite (Do) and thirty-eight of his students made headlines when they exited their human bodies in a home in Rancho Santa Fe in San Diego County, California. While the class (as they called their group) is gone, the legacy of Heaven’s Gate remains on the Heaven’s Gate website preserved by Mark and Sarah King. These two former members shared their experiences in the class at the New Religious Movements Group Methods Meeting on 21 November 2014 in San Diego at the American Academy of Religion’s annual meeting. Their presentation and participation in a question-and-answer session provided insight into the complex, ambiguous legacy of Heaven’s Gate: a group that strove for existence beyond the materiality of human bodies now survives on Earth in material form, disseminated by human persons dedicated to preserving the teachings of Do, and his mentor Ti (Bonnie Lu Nettles) in a dynamic, ephemeral space—the internet.
Church attendance, allostatic load and mortality in middle aged adults

Importance Religiosity has been associated with positive health outcomes. Hypothesized pathways for this association include religious practices, such as church attendance, that result in reduced stress. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between religiosity (church attendance), allostatic load (AL) (a physiologic measure of stress) and all-cause mortality in middle-aged adults. Design, setting and participants Data for this study are from NHANES III (1988–1994). The analytic sample (n = 5449) was restricted to adult participants, who were between 40–65 years of age at the time of interview, had values for at least 9 out of 10 clinical/biologic markers used to derive AL, and had complete information on church attendance. Main outcomes and measures The primary outcomes were AL and mortality. AL was derived from values for metabolic, cardiovascular, and nutritional/inflammatory clinical/biologic markers. Mortality was derived from a probabilistic algorithm matching the NHANES III Linked Mortality File to the National Death Index through December 31, 2006, providing up to 18 years follow-up. The primary predictor variable was baseline report of church attendance over the past 12 months. Cox proportional hazard logistic regression models contained key covariates including socioeconomic status, self-rated health, co-morbid medical conditions, social support, healthy eating, physical activity, and alcohol intake. Results Churchgoers (at least once a year) comprised 64.0% of the study cohort (n = 3782). Non-churchgoers had significantly higher overall mean AL scores and higher prevalence of high-risk values for 3 of the 10 markers of AL than did churchgoers. In bivariate analyses non-churchgoers, compared to churchgoers, had higher odds of an AL score 2–3 (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.01, 1.50) or ≥4 (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.11, 1.71) compared to AL score of 0–1. More frequent churchgoers (more than once a week) had a 55% reduction of all-cause mortality risk compared with non-churchgoers. (HR 0.45, CI 0.24–0.85) in the fully adjusted model that included AL. Conclusions and relevance We found a significant association between church attendance and mortality among middle-aged adults after full adjustments. AL, a measure of stress, only partially explained differences in mortality between church and non-church attendees. These findings suggest a potential independent effect of church attendance on mortality.
ClinicalTrials.gov, stem cells and 'pay-to-participate' clinical studies

Numerous US businesses that engage in direct-to-consumer advertising of stem cell interventions that are not US FDA-approved also recruit clients by listing 'pay-to-participate' studies listed on ClinicalTrials.gov . Individuals considering enrolling in such studies and NIH officials responsible for overseeing the database need to be aware that some businesses are using the registry to promote unapproved stem cell interventions that study subjects are charged to receive. Inclusion of such studies in ClinicalTrials.gov reveals that the database needs better screening tools. In particular, screening should evaluate whether studies submitted to the registry have been reviewed and permitted to proceed by the FDA in the case of clinical studies requiring FDA clearance in addition to institutional review board approval.
Incidencia del nitrógeno en la producción de biomasa y ácidos grasos de la microalga Chlorella vulgaris en un fotobiorreactor de panel plano a escala laboratorio

Chlorella vulgaris, es un alga verde fotosintetica que puede alcanzar contenidos de lipidos superiores al 30% en su peso seco por lo que es considerada una fuente potencial de materias primas para la produccion de lipidos del tipo omega tres y seis y biodiesel. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el de establecer el perfil de acidos grasos en condiciones ambientales desfavorables estudiando la influencia del nitrogeno como estrategia para aumentar la concentracion acidos grasos en la biomasa obtenida. La investigacion fue realizada a escala laboratorio evaluando tres diferentes concentraciones 100%, 20% y 10% de la fuente de nitrogeno utilizada (NaNO3) en el medio de cultivo Bold Basal (BBM). Para esta evaluacion se construyo un sistema de produccion de biomasa, un fotobiorreactor (FBR) de panel plano. La produccion de acidos grasos monoinsaturados disminuyo en los ensayos dos y tres respectivamente mientras que el nivel en el contenido de acidos grasos saturados presento resultados similares en los tres tratamientos, contrario a lo observado con los acidos grasos polinsaturados (PUFAs). La variacion de la cantidad de biomasa obtenida en las condiciones de supresion de nitrogeno sugiere una posible alteracion metabolica, primando la acumulacion de sustancias de reserva como los lipidos, en detrimento de la division celular. Finalmente, fue posible analizar que para mantener un balance entre produccion de biomasa y acumulacion de lipidos, emplear una reduccion del 80% de la fuente de nitrogeno del medio de cultivo Bold Basal (BBM) proporciona buenos resultados, debido a que puede generar concentraciones celulares del orden de los 30.000.000Cel/mL en tan solo seis dias de cultivo y aumentando la fraccion lipidica de acidos grasos saturados y polinsaturados.
CompoSAT: Specification-Guided Coverage for Model Finding

Model-finding tools like the Alloy Analyzer produce concrete examples of how a declarative specification can be satisfied. These formal tools are useful in a wide range of domains: software design, security, networking, and more. By producing concrete examples, they assist in exploring system behavior and can help find surprising faults.
Exercise 11 – Southern Transfer

Within a complex mixture of DNA fragments, only southern transfer helps to identify the genetic sequence of interest. To extract a set of DNA fragments, digestion of the DNA samples with restriction enzymes is necessary, following which it is separated according to size by electrophoresis through an agarose gel. The main aim of the southern technique is to obtain a replica of the gel in which the original positions of the DNA fragments are still intact. This can be done primarily by shifting the DNA from the gel onto a piece of transfer medium. The transfer medium used is a piece of nitrocellulose filter paper that is approved by the original protocol of southern. For many applications, more versatile nylon membrane material has become the preferred medium. This chapter elaborates on the complete methodology that is used in southern transfer as well as agarose-gel electrophoresis. The chapter provides detailed instructions for the equipment and apparatus used and also puts emphasis on the safety procedures that need to be kept in mind while performing these experiments.
A Candidate Red Clover Pollinator Osmia Coerulescens (L.)

SummaryA leaf-cutter bee, Osmia coerulescens, was able to increase its population when solely on red clover, and so pollinate this important crop plant. Seed yields from Osmia-pollinated plants averaged 440 kg/ha. Data on the sex ratio and the average number of cells produced are given. Mortality of overwintering adults was high.
Anthropological Analysis of the Lower Extremity

Human remains in an advanced state of decomposition, fragmentation or incineration, or remains that are comingled often present challenges for coroners, pathologists, and law enforcement agencies. These agencies often turn to anthropologists for their expertise in the analysis of human remains. For a variety of reasons—including coverage with clothing and footwear, the amount of tissue, and the large size of the bones—the leg and foot are frequently preserved and recovered in even the most extreme circumstances (e.g., from a shark’s stomach) (1). The human lower extremity possesses at least 30 skeletal elements, including sesamoid bones. If these remains are analyzed thoroughly, they can be used to assess an individual’s age at death, sex, ancestry, and stature. This baseline biological information, known by physical anthropologists as the biological profile, can narrow the search for missing persons. Methods of determining the age at death are discussed elsewhere in this volume. The focus of this chapter is on the remaining three aspects of the biological profile: sex, ancestry, and stature. Some anthropologists complete the biological profile in the following order: ancestry, sex, age, and stature, whereas others prefer the order of age, sex, ancestry, and stature. In all probability, most analyses occur in an integrated manner as the experienced anthropologist examines a set of skeletal remains. In this chapter, both morphological and metric methods of analysis are addressed and problems and pitfalls associated with some of the approaches are discussed.
The Role of Cdk5 as a Cell Cycle Suppressor in Post-mitotic Neurons

Neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) leave the mitotic cycle when they leave the ventricular zone during embryonic and early postnatal development. Normally, they will never re-enter the cell cycle for the rest of the life of the organism. This rule is now known to be broken in many types of neurodegenerative disease. In these situations, nerve cells at risk for death have greatly elevated expression of cell cycle-related proteins; they have also been found to replicate their DNA. The existence of this pathway to neuronal death through the cell cycle raises the question of how a normal adult neuron suppresses cell division and places high therapeutic value on encouraging the activity of those proteins involved in the process. We have developed several lines of evidence that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is one such protein. To function as a cell cycle suppressor, Cdk5 must be located in the nucleus and it must be able to bind its cyclin-like activator, p35. Curiously, however, it does not need to retain kinase activity. Instead, its activity derives from its ability to sequester the E2F1 transcription factor and block its access to the DP1 co-factor, which greatly reduces binding to various cell cycle protein gene promoters thus inhibiting the cycle. Cdk5 stands as an excellent example of proteins whose functions are needed for the regulation of both differentiation and cell division. From this description of dual-specificity proteins, a concept is presented that the processes of division and differentiation are not so much independent as overlapping analog functions that must be balanced both during development and in the adult. The loss of balance would be expected to lead to neurodegeneration in a neuron or cancer in a less highly differentiated cell type.
On-Chip Power Supply Noise Suppression Through Hyperabrupt Junction Varactors

The increasing power density and, therefore, current consumption of high-performance integrated circuits (ICs) results in increased challenges in the design of a reliable and efficient on-chip power delivery network. In particular, meeting the stringent on-chip impedance of the IC requires circuit and system techniques to mitigate the high-frequency noise that results due to resonance between the package inductance and the on-chip capacitance. A novel circuit technique is proposed to suppress high-frequency noise through the use of a hyperabrupt junction tuning varactor diode as a decoupling capacitor (decap) for noise critical functional blocks. With the proposed circuit technique, the voltage droops and overshoots on the on-chip power distribution network are suppressed by up to 60% as compared with MIM or deep trench decaps of the same capacitance. In addition, there is no added latency to react to power supply noise, and there is no degradation to circuit performance as compared with existing techniques in commercial products and literature.
Creativity: a challenge for contemporary education

In this essay, I comment on the objective of cultivating creativity in general and in schools in particular. I start by tracing the historical origin of this objective, then discuss a select set of...
Screening Using the SDQ Total Difficulties Scale: An Analog Test of Three Cutoff Values

This brief report presents an analog test of the relative classification validity of three cutoff values (CVs; 16, 18, and 20) derived from responses to the self-report version of the Strengths and...
Leading Change: How Alaska Airlines Took Over an Industry Darling

Alaska Airlines (Alaska) acquired the small but sleek and much beloved Virgin America (Virgin) at the end of 2016. Alaska's executives had to set a strategy to take all the good in Virgin, integrate it into the larger company, and present the unified commercial carrier in a digestible way to its customers and affected employees. But taking over Virgin's fleet and operations without keeping its brand meant Alaska was going to feel blowback from the many Virgin fans in the Pacific Northwest and beyond when it subsumed its competitor.Systems guru Sandy Stelling and her leadership team—a carefully selected group of seven subject-matter experts, most of them women—were tasked with guiding Alaska through the trickiest part of the integration process: turning off the lights on Virgin's passenger service system (PSS) and merging all the data into Alaska's PSS. When the dust settled on the PSS integration, customers would no longer see any trace of Virgin's brand online, in airports, or when contacting call centers. The PSS integration was the highest-risk portion of the merger. Communicating exactly what Alaska planned to do and how—both to its customers and internal stakeholders—was critical. To make matters worse, executives were asking Stelling and her team to perform the integration faster than any airline had ever done it.If the company didn't perform the PSS integration flawlessly, Alaska risked wasting considerable time responding to bad press, infighting, and fixing mistakes. How would Stelling and her team make sure they did their job right? Excerpt UVA-BC-0268 Rev. Feb. 25, 2019 Leading Change: How Alaska Airlines Took Over an Industry Darling Sandy Stelling and her team sat together at Alaska Airlines (Alaska) headquarters in Seattle, plotting to eliminate a product customers loved. The airline had acquired the small but sleek and much beloved Virgin America (Virgin), closing the deal at the end of 2016. And Alaska planned to take over the smaller firm's fleet and operations without keeping its brand. Alaska was going to feel blowback from the many Virgin lovers in the Pacific Northwest and beyond when it subsumed its competitor. Alaska's executives had to set a strategy to take all the good in Virgin, integrate it into the larger company, and present the new unified commercial carrier in a digestible way to its customers and affected employees. . . .
Developing a novel haptic device for non-rigid computer graphic objects utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles

In this paper, we propose a novel haptic device consisting of a Parrot quadcopter AR Drone 2.0 that delivers force-feedback to users when they press on the surface of the drone in the vertical direction. This drone haptic device will free users from any cumbersome devices which were utilized in previous haptics systems and allow them to sense kinesthetic feedback coming from the drone which in turn renders computer graphic objects, for example, a virtual box. Specifically, this system performs damped harmonic oscillation force motion on users’ hands and fingers. The oscillation function is implemented on the drone whenever users nudge the drone down. Overall, we evaluated the system with ten subjects, and results show the effectiveness of using damping oscillation motion to provide force-feedback delivered from the drone.
A Call to Action to Address Disparities in Pediatric Mental Health Care.

In this issue of Pediatrics , McEnany et al1 performed a meta-analysis to better understand pediatric mental health boarding in emergency departments and patient and hospital characteristics that increase the likelihood of boarding. Visits to pediatric emergency departments for mental health–related complaints have steadily increased over the past decade,2,3 resulting in significant delays in care for patients, increased resource use in emergency departments, and significant inpatient costs. McEnany et al1 highlight the need for additional research, particularly on the national level and in rural and general hospital settings, to inform policy decisions to help address this problem. A better understanding of the mental health resources available nationally in both rural and urban centers is essential. This includes patient access to hospital-based psychiatric resources, inpatient … Address correspondence to Nicolaus W. Glomb, MD, MPH, University of California, 550 16th St #5153, Box 0632, San Francisco, CA 94143. E-mail: nicolaus.glomb{at}ucsf.edu
Seeing Cuba: Tomás Gutiérrez Alea’s Memories of Underdevelopment

Este ensayo reconsidera los Recuerdos del subdesarrollo de Tomas Gutierrez Alea, no solo a la luz de la carrera de su director y la novela fuente de la cual se adapto la imagen (Recuerdos inconsolables de Edmundo Desnoes), sino tambien a la luz de lo historico, social, politico y cultural contexto que produjo esta pelicula cubana.
Anomaly Detection, Localization and Classification Using Drifting Synchrophasor Data Streams

With ongoing automation and digitization of the electric power system, several Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) have been deployed for monitoring and control. PMU data can have multiple anomalies, and many of the researchers in the past have concentrated on training machine/deep learning algorithms offline for anomaly detection over PMU data (i.e., not in real-time). These machine/deep learning algorithms, when trained offline on a sample rather than a population of the dataset, fail to consider the dynamic behavior of the power grid in real-time, resulting in low accuracy. Considering the dynamic behavior of the power grid (e.g., change in load, generation, distributed energy resources (DERs) switching, network, controls), the definition of data anomalies varies in time and requires online training. A fundamental challenge is to enable online (i.e., real-time) training of machine/deep learning algorithms for anomaly detection over streaming PMU data. While machine/deep learning is often desirable to manage data streams, training a deep learning algorithm over streaming PMU data is nontrivial due to changes in data statistics caused by dynamic streaming data. This article proposes PMUNET: a novel device-level deep learning-based data-driven approach for anomaly detection, localization, and classification over streaming PMU data, using online learning and multivariate data-drift detection algorithm. Two variants of PMUNET, Dynamic data Change Driven Learning (DCDL) and Continuity Driven Learning (CDL), are proposed and compared. DCDL aims to train the deep learning algorithm whenever the definition of anomaly changes due to the power grid dynamics. On the other hand, CDL continuously trains the deep learning algorithm over the PMU data-stream. The experimental results verify that DCDL outperforms CDL and other efficient anomaly detection methods over multiple events such as faults and load/ generator/capacitor/DERs variations/switching for IEEE 14 and 39 Bus test system as well as real PMU industrial data. The result verifies that DCDL variant of PMUNET improves over existing approach with a gain of 2% – 10% in terms of accuracy, false-positive rate, and false-negative rate.
Analyst Optimism and Buy-Side Institutions: Evidence from Analyst Transition from Sell-Side to Buy-Side

Sell-side analysts commonly transition to buy-side money managers. I examine whether these career transitions compromise sell-side research, relying on granular career information of 6,310 analysts. I find that these analysts issue recommendations that favor their future buy-side employers during the year immediately before the transition. This favoritism is more pronounced among stocks where a single analyst is more impactful and is present only among transitions likely to be strategically planned. Additional analyses using target price forecasts reveal that these optimistic forecasts are less accurate. The findings suggest that these career transitions are a new source of conflicts of interest.