cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression and hormonal regulation of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor scavenger receptor class B type I messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary.

Since cholesterol delivery to the ovary is an essential regulated step in steroidogenesis, mRNA levels for the Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I (SR-BI), a putative high-density lipoprotein receptor (HDL-R), were examined in response to tropic hormones and the luteolytic agent prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). For this, the rat SR-BI cDNA was isolated and cloned. The results of this investigation revealed that a single SR-BI mRNA transcript of 2.4 kb was highly expressed in the rat adrenal, ovary, and testis. The SR-BI transcript was increased (twofold) in the immature rat ovary following pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) administration and in the ovary, 8 d after ovulation, in response to stimulation by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In the ovary 8 d following ovulation, basal ovarian SR-BI mRNA levels were elevated up to sixfold relative to the preovulatory SR-BI mRNA levels. Even with the enhanced basal level of SR-BI mRNA within the ovary, hCG administration still resulted in a 2.5- (p<0.025) and sevenfold (p<0.01) increase in the 2.4-kb transcript, 3 and 6 h postinjection, respectively. This increase corresponded to a 58% increase in serum progesterone. In contrast, when PGF2α was administered, SR-BI mRNA levels were significantly reduced (3.5-fold; p<0.01) in concert with a fourfold reduction (p<0.001) in serum progesterone secretion. Furthermore, PGF2α blocked the hCG-induced increase in SR-BI mRNA levels when administered 30 min prior to hCG injection. The results of this study demonstrate that SR-BI mRNA levels are dramatically increased following exposure to gonadotropins in the ovary, whereas PGF2α exposure significantly reduced SR-BI mRNA levels.
Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy of human whole blood and serum

Optical methods of monitoring blood analytes are attractive to the medical community as alternatives to traditional chemical assays. However, the calibration process is complicated by many factors, such as overlapping spectral bands from different analytes, background noise, and interpatient variability, making the choice of measurement technique crucial. In our studies, we use near-IR Raman spectroscopy in order combine the advantages of deep penetration depths and sharp, distinct peaks. Our system consists of an 830 nm diode laser, fiber-based light delivery and collection, an f/1.8 holographic spectrograph, and a liquid nitrogen-cooled CCD detector. Blood samples from a nearby hospital are placed in cuvettes and stirred throughout the measurements to reduce heating effects. Partial least squares calibration is performed using the Raman spectra and the reference analyte concentrations from the hospital. Prediction uncertainties are calculated by cross-validation using the leave-one-out method. Using scans of fifteen minutes, we are able to extract the concentration of total protein and other analytes form serum samples with clinically acceptable levels of uncertainty. Whole blood studies are currently underway.
Milton’s book of numbers: Book 1 ofParadise Lost and its catalogue

The various elements of book 1 ofParadise Lost—the action that leads to the building of Pandaemonium, the geography of Hell that combines reminiscences of Biblical Sodom and Egypt together with Virgil’s Carthage and Rome, the content and sequence of the similes—are organized around and symbolically unified by the catalogue of the leading devils from verses 376 to 521. Milton pointedly reverses the order of action in book 2 in theIliad so that his catalogue precedes the calling of a council of war: it is a joke at the expense of the devils who, raised into military muster, now proceed only to talk, signaling that the epic to follow will feature a war of words and Odyssean fraud rather than a military conflict. In Pandaemonium the devils build an infernal version of the Jerusalem temple that their chiefs listed in the catalogue will later infiltrate; Milton registers his distrust of all institutionalized and localized religion. The book insistently comments upon its own act of poetic creation: the catalogue at the center both confers individual names on its devils and reduces them to nameless numbers just as the similes cut them down to size; Milton’s fiction both gives and denies to the devils an identity as it meditates upon the relationship of its own poetry to idolatry.
Clinical and serologic study of Sjögren's syndrome in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis.

Fifty-eight patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) were evaluated clinically and by biopsy of the minor salivary glands of the lips for the presence of Sjogren's syndrome. Clinical findings included dry eyes in 38%, dry mouth in 32%, parotid enlargement in 4%, and an abnormal Schirmer's test in 34%. Histologic changes in lip biopsies included lymphocytic infiltrates characteristic of Sjogren's syndrome in 17 individuals (29%). In 19 (33%) there was periglandular and intraglandular fibrosis (PSS-fibrosis) without significant inflammation, an alteration characteristic of PSS per se. In the remaining 22 patients (38%) with PSS, no abnormality was found. Of those with PSS and Sjogren's syndrome, 53% had serum antibodies to SS-A and/or SS-B, while only 1 patient with a normal biopsy had either of these antibodies. Anti-SS-A and anti-SS-B were not detected in patients with glandular fibrosis alone. The mortality rate of the PSS-fibrosis group was higher due to a variety of severe internal manifestations related to PSS. Antibodies to SS-A and SS-B are useful serologic markers of the presence of Sjogren's syndrome in patients with PSS.
Treatment of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with liver transplantation

Ten patients received liver transplants for unresectable epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE). At the time of transplantation, four patients had microscopic metastases to the hilar lymph nodes, and one of the four also had metastases to a rib. The fifth patient had metastases to the lung, pleura, and diaphragm. The remaining five patients were believed to be free of metastatic disease. Two of these five patients died of metastatic disease at 3 and 16 months, respectively, after transplantation. Interestingly, all five patients with metastatic involvement are currently alive 40.6 +/- 22 months (mean +/- standard error of mean [SEM]) after transplantation, although one of these patients currently has metastatic disease to the lungs and mediastinum. Thus, the projected 5-year actuarial survival rate is 76%, with two patients at risk after the third year. In conclusion, liver transplantation is a reasonable procedure for bulky, otherwise unresectable, EHE even in the presence of metastatic disease.
Chemical synthesis of 1-O-(D)- and 3-O-(L)-glyceryl monoethers, diethers and derivatives: Glycerides, monoester phospholipids and diether phospholipids

Abstract 1. 1. A convenient route to the synthesis of 1- O -glyceryl ether from 3- O -glyceryl ether is reported. This technique, which is based on the procedure of Lands and Zschocke 35 for conversion of 3- O -benzylglycerol to 1- O -benzylglycerol, utilized either 3- O -hexadecylglycerol or 3- O -octadecylglycerol as the starting material. The ether was converted to its ditosylate and this latter group was displaced with freshly fused potassium acetate in anhydrous ethanol. Alkaline hydrolysis yielded the desired 1- O -alkyl glycerol, with an equal but opposite optical rotation to the starting material, in good yields. 2. 2. 1- O - cis -9'-Octadecenyl-2- O -octadecanoylglycerol (2-stearoyl selachyl al-cohol) was synthesized by borate replacement of 1- O - cis -9'-octadecenyl-2- O -octade-canoyl-3- O -tritylglycerol in triethyl borate and boric acid, followed by column chromatography on neutral silicic acid. Catalytic amounts of HClO 4 isomerizes 2-stearoyl selachyl alcohol completely to its positional isomer 3-stearoyl selachyl alcohol. Acylation of 1- O -cis-9'-octadecenylglycerol in the presence of up to 2 M excess of acyl chloride, was found to occur preferentially at the primary hydroxyl group forming 3-stearoyl selachyl alcohol and the diacyl derivatives (dipalmitoyl, dioleoyl and distearoyl selachyl alcohol) formed in good yield only when a 4–6 M excess of acyl chloride was used. The properties of the synthetic diacyl-glyceryl derivatives correlated closely with the natural diacyl-glyceryl monoether isolated from dog fish liver oil. 3. 3. 1,2-Di- O - cis -9'-octadecenylglycerol which was synthesized by acid hydrolysis of its trityl derivative was converted to the corresponding phosphorylethanolamine and phosphorylcholine derivatives; 2- and 3-stearoyl selachyl alcohol were converted to their phosphoryl ethanolamine and phosphorylcholine derivatives. The physical properties of the monoethers, monoacyl monoethers, diethers and their corresponding phospholipids are tabulated and discussed. Comparable results in properties between the synthetic 1- O - cis -9'-octadecenyl-2- O -octadecanoyl-3-glycerophosphorylethanolamine and the natural monoether monoacyl glycerophosphorylethanolamine isolated from bovine erythrocytes were found.
Intraepithelial neutrophils in thyroid fine-needle aspiration: A portent of aggressive thyroid cancer?

We report three patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma in whom fine-needle aspiration (FNA) showed neutrophils within tumor cells. All three patients presented with large neck masses; at excision, two proved to be tall cell variants of papillary cancer. Nodal metastasis, extrathyroidal extension, and vascular invasion were found in both cases. One patient has experienced recurrent disease; the other has an increasing thyroglobulin titer but no clinically appreciable recurrence. The third patient refused further therapy, but brain metastases were noted clinically; this patient died of disease. In each case, FNA showed tumor clusters with characteristic nuclear features, papillary groups, and psammoma bodies. Neutrophils were present in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in the absence of necrosis. Immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), MIB-1 (Ki-67), and p53 tumor suppressor gene product was markedly positive. Intraepithelial neutrophils have not been previously reported in differentiated thyroid tumors. We postulate that these neoplasms produce specific leukocyte-attracting cytokines analogous to those produced by anaplastic and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas. We believe the finding of intraepithelial leukocytes in the absence of necrosis in thyroid FNA specimens represents a characteristic of clinically aggressive differentiated papillary neoplasms; in our small series, each represented a tall cell variant of papillary carcinoma.
What's Burmese about Burmese rap? Why some expressive forms go global

Although older Burmese associate contemporary Burmese rap with an indigenous call-and-response genre, younger Burmese rap fans link it only to international models. The content of Burmese raps strikes an outsider as tame, but rap in Burma resembles foreign prototypes closely in its preoccupation with youthful masculine power. In Burma and elsewhere, rap's lyrical contents reflect a libertarian ideology in keeping with its emphasis on the autonomy of individuals and widespread anxieties of and about young males, in particular—this despite many commentators’ wish to see in rap an empowering political voice. [rap music, Burma, masculinity, globalization, resistance]
The Unconsciously Constructed Virtual Other

Neuroscience has confirmed Freud's assertion of the primacy of unconscious process in relation to conscious experience. However, unconscious process, for many neuroscientists, is viewed as something that is devoid of meaning. This paper suggests that there are different levels of unconscious process. This conceptualization of unconscious process may help to reconcile the psychoanalytic assumption of a meaningful unconscious with the conception that unconscious process is a meaningless code, a belief held by most neuroscientists. To effect this reconciliation we must return to Freud's earlier theory of unconscious process as described in his Interpretation of Dreams. A dream-like unconscious process, employing metaphor, unconsciously organizes our affective experiences while we are awake.
Distribution of carotid sinus nerve afferent fibers to solitary tract nuclei of the cat using transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase

Summary The distribution of carotid sinus nerve (CSN) afferent fibers to the solitary tract and its various nuclei has been determined using transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The ipsilateral solitary tract was labeled and, in addition, the heaviest labeling was seen dorsomedial within the medial solitary nucleus, as well as just lateral to the tractus solitarius in the lateral solitary nucleus. Bilateral labeling was present caudal to the obex in both the medial and commissural nuclei. The paucity of reaction product within the ventrolateral solitary nucleus supports previous neurophysiological studies suggesting carotid chem oreceptors do not make monosynaptic contacts with respiratory neurons within that nucleus.
Helping People is a Democratic Process

Editor's Note Deciding when to assist and when to stand back so that individuals may follow their own desires has been a source of much public debate in the last few years with respect to health behaviors, social structures, and also political beliefs. The following short essay, published in the July 1948 issue of the first Public Health Nursing, illustrates, first, that from flawed logic we derive flawed conclusions, but also maybe a modicum of truth. Secondly, it aptly highlights the conundrum of "incentives" and the disillusionment of well-meaning "givers" when the recipients do not view our "gifts" through the same lens. We do not subscribe to the views of Ms. King, but rather raise the following questions for your consideration, "When we give, how much are we meeting our own needs rather than the needs of others?""Can a society be empathic without losing its own sense of identity?" Things to ponder in this holiday season ...
The Role of Voice in Retention of IT Workers: Paving the Higher Road

When dissatisfied, an employee has two discreet options: exit or voice [19]. While exit is defined as leaving the organization, voice represents an effort to gain correction of the dissatisfying situation. As managers, we want our valued IT professionals to communicate their dissatisfaction and give us an opportunity to correct the situation, rather than move directly to exit. To increase the likelihood of this, we need to better understand factors that influence an employee's decision to voice. Preliminary results from a field survey of 112 professionals indicate that a proactive personality and perceived psychological safety of voice contribute to a propensity to voice, while psychological futility of voice contributes to turnover intention. Managerial openness was associated with higher psychological safety of voice and with lower perceptions of psychological futility of voice.
Fabrication of epitaxial Cu3Ge on sapphire with controlled crystallinity and planar defects

Abstract In this paper, we report the growth of epitaxial Cu 3 Ge thin films on c-plane sapphire substrate through domain matching epitaxy. Systematic study on the crystallinity of Cu 3 Ge thin films is carried out to correlate epitaxial characteristics with substrate lattice misfit. The crystallinity and epitaxy of the as-grown Cu 3 Ge thin films are improved considerably by controlling the parameters of pulsed laser deposition. The epitaxial characteristics and formation of twins in Cu 3 Ge are investigated and a mechanism of twin formation in Cu 3 Ge e 1 -phase is discussed. The present study proves that the crystallinity and defect structure of Cu 3 Ge thin film can be controlled by adjusting the deposition parameters. It serves as a fundamental research for future applications of epitaxial Cu 3 Ge as metallization material in semiconductor industry.
Mind, memory and history: How classifications are shaped by and through time, and some consequences

Understanding the history of systematics bears on contemporary issues such as the distinction between classifications and systems, the belief that ‘natural’ classifications reflect the progressive refinement of our ideas of relationships, and the dubious reputation acquired by systematics. Here I emphasize the extent to which ‘mind’ shapes classifications. I show that groups in biological classifications often have six or fewer members, in line with the number of things that humans can conveniently memorize together. Concerns about memorization are evident in the work of systematists like Tournefort, Linnaeus, and Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu, and the whole hierarchy of George Bentham's and J. D. Hooker's great Genera plantarum is structured by such concerns. An analytical element in Jussieu's work was emphasized by Cuvier and others, and the hierarchy of their classifications reflects more directly aspects of nature as they understood it, although concerns about memorisation remain evident. Linking an understanding of what classifications can represent to the ideas the makers of classifications had about nature makes it clear that classifications are rarely rigid class hierarchies, but are often more like systems. Historically, the synthetic approach, discussed here, tends to lead to systems, the analytical approach, to ‘classifications’. We must remember that systematists’ work is evaluated by other scientists, and by society at large. The confusion evident in systematics simply confirmed the negative perceptions that many people in the nineteenth century had of naturalists, botanists and zoologists, perceptions that persist today. Zoologica Scripta itself, and the Journal of Natural History, which under this title is about the same age, reflect part of this history. I conclude by emphasizing (1) if systems or classifications in the nineteenth century reflect ‘nature’, it is a nature very different from that we understand today, and (2) the extent and the persistence of the opposition between the synthetic and anaytical approaches.
A Single Amino Acid Difference between Human and Monkey Interleukin (IL)-1β Dictates Effective Binding to Soluble Type II IL-1 Receptor

Soluble type II interleukin (IL)-1 receptor (sIL1R-II) binds human IL-1β with high affinity and neutralizes its activity. Recombinant sIL1R-II is considered a potentially useful anti-IL-1 therapeutic, and preclinical studies have been undertaken with this molecule in primates. To better understand the cytokine-receptor interactions occurring in this nonhuman context, monkey IL-1 and IL1R-II were cloned, and their binding abilities were examined in vitro. IL-1β from cynomolgus monkey was capable of binding and activating the human type I IL-1 receptor. However, unlike human IL-1β, it was unable to effectively bind and become neutralized by sIL1R-II. Human and cynomolgus IL-1β proteins are 96% identical, differing by only six amino acids. Structural and mutational analysis revealed that the unique sIL1R-II binding ability of human IL-1β is due to a single amino acid difference compared with monkey IL-1β.
Endothelial cell cytosolic free calcium regulates neutrophil migration across monolayers of endothelial cells

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) traverse an endothelial cell (EC) barrier by crawling between neighboring EC. Whether EC regulate the integrity of their intercellular adhesive and junctional contacts in response to chemotaxing PMN is unresolved. EC respond to the binding of soluble mediators such as histamine by increasing their cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca++]i) (Rotrosen, D., and J.I. Gallin. 1986. J. Cell Biol. 103:2379-2387) and undergoing shape changes (Majno, G., S. M. Shea, and M. Leventhal. 1969. J. Cell Biol. 42:617-672). Substances such as leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and thrombin, which increased the permeability of EC monolayers to ions, as measured by the electrical resistance of the monolayers, transiently increased EC [Ca++]i. To determine whether chemotaxing PMN cause similar changes in EC [Ca++]i, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) maintained as monolayers were loaded with fura-2. [Ca++]i was measured in single EC during PMN adhesion to and migration across these monolayers. PMN-EC adhesion and transendothelial PMN migration in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) as well as to interleukin 1 (IL-1) treated EC induced a transient increase in EC [Ca++]i which temporally corresponded with the time course of PMN-EC interactions. When EC [Ca++]i was clamped at resting levels with a cell permeant calcium buffer, PMN migration across EC monolayers and PMN induced changes in EC monolayer permeability were inhibited. However, clamping of EC [Ca++]i did not inhibit PMN-EC adhesion. These studies provide evidence that EC respond to stimulated PMN by increasing their [Ca++]i and that this increase in [Ca++]i causes an increase in EC monolayer permeability. Such [Ca++]i increases are required for PMN transit across an EC barrier. We suggest EC [Ca++]i regulates transendothelial migration of PMN by participating in a signal cascade which stimulates EC to open their intercellular junctions to allow transendothelial passage of leukocytes.
SEMEN ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS OPERATED ON FOR IMPALPABLE TESTES

Semen analysis was performed on 48 men who had undergone orchiopexy, 40 for unilateral impalpable testes and 8 for bilateral impalpable testes. Patients with unilateral impalpable testes had varying sperm analysis; 18 (86%) of the 23 patients with unilateral impalpable canalicular testes had normal sperm analysis. All patients with bilateral impalpable testes were azoospermic. The subsequent quality of the semen is dependent upon the original anatomical positions of the undescended testes.
Physical Principles of the Displacement Cardiograph Including a New Device Sensitive to Variations in Torso Resistivity

The displacement cardiograph (DCG) is a noncontacting device which senses displacements associated with the cardiac cycle through a high-frequency electromagnetic field interaction between a sensing coil and the thorax. The coil is located in the tuning circuit of an oscillator, and perturbations in the oscillation frequency, i.e., frequency quency modulation (FM), resulting from tissue displacements are monitored. The device, originally described by Vas, is similar to earlier devices reported by others. Separation of capacitive and inductive effects with a capacitive shield indicates that the principal interaction is through capacitance, rather than inductance. Experimental and theoretical results suggest that the DCG is relatively insensitive to internal movements as compared to displacements of the precordium. A new technique for monitoring cardiac activity is reported which utilizes the amplitude modulation (AM) of the oscillator. With capacitive shielding, we have successfully recorded waveforms which result from the inductively coupled, reflected resistance in the coil. This AM device does respond significantly to internal movements.
Psychological states, serum markers and survival: associations and predictors of survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma

This study sought to determine if there was an association between prognostic-based serum biomarkers, survival, and psychosocial factors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Associations were found between psychosocial factors and biomarker levels (hemoglobin with depressive symptoms (r = -0.29), positive affect (r = 0.30), social support (r = 0.19), and perceived stress (r = -0.27); albumin with depressive symptoms (r = -0.19), positive affect (r = 0.22), and social support (r = 0.20); alkaline phosphatase with depressive symptoms (r = 0.21), all p values <0.05. After adjustment for disease-related risk factors, only the associations between positive affect and perceived stress with hemoglobin remained significant (p's < 0.05). Positive affect (HR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.83, 0.97; p = 0.009) and depressive symptom total scores (HR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.06; p = 0.013), and alkaline phosphatase (HR 2.72; 95% CI = 1.41, 5.24; p = 0.003) were associated with survival. This study suggests that measures of positive and negative psychological outlook may contribute differently to health, well-being, and survival.
Detection of x-ray transition radiation with multiwire proportional chambers

Abstract The X-ray component of the transition radiation generated by the traversal of high energy electrons through various radiators has been studied with multiwire proportional chambers in the electron beam of the Cornell 10 GeV Synchrotron. Radiators used include stacks of thin aluminium foils, stacks of thin sheets of Mylar and blocks of styrofoam. A chamber-radiator sandwich configuration (primarily to optimize the capture of low energy transition X-rays) is used. Results on the spectrum of the detected X-ray transition radiation in the presence of electron ionization are presented. The design of a detector for detection and identification of ultrarelativistic charged particles is discussed.
Comparisons between hyperspectral passive and multispectral active sensor measurements

We conducted experiments with side-by-side active and passive sensors in the 8-12 micron region in order to study similarities and differences in the spectral signatures detected by the two sensors. The active instrument was a frequency-agile CO2 lidar system operating on 44 wavelengths and at a total pulse repetition rate of 5 kHz. The passive system was an Aerospace Corp. dispersive imaging spectrometer with 128 spectral channels from 750-1250 cm-l. The sensors viewed both natural scenes and man-made objects typical of industrial scenes at ranges of 1-3 km along horizontal paths. Scenes were viewed under various ambient conditions in order to evaluate the effects of radiance contrast for the passive images at different times of a day. Both imaging and 'staring' experiments were conducted on the background scenes with a significant level of 'clutter'. Preliminary analysis shows that reflectance data (from an active sensor) does not necessarily have a simple relationship to passive data, which is influenced by ground emissivity, atmospheric radiance, and temperature differences.
Trace and minor elements in four commercial honey brands

Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to measure the concentrations of 24 elements in four honey brands commercially available in Austin, Texas (USA). The measured elements (and concentration) were: As, (<30 ng/g); Ba, (<2 μg/g); Br, (0.24–0.49 μg/g); Ce, (<20 ng/g); Co, (9–180 ng/g); Cr, (37–64 ng/g); Cs, (<3–45 ng/g); Fe, (<4–15.9 μg/g); Hf, (<3 ng/g); Hg, (1 ng/g); K, (91–230 μg/g); La, (<4 ng/g); Na, (20.3–25.3 μg/g); Ni, (0.39–0.77 μg/g); Rb, (68–340 ng/g); Sb, (13–61 ng/g); Sc, (<0.3–200 ng/g); Se, (<20 ng/g); Sm, (<9 ng/g); Sr, (<2 ng/g); Th, (<4 ng/g); U, (<30 ng/g); Zn, (3.36–4.61 μg/g); and Zr, (<0.5–0.84 μg/g). The results obtained were compared to the concentration of the same elements in honey produced or commercially available in Turkey, Mexico, El-Salvador, China, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.
Positive Effects of Nonnative Invasive Phragmites australis on Larval Bullfrogs

Background Nonnative Phragmites australis (common reed) is one of the most intensively researched and managed invasive plant species in the United States, yet as with many invasive species, our ability to predict, control or understand the consequences of invasions is limited. Rapid spread of dense Phragmites monocultures has prompted efforts to limit its expansion and remove existing stands. Motivation for large-scale Phragmites eradication programs includes purported negative impacts on native wildlife, a view based primarily on observational results. We took an experimental approach to test this assumption, estimating the effects of nonnative Phragmites australis on a native amphibian.
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of a 21-kbp Region of the Genome of Human Herpesvirus-6 Containing Homologues of Human Cytomegalovirus Major Immediate-Early and Replication Genes

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is a CD4+ T-lymphotropic herpesvirus that is a member of the betaherpesvirus subgroup. This laboratory has reported previously the results of large-scale sequence analyses of the HHV-6 genome and has identified putative immediate-early (IE) regulatory genes and associated transactivation functions. In this report I present the sequence analysis of a 21-kbp region of the genome of HHV-6 strain U1102 that is contiguous with the proximal region of the putative major IE (MIE) locus. Within this region (genomic positions 109-130 kbp) is a homologue of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) IE2 MIE gene (UL122), in addition to genes encoding probable virus DNA replication functions. The latter include components of the helicase-primase complex, corresponding to HCMV UL102 and UL105 gene products, and a homologue of the origin binding protein conserved among the alphaherpesviruses. Several genes unique to HHV-6 also have been identified within the sequenced locus. These findings will contribute to efforts to identify and functionally characterize the complete repertoire of HHV-6 transcriptional regulatory genes and will provide a basis for the further analysis of the molecular biology of this betaherpesvirus.
Expanded Normative Data: Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test

A comparison study was conducted in which 372 subjects, ages 3 through 10 years, were tested by using the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test. The purpose of the study was to determine the generalizability of the original normative data for the test by using a larger sample and an expanding age range of subjects. A comparison of these data from the comparison study with the original normative data showed close agreement. No significant differences in vestibular responsivity were obtained for age, sex, or interaction. Test-retest reliability was comparable to that found for the original normative group. The results of the comparison study were consistent with the original normative data and suggest that they may be applied to subjects from 3 through 10 years of age.
Management of facial erythema of rosacea: What is the role of topical α-adrenergic receptor agonist therapy?

Several more recent advances have led to a better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in rosacea and therapeutic modalities used for treatment. Although the clinical features may vary among patients, there are some unifying mechanisms that appear to relate to the more common presentations of rosacea. Both neurovascular dysregulation and augmented immune detection and response appear to play central roles that lead to many of the signs and symptoms of rosacea. Diffuse central facial erythema is a very common finding that intensifies during flares and persists to varying degrees between flares. This background of facial redness occurs secondary to vasodilation and fixed vascular changes that develop over time. Physical modalities are commonly used to treat the erythema that persists as a result of fixed changes in superficial cutaneous vasculature that do not remit after treatment with agents whose mechanisms are active primarily against some of the inflammatory processes operative in rosacea (ie metronidazole, azelaic acid, tetracyclines). As enlarged superficial cutaneous vessels that contribute to the fixed background facial redness of rosacea remain vasoactive to sympathetic nervous system innervation, topical α-adrenergic receptor agonists, namely brimonidine and oxymetazoline, are currently under evaluation for the treatment of facial erythema of rosacea. This article focuses on the clinical differentiation of facial erythema of rosacea and its management.
Incentives for Carbon Sequestration Using Forest Management

This research uses an econometric model to analyze the factors affecting non-industrial private forest landowners’ choice of intermediate forest management practices, and to examine how these choices might change in response to incentives for carbon sequestration. We also use parameter estimates to simulate the carbon sequestration potential for different combinations of management practices, and compare the effectiveness and costs of carbon sequestration-based and practice-based incentive payment schemes. Our results suggest that incentive payments increase the probability that desirable combinations of management practices are adopted. Simulation results indicate that incentives targeting fertilization yield the highest carbon sequestration potential, and that a carbon-based payment scheme produces higher carbon sequestration than a practice-based payments scheme.
Complex variable methods for shape sensitivity of finite element models

Shape sensitivity analysis of finite element models is useful for structural optimization and design modifications. Complex variable methods for shape sensitivity analysis have some potential advantages over other methods. In particular, for first order sensitivities using the complex Taylor series expansion method (CTSE), the implementation is straightforward, only requiring a perturbation of the finite element mesh along the imaginary axis. That is, the real valued coordinates of the mesh are unaltered and no other modifications to the software are required. Fourier differentiation (FD) provides higher order sensitivities by conducting an FFT analysis of multiple complex variable analyses around a sampling radius in the complex plane. Implementation of complex variable sensitivity methods requires complex variable finite element software such that complex nodal coordinates can be used to implement a perturbation in the shape of interest in the complex domain. All resulting finite element outputs such as displacements, strains and stresses become complex and accurate derivatives of all finite element outputs with respect to the shape parameter of interest are available. The methodologies are demonstrated using two-dimensional finite element models of linear elasticity problems with known analytical solutions. It is found that the error in the sensitivities is primarily defined by the error in the finite element solution not the error in the sensitivity method. Hence, more accurate sensitivities can be obtained through mesh refinement.
An Interview with Kindergarten Teacher Edna Loveday

(1990). An Interview with Kindergarten Teacher Edna Loveday. Childhood Education: Vol. 66, Teachers' Voices: Celebrating Experience, pp. 288-290.
The Relative Endurance of Attitudes, Confidence, and Attitude-Behavior Consistency: The Role of Information Source and Delay

This article integrates attitude and memory perspectives by examining how brand attitudes and attitude confidence decline over time. A review of the literature identifies 2 independent variables that may cause a decline in attitudes: (a) source of information (exposure to advertising or product trial) and (b) time of measurement (immediate or 1-week delay). Hypotheses are developed that (a) attitude confidence will decline over time for participants exposed to advertising but not trial, (b) brand attitudes will decline over time for trial-based attitudes but not those based on advertising, (c) a consequence of confidence decline is lowered attitude-behavior consistency, and (d) reactivating attitudes will prevent declines in attitude and attitude confidence. Results generally confirm the hypotheses but also reveal some interesting and unexpected findings. Implications for current attitude and advertising models and future consumer research are discussed.
The radiographic detection and diagnosis of colon tumors

More than 110,000 new cases of cancer of the colon will occur in this country this year, 'and more than half the victims will die of their disease. The potential for a high cure rate (75% to 80%), if discovered early, makes it imperative that a diagnosis be achieved at a time when the disease is still curable. Unlike pancreatic carcinoma which has a persistently poor prognosis despite efforts spent in attempting earlier diagnosis, colon cancer can and should be discovered at a time when survival of a vast majority of patients is a realistic possibility.
Targeting the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway: Physiological Feedback and Drug Response

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation is a frequent event in human cancer and is often the result of activating mutations in the BRAF and RAS oncogenes. Targeted inhibitors of BRAF and its downstream effectors are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development. These agents offer the possibility of greater efficacy and less toxicity than current therapies for tumors driven by oncogenic mutations in the MAPK pathway. Early clinical results with the BRAF-selective inhibitor PLX4032 suggest that this strategy will prove successful in a select group of patients whose tumors are driven by V600E BRAF. Relief of physiologic feedback upon pathway inhibition may, however, attenuate drug response and contribute to the development of acquired resistance. An improved understanding of the adaptive response of cancer cells to MAPK pathway inhibition may thus aid in the identification of those patients most likely to respond to targeted pathway inhibitors and provide a rational basis for tailored combination strategies.
Autism parents & neurodiversity: Radical translation, joint embodiment and the prosthetic environment

It has become increasingly common to view and discuss autism as a form of difference, rather than a disorder. Moreover, the autism spectrum has generated new possibilities for personhood and social inclusion. These developments have typically been ascribed to the recent work of autistic autobiographers and autistic self-advocates associated with the neurodiversity movement, who are providing a sort of linguistic infrastructure to support autistic personhood. Drawing on historical and ethnographic research, this article makes the complementary and analogous claim that parents of autistic children have used autism therapies to create a technical infrastructure to support autistic personhood. The article follows an earlier genealogical thread to argue that parents have used the techniques and technologies of behavioral therapies (sometimes said to be incommensurable with neurodiversity’s philosophy) in ways that have actually helped establish this autism-as-difference view. They have done so by translating their child’s behaviors and utterances and engaging in forms of ‘joint embodiment’ with her to create enabling ‘prosthetic environments’ where her unique personhood can be recognized. Through an ethnographic focus on ‘prosaic technologies’ and the politics of everyday practice, the article also provides a thicker and more grounded account of what Ian Hacking calls the “looping effect of human kinds”.
Effects of Mobile Buffers on Facilitation: Experimental and Computational Studies

Abstract Facilitation is an important form of short-term plasticity that occurs in most synapses. At crayfish neuromuscular junctions, basal transmission and facilitation were significantly reduced after presynaptic introduction of "fast" high-affinity calcium buffers, and the decay of facilitation was accelerated. The existence of residual calcium during facilitation was also demonstrated. Computational modeling of three-dimensional buffered Ca 2+ diffusion and binding to secretory and facilitation targets suggest that the facilitation site is located away from a secretory trigger mediating exocytosis; otherwise, the facilitation site would be saturated by each action potential. Our simulations account for many characteristics of facilitation and effects of exogenous buffer, and suggest that facilitation is caused by residual calcium gaining access to a site distinct from the secretory trigger through restricted diffusion.
Bases Abroad: The Global Foreign Military Presence

Naval facilities air force facilities ground-force FMP missiles overseas "technical" facilities - intelligence, space and communications research and environmental facilities nuclear-related FMP - deterrence and defence conventional FMP power projection the politics and economics of foreign military presence.
Novel Concept Of Scene Generation And Comprehensive Dynamic Sensor Test

A method has been developed for comprehensive end-to-end tests of scanning optical sensor systems, including the determination of their line of sight relative to a basic inertial reference frame and of their ability to process data obtained from optical stimuli originating from tactical scenarios.
Structure of flow separation and reattachment behind an axisymmetric hill

Large-eddy simulation of a high Reynolds number, turbulent flow over an axisymmetric hill of height H = 2δ, where δ is the incoming turbulent boundary layer thickness, is simulated and compared with the experimental data [1]. The flow is highly three dimensional and is characterized by unsteady separations and re-attachments on the lee-side of the hill. Comparisons with measurements indicate reasonable agreement for the mean surface pressure distribution, the mean streamwise and spanwise flow profiles, and the velocity fluctuation profiles. The boundary layer separates on the lee-side of the hill and the separated shear flow is observed to merge and form a counter-rotating vortex pair (CRVP) downstream. Flow pattern over the hill surface is observed to have the same sense of rotation as the respective vortex in CRVP on either side. The separation and re-attachment process is shown to be strongly controlled by the three-dimensional pressure gradient caused by body shape and size.
Automating Knowledge Acquisition For Aerial Image Interpretation

The interpretation of aerial photographs requires a lot of knowledge about the scene under consideration. Knowledge about the type of scene: airport, suburban housing development, urban city, aids in low-level and intermediate level image analysis, and will drive high-level interpretation by constraining search for plausible consistent scene models. Collecting and representing large knowledge bases requires specialized tools. In this paper we describe the organization of a set of tools for interactive knowledge acquisition of scene primitives and spatial constraints for interpretation of aerial imagery. These tools include a user interface for interactive knowledge acquisition, the automated compilation of that knowledge from a schema-based representation into productions that are directly executable by our interpretation system, and a performance analysis tool that generates a critique of the final interpretation. Finally, the generality of these tools is demonstrated by the generation of rules for a new task, suburban house scenes, and the analysis of a set of imagery by our interpretation system.
Somatic retrotransposition in human cancer revealed by whole-genome and exome sequencing

Retrotransposons constitute a major source of genetic variation, and somatic retrotransposon insertions have been reported in cancer. Here, we applied TranspoSeq, a computational framework that identifies retrotransposon insertions from sequencing data, to whole genomes from 200 tumor/normal pairs across 11 tumor types as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Pan-Cancer Project. In addition to novel germline polymorphisms, we find 810 somatic retrotransposon insertions primarily in lung squamous, head and neck, colorectal, and endometrial carcinomas. Many somatic retrotransposon insertions occur in known cancer genes. We find that high somatic retrotransposition rates in tumors are associated with high rates of genomic rearrangement and somatic mutation. Finally, we developed TranspoSeq-Exome to interrogate an additional 767 tumor samples with hybrid-capture exome data and discovered 35 novel somatic retrotransposon insertions into exonic regions, including an insertion into an exon of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. The results of this large-scale, comprehensive analysis of retrotransposon movement across tumor types suggest that somatic retrotransposon insertions may represent an important class of structural variation in cancer.
Differential expression of galactocerebroside, myelin basic protein, and 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphohydrolase during development of oligodendrocytes in vitro

This paper describes the differential expression and localization of myelin components within membrane sheets produced by oligodendrocytes in vitro. In double-labeling experiments using antibodies to the myelin antigens 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase (CNP) and galactocerebroside (GC), the two antigens were coexpressed in at least 95% of oligodendrocytes at all ages examined. A small population of relatively undifferentiated cells expressed one antigen before the other. Within the membrane sheets produced by the cultured cells, CNP and GC are distributed differently. CNP is highly concentrated in cell bodies, in a network of processes extending from the cell body into the sheets, and around the perimeter of the sheets. CNP staining cannot be detected in some areas within the body of the sheet. When present, it is of low intensity. Under our labeling conditions, GC staining is found throughout the membrane sheets, except in the network of veins which are CNP+. GC and myelin basic protein (MBP) staining are seen in similar membrane domains even though GC is a surface component while MBP resides on the cytoplasmic face. Both the timing and localization of CNP immunostaining show that CNP is as early a marker for oligodendrocytes as GC, and support the idea that CNP may play a structural role in the myelin membrane. Double-labeling studies with GC and CNP antibodies also show that the true shape of a cell and the extent of its development are not always revealed by a single antigen. The differential distribution of antigens within membrane sheets illustrates that they contain areas of structural specialization that may reflect the situation in intact myelin.
Modeling, Metamodeling, and Taxonomy of System Failures

A methodology, called the metasystem approach, is used to discuss modeling and metamodeling of systems failures. The methodology is based on a hierarchy of control where decisional and behavioral processes are differentiated on the basis of domain and logic levels.
Factors Associated with Preferences Regarding Selected Forms of Variable Pay: A Replication and Extension

This study investigates the relationships among being paid via different variable pay systems, perceptions regarding selected work environment characteristics, and preferences regarding selected variable pay plans. The data highlight the importance of studying pay system preferences among those with significant work experience because measurement of such variables as experience with variable pay systems and perceptions of work environment characteristics is otherwise not possible. The findings suggest a link between perceptions of work autonomy, efficient management of firm resources and job support, pay satisfaction, experience with variable pay systems and preferences regarding selected variable pay systems.
The Emergence of Emotions and the Development of Consciousness in Infancy

The conceptual framework for this chapter is differential emotions theory (Izard, 1959, 1960, 1971, 1972, 1977; Tomkins, 1962, 1963). The theory assumes a limited set of discrete fundamental emotions, each having unique motivational properties that derive from the distinct quality of consciousness resulting from the activation of the specific emotion. The neural substrate, phenomenological quality, and facial expression of a fundamental emotion are encoded in the genes, but learning and experience account for the majority of the causes and complex behavioral consequences of emotions. The emotions constitute the principal motivation system for human beings, and the emotions interact with each other and with perceptual and cognitive processes to form a virtually limitless number of motivational phenomena that characterize the adult personality.