cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Confirmation of interstellar N2H

The proposed identification of the triplet of interstellar lines recently discovered at 93.174 GHz with the molecular ion N2H(+) is confirmed by resolving the predicted hyperfine structure of the inner nitrogen nucleus in the narrow-line molecular source OMC-2 in the Orion Nebula. The hyperfine constants of N2H(+) are derived from the observational data, and the rest center frequency of the J = 1-0 rotational transition is determined. It is noted that the full width at half-maximum of the weakest line (F sub 1 = 0-1) is only 230 kHz (0.74 km/sec in radial velocity), making it the narrowest molecular emission line (excluding maser point sources) thus far observed in the direction of a H II region or IR source.
The future of clock network synthesis

The clock distribution network presents one of the most important design challenges in high-performance synchronous VLSI designs. However, automation in clock network synthesis is usually limited to local clock domains for two main reasons. (1) Global clock is too important for designers to take the risk of adopting a fully automated clocking flow. (2) Unlike in other EDA areas (such as synthesis/placement/routing), clock synthesis tools are highly tied to clock network topologies, ground/power planning, clock gating, macro floorplanning, clocking methodologies, etc. It is thus very difficult to implement a set of generic clock synthesis tools for design productivity considerations. That being said, industrial clocking methodologies usually resort to overdesigning because clock synthesis is just too critical to fail.
Quantum theory of intraband photon-drag effect in solid

Abstract It is shown that the Boltzman transport equation for the photon-drag effect induced by the intraband transition can be obtained simply from the density matrix equation for the interacting system consisting of the electrons, photon, and phonon if a proper unitary transformation is made on the density matrix.
Heterotic (2,2)-Vacua: Manifold theory and exact results☆

Abstract Yukawa couplings of a three-generation manifold constructed previously by the author are computed and compared with the results for its exact version found recently by Gepner. It is shown that some couplings that are present in the perturbative Calabi-Yau manifold model are suppressed in the exact model.
A connected tale of claudins from the renal duct to the sensory system

Claudins are tight junction membrane proteins that regulate paracellular permeability to ions and solutes in many physiological systems. The electric property of claudin is the most interesting and pertains to two important organ functions: the renal and sensorineural functions. The kidney comprises of three major segments of epithelial tubules with different paracellular permeabilities: the proximal tubule (PT), the thick acending limb of Henle's loop (TALH) and the collecting duct (CD). Claudins act as ion channels allowing selective permeation of Na(+) in the PT, Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in the TALH and Cl(-) in the CD. The inner ear, on the other hand, expresses claudins as a barrier to block K(+) permeation between endolymph and perilymph. The permeability properties of claudins in different organs can be attributed to claudin interaction within the cell membrane and between neighboring cells. The first extracellular loop of claudins contains determinants of paracellular ionic permeability. While analogous to transmembrane ion channels in many ways, the biophysical and biochemical properties of claudin based paracellular channels remain to be fully characterized.
Seizures in a 7-Month-Old Child After Exposure to the Essential Plant Oil Thuja

A previously healthy 7-month-old child was treated with homeopathic preparations of thuja, a potentially convulsant compound, for the purpose of providing a calming effect around times of immunizations. The child developed eight generalized tonic-clonic seizures with no other obvious cause, in the context of normal electroencephalograms and a normal brain magnetic resonance imaging scan. Seizures stopped after discontinuation of thuja and brief treatment with phenobarbital. The epileptogenic potential of plant-derived essential oils and other herbal remedies should be recognized by practitioners providing neurologic care to children.
Ability of E. coli cyclic AMP receptor protein to differentiate cyclic nucelotides: effects of single site mutations.

Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) is a global transcriptional regulator which controls the expression of many different genes. Although different cyclic nucleotides can bind to CRP...
Reexamination of the Pyrolysis of Polyethylene: Data Needs, Free-Radical Mechanistic Considerations, and Thermochemical Kinetic Simulation of Initial Product-Forming Pathways

Gaps in the voluminous data on pyrolysis of polyethylene that impede mechanistic understanding are highlighted, especially for H:C material balances, product distributions at varying conversions in isothermal closed systems, and inconsistencies between GC and FIMS analyses of products with lower volatility. Thermochemical kinetic estimates are made for the rates of various initiation processes; these suggest that molecular disproportionation contributes to chain initiation, along with homolysis, at lower Mn. Simulations indicate that the standard statistical test for random scission, a linear relationship between log Nc and c for volatile products, is not generally valid in open systems, and its empirical observation implies restrictions on the dependence of the rate of volatilization on c. Simulations of the initial distributions of volatile products and residue functionalities were performed based on propagation rate constants estimated by thermochemical kinetic procedures. The practice of deducing the ...
EFFECT OF ANDROGEN ON THE PROSTATE IN STARVATION

IT WILL be demonstrated in this paper that inanition leads to a rapid cessation of prostatic function and that androgen administration promotes vigorous growth and secretion of the prostate in the total absence of exogenous food; androgen confers on certain tissues n i starvation the ability to use break-down products of the body and establishes selective growth with secretion occurring at a rate which is greater than normal. The use of quantitative methods of study of prostatic secretion permits estimation of the rate at which these changes occur. The effect of inanition on the male genital complex has not been studied extensively. Adequate studies have been made only in connection with partial restriction of food. Moore and Samuels (1931) found in rats that partial starvation induced by diets deficient in Vitamin B or diets insufficient in calories but rich in this vitamin resulted in prostatic atrophy, although the testes were histologically normal; injections of testicular extracts caused regeneration...
Best Practices in Nutrition for Children With Myelomeningocele

Children born with myelo- meningocele (MMC), the most severe form of spina bifida, face multiple challenges throughout their life span. Neurogenic bowel, neurogenic bladder, Arnold-Chiari II malformation, and hydrocephalus are common complica- tions that have implications for elimination, feeding, and learning. Nutrition education and intervention that use the concepts of family-centered care beginning in infancy and continuing throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood are important. These can help maximize wellness, fitness, and independence in children with MMC, as constipation, dysphagia, and obesity are common comorbidities seen in individuals with MMC. This article reviews the literature on nutrition assessment and interven- tion in this unique population to assist nutrition professionals in caring for children with MMC.
Delay bounded buffered tree construction for timing driven floorplanning

As devices and lines shrink into the deep submicron range, the propagation delay of signals can be effectively improved by repowering the signals using intermediate buffers placed within the routing trees. Almost no existing timing driven floorplanning and placement approaches consider the option of buffer insertion. As such, they may exclude solutions, particularly early in the design process, with smaller overall area and better routability. In this paper, we propose a new methodology in which buffered trees are used to estimate wire delay during floorplanning. Instead of treating delay as one of the objectives, as done by the majority of previous work, we formulate the problem in terms of Delay Bounded Buffered Trees (DBB-tree) and propose an efficient algorithm to construct a DBB spanning tree for use during floorplanning. Experimental results show that the algorithm is very effective. Using buffer insertion at the floorplanning stage yields significantly better solutions in terms of both chip area and total wire length.
Properties of Broad Bean Lipoxygenase

An improved method of assay of lipoxygenase (E.C.1·13·1·13) was introduced by initiating and following the reaction in the spectrophotometric cell. The enzyme was extracted from broad bean (View faba) and purified fifty folds. It oxidized linoleate but not oleate and the rate of linoleate and linolenate oxidation were found to be practically the same. The enzyme had an optimum pH of 6.0 and an optimum temp of 30°C. The activation energy was found to be 7.1 KCal/mole and the Km for linoleate 2.8 × 10a-3M.
Serologic Response of Chickens to Experimental Infection with Hemophilus gallinarum, and Their Immunity to Challenge

Abstract THE study of the immunity of chickens to infection with Hemophilus gallinarum has been hampered by the lack of serologic tests. Only recently Kato et al. (1962) reported on the use of agglutination and complement fixation tests for diagnosis of infection due to H. gallinarum, and Page (1962) reported briefly on the use of a plate agglutination test to classify isolates of H. gallinarum into antigenic groups. As early as 1934 De Blieck (1934) showed that chickens that recovered from an infection of H. gallinarum had a substantial degree of immunity. This observation was also confirmed by Schalm and Beach (1936). Page et al. (1963) inoculated chickens with a bacterin of H. gallinarum and determined their degree of immunity to challenge with a virulent H. gallinarum, but he did not follow their serologic reaction. In this paper we describe the serologic response of chickens to experimental infection with H. gallinarum,…
Alx1, a member of the Cart1/Alx3/Alx4 subfamily of Paired-class homeodomain proteins, is an essential component of the gene network controlling skeletogenic fate specification in the sea urchin embryo.

In the sea urchin embryo, the large micromeres and their progeny function as a critical signaling center and execute a complex morphogenetic program. We have identified a new and essential component of the gene network that controls large micromere specification, the homeodomain protein Alx1. Alx1 is expressed exclusively by cells of the large micromere lineage beginning in the first interphase after the large micromeres are born. Morpholino studies demonstrate that Alx1 is essential at an early stage of specification and controls downstream genes required for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and biomineralization. Expression of Alx1 is cell autonomous and regulated maternally through s-catenin and its downstream effector, Pmar1. Alx1 expression can be activated in other cell lineages at much later stages of development, however, through a regulative pathway of skeletogenesis that is responsive to cell signaling. The Alx1 protein is highly conserved among euechinoid sea urchins and is closely related to the Cart1/Alx3/Alx4 family of vertebrate homeodomain proteins. In vertebrates, these proteins regulate the formation of skeletal elements of the limbs, face and neck. Our findings suggest that the ancestral deuterostome had a population of biomineral-forming mesenchyme cells that expressed an Alx1-like protein.
LP‐1: Late‐News Poster: Polysilicon TFT Display Driver Circuits on Stainless Steel Foil Substrates

We have demonstrated the performance of circuits on stainless steel and compared them to those fabricated on quartz substrates. We have modeled the substrate dependence of the minimum and maximum operating frequency of a Shift Register, and found close agreement with our experimental measurements. This model can be used as a design guideline for future development of circuits on conducting substrates.
TRANSMISSION OF LIGHT THROUGH A SLAB OF CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTAL

A theoretical treatment is given of the problem of transmission of light through a slab of cholesteric liquid crystal. The axially symmetric arrangement is considered in which the faces of the crystal are perpendicular to the axis and the light propagation is parallel to the axis. The linear problem, as governed by Maxwell’s equations and the usual boundary conditions, is treated. Explicit solutions for the transmitted fields are obtained, for either circular polarization of the incident wave. Several limiting cases are discussed, in which especially simple formulas apply and in which there are physical pictures of the transmission phenomena.
A statistical methodology for analyzing co-occurrence data from a large sample

Determining important associations among items in a large database is challenging due to multiple simultaneous hypotheses and the ability to select weak associations that are statistically but not clinically significant. The simple application of the @g^2 test among all possible pairs of items results in mostly inappropriate associations surpassing the traditional (@a=.05, @g^2=3.94) threshold. One can choose a stricter threshold to find stronger associations, but the choice may be arbitrary. We combined the volume test of Diaconis and Efron with a p-value plot to select a more rigorous and less arbitrary threshold. The volume test adjusts the p-value of the @g^2-statistic. A plot of adjusted p-values (1-p versus N"p), where N"p is the number of test statistics with a p-value greater than p, should be linear if there are no true associations. The point where the plot deviates from a line can be used as a threshold. We used linear regression to select the threshold in a reproducible fashion. In one experiment, we found that the method selected a threshold similar to that previously obtained by manually reviewing associations.
Information for People

Ordinary people have access to unprecedented volumes of information today. Researchers in the fields of information management (IM) and human-computer interaction (HCI) are reacting to this challenge from their own unique perspectives. Having access to a billion records is cool, but having access to a billion people is awesome. In this paper, we look at recent research from both communities, and speculate on how interactions between the communities could enhance the user experience of information.
Statistical analysis of irregular wave-guide influences on regional seismic discriminants in China: Additional results for Pn/Sn, Pn/Lg, and Pg/Sn

Abstract Reducing scatter in measurements of regional-phase amplitude ratios is desirable for seismic discrimination applications and also provides insight into crustal structure controls on energy partitioning of regional seismic waves. Our previous analysis (Fan and Lay, 1998) of the regional seismic discriminant, Pg/Lg , indicated that variations in crustal structure cause path-specific fluctuations of those amplitude ratios for earthquakes recorded at broadband station WMQ in western China. In this study, we extend our multivariate regression analysis to Pn/Sn , Pn/Lg , and Pg/Sn amplitude ratios recorded at WMQ in frequency bands of 0.75 to 1.5 Hz, 1.5 to 3.0 Hz, and 3.0 to 6.0 Hz for the suite of path-specific parameters: path length, mean path elevation, variance of topography along the path, rms topographic slope variations, mean crustal thickness, and mean sediment thickness. Optimal three- and four-parameter models all achieve reductions in variance of the measurements relative to conventional distance corrections. At low frequency, the improvements for ratios involving Pg can be more than a factor of 2. For all short-period amplitude ratios, mean path elevation seems to play an important role. While crustal thickness and sediment thickness affect ratios involving Pg , topographic variance and surface slope variations have more influence on ratios involving Pn . Strong crustal variations associated with the structure of the Tibetan Plateau are responsible for much of the amplitude variations.
Smoking motivation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives.

INTRODUCTION Smokers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differ from smokers without ADHD across a range of smoking outcomes (e.g., higher prevalence rates of smoking, faster progression to regular smoking, and greater difficulty quitting). Moreover, ADHD as a disorder has been characterized by deficits in fundamental motivational processes. To date, few studies have examined how motivation for smoking might differ between nicotine-dependent individuals with and without ADHD. The goal of this study was to assess whether specific smoking motivation factors differentiate smokers with and without ADHD as measured by an empirically derived self-report measure of smoking motivations. METHODS Smokers with (n = 61) and without (n = 89) ADHD participated in a range of laboratory and clinical studies that included the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM). RESULTS A series of one-way analysis of covariances statistically controlling for age and race indicated that smokers with ADHD scored higher on the following WISDM subscales than their non-ADHD peers: automaticity, loss of control, cognitive enhancement, cue exposure, and negative reinforcement. Smokers in the non-ADHD group yielded higher scores on the social- environmental goads WISDM subscale. No group by gender interactions emerged. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smokers with ADHD report different motives for smoking than smokers without ADHD. Clarifying the role of these motivational factors has implications for smoking prevention and treatment.
DESIGN OF A TUNABLE STIFFNESS COMPOSITE LEG FOR DYNAMIC LOCOMOTION

Passively compliant legs have been instrumental in the development of dynamically running legged robots. Having properly tuned leg springs is essential for stable, robust and energetically efficient running at high speeds. Recent simulation studies indicate that having variable stiffness legs, as animals do, can significantly improve the speed and stability of these robots in changing environmental conditions. However, to date, the mechanical complexities of designing usefully robust tunable passive compliance into legs has precluded their implementation on practical running robots. This paper describes a new design of a “structurally controlled variable stiffness” leg for a hexapedal running robot. This new leg improves on previous designs’ performance and enables runtime modification of leg stiffness in a small, lightweight, and rugged package. Modeling and leg test experiments are presented that characterize the improvement in stiffness range, energy storage, and dynamic coupling properties of these legs. We conclude that this variable stiffness leg design is now ready for implementation and testing on a dynamical running robot.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
An Experimental Analysis of Children's Dislike of Aggressors and Victims

We experimentally examined social contextual factors that might moderate children's dislike for aggressors and for victims of aggression, by varying both the aggressor's behavior (aggressive toward multiple children versus aggressive only toward one child) and the victim's behavior (passive versus assertive). Children (117 male and female fourth to sixth graders) listened to one of four scenarios describing the experiences of boys at a summer camp and rated how much they liked the aggressor, the victim, and the other children in the scenario; children also reported how much they thought the aggressor, victim, and others liked each other. Overall, and consistent with previous research, children disliked aggressors the most, followed by victims and then by the other children in the scenarios. Importantly, children's liking was influenced by the social context in which the aggression occurred, particularly in regards to how the victim responded. Aggressors (general or focused) were liked more if their victim was assertive rather than nonassertive. Furthermore, children liked nonassertive victims less than assertive victims, particularly a nonassertive victim in response to a general aggressor. Inferred liking among the group members also was dependent on the social context of the provocation. This research highlights the need to consider aggression as more than a set of behaviors. Aggression is a social event embedded within a social context and interpersonal relationships must be considered.
A Multiple Component Model of Clinical Imagery

The previous decade has witnessed a rapid proliferation of imagery-based psychotherapies, ranging from psychodynamic techniques such as psycho-imagination therapy (Shorr, 1974) to more structured and focused behavior modification procedures (Cautela, 1967; Wolpe, 1958). Despite the promise of imagery as a psychotherapeutic tool, a host of issues remain about the functional and structural characteristics of this complex private process. A frank assessment of the literature indicates that theoreticians and researchers alike continue to grope for a way to conceptualize the experience of clinical images. Many theories with little consensus explain therapeutic significance of imagery, but are constrained primarily by being “technique specific” in that they describe the therapeutic impact of a single therapy or a generically related group of therapies (Singer, 1974). Conversely, limited effort has been directed toward an understanding of nonspecific imagery effects that may be related simply to the fact that imagery provides different modes for organizing personal world conceptions. Clinical experience suggests that there is something distinctive about imagery as a form of cognition that cannot be duplicated by verbal processes, but one is pressed to identify what these distinctive elements are.
American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons' Anesthesia and Third Molar Extraction Benchmark Study: Rationale, Methods, and Initial Findings

Purpose Benchmark statistics are used in quality assurance/quality improvement processes. The purposes of the present report are to 1) review the rationale for a new specialty-specific benchmark study, 2) summarize the methods to create a practice-based research collaborative (P-BRC) designed for collecting data to create benchmarks, and 3) describe the characteristics of the P-BRC surgeon participants. Materials and Methods The study was designed as a prospective cohort study. We created a P-BRC composed of randomly selected American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) members in private practice in the United States, who agreed to enroll patients scheduled to receive anesthesia of any type in the office-based ambulatory setting. The study variables included clinician demographics and their P-BRC status, grouped as 1) invited, active participants, 2) invited, inactive participants, and 3) uninvited AAOMS members. The P-BRC participants collected data for dozens of variables from their patients related to anesthesia. If the procedure was third molar (M3) surgery, additional M3 procedure-specific data were collected. Data analyses were composed of computing descriptive and bivariate statistics. Preliminary sample size estimates suggested that the P-BRC should include 300 surgeons to produce estimates with a ±5% error. Results During the 1-year study interval, 642 surgeons (11.8%) were invited to join the P-BRC from a population of 5,455 eligible AAOMS members. The 124 active participants in the P-BRC contributed 6,344 subjects to the anesthesia data set and 2,978 subjects who had had 9,207 M3s removed to the M3 data set. The active participants in the P-BRC were younger and more likely to be board-certified than were the inactive participants (P < .05). Details of the anesthesia and M3 variables will follow in future reports. Conclusions Despite vigorous efforts, we did not achieve our stated goal of creating a P-BRC composed of a random sample of 300 AAOMS members. With the current P-BRC sample, variables with very high (>93%) or very low (<7%) frequency estimates will produce estimates with the desired range of ±5% error. The P-BRC includes a sample of self-selected, not random, participants and is well-characterized in terms of age, gender, board-certification status, academic degrees, and geographic distribution.
Optimal defense and control of dynamic systems modeled as cyber-physical systems

With the increasing connectivity among computational cyber-connected elements and physical entities, a unified representation that captures the interrelationship between the cyber and the physical systems becomes increasingly important. In this paper, we propose a novel representation for developing cybersecurity schemes for physical systems wherein the cyber system states affect the physical system and vice versa. Subsequently by using this representation, an optimal strategy via Q-learning is derived for the cyber defense in the presence of an attack. Since the cyber system under attack will affect the physical system stability and performance, an optimal controller by using Q-learning is considered for the physical system with uncertain dynamics. As an example, cyber-attacks that increase the network delay and packet losses are considered and the goal of the proposed cyber defense and optimal controller is to thwart the attack and mitigate the performance degradation of the physical system due to incre...
The Economics of Donor Advised Funds

Donor advised funds (DAFs) are experiencing rapid growth because they are a cost efficient way for individual investors to receive an immediate tax deduction, while controlling the timing and disbursement levels of charitable gifts. As a result, the tax deduction on a DAF contribution can occur several years before the funds reach their charitable objective. Other charitable vehicles, much as private foundations or charitable remainder trusts, also realize this tax benefit, but these vehicles are more expensive to set up and monitor. Presently DAFs can be set up for donations as small as $5000. Even though donor advised funds can be preferable to private foundations, they may not be preferable to a “hold and give later” strategy that we call “checkbook philanthropy”. If other benefits of a donor advised fund, such as investment diversification and/or charitable due diligence, are not significant factors to the investor/taxpayer, then the choice between a donor advised fund and checkbook philanthropy centers on the interplay between the incremental DAF fees and the effective tax rate on the investments potentially held outside of a DAF. This article finds that a DAF is preferable to checkbook philanthropy whenever the incremental cost imposed by the DAF is less than the product of the investment’s return multiplied by the effective tax rate. If the incremental cost is greater than this product, then checkbook philanthropy is preferred. As long as tax rates are constant, the timing of a charitable deduction does not affect how much money is actually received by a 501(c)(3). We find that the same results occur whether the tax savings of the initial transfer to the DAF are reinvested for later donation or the tax savings are rolled into additional transfers to the DAF. Therefore, the key economic issue surrounding the use of DAFs is the relationship between the incremental DAF fees and the tax liability on investments held outside of the DAF.
Agglomerate Size Changes in Coagulation

A concentric cylinder apparatus utilizing an electronic particle size analyzer was used to study the coagulation of finely divided silica particles by alum and FeCl\D3\N and the coagulation of natural color in water by alum. The unit was capable of indicating the agglomerate size distribution directly, from which information on the rate and extent of coagulation and on the strength and settling characteristics of the floc could be determined. Study variables included pH, coagulant dose, silica or color concentration, mixing rate, and the method of coagulant addition. The experimental results were used to formulate a theory of coagulation for the alum-silica system in which coagulation is thought to involve chemical interaction between the silica surface and Al(OH)\D3\N precipitate to form small agglomerates called "unit flocs." Further coagulation, according to the theory, would require chemical interaction between unit flocs, and is based largely on the collision dynamics of the system.
Challenges in the implementation of dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) optical interconnects using resonant silicon photonics

Small silicon photonics micro-resonator modulators and filters hold the promise for multi-terabit per-second interconnects at energy consumptions well below 1 pJ/bit. To date, no products exist and little known commercial development is occurring using this technology. Why? In this talk, we review the many challenges that remain to be overcome in bringing this technology from the research labs to the field where they can overcome important commercial, industrial, and national security limitations of existing photonic technologies.
Abstract P622: Regulation of Neuroprotective Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1 by Rapamycin and AT2R Agonists in Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell-line

Myeloid Cell Leukemia I (MCL-1) is a critical protein for neuronal cell survival. MCL-1 is one of the anti-apoptotic proteins in the Bcl2 family. In neurons, MCL-1 regulates the rate of programmed cell death during development and after neuronal damage. It is now well established that without sufficient MCL-1 dopaminergic neuronal cells succumb to cell death under conditions of oxidative stress that result in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinsonism. Therefore, identifying drugs that can up-regulate the expression of MCL-1 in neuronal cells is critical for enhancing neuronal resistance to oxidative stress and improving neuronal survival. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatments with Rapamycin and a novel AT2R peptide agonist NP-6A4 on the MCL-1 expression in SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line. SH-SY5Y cells are a human-derived in vitro model of neuronal function and differentiation, expressing both adrenergic and dopaminergic markers. This cell line is a highly translational model for Parkinson9s disease. Cells were maintained in a 1:1 mixture of DMEM and Ham9s F-12 with 10% FBS. Cells were subjected to serum starvation and were treated with Rap (10nM), NP-6A4 (300nM) or their combination for 6 hours. MCL-1 protein expression was assessed by immunofluorescence using anti-MCL-1 antibody and a fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibody. Cells were imaged using a confocal microscope and fluorescence was quantified using Leica LAS AF software. It was observed that Rap treatment significantly suppressed MCL-1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells (~40% suppression, p
Piling in Frozen Ground

Recent construction in northern regions has emphasized the need for economical and reliable foundations, particularly in areas having permanently frozen ground. In many permafrost areas piling can provide cost effective and reliable foundation systems, avoiding the undesirable freeze and thaw cycles at the surface and the potentimlly large settlements which accompany the thawing of permafrost. The design, construction and performance of piles in frozen ground requires a thorough knowledge of the soil and ice conditions at depth and an understanding of the theraml regime. Techniques are available to expedite pile installation and freezeback. Pile testing procedures have been developed for frozen ground, providing design information on short and long term loadings. Field design changes are essential for the installation of pile foundations such as used in elevated pipelines, which are designed on limited soil and permafrost data. Since subsurface conditions in permafrost areas can vary widely over short distances the requirement for close field inspection and ability to redesign is critical to match the actual conditions. Recognizing and avoiding thermal changes created by adjacent foundations, roads, utilities and flowing water will become increasingly important as northern regions develop.
Nuclear Diffusion: Notes Toward Reimagining Reproductive Justice in a Militarized Asia Pacific

Yu-Fang Cho's essay examines the central role of nuclear energy and nuclear weaponry in Taiwan, the Marshall Islands, and Okinawa. The article claims that discourses of nuclear reproductive futures often obscure and erase indigenous and working-class communities most directly affected by nuclear power and warfare.
Fire as an Insect Management Tool

Fire rapidly releases heat of lethal intensity near its source. This property was well recognized and often utilized by applied entomologists in the late 1800sand early 1900s (Komarek 1971). The attention of later insect managers was shifted away from fire by wildfire prevention campaigns and the emergence of insecticides. Fire nevertheless remained a plausible tool, and scattered reports of fire use against insects have continued to appear down to the present.
Effects of Various Diets, Cholesterol and Choline on Liver Lipids of the Rat:

It has long been known that the diets high in fat cause a marked increase in the neutral fat of the liver. Best and his coworkers1, 2 have shown that this can be prevented or cured in the rat by administration of choline. Moderately fatty livers were produced by these workers when they fed rats exclusively on sucrose or on any other choline-free diets. Cholesterol in doses of 100 mg. daily had a similar effect. This change was found to be preventable, however, by the administration of as little as 5 mg. of choline daily. It has been shown by Schonheimer and Yuasa,3 and confirmed by Page and Menschick,4 Okey,5 Chanutin and Ludewig,6 Sperry and Stoyanoff,7 and others, that cholesterol feeding causes a marked increase in the cholesterol of the liver. Chanutin and Ludewig found that added carbohydrate accelerated while fat inhibited the deposition of cholesterol in the liver of cholesterol-fed rats. Little attention appears to have been given to the phospholipid fraction in the liver under the various conditi...
Version Management Method of Smart Substation Configuration File

The smart substation does follow the IEC 61850standard and its system configuration process,but there exists the problem of version management with its configuration file.By analyzing the relevant provisions of configuration version in IEC 61850Ed.2.0,a method of generating the cyclic redundancy check(CRC)code for the virtual terminal connection configuration is put forward.Based on the standard file version and CRC code,a smart substation configuration file management scheme is put forward to realize simple management of virtual terminal configuration.
Monolayer MoS 2 Nanoribbons as a Promising Material for Both n -type and p -type Legs in Thermoelectric Generators

First-principles calculations have been performed to study the thermoelectric properties of monolayer MoS2 armchair nanoribbons (ACNRs). The electronic behavior of nanoribbons is dominated by the presence of edge states that are dependent on the number of zigzag chains across the nanoribbon. In addition, it is found that the phonon thermal conductance of monolayer MoS2 ACNRs is smaller than monolayer films due to phonon edge scattering. This effect is more pronounced in narrower nanoribbons, which leads to a higher ZT value compared to a monolayer MoS2 sheet. The effects of sulfur vacancy and edge roughness on the thermoelectric properties of MoS2 ACNRs have also been studied. We found that edge roughness decreased ZT values compared to those of perfect nanoribbons, as its impact on electrical conductance is more severe than on phonon thermal conductance. Sulfur vacancy, however, improved ZT in some subbands. It is shown that ZT values as high as 4 for electron-doped and 3 for hole-doped nanoribbons can be achieved at T = 500 K. The ability to achieve high ZT values for both p-type and n-type nanoribbons makes monolayer MoS2 ACNR a promising candidate for future solid-state thermoelectric generators.
Directive and enhanced spontaneous emission using shifted cubes nanoantenna

Recent studies have demonstrated that nano-patch antennas formed by metallic nanocubes placed on top of a metallic film largely enhance the spontaneous emission rate of quantum emitters due to the confinement of the electromagnetic field in the small nanogap cavity. The popularity of this architecture is, in part, due to the ease in fabrication. In this contribution, we theoretically demonstrate that a dimer formed by two metallic nanocubes embedded in a dielectric medium exhibits enhanced emission rate compared to the nano-patch antenna. Furthermore, we compare the directivity and radiation efficiency of both nanoantennas. From these characteristics, we obtained information about the “material efficiency” and the coupling mismatch efficiency between a dipole emitter and the nanoantenna. These quantities provide a more intuitive insight than the Purcell factor or localized density of states, opening new perspectives in nanoantenna design for ultra-directive light emission.
Effects of Interviewer Support on Children's Memory and Suggestibility: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Experimental Research.

The accuracy of children’s reports of abuse has been hotly debated in the press, academia, and the courtroom. Yet, children’s accuracy depends, in part, on the context in which children are intervi...
A Defense of Free Will Skepticism: Replies to Commentaries by Victor Tadros, Saul Smilansky, Michael McKenna, and Alfred R. Mele on Free Will, Agency, and Meaning in Life

This paper features Derk Pereboom’s replies to commentaries by Victor Tadros and Saul Smilansky on his non-retributive, incapacitation-focused proposal for treatment of dangerous criminals; by Michael McKenna on his manipulation argument against compatibilism about basic desert and causal determination; and by Alfred R. Mele on his disappearing agent argument against event-causal libertarianism.
Post-Treatment/Pre-operative PET Response Is Not an Independent Predictor of Outcomes for Patients With Gastric and GEJ Adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether changes in positron emission tomography (PET) avidity correlated with histologic response and were independently associated with outcome. BACKGROUND The implications of metabolic response to neoadjuvant therapy as measured by repeat PET imaging remain ill-defined for patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers. METHODS We identified patients with gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma who were evaluated with PET imaging before and following neoadjuvant treatment, and subsequently underwent curative resections. Spearman rank correlation and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate standardized uptake value (SUV) and histologic response, pathologic parameters, and disease-specific survival (DSS). RESULTS From 2002 to 2013, 192 patients met our inclusion criteria. The median SUVmax response was 57.3% (range: -110% to 100%) for patients with GEJ cancers, with a corresponding median pathologic treatment response of 80% (range: 0% to 100%). The median SUVmax response was 32.5% (-230% to 100%) for patients with gastric cancers, with a corresponding median pathologic treatment response of 35% (range: 0% to 100%). The Spearman correlation between SUVmax response and histologic response was significant for patients with GEJ (rho = 0.19, P = 0.04) and gastric (rho = 0.44, P < 0.0001) cancers. For patients with GEJ (P <0.0001 to 0.046) and gastric cancers (P = 0.0003 to 0.016), histopathologic response and tumor staging predicted DSS. SUVmax response failed to demonstrate a relationship with DSS when entered into multivariable models containing conventional pathologic variables. CONCLUSION Following completion of neoadjuvant therapy for gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma, histopathologic staging remains the best predictor of outcome. Repeat post-treatment/preoperative PET imaging for the purpose of prognostication is of limited value.
DIETARY PROTEIN AND MIXED FUNCTION OXIDASE ACTIVITY

Publisher Summary Diet and nutrition are important environmental factors that may influence mixed function oxidase (MFO) activity and the biological response to xenobiotics. Studies in rats and man utilizing only 2 or 3 diets of different protein concentration have shown that dietary protein is one important nutritional variable controlling MFO activity. This chapter describes an experiment that was conducted to gain more information about the influence of dietary protein on MFO activity. In this study, rats were fed different concentrations of protein. In addition, the role of protein nutrition was assessed by a self-selection dietary regimen that simulates natural conditions. A group of rats was allowed to choose their own protein intake by eating from two feed jars; one containing 5% protein and the other 40% protein. This study indicates that protein excess or deficiency, relative to the 15% protein requirement, influences MFO activity. Similar conclusions are drawn when the data is expressed as total liver activity or activity per unit body weight. Each measure of MFO activity responded uniquely to dietary protein. Cyt. c reductase showed only a twofold change in activity from the lowest to highest observed means. However, cyt. P-450 and AHH showed fourfold and tenfold increases in activity respectively. This study suggests that the amount of dietary protein may have differing effects on the metabolism and biological action of various substrates.
In Vitro Chondrotoxicity of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Opioid Medications.

Background:A variety of medications are administered to the intra-articular space for the relief of joint pain. While amide-type local anesthetics have been extensively studied, there is minimal information regarding the potential chondrotoxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid medications.Purpose:To investigate the in vitro chondrotoxicity of single-dose equivalent concentrations of ketorolac, morphine, meperidine, and fentanyl on human chondrocytes.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Human cartilage was arthroscopically harvested from the intercondylar notch and expanded in vitro. Gene expression of cultured chondrocytes before treatment was performed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction for type I collagen, type II collagen, aggrecan, and SOX9. Chondrocytes were then exposed to 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.04% morphine sulfate; 0.3% and 0.6% ketorolac tromethamine; 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% meperidine hydrochloride; 0.0005% and 0.001% fentanyl citrate; and saline. A cu...
On protecting location secrecy

High-accuracy localization is a prerequisite for many wireless applications. To obtain accurate location information, it is often required to share users' positional knowledge and this brings the risk of leaking location information to adversaries during the localization process. This paper develops a theory and algorithms for protecting location secrecy. In particular, we first introduce a location secrecy metric (LSM) for a general measurement model of an eavesdropper. Compared to previous work, the measurement model accounts for parameters such as channel conditions and time offsets in addition to the positions of users. We determine the expression of the LSM for typical scenarios and show how the LSM depends on the capability of an eavesdropper and the quality of the eavesdropper's measurement. Based on the insights gained from the analysis, we consider a case study in wireless localization network and develop an algorithm that diminish the eavesdropper's capabilities by exploiting the reciprocity of channels. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively increase the LSM and protect location secrecy.
Patient Reported Pain After Successful Nonunion Surgery: Can We Completely Eliminate It?

OBJECTIVES To investigate what factors are associated with continued long-term pain after fracture nonunion surgery. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Single Academic Institution. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS Three hundred forty-one patients surgically treated for fracture nonunion were prospectively followed. Demographics, radiographic evaluations, VAS pain scores, and short musculoskeletal functional assessment (SMFA) scores were collected at routine intervals. Only patients who had a minimum of 1-year follow-up and complete healing were included this analysis. Patients were divided into a high-pain and low-pain cohort for comparison. Inclusion criteria for the high-pain cohort were defined as any patient who reported a pain score greater than one standard deviation above the mean. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Long-term VAS pain scores and factors contributing to increased patient-reported long-term VAS pain scores. RESULTS Two hundred seventy patients met criteria and were included in this analysis, with 223 patients (82.6%) in the low-pain cohort and 47 patients (17.4%) in the high-pain cohort. The mean long-term pain score was 7.47 ± 1.2 in the high-pain group and 1.78 ± 1.9 in the low-pain group. Within the high-pain cohort, 55.6% of patients reported a net increase in pain from baseline to long-term follow-up compared with 10.5% in the low-pain cohort (P < 0.0005). High baseline pain score (P = 0.003), increased Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (P = 0.008), lower income level (P = 0.014), and current smoking status (P = 0.033) were found to be significantly more prevalent in the high-pain cohort. CONCLUSIONS Patients with higher baseline pain scores, elevated Charlson comorbidity index, lower income level or history of smoking are at an increased risk of reporting significant and potentially debilitating long-term pain after nonunion surgery. Although patients may expect complete relieve of pain, orthopaedic surgeons must inform patients of the possibility of experiencing pain 1 year or more postoperatively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Autofluorescence lifetime imaging endoscopy for automated label-free early detection of oral epithelial cancer and dysplasia (Conference Presentation)

Despite the fact that the oral cavity is easily accessible, only ~30% of oral cancers are diagnosed at an early stage, which is the main factor attributed to the low 5-year survival rate (63%) of oral cancer patients. Several screening tools for oral cancer have been commercially available; however, none of them have been demonstrated to have sufficient sensitivity and specificity for early detection of oral cancer and dysplasia. We hypothesized that an array of biochemical and metabolic biomarkers for oral cancer and dysplasia can be quantified by endogenous fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), thus enabling levels of sensitivity and specificity adequate for early detection of oral cancer and dysplasia. Our group has recently developed multispectral FLIM endoscopes to image the oral cavity with unprecedented imaging speed (>2fps). We have also performed an in vivo pilot study, in which endogenous multispectral FLIM images were acquired from clinically suspicious oral lesions of 70 patients undergoing tissue biopsy. The results from this pilot study indicated that mild-dysplasia and early stage oral cancer could be detected from benign lesions using a computed aided diagnosis (CAD) system developed based on biochemical and metabolic biomarkers that could be quantified from endogenous multispectral FLIM images. The diagnostic performance of this novel FLIM based clinical tool was estimated using a cross-validation approach, showing levels of sensitivity >90%, specificity >80%, and Area Under the Receiving Operating Curve (RO- AUC) >0.9. Future efforts are focused on developing cost-effective FLIM endoscopes and validating this novel clinical tool in prospective multi-center clinical studies.