cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantity of dietary protein intake, but not pattern of intake, affects net protein balance primarily through differences in protein synthesis in older adults

To examine whole body protein turnover and muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (MPS) following ingestions of protein in mixed meals at two doses of protein and two intake patterns, 20 healthy ...
The work-family role system.

The study of work and the study of the family have traditionally constituted separate sub-disciplines in sociology. Rapoport and Rapoport (1965) and Kanter (1976), among others, have aptly stressed the need for greater examination of work and family roles in relation to each other. Such joint consideration is necessary to describe how individuals' functioning in either of these spheres is affected by their involvement in the other. Further, the current examination of sex roles brings added impetus to the analysis of work-family interrelationships. A major part of what is usually meant by change in "sex roles" is specifically change in the traditional allocation of work and family roles between men and women. Traditional sex role norms prescribed the specialization of work and family responsibilities by sex, but a new option for each sex to integrate roles in both work and the family is now emerging. This paper analyzes some aspects of what I term the "work-family role system." The work-family role system is composed of the male work role, the female work role, the female family role, and the male family role. Each of these roles may be fully actualized, or may be only partly actualized or latent, as is often the case with the female work role and the male family role. The analysis of these four roles as a system provides a useful way of organizing research about the relations among these roles, and suggests new relations to be examined. It also makes possible some inferences about the dynamics of future changes in women's and men's roles in work and the family. Analyzing men's and women's work and family roles as components of a role system involves specifying how each role articulates with the others to which it is linked, and how variations in the nature of each role, or whether the role is actualized at all, affects the others. For example, to describe the link between the female work and the female family roles, we consider how the extent of the female work role (ranging from no paid work at all, to the most demanding and highest status full time work) both affects and is affected by the extent of the female family role. These links can be considered at two conceptual levels. They can be analyzed at the level of the individual couple, e.g., the relation between wives' employment status and wives' role performance in the family. Each link can also be considered at the
Fuzzy relations for feature-model correspondence in 3D object recognition

This paper presents a new mechanism for determining feature correspondences for object recognition, based on fuzzy set theory. The new method applies unary and binary constraints from the model, taking uncertainty characteristics of the measurement process into consideration. Experiments with both unoccluded and occluded images show that the method selects an appropriate set of correspondences, especially when integrated with fuzzy perceptual grouping.
Insulin-like growth factor I reduces lipid oxidation and foam cell formation via downregulation of 12/15-lipoxygenase.

Objective: We have shown that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) infusion in Apoe � /� mice decreased atherosclerotic plaque size and plaque macrophage and lipid content suggesting that IGF-1 suppressed formation of macrophage-derived foam cells. Since 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) plays an important role in OxLDL and foam cell formation, we hypothesized that IGF-1 downregulates 12/15-LOX, thereby suppressing lipid oxidation and foam cell formation. Approach and Results: We found that IGF-1 decreased 12/15-LOX plaque immunopositivity and serum OxLDL levels in Apoe � /� mice. IGF-1
Three exceptions in the calculation of relic abundances

The calculation of relic abundances of elementary particles by following their annihilation and freeze-out in the early Universe has become an important and standard tool in discussing particle dark-matter candidates. We find three situations, all occurring in the literature, in which the standard methods of calculating relic abundances fail. The first situation occurs when another particle lies near in mass to the relic particle and shares a quantum number with it. An example is a light squark with neutralino dark matter. The additional particle must be included in the reaction network, since its annihilation can control the relic abundance. The second situation occurs when the relic particle lies near a mass threshold. Previously, annihilation into particles heavier than the relic particle was considered kinematically forbidden, but we show that if the mass difference is \ensuremath{\sim}5-15%, these "forbidden" channels can dominate the cross section and determine the relic abundance. The third situation occurs when the annihilation takes place near a pole in the cross section. Proper treatment of the thermal averaging and the annihilation after freeze-out shows that the dip in relic abundance caused by a pole is not nearly as sharp or deep as previously thought.
How Intern Teachers Use Classroom Video for Self-Reflection on Teaching

AbstractThis article evaluates four teacher interns' abilities to use a multilevel reflection framework to connect theory and practice. The interns videotaped their lessons and used a four-level reflection approach to evaluate their teaching. The findings show that they used the evidence from classroom videos to reflect on critical events; however, they seemed to have difficulty explaining local theories in use. The implications for teacher educators' own reflective practices are considered.
Environmental externalities assessment of a palm hydrotreated vegetable oil

When environmental impacts are expressed in terms of loss of welfare, using a monetary unit, external costs are obtained that can be easily used in a cost–benefit analysis or be internalized through the appropriate environmental policy instruments. The objective of this study was to assess, from an economic perspective, the environmental consequences of a palm biofuel obtained by means of oil hydrotreatment (HVO, hydrotreated vegetable oil) in Spanish refineries. Results were compared to two counterparts: a low-sulphur fossil diesel (<10 ppm) and another palm biofuel obtained in transesterification units (FAME, fatty acid methyl ester). The evaluation concluded that FAME and HVO would have a worse environmental performance when compared to diesel due to the increased emissions of nitrogen oxides, small particles (PM2.5) and ammonium. They cannot be offset by emission reductions than other pollutants present, such as sulphur dioxides and greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, results are highly dependent on the approach used to quantify the external costs of GHG emissions.
Estimation and Aggregation of Firm Supply Functions

Five years ago Nerlove and Bachman provided an excellent review of research on agricultural supply and discussed current problems and approaches to solving these problems. Since that time considerable effort has been concentrated on estimating supply functions using linear programming models for representative farms. This article reviews some of the recent research in this approach to estimating supply. The interrelationships among regional linear programming studies, aggregation models, producer panels, and recursive programming models are discussed. Although progress has been made in solving problems relating to the construction and aggregation of firm supply functions and in creating a more dynamic firm model, many additional problems must be solved if this approach is to provide usable estimates of national and regional supply.
Foliage Consumption and Damage by the Walnut Caterpillar on Pecan in Texas

The dry weight of pecan foliage, Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch, destroyed by a given larva of Datana integerrima Grote and Robinson may be partitioned as follows: the 1st 3 instars together destroyed ca. 2.5% in 14.14 days, the 4th instar destroyed an additional 11.5% within the next 4.25 days and, allowing 1 day for molting, the 5th instar destroyed the remaining 86% in less than 3.5 days, and the majority of that occurred within the last day and a half. A total of 3.36 g of foliage was consumed by the typical walnut caterpillar larva during its development.
Risk Analysis of CDM and Development Countermeasure of Low-carbon in China

The countermeasures raised up by global international cooperation were described under the grim situation of climate change and the present situation of the world′s Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) projects and the international carbon emissions quota trading system were introduced.Based on the research of development status and risk of China′s CDM projects,the development prospects of CDM and carbon emissions trading were proposed.The research framework of carbon emissions trading and development countermeasure were presented,pointing out the necessity of next step comparative study of carbon emissions trading schemes.
Cell Sensitivity Test in Polio Laboratory in Hebei,2006-2011

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity of cell lines to poliovirus used in Hebei Provincial Polio Laboratory(HBPPL) and provide the laboratory data for maintaining polio-free status in Hebei province.Methods The 96-hold Microtest Plate Culture method was applied to detect the sensitivity of poliovirus used in the lab of Hebei Centre for Disease Control and Prevention within 2006-2011.Results The mean value and standard deviation of human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RD was 7.66±0.17 for typeⅠ,6.31±0.18 forⅡand 7.18±0.18 for type Ⅲ.The mean value and standard deviation of the poliovirus-transferred lung cell line from mice was 6.66±0.20 for typeⅠ,6.66±0.19 for type Ⅱ and 6.63±0.10 for type Ⅲ.Compared with the Hebei Sabin Master Reference,the fluctuation of the titre was within ±0.5log10 CCID50/0.1ml in cellular sensitivity tests.Conclusion The sensitivity of the cell line to poliovirus used in HBPPL through 2006-2011 was not dropping.
The incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection

Acute Helicobacter pylori infection invariably passes undetected. Consequently, the incidence of infection has been determined indirectly from epidemiological studies. In adults of industrialized countries, an estimated 0.5% of the susceptible population becomes infected each year. This incidence has been decreasing over time. Thus, adults who currently harbour the organism are more likely to have been infected in childhood than adulthood. The incidence of H. pylori infection continues to be high (between 3% and 10% per year) in developing countries. Throughout the world, incidence of H. pylori infection appears to be higher in children than in adults, possibly due to lower standards of personal hygiene in younger populations.
Impact of Team Integration and Group Cohesion on Project Delivery Performance

AbstractThe architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry is often criticized for its fragmented approach to project delivery. Traditional procurement and contracting intentionally serves to isolate designers from contractors to provide checks and balances, but limits opportunities for collaboration. This research presents a structural modeling approach to studying the role of integration in the performance of building construction projects. A sample data set of 204 completed projects was collected to compare cost, schedule, and quality performance under different delivery methods. Integration of project teams was proposed and tested in the form of two latent constructs—team integration and group cohesion—that mediate the link between delivery methods and performance. More integrated teams interacted with more participants from all levels of the building construction process, from designers to specialty trade contractors. These interactions included design charrettes, joint goal setting, and ...
A direct-conversion transmitter for small-cell cellular base stations with integrated digital predistortion in 65nm CMOS

Network densification and FD MIMO in cellular networks require higher levels of base station integration while still meeting stringent performance requirements. We present a monolithic transmitter with integrated digital predistortion and calibration which allows RF agile, multi-carrier operation and enables efficient small cell and FD MIMO systems to be realized below 24dBm/antenna.
Effect of Ancillary Ligands on Oxidative Addition of CH4 to Ta(III) Complexes Ta(OC2H4)3A (A = B, Al, CH, SiH, N, P): A Density Functional Theory Study

A DFT study of oxidative addition of methane to Ta(OC2H4)3A (where A may act as ancillary ligand) was conducted to understand how A may affect the propensity of the complex to undergo oxidative addition. Among the A groups studied, they can be a Lewis acid (B or Al), a saturated, electron-precise moiety (CH or SiH), a σ-donor (N), or a σ-donor/π-acid (P). By varying A, we seek to understand how changing the electronic properties of A can affect the kinetics and thermodynamics of methane C–H activation by these complexes. For every reaction two transition states (H or CH3 trans to A) leading to two corresponding products were identified. For all A, the TS with H trans to A is favored kinetically; except for SiH and CH, the kinetically favored product is not thermodynamically favored. For the kinetic products, the ΔG⧧ values for A = B, Al are highest among the 2p and 3p elements, respectively. Upon moving from electron-deficient to electron-rich moieties (P and N) the computed C–H activation barrier for the...
Lemony Liz and likable Leslie: audience understandings of feminism, comedy, and gender in women-led television comedies

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I discuss audience understandings of Tina Fey’s 30 Rock, Amy Poehler’s Parks and Recreation, Mindy Kaling’s The Mindy Project, and Lena Dunham’s Girls. While these women and their shows have been written about and analyzed in the popular press and to a lesser extent in scholarly circles, there is a notable absence of research exploring how audiences understand these shows. Through focus group interviews, I explore audience interpretations of these shows that engage—in some form—with feminist discourses and ideas, paying particular attention to how audience members think these women showrunners impact these shows, and how they see feminism playing a role (or not) in these shows. I argue that while these audience members enjoyed the shows, ambivalence permeated their understanding of and relationship to the shows, not only in their perceptions of the shows as feminist, but also resulting from their interpretation of the humor and gender dynamics of the shows. Ultimately, the audience ...
Urinary 4-Pyridoxic Acid, Urinary Vitamin B-6 and Plasma Pyridoxal Phosphate as Measures of Vitamin B-6 Status and Dietary Intake in Adults

As reviewed by Sauberlich (1), a number of studies have been conducted to determine the efficacy of measuring urinary 4-pyridoxic acid and vitamin B-6 excretion levels, as well as plasma pyridoxal phosphate levels, as criteria for assessing vitamin B-6 nutritional status. It has been suggested that urinary vitamin B-6 excretion levels may be reflective only of recent dietary vitamin B-6 intake and may not be indicative of the severity of the deficiency (1).
Genetic algorithm-based improved sampling for protein structure prediction

The quest for efficient sampling algorithms continues to be a demanding research topic due to their wide spread applications. Here, we present an extension of genetic algorithm (GA) to incorporate improved sampling capacity. We develop a fast-navigating genetic algorithm (FNGA) using associated-memory (AM)-based crossover operation which gives more trials with best chromosomes subpart and helps to navigate faster. To mitigate the increased similarity within population, the twin removal genetic algorithm or TRGA is applied. The optimally diverge chromosomes generated by TRGA can introduce potential subpart to enhance the performance of FNGA further. Thus, we combine FNGA and TRGA and named the combination, kite genetic algorithm (KGA). The proposed FNGA and KGA are empirically tested with benchmark functions and the results are found promising. We further employ KGA in the conformational search for the fragment-free protein tertiary structure prediction. The results of ab initio protein structure modelling show that the sampling performance of KGA is competitive.
Abstract 036: The Role Of Spinal Modulation On The Ventricular Electrophysiology In A Porcine Model

Background: Enhanced cardiac sympathetic tone has been associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The spinal cord is an important integrative region of afferent and efferent pathways that participate in cardiovascular regulation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of spinal processing of cardiac afferent information on ventricular electrophysiology during cardiac sympathoexcitation. Methods: Female Yorkshire pigs (n=5) underwent surgical exposure of the heart and left stellate ganglion (LSG) through thoractomy as well as the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord through laminectomy. A 56-electrode sock was placed over the ventricles to record epicardial electrograms. Animals underwent LSG stimulation in intact, after dorsal root transaction (DRTx), and followed by ventral root transaction (DVRTx). Activation recovery intervals (ARIs) were measured at each electrode before and during LSG stimulation. Results: With intact roots LSG stimulation resulted in significant global ARI shortening by 12.9% (p Conclusion: Spinal afferent pathways play an inhibitory role in sympathoexcitation of ventricle induced by LSG stimulation. This finding provides insight into the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia in reducing ventricular arrhythmias.
Building Cultural Bridges and Supporting Prospective Chinese International Students at U.S. Universities

A growing trend among colleges in the U.S. particularly public universities, is their increased recruitment and enrollment of international students, particularly from China. This trend reflects both an inherent recognition of the value of promoting multiculturalism and cultural globalization, along with an effort to generate more revenue and to compensate for the budget shortfalls. In either case, the growing presence of Chinese students at U.S. universities also represents an increasingly common site of transnational intersection between U.S. and Chinese societies. To better illuminate one aspect of this multilevel social dynamic, this paper focuses on the motivations, expectations, and concerns of students in China who are interested in coming to the U.S. to study.
Selective HTTPS traffic manipulation at middleboxes for BYOD devices

HTTPS has become a vital component of the WWW ecosystem. However, today's application-layer middleboxes in the cloud are largely “blind” to HTTPS traffic. We propose a novel system infrastructural solution, called CloudEye, that allows middleboxes to selectively manipulate HTTPS traffic. A key design philosophy of CloudEye is to hide all the complexity from client and server applications (thus being transparent to them) and to have middlebox-related functions managed by a dedicated OS service. CloudEye provides control of what information the middlebox can access through new techniques such as HTTPS tags and shadow connections, without changing the TLS/SSL or HTTP protocol. CloudEye is secure and easy to use. We implemented its prototype on Linux/Android, and demonstrated its low overhead and rich use cases on off-the-shelf mobile devices and cloud servers.
Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis

The scaphoid is the most commonly injured carpal bone. It presents with painful swelling in the wrist or at the base of the thumb classically after a fall on an outstretched hand. Radiographs taken immediately after the injury may be falsely negative. In such cases, follow-up radiographs in 2–3 weeks are beneficial to confirm the diagnosis. On physical examination, tenderness over the anatomical snuffbox and scaphoid tubercle are generally noted. Treatment includes thumb spica cast immobilization for stable, non-displaced fractures or surgical management with screw fixation for unstable, displaced fractures. The most common complications are avascular necrosis, delayed union, or nonunion.
Smart use of smart weapons: jail officer liability for the inappropriate use of tasers and stun guns on pretrial detainees

The US Supreme Court in Kingsley v. Hendrickson (2015) ruled that the use of a taser on a pretrial detainee for not following verbal commands, when the subject was not posing a threat to the security and order of the jail, was objectively unreasonable, unrelated to legitimate penological needs, and that the subjective intent of the officer was not to be taken into consideration. This is a major development in prison law as the US Supreme Court specifically addresses the issue of excessive use of force on pretrial detainees, who are distinct from prison inmates. Here, the objective reasonableness standard used in Graham v. Connor (1989) for excessive use of force by the police was applied to pretrial detainees instead of the Eighth Amendment’s cruel and unusual punishment clause, thus clearly distinguishing pretrial detainees from those already convicted of crimes. Besides this decision, this paper looks at 10 Federal Circuit Court and US District Court cases involving the use of tasers and stun guns by jail officials on pretrial detainees and concludes that more emphasis on the use-of-force continuum or model, during jail officer training would go a long way in guiding in the appropriate use of tasers and stun guns, an intermediate and not an insignificant level of force, in keeping with the US Supreme Court ruling in Kingsley v. Hendrickson (2015).
Short-term thermoneutral housing alters glucose metabolism and markers of adipose tissue browning in response to a high-fat diet in lean mice

Systemic insulin resistance and glucose intolerance occur with as little as 3 days of a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice and humans; the mechanisms that initiate acute insulin resistance are unknown. Mo...
From Legal Theory to Erkenntnistheorie: Ibn Taymiyya on Tawātur as the Ultimate Guarantor of Human Cognition

This article presents and analyzes Ibn Taymiyya’s views on tawātur in uṣūl al-fiqh and as the basis of a generalized epistemological system. In legal theory, Ibn Taymiyya expands the umbrella of what is “functionally equivalent to the mutawātir ,” extending epistemic certainty to a wide range of religious knowledge. More originally, he expands tawātur beyond the realm of transmitted knowledge altogether, making it the final guarantor of all human cognition. Tawātur in this theory reveals the nature of the uncorrupted human intellect, underwriting the integrity even of the basic axioms of reason and the native intuitions of the sound human fiṭra .
Use of Residual Dipolar Couplings in Structural Analysis of Protein-Ligand Complexes by Solution NMR Spectroscopy

Investigation of structure-function relationships in protein complexes, specifically protein-ligand interactions, carry great significance in elucidating the structural and mechanistic bases of molecular recognition events and their role in regulating cell processes. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the leading structural and analytical techniques in in-depth studies of protein-ligand interactions. Recent advances in NMR methodology such as transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy (TROSY) and residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) measured in liquid crystalline alignment medium, offer a viable alternative to traditional nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE)-based approaches for structure determination of large protein complexes. RDCs provide a way to constrain the relative orientation of two molecules in complex with each other by aligning their independently determined order tensors. The potential for utilization of RDCs can be extended to proteins with multiple ligands or even multimeric protein-ligand complexes, where symmetry properties of the protein can be taken advantage of. Availability of effective RDC data collection and analysis protocols can certainly aid this process by their incorporation into structure calculation protocols using intramolecular and intermolecular orientational restraints. This chapter discusses in detail some of these protocols including methods for sample preparation in liquid crystalline media, NMR experiments for RDC data collection, as well as software tools for RDC data analysis and protein-ligand complex structure determination.
Functional Anatomy of the Sense of Agency: Past Evidence and Future Driections

Until the past decade, the sense of agency received very little attention in the field of cognitive neuroscience, despite its relevance to a variety of psychiatric and neurological syndromes associated with abnormalities in the awareness of actions [1]. Yet, compared to other areas of interest in the fields of cognitive and social cognitive neuroscience, the number of studies that have recently investigated or are currently investigating the brain basis of agency can still be considered as minor to moderate. One reason may be that the sense of agency is a topic often left to philosophers and clinicians rather than empiricists; another reason may lie in the complex, multifaceted, and often ill-defined nature of the sense of agency. Nonetheless, advancing methodologies in cognitive neuroscience and conceptual refinements of the sense of agency along with the emergence of interdisciplinary fields such as neurophilosophy have opened up new, intriguing possibilities for investigating the brain basis of agency experience.
Direct Fecal—Oral Transmission of Giardiasis

Giardia are highly adapted to a role as obligatory intestinal luminal parasites, in a variety of warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals including birds (Meyer and Radulescu, 1979). They require no intermediate developmental stage outside of the primary host and are present in an infective form in the feces of the host. The wide distribution of Giardia as parasites throughout the animal kingdom provides evidence that multiple opportunities occur for ingestion of material contaminated by feces containing the infective cysts of Giardia for completion of its life cycle and perpetuation of the species. Infection from ingestion of water contaminated by Giardia cysts has been discussed in Chapter 15. Infection from contamination of water supplies can be solved by technology. A more vexing problem is direct transmission of giardiasis by ingestion of fecally contaminated material. The roots of such direct transmission lie within social institutions, cultural perceptions, and close social and sexual interactions which must be recognized and understood if transmission patterns are to be interrupted.
Hydrodynamics of Prey Capture by Teleost Fishes

The dominant mode of prey capture in teleost fishes is inertial suction: rapid expansion of the mouth cavity creates a negative (suction) pressure relative to the surrounding water. This pressure differential results in a flow of water into the mouth cavity carrying in the prey. Previous models of the suction feeding process have predicted the pattern and magnitude of pressure change in the mouth cavity based on kinematic profiles of jaw bone movement and the application of the Bernoulli equation and the Hagen-Poiseuille relation. These models predict similar pressure magnitudes and waveforms in both the buccal and opercular cavities, and rely on the assumption of a unidirectional steady flow. In vivo simultaneous measurement of buccal and opercular cavity pressures during feeding in sunfishes shows that (1) opercular cavity pressures average one-fifth buccal pressures (which may reach −650 cm H20),(2) the opercular and buccal cavities are functionally separate with distinct pressure waveforms, (3) a flow reversal (opercular to buccal flow) probably occurs during mouth opening, and (4) the kinetic energy of the water and inertial effects must be considered in hydrodynamic models of suction feeding.
Medical Management of the Lung Transplant Recipient: Extrapulmonary Issues

Following transplantation, medical management of the lung transplant recipient is vital for maintaining the health of the allograft and to promote an overall successful outcome after a lung transplant surgery. This includes vigilant and meticulous monitoring for all lung transplant-related issues, including administering appropriate immunosuppression with antirejection medications while monitoring for associated toxicities and drug interactions as well as prompt detection of infection and lung allograft rejection. In addition, there must be full awareness of the many non-pulmonary complications that may arise following lung transplantation, a large number of which are related to immunosuppressant effects or toxicities. Non-pulmonary complications include but are not limited to renal dysfunction, hematologic abnormalities, gastrointestinal complications, neurologic sequelae, oncologic manifestations, and metabolic derangements. While monitoring lung allograft function following transplantation is critical to overall survival, monitoring of the subsequent non-pulmonary complications is also important to avoid increased morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. The lung transplant pulmonologist must assume the role of a very thorough internist for the lung transplant recipient in order to monitor and address the many complications occurring after lung transplantation. This chapter focuses on the medical management of non-pulmonary issues in the lung transplant recipient.
Putative pore-forming subunits of the mechano-electrical transduction channel, Tmc1/2b, require Tmie to localize to the site of mechanotransduction in zebrafish sensory hair cells

Abstract Mutations in transmembrane inner ear (TMIE) cause deafness in humans; previous studies suggest involvement in the mechano-electrical transduction (MET) complex in sensory hair cells, but TMIE’s precise role is unclear. In tmie zebrafish mutants, we observed that GFP-tagged Tmc1 and Tmc2b, which are putative subunits of the MET channel, fail to target to the hair bundle. In contrast, overexpression of Tmie strongly enhances the targeting of Tmc2b-GFP to stereocilia. To identify the motifs of Tmie underlying the regulation of the Tmcs, we systematically deleted or replaced peptide segments. We then assessed localization and functional rescue of each mutated/chimeric form of Tmie in tmie mutants. We determined that the first putative helix was dispensable and identified a novel critical region of Tmie, the extracellular region and transmembrane domain, which mediates both mechanosensitivity and Tmc2b-GFP expression in bundles. Collectively, our results suggest that Tmie’s role in sensory hair cells is to target and stabilize Tmc subunits to the site of MET. Author summary Hair cells mediate hearing and balance through the activity of a pore-forming channel in the cell membrane. The transmembrane inner ear (TMIE) protein is an essential component of the protein complex that gates this so-called mechanotransduction channel. While it is known that loss of TMIE results in deafness, the function of TMIE within the complex is unclear. Using zebrafish as a deafness model, Pacentine and Nicolson demonstrate that Tmie is required for the localization of other essential complex members, the transmembrane channel-like (Tmc) proteins, Tmc1/2b. They then evaluate twelve unique versions of Tmie, each containing mutations to different domains of Tmie. This analysis reveals that some mutations in Tmie cause dysfunctional gating of the channel as demonstrated through reduced hair cell activity, and that these same dysfunctional versions also display reduced Tmc expression at the normal site of the channel. These findings link hair cell activity with the levels of Tmc in the bundle, reinforcing the currently-debated notion that the Tmcs are the pore-forming subunits of the mechanotransduction channel. The authors conclude that Tmie, through distinct regions, is involved in both trafficking and stabilizing the Tmcs at the site of mechanotransduction.
Relativism or tolerance? Defining, assessing, connecting, and distinguishing two moral personality features with prominent roles in modern societies.

OBJECTIVE This work disentangles moral tolerance from moral relativism and reveals their distinct personological meanings. Both constructs have long been of interest to moral philosophers, moral psychologists, and everyday people, and they may play prominent roles in the feasibility of modern diverse societies. However, they have been criticized as devaluing morality and as producing overly permissive societies. Moreover, although they lack necessary conceptual implications for each other, they are easily (and often) conflated. METHOD Three studies included nine samples (total N > 3,200, 40%-50% female, Mage = 38-40, 83% white). Participants completed (online) new measures of moral tolerance and moral relativism, along with measures of 40 additional constructs. RESULTS Results reveal robust psychometric quality of the new measures (the Moral Relativism Scale and the Moral Tolerance Scale), demonstrate that the constructs are empirically overlapping but separable, and highlight their distinct personological networks. Moral relativism was associated with liberal political views and a lowered valuing/enacting of moral values. Moral tolerance was weakly associated with liberal political views but was strongly related to a broad range of both liberal and conservative moral values. CONCLUSION This work yields new tools for investigating moral character, and it reveals the differential meaning of two important moral constructs.
Abstract TMP46: Is There an Effect of Statins on Ischemic Stroke Functional Outcomes in the Oldest Old?

Background: The net health benefit of statin use in the oldest patients remains controversial. Preclinical models and previous clinical studies have suggested statins may exhibit neuroprotective ef...
A review of Long fibre thermoplastic (LFT) composites

Long fibre-reinforced thermoplastic or long fibre thermoplastic (LFT) composites possess superior specific modulus and strength, excellent impact resistance, and other advantages such as ease of pr...
Ionic Liquids and Supercritical Co2

Although ionic liquids (ILs) are organic solvents, They exhibit vanishing small vapour pressures [1,2]. Negligible volatility means that the most prevalent route for escape to the atmosphere and also exposure to workers — evaporation — is absent. Low vapour pressure may also renders these solvents safer, as flash points will be much higher than for traditional organic solvents. The development of water stable ILs (1-ethy1-3- methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-ethy1-3-methy1-imidazolium acetate) in 1992 [3] has led to a dramatic growth in interest in ILs, which may be inherently safer and more sustainable solvents than their volatile cousins. Numerous researchers have shown that ILs are excellent solvents for a variety of industrially relevant reactions, as has been reviewed recently by Welton [4] and Holbrey and Seddon [5].
The Allometry of Nitrogen to Growth and an Inducible Defense under Nitrogen‐Limited Growth

As plants become nitrogen-limited in their growth, carbon/nutrient (C/N) theory predicts a decreasing allocation of nitrogen to nitrogen-intensive defense compounds, while optimal defense (OD) theory predicts an increasing allocation to defense; C/N theory predicts no alteration in allocation to defense after damage if the C:N ratio of the plant does not change, while OD theory does. We compare C/N and OD theory predictions for the inducible nicotine production of a native tobacco, Nicotiana sylvestris. We define allocation as the slope of the ln-ln allometric relationship between whole-plant nicotine and nicotine-free biomass in undamaged and damaged plants, harvested every other day in eight consecutive harvests. Relative growth, nitrogen, and nitrogen in nicotine accu- mulation rates (RGRs, RNARs, and RNicARs) were calculated to estimate the instanta- neous investment of nitrogen in nicotine and in the growth of plant tissues. Nicotine accumulation continues during nitrogen stress, resulting in a 3.29-fold increase in the nicotine pools of undamaged plants, and is accelerated in response to leaf damage, resulting in a 4.06-fold increase in the nicotine pools of damaged plants. Nitrogen pool size did not change after day 2, and both undamaged and damaged plants allocated an increasing proportion of their nitrogen pool to nicotine throughout the experiment. Damage increased the allocation of nitrogen to nicotine; the slope of the In nicotine vs. In nicotine- free biomass regression for damaged plants was significantly greater (16.9%; P < .041) than the slope for undamaged plants as measured during the period of damage-induced nicotine accumulation (days 2-10 after damage). Allocation of nitrogen to nicotine accu- mulation is clearly not a passive function of the nitrogen in excess of growth requirements, and damage increases this allocation. Trade-offs between biomass and nicotine production over the course of the experiment between damaged and undamaged plants were not apparent. However, the short-term estimates indicate otherwise. On day 2, there was a significant decrease in RGR, with a correlated increase in RNicAR in response to damage, suggesting that there was a short- term trade-off between allocation to growth and nicotine accumulation or other induced processes. By the end of the experiment, each damaged plant had accumulated 0.595 mg N in nicotine above that accumulated by undamaged plants, an additional investment repre- senting 1.94% of the total nitrogen pool. However, 2 d after damage, damaged plants allocated 0.131 mg more N to nicotine than undamaged plants, representing a short-term investment of 17.7% of the nitrogen potentially made available by the decrease in RGR (0.740 mg). Plants invest substantial portions of their nitrogen in an induced defense, but our estimates do not include the nitrogen costs of production, storage, transport, detoxi- fication, or the indirect costs of this induced defense.
Families of subharmonic functions and separately subharmonic functions

ABSTRACTWe prove that the upper envelope of a family of subharmonic functions defined on an open subset of RN, (N≥2), that is finite every where, is locally bounded above outside a closed nowhere d...
Unified model of field assisted sintering and related phenomena

Abstract Critical elements of the model are temperature-assisted generation of free electrons, field-assisted transport and trapping of free electrons to generate defects, segregation of defects to dislocations and grain boundaries through elastic and electrostatic interactions, and creation of percolation paths along grain boundaries. There is a critical electric field required to establish these percolation paths, where free electrons-defects-free electrons bootstrapping avalanche occurs, leading to selective Joule heating and localized melting to achieve near theoretical density. The critical field for percolation is a function of microstructure, temperature and time (incubation period), and it is much higher for single crystals than polycrystalline materials.
``Say Man, Back Again: The Singles A’s & B’s, 1959-1962 Plus

Jasmine compiler Bob Fisher has assembled two excellent overviews of Bo Diddley’s recording output between 1955 and 1962. The 54 tunes featured in I’m a Man and Say Man, Back Again are worthy illus...
Polyphosphazene Elastomers with Alkoxy and Trifluoroethoxy Side Groups

Elastomers based on the polyphosphazene skeletal platform are the subject of broad interest from both biomedical and technological viewpoints. Here, we describe a fourth generation of polyphosphaze...
A Novel Time and Space Complexity Efficient Variant of Counting-Sort Algorithm

Sorting is a well-known problem, which is most commonly discussed in Algorithms. Although, there exist many algorithms to solve the sorting problem but Counting-sort algorithm has its own importance due to its linear time-complexity, which is $O(n+k)$ with $2n+k$ space-complexity. Moreover, depending upon the feasibility of input data, It is the most efficient sorting algorithm available in terms of time if $n > k$ holds but a significant value of $k-n$ restricts its usage in practice due to its high memory and computational demands in case of violation. So, in this paper, we have proposed a novel variant of trivial Counting-sort algorithm, which is comparatively not only time but space efficient as well. The time and space complexity of our proposed ARU-Counting-sort algorithm is $O(n+\sqrt{k})$ and $2n+2\sqrt{k}$ respectively.
A change of heart: Transformation of the electrocardiogram in a patient with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Abstract An asymptomatic 83-year-old man with a history of hypertension, prior stroke with no residual deficits, and bilateral carotid artery stenosis, presented for evaluation prior to cataract surgery. His transthoracic echocardiogram was typical for apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM), and his electrocardiograms (ECG) showed large precordial R-waves and inverted T-waves, previously associated with AHCM, while his ECG 7 years earlier was normal. Mechanistic explanations for the developed ECG abnormalities, and their importance for the detection and monitoring of patients with AHCM are provided.
Numerical residual strength prediction of stationary shoulder friction stir welding structures

Abstract The residual strength of a structure made of dissimilar Aluminium panels joined by a stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW) process is predicted by numerical simulation using finite elements including cohesive elements for crack propagation. The yield strength and strain hardening parameters within the stirred zone and adjacent thermo-mechanically affected and heat affected zones are derived from a tensile specimen cut out from the panel perpendicular to the weld seam. The identification is conducted by a hybrid numerical/experimental procedure with an inverse search by help of digital image correlation in order to obtain the strain field at the welded surface and to compare them to the numerical calculation. The crack propagation parameters are retrieved from specimens with crack in the stir zone and heat affected zone on either side. After this identification procedure, the fracture behaviour of a coupon specimen with a crack crossing the weld is predicted.
Unique Compressive Sampling Techniques for Wideband Spectrum Sensing

Dynamic Spectrum Allocation of 5G networks via direct sampling poses significant processing challenges to embedded processing used in Cognitive Radios. This paper proposes two new compressive sampling techniques to reduce both data throughput and hardware complexity, maximizing the potential of direct sampling for spectrum sensing applications.
Library Practices regarding School of Music Recordings: A Survey of Big Ten Institutions

This study examines music library practices regarding School of Music recordings in the Big Ten Academic Alliance. The most significant difference among libraries is between those which accept depo...
Optimal time lags from causal prediction model help stratify and forecast nervous system pathology.

Traditional clinical approaches diagnose disorders of the nervous system using standardized observational criteria. Although aiming for homogeneity of symptoms, this method often results in highly heterogeneous disorders. A standing question thus is how to automatically stratify a given random cohort of the population, such that treatment can be better tailored to each cluster’s symptoms, and severity of any given group forecasted to provide neuroprotective therapies. In this work we introduce new methods to automatically stratify a random cohort of the population composed of healthy controls of different ages and patients with different disorders of the nervous systems. Using a simple walking task and measuring micro-fluctuations in their biorhythmic motions, we combine non-linear causal network connectivity analyses in the temporal and frequency domains with stochastic mapping. The methods define a new type of internal motor timings. These are amenable to create personalized clinical interventions tailored to self-emerging clusters signaling fundamentally different types of gait pathologies. We frame our results using the principle of reafference and operationalize them using causal prediction, thus renovating the theory of internal models for the study of neuromotor control.
Total Stability Functions for Type A $\mathbb {A}$ Quivers

For a quiver Q of Dynkin type $\mathbb {A}_{n}$ , we give a set of n − 1 inequalities which are necessary and sufficient for a linear stability condition (a.k.a. central charge) $Z\colon K_{0}(Q) \to \mathbb {C}$ to make all indecomposable representations stable. We furthermore show that these are a minimal set of inequalities defining the space $\mathcal {T}\mathcal {S}(Q)$ of total stability conditions, considered as an open subset of $\mathbb {R}^{Q_{0}} \times (\mathbb {R}_{>0})^{Q_{0}}$ . We then use these inequalities to show that each fiber of the projection of $\mathcal {T}\mathcal {S}(Q)$ to $(\mathbb {R}_{>0})^{Q_{0}}$ is linearly equivalent to $\mathbb {R} \times \mathbb {R}_{>0}^{Q_{1}}$ .
Research on the user demand important degree of communication equipment based on QFD

QFD is an important means of user-oriented communication equipment research and development, and reasonable determination of the important degree of user demand is the key to ensure the effectiveness of the method. This paper first puts forward the method of acquiring and analyzing the user demand of communication equipment; then the rough set theory is introduced by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the common methods for determining the important degree of user demand, the synthetic coefficient method of rough AHP is designed to calculate the comprehensive important degree of user demand by considering the important degree of survey data; finally considering the factor of users' satisfaction, the method for optimizing the important degree of user demand is proposed based on the KANO mode, which makes it more objective and comprehensive to determine the important degree of user demand.
Understanding and Mitigating Health Inequities - Past, Current, and Future Directions.

Understanding and Mitigating Health Inequities Eliminating racial health inequities requires a movement away from disparities as the focus of research and toward a research agenda centered on achie...
Personalized and Social Commerce

Personalized and social commerce are becoming increasingly prevalent and are transforming how businesses operate and how consumers make choices. The primary goal of this paper is to review the existing literature relating to personalized and social commerce. To accomplish this goal, we first delineate and summarize the definitions of these two related concepts and highlight their intersections and differences. Second, we discuss the economics of personalized and social commerce by presenting the key economic frameworks used to analyze the welfare implications of these ecosystems, such as multi-sided platforms, intermediaries, social media, and other related marketplaces. We review distinct research streams encompassing perspectives from economics, marketing, management, information systems, sociology, and psychology. This paper bridges these distinct bodies of research in order to identify and systematize the evidence relating to the benefits and challenges of personalized and social commerce to both consumers and businesses. Finally, we identify existing limitations and gaps in the literature and discuss directions for future research.