cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of certain intrinsic and extrinsic variables on the acute toxicity of selected organophosphorus insecticides to the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus.

Abstract The acute toxicity of two organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, azinphosmethyl and acephate, was evaluated in the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus. In addition, the effects of certain intrinsic (sex) and extrinsic (salinity and multiple toxicant interraction) variables on the toxic response were also investigated. Azinphosmethyl was by far the most toxic of the two OP insecticides with a 96h LC50 ∼ 100,000 x lower than that for acephate. Slight sex differences were observed in the sensitivity of mummichogs to each of the OP insecticides with male fish being marginally more sensitive. Significant effects of low salinity stress were observed only with acephate exposure and, in this case, low salinity appeared to be slightly protective. In general, all of the insecticide mixtures (azinphosmethyl/endosulfan, azinphosmethyl/fenvalerate and acephate/fenvalerate) tested exhibited simple additive toxicity.
Immunologic unresponsiveness of mouse spleen sensitized to allogeneic tumors.

Abstract CS7BL/6 mice were sensitized with an ip injection of allogeneic P-815 mastocytoma cells. Fifteen days later the spleen cells of the tumor allosensitized mice were cultured and tested for their responsiveness to mitogens and alloantigens, and for their ability to generate cytotoxic cells in vitro. The results indicate that 15 day tumor-sensitized spleen cells are hypo-responsive in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) with DBA/2 or AKR as stimulating spleen cells. The cells which are hypo-responsive in MLC can proliferate in response to mitogens and they also can generate cytotoxic cells in vitro. MLC reactivity recovers in about 2–3 months which is 1 1 2 –2 1 2 months after the mice have rejected their tumors. The mechanism of MLC hypo-responsiveness was investigated. The results suggest the presence of a suppressor cell which does not appear to be a macrophage or a B-cell. The suppressor cell can be separated from the cytotoxic cell and therefore appears to be a noncytotoxic T-cell.
DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE ANT-FOOD BODIES (BECCARIIAN BODIES) OF MACARANGA TRILOBA AND M. HYPOLEUCA (EUPHORBIACEAE)

Macaranga is a common secondary growth tree of S.E. Asia. Nine species possess hollow stems which harbor an ant colony, and also produce food bodies which are eaten by the ants. In return, the ants protect the plant from herbivore damage. The multicellular food bodies of M. triloba (Bl.) Muell. Arg. are developed on the underside of down-turned clasping stipules, while in M. hypoleuca (Reichb. f. and Zoll.) Muell. Arg. they are produced on the abaxial surface of young leaves. Food body cells of both species are very rich in lipid, contain large starch grains, and possess an electron-dense hyaloplasm. It is proposed to name the Macaranga ant-food bodies Beccariian bodies in honor of the Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari who explored S.E. Asia in the late 1800s. THE GENUS Macaranga Thou. (Euphorbi
Edge junction SQUIDs and multilayers using high Tc superconductors

Abstract Multilayer edge junction SQUIDs have been fabricated using epitaxial, laserablated films of YBaCuO for both elctrodes. The barrier region is defined by a low voltage plasma oxy-flouridation step. The SQUIDs are patterned using photolithography and ion milling and devices have been made with linewidths as small as 2μm. The edge junction SQUIDs have exhibited very low magnetic hysteresis values of ≤ 50 ppm.
Von Raf fler-Engel, Walburga and Robert H. Hutcheson, Jr., Language Intervention Programs in the United States 1960/1974

La programoj de interveno en la kreskon de la lingvo de infanoj daure kreskas lasta-tempe. Rezulte, administrantoj de programoj kaj ilia personam pli urge bezonas scion de la teorioj, eksperimentoj kaj programoj de lingva interveno.La unua capitro ekzamenas la teorion de lingva interveno generale. La dua pritraktas lingvon kaj dialektojn. La problemo de oficiala kaj neoficiala lingvoj formas la centron de unu el la multaj polemikoj en ci tiu kampo de esplorado. La metodoj ricigi la mankan lingvon estas la temo de la tria capitro. Jen du aliroj: unu centrigas ce la lingvo kaj la alia ce la infano. En la kampo de la lingvo kaj penso (la kvara capitro) la kontribuoj de Piaget dominas. Li argumentas, ke la infano uzas la lingvon por elprovi la propran koncepton de la realo. La lingvo kaj la hejmo estas la temo de la kvina capitro. Gi emfazas la metodojn instrui al la patrinoj pri lingvo-konceptoj. La sinteno al aliaj lingvoj (la sesa capitro) formas unu interesan parton rilate al du-lingvismo kaj dialektismo. En Usono la problemo estas unika, car nur tie oni forte rekomendas la plenan asimiligon kaj lingvan unuformecon. La instruplano en programoj de lingva interveno traktas pri la multaj uzoj de la komunikiloj en la klas-cambro. La koncepto de lingvo estas prezentita en la sepa capitro, verkita por ne-lingvistoj, kaj la monografio finigas per vasta bibliografio.Ci tiu monografio provizas valoran servon al studentoj, administrantoj kaj esplorantoj. La cefa kontribuo de la libro konsistas en sia taksado de la bibliografio pri la temo. Rezulte, la verko estas bona fonto de scio kaj helpilo en la universitata uzo.
Correction of mandibular prognathism by mandibular setback and advancement genioplasty

The goal of surgical-orthodontic treatment of mandibular prognathism is to achieve maximum function, esthetics and stability. These objectives were achieved in 10 adults who manifested a specific type of mandibular prognathism. The patient group under study, who manifested a relatively contour deficient chin and prominent lower lip, and class III malocclusion, was treated by orthodontics and mandibular setback in concert with advancement genioplasty. The advancement genioplasty technique was accomplished by maintaining as much soft tissue pedicle as possible to the repositioned chin. A near one-to-one ratio of soft tissue-to-osseous change was achieved in the patient group under study with the use of the described genioplasty technique in combination with mandibular setback by intraoral vertical ramus osteotomies.
Sleep characteristics in Goldenhar Syndrome.

Abstract Objective To examine the characteristics of sleep in patients with Goldenhar Syndrome. Design Retrospective review of all polysomnography studies conducted at the University of North Carolina Hospitals between 2003 and 2013 on patients carrying the diagnosis of Goldenhar's Syndrome. Results A preponderance of patients demonstrated severe obstructive sleep apnea and hypercapnia. Conclusions Patients with Goldenhar Syndrome should be screened for sleep apnea and hypercapnia.
Life histories of hyperplastoid cell lines from aorta and skin

Abstract The properties of hyperplastoid and neoplastoid cell lines are reviewed. A preliminary characterization of monkey aortic smooth muscle cultures as hyperplastoid cell lines is presented, with emphasis upon their finite replicative life spans and their differentiation from skin fibroblast cultures. The results indicate that the growth potential of cells of the thoracic aorta is greater than those of the abdominal aorta, although the interpretation is complicated by the emergence of cytopathogenic effects, presumably related to latent simian viruses. The possible relevance of the clonal senescence of smooth muscle cells to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is discussed.
Microbiological preparation of 3H‐labelled methane

Small quantities of tritiated methane were prepared by fermenting [methyl-3H] methylamine hydrochloride using exponential phase, transiently starved, co-cultures of methanogenic bacteria. This method gave the expected 75% yield of C3H4 from the substrate and produced H2-free, low 3H2O background C3H4 for tracer studies.
Antifungal activity of amidoxime surface functionalized electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers

Abstract Amidoxime surface functionalized polyacrylonitrile (ASFPAN) nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution followed by surface treatment in hydroxylamine aqueous solution. The interaction between ASFPAN nanofibrous mat and fungus (yeast) was investigated for the first time and viability of yeast cells on the nanofibrous mat was evaluated. The biological assay revealed that yeast cells died on the ASFPAN nanofibrous mats after 30 min of contact while they were still alive on both of PAN and ASFPAN cast film. The observations indicated that differentiated cell adhesion on ASFPAN nanofibrous mat might be the reason for the death of yeast cells.
Growth hormone binding to tissues of normal and stunted juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch

The premature transfer of juvenile Coho salmon into seawater results in high mortality and a reduction of growth (stunting) of a significant portion of the population while the remainder of the salmon continue to grow normally. Binding studies were conducted with I25I-labelled tilapia (Sarotherodon mossambicus) growth hormone (tGH) to determine if differences in specific binding of tGH existed in membrane preparations of tissues of stunted and normal coho salmon. Membrane preparations of both liver and gill of stunted salmon obtained from stocks in California, Washington and British Columbia and kidney membrane preparations obtained from stunted salmon in California exhibited deficiencies in 125I-labelled tGH-binding sites compared to corresponding membrane preparations of normal smolts. These results indicate that stunted coho salmon have a decreased ability to bind GH which may be reflected in perturbations in GH-mediated processes.
Relationships between fecal culture, ELISA, and bulk tank milk test results for Johne's disease in US dairy herds

Objectives were to estimate percentages of seropositive herds with cows shedding Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in feces and milk, and to estimate sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of an ELISA relative to fecal culture. Dairy cows (n = 712) were randomly selected from 61 herds previously identified by ELISA as positive for Johne's disease. Fecal and bulk tank milk samples (n = 52 of 61 herds) were obtained from 10 states in the United States. Fecal samples were processed by a double centrifugation, double decontamination culture procedure. Milk samples were processed for both culture and DNA analysis by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 24 herds with at least three cows that had tested ELISA-positive, 79% were also culture-positive, compared with 18 of 37 herds with one or two ELISA-positive cows. Both fecal-culture and ELISA results were available on 651 cows; only 25% of cows that were fecal-culture positive also tested positive by ELISA and over 6% of cows that were fecal-culture negative tested ELISA-positive. Milk samples all cultured negative, but analysis of milk samples by PCR resulted in 68% of herds positive for M. paratuberculosis DNA including 24 of 31 herds with positive fecal cultures and 11 of 21 herds with negative fecal cultures. Sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA compared with fecal culture is lower than previously reported and perhaps best used in screening herds because of limited efficacy to predict infection in individual cows. In addition, contamination of bulk tank milk samples with M. paratuberculosis does occur in seropositive herds, even in some with negative fecal cultures.
Measurement of fission product gases in the atmosphere

Abstract The ability to quickly detect and assess the magnitude of releases of fission-produced radioactive material is of significant importance for ongoing operations of any conventional nuclear power plant or other activities with a potential for fission product release. In most instances, the control limits for the release of airborne radioactivity are low enough to preclude direct air sampling as a means of detection, especially for fission gases that decay by beta or electron emission. It is, therefore, customary to concentrate the major gaseous fission products (krypton, xenon and iodine) by cryogenic adsorption for subsequent separation and measurement. This study summarizes our initial efforts to develop an automated portable system for on-line separation and concentration with the potential for measuring environmental levels of radioactive gases, including 85 Kr, 131,133,135 Xe, 14 C, 3 H, 35 S, 125,131 I, etc., without using cryogenic fluids. Bench top and prototype models were constructed using the principle of heatless fractionation of the gases in a pressure swing system. This method removes the requirement for cryogenic fluids to concentrate gases and, with suitable electron and gamma ray detectors, provides for remote use under automatic computer control. Early results using 133 Xe tracer show that kinetic chromatography, i.e., high pressure adsorption of xenon and low pressure desorption of air, using specific types of molecular sieves, permits the separation and quantification of xenon isotopes from large volume air samples. We are now developing the ability to measure the presence and amounts of fission-produced xenon isotopes that decay by internal conversion electrons and beta radiation with short half-lives, namely 131m Xe, 11.8 d, 133m Xe, 2.2 d, 133 Xe, 5.2 d and 135 Xe, 9.1 h. The ratio of the isotopic concentrations measured can be used to determine unequivocally the amount of fission gas and time of release of an air parcel many kilometers downwind from a nuclear activity where the fission products were discharged.
Piezohydraulic Actuation for Next Generation Microjet Flow Control

This paper describes the development of a new piezohydraulic actuator for integration into a microjet flow control device. The actuator utilizes a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) stack actuator and a hydraulic amplification design to achieve relatively large displacements required to control flow through a microjet. Displacement amplification of 81 times the stack actuator displacement was achieved using a dual-diaphragm design that seals the fluid within the device. The nonlinear field-coupled structural dynamics and fluid behavior of the actuator is predicted using a system dynamic model and compared with experimental results. It is shown that minor loop hysteresis of the piezoelectric stack actuator and nonlinear deformation of the diaphragm play an important role in the piezohydraulic displacement amplification.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Prospects for identifying the sources of the Galactic cosmic rays with IceCube

We quantitatively address whether IceCube, a kilometer-scale neutrino detector under construction at the South Pole, can observe neutrinos pointing back at the accelerators of the Galactic cosmic rays. The photon flux from candidate sources identified by the Milagro detector in a survey of the TeV sky is consistent with the flux expected from a typical cosmic-ray generating supernova remnant interacting with the interstellar medium. We show here that IceCube can provide incontrovertible evidence of cosmic-ray acceleration in these sources by detecting neutrinos. We find that the signal is optimally identified by specializing to events with energies above 30 TeV where the atmospheric neutrino background is low. We conclude that evidence for a correlation between the Milagro and IceCube sky maps should be conclusive after several years.
Are physical activity and employment related to preterm birth and low birth weight

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the validity of published studies that consider modifying physical activity during pregnancy to decrease preterm births and low birth weight. Study Design: Presented is a critical review of extant literature, both case-control studies and studies of pregnant women followed up in cohort fashion. Results: Studies both showing and not showing an association between employment and adverse outcome exist. However, no randomized trials have been reported. The most plausible associations exist for prolonged standing, long working hours, and lifting heavy objects. Conclusion: Until the biologic basis of parturition is known, definitive conclusions are probably not possible. Proposals to require pregnancy leave for all employees seem premature. However, physicians must be sensitive to dilemmas faced by some employees and encourage voluntary leave for those placed in positions characterized by occupational fatigue.
Severe atherosclerotic coronary arterial narrowing and chronic congestive heart failure without myocardial infarction: Analysis of 18 patients studied at necropsy

Abstract Observations are reported on 18 patients (aged 38 to 73 years ([mean 58]; 16 [89%] men) studied at necropsy who had had chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) more than 3 months In duration, >75% cross-sectional area (XSA) narrowing of 1 or more of the 4 major epicardial coronary arteries, and no left ventricular fibrosis or necrosis. Duration of symptoms from onset of CHF to death ranged from 0.3 to 13 years (mean 5.7). Angina pectoris occurred In 2 patients (11%). The mode of death was CHF in 12 (67%), sudden (arrhythmia) In 5 (28%), and emboli in 1 (5%). Heart weight ranged from 410 to 890 g (mean 632). Of 72 major epicardial coronary arteries (right, left main, left anterior descending, left circumflex) in the 18 patients, 30 (42%) were narrowed 76 to 100% In XSA by atherosclerotic plaque (right = 10, left main = 0, left anterior descending = 9 and left circumflex = 11). A mean of 1.7 of 4 major epicardial coronary arteries per patient were narrowed 76 to 100% in XSA by atherosclerotic plaque. In 10 patients, each 5-mm segment of the 4 major coronary arteries was examined histologically (mean 53 per patient): 23 segments (3%) were narrowed 96 to 100 % in XSA by atherosclerotic plaque; 58 (11%), 76 to 95; 93 (18%), 51 to 75 6k; 209 (40%), 26 to 50%, and 146 (28%), 0 to 25%. Left and right ventricular thrombi were found in 9 patients (50%); of the 9 patients, 1 had a systemic embolus; of the 9 patients without intraventricular thrombi, none had systemic emboli. Because grossly visible myocardial lesions were absent, the severe chronic CHF in these 18 patients cannot reasonably be attributed to coronary artery disease. It is most reasonable to believe that this group of patients had Idiopathic dilated cardlomyopathy and the coronary artery disease was coincidental.
Community teaching hospital surgical experience with adult intussusception: Study of nine cases and literature review

Introduction Although more commonly thought of as a surgical problem affecting children, surgeons evaluating the adult acute abdomen should remain vigilante in diagnosing intussusception. In this case series, we reviewed 6 years of medical records at a community teaching hospital in order to analyze the etiology, presentation, and management of nine cases of adult intussusception.
Distribution of calcium carbonate in pelagic sediments

Abstract Statistical analysis of 1,350 pelagic sediment samples indicates that on a worldwide basis water depth correlates poorly with CaCO 3 percentage of sediments. When the data are grouped into 1,000 m intervals, correlations between percent CaCO 3 and water depth are not greatly improved. Grouping the data first by latitudinal ranges and then by geographic areas only improves correlations sporadically. When nearshore data are excluded to remove the effects of clastic influx, correlations between percent CaCO 3 and depth improve. This exclusion raises the correlation between percent CaCO 3 and water depth to—0.620, meaning that water depth, predicts about 40% of the variability in CaCO 3 percentage of pelagic sediments. Neither variations in CO 2 concentration nor supposed rates of inorganic CaCO 3 solution appear to be satisfactory explanations for this moderate correlation between percent CaCO 3 in pelagic sediments and water depth. We suggest that adsorbtion of organic molecules to carbonate particles may prevent or inhibit carbonate-sea water interactions.
Two-ion-interaction and crystal-field effects on the resistivity and susceptibility of hybridizing cerium systems

We have studied the influence of the crystalline field and the two-ion anisotropic interaction on the static susceptibility and electrical resistivity of moderately hybridizing cerium systems. We transform the hybridization into a band-f resonant scattering, and to calculate the resistivity we treat the scattering in third-order perturbation theory for ionic levels split by the crystal-field and two-ion interactions. For CeBi and CeSb we include effects associated with transitions between different magnetic structures. The calculated resistivity matches the main features of the experimental behavior: a negative-temperature-slope resistivity above the N\'eel temperature (${T}_{N}$) and a very rapid drop below ${T}_{N}$; however, for CeBi the present calculations yield a smaller temperature slope above ${T}_{N}$ than experiment. For the inverse static susceptibility, in good agreement with experiment, we obtain Curie-law behavior in the paramagnetic regime and a very rapid increase in the magnetically ordered regime.
C-Reactive Protein, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and Orthopedic Implant Infection

Background C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) have been shown to be useful for diagnosis of prosthetic hip and knee infection. Little information is available on CRP and ESR in patients undergoing revision or resection of shoulder arthroplasties or spine implants. Methods/Results We analyzed preoperative CRP and ESR in 636 subjects who underwent knee (n = 297), hip (n = 221) or shoulder (n = 64) arthroplasty, or spine implant (n = 54) removal. A standardized definition of orthopedic implant-associated infection was applied. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to determine ideal cutoff values for differentiating infected from non-infected cases. ESR was significantly different in subjects with aseptic failure infection of knee (median 11 and 53.5 mm/h, respectively, p = <0.0001) and hip (median 11 and 30 mm/h, respectively, p = <0.0001) arthroplasties and spine implants (median 10 and 48.5 mm/h, respectively, p = 0.0033), but not shoulder arthroplasties (median 10 and 9 mm/h, respectively, p = 0.9883). Optimized ESR cutoffs for knee, hip and shoulder arthroplasties and spine implants were 19, 13, 26, and 45 mm/h, respectively. Using these cutoffs, sensitivity and specificity to detect infection were 89 and 74% for knee, 82 and 60% for hip, and 32 and 93% for shoulder arthroplasties, and 57 and 90% for spine implants. CRP was significantly different in subjects with aseptic failure and infection of knee (median 4 and 51 mg/l, respectively, p<0.0001), hip (median 3 and 18 mg/l, respectively, p<0.0001), and shoulder (median 3 and 10 mg/l, respectively, p = 0.01) arthroplasties, and spine implants (median 3 and 20 mg/l, respectively, p = 0.0011). Optimized CRP cutoffs for knee, hip, and shoulder arthroplasties, and spine implants were 14.5, 10.3, 7, and 4.6 mg/l, respectively. Using these cutoffs, sensitivity and specificity to detect infection were 79 and 88% for knee, 74 and 79% for hip, and 63 and 73% for shoulder arthroplasties, and 79 and 68% for spine implants. Conclusion CRP and ESR have poor sensitivity for the diagnosis of shoulder implant infection. A CRP of 4.6 mg/l had a sensitivity of 79 and a specificity of 68% to detect infection of spine implants.
Reward perceptions and the performance of emerging technology dependent and non-technology dependent manufacturing firms

This exploratory research investigates the relationship between employees' perceptions of the reward climate and the growth and profitability of emerging technology dependent and non-technology dependent manufacturing firms. The perception of being rewarded for innovation is positively related to the growth of emerging technology dependent manufacturing firms, but negatively related to the growth of non-technology dependent manufacturing firms. The perception of being rewarded for conformity is positively related to the profitability of technology dependent firms and the growth of non-technology dependent firms.
Panel Discussion of User Requirements for the Web-Accessible Gen IV Materials Handbook

Development for a web-accessible, interactive materials handbook has been planned for materials selection, design, and construction of the Generation IV Nuclear Reactors. A panel discussion will be held among potential users and the handbook development planners on functionality requirements for the handbook.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
A political theory of the CIA

(1998). A political theory of the CIA. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 57-72.
Effects of managed care market penetration on physicians’ labor supply decisions

Abstract This paper examines data from a 1991 nationally representative survey of physicians under the age of 45 to evaluate the effects of HMO enrollment growth and the changing demographic composition of the physician work force on physicians’ choice of practice setting (employee versus self-employment) and annual hours of work. Our results indicate that HMO market penetration has a significant negative effect on the probability of self-employment for all physicians and the sub-samples of both specialists and generalists. Furthermore, increasing HMO market share has a significant negative effect on annual hours of work of all physicians and generalists but has only negligible effects on the work effort of specialists. Using these parameter estimates, we predict that a 100% increase in HMO market share decreases the probability of being self-employed by 23.5% for all physicians, 28% for specialists, and 21% among generalists. Controlling for self-employment, a doubling of the percentage of the population enrolled in HMOs reduces the annual hours of work by 4.9% for all physicians and by 6.8% among generalists. In contrast, HMO market penetration has only trivial effects on the work effort of specialists. We also find that the gender gap in hours between male and female physicians still persists. This gap is 17.7 to 19.6% for female physicians with young children, but is much smaller—5.5 to 8.5%—for women without young children.
The Application of Economic Evaluation Methods in the Chronic Pain Medicine Literature

BACKGROUND: The relative efficiency of a health care intervention or health status improvement realized for a given amount of resources expended can be determined using cost-effectiveness analysis or cost-utility analysis. METHODS: An extensive chronic pain-focused search was undertaken of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCI-EXPANDED databases. A total of 1822 unique citations were generated, with 142 studies subsequently categorized as incorporating one of seven recognized types of health care economic evaluation. RESULTS: Of the 142 identified chronic pain-related economic evaluations published between 1988 and 2006, 30 incorporated a cost-effectiveness analysis and 29 incorporated a cost-utility analysis. The data are consistent with the previously reported chronological pattern of an increased overall diffusion of cost-utility analysis studies from the general medical and health services research literature into the medical subspecialty journals. However, only a few studies combined the economic analysis alongside a randomized controlled trial, the economic end-points in the trials had limited time horizons, and there was failure to address the protracted costs versus benefits of treating long-term and often recurrent chronic pain conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Although it would appear worthwhile for researchers and clinicians to consider cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis in their trial designs and treatment algorithms for chronic pain conditions, methodological improvements can be made in trial designs.
On the Eastern Borderlands of Iran: The Baluch in Nineteenth-Century Persian Travel Books

During the late nineteenth century, as Iran’s eastern borderlands were being demarcated, Persian officials and administrators from the reigning Qajar Dynasty traveled to the eastern frontier province of Baluchistan to survey its land, people, and culture. Through the writing of travel books (safarnama) they depicted the cultural differences and ethnicities on the periphery of Iran. Travel narratives attempted to define and make coherent the diverse terrains, identities, and cultures on Iran’s frontiers. Based on a reading of a number of neglected safarnama on the province of Baluchistan, this article explores Qajar imperial perceptions of Iran’s eastern borderlands. At the heart of these perceptions of the frontier was the ethnic identity of the Baluch tribes, an autonomous nomadic population on the edge of the empire. Following a discussion of a number of travel books on Baluchistan written between the 1860s and 1890s, this article will detail the four-month journey of Firuz Mirza Farman Farma (1817–86), the Qajar provincial governor of Kirman and Baluchistan, on the frontier in 1880. Through the travel book of Farman Farma, Safarnama-yi Kirman wa Baluchistan, we are given a view of environment, ethnicity, and culture on the eastern Iranian frontier.
Finite-Rank Free Metabelian Subgroups of Finitely Presented Metabelian Groups

A sufficient condition is obtained for the residual torsion-free nilpotence of certain finitely presented metabelian groups that arise from a matrix representation developed by Magnus (1939,Ann. of Math.40, 764–768) for metabelian groups. Using this condition and a construction due to Baumslag (1973,J. Austral. Math. Soc.16, 98–110), we prove that a free metabelian group of finite rank can be embedded in a finitely presented metabelian group that is also residually torsion-free nilpotent.
Novel fabrication methods for 2D photonic crystals in silicon slab waveguides

In this paper we present the development of several new and novel fabrication methods for the realization of two-dimensional photonic crystal devices in silicon slab waveguides. We begin by presenting a process for the fabrication of high fill-factor devices in silicon-on-insulator wafers. Next, we present a grayscale fabrication process for the realization of three-dimensional silicon structures, such as tapered horn couplers. We then present the fabrication of suspended silicon slabs using a co-polymer process based on direct write electron beam lithography and silicon sputtering. And lastly, we conclude by presenting an alternate method for realizing PhC devices in a silicon slab based on a combination of wet and dry etching processes in bulk silicon wafers.
Analysis of responses to hAmylin, hCGRP, and hADM in isolated resistance arteries from the mesenteric vascular bed of the rat.

Abstract Responses to human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP) and human adrenomedullin (hADM) hAmylin were investigated in isolated mesenteric resistance arteries from the rat. The results of the present investigation show that hCGRP, hAmylin, and hADM induce dose-related vasodilator responses in isolated resistance arteries from the rat mesenteric vascular bed. Vasodilator responses to hCGRP and hAmylin were not altered after denuding the vascular endothelium, after administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NA, or after administration of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ, suggesting that vasodilator responses to hCGRP and hAmylin are not mediated by the release of nitric oxide from the vascular endothelium and the subsequent increase in cGMP. Vasodilator responses to hCGRP, hAmylin, and hADM were not altered by the vascular selective K+ATP channel antagonist U-37883A. The role of the CGRP1 receptor was investigated and responses to hCGRP and hAmylin, but not hADM, were significantly reduced following administration of hCGRP-(8–37). Moreover, vasodilator responses to hCGRP and hAmylin, but not hADM, were significantly reduced by hAmylin-(8–37), suggesting that an hAmylin-(8–37)-sensitive receptor mediates responses to hCGRP and hAmylin in the rat mesenteric artery. These data suggest that hCGRP and hAmylin have direct vasodilator effects in the isolated mesenteric resistance artery that are mediated by hAmylin-(8–37)- and hCGRP-(8–37)-sensitive receptors.
Automatic piecewise linearization in ideal plasticity

Abstract A method is proposed for constructing a piecewise linear approximation to an arbitrary yield function. The approximation is constructed in the course of solving a given boundary value problem. Its use is illustrated with some simple examples.
Toxic CO-ingestions in Intentional Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Abstract Background Intentional carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is responsible for two-thirds of the deaths from CO poisoning in this country and an estimated 15,000 Emergency Department visits annually. Objectives In an attempt to optimize medical management of such patients, this study was conducted to examine the frequency and types of toxic co-ingestions that may accompany CO inhalation. Methods Records of all patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen for acute, intentional CO poisoning at a regional referral center for hyperbaric medicine in Seattle from 1980 to 2005 were reviewed. For those where co-ingestions were identified, information about type of poison(s) and results of toxicology screens was recorded and analyzed. Results Over the 25-year period examined, 433 patients were treated for intentional CO poisoning and records were available for 426. Of those, 188 (42%) had ingested one or more poisons in addition to CO. Ethanol was most common, but a wide variety of other drug classes were also identified. Toxicology screening studies of some type were performed in 49 patients. Conclusions Toxic co-ingestions seem to be relatively common in patients treated for intentional CO poisoning. For this reason, providers should be vigilant and open to clinical signs that can’t be explained with CO exposure alone, and ready to treat clinical issues that arise from co-ingestions.
Variation in PCSK9, low LDL cholesterol, and risk of peripheral arterial disease.

Abstract Background We hypothesized that variants in PCSK9 that lower LDL cholesterol levels are associated with reduced prevalence and incidence of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Methods The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study assessed risk factors and PCSK9 variants Y142X and C679X (relevant to blacks) and R46L (relevant to whites) in a cohort of 45–64-year olds in 1987–1989 ( n =13,634). Prevalent PAD ( n =619 cases) was defined by an ankle-brachial index n =895) was identified from 1987 to 1998 by the same PAD criteria or a PAD hospitalization. Results As expected, greater LDL cholesterol was a risk factor for prevalent and incident PAD. 2.4% of blacks and 3.1% of whites were carriers of one of the race-specific PCSK9 variants. Carriers had lower prevalence of PAD compared with non-carriers (2.3% vs. 4.6%). The corresponding age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio of PAD was 0.47 (95% confidence interval, 0.24–0.92). In contrast with the cross-sectional findings, there was no association between PCSK9 variants and incident PAD (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio, 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.76–1.57)). Conclusions Our study provides mixed evidence that variation in PCSK9 may contribute to genetic risk of PAD.
Patients' perceptions of nursing care in the hospital setting

Background. Patient satisfaction and patient satisfaction with nursing care data are routinely collected as an indicator of the quality of services delivered. Despite the widespread collection and reporting of these data, the theoretical basis of patient satisfaction and patient satisfaction with nursing care remains unclear. Without a clear theoretical base, interpretation of patient satisfaction findings is hampered and the entire line of patient satisfaction research is of questionable validity. It has been suggested that, to understand patient satisfaction, patient perceptions of their care must first be understood. Aim. The aim of this study was to discover patients’ perceptions of the nursing care they receive in the hospital setting. Method. Grounded theory method was used in this study of eight medical–surgical patients recently discharged from an academic medical centre in the south-eastern United States of America (USA). Participants were interviewed and the verbatim transcripts analysed using the constant comparative method. Findings. Four categories of patient perceptions of their nursing care emerged from the data. ‘Seeing the individual patient’ captures the unique nature of the nursing care experience for each patient. ‘Explaining’ represents the informal explanations given by nursing staff as they provide care. ‘Responding’ refers to both the character and timeliness of nursing staff's responses to patient requests or symptoms. ‘Watching over’ represents the surveillance activities of nursing staff. Conclusions. The categories identified in this study may be used in efforts to further develop a formal theory of patient satisfaction with nursing care. These categories should also be tested with patients possessing a wider range of characteristics, to assess the transferability of the findings.
Abstract 523: Chaetoglobosin K inhibits VEGF expression in ovarian cancer cells.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Ovarian cancer is the 5th leading cause of cancer deaths for women in America. In search for an effective reagent for prevention and treatment of ovarian cancers, we looked into a mycotoxin, chaetoglobosin K (ChK), and investigated its potential of angioprevention in two ovarian cancer cell lines. Cell viability and necrosis were checked with MTS- and LDH-based assays, respectively, and expression of several genes was analyzed by ELISA or Western Blotting. We found this mycotoxin dramatically toxic, sharply reducing cell viability at concentrations of 0.6 to 13 microM, and causing necrosis in both OVCAR-3 and A2780/CP70 cells at 2 microM. However, when applied at low concentrations (0.5 -2 microM), ChK effectively reduced expression of VEGF and HIF-1-alpha proteins, and inhibited phosphorylation of Akt signaling molecules. While further study on ChK is underway, we hypothesize a potential mycotoxin for prevention and treatment of ovarian cancers. Citation Format: Yi C. Chen, Haitao Luo, Zachary Douglas, Shannon Stewart, Zhaoliang Li. Chaetoglobosin K inhibits VEGF expression in ovarian cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 523. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-523
Carboxypeptidase-type kininase of human kidney and urine.

Abstract : A carboxypeptidase was partially from purified human urine and a similar or identical enzyme was extracted from a particulate fraction of the kidney. The enzyme cleaved basic C-terminal amino acids of peptides including bradykinin. The inhibition of the human renal/urinary carboxypeptidase was different from that of plasma carboxypeptidase N (kininase I) or pancreatic carboxypeptidase B. The urinary enzyme was not affected by inhibitors of catheptic enzymes or kininase II and has no carboxypeptidase A activity. The urinary/renal carboxypeptidase had a mol wt of 40,000. The urinary carboxypeptidase did not cross-react with antiserum to human pancreatic carboxypeptidase B. These properties distinguish carboxypeptidase of human urine and kidney from plasma carboxypeptidase N and from pancreatic carboxypeptidase B. (Author)
Immunocytochemical localization of lingual lipase in serous cells of the developing rat tongue.

The ontogeny of the rat lingual serous and mucous glands was explored by light and electron immune microscopy using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and streptavidin-gold techniques. Tissues from fetal and neonatal rats from day 18 of gestation through 4 wk after birth were fixed and embedded in paraffin or Epon for light and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Electron microscopy revealed that the only cells containing lingual lipase were the developing serous cells; secretory granules containing lingual lipase of varying degrees of maturity were seen. Mucous cells did not show immunospecific staining in rats of any age. The neonatal “mixed” lingual glands secrete lingual lipase from serous components immediately after birth to aid in fat digestion.
Supergravity as the messenger of supersymmetry breaking

A systematic study is made of theories in which supergravity is spontaneously broken in a ''hidden'' sector of superfields that interact with ordinary matter only through supergravity. General rules are given for calculating the low-energy effective potential in such theories. This potential is given as the sum of ordinary supersymmetric terms involving a low-energy effective superpotential whose mass terms arise from integrating out the heavy particles associated with grand unification, plus supersymmetry-breaking terms that depend on the details of the hidden sector and the Kaehler potential only through the values of four small complex mass parameters. The result is not the same as would be obtained by ignoring grand unification and inserting small mass parameters into the superpotential from the beginning. The general results are applied to a class of models with a pair of Higgs doublets.
Effect of piperonyl butoxide post-treatment on acetaminophen hepatotoxicity☆

L'administration retardee de butoxide de piperonyl diminue la severite de l'intoxication hepatique provoquee par l'acetaminophene
Establishment and characterization of androgen‐independent human prostate cancer LNCaP cell model

BACKGROUND The acquisition of an androgen-independent phenotype is the most serious issue of prostate cancer treatment. Although several experimental cell models have been reported for studying androgen independence, they have limited applications related to hormone-refractory prostate cancer. To investigate the molecular mechanism of androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer, we established a useful LNCaP cell model that resembles the clinical scenario of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. METHODS Androgen-sensitive LNCaP parental cells were continuously maintained in a regular cell-culture medium, that is, phenol red–positive RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum and 1% glutamine. Upon passage, the androgen responsiveness of those cells decreased, to a level lower than that of parental cells. We examined the growth properties and androgen responsiveness of these different LNCaP cells in vitro and in vivo. Cytogenetic characteristics and expression of androgen receptors (ARs) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were determined. RESULTS Upon continuous passage, the biological behavior of parental C-33 cells (passage number less than 33) was altered. C-81 cells (passage number higher than 81) clearly exhibited more aggressive growth and lower androgen responsiveness than C-33 and C-51 cells (passage number between 35 and 80) in vitro and in vivo. Nevertheless, all these cells expressed a similar level of functional AR protein as well as a similar genetic profile. Moreover, in a steroid-reduced culture condition, C-81 cells secreted a higher level of PSA than C-33 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our LNCaP cell model closely recapitulates the progression of human prostate cancer from the androgen-responsive to the hormone-refractory state under the androgen nondeprived condition. This cell model may provide the opportunity to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with the acquisition of androgen independence during human prostate cancer progression. Prostate 50: 222–235, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Method for a two dimensional honeypot to deter web bots in commerce systems

The security of web applications is an ongoing dilemma. Hackers and bots are getting more and more innovative in bypassing the various defensive tools implemented to enforce security. e-Commerce Applications, such as those used for the transaction processes, could be in a placed in a position of not providing a fair chance to all consumers because because can interact more quickly. This is especially true when a commerce site offers hot inventory items where many traders are competing to get a limited supply item. The e-Commerce site's security is compromised when some traders utilize pre-formatted scripts or spiders to place orders, thus giving them an unfair advantage The problem is: how to eliminate scripts/spiders in a given web application flow by using a solution that is difficult to crack while requiring no additional actions taken by the end user. Our paper introduces an innovative multi-layer approach to honeypots where cashing or bypassing the honeypot is technically impractical.
Impact of Symptom Prevalence and Symptom Burden on Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure

Background: Heart failure is an escalating health problem around the world. Despite significant scientific advances, heart failure patients experience multiple physical and psychological symptoms that can impact the quality of life.Aims: To determine the (1) symptom prevalence, severity, distress and symptom burden in patients with heart failure; (2) impact of age and gender on symptom prevalence, severity, distress and symptom burden; and (3) impact of symptom prevalence and symptom burden on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with heart failure.Methods: A convenience sample of 53 heart failure patients participated in this descriptive, cross-sectional design. Symptoms and HRQOL were measured using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale—Heart Failure and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire.Results: Patients experienced a mean of 15.1 ± 8.0 symptoms. Shortness of breath and lack of energy were the most prevalent. Difficulty sleeping was the most burdensome symptom. Lower a...
Numerical model of a multiple-grating interferometer

A numerical model of a multiple-grating interferometer is presented. The foundation of the model is an efficient algorithm that computes the propagation of a wave governed by the Helmholtz equation between two parallel planes in O(N log N) time, where N is the number of transverse sample points. The algorithm provides a large improvement in computational time over O(N2) brute-force approaches and has the advantage that the computational time increases linearly with the number of planes in the interferometer. The model is applied to a three-grating atom interferometer to calculate the loss of contrast in the interference signal as a function of longitudinal grating misposition and to investigate the effects of wide beam-collimating slits.
Fine structure of (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucan from Zea shoot cell-walls

Abstract The insoluble material that remains after extraction of Zea shoots with cold buffer was treated successively with 3 m LiCl and hot water. The polysaccharides solubilized by these treatments were mostly (1→3),(1→4)-β- d -glucans. The β- d -glucan from the hot-water-soluble fraction was hydrolyzed by Bacillus subtilis (1→3),(1→4)-β- d -glucan 4-glucanohydrolase. The oligosaccharides were characterized by methylation analysis of the enzymic fragments and by methylation analysis of secondary fragments generated by treatment of the isolated oligosaccharides with Streptomyces QM B814 cellulase. The results demonstrate that the native polysaccharide consists mainly of cellotriosyl and cellotetraosyl residues joined by single (1→3) linkages. Evidence is presented to show that certain other glucosyl sequences are also present in the native polysaccharide including ( a ) two, three, or four contiguous (1→3)-linkages; ( b ) blocks of more than four (1→4)-linked glucose residues; ( c ) regions having alternating (1→3)- and (1→4)-linkages.