cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 15-Gb/s 0.5-mW/Gbps Two-Tap DFE Receiver With Far-End Crosstalk Cancellation

This paper presents a low-power receiver with two-tap decision feedback equalization (DFE) and novel far-end crosstalk (FEXT) cancellation capability, implemented in a 45-nm SOI CMOS process. The receiver employs a half-rate speculative DFE architecture to allow for the use of low-power front-end circuitry and CMOS clock buffers. In the proposed architecture, a switched-capacitor sample-hold at the front-end is employed to perform DFE tap summation. This technique is generalized to implement n taps of equalization. The receiver compensates the effect of crosstalk without making a decision on the received aggressor signal. Due to the low-power nature of the switched-capacitor front-end, the crosstalk cancellation is possible with only 33 μW/Gbps/lane power overhead. The receiver was tested over channels with different levels of loss and coupling. The signaling rate with BER <; 10-12 was significantly increased with the use of DFE and crosstalk cancellation scheme for highly coupled and lossy PCB traces. The DFE receiver equalizes 15-Gb/s data over a channel with more than 14-dB loss while consuming about 7.5 mW from a 1.2-V supply. At lower data rates it equalizes channels with over 21-dB loss.
Tree Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality, and Mineral Partitioning in ‘Pacific Gala’ Apple as Affected by Rootstocks and Irrigation Methods

ABSTRACT The objectives of this project were to study the influence of rootstocks and two irrigation systems on tree growth, fruit yield, quality at harvest, and mineral partitioning in ‘Pacific Gala’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.). The rootstocks used in this study were B.9, RN-29, Supporter 4 and G.30. The irrigation regimes were drip and sprinkler. ‘Pacific Gala’ on Supporter 4 rootstocks had 47% more developing spurs than those on RN-29 and B.9 rootstocks. Trees on Supporter 4 had 12% more total limb length than those on other rootstocks. ‘Pacific Gala’ on B.9 had 8% more shoot leaf N than those on Supporter 4 and G.30 rootstocks, and 6% more spur leaf N than those on Supporter 4 rootstocks. Trees on B.9 rootstock had 29% lower spur leaf K than those on other rootstocks. Sodium, Al, Fe, Cu, and Zn in spur leaves of ‘Pacific Gala’ were unaffected by rootstocks. The total limb length and number of developing spurs were similar for trees watered with either irrigation system. Trees receiving sprink...
The Paradox of Access to Civil Justice: The 'Glut' of New Lawyers and the Persistence of Unmet Need

This article, written for a collection of essays by law school deans, reviews the existing data on unmet needs for legal services for both poor and moderate-income people, the distribution of lawyers in the U.S., and current efforts to fill the needs. It then explores possible roles for law schools and argues that access to civil justice and economic survival for law school graduates are intertwined. We know that the vast majority of lawyers in the U.S. work in small community practices where individual and family legal needs are most often addressed. At the same time, there appears to be a market failure between the growing supply of lawyers and the unmet need for legal services in these communities. Current efforts in law schools to expand experiential education, encourage pro bono activities and develop incubators are important, but law schools also need to focus on the costs of legal education, reforming curriculum, engaging fully in access to justice discussions, addressing gaps in our knowledge regarding legal practice and unmet needs, and assisting in developing scalable models to expand access to justice. We might then be able to develop solutions that simultaneously expand the availability of legal services and help to create meaningful work for our graduates.
Toxemias of Pregnancy and the Inulin-Diodrast Clearance Tests

SummaryResults of inulin and diodrast clearance tests performed on 52 pregnant or post-partum Ifemales are presented. Eclampsia is the only toxemia which sometimes shows a decreased kidney function as evidenced by a diminution in the clearance of inulin and diodrast. The filtration fraction is normal in all toxemias of pregnancy.
Microbore Liquid Chromatography of Tertiary Amine Anticholinergic Pharmaceuticals with Tris(2,2'-bi-pyridine)ruthenium(III) Chemiluminescence Detection

The post-column chemiluminescent reaction of six anticholinergic alkaloid compounds with tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(III) (Ru(bpy) 3 3+ ) is applied to microbore high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At flow rates less than 200 μL/min, the capillary mixing cell in which Ru(bpy) 3 3+ and the analyte are mixed directly allows for good light detection. In contrast, a diminished signal occurs at these low flow rates with conventional postcolumn mixing in a tee. Optimal chemiluminescent pH conditions for atropine, scopolamine, dicyclomine, cyclopentolate, cyclobenzaprine, and procyclidine are determined at moderately basic conditions (pH 7 to 9). 2-Butanone is found to be compatible with the chemiluminescent reaction, whereas tetrahydrofuran and propionitrile cause an increase in background noise and a chemiluminescent signal loss. As 2-butanone is more nonpolar than acetonitrile, it assists in the elution of these hydrophobic anticholinergic compounds. Five anticholinergic compounds are resolved successfully with a PRP-1 polymeric column and a slightly basic mobile phase, but a C 8 silica column is better suited for the more hydrophobic compounds (cyclobenzaprine, procyclidine, and dicyclomine)
Feeding Stimulants from Plants for Larvae of the Tobacco Budworm and Bollworm

Water extracts of corn kernels and crude and rancid crude cottonseed oil from glanded and glandless cotton were effective feeding stimulants for larvae of the tobacco bud worm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and the boll worm, H. zea (Boddie). Cotton squares extracted with water stimulated more feeding than squares extracted with several other solvents. Water extracts of cotton prepared from flower pollen; ethanol solutions of quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and rutin; and acetone preparations of the commercial oils of corn, cottonseed-soybean, safflower, peanut, and olive all stimulated feeding moderately.
Control and Monitoring System for an Inductively Coupled Plasma Torch System

A 30 kW inductively coupled plasma torch (ICP) facility been has recently developed at the University of Vermont to conduct research in the testing of new materials to be used for the thermal protection systems for the next generation of space exploration vehicles. The objective of this work was to develop a PC-based control and monitoring system that would automate control system inputs and data collection from outputs of the ICP torch. The control software selected was National Instrument’s Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench, LabVIEW. A control and monitoring system was designed that was able to meet the following requirements: (1) Adjust and record the flow rate of up to five mass flow rate controllers during startup and operation of the torch. (2) Use a bypass valve to control and maintain pressure between a specified range at the chamber exhaust. (3) Measure and record the cooling water temperature (seven separate thermocouples) and having an exhaust temperature warning system for the user when upper or lower limits are reached (4) Incorporate shielding to protect all system components and wiring from electromagnetic interference produced by the 30 kilowatt power supply. The control and monitoring system improves the operation of the plasma torch facility, allowing a single operator to control and monitor the system from a computer interface.
Three methods of contrast and analysis for predicting the reserves of oil and gas

The accurate forecast of oil and gas reserves plays an important role in oilfield exploitation.This paper contrasts and analyzes the methods for predicting the reserves of oil and gas,and evaluates by sorting.The result indicates that the gray model is the effective method;different oilfield needs different forecast method,and when the reserves are predicted,use as many methods as possible in order to achieve the highest accuracy.
Thirty years of research show alcohol to be a cause of intimate partner violence: Future research needs to identify who to treat and how to treat them

Research over the past 30 years has demonstrated that excessive alcohol use meets all of the epidemiological criteria for causality. While neither a necessary nor a sufficient cause, excessive alcohol use does contribute to the occurrence of partner violence and that contribution is approximately equal to other contributing causes such as gender roles, anger and marital functioning. Current theories of how excessive drinking results in partner violence provide a potentially valuable framework with respect to who should be targeted for interventions with respect to alcohol-related partner violence and what those interventions should address.
Sleep-related electrodermal activity patterns in impotent patients

The etiology of erectile failure is not always clear despite the fact that recordings of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) are used to detect patients with a significant organic component to their complaint. We recorded electrodermal activity in addition to NPT in 60 impotent patients. Normally more electrodermal activity occurs in stage 2 than in stage REM sleep. Despite a similar total amount of electrodermal activity, organically impotent patients tended to have less electrodermal activity in stage 2 and more in stage REM sleep than those with normal NPT. This difference was due to a subgroup of 15 organically impotent patients with less electrodermal activity in stage 2 than in stage REM sleep. Because of this difference in the pattern of electrodermal activity in relation to sleep stages, the results suggest a central nervous system change is related to impaired erectile capability and abnormal NPT in these cases.
Abstract 1552: Nucleotide excision repair gene expression in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia is a predictor of early relapse

Double strand break repair and its relationship with genomic instability have been well studied in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL). In contrast, base repair mechanisms, such as Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) have not been well characterized in ALL. The NER pathway addresses base damage resulting in helix distortion and replication stalling, making it important for all types of cancer. Since increased NER is a known mechanism of chemotherapeutic drug resistance, we hypothesize that there will be an increase in the expression of the NER genes at the time of relapse in ALL patients. We have studied the role of NER in ALL by secondary analysis of 2 independent gene expression microarray studies performed by Staal et al. (Set A, GSE18497) and Hogan et al. (Set B, GSE28460). Both studies analyzed matched samples of ALL patients at diagnosis and relapse (41 and 49 pairs, respectively). In Set A we found that 17/20 NER genes have higher expression at the time of relapse, than at the time of diagnosis. 4 of these genes were individually significant. However, in a subset analysis of these data sets, based on the time to relapse, patients who have early ( 3 years) relapse gave distinct results. In Set A, 18/20 NER genes were upregulated at the time of diagnosis in the early relapse group vs. the late relapse group. 4 genes were individually significantly increased. In set B, NER gene expression at the time of diagnosis of patients in the early relapse group was increased in all 20 NER genes when compared to the late relapse group. 7 genes showed individually significant increases in expression. In addition patients in the late relapse group showed an increase in expression of many of the NER genes at time of relapse when compared to time of diagnosis. In conclusion, there are two types of ALL. Early relapsing ALL manifests high NER gene expression at diagnosis with little change at relapse. Late relapsing ALL manifests low NER gene expression at diagnosis with substantial increase at the time of relapse. NER gene expression at the time of diagnosis may allow us to predict which patients are at greatest risk for earlier relapse. This will allow pharmacogenomic targeting of each type of ALL. Citation Format: Omar Ibrahim, Homood As Sobeai, Stephen G. Grant, Jean J. Latimer. Nucleotide excision repair gene expression in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia is a predictor of early relapse. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1552.
Union Strikes and the Impact of Non-Financial Stake Holders on Capital Structure

Leverage affects the relative bargaining power between firms and labor unions and, consistent with this, we find that unions are more likely to engage in a strike during contract negotiations if firm leverage has decreased in the preceding years. In response to a strike, firms increase leverage by actively repurchasing equity and issuing debt. This re-levering is most pronounced when unions win the strike, and is consistent with the idea that firms use leverage to bolster their bargaining power prior to the next contract negotiation. When companies win the strike, they do not increase leverage, consistent with the idea that they are satisfied with their bargaining position.
Toward Metal–Organic Framework-Based Solar Cells: Enhancing Directional Exciton Transport by Collapsing Three-Dimensional Film Structures

Owing to their ability to act as light-harvesting scaffolds, porphyrin-containing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are in the forefront of research on the application of highly ordered molecular materials to problems in solar-energy conversion. In this work, solvent-assisted linker exchange (SALE) is performed on a pillared paddlewheel porphyrin containing MOF thin film to collapse a 3D framework to a 2D framework. The change in dimensionality of the framework is confirmed by a decrease in the film thickness, the magnitude of which is in agreement with crystallographic parameters for related bulk materials. Furthermore, NMR spectroscopy performed on the digested sample suggests a similar change in geometry is achieved in bulk MOF samples. The decreased distance between the porphyrin chromophores in the 2D MOF film compared to the 3D film results in enhanced energy transfer through the film. The extent of energy transport was probed by assembling MOF thin film where the outermost layers are palladium porphy...
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Objectives To examine the risk associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) of conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and specifically Alzheimer's disease (AD). Design Observational, longitudinal study. Setting Tertiary academic Alzheimer's Disease Centers funded by the National Institute on Aging. Participants Research volunteers aged 50 and older with two to six annual visits; 884 were taking PPIs at every visit, 1,925 took PPIs intermittently, and 7,677 never reported taking PPIs. All had baseline normal cognition or MCI. Measurements Multivariable Cox regression analyses evaluated the association between PPI use and annual conversion of baseline normal cognition to MCI or dementia or annual conversion of baseline MCI to dementia, controlling for demographic characteristics, vascular comorbidities, mood, and use of anticholinergics and histamine-2 receptor antagonists. Results Continuous (always vs never) PPI use was associated with lower risk of decline in cognitive function (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.66–0.93, P = .005) and lower risk of conversion to MCI or AD (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69–0.98, P = .03). Intermittent use was also associated with lower risk of decline in cognitive function (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76–0.93, P = .001) and risk of conversion to MCI or AD (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.74–0.91, P = .001). This lower risk was found for persons with normal cognition or MCI. Conclusion Proton pump inhibitors were not associated with greater risk of dementia or of AD, in contrast to recent reports. Study limitations include reliance on self-reported PPI use and lack of dispensing data. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results to guide empirically based clinical treatment recommendations.
Influence of Hydrophobicity on Polyelectrolyte Complexation

Polyelectrolyte complexes are a fascinating class of soft materials that can span the full spectrum of mechanical properties from low-viscosity fluids to glassy solids. This spectrum can be accessed by modulating the extent of electrostatic association in these complexes. However, to realize the full potential of polyelectrolyte complexes as functional materials, their molecular level details need to be clearly correlated with their mechanical response. The present work demonstrates that by making simple amendments to the chain architecture, it is possible to affect the salt responsiveness of polyelectrolyte complexes in a systematic manner. This is achieved by quaternizing poly(4-vinylpyridine) (QVP) with methyl, ethyl, and propyl substituents—thereby increasing the hydrophobicity with increasing side chain length—and complexing them with a common anionic polyelectrolyte, poly(styrenesulfonate). The mechanical behavior of these complexes is compared to the more hydrophilic system of poly(styrenesulfonate...
On the feasibility of cloud-based SDN controllers for residential networks

Residential networks are home to increasingly diverse devices, including embedded devices that are part of the Internet of Things phenomenon, leading to new management and security challenges. However, current residential solutions that rely on customer premises equipment (CPE), which often remains deployed in homes for years without updates or maintenance, are not evolving to keep up with these emerging demands. Recently, researchers have proposed to outsource the tasks of managing and securing residential networks to cloud-based security services by leveraging software-de ned networking (SDN). However, the use of cloud-based infrastructure may have performance implications. In this paper, we measure the performance impact and perception of a residential SDN using a cloud-based controller through two measurement studies. First, we recruit 270 residential users located across the United States to measure residential latency to cloud providers. Our measurements suggest the cloud controller architecture provides 90% of end-users with acceptable performance with judiciously selected public cloud locations. When evaluating web page loading times of popular domains, which are particularly latency-sensitive, we found an increase of a few seconds at the median. However, optimizations could reduce this overhead for top websites in practice.
The Pivot: How Founders Respond to Feedback through Idea and Identity Work

Efforts to incorporate external feedback are central to the process of entrepreneurship and to that of creative work more broadly, yet, because individuals may view aspects of their creative ideas ...
Liquid Milk Products | Recombined and Reconstituted Products

A wide range of dehydrated dairy products (various whole-milk powders, skim-milk powders, and whey powders) are produced by the spray-drying process and account for about 15% of global milk production. Some reconstituted milk powders are used for direct consumption but the vast majority are used as ingredients, sometimes after reconstitution, in products such as infant formulae, milk chocolate, meat products, or bakery products, or reconstituted and further processed into other dairy products, such as ultrahigh-temperature- or in-container-sterilized milk, sweetened condensed milk, or cheese; for many of these applications, specially prepared milk powders are required. Milk powders serve as major products for the storage of surplus milk for periods of shortage or for the transfer of milk from regions of surplus production to regions with a deficit, usually for climatic reasons, of milk. Large modern dryers are very efficient, both technologically and economically.
Statistical change detection of building energy consumption: Applications to savings estimation

Abstract The surge in interval meter data availability and associated activity in energy data analytics has inspired new interest in advanced methods for building efficiency savings estimation. Statistical and machine learning approaches are being explored to improve the energy baseline models used to measure and verify savings. One outstanding challenge is the ability to identify and account for operational changes that may confound savings estimates. In the measurement and verification (M&V) context, ‘non-routine events’ (NREs) cause changes in building energy use that are not attributable to installed efficiency measures, and not accounted for in the baseline model's independent variables. In the M&V process NREs must be accounted for as ‘adjustments’ to appropriately attribute the estimated energy savings to the specific efficiency interventions that were implemented. Currently this is a manual and custom process, conducted using professional judgment and engineering expertise. As such it remains a barrier in scaling and standardizing meter-based savings estimation. In this work, a data driven methodology was developed to (partially) automate, and therefore streamline the process of detecting NREs in the post-retrofit period and making associated savings adjustments. The proposed NRE detection algorithm is based on a statistical change point detection method and a dissimilarity metric. The dissimilarity metric measures the proximity between the actual time series of the post-retrofit energy consumption and the projected baseline, which is generated using a statistical baseline model. The suggested approach for NRE adjustment involves the NRE detection algorithm, the M&V practitioner, and a regression modeling algorithm. The performance of the detection and adjustment algorithm was evaluated using a simulation-generated test data set, and two benchmark algorithms. Results show a high true positive detection rate (75%-100% across the test cases), higher than ideal false positive detection rates (20%-70%), and low errors in energy adjustment (
FEMALE SIGNAL VARIATION IN THE ANOLIS LEMURINUS GROUP

Within the lizard genus Anolis, color variation in the dewlap, an important signaling trait, can indicate local adaptation or divergence between populations. Most research on anole dewlaps has taken aim at males rather than females. Despite several publications of unrelated lizard genera with links between female signal color polymorphisms and fecundity, variation in female anole dewlaps has received less inquiry. We compiled dewlap photographs of females from several populations of the Anolis lemurinus group, characterized color variants through visual assignment, and tested for associations of dewlap color to body size and dewlap area. We describe the first case of polymorphic dewlap color in females and relatively monomorphic dewlap color in males within a group of anoles. Our survey found that female dewlap color variation in the group is more similar between geographically proximate northern populations of A. lemurinus and A. bicaorum than between populations ascribed to A. lemurinus from different regions. Additionally, we provide evidence that female body size in this group may correlate with dewlap coloration. Our findings support the need for further taxonomic research within the A. lemurinus group, as well as research into the potential mechanisms driving and maintaining color polymorphism in female signaling traits.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms and Bullying Victimization among Children with Autism in the United States.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience more frequent bullying victimization compared to their neurotypical peers. This study used the 2011 Survey of Pathways to Diagnosis and Services to examine associations between six Children's Social Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ) subscales and bullying victimization among 1057 children with ASD. Bivariate results showed significant correlations between each CSBQ subscale and more frequent bullying victimization. Yet results from multinomial logistic regression models indicated that after adjusting for all CSBQ subscales and covariates, two of the CSBQ subscales remained significantly associated with greater risk of bullying victimization: not being optimally tuned to the social situation, and resistance to changes. Implications for future research and efforts toward reducing bullying victimization among children with ASD are discussed.
Nuclear PRP20 protein is required for mRNA export.

Abstract The yeast PRP20 protein is highly homologous in structure and function to the RCC1 protein of higher eukaryotes. The RCC1 protein is involved in the regulation of the onset of mitosis, whereas the PRP20 protein was shown to be required for accurate and efficient mRNA metabolism. The first observable phenotype in mutant prp20 cells when shifted from permissive to non-permissive temperature is a loss of nuclear PRP20 protein. Concomitantly, an accumulation of poly(A)+ RNA in the nucleus is observed. The temperature-sensitive RCC1 allele in the mutant hamster cell line tsBN2 leads to a similar accumulation of mRNA in the nucleus.
Transcriptional mediators of treatment resistance in lethal prostate cancer

Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is primarily treated with therapies that prevent transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (AR), cause DNA damage, or prevent cell division. Clinical resistance to these therapies, including second-generation androgen-targeting compounds such as enzalutamide and abiraterone, is nearly universal. Other treatment modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, have provided minimal benefit except in rare subsets of patients. Both tumour intrinsic and extrinsic cellular programs contributing to therapeutic resistance remain areas of active investigation. Here we use full-length single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify the transcriptional states of cancer and immune cells in the mCRPC microenvironment. Within cancer cells, we identified transcriptional patterns that mediate a significant proportion of inherited risk for prostate cancer, extensive heterogeneity in AR splicing within and between tumours, and vastly divergent regulatory programs between adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma. Moreover, upregulation of TGF-β signalling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were both associated with resistance to enzalutamide. We found that some lymph node metastases, but no bone metastases, were heavily infiltrated by dysfunctional CD8+ T cells, including cells undergoing dramatic clonal expansion during enzalutamide treatment. Our findings suggest avenues for rational therapeutic approaches targeting both tumour-intrinsic and immunological pathways to combat resistance to current treatment options.
Magnetic Moment of N 13

The spin and magnetic moment of 10-minute N/sup 13/ was measured by the atomic beam magnetic resonance method. A continuous flow source was used. N/sup 14/ was bombarded in melamine powder by 18-Mev protons and the resulting N/sup 13/ was flushed with neon. It was then neutralized and passed through a machine consisting of a series of magnets. Finally, the atoms were collected on titanium foils and the positron activity was counted. N/sup 13/ atoms were produced mainly in the /sup 4/S/sub 3/2/ state, nuclear spin was 1/2, and the hyperfine structure separation, DELTA nu , was 33.2 plus or minus 0.3 Mc/sec. Data on the magnetic moments of pairs of mirror nuclei are tabulated, and it is shown that the mesonic current contributions in N/sup 13/ and C/sup 13/, if they exist, obey the mirror principle. (L.N.N.)
Clinical and genetic analysis of novel 17q12 microdeletion syndrome

目的 探讨生长发育迟缓并多发畸形患儿的遗传学病因及临床表型。 方法 应用常规G显带技术分析1例生长发育迟缓并多发畸形患儿及其父母的外周血染色体，应用CytoScan 750K微阵列分析患儿及父母拷贝数变异。 结果 患儿临床表型包括特殊面容、身材矮小、精神发育迟缓、糖尿病等。患儿及父母常规染色体核型分析正常。CytoScan 750K微阵列分析结果检测提示：患儿arr[hg19]17q12(34 822 465－36 410 559)X1缺失1.6 Mb，提示为17q12微缺失综合征，父母芯片结果正常，提示为新生突变。 结论 通过CytoScan 750K微阵列分析确诊了1例生长发育迟缓并多发畸形17q12微缺失患儿，为明确生长发育迟缓患儿的诊断及遗传咨询提供重要线索。
Once We Fought: The Rise of the Ex-Yu 1960s Progressive Rock Music Scene, Indexi, and the Influence of The Beatles

This article explores the 1960s early Yugorock music scene in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, with a particular focus on the band Indexi (Indices), which was formed in Sarajevo in 196...
Use of color-coded, three-dimensional-printed equine carpus models is preferred by students but does not result in statistically different academic performance.

Radiology can be a challenging subject for students and finding new techniques that help improve their understanding could have positive effects in their clinical practice. The purpose of this prospective experimental study was to implement the use of color-coded, three-dimensional-printed, handheld equine carpus models into a radiographic anatomy course and evaluate the impact objectively and subjectively using quizzes and student response surveys. A first-year veterinary class was randomly divided into two similarly sized groups (groups A and B) for an equine normal radiographic anatomy laboratory. Both groups experienced the same laboratory structure; however, each student in group B received a handheld three-dimensional-printed equine carpus. Both groups received a quiz at the end of their laboratory consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions related to the equine carpus. An anonymous survey regarding the laboratory was emailed to students after the laboratory. One week later, the same 10 questions in randomized order were administered via a pop-quiz. Students believed both quizzes would count toward their final course grade. There was no statistically significant difference in grades between groups on either quiz (P > .05). However, based on survey responses, group B students felt the carpus made the laboratory more enjoyable and improved their comprehension of the material, whereas group A students felt the carpus would have increased their enjoyment and improved their comprehension. The implementation of three-dimensional-printed anatomic models may be useful to enhance enjoyment and perceived comprehension of veterinary students; however, there is currently insufficient evidence to suggest these models improve academic performance.
Association between early recurrences of atrial tachyarrhythmias and long-term outcomes in patients after repeat atrial fibrillation ablation.

Early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia (ER) is predictive of late recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia (LR) after first-time atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, but the association in patients undergoing repeat AF ablation is unknown. We aim to determine the incidence and prognostic significance of ER after repeat ablation. A total of 259 consecutive patients (mean age 64 years, 75.3% male) undergoing repeat AF ablation with complete follow-up data were included at a single institution from 2010 to 2015. ER and LR were defined as atrial tachyarrhythmia (AF, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia) > 30 s within the 3-month blanking period (BP) and after the 3-month BP, respectively. ER occurred in 79/259 (30.5%), and LR occurred in 138/259 (53%) at a median follow-up of 1221 (IQR: 523–1712) days. Four-year freedom from LR was 22% and 56% in patients with and without ER, respectively (p < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, ER was strongly associated with LR, cardioversion post BP, and repeat ablation, but not associated with hospitalization. Compared to those with no ER, there was a higher risk of LR when ER occurred within the first month of the BP [month 1: hazard ratio (HR) 2.32, confidence interval (CI) 1.57–3.74, p < 0.001; month 2: HR 2.01, CI 1.13–3.83, p = 0.02; month 3: HR 1.46, CI 0.5–3.36, p = 0.37], however the prediction of LR based on timing within the BP was poor (area under curve 0.64). Following repeat AF ablation, ER is strongly associated with LR, cardioversion post BP, and repeat ablation.
Rickettsia Typhi Peptidoglycan Mapping with Data-Dependent Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Rickettsia species are the etiological agents for many arthropod-borne illnesses. R. typhi is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular pathogen responsible for endemic typhus. Subunits of peptidoglycan are pattern recognition receptor ligands partially responsible for activation of the innate immune response to bacterial insult. Host detection of R. typhi cell envelope glycoconjugates remains poorly defined. In this work, peptidoglycan from R. typhi was digested and the resultant subunits were analyzed by two different, complementary, sample preparation methods each of which was subjected to LC/MS analysis to infer structure. R. typhi peptidoglycan was determined to be similar to most other Gram-negative bacteria, with mDAP-type muropeptide subunits. However, additional alanine residues were observed elongating the muropeptide stems, rather than the glycine residues usually observed in Gram-negative bacterial peptidoglycan. Despite this deviation, R. typhi, and likely all Rickettsiae, contain a murein layer that should agonize host cellular peptidoglycan receptors and be susceptible to peptidoglycan-targeting antimicrobials.
The accuracy of the TRICKS MRI in diagnosing and localizing a spinal Dural arteriovenous fistula: A Feasibility Study.

Abstract: Purpose Spinal Vascular Malformations (SVM) are a heterogenous group of vascular abnormalities. The gold standard for diagnosis of SVMs is the spinal digital subtraction angiography (DSA) which can be challenging sometimes because of the large number of segmental arteries that need to be catheterized and the limitations in term of contrast volume used and fluoroscopy time. We will be describing and comparing the use of the time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) sequence and the DSA in the diagnosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) in our institution. Methods It is a retrospective cohort study of 27 patients who had a TRICKS MRI followed by a DSA for the diagnosis of their SDAVFs between November 2003 and November 2021. Results 19 (70.4%) patients were positive for a SDAVF on both TRICKS MRI and DSA. Out of those 19, 9 (47.4%) were in the exact location on both TRICKS MRI and DSA while 10 (52.6%) were in different locations. With respect to the 10 patients who had discrepancies in their SDAVF localization between the two modalities, 9 (90%) patients had a 1-level difference and 1 (10%) had a 2- level difference. Conclusion TRICKS MRI represents an accurate screening tool to be performed before a spinal DSA in order to guide the interventionalist to focus on the correct level plus / minus 2 levels, this extra noninvasive screening tool will decrease the risk of a kidney injury from an overuse of contrast and minimize the fluoroscopy/radiation overexposure.
GABA—Peptide Neurons of the Primate Cerebral Cortex

The presence in the mammalian cerebral cortex of the classical neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and its synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), has been known for a relatively long time (Awapara et al. 1950; Roberts and Fenkel, 1950; Albers and Brady, 1959). In recent years, immunocytochemistry has revealed the existence of a large population of neurons immunoreactive for both GAD and GABA in the cortex of a wide variety of mammals (Ribak, 1978; Hendry and Jones, 1986; Emson and Hunt, 1981; Hendrickson et al. 1981; Peters et al. 1982; Hendry et al. 1983a; Houser et al. 1983b, 1985; Bear et al. 1985; Lin et al. 1985). Recent quantitative assessments in the monkey cortex indicate that approximately 25% of the neuronal population in any cortical area is GABA- or GAD-immunoreactive (Hendry et al. 1987). The point has also been made (Jones and Hendry, 1986; Fig. 1) that probably all the morphological varieties of intrinsic cortical neurons, except the population of small, putatively excitatory, dendritic-spine-covered neurons of layer IV, are GABA-immunoreactive. The several varieties of pyramidal neurons in the cortex are undoubtedly excitatory also and a good case can be made for their use of glutamate as a transmitter (Cotman et al. 1981; Streit, 1984; Donoghue et al. 1985).
Capacitive synapses for microelectronic neural networks

It is shown that the synaptic function of nonadaptive neural networks can be implemented with a single capacitor. The resulting synaptic matrix, being devoid of active devices, offers not only very high space efficiency, but also negligible DC power, perfectly linear dendritic functionality, negligible process noise, and simple and fast sensing. The generic capacitor matrix is analyzed on the bases of dendritic charge conservation, and the results are used to design a double-poly CMOS feedforward classifier which is capable of correcting any 3-bit error occurring in a set of 30 16-bit code-patterns. Each synapse occupies a 16.5 mu m*10 mu m field-oxide space for the very conservative 3 mu m rules used in this particular design. Electrical performance is verified through simulation. >
A sample path analysis of the M_t/M_t/c queue

The exact transient distribution of the queue length of the M_t/M_t/1 single server queue with time-dependent Poisson arrival rate and time-dependent exponential service rate was recently obtained by Zhang and Coyle l63r in terms of a solution to a Volterra equation. Their method involved the use of generating functions and complex analysis. In this paper, we present an approach that ties the computation of these transient distributions directly to the random sample path behavior of the M_t/M_t/1 queue. We show the versatility of this method by applying it to the M_t/M_t/c multiserver queue, and indicating how it can be applied to queues with time-dependent phase arrivals or time-dependent phase service.
A Review of “The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness”

This review centers on the ways in which Alexander compares the mass incarceration of African American men to the Jim Crow laws that maintained racial inequities after the Civil War. The punitive m...
Electronic properties of the metallic perovskite LaNiO3: Correlated behavior of 3d electrons.

Low-temperature electrical resistivity, specific heat, and magnetic measurements have been performed on the distorted perovskite ${\mathrm{LaNiO}}_{3}$. The electrical resistivity shows a linear temperature dependence at high temperatures and an ${\mathit{AT}}^{2}$ dependence below \ensuremath{\sim}50 K. The static paramagnetic susceptibility is nearly Pauli-like with an additional small Curie-law contribution in the range 100--300 K, and shows stronger temperature dependence at lower temperatures. The specific heat can be represented as \ensuremath{\gamma}T+\ensuremath{\beta}${\mathit{T}}^{3}$+\ensuremath{\delta}${\mathit{T}}^{3}$lnT at low temperatures. Both the Pauli magnetic susceptibility \ensuremath{\chi}=5.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$ emu/mol and the linear temperature coefficient of the specific heat \ensuremath{\gamma}=13.7 mJ/${\mathrm{K}}^{2}$ mol are enhanced well above their electron gas values. The effective Stoner enhancement factor is S=0.58, i.e., far from the ferromagnetic instability. These results are interpreted in terms of a Fermi liquid composed of almost localized Ni 3d electrons. Thus, ${\mathrm{LaNiO}}_{3}$ represents a correlated metallic system.
Short-Lived Radionuclides in Meteorites: Constraints on Nebular Timescales for the Production of Solids

Variations in the abundances of short-lived radionuclides such as 26Al (τ1/2 ≈ 0.74 Ma) and 53Mn (τ1/2 ≈ 3.7 Ma) in meteoritic solids may be used to infer relative formation intervals of these solids in the nebula at precisions of less than 1 Ma. In a strict chronometric interpretation of the isotopic variations, whereby criteria such as spatial and temporal isotopic homogeneity and closed system isotopic evolution are met, solid formation occurred in the nebula for at least several million years. This is longer than some theoretical and astronomical estimates for the duration of the active nebula. The evidence for live 41Ca (τ1/2 ≈ 0.10 Ma) in meteoritic inclusions further indicates that the onset of solid formation occurred quite early, perhaps within a few hundred thousand years after the onset of the collapse of the sun’s parent molecular cloud. Failure of the Chronometrie interpretation may arise for a variety of reasons, including but not limited to, the late, inhomogeneous injection of material from a nearby stellar source or the local production of short-lived radionuclides by an energetic particle irradiation, e. g., from T Tauri (X-wind) or galactic cosmic ray sources. Although some isotopic evidence exists that the criteria required for a strict Chronometrie interpretation are not met by each of the short-lived chronometers, there is no compelling reason to shorten the interval of solid formation in the nebula to less than 1 Ma.
Numerical Analysis on Non-Smooth Problems: Some Examples

In a partial differential equation roughness in the solution may be caused in various ways, such as by i) a rough right hand side, ii) a rough boundary, iii) rough initial data. We shall briefly describe two examples from numerical analysis showing that:
Effects of hydrochloric acid on duodenal and jejunal mucosal permeability in the rat.

The effects of various concentrations of hydrochloric acid (1, 5, 10, and 100 mM) on mucosal permeability and acid disappearance (H+-dis) in duodenum and jejunum were studied in anesthetized rats. ...
Behavioral training to improve collision detection

Young drivers are a high-risk group for vehicle crashes due to inexperience in detecting an impending collision and are one group that may benefit from perceptual learning (PL) training. The present study assessed whether PL could be used to improve performance in collision detection. Ten college-aged subjects participated in the first experiment, which consisted of seven 1-hr sessions conducted on separate days. Thresholds at three observer/object speeds were measured prior to training using a two-alternative forced choice procedure during which they indicated whether an approaching object would result in a collision or noncollision event. Participants were then trained near threshold at one of these speeds for 5 days. After training, participants showed a significant reduction in the time needed to detect a collision at the trained speed. This improvement was also found to transfer to the higher observer speed condition. A second experiment was conducted to determine whether this improvement was due to training near threshold or whether this improvement was merely due to practice with the task. Training with stimuli well above threshold showed no significant improvement in performance, indicating that the improvement seen in the first experiment was not solely due to task practice.
Luteinization of ovarian transplants in gonadectomized, pregnant mare's serum-primed immature male rats.

To study the role of the central nervous system (CNS) in the regulation of the formation of corpora lutea (CL) in ovarian transplants in male rats, immature male rats were gonadectomized neonatally or on day 18, given subcutaneous (sc) ovarian transplants on day 18 and injected with pregnant mare’s serum (PMS) or NaCl at 27 days of age. At 54 or 60 hr after this initial PMS priming or NaCl injection, each animal was given an ip injection of pentobarbital (20 mg/kg) or a control injection of an equal volume of saline and killed at 72 hr {i.e., on day 30). Histological examination of serially sectioned ovarian transplants for the presence or absence of CL was used as an indication of whether or not a luteinizing surge of gonadotropic hormone (GTH) had taken place. Female rats, operated and treated in the same way, served as added controls. Extensive formation of CL was seen in ovarian transplants taken from PMS-primed males castrated at birth and from PMS-primed females ovariectomized neonatally or at 18 da...
OPTICAL MONITORING OF THE BROAD-LINE RADIO GALAXY 3C 390.3*

We have undertaken a new ground-based monitoring campaign on the broad-line radio galaxy 3C?390.3 to improve the measurement of the size of the broad emission-line region and to estimate the black hole mass. Optical spectra and g-band images were observed in late 2005 for three months using the 2.4?m telescope at MDM Observatory. Integrated emission-line flux variations were measured for the hydrogen Balmer lines H?, H?, H?, and for the helium line He II?4686, as well as g-band fluxes and the optical active galactic nucleus (AGN) continuum at ? =?5100 ?. The g-band fluxes and the optical AGN continuum vary simultaneously within the uncertainties, ?cent = (0.2 ? 1.1)?days. We find that the emission-line variations are delayed with respect to the variable g-band continuum by ?(H?) = 56.3+2.4 ? 6.6?days, ?(H?) = 44.3+3.0 ? 3.3?days, ?(H?) = 58.1+4.3 ? 6.1?days, and ?(He II?4686) = 22.3+6.5 ? 3.8?days. The blue and red peaks in the double-peaked line profiles, as well as the blue and red outer profile wings, vary simultaneously within ?3 days. This provides strong support for gravitationally bound orbital motion of the dominant part of the line-emitting gas. Combining the time delay of the strong Balmer emission lines of H? and H? and the separation of the blue and red peaks in the broad double-peaked profiles in their rms spectra, we determine M vir bh = 1.77+0.29 ? 0.31 ? 108 M ? and using ?line of the rms spectra M vir bh = 2.60+0.23 ? 0.31 ? 108 M ? for the central black hole of 3C?390.3, respectively. Using the inclination angle of the line-emitting region which is measured from superluminal motion detected in the radio range, accretion disk models to fit the optical double-peaked emission-line profiles, and X-ray observations, the mass of the black hole amounts to M bh = 0.86+0.19 ? 0.18 ? 109 M ? (peak separation) and M bh = 1.26+0.21 ? 0.16 ? 109 M ? (?line), respectively. This result is consistent with the black hole masses indicated by simple accretion disk models to describe the observed double-peaked profiles, derived from the stellar dynamics of 3C?390.3, and with the AGN radius-luminosity relation. Thus, 3C?390.3 as a radio-loud AGN with a low Eddington ratio, L edd/L bol = 0.02, follows the same AGN radius-luminosity relation as radio-quiet AGNs.
Effects of lysergic acid diethylamide on the uptake and retention of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine in vivo and in vitro.

Abstract The effects of D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other drugs on brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in vivo and in vitro and on 3H-5-HT administered intraventricularly have been studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The results in vivo show that the retention of 3H-5-HT in the brain is increased by treatment (i.p.) with LSD and p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) and decreased by reserpine. This LSD effect in vivo can be reversed by intraventricular ouabain (given together with 3H-5-HT) in amounts which cause brief convulsions. In vitro, LSD added to the medium initially (0–10 min) decreased uptake of 3H-5-HT in brain slices but enhanced its retention at 60 min. These effects of LSD were not observed either after pargyline treatment (i.p.) or in the presence of pargyline in vitro. These results are consistent with the idea that LSD decreases 5-HT turnover through an inhibition of neuronal firing, which can be overcome by neuronal depolarization sufficient to cause convulsions. It is suggested that the decreased 5-HT turnover seen after LSD is somehow mediated by a mechanism which protects 5-HT from deamination by monoamine oxidase, and that an effect on 5-HT uptake may be a mechanism involved in the interaction of LSD with brain 5-HT.