cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Band gap structure and electron emission property of chemical-vapor-deposited diamond films

Abstract The structures of the band gap and defect states of chemical-vapor-deposited diamond films were investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy, covering wavelength from visible to vacuum ultraviolet (VUV). Band gaps ranging from 5.5 to 3.2 eV were measured for natural, polycrystalline, and amorphous diamond films. Low voltage field emissions were obtained from wide band gap films with band gap states distributed close to the conduction band and extended deeply into the band gap. Amorphous diamond film with a narrower band gap could not provide low field emission.
Glycemic variability in nondiabetic morbidly obese persons: results of an observational study and review of the literature.

Glycemic variability (GV) is correlated with oxidative stress which may lead to increased cardiovascular risk and poor clinical outcomes in people with prediabetes and diabetes. We sought to understand whether morbidly obese persons without diabetes by standard criteria have dysglycemia as measured by GV. We performed an observational study of GV metrics and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in 21 morbidly obese normoglycemic and 15 morbidly obese prediabetic applicants to The Biggest Loser television show. The results were compared to previously published studies in normoglycemic nonobese and obese individuals. Glucose was measured with a masked continuous glucose monitor (CGM) over 3 to 8 days and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) was determined by ultrasound. CGM-derived GV metrics for GV were coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation (SD), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), continuous overall net glycemic action–1 hour (CONGA1), and mean of daily differences (MODD). We found that morbidly obese subjects (n = 21) who were normoglycemic by standard criteria had higher GV (CV = 22%, SD = 24.2 mg/dl and MAGE = 48.6 mg/dl) than previous reports of normoglycemic, nonobese individuals (CV = 12-18%, SD = 11.5-15.0 mg/dl, and MAGE = 26.3-28.3 mg/dl). Morbidly obese prediabetic subjects (n = 15) had GV metrics indistinguishable from those morbidly obese subjects who were normoglycemic. CIMT was higher in both morbidly obese groups compared with historical age- and sex-matched controls. Normoglycemic and prediabetic morbidly obese individuals have higher GV compared with normal weight, nondiabetic individuals. We speculate that this may increase the risk for macrovascular disease through excessive oxidative stress.
Biomedical Innovation in Academic Institutions: Mitigating Conflict of Interest

As universities and research hospitals move increasingly toward translational research and encouragement of entrepreneurship, more attention must be paid to management of conflicts of interest (COIs) if the public trust is to be maintained. Here, we describe COI policies at two institutions that aim to structure an academic environment that encourages innovation while protecting academic values.
Complications of Esophageal Surgery: Role of Imaging in Diagnosis and Treatments

Esophageal surgery is a common and integral component in the management of hiatal hernias, esophageal carcinoma, and esophageal perforation. Understanding the expected postsurgical imaging features of these common esophageal surgeries and postoperative complications is essential. Image-guided intervention can be used to aid the surgeon in the management of many post esophageal surgical complications. We discuss the imaging features of the postoperative esophagus and the use of imaging, including fluoroscopy and computed tomography, in the diagnosis of post esophageal surgical complications and treatment.
Elevated dietary vitamin C concentrations did not improve resistance of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, against Edwardsiella ictaluri infection

Abstract Two experiments were conducted with channel catfish under laboratory conditions. Fish were fed practical-type diets containing vitamin C concentrations from 82 to 2071 mg/kg diet for experiment 1, and from 0 to 2056 mg/kg diet for experiment 2. After 8 weeks of feeding, fish were exposed to live Edwardsiella ictaluri by immersion and mortalities were recorded for 21 days. In experiment 1, growth, feed efficiency, and survival rate of channel catfish at the end of the feeding period were not significantly different among dietary treatments. In experiment 2, there were significant quadratic effects of dietary vitamin C concentration of weight gain and feed efficiency. Weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed the vitamin C-free diet were lower than those of fish fed diets supplemented with vitamin C. In both experiments, vitamin C concentrations in liver and anterior kidney increased significantly as dietary vitamin C concentration increased, showing a significant quadratic effect. Mean days of first death after exposure to E. ictaluri were not different among treatments in either experiment. There were no significant linear or quadratic effects of dietary vitamin C on mortality rate 21 days after exposure to E. ictaluri in either experiment; however, mortality rate of fish fed the vitamin C-free diet in experiment 2 was significantly higher than that of fish fed diets supplemented with vitamin C. Our results indicated that high vitamin C diets appear to be ineffective as a prophylactic treatment to enhance disease resistance against E. ictaluri infections in channel catfish.
A Reexamination of Van Gogh's Pictorial Space

A few years ago in The Art Bulletin, Patrick A. Heelan presented a theory that Vincent van Gogh was able to perceive, and represent in some of his paintings, a non-Euclidean space “based on a strictly binocular visual comparison of depth and distance when all other clues to size, depth, and distance … are inoperative.”1 According to Heelan, this space approximated in form the non-Euclidean “visual space” that R. K. Luneburg and his followers had mapped out on the basis of experiments with subjects who were asked to align dimly glowing lights in a dark room.2 In support of his theory Heelan analyzed a number of paintings by Van Gogh, in particular the painting of the Bedroom at Arles in the Rijksmuseum Vincent van Gogh in Amsterdam (Fig. 1).3
Autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplantation in dogs with T-cell lymphoma.

Background Peripheral blood CD34+ hematopoietic cell transplantation (PBHCT) is commonly used to treat human patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin diffuse, large B-cell lymphoma with cure rates approaching 50%. Objective To determine the safety and feasibility of performing PBHCT to treat canine B-cell lymphoma (LSA) patients in a clinical academic setting. Animals Twenty-four client-owned dogs diagnosed with B-cell LSA. Methods After high-dose cyclophosphamide and rhG-colony-stimulating factor treatment, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected using cell separator machines. The harvested cells then were infused after a 10 Gy dose of total body irradiation (TBI). Post-irradiation adverse effects were managed symptomatically and dogs were discharged upon evidence of engraftment. Results More than 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg were harvested in 23/24 dogs. Preapheresis peripheral blood monocyte count was correlated with the number of CD34+ cells/kg harvested. Twenty-one of 24 (87.5%) dogs engrafted appropriately, whereas 2 dogs (8.3%) died in the hospital. One (5%) dog exhibited delayed engraftment and died 45 days after PBHCT. One dog developed presumed TBI-induced pulmonary fibrosis approximately 8 months after PBHCT. The median disease-free interval and overall survival (OS) of all dogs from the time of PBHCT was 271 and 463 days, respectively. Five of 15 (33%) dogs transplanted before they relapsed remain in clinical remission for their disease at a median OS of 524 days (range, 361–665 days). Conclusions and Clinical Importance In most cases, PBHCT led to complete hematologic reconstitution. Therefore, PBHCT may be considered as a treatment option for dogs with B-cell lymphoma.
Hybrid nanostructured materials for high-performance electrochemical capacitors

The exciting development of advanced nanostructured materials has driven the rapid growth of research in the field of electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems which are critical to a variety of applications ranging from portable consumer electronics, hybrid electric vehicles, to large industrial scale power and energy management. Owing to their capability to deliver high power performance and extremely long cycle life, electrochemical capacitors (ECs), one of the key EES systems, have attracted increasing attention in the recent years since they can complement or even replace batteries in the energy storage field, especially when high power delivery or uptake is needed. This review article describes the most recent progress in the development of nanostructured electrode materials for EC technology, with a particular focus on hybrid nanostructured materials that combine carbon based materials with pseudocapacitive metal oxides or conducting polymers for achieving high-performance ECs. This review starts with an overview of EES technologies and the comparison between various EES systems, followed by a brief description of energy storage mechanisms for different types of EC materials. This review emphasizes the exciting development of both hybrid nanomaterials and novel support structures for effective electrochemical utilization and high mass loading of active electrode materials, both of which have brought the energy density of ECs closer to that of batteries while still maintaining their characteristic high power density. Last, future research directions and the remaining challenges toward the rational design and synthesis of hybrid nanostructured electrode materials for next-generation ECs are discussed.
Health Maintenance Organizations, Health Care Reform, and Persons With Serious Mental Illness

Implementation of the Clinton Administration's proposed Health Security Act could significantly increase the number of seriously mentally ill persons enrolled in health maintenance organizations (HMOs). Studies of the mental health status and outcomes of seriously mentally ill persons treated in HMOs show conflicting findings and provkk little guidance about the likely effect of the Health Security Act on this population. However implementation of the Health Security Act would be likely to influence the treatment of seriously mentally illpersons by altering the activities of state and local governments in the financing and delivery of care, facilitating the integration of public and private services, and encouraging development of additional service capacity. To clarify HMOs' likely role inproviding services to seriously mentally ill persons under health care reform, more research is needed on the currrent service capacity of HMOs, on treatment approaches and outcomes in different HMO models, on whether s...
A pseudoepidemic of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans attributable to contaminated saline

Alcaligenes xylosoxidans is an uncommon but serious cause of nosocomial epidemics. This report describes a cluster of two patients who underwent revision of hip arthroplasties and one patient who had a lumbar puncture. Cultures obtained during all three procedures showed A. xylosoxidans with similar antibiotic sensitivity patterns. An investigation found that saline used to process these specimens was contaminated with this organism.
Microstructure-Level Machining Simulation of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polymer Composites—Part II: Model Interpretation and Application

The microstructure-level finite element machining model developed in Part I of this paper is used to perform a detailed analysis of the failure mechanisms that occur while machining the carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polycarbonate composites. The chip formation in plain polycarbonate (PC) is seen to be influenced by the ductile failure mode. For the composite containing 1.75% by weight of CNTs (Composite A), the polymer fails in the ductile mode. The presence of CNTs is seen to result in CNTs protruding from the machined surface and subsurface damage. The low thermal conductivity of the polymer phase is seen to result in the formation of adiabatic shear bands in plain PC and Composite A. As the CNT loading is increased to 5% by weight, the failure in the polymer phase is seen to be predominantly brittle in nature. The presence of the larger percentage of CNTs is also seen to offset the formation of adiabatic shear bands. The machining model has also been used to successfully predict the machining behavior of CNT composites with tailored microstructures. Simulation experiments with varying CNT alignment, aspect ratio, percentage loading, and cutting velocity were conducted to study the effects of these factors on cutting forces. The results show that the machining model in combination with the material model is an effective tool to design CNT composites with emphasis both on the mechanical properties and machinability.
Scientific Computing in the Cloud

Large, virtualized pools of computational resources raise the possibility of a new, advantageous computing paradigm for scientific research. To help achieve this, new tools make the cloud platform behave virtually like a local homogeneous computer cluster, giving users access to high-performance clusters without requiring them to purchase or maintain sophisticated hardware.
Birth order and neural tube defects: a reappraisal

There is evidence that late birth order is associated with some complex disorders. For neural tube defects (NTDs) there is no consensus as to whether first or increased birth order is associated or not. A meta-analysis of published data on NTDs was carried out to ascertain whether there is an increased risk for children first born or of high birth order to have NTDs. All data available with information regarding the frequency of live births and NTDs cases by birth order (1, 2, 3, and 4 or more) were included in the analysis. Effect sizes calculations were performed. Children with higher birth order are more likely to have spina bifida but not anencephaly. This same effect was also seen for all NTDs combined, which probably reflects the association with spina bifida. These results suggest the compilation of anencephaly and spina bifida data can be the explanation for the controversies seen in the literature.
Fabrication and Characterization of Carbon Nanofiber-Based Vertically Integrated Schottky Barrier Junction Diodes

We report on the fabrication and electrical characterization of active nanoscale electronic devices using single vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs). A rectifying behavior consistent with a 0.3 eV Schottky barrier was found. Experimental results indicate that a region of semiconducting SiC is formed directly beneath the VACNF during the growth process, creating the Schottky-barrier junction between this semiconductor material and the metallic carbon nanofibers.
A direct method for the preparation of steroid-21-phosphates

Abstract Several 21-hydroxylated steroids have been phosphorylaced directly and under very mild conditions with β-cyanoethyl phosphate in the presence of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The method appears to be applicable to hydroxylated steroids in general and has been used for the direct phosphorylation of triamcinolone acetonide, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, prednisolone and D-homotriamcinolone acetonide.
Re-considering the turn to biology in feminist theory:

This article argues that feminist theorists should conceive of the life sciences not only as a factual resource but also as a figural resource. It proposes that in shifting our conceptual orientati...
Inhibition by lanthanum ions of ADP-induced platelet aggregation.

La3+-Ionen zeigten eine konzentrationsabhangige Hemmung der ADP-induzierten Aggregation menschlicher Blutplattchen. Diese Hemmung ist nicht von der Zahl der Zellen oder der Konzentration des ADP abhangig und lasst sich nicht durch Zusatz von Ca2+-Ionen neutralisieren.
4505 Fecal occult blood testing - are we training medical students and residents well enough?

Training in colorectal cancer screening in general, and proper indications, techniques, interpretation and subsequent follow up of positive fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) in particular, should be integral to undergraduate and graduate medical education. In absence of objective data on how well informed medical students and residents are in the practical aspects of FOBT, we surveyed a cross section of medical students and residents in our institution. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to Internal Medicine residents and medical students rotating through inpatient medical service. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; part I was based on color slides of fecal occult blood tests which included both positive and false positive test cards. Questions in part II tested basic knowledge of indications, proper techniques, interpretation and recommended follow up of patients with positive test results. The questionnaire was based on the published guidelines of the American College of Physicians on FOBT. After administration of the questionnaire, the residents and medical students were instructed on practical aspects of FOBT and the questions were discussed with them in an interactive session. A subgroup of the residents and medical students were later retested on a similar questionnaire after 8 weeks. Results: Mean score out of a possible maximum score of 10 in medical students (n = 39), PGY1 (n = 31), PGY 2 (n = 10) and PGY 3 (n = 13) were 5.4 (0.2), 5.1(0.2), 5.8 (0.1) and 6 (0.1), respectively. By one way ANOVA when adjusted for the level of training there was no difference in mean score among different groups. Ten (10.8%) of participants were unable to correctly identify false positive FOBT cards. While 74 (79.6%) participants were unfamiliar with the correct techniques of performing FOBT, 78 (83.9%) did not know the recommended follow up of a positive FOBT. 83 (89.2%) recommended FOBT in an inappropriate clinical scenario. Interestingly, the subgroup of 31 residents and medical students who were retested after 8 weeks scored higher than their earlier performance (Mean score 4.9 (0.3) vs. 6.0 (0.3), p
Origin of the γ polypeptide of the Na+/K+-ATPase

The Na+/K+-ATPase purified from lamb kidney contains a gamma polypeptide fraction which is a collection of fragments derived from the alpha and beta polypeptides of the enzyme. This fraction has the solubility characteristics of a proteolipid and was isolated either by high performance liquid chromatography (size exclusion chromatography) in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate or by sequential organic extraction of purified lamb kidney Na+/K+-ATPase. Formation of gamma polypeptide(s) from detergent solubilized holoenzyme was accelerated by sulfhydryl containing reagents and was unaffected by addition of inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes. Treatment of the holoenzyme with the photoaffinity reagent N-(2-nitro-4-azidophenyl)[3H]ouabain ([3H]NAP-ouabain) labeled the alpha polypeptide and the gamma polypeptide fraction but not the beta polypeptide. Amino acid sequence analysis of one gamma polypeptide preparation revealed homology of one component of this fraction with the N-terminus of the beta subunit of the Na+/K+-ATPase. Amino acid analysis of two preparations of proteolipid showed similar amino acid compositions with a peptide derived from the alpha subunit. The insolubility and complexity of the gamma polypeptide(s)/proteolipid fraction appears to preclude a conclusive sequence analysis of all components of this fraction.
A negative report on the ‘near optimality’ of the max-expected-log policy as applied to bounded utilities for long lived programs

Abstract Much controversy surrounds the use of the portfolio investment rules induced by maximizing the expected logarithm of terminal wealth (henceforth referred to as the MEL policy). It has been thought that the MEL policy is a good approximation to the optimal investment program when the utility of terminal wealth function is bounded and when the time horizon is long. However, I exhibit a class of bounded utility of terminal wealth functions for which the MEL policy is a very poor approximation to the optimal program. Hence, the wholesale use of the MEL policy as an approximation to the optimal program is unwarranted.
Clinical Outcomes and Disease Progression among Patients Coinfected with HIV and Human T Lymphotropic Virus Types 1 and 2

The goal of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes and survival probabilities among persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T lymphotropic viruses types 1 and 2 (HTLV-I/II). A nonconcurrent cohort study of 1033 HIV-infected individuals was also conducted. Sixty-two patients were coinfected with HTLV-I, and 141 patients were coinfected with HTLV-II. HTLV-I/II coinfection was highly associated with African-American race/ethnicity, age of >36 years, higher CD4(+) T cell count at baseline and over time, and history of injection drug use. Coinfected patients were more likely to have neurologic complications, thrombocytopenia, respiratory and urinary tract infections, and hepatitis C. Despite having higher CD4(+) T cell counts over time, there was no difference in the incidence of opportunistic infections. Progression to both acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-0.98) and death (aHR, 0.57, 95% CI, 0.37-0.89) were slower among HTLV-II-coinfected patients, compared with time-entry- and CD4(+) T cell count-matched control subjects. In conclusion, HIV-HTLV-I/II coinfection may result in improved survival and delayed progression to AIDS, but this happens at the expense of an increased frequency of other of clinical complications.
Survival of caged Atlantic salmon in the Merrimack River

Abstract Because it is difficult to locate parr and smolts of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the lower Merrimack River in order to measure survival and evaluate physiological changes, 1 held hatchery fish in 122 × 46 ×61-cm cages at three sites for up to 70 d in 1988 and 1989, beginning each year in early April. Stationary cages were placed at two freshwater sites (3 and 7.8 km above the mouth of the river) and at a tidal freshwater–seawater site, and then stocked with fish. Movable cages were placed in the river at the most upstream stationary-cage site, stocked with fish, and later moved downstream by boat at irregular intervals. At the most upstream site mortality gradually increased through the season, reaching the highest level (about 60%) during a period of rising temperatures in late May. Although extremes in temperature and salinity were greatest at the freshwater–seawater site, mortality was lowest in the stationary cage there, The number of Atlantic salmon infected with Aeromonas salmonicida inc...
Ethical and Policy Issues Surrounding the Donation of Cryopreserved and Fresh Embryos for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research

The use of human embryos in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research raises significant ethical and policy issues associated with their donation. Recent research conducted in several countries assesses the percent of persons with cryopreserved and fresh supernumerary embryos willing to donate them for research, their reasons for considering this option, and the concerns they raise about its personal import. Such research provides new insights into rising ethical and policy questions associated with embryo donation for hESC research that should be addressed. In response to such questions, it is argued here that consent to the donation of supernumerary embryos for hESC research should be sought in two or three stages, depending on whether fresh or frozen embryos are at issue, in order to provide patients and their partners with sufficient time and information before they make a final decision. In addition, steps should be taken to support the voluntariness of their decisions by having personnel other than the treating reproductive specialist or stem cell investigators solicit their consent. Prospective embryo donors should also be given a choice about the uses to which hESCs derived from their donated embryos will be put in order to honor their ethical convictions and ensure that there are sufficient embryos for this research. The well-being and rights of those who donate embryos for this research require the sort of support and protection that can be provided by an ethical and policy framework that allows hESC investigations to move forward according to standards that are transparent and that resound with public values.
BREAKDOWN OF A HEATED LIQUID INITIAL BREAKDOWN OF A HEATED LIQUID FILM IN COCURRENT TWO-COMPONENT ANNULAR FLOW: I. SMALL PERTURBATION MODEL

Abstract A small perturbation theory is developed for the breakdown of a thin evaporating liquid film draining down a heated tube subject to a non-negligible surface shear stress. 1The film is always so thin that entrainment is negligible. The usual traveling wave is here not adequate, and a time-independent surface perturbation which is exponential in the flow and periodic in the cross-stream direction is assumed. The appropriate Orr-Summerfeld equation and boundary conditions are then derived. Comparison with experimental data, using a large effective contact angle, obtained from the lower bound of the eigenvalue spectrum, gives good agreement for the critical Reynolds number.
Extended Deterrence: The U.S. Credibility Gap in the Middle East

Iranian nuclear proliferation could prove uniquely dangerous because of the potential to ignite regional proliferation in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and others. Unlike in Asia, the U.S. has few good options for reassuring allies in the Middle East.
Portable vectorized software for Bessel function evaluation

A suite of computer programs for the evaluation of Bessel functions and modified Bessel functions of orders zero and one for a vector of real arguments is described. Distinguishing characteristics of these programs are that (a) they are portable across a wide range of machines, and (b) they are vectorized in the case when multiple function evaluations are to be performed. The performance of the new programs are compared with software from the FNLIB collection of Fullerton on which the new software is based.
Manufacture of Clinical-Grade CD19-Specific T Cells Stably Expressing Chimeric Antigen Receptor Using Sleeping Beauty System and Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells

Adoptive transfer of T cells expressing a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is being evaluated in multiple clinical trials. Our current approach to adoptive immunotherapy is based on a second generation CAR (designated CD19RCD28) that signals through a CD28 and CD3-ζ endodomain. T cells are electroporated with DNA plasmids from the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon/transposase system to express this CAR. Stable integrants of genetically modified T cells can then be retrieved when co-cultured with designer artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) in the presence of interleukin (IL)-2 and 21. Here, we reveal how the platform technologies of SB-mediated transposition and CAR-dependent propagation on aAPC were adapted for human application. Indeed, we have initiated clinical trials in patients with high-risk B-lineage malignancies undergoing autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). We describe the process to manufacture clinical grade CD19-specific T cells derived from healthy donors. Three validation runs were completed in compliance with current good manufacturing practice for Phase I/II trials demonstrating that by 28 days of co-culture on γ-irradiated aAPC ∼1010 T cells were produced of which >95% expressed CAR. These genetically modified and propagated T cells met all quality control testing and release criteria in support of infusion.
Longitudinal analysis of friendship networks

Abstract This note discusses and demonstrates methods, both exploratory and confirmatory, for analysing data from friendship networks collected over time. The focus is on stochastic models for dyadic interaction designed to quantify the structural effect of reciprocity on arc changes. The networks studied were previously analysed by Hallinan (Social Networks 1: 193–210) who was concerned with stability of dyadic choices and the direction of change of asymmetric dyads to either mutual or null dyads. These aspects of the networks are really of secondary importance to the effect of reciprocated choices on the probabilities of dyadic change. Measures of this ‘reciprocity effect’ are presented, and comments on the rationale for continuous-time Markov chains as models for networks are given.
Evidence for two distinct sympathoinhibitory bulbo-spinal systems.

Abstract Yohimbine hydrochloride (0.5 mg kg , i.v.) caused a long-lasting potentiation of electrodermal (sympathetic-cholinergic) reflexes in intact anaesthetized and decerebrate unanaesthetized cats. Transection of the cervical spinal cord also resulted in an increased amplitude of the sudomotor reflex in unanaesthetized decerebrate preparations. Depletion of monoamines in the CNS by pretreatment with reserpine (5 mg kg , i.p.) and α-methyl-p-tyrosine (2 × 300 mg kg , i.p.) reduced the concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin to less than 93% of control levels in the thoracic spinal cord. In monoamine-depleted preparations, yohimbine no longer facilitated the reflex amplitude whereas the effect of spinal transection was not altered. These results suggest that there are two distinct sympathoinhibitory systems in the lower brain stem that converge on spinal sympathetic neurons, one of which is monoaminergic and one of which is not. Evidence for the baroreceptor-independent nature of these descending inhibitory systems is discussed.
NAEVES COMEDONICUS TREATMENT WITH RETINOIC ACID

Summary.— Two patients are described with naevus comedonicus. Both patients were successfully treated with topical retinoic acid with a minimum of irritation. Continued periodic application of retinoic acid is necessary to prevent reaccumulation of horny material in the involved follicles.
Olfactory imprinting and age variables in the guinea-pig, Cavia porcellus.

Summary In five experiments, guinea-pigs were reared with mothers and litter-mates which had natural (N), ethyl benzoate (Eb) or acetophenone (Ac) odours. When experimental odours were presented for 15 or 22 days, the guinea-pigs showed a preference for the rearing odour at 16 or 23 days of age when presented with a 5-hr choice of N, Eb or Ac stimulus animals. When exposed to Eb mother and littermates for only 6 days, they showed a decreased responsiveness to Eb animals at 16 and 23 days but days 1 to 6 were found to be more sensitive to olfactory exposure than either the 2nd or 3rd week exposure periods when tested at 16 or 23 days of age. A 3-day exposure period was found to be less effective than a 6-day period but the period 1 to 3 days of age was found to be more sensitive to olfactory imprinting than later 3-day exposure periods. As exposure duration to an experimental odour decreased, preference for N stimulus animals in tests increased. Regardless of age or duration of exposure to an experimental odour prior to 23 days of age, all groups generally showed a preference for the natural odour when tested at 60 days of age.
Contactless Pre-Bond TSV Test and Diagnosis Using Ring Oscillators and Multiple Voltage Levels

Defects in through-silicon vias (TSVs) due to fabrication steps decrease the yield and reliability of 3-D stacked integrated circuits, hence these defects need to be screened early in the manufacturing flow. Before wafer thinning, TSVs are buried in silicon and cannot be mechanically contacted, which severely limits the test access. Although TSVs become exposed after wafer thinning, probing on them is difficult because of TSV dimensions and the risk of probe-induced damage. To circumvent these problems, we propose a non-invasive method for pre-bond TSV test that does not require TSV probing. We use open TSVs as capacitive loads of their driving gates and measure the propagation delay by means of ring oscillators. Defects in TSVs cause variations in their resistor-capacitor parameters and therefore lead to variations in the propagation delay. By measuring these variations, we can detect the resistive open and leakage faults. We exploit different voltage levels to increase the sensitivity of the test and its robustness against random process variations. We provide a method to create a regression model to predict the defect size for a given measured period period of the ring oscillator, and a method for accuracy analysis. Results on fault detection effectiveness are presented through HSPICE simulations using realistic models for a 45 nm CMOS technology. The estimated design for testability area cost of our method is negligible for realistic dies.
Location and Interaction in Row-And-Column Seating Arrangements.

The verbal behavior, physical locations, and seat preferences of members of large groups assembled in row-and-column seating arrangements were investigated. In several trials of the experiment subjects had been categorized a priori as "high," "moderate," or "low" in respect to verbalization rates and then were randomly assigned to seats without regard for these rates. Subsequent research procedures revealed that location significantly affected the verbalization rates of the "highs" and the "moderates." Centrally located seats were associated with significantly higher verbalization rates on the part of their occupants than were noncentrally located seats. These findings confirmed the observations of previous investigators that there is an "ecology of participation" in classrooms which may make it possible to predict from which locations most verbalizations would emanate.Through the administration of a projective procedure it was also revealed that "high" verbalizers chose central seats to a greater degree ...
Air and moisture versus paper insulation

THIS is the third of a series of studies into the still open question of the influence of residual air and moisture upon the properties of impregnated-paper insulation. The influence of residual moisture was found to be universally bad and increasing amounts of such moisture are immediately reflected in higher values of power factor and loss and in other evidence of instability. One of the most striking results of the earlier studies was the relatively small effect of residual air upon the shape of the voltage-power factor curves. The shape of these curves was not appreciably affected in the range of evacuation pressure from 1 to 10 cm. Hg. abs. and furthermore the curves were flat up to 300 volts per mil and 50 deg. cent. Only at impregnation pressures above 25 cm. Hg. do the typical rising power factor-voltage curves become evident. Upon dissection, dryness and gas voids always were associated with rising power factor-voltage curves, and apparently-excellent impregnation with the flat curves.
Soy proteins and isoflavones reduce interleukin-6 but not serum lipids in older women: a randomized controlled trial

Soy foods contain several components, notably, isoflavones and amino acids, that may improve cardiovascular health. We evaluated the long-term effect of soy protein and/or soy isoflavones supplementation on serum lipids and inflammatory markers using a 1-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-control, clinical trial in 131 healthy ambulatory women older than 60 years. We hypothesized that soy protein, in combination with isoflavones, would have the largest positive effect on coronary heart disease risk factors (serum lipids and inflammatory markers) compared with either intervention alone and that, within groups receiving isoflavones, equol producers would have more positive effects on coronary heart disease risk factors than nonequol producers. After a 1-month baseline period, participants were randomized into 1 of 4 intervention groups: soy protein (18 g/d) and isoflavone tablets (105 mg/d isoflavone aglycone equivalents), soy protein and placebo tablets, control protein and isoflavone tablets, or control protein and placebo tablets. T Tests were used to assess differences between equol and nonequol producers. Ninety-seven women completed the trial. Consumption of protein powder and isoflavone tablets did not differ among groups, and compliance with study powder and tablets was 79% and 90%, respectively. After 1 year, in the entire population, there were either no or little effects on serum lipids and inflammatory markers, regardless of treatment group. Equol producers, when analyzed separately, had significant improvements in total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratios (−5.9%, P = .02; −7.2%, P = .04 respectively). Soy protein and isoflavone (either alone or together) did not impact serum lipids or inflammatory markers. Therefore, they should not be considered an effective intervention to prevent cardiovascular disease because of lipid modification in healthy late postmenopausal women lacking the ability to produce equol.
Knowledge Management: Chimera or Solution?

This essay reviews the origins of the term Knowledge Management, contrasting it with both data processing and information processing. The notion that knowledge is exclusively mental is refuted by reference to recorded knowledge, the stuff of books, reports, plans, et al. Examples of working knowledge are provided that shed light on the importance of knowledge processes to organizations that depend on knowledge for their success. These ideas are then extrapolated to libraries where I argue that knowledge management, always crucial to success in the paper world, is even more central as the knowledge world goes digital.
Induction of Th17 Cellular Immunity With a Novel Nanoemulsion Adjuvant

T17 (T-helper-17) cytokine responses have been recently recognized as an important component for the protective immunity produced by vaccination. However, the mechanism by which immune adjuvants induce T17 immunity has not been defined. We have developed a novel mucosal nanoemulsion (NE) adjuvant that produces a robust humoral and T1 cellular immunity. Herein, we demonstrate that immunization with NE adjuvant induces a T17 response to diverse antigens in both outbred and inbred mice. CD86 deficiency had a limited effect on the induction of IL-17, however, double CD80/CD86, CD40, and IL-6 (interleukin 6) mutant mice failed to produce T17 immunity in response to NE adjuvant. Mice deficient in TLR2 and TLR4 (Toll-like receptors 2 and 4) had a diminished IL-17 response. Our data indicate that nasal mucosal immunization with NE adjuvant produces T1 and T17 immunity; that this process requires IL-6, CD40, and at least one of the CD80/CD86 molecules; and that the induction of TH17 is enhanced by the presence of TLR2 and TLR4 receptors. This unique approach to vaccination may have a significant role in protection against mucosal and intracellular pathogens.
Penectomy: a technique to reduce blood loss

Abstract Objectives. Hemorrhage is potentially a major complication of partial or total penectomy that may result in the need for blood transfusion. The surgical technique of penectomy was evaluated to determine whether modifications may lead to reduced blood loss. Methods. A simple technique was used to minimize blood loss during penectomy. A Penrose tourniquet was used to minimize subcutaneous bleeding, incised urethral edges were oversewn, and a noncrushing vascular clamp was placed across the corporal bodies before transection. Results. Placement of a noncrushing vascular clamp on the corporal bodies before penectomy greatly reduced blood loss in patients who required either a partial or total penectomy. The procedure was performed in a clear field. Conclusions. By modification of the surgical technique of partial and total penectomy, it is possible to minimize the potential complication of hemorrhage.
Identifying Potential Land Use‐Derived Solute Sources to Stream Baseflow Using Ground Water Models and GIS

This paper presents an approach to examine potential relationships between land use-derived solutes and baseflow surface water quality using regional ground water and solute transport models linked to geographic information systems (GIS). We demonstrate this approach by estimating chloride concentrations in surface water due to road salt transport through ground water in a large coastal watershed in Michigan. The geologically parameterized model for this study provides a good fit to measured hydraulic heads in the watershed and offers a method to estimate spatially and temporally variable solute fluxes via ground water to streams and lakes. The results demonstrate that there is a considerable legacy of land use influencing surface water quality at the study site. The simulated chloride concentrations produced with salted roads as the only chloride source are similar to measured surface water chloride concentrations throughout most of the watershed, except in regions where other sources for chloride (e.g., high-density septic systems, locations of oil brine fields) likely exist. Impacts of other land use related solutes on baseflow surface water quality could also be explored using this approach. As a result, watershed managers could be provided with quantitative information about the potential impacts of developments and associated surface-applied solutes on future surface water quality.
Cardiac (microsomal) Na + K adenosinetriphosphatase and its possible relationship to the active Na + K transport system☆

Abstract An ATPase has been found in the high-speed sediment (52,000 × g ) isolated from a rabbit ventricle sucrose homogenate containing 0.1% deoxycholate, whose activity depends on the relative concentrations of four naturally occurring cations, namely, Na, K, Mg, and Ca. In the presence of Mg, the addition of Na and K separately stimulated enzyme activity slightly. When Na and K are present together with Mg, an intense stimulation of enzyme activity occurs with the optimum Na:K ratio being approximately 10:1. In the presence of isotonic Na + K solutions, the K m values for Na and K are 1 and 56 m M respectively. High K in the presence of Na inhibited ATPase activity, and the inhibition was analyzed as the competitive type. Demonstrated is the complex relationship that exists when Na and K are both present. Ammonium can substitute for K but not for Na. Calcium inhibited the Na-K ATPase. The influence of G-strophanthin in the presence of Mg, Mg + Na, Mg + K, and Mg + Na + K is reported. Half-maximal inhibition occurs at 6.3 × 10 −7 M G-strophanthin. The similarities between the Na-K activated ATPase and the active, linked, Na + K transport system are discussed.
Pharmaceutical advertising and Medicare Part D.

Abstract We explore how and to what extent prescription drug insurance expansions affect incentives for pharmaceutical advertising. When insurance expansions make markets more profitable, firms respond by boosting advertising. Theory suggests this effect will be magnified in the least competitive drug classes, where firms internalize a larger share of the benefits from advertising. Empirically, we find that the implementation of Part D coincides with a 14–19% increase in total advertising expenditures. This effect is indeed concentrated in the least competitive drug classes. The additional advertising raised utilization among non-elderly patients outside the Part D program by about 3.6%. This is roughly half of the direct utilization effect of Part D on elderly beneficiaries. The results suggest the presence of considerable spillover effects from publicly subsidized prescription drug insurance on the utilization and welfare of consumers outside the program.
Experimental Validation: Subscale Aircraft Ground Facilities and Integrated Test Capability

Experimental testing is an important aspect of validating complex integrated safety critical aircraft technologies. The Airborne Subscale Transport Aircraft Research (AirSTAR) Testbed is being developed at NASA Langley to validate technologies under conditions that cannot be flight validated with full-scale vehicles. The AirSTAR capability comprises a series of flying sub-scale models, associated ground-support equipment, and a base research station at NASA Langley. The subscale model capability utilizes a generic 5.5% scaled transport class vehicle known as the Generic Transport Model (GTM). The AirSTAR Ground Facilities encompass the hardware and software infrastructure necessary to provide comprehensive support services for the GTM testbed. The ground facilities support remote piloting of the GTM aircraft, and include all subsystems required for data/video telemetry, experimental flight control algorithm implementation and evaluation, GTM simulation, data recording/archiving, and audio communications. The ground facilities include a self-contained, motorized vehicle serving as a mobile research command/operations center, capable of deployment to remote sites when conducting GTM flight experiments. The ground facilities also include a laboratory based at NASA LaRC providing near identical capabilities as the mobile command/operations center, as well as the capability to receive data/video/audio from, and send data/audio to the mobile command/operations center during GTM flight experiments.