cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prototyping speculative objects for the internet of things

Digital media technologies allow the systems to be created that are rhetorical and create alternate values and experiences. Building objects that question these assumptions can help to reframe technological artifacts. Building inexpensive prototyping platforms that augment everyday objects in minimalist ways is a proposal for an alternative to existing, human-centered Internet of Things (IoT) devices. These platforms begin to move towards interactions among and between things as a bottom-up design study into ubiquitous small-scale computing and its aesthetic applications.
Countercurrent distribution of labeled anomeric methyl arabinosides and methyl α-d-mannoside☆

Abstract The isotope effect observed during the countercurrent distribution of arabinose-1- 14 C did not appear with the methyl glycoside of this labeled pentose. This observation along with the difference in the symmetry of plots for methyl α- d -mannoside and d -mannose were considered in the discussion of such isotope effects.
Fuzzy ART properties

Abstract This paper presents some important properties of the Fuzzy ART neural network algorithm introduced by Carpenter, Grossberg, and Rosen. The properties described in the paper are distinguished into a number of categories. These include template, access, and reset properties, as well as properties related to the number of list presentations needed for weight stabilization. These properties provide numerous insights as to how Fuzzy ART operates. Furthermore, the effects of the Fuzzy ART parameters a and p on the functionality of the algorithm are clearly illustrated.
Ectopic Psoroptes cuniculi infestation in a pet rabbit

A case of Psoroptes cuniculi infestation of the ears and body of a pet rabbit, with severe lesions on the skin of the caudoventral abdomen, is reported. Treatment with ivermectin injection followed by fipronil application appeared to be safe and was successful in eliminating infection.
Comparative evaluation of an ultraviolet and an orthochromatic rare-earth imaging system for veterinary radiography

The relative quality and speed of a new ultraviolet-emitting screen, ultraviolet-sensitive film rare-earth system (DuPont Ultra-Vision®) was compared to an orthochromatic rare-earth system (Kodak Lanex®) in a clinical trial. Seven different sets of radiographs of a human foot phantom, or actual canine anatomical structures (tarsus, pelvis, skull, chest, abdomen) were evaluated independently by radiologists, radiology residents and technicians who were unaware of the screen/film combinations used. The 400-speed, Ultra-Vision® Rapid/UVG screen/film combination produced supervisor image detail compared to blue/green emitting 400 and 200-speed screen/film combinations. The image detail of the Ultra-Vision® Rapid/UVG system was nearly equivalent to that produced using a 100-speed, fine-detail blue/green emitting screen/film combination. A 200-speed Ultra-Vision® system was also tested and produced thoracic and abdominal radiographs of equivalent to slightly supervisor quality than those produced using blue/green emitting system.
Cognitive Style, Dogmatism, and Creativity: Some Implications regarding Cognitive Development

A model is presented in which two cognitive style factors are seen to account for creative expression. Data are presented which replicate a strong inverse relationship between one of these factors, preference for the abstract, and dogmatism. Dogmatism was unrelated to the other dimension, preference for unstructured stimuli, among two samples of college undergraduates (ns = 30 and 40). Based on these data and available literature the authors argue that failure to develop formal operational, abstract thinking leaves a person especially vulnerable to dogmatic dependence on authority figures. Such a cognitive view of the etiology of dogmatism suggests education as a reasonable alternative to environmental manipulation in reducing bias.
Synthesis of isothermal reactor—separator—recycle systems

Abstract A systematic synthesis approach is presented for isothermal reactor—separator—recycle systems. The approach proposes a general superstructure of different reactors and separation tasks and features all the potential interconnections among the proposed units. The synthesis problem based upon the proposed superstructure results in a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation in which the objective function involves both integer and continuous variables and is subject to a nonlinear set of constraints. A variety of objectives was selected for the synthesis problem such as the minimization of the total annual cost of the plant and the maximization of its profit, as well as objectives traditionally used for optimizing the performance of a reactor network such as the product yield and selectivity. Discussion of the results and comparison among the different solutions obtained provided the ground for conclusions related to the potential trade-offs and the performance of the isothermal chemical systems under consideration.
The C-terminal portion of the Hrs protein interacts with Tsg101 and interferes with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag particle production.

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag protein recruits Tsg101 to facilitate HIV-1 particle budding and release. In uninfected cells, the Hrs protein recruits the ESCRT-I complex to the endosome, also through an interaction with Tsg101, to promote the sorting of host proteins into endosomal vesicles and multivesicular bodies. Here, we show that the overexpression of the C-terminal fragment of Hrs (residues 391 to 777) or Hrs mutants lacking either the N-terminal FYVE domain (mutant dFYVE) or the PSAP (residues 348 to 351) motif (mutant ASAA) all efficiently inhibit HIV-1 Gag particle production. Expression of the dFYVE or ASAA mutants of Hrs had no effect on the release of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis showed that the expression of Hrs mutant dFYVE or ASAA significantly reduced or abolished the HIV-1 Gag-Tsg101 interaction. Yeast-two hybrid assays were used to identify two new and independent Tsg101 binding sites, one in the Hrs coiled-coil domain and one in the proline/glutamic acid-rich domain. Scanning electron microscopy of HeLa cells expressing HIV-1 Gag and the Hrs ASAA mutant showed viral particles arrested in “lump-like” structures that remained attached to the cell surface. Together, these data indicate that fragments of Hrs containing the C-terminal portion of the protein can potently inhibit HIV-1 particle release by efficiently sequestering Tsg101 away from the Gag polyprotein.
Role of morphology and coupling agent in fracture performance of glass‐filled polypropylene

The effect of silane coupling agent on the morphology and fracture performance of particulates-filled polypropylene was investigated. The onset of the crystallization at the filler-matrix interface was observed by optical microscopy. This analysis shows that the silane alters the matrix morphology by inducing nucleation at the filler-matrix interface. This effect was attributed to the physisorbed layer of silane on the filler. The fracture performance of the composites was analyzed by the post yield fracture mechanics approach. The effect of coupling agent on the fracture performance was found to occur at a very low concentration, whereas subsequent increase in silane concentration had no effect. Furthermore, the effect of coupling agent depended on concentration of filler. Silane treatment had a detrimental effect at low concentration of filler. However, at high concentration of filler, an improvement in the filler-matrix adhesion had a beneficial effect on the fracture performance. Two phenomena, the morphological effect and the competition between the contribution of the matrix-filler interface and the contribution of the matrix, were found to be possible explanations for the variation of KRmax with filler concentration and adhesion at the matrix-filler interface.
Asymmetry of intronic pre-miRNA structures in functional RISC assembly

The two oligonucleotide strands of a siRNA duplex are functionally asymmetric in assembling the RNAi effector, RNA-induced gene silencing complex (RISC). Based on this asymmetric RISC assembly model in vitro, formation of a microRNA (miRNA) and complementary miRNA (miRNA*) duplex was proposed to be an essential step for the assembly of miRNA-associated RISC (miRISC). We observed here that a strong structural bias exists in the selection of a mature miRNA strand for RISC assembly in zebrafish using an intronic miRNA-like vector to target EGFP mRNA for regulation. The position of the stemloop in a precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) was involved in the determination of miRNA–miRNA* asymmetry of the pre-miRNA stemarm, leading to different miRNA maturation during miRISC assembly. These findings suggest that the miRISC assembly is likely different from the RISC assembly model of siRNA in zebrafish, providing the first in vivo evidence for asymmetric miRISC assembly.
Aggregation kinetics of popularity

Abstract The tools of aggregation kinetics are applied to the “popularity” phenomena of single-lane traffic clustering, and to the growth of a network that mimics citations of scientific publications. In the latter, the network is built by introducing papers (new nodes) one at a time, with preferential linking to more popular previously existing nodes. From the rate equations, the distribution of node degree, as well as various global properties, can be determined easily. A simple extension of the model appears to describe the degree distributions of the world-wide web.
Histone H2AX suppresses translocations in lymphomas of Eμ-c-Myctransgenic mice that contain a germline amplicon of tumor-promoting genes

The DNA damage response (DDR) can restrain the ability of oncogenes to cause genomic instability and drive malignant transformation. The gene encoding the histone H2AX DDR factor maps to 11q23, a region frequently altered in human cancers. Since H2ax functions as a haploinsufficient suppressor of B lineage lymphomas with c-Myc amplification and/or translocation, we determined the impact of H2ax expression on the ability of deregulated c-Myc expression to cause genomic instability and drive transformation of B cells. Neither H2ax deficiency nor haploinsufficiency affected the rate of mortality of Eμ-c-Myc mice from B lineage lymphomas with genomic deletions and amplifications. Yet H2ax functioned in a dosage-dependent manner to prevent unbalanced translocations in Eμ-c-Myc tumors, demonstrating that H2ax functions in a haploinsufficient manner to suppress allelic imbalances and limit molecular heterogeneity within and among Eμ-c-Myc lymphomas. Regardless of H2ax copy number, all Eμ-c-Myc tumors contained identical amplification of chromosome 19 sequences spanning 20 genes. Many of these genes encode proteins with tumor-promoting activities, including Cd274, which encodes the PD-L1 programmed death ligand that induces T cell apoptosis and enables cancer cells to escape immune surveillance. This amplicon was in non-malignant B and T cells and non-lymphoid cells, linked to the Eμ-c-Myc transgene, and associated with overexpression of PD-L1 on non-malignant B cells. Our data demonstrate that, in addition to deregulated c-Myc expression, non-malignant B lineage lymphocytes of Eμ-c-Myc transgenic mice may have constitutive amplification and increased expression of other tumor-promoting genes.
Optimism and Physical Health: A Meta-analytic Review

Background Prior research links optimism to physical health, but the strength of the association has not been systematically evaluated.
Static Switching Security in Multi-Period Transmission Switching

Transmission switching can improve the economic benefits of a power system through changing its topology during operations. However, the switching operation itself represents a step change in power systems, which is, to some extent, similar to a contingency that can bring disturbances into systems. This paper proposes a new model for multi-period, static-security-constrained transmission switching. Because the power flow on the network will be redistributed instantaneously after the switching operations, the new model involves using disjunctive programming, which considers two sets of power flow equations under possibly different topologies before/after switching. Each switchable transmission element is modeled into four actions or disjunctions. An action transition diagram coupling of four actions in different hours is used to represent feasible paths of instantaneous changes in the element status. Disjunctive formulations are transformed into mixed-integer programming problems. We compare the difference of the previous transmission switching model and the proposed one by using several numerical tests and verify the effectiveness of our solution methodology in the six-bus and RTS-96 systems.
The effect of varying gene dosage on aleurone colour in maize

1. A new dominant geneDt interacts with recessivea 1 in the presence of the dominant allels of the other factors concerned with aleurone colour to give coloured dots scattered over the aleurone layer.Dt is specific in its interaction with recessivea 1.
Electron-spin relaxation times of chromium(V)

Abstract The electron-spin relaxation times of four Cr(V) complexes have been measured by time-domain methods from 10 to 220 K for T1 and from 80 to 220 K for TM. The magnitudes and temperature dependence of the relaxation times are more similar to those of simple organic radicals than those of transition metals. Specific comparison is made to the relaxation times of nitroxyl radicals. For the nitroxyl radical and three of the Cr(V) complexes, the temperature dependence of the phase memory time, TM, in 1:1 water: glycerol between 80 and 160 K is attributed to the effects of methyl group rotation. The activation energy for the methyl group rotation is 2 kcal/mol for the nitroxyl, 1.5 kcal/mol for a methyl group on the Cr(V) chelate ring, and 1.0 kcal / mol for the methyl of an ethyl group on the Cr(V) chelate ring.
Separation of Metals by Continuous Annular Chromatography with Step Elution

Abstract A continuous annular chromatograph (CAC) was used to separate dilute aqueous mixtures of iron and chromium salts using Dowex 50W-X8 as the sorbent. While an isocratic separation of the two species could be easily obtained, this mode of operation resulted in excessive dilution of the products. Introduction of a step in eluent concentration, however, permitted a much more efficient separation of the two metals. Separation of Fe3+ and Cr3+remained nearly complete but elution of the more strongly retained species (Cr3+) occurred over a much narrower angle and dilution of the product streams was significantly reduced or even eliminated in some cases. A theoretical model was developed to describe the operation of the continuous annular chromatograph with step elution. With the inclusion of significant dispersive factors (axial dispersion and film mass transfer resistance), the solution of the model equations provided an excellent prediction of the experimental CAC data. Similar improvements to the CAC ...
Chronic Candidal Meningitis: An Uncommon Manifestation of Candidiasis

Chronic meningitis is an uncommon manifestation of candidiasis. We present the case of an elderly woman who had symptoms such as headache, malaise, and fever for 8 months and was found to have Candida albicans meningitis, and we review 17 similar cases. An underlying illness or risk factor for candidiasis was present in only 13 (72%) of the 18 patients. Headache, fever, and nuchal rigidity were the predominant clinical findings. Analysis of CSF showed either mononuclear or neutrophilic pleocytosis, an elevated protein level, and a decreased level of glucose. Only 17% of CSF smears were positive, and only 44% of initial CSF cultures yielded Candida species. In four cases, Candida species grew only after special techniques were used; in three cases, CSF cultures remained negative. The overall mortality associated with candidal meningitis was 53%, but among 12 patients who were treated and followed, the rate was 33%. In addition to acute meningitis seen with disseminated infection, Candida species can cause chronic meningitis that mimics tuberculosis and the more common fungal meningitides, such as cryptococcosis.
Modeling resistivity anomalies from localized voids under irregular terrain

In applying earth resistivity methods to the problem of locating and delineating subsurface structures, surface elevation variations along the surveyed terrain introduce distortions in the soundings. The analysis presented here is aimed at characterizing such terrain variations in the detection of relatively small subsurface targets such as caves, sinks, and tunnels in otherwise homogeneous earth materials. The analytical approach involves, first, the development of a suitable earth resistivity model for localized three‐dimensional subsurface anomalies in a homogeneous flat half‐space. Next, in order to apply the half‐space resistivity model to irregular terrain, a Schwarz‐Christoffel transformation is utilized to map the terrain surface variations into an equivalent flat half‐space. The technique is illustrated by calculating the resistivity response of three tunnels located below a hill with 40-m valleys on either side.
Online Homework for Agricultural Economics Instruction: Frankenstein’s Monster or Robo TA?

This paper describes the programming required for online homework, evaluates its use, and presents methods for student identification and for processing student input. Online homework applications were evaluated in a real class setting. Generally, online homework is cost effective for large classes that have numerous assignments and repeated usage. Online homework appears to increase learning through increased student study-time allocations. Students felt that online homework made course website interaction more productive. They also indicated that online homework increased their perception of the value of lectures and that its use in other courses would be welcome. All findings were highly statistically significant.
Three-Dimensional Responses of a Tied-Back Excavation through Clay

The three-dimensional ground deformations measured during construction of a 12.8 m deep tiedback excavation in Chicago are presented. The excavation was supported by a PZ-27 sheet pile wall and three levels of regroutable ground anchors. The excavation was made through granular soils into soft to medium stiff clays. Extensive field performance data were collected including lateral and vertical optical survey data and lateral inclinometer data. Construction procedures are summarized and correlated with monitoring data. The three dimensional pattern of ground surface deformations around the excavation is summarized. A performance-based relation to estimate the maximum horizontal ground movements for flexible wall systems as a function of factor of safety against basal heave and excavation depth is proposed. An empirical approach to estimate the distribution of ground movements parallel to a supported wall is presented.
Amoxapine in Human Overdose

Amoxaplne, a trlcyclic antidepressant, is metabolized to 8-hydroxyamoxapine and 7.hydroxyamoxaplne. There are few reports on the metabolism of this drug and correlation of clinical symptoms in overdose patients. Five such patients admitted to the Emergency Unit of the University of Cincinnati Hospital were studied. Clinically, all had seizures and evidence of altered cardiac function. The amounts of the parent drug and the 7- and 8-hydroxy metabolltea were measured and, in all cases, the parent and 8-hydroxy metabollte were present in both urine and serum, in contrast, the 7-hydroxysmoxaplne was found in trace amounts in the serum of only two patients, but in the urine of all the patients observed. These observations were confirmed by gas chromatographic/mass spectroscopic analysis. The pattern of metabolism was analogous to that found in patients on maintenance doses of the drug. In two overdose patients, it was possible to monitor the levels as a function of time. The elimination curve of parent and metabollte was first order with a half-life of 8.5 to 15.0 and 48 hr, respectively.
Cascaded diffractive optical elements for improved multiplane image reconstruction

Computer-generated phase-only diffractive optical elements in a cascaded setup are designed by one deterministic and one stochastic algorithm for multiplane image formation. It is hypothesized that increasing the number of elements as wavefront modulators in the longitudinal dimension would enlarge the available solution space, thus enabling enhanced image reconstruction. Numerical results show that increasing the number of holograms improves quality at the output. Design principles, computational methods, and specific conditions are discussed.
Reconciling “Third Space/Place”: Toward a Complementary Dialectical Understanding of Volunteer Management

This study explicates dialectical tensions in volunteer–manager communication stemming from the contested nature of volunteering and fluidity of volunteer membership. Interviews and observations of...
Use of the name "Progestin".

There is considerable confusion concerning the use of the term "progestin" in referring to progestational compounds. Such term is often restricted to progestational agents that are synthetic and excludes progesterone which is a natural compound. In 1930 when progesterone had not yet been isolated the term "progestin" was proposed for the name of this ovarian hormone. During the next 5 years progress was made in the isolation and chemical identification of the substance referred to as "progestin." The term progesterone was then approved for use in describing the pure crystalline progestational hormone during the Health Organization of the League of Nations meeting in 1935. In subsequent years the term "progestogen" became widely used when referring to the general class of progestational agents including progesterone and synthetic compounds. More recently the term "progestin" has become more widely used when referring to synthetic progestational agents but there is no consensus. A consensus should be established to determine the generic name of progestational compounds to avoid confusion and ambiguity in definition.
Winter mixed layer development in the central Irminger Sea : the effect of strong, intermittent wind events

Abstract The impact of the Greenland tip jet on the wintertime mixed layer of the southwest Irminger Sea is investigated using in situ moored profiler data and a variety of atmospheric datasets. The mixed layer was observed to reach 400 m in the spring of 2003 and 300 m in the spring of 2004. Both of these winters were mild and characterized by a low North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. A typical tip jet event is associated with a low pressure system that is advected by upper-level steering currents into the region east of Cape Farewell and interacts with the high topography of southern Greenland. Heat flux time series for the mooring site were constructed that include the enhancing influence of the tip jet events. This was used to force a one-dimensional mixed layer model, which was able to reproduce the observed envelope of mixed layer deepening in both winters. The deeper mixed layer of the first winter was largely due to a higher number of robust tip jet events, which in turn was caused by the stee...
Bit-Error Rate Estimation for Bang-Bang Clock and Data Recovery Circuit in High-Speed Serial Links

Clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits incorporating a bang-bang (BB) phase detector have been widely adopted in high-speed serial links due to their advantages in high speed implementations. However, the heavily non-linear nature of the BB phase detector makes the analysis of the CDR loop difficult. In this paper, we propose a new technique for accurate and efficient estimation of the bit- error rate (BER) for BB CDR circuits. The technique estimates the BER based on the spectral information of jitter and the jitter transfer characteristics of the BB CDR circuit. It eliminates the conventional BER measurement process and, thus, substantially accelerates the jitter tolerance test. In addition, this technique offers insights into the behavior of the non-linear CDR loop and the contribution of the jitter to the BER. We present simulation results that demonstrate the potential usefulness of the method.
Neuroleptic-induced catatonia in two hospitalized patients.

Purpose: To report the cases of 2 hospitalized patients with chronic psychotic disorders who developed neuroleptic-induced catatonia (NIC), a catatonic-extrapyramidal syndrome occurring after admin...
Subduction geometry of the Yakutat terrane, southeastern Alaska

We use broadband seismic data acquired by the St. Elias Erosion/Tectonics Project (STEEP) and the Alaska Earthquake Information Center to image the geometry of the subducting Yakutat Block in southeast Alaska. We combine results for both P- and S-wave receiver functions. P-wave to S-wave data were imaged with a fully three-dimensional wavefield imaging method centered on the STEEP region. The S-wave to P-wave data were imaged using a simpler common conversion point stacking method at two scales: a regional scale covering all of southeast Alaska and a smaller scale identical to the P-wave data. Our data confirm that the southeastern Alaska subduction zone extends from the eastern end of the Aleutian Trench an additional 300 km to the Fairweather–Queen Charlotte fault system. We also locate the boundary between the Yakutat Block and North American Plate. We find direct evidence that the subducted Yakutat Block and Pacific plate slabs are continuous and that Yakutat Block subduction extends from Prince William Sound to the east at least as far as Icy Bay. The dip angle of the slab ranges from 11° to 16° with a gradual increase from west to east across this region. Our data show a clear separation between the subducted Yakutat Block and the North American Plate under the Alaska Range, suggesting that deformation along the Denali fault and interior Alaska is not the product of coupling between North America and the subducted Yakutat Block. This dip angle also places the subducted Yakutat Block at the proper depth to produce arc magmatism found in the Wrangell volcanic field. Modeling the geometry of the system suggests that sedimentary cover is being stripped at the western side of the Yakutat Block and the lower crust of the Yakutat Block is involved in the subduction. The system transitions from a single dipping megathrust on the western side of the Yakutat Block to intense shortening in the vicinity of Mount Saint Elias, where we suggest that the lower crust is likely undergoing ductile deformation and has thickened more than 60 km under the Peninsular terrane.
The Woman of Letters at Home: Harriet Martineau and the Lake District

“HOW MANY TRAVELLERS from all lands have visited this dwelling among the Westmoreland mountains as a shrine!” (377). So begins Maria Weston Chapman's 1877 homage to The Knoll, Harriet Martineau's Ambleside home. By the 1870s The Knoll had become a regular stop on literary tours of the Lake District. This was of course partly due to the fact that Martineau's literary reputation had established her as a central figure in most major political and social controversies of her day, including industrial relations, women's rights, and abolition. By the time she came to settle in the Lake District, Martineau had already published over a dozen successful works, including Illustrations of Political Economy, Society in America, and Deerbrook. She had also published numerous articles in literary periodicals such as the Westminster Review, Tait's Edinburgh Magazine, and the Monthly Repository.
Transference in Psychoanalysis: Classical, Contemporary, and Cultural Contexts

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by R.S. Wallerstein, volume 23, pp. 15851–15856, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Estimation of the poly (ε-caprolactone) [PCL] and α-cyclodextrin [α-CD] stoichiometric ratios in their inclusion complexes [ICs], and evaluation of porosity and fiber alignment in PCL nanofibers containing these ICs.

This paper describes the utilization of Proton-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) to quantify the stoichiometric ratios between poly (e-caprolactone) [PCL] and α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) present in their non-stoichiometric inclusion complexes [(n-s)-ICs]. This paper further describes the porosity and fiber alignment of PCL nanofibers nucleated by the [(n-s)-ICs] during electrospinning. 1H NMR indicated that the two non-stoichiometric inclusion complexes utilized in this study had differing stoichiometric ratios that were closely similar to those of the starting ratios used to make them. Studies on porosity and fiber alignments were conducted on the scanning electron microscope images using ImageJ. The data indicates that both fiber alignment as well as porosity values remain almost the same over all the samples. Thus we can conclude the improvement in mechanical properties was due only to the loading of the ICs, and their subsequent interaction with bulk unthreaded PCL.
Real-time parameter estimation for arbitrary aerial manipulators

In this paper we present a novel algorithm for estimating system parameters of arbitrary aerial manipulators. We abstract an aerial manipulator as a rigid body with forces and torques applied at arbitrary locations. It is also assumed that there are sensors that measure forces, accelerations and angular velocities at these locations. The problem studied here is to fuse these sensor data in real time to estimate mass, location of center of gravity, moment of inertia matrix and the locations where these forces are applied. We analytically derive expressions that relate these quantities to the sensor data instantly or over consecutive samples. We also characterize the motion of the manipulator for which such estimates are impossible to obtain. This characterization allows us to define maneuvers for the aerial manipulator for which we can always determine the rigid body parameters. The algorithm is successfully demonstrated on a quad-rotor system with a moving arm, which causes real-time variation in the inertia matrix and the center-of-gravity location.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Nanosecond-Pulsed Plasma Activated C2H4/O2/Ar Mixtures in a Low Temperature Flow Reactor

The present work combines numerical and experimental efforts together to investigate the effect of low temperature, nano-second pulsed plasma discharges on the oxidation of C2H4/O2/Ar mixtures at 60 Torr pressure. The non-equilibrium plasma discharge is modeled by a two-temperature framework with detailed chemistry-plasma mechanism. The model shows that 75%~77% of input pulse energy was consumed in electron impact dissociation, excitation and ionization reactions, which efficiently produces significant amount of important radical species, fuel fragments and several excited species. The trends of numerical and experimental results agree well. The results from 1D model are compared with 0D model and it show that 1D model in general agrees better with experiments than 0D model. The modeling results reveal that reactions between O(1D) and hydrocarbons are importantly affecting the formation of C2H6, CH2CO, CH2O, CO, CO2, H2O2, H2O, O2(aaΔΔgg) and O2(bbΣΣgg). Due to the persistent relatively high level of O2(aaΔΔgg) and O2(bbΣΣgg), C2H2 converts into HCO directly without the need of going through the intermediate species of HCCO, CH2* and CH2 in the case without plasma. Owing to the long lifetime of O2(aaΔΔgg), this effect can last to 3.1 sec after the finish of all 150 pulses.
Motivational enhancement of cognitive control depends on depressive symptoms

Performance feedback can motivate improvements in executive function (Ravizza, Goudreau, Delgado, & Ruiz, 2012). The present study examines whether the enhancement of task switching with performance feedback is modulated by the level of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms have been linked to deficits in processing affective information inherent to such feedback (Henriques, Glowacki, & Davidson, 1994; Pizzagalli, Jahn, & O'Shea, 2005). Task switching speed was assessed when performance feedback about accuracy was present or absent in a group of participants with minimal to moderate levels of depression. A significant positive correlation was observed between depressive symptoms and feedback effects on executive function indicating that those with lower depressive symptoms were more likely to show improvements in switching speed when performance feedback was present. These results suggest a novel link between executive function deficits and depression symptoms; namely, that greater levels of depressive symptoms are linked to diminished executive functioning via deficits in processing the affective component of performance feedback.
Inspectors' Stopping Policy after Fault Detection

Two experiments were conducted to examine the stopping policy of inspectors after they detected a faulty item. Self-paced subjects inspected 113 computer-drawn geometric patterns. Inspection time and detection rate were measured. The predictions of reinforcement theory, expectancy theory, and a combined theory of the two were compared. The results were found to be consistent with the combined theory where, following the detection of a faulty item, stopping time decreases for the second and third items, increases for the sixth and seventh items, and then levels off This phenomenon is found consistently for different levels of defect difficulty and for different informed or feed-forward defect rates. Field-dependent inspectors, designated so by their scores on the Group Embedded Figures Test, were found to detect more faulty items.
An Intelligence Method for Giant Magneto-resistance Based DC Electronic Current Transformer

The improvement of stable and reliable operation of giant magneto-resistance(GMR) based active electronic current transformer is one of key problems.An intelligent GMR based DC current transformer is designed.A self-calibration module,which realizes the on-line calibration of GMR sensor,is designed and embedded in the high-voltage side circuit.Then,the self-modification method,which is utilized to solve the non-linear problem of GMR sensor,is proposed.Finally,the self-diagnosis method of the high-voltage side circuit is introduced,and the backup microcontroller is used to improve reliability.The performance of the intelligence method is verified by testing results.The stable and reliable operation of the GMR based DC current transformer is improved significantly.
Calculation of structural radiation sound field in a semi-infinite region

In this paper, based on the Helmholtz integral equation in a semi-infinite region,the radiated sound field of an arbitrary shaped structure is calculated with Boundary Element Method (BEM). Problems of singular integration, characteristic frequencies, normal noncontinuity at edges and corners, large error in high frequency bands that associated with the using of Boundary Element Method are treated effectively and conveniently. Theoretic numerical calculations are also given to show the high accuracy of these methods.
Formations of United States Colonialism

Formations of United States Imperialism is an important collection that breathes new life into the study of American imperialism. Over the past 10 years, scholars have commented on declining pace a...
How Frequency of Electrosurgical Current and Electrode Size Affect the Depth of Electrocoagulation.

Background Many factors affect the depth of electrocoagulation. Objective To evaluate the effect of current frequency and electrode size on the depth of electrocoagulation. Methods and materials In this in vitro study, 4 cylindrical electrodes (2, 2.3, 3, and 4 mm) were used to apply 3 electrosurgical currents (0.4, 1.5, and 3 MHz) to bovine liver. Each electrode was placed at different points on the surface of the liver, and energy at various levels and frequencies was delivered to the tissue. Subsequently, cross-sections of the liver were analyzed. Results Coagulation started at the periphery of the electrode-tissue contact area. With higher energy levels, coagulation spreads to involve the remainder of the contact area. Neither the frequency nor the electrode size had any effect on this coagulation pattern. The frequency of the current also did not show any relation with depth of coagulation; however, there was a direct correlation between the size of the electrode and the depth of coagulation. Conclusion Larger-tip electrodes provided deeper coagulation compared with finer-tip electrodes.
Michael Oakeshott and the Postulates of Individuality

Michael Oakeshott provides the best articulation of the widespread view that the moral foundations of the modern state limit it to the defense and maintenance of a system of formal rules governing ...
Objection: Defensive Killing or Execution?

Now that the argument has been made that bin Laden was liable to be killed, this chapter addresses a particularly powerful objection against this view. The objection has been strongly given by Noam Chomsky, so it is his articulation of it that is engaged. Namely, the objection claims that the killing was in fact merely an act of revenge, aiming to kill bin Laden as a kind of extra-judicial execution. Moreover, this objection argues that, in the least, bin Laden should have been captured rather than killed. I respond to this objection by arguing that, in fact, the best moral accounting of the killing is on the liability, rights-based approach, not a desert-based model. Therein I contend that bin Laden was properly liable to be killed, not merely captured, because of the unique and extraordinary way in which his capture would have actually exacerbated, rather than thwarted, his unjust threat.
Integrating Popular Music and Informal Music Learning Practices: A Multiple Case Study of Secondary School Music Teachers Enacting Change in Music Education

The purpose of this multiple case study was to examine the practices and perspectives of four music teachers who integrated popular music and informal music learning practices into their secondary ...
Migrating intimacies: Media representations of same-sex love among migrant women in East Asia:

This article explores contemporary photography and film works that highlight same-sex intimacy among female Southeast Asian migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong. My discussion expands upon feminist migration scholarship by examining how these projects document new migrant socialities and, further, how they invite reflection on the often transient intimacies they depict. As I show, the works render legible and validate sexual and romantic affiliations among migrant women that are commonly elided from their public representation. Yet the visual narratives move notions of intimacy beyond the frameworks of permanence, domesticity, and heteronormativity to interrogate how such framings intersect with concepts of good citizenship and market logics of privacy that foreclose the visibility of non-normative migrant socialities. What is more, by circulating “improper” images of migrant women's same-sex intimacies, the photography and film works mobilize alternative value economies through which the women's experie...
Assessing the role of trap-to-band impact ionization and hole transport on the dark currents of 4H-SiC photoconductive switches containing deep defects

Simulation studies of the electrical response characteristics of 4H-SiC switches containing traps are reported in the absence of photoexcitation. The focus is on trap-to-band impact ionization and the role of hole injection from the anode. Simulations show that hole-initiated ionization can be more important than the electron-initiated process. The results also underscore the role of hole injection at the high applied voltages. Our one-dimensional, time-dependent model yielded reasonable agreement with measured current-voltage data spanning over three orders of magnitude, but only when impact ionization was taken into account. Finally, the simulations predicted undulations in the device conduction current density with respect to time, due to the dynamic interplay between impact ionization, spatial electric field values, and occupancies of the trap levels.
Reduction in Jail Emergency Department Visits and Closure After Implementation of On-Site Urgent Care.

This descriptive study evaluates the impact of implementation of full service on-site urgent care services at the Los Angeles County Jail (LACJ) by examining the number of patients seen at the refe...
Unrelated Donor T-Cell Depleted (TCD) Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) for Patients with Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS): The MSKCC Experience

Abstract 1996 The outcomes of unrelated HSCT have markedly improved with the advent of high resolution HLA-typing. However, graft-versus host disease (GvHD) remains a limiting factor, particularly in mismatched transplants. Several studies have demonstrated that TCD reduces the incidence of acute and chronic GvHD, potentially allowing for improved outcomes in the mismatched setting. We have observed excellent long term survival in our early experience performing matched related TCD HSCT in patients with advanced MDS, particularly in patients who achieve a complete remission (CR) or second refractory cytopenia phase (RCy2) prior to transplant. We report here our experience performing unrelated TCD HSCT in 85 consecutive patients with advanced MDS. From 1989–2011, 85 patients with advanced MDS (IPSS Intermediate risk [IR]-1 or higher) and AML transformed from MDS underwent TCD HSCT (18 bone marrow [BM], 67 mobilized peripheral blood [PB]) from unrelated donors following conditioning with a total body irradiation-based (25 patients) or a busulfan-based (60 patients) myeloablative regimen. 49 donors were fully matched and 36 were partially matched (9/10 HLA matched: 23; 8/10 HLA matched: 8; 7/10 HLA matched: 1; and 5/6 HLA matched: 4 [before high resolution typing]). The median age was 55 (range 4–73). Prior to conditioning, 80 patients received chemotherapy (28 with a hypomethylating agent, 65 with intensive chemotherapy, and nine with both) and five patients did not receive chemotherapy. Prior to transplant, 34 of the 80 patients who received chemotherapy were in CR, 30 were in RCy2, and 15 failed to achieve remission (10 with RAEB, 5 with AML). Of the five patients who did not receive chemotherapy, two had refractory anemia and three had RAEB. The BM grafts were depleted of T-cells using the soybean agglutinin method followed by sheep RBC rosetting, and the G-CSF mobilized PB stem cell grafts were depleted of T-cells using immunomagnetic CD34+ selection (Isolex initially and CliniMACS after 09/2011). Rejection prophylaxis with ATG was used in all patients. No post-transplant pharmacologic prophylaxis for GvHD was given. 82 of 85 patients engrafted (92%). Three died before engraftment (3.5%, all These results indicate that patients with advanced MDS can achieve durable remissions and long term survival after unrelated TCD HSCT with low rates of acute and chronic GVHD even with mismatched donors. Selecting patients for HSCT before progression to IPSS HR disease and induction into CR or RCy2 prior to transplant may maximize the efficacy of this approach. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Antithrombotic Activity of Kininogen Is Mediated by Inhibitory Effects of Domain 3 on Thrombin-Induced Platelet Activation, In Vivo.

Background: High molecular weight kininogen (HK) exhibits anticoagulant and profibrinolytic properties and can inhibit platelet activation at low thrombin concentrations. HK acting through domain 3 (D3) is antithrombotic by interfering with the ability of thrombin to bind to the platelet GPIb complex in vitro . We hypothesize that rapid occlusive thrombosis due to de-endothelization of the aorta is due to enhanced platelet activation by thrombin and will be reversed by infusion of D3 or D3-derived peptides. Methods: F6HKd (deficient in HK) and F6WT (wild-type) strains were produced from offspring of kininogen-deficient Brown-Norway rats by backcrossing to Lewis rats for 6 generations to ensure homogenous genetic background. In the present study, we have expressed kininogen domain 3 (D3) and a fragment of D3, coded for by exon 7, E7P (aaG235-Q292), in E. Coli as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins. GST-D3 and either GST-E7P or GST alone was infused intravenously 10 min before inducing the endothelial injury to the abdominal aorta. (Each group n = 5) Results: Despite an equivalent vascular injury, the mean time (± SEM) for a 90% decrease in flow measured by an ultrasonic probe was 28±5.2 minutes in GST-treated F6HKd rats compared with >240 minutes in the GST-D3 and 233±6.7 in GST-E7P-treated animals. Differences between GST and either GST-D3 or GST-E7P pretreatments were highly significant (p<0.0002). F6WT showed no occlusion at 240 min after injury. In F6HKd rats, TAT concentrations were increased from 32±5.1 to 52±4.1 ng/ml (p<0.007). Similarly D-dimer concentrations were increased from 94±16.3 to 145±9.6 ng/ml (p<0.01) after endothelial injury with only GST pretreatment. With GST-E7P pretreatment, TAT and D-dimer levels were significantly decreased from the GST-treated group (TAT from 52±4.1 to 36±4 ng/ml, p<0.01 and D-dimer from 145±9.6 to 69±11.9 ng/ml, p<0.0007). No significant difference was observed between the GST-E7P pretreated injured and non-injured F6HKd rats or between the F6WT rats which were injured and non-injured. Conclusions: The results suggest that F6HKd rats are prothrombotic. After endothelial injury thrombotic occlusion occurs and is characterized by thrombin formation with secondary fibrinolysis. Moreover, thrombin-induced platelet activation is inhibited by D3 or the polypeptide coded for by exon 7 product in vivo . These results indicate the importance of HK in modulating arterial thrombosis and the possibility of therapy with HK fragments.
On the Interpretation of the Hazard Ratio and Communication of Survival Benefit

This brief communication will clarify the difference between a relative hazard and a relative risk. We highlight the importance of this difference, and demonstrate in practical terms that 1 minus the hazard ratio should not be interpreted as a risk reduction in the commonly understood sense of the term. This article aims to provide a better understanding of the type of risk reduction that a hazard ratio implies, thereby clarifying the intent in the communication among practitioners and researchers and establishing an accurate and realistic foundation for communicating with patients. The Oncologist 2017;22:484-486.
Angiomotin-like 2 interacts with and negatively regulates AKT

Angiomotin-like 2 (AMOTL2) is a member of Angiomotin family proteins, which are potent inhibitors for the Hippo pathway effector YAP. However, additional cellular functions of AMOTL2 besides YAP inhibition are largely unknown. Here, we reported that AMOTL2 associates with and negatively regulates AKT. Mechanistically, AMOTL2 binds to AKT pleckstrin homology domain and interrupts AKT's membrane localization. Liver-specific depletion of AMOTL2 enlarged mouse liver and activated both YAP and AKT. Downregulation of AMOTL2 is found in human liver cancers, correlating with the concomitant activation of YAP and AKT. Together, our results provide novel insights into a dual tumor suppressive function of AMOTL2 by targeting both YAP and AKT in liver size control and cancer prevention.