cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling of passive elements with ASITIC

Passive elements are key building blocks in realizing fully integrated low cost RF transceivers. The analysis and modeling of passive elements is critical in the design and optimization of building blocks, especially when the quality of passive elements determines the overall achievable performance. Analysis of passive elements near the silicon substrate, though, necessitates solving Maxwell's equations. Furthermore, simulation of passive elements in tools such as SPICE requires lumped-element equivalent circuit models derived through optimization. ASITIC is a software tool that aids the RF designer in the process of design and simulation of such structures.
Haemodynamic patterns in patients with scorpion envenomation

Objective—To study cardiovascular haemodynamics following scorpion envenomation. Setting—Intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients—Eight patients with Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) stings. Intervention—Captopril (6.25 to 12.5 mg orally) every 30 minutes until pulmonary oedema resolved. Main outcome measures—Haemodynamic data obtained by pulmonary artery catheterisation. Results—Two haemodynamic patterns were seen. There was a predominant vascular effect in one patient, with severe hypertension, tachycardia, increased systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI = 5893 dyn.s.cm-5), and normal cardiac index (2.73 l/m2). A predominant myocardial effect with left ventricular dysfunction and normal right ventricular function was seen in the other seven patients, with tachycardia, pulmonary oedema, mild hypotension, reduced stroke volume (mean (SD), 25.9 (8.3) ml/m2), normal SVRI (1812 (831) dyn.s.cm−5), and increased pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP = 25 (4.4) mm Hg). Following mild dehydration pulmonary oedema subsided (PAWP = 14 (8.5) mm Hg) in three of these patients, but hypovolaemic shock developed (right atrial pressure (RAP) = 1.3 (2.1) mm Hg); pulmonary oedema recurred with rehydration. One patient developed fatal cardiogenic shock with raised PAWP (27 mm Hg) and RAP (11 mm Hg), and vasodilatation (SVRI = 1129 dyn.s.cm−5). Stroke volume (30.5 (8.7) ml/m2) and cardiac output (4.3 (1.5) l/m2) improved with resolution of pulmonary oedema (PAWP = 14.4 (4.2) mm Hg) following afterload reduction with captopril. Conclusions—Mild envenomation causes severe vasoconstriction and hypertension. Severe envenomation produces predominant left ventricular dysfunction with normal systemic vascular resistance manifesting as pulmonary oedema or severe hypotension depending on the fluid balance. Shock due to biventricular dysfunction and vasodilatation occurs terminally. Keywords: scorpion sting; myocarditis; pulmonary oedema; animal toxin
Infectious mononucleosis. A review of the literature, including recent findings on etiology.

Abstract Infectious mononucleosis is often difficult to diagnose and, since lesions in the oral cavity are often the first clinical symptoms, the dentist may be the first member of the healing professions to see the patient. The possibility of this disease should be considered in the evaluation of mandibular and cervical lymph node enlargement following surgical dental procedures where infection does not seem to be a factor.
Distinct Characteristics of Resistance to Borrelia burgdorferi-Induced Arthritis in C57BL/6N Mice

Studies of mice infected with Borrelia burgdorferi have indicated that the severity of arthritis is influenced by the genetic composition of the host: the C3H mouse develops severe arthritis while BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice develop mild arthritis. In this study, the effects of increasing infectious dose on the severity of arthritis were determined in these three mouse strains. C3H/He mice developed severe arthritis at all infectious doses, with 100% infection requiring 200 spirochetes. In BALB/cAnN mice, arthritis severity was dependent on infectious dose; symptoms were mild with infection by 200 B. burgdorferi and progressively more severe with increasing infectious dose. Infection of BALB/cAnN mice with 2 x 10(4) B. burgdorferi resulted in arthritis with severity identical to that in C3H/He mice. Spirochete levels in rear ankle joints of C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice were relatively high, as detected by PCR, and did not increase with infectious dose. Spirochete levels in joints from BALB/cAnN mice increased with increasing infectious dose to levels found in severely arthritic C3H/He mice. Thus, resistance to severe arthritis in BALB/cAnN mice was conditional: it could be overcome by high infectious dose and the arthritis became severe when high levels of B. burgdorferi were present in joints. A unique response to increasing infectious dose was seen in C57BL/6N mice, which displayed mild to moderate arthritis at all doses of B. burgdorferi tested, up to 2 x 10(5). At all infectious doses, the levels of spirochetes in ankle joints of C57BL/6N mice were high, equivalent to those found in the severely arthritic C3H/He mice. The arthritis observed in infected (C57BL/6N x C3H/HeN)F1 mice was of severity intermediate between those of the two parental strains. The finding that resistance to severe arthritis in C57BL/6N mice could not be overcome by high infectious doses and was independent of spirochete levels in joints suggested that it was mediated by a distinct mechanism from that operating in BALB/cAnN mice.
Designing and optimizing compute kernels on NVIDIA GPUs

The availability of high performance compute capability in NVIDIA GPUs has expanded their use in CAD environments. We will describe the basic compute models including host/device programming models, device multi-thread programming models, as well optimization and performance tuning techniques.
Urban voices: the quality-of-life experience among women of color with breast cancer.

Objectives Research on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) among women of color (i.e., Hispanics and African Americans) with breast cancer suggests that they may be at elevated risk for a variety of physical and psychosocial sequelae. The context in which these women perceive, experience, and respond to these HRQL challenges can provide important information for planning a culturally appropriate palliative care treatment plan. Methods In an effort to understand the quality of life experience after breast cancer among women of color, this study describes the nature and impact of physical, emotional, and menopausal symptoms among African American (n = 8) and Hispanic (n = 12) breast cancer survivors based on qualitative data gathered through semistructured interviews. Themes were identified and categorized into six HRQL domains: physical (e.g., pain, nausea), psychological (e.g., sadness, irritability), cognitive (e.g., memory problems), sexual (e.g., decreased desire), social/functional (e.g., financial strain, social distress), and spiritual/existential (e.g., increased faith, spiritual coping), with high interrater reliability (kappa = .81). Results For both groups, physical issues had a major impact on HRQL, with psychological issues being additionally salient for Hispanic women. Most (88%) African American women voiced positive changes in their faith after diagnosis whereas 50% of Hispanic women viewed faith as an important way of coping with breast cancer. Significance of results This research broadens our understanding of the experience of breast cancer among ethnic minority women, and in turn, offers some key directions for guiding the development of culturally tailored HRQL interventions.
SPICE modeling of memristors

In this paper we present a SPICE model for the titanium dioxide memristor device from its modeling equations as described in [1] and compare the SPICE simulations to the experimental data.
Pulmonary homograft monocusp reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract: outcomes to the intermediate term.

Background There is limited information on longer-term outcomes of pulmonary homograft monocusp (PHM) reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Methods A retrospective review of 131 consecutive patients undergoing RVOT reconstruction with PHM was completed. Results Median age was 7.6 months (range, 1 day to 14 years) and weight was 7.3 kg (range, 2 to 65 kg). Most patients (108 of 131; 82%) underwent repair for Tetralogy. After PHM, median duration of mechanical ventilation was 1 day (range, 0 to 89) and hospital stay was 6.5 days (range, 2 to 137). Hospital mortality was 2% (3 of 131) with 1 patient undergoing early replacement of PHM. Echocardiogram at hospital discharge demonstrated peak RVOT gradient of 16 mm Hg (range, 4 to 64 mm Hg); and pulmonary insufficiency was absent/trivial in 40%, mild in 42%, moderate in 16%, and severe in 2%. Follow-up is completed in 91% of hospital survivors at a median of 5 years (range, 1 to 12). There were 5 late deaths, with an actuarial survival of 96% ± 3.7%, 94% ± 4.6%, and 89% ± 9.2% at 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years, respectively. There were 24 reinterventions, including 10 pulmonary valve replacements. Median time to valve replacement was 1.9 years (range, 0.4 to 4.6). Actuarial freedom from pulmonary valve replacement was 97% ± 3.0%, 90% ± 6.1%, and 85% ± 10.3% at 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years, respectively. Echocardiogram at last follow-up demonstrated no increase in RVOT gradient compared with hospital discharge (16 mm Hg), but there was significant increase in pulmonary insufficiency (mild 27%, moderate 39%, severe 34%). Conclusions Pulmonary homograft monocusp reconstruction is an alternative strategy for RVOT reconstruction and provides early but gradually diminishing protection against pulmonary insufficiency without a risk of stenosis. As expected, PHM function decreases over time as the RVOT grows and the homograft tissue undergoes structural deterioration.
A new ICA algorithm for blind source separation

We propose a nonparametric independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm for the case of instantaneous and linear mixtures. Our algorithm combines minimization of correlation among nonlinear expansions of the output signals with good initialization derived from a search guided by statistical tests for independence. Simulation results obtained from both synthetic and real-life data show that our method provides consistent results and compares favorably to existing ICA algorithms.
Back Stage at Social Problems : An Analysis of the Editorial Decision Process, 1993- 1996

The publication of scholarly papers in professional journals certifies new contributions to knowledge, as well as the skills of the authors who have subjected their work to a process of critical review. The peer review process, designed to attract quality research with the use of objective practices, cannot avoid the infusion of particularistic judgments. This study examines how more than 600 manuscripts submitted to Social Problems were processed by its editor and associate editor. It traces the influences of manuscript, author, and reviewer characteristics as papers are judged, initially by the editor, subsequently by expert reviewers, and, once again, by the editor. The reviewers' recommendations, although often reflecting disagreement, outweigh all the other measured factors that may affect the editor's decisions. The editors, however, remain obligated to formulate credible accounts of the decision process, especially when a final disposition departs from the recommendation made by expert reviewers.
Very-high-frequency lowpass filter based on a CMOS active inductor

An all-transistor lowpass biquad based on an active inductor for operation up to several gigahertz is presented. A convenient parasitic notch near the passband edge sharpens the transition band. The filter can be tuned via biasing and on-chip varactors. Higher order filters can be constructed by simple direct cascading of the second-order blocks. A fifth-order filter example is designed and simulated in TSMC 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, with cutoff frequency at 4.57 GHz and passband ripple less than 1 dB.
Agglutination of red cells by synthetic lysine polypeptides.

SummaryBasic, high-molecular weight synthetic lysine polypeptides have been found to agglutinate chicken red cells at concentrations as low as 0.1 pg per ml. The hemagglutination titer of the polypeptidea appears to be related to the number and type of amino acid residues per molecule. The polypeptides are enzymatically hydrolyzed by normal allantoic fluid of chicken embryos.
Year-in-advance Prediction of Lightning Activity for the Pacific Northwest

This note outlines the development of a multivariate linear regression model to predict peak lightning activity a year in advance. Using cloud-to-ground lightning strike data from the inception of the National Lightning Detection Network in 1985, a predictive model is proposed for the peak monthly strike total for the Pacific Northwest. Six climate indices were evaluated as potential predictors of the lightning. From these, a multivariate linear model was developed, based on the year-in-advance values of two of the indices—The El Nino-Southern Oscillation Index, and the Western North Pacific Monsoon Index. The 2007 prediction of 56,618 strikes was tested against the measured value of 38,591 strikes. The values are in agreement within the expected accuracy of the model. The model prediction represents an improvement relative to the expectation based on the past statistical history of the data and should be most useful in predicting extreme events. The model parameters have been updated to include the 2007 ...
Automated, Depth-Resolved Estimation of the Attenuation Coefficient From Optical Coherence Tomography Data

We present a method for automated, depth-resolved extraction of the attenuation coefficient from Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) data. In contrast to previous automated, depth-resolved methods, the Depth-Resolved Confocal (DRC) technique derives an invertible mapping between the measured OCT intensity data and the attenuation coefficient while considering the confocal function and sensitivity fall-off, which are critical to ensure accurate measurements of the attenuation coefficient in practical settings (e.g., clinical endoscopy). We also show that further improvement of the estimated attenuation coefficient is possible by formulating image denoising as a convex optimization problem that we term Intensity Weighted Horizontal Total Variation (iwhTV). The performance and accuracy of DRC alone and DRC+iwhTV are validated with simulated data, optical phantoms, and ex-vivo porcine tissue. Our results suggest that implementation of DRC+iwhTV represents a novel way to improve OCT contrast for better tissue characterization through quantitative imaging.
Monoethanolamine Degradation: O2 Mass Transfer Effects under CO2 Capture Conditions

This study examines the rate of oxidative degradation of MEA under conditions typical of a CO2 capture process. Experiments examined the effects of amine concentration, CO2 loading, O2 concentration, and agitation rate at 55 °C. Degradation rates were quantified by measuring the rate of NH3 evolution from the amine solutions using FT-IR analysis. Results show that degradation rates are controlled by the rate of physical absorption of O2 and NH3 evolution rates ranged from 0.2 to 8.0 mM/h. Previous studies were re-examined and compared to the current study and appear to have been performed under conditions that were mass transfer limited. This would indicate the previous literature values for degradation kinetics were actually O2 absorption rates. An estimate of the degradation rate for a CO2 absorber was made assuming the degradation was controlled by the rate of O2 absorption and was shown to be equal to or less than values reported in the literature.
GLOBAL Regulatory Insights

Clinical research for both pharmaceuticals and medical devices on a global scale is an area of high complexity. This includes the respective regulations, local laws, and guidance documents that have been developed over the last few decades. ![Figure][1] Furthermore, the trend of offshoring
Shock compression experiments on Lithium Deuteride (LiD) single crystals

Shock compression experiments in the few hundred GPa (multi-Mbar) regime were performed on Lithium Deuteride single crystals. This study utilized the high velocity flyer plate capability of the Sandia Z Machine to perform impact experiments at flyer plate velocities in the range of 17–32 km/s. Measurements included pressure, density, and temperature between ∼190 and 570 GPa along the Principal Hugoniot—the locus of end states achievable through compression by large amplitude shock waves—as well as pressure and density of reshock states up to ∼920 GPa. The experimental measurements are compared with density functional theory calculations, tabular equation of state models, and legacy nuclear driven results that have been reanalyzed using modern equations of state for the shock wave standards used in the experiments.
Bishop, His Critics, and a Fresh Look at the Role of Cross-Price Elasticities in Market Classification

The classification of markets according to the nature of competition among firms is one of the fundamental pillars of microeconomics. The use of firm-level cross-price elasticity for this purpose was first proposed by Kaldor in 1934. This was followed by a lively debate with contributions from Weintraub, Fellner, Chamberlain and others during the 1940’s and early 1950’s. The first part of this paper briefly reviews the early literature on this topic, focusing on Bishop’s classic article in 1952. Bishop argues that firm level cross-elasticity should never be used as a stand alone criteria for classifying the nature of competition among firms. He proposes instead, a classification scheme based on the relative size of “own” to “cross” price elasticity. Pfouts and Ferguson’s (1959) point out that Bishop’s scheme implies a perfectly inelastic demand for the product group as a whole; an unacceptable restriction. The second part of this paper presents a generalized analysis of the issue based on the constant elasticity lumped parameter model (CELP) for firm level demand. The approach allows for any given product group demand elasticity and resolves all of the criticisms of Bishops original classification scheme transparently.Firm-level cross-price elasticity is shown to play an important role in classifying the nature of competition among firms. However, it is the factors used in calculating firm-level cross-price elasticity coefficients that should be used as criteria in the classification scheme rather than the actual calculated cross-price elasticity coefficients themselves.
Recent Progress with Surface Analysis by Laser Ionization

This paper briefly reviews previous results and developments, then presents new results, using a novel surface analytical technique that uses non-resonant multiphoton ionization (MPI) of neutral atoms and molecules sputtered by an ion beam, or desorbed by an electron beam or laser beam. In this method, which we call surface analysis by laser ionization (SALI), the non-resonant MPI, or “laser ionization,” is coupled with state-of-the-art time-of-flight mass spectrometry to provide extremely sensitive, general, and readily quantifiable surface analysis. Examples are presented for two applications relevant to the semiconductor industry and for the analysis of the near surface region of two specially pretreated stainless steels. A discussion also describes the favorable prospects for implementation of SALI with submicron dimension liquid metal ion beams for microanalysis, including situations with electron beam sensitive samples.
Feedback into Mixture Plenums in Rotating Detonation Engines

Rotating detonation engines (RDE’s) represent a natural extension of the pulse detonation engine (PDE) concept to a continuous detonation for obtaining propulsion and power from the high efficiency detonation cycle. Although extensively studied for the last few years, RDE’s are still less understood and developed than the PDE concept. In particular, interaction between the detonation wave in the combustion chamber and the upstream mixture plenum is critical to the stability and performance of an RDE, and has not been studied in detail. In this paper, we extend our well-tested RDE models to examine the effect of pressure feedback into the mixture plenum with two and three-dimensional simulations. We examine three main injector configurations to determine their effect on stability, performance, and feedback into the mixture plenum. Results indicate that although the flow-field is considerably different, the performance of the RDE with all three modeled injection systems is close to that of assuming an ideal injection process, especially for a injector throat to injector face area ratio of 0.2. For an area ratio of 0.4, the drop in performance is more noticable, varying between 2.4% at 10 atm plenum pressure to 11.4% at 4 atm. Specific impulses for all the modeled injector cases varied from 3975 s to 5263 s. The stability at high and low pressures becomes much more of an issue when modeling specific injectors, due to an increase in flow unsteadiness from the injection. Pressure feedback into the mixture plenum appears to be relatively low for area ratios of 0.2 (less than 10% of stagnation pressure), but becomes very large for even moderate area ratios of 0.4. The cylindrical micro-injectors had the worst pressure feedback, with underpressures between 1 and 1.77 atm and overpressures between 3.09 and 3.83 atm with the large area ratio.
Opsoclonus as a Manifestation of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy (P01.115)

Objective: To demonstrate early manifestation of opsoclonus as a rare clinical presentation of Hashimoto9s encephalopathy in a patient with subsequent steroid responsive symptoms and antibody titers. Background Hashimoto9s encephalopathy typically presents in two varieties: relapsing/remitting, which manifests with encephalopathy and stroke-like episodes; and a diffuse progressive type, which has an insidious onset with occasional fluctuations and manifests with psychiatric symptoms and dementia. Either type may also present with tremor, myoclonus, seizures, stupor, or coma. Encephalopathy usually develops over 1 to 7 days. Treatment with corticosteroids is almost always successful, although relapse may occur if this treatment is ceased abruptly. On extensive case review, there has only been one previous case of opsoclonus described as an early manifestation of Hashimoto9s encephalopathy. Design/Methods: Case Report. Results: We present a 59 year old male patient with subacute onset of opsoclonus and gait ataxia. He insidiously developed vertigo associated with gait ataxia and after a few days, vertical diplopia that evolved into involuntary saccadic eye movements. Extensive workup of infectious, autoimmune and paraneoplastic etiologies were undertaken and all studies were negative. Thyroglobulin antibodies and Thyroid peroxidase antibodies were found to be elevated (312 U/ml and 457 U/ml respectively; normal Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of investigating Hashimoto9s encephalopathy as an etiology of opsoclonus in the atypically presenting case. Disclosure: Dr. Salazar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mehta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zaher has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miller has nothing to disclose.
Structure Revision of an Acorane Sesquiterpene Cordycepol A.

Structure revision of a recently reported spirodecane sesquiterpene, cordycepol A, from fungi Cordyceps ophioglossoides was enabled by fast and accurate calculations of nuclear spin–spin coupling constants (SSCCs) with a relativistic force field (DU8c) parametric method. Two other reported cordycepols, B and C, are also identified as misassigned. Calculations of accurate SSCCs, which contain a wealth of structural information, offer a chemically intuitive tool for structure elucidation, rendering the whole structure revision process more guided and intentional, while augmenting in a synergistic way the calculations of chemical shifts.
Control of Ultracapacitor-Battery Hybrid Power Source for Vehicular Applications

The energy storage system in electric vehicles (EV) must supply variable power levels and take regenerative power from braking. Ultracapacitors (UC) are more efficient than batteries for variable loads and recharging, but have a much lower energy density; the combination of these into a hybrid source can deliver better performance in an EV. We present several control systems, compare three active control schemes in-depth, and suggest a design. We describe a superior UC voltage control algorithm and a method of choosing optimal system parameters. Simulation validates the control approach of the complete system, and shows performance improvement of 48% by one metric. The test system includes a DC-to-DC converter with 97-98% typical efficiency.
Combinatorial screening of pancreatic adenocarcinoma reveals sensitivity to drug combinations including bromodomain inhibitor plus neddylation inhibitor

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States. PDAC is difficult to manage effectively, with a five-year survival rate of only 5%. PDAC is largely driven by activating KRAS mutations, and as such, cannot be directly targeted with therapeutic agents that affect the activated protein. Instead, inhibition of downstream signaling and other targets will be necessary to effectively manage PDAC. Here, we describe a tiered single-agent and combination compound screen to identify targeted agents that impair growth of a panel of PDAC cell lines. Several of the combinations identified from the screen were further validated for efficacy and mechanism. Combination of the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 and the neddylation inhibitor MLN4294 altered the production of reactive oxygen species in PDAC cells, ultimately leading to defects in the DNA damage response. Dual bromodomain/neddylation blockade inhibited in vivo growth of PDAC cell line xenografts. Overall, this work revealed novel combinatorial regimens, including JQ1 plus MLN4294, which show promise for the treatment of RAS-driven PDAC. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 1041-53. ©2017 AACR.
Livestock manure odor abatement with plant-derived oils and nitrogen conservation with urease inhibitors: A review

Confined animal feeding operations are under environmental scrutiny for production of large quantitiesofwasteinasmallarea.Thewastecanresult in odor,global warminggases, andthe transferof nutri- ents and pathogens to water and food sources. An in- complete anaerobic degradation of the carbohydrate, protein, and lipid components in waste is the primary cause of odor emissions. This incomplete degradation results in the formation of short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFA), amines and other nitrogenous compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds. Our objectives are to provide simple, cost-effective, and environmentally sound solutions to control odor and pathogens in live- stock waste, with nutrient management a top priority. Previous studies have indicated that a urease inhibitor, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, can be used to re- duce urea hydrolysis in beef cattle feedlot pens, con- serve nitrogen, and inhibit ammonia emissions that contribute to odor. Our laboratory studies with antimi- crobial plant-derived oils, thymol and carvacrol, at 2 g/
Molecular Disorganization of Axons Adjacent to Human Cortical Microinfarcts.

Cortical microinfarcts are microscopically identified wedge shaped ischemic lesions that occur at or near the cortical surface and result from occlusion of penetrating arterioles. These microscopic lesions can be observed with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in aging brains and in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies have suggested that strategically located microinfarcts strongly correlate with cognitive deficits, which can contribute to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) as well as other forms of dementia. We have recently shown that the molecular organization of axons into functional microdomains is altered in areas adjacent to white matter lacunar and microinfarcts, creating a peri-infarct penumbral injury in surviving axons. In this study, we hypothesized that similar changes were present in nodal, paranodal, and axon initial segments adjacent to human cortical microinfarcts. Paraffin-embedded sections of autopsy brain tissue from five patients with cortical microinfarcts were immunofluorescently labeled for nodal and paranodal markers including beta-IV spectrin, ankyrin-G, and contactin-associated protein (caspr). High magnification images from the peri-infarct cortical tissue were generated using confocal microscopy. In surviving cortical tissue adjacent to microinfarcts, we observed a dramatic loss of axon initial segments, suggesting that neuronal firing capacity in adjacent cortical tissue is likely compromised. In addition, the number of identifiable nodal/paranodal complexes in surviving cortical tissue is reduced adjacent to microinfarcts, while the average paranodal length is increased indicating a breakdown of axoglial contact. This axonal microdomain disorganization occurs in the relative absence of changes in the structural integrity of myelinated axons as measured by myelin basic protein and neurofilament staining. These findings indicate that the molecular organization of surviving axons adjacent to human cortical microinfarcts is abnormal, reflecting lost axoglial contact and the functional elements necessary for neural transmission. This study provides support for the concept of a microinfarct penumbral injury that may account for the cumulative cognitive effect of these tiny strokes.
Cutless and atrimmec for controlling growth of woody landscape plants in containers

Abstract Cutless (flurprimidol) effectively reduced shoot elongation of container-grown woody ornamentals, including abelia, cotoneaster, crape myrtle, Foster holly, Mystery gardenia, Manhattan euo...
Branched peptides for enzymatic supramolecular hydrogelation

Here we show the use of branched peptides (i.e., isopeptides) as the substrates of proteases for generating supramolecular hydrogels via enzymatically clipping the branch off the peptides. As the first report of using a protease to cut branched peptides to enable a molecular process for converting nanostructures, this work illustrates a fundamentally new molecular motif for exploring the applications of protease-instructed self-assembly for soft materials.
Achievement of 90-Gbaud PAM-4 with MLSE Based on 2 nd Order Volterra Filter and 2.88-Tb/s O-band Transmission Using 4-λ LAN-WDM and 4-Core Fiber SDM

We achieve 180-Gb/s PAM-4 transmission under 32-GHz bandwidth limitation applying MLSE based on 3-memory T-spaced 2nd order Volterra filter. We experimentally demonstrate 2.88-Tb/s O-band transmission using 4-λ LAN-WDM and SDM over 2-km 4-core fiber.
CD4 T Cell Epitope Specificity and Cytokine Potential Are Preserved as Cells Transition from the Lung Vasculature to Lung Tissue following Influenza Virus Infection.

Pulmonary CD4 T cells are critical in respiratory virus control, both by delivering direct effector function and through coordinating responses of other immune cells. Recent studies have shown that following influenza virus infection, virus-specific CD4 T cells are partitioned between pulmonary vasculature and lung tissue. However, very little is known about the peptide specificity or functional differences of CD4 T cells within these two compartments. Using a mouse model of influenza virus infection in conjunction with intravascular labeling in vivo, the cell surface phenotype, epitope specificity, and functional potential of the endogenous polyclonal CD4 T cell response was examined by tracking nine independent CD4 T cell epitope specificities. These studies revealed that tissue-localized CD4 cells were globally distinct from vascular cells in expression of markers associated with transendothelial migration, residency, and micropositioning. Despite these differences, there was little evidence for remodeling of the viral epitope specificity or cytokine potential as cells transition from vasculature to the highly inflamed lung tissue. Our studies also distinguished cells in the pulmonary vasculature from peripheral circulating CD4 T cells, providing support for the concept that the pulmonary vasculature does not simply reflect circulating cells that are trapped within the narrow confines of capillary vessels but rather is enriched in transitional cells primed in the draining lymph node that have specialized potential to enter the lung tissue. IMPORTANCE CD4 T cells convey a multitude of functions in immunity to influenza, including those delivered in the lymph node and others conveyed by CD4 T cells that leave the lymph node, enter the blood, and extravasate into the lung tissue. Here, we show that the transition of recently primed CD4 cells detected in the lung vasculature undergo profound changes in expression of markers associated with tissue localization as they establish residence in the lung. However, this transition does not edit CD4 T cell epitope specificity or the cytokine potential of the CD4 T cells. Thus, CD4 T cells that enter the infected lung can convey diverse functions and have a sufficiently broad viral antigen specificity to detect the complex array of infected cells within the infected tissue, offering the potential for more effective protective function.
Total Energies and Atom Locations at Solid Surfaces

With the advent of modern computers it is now possible to compute total energies at surfaces from first principles. However, the kinds of problems that can currently be dealt with are quite restrictive. A brief overview of such calculations, as well as the recently discovered universality in binding energy relations will be given. We show that it is now possible to calculate surface or cleavage energies of transition metals from first principles. This is done via our self-consistent local orbital (SCLO) method. The total energies of metal films of many thicknesses, for example of three, five, seven, and nine layers, are first computed; a bulk and surface energy are then derived from a least-squares linear plot of total energy versus film thickness. In the examples of copper(100) and silver(100), the deviation from the line is less than 0.1 eV. This shows the accuracy of our method since the slope of the line (the bulk energy) is four Orders of magnitude larger than the intercept (twice the surface energy). Good agreement with experiment is obtained for all metals considered.
Jean-Paul Sartre: From an Existentialist to a Realistic Ethics

Playwright, psychologist, novelist, ontologist, short story writer, philosophical anthropologist, social and political philosopher and critic, biographer, aesthetician, philosopher of history, ethicist—it would be hard to find any thinker of the 20th century who exhibited the incredible variety of talents of Jean-Paul Sartre.
QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, QUANTUM MEASUREMENT, TCS AND QND

It is the goal of quantum communication theory to establish fundamental limits on the performance and sensitivity of optical communication and signal processing systems as imposed by quantum effects, often in conjunction with other unavoidable interference. The theory is widely applicable and not limited to optical systems although they provide the original and still the main impetus. Thus many aspects of quantum communication theory are broadly relevant to precision measurements including those of experimental general relativity, the subject of this Advanced Study Institute. In the following I will review the two main themes of quantum communication studies, namely the utilization of novel quantum measurements and quantum states, pursuing their relations to precision measurements and quantum nondemolition measurements (QND). The role of two-photon coherent states (TCS) will be emphasized. A limitation on QND will be indicated.
Morse Decompositions and Spectra on Flag Bundles

For linear flows on vector bundles, the chain recurrent components of the induced flows on flag bundles are described and a corresponding Morse spectrum is constructed.
Physics of Radiation Therapy

Within 6 months after the discovery of X-rays in November 1895 by Roentgen, efforts were made to treat cancer as well as other diseases by the new rays (Brecher and Brecher, 1969). Similarly, radium was tried in the treatment of cancer and other conditions within 3 years after its discovery by Madame Curie in 1898 (Hilaris, 1975). This collaboration among medicine, science, and technology has continued essentially without interruption since. There is probably no way to measure the contribution of physics and engineering to the slow but continued improvement of cure rates in cancer therapy; however, there can be no doubt about the significance of that collaboration. These efforts have resulted in improved sources of ionizing radiation, the definition and measurement of radiation quantity and quality, and the elaboration of systems of radiation dose calculation which permit a knowledgeable application of ionizing radiation to different regions of patients of different sizes and shapes. Development of external-beam radiation treatment initiated by the discovery of X-rays and development of intracavitary and interstitial treatment initiated by the discovery of radium continue to this day.
Changes in the Concepts of Space and Time Brought about by Relativity

In this paper, I shall confine myself to the physical concepts of space and time, that is, the concepts as employed in the formulation of various physical theories. These concepts are intimately involved with two other concepts: the concept of the motion of some object, i.e., the change over time of its position in space; and the concept of the change over time of some property of an object (or field) at the same point in space. So the concepts of time, space, and motion must be discussed together. As we shall see, the concept of the change of some property - quantitative or qualitative - at the same point leads to a concept of time that we may call ‘local’, since it only applies to events at that point; while the concept of motion leads to a concept of time that we may call ‘global’ , since it requires the comparison of times at different points.
Social Stress in Adult Primates

Increasingly, it has become the case that the leading diseases of westernized life are ones that can be worsened by stress, particularly psychosocial stress. As such, an understanding of individual differences in vulnerability to stress-related disease is critical. This article explores the fact that it is not only essential to understand stress-related disease in the context of the person experiencing it, but also in the context of the society in which that individual lives. The relationship between societal factors, particularly differences in social or (in the case of humans) socioeconomic status, and health is explored among primates. The complexity and variety of primate social systems produce a far from monolithic relationship between social status and health.
Fasciotomy in vascular trauma: Is it too much, too often?

Fasciotomy has been used as a prophylactic measure against development of compartment syndrome and as a treatment modality when the syndrome has developed in patients suffering vascular trauma. The hospital records of 36 patients who underwent surgical repair of their traumatic vascular injuries were reviewed. All 36 patients had at least one indication for fasciotomy at the time of repair; i.e., ischemic time of more than 6 hours or combined arterial and venous injury. Prophylactic fasciotomies were performed in 18 of the patients at the time of vascular repair; 18 did not have fasciotomies performed at the time of initial repair. The decision to perform a fasciotomy was made by the operating surgeon based on well-defined criteria. Hospital stay was significantly longer for the fasciotomy group. Four of the fasciotomy-related complications were infective in nature. Only one patient who did not undergo fasciotomy at the time of original repair developed a compartment syndrome during the postoperative period. Selective fasciotomy based on well-defined criteria instead of serial physical examinations or measurement of compartment pressures will effectively save limbs; there is an increased hospital stay.
Retrospective Cohort Study on the Optimal Timing of Orogastric Tube/Nasogastric Tube Insertion in Infants With Pyloric Stenosis.

BACKGROUND Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants can cause a buildup of gastric contents. Orogastric tubes (OGTs) or nasogastric tubes (NGTs) are often placed in patients with pyloric stenosis before surgical management to prevent aspiration. However, exacerbation of gastric losses may lead to electrolyte abnormalities that can delay surgery, and placement has been associated with increased risk of postoperative emesis. Currently, there are no evidence-based guidelines regarding OGT/NGT placement in these patients. This study examines whether OGT/NGT placement before arrival in the operating room was associated with a longer time to readiness for surgery as defined by normalization of electrolytes. Secondary outcomes included time from surgery to discharge and ability to tolerate feeds by 6 hours postoperatively in patients with and without early OGT/NGT placement. METHODS In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, data were extracted from the medical records of 481 patients who underwent pyloromyotomy for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis from March 2013 to June 2016. Multivariable linear regression and Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to evaluate the association between placement of an OGT/NGT at the time of admission with increased time to readiness for surgery (defined as the time from admission to the first set of normalized laboratory values) and increased time from surgery to discharge. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between early OGT/NGT placement and the ability to tolerate oral intake at 6 hours postsurgery. Analyses were adjusted for site differences. RESULTS Among patients admitted with electrolyte abnormalities, those with an OGT/NGT placed on presentation required more time until their serum electrolytes were at acceptable levels for surgery by regression analysis (19.2 hours difference; 95% confidence interval, 10.05-28.41; P < .001), after adjusting for site. Overall, patients who had OGTs/NGTs placed before presentation in the operating room had a longer length of stay from surgery to discharge than those without (38.8 hours difference; 95% confidence interval, 25.35-52.31; P < .001), after adjusting for site. OGT/NGT placement before surgery was not associated with failure to tolerate oral intake within 6 hours of surgery after adjusting for site, corrected gestational age, and baseline serum electrolytes. CONCLUSIONS OGT/NGT placement on admission for pyloric stenosis is associated with a longer time to electrolyte correction in infants with abnormal laboratory values on presentation and, subsequently, a longer time until they are ready for surgery. It is also associated with longer postoperative hospital stay but not an increased risk of feeding intolerance within 6 hours of surgical repair.
Full-color video and still imaging using two flat lenses

At least two lenses are required in imaging systems to adjust focus and magnification and to match the acceptance properties of the image sensor. Here, we demonstrate the tandem use of two millimeter-scale planar diffractive lenses for video and still imaging over the full visible spectrum. First we designed, fabricated, and characterized individual lenses with focal length of 25mm and NA = 0.05. Then, we assembled the lenses with a conventional color CMOS image sensor to demonstrate imaging. Illumination conditions as varied as ambient sunlight, halogen lamp and LED lamps are used. Due to the ease of fabrication of diffractive lenses compared to metalenses, this demonstration will enable future generations of low-cost, lightweight, broadband cameras.
Machine Learning based Modeling Attacks on a Configurable PUF

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are one of the most advanced and secure hardware based security primitive for system authentication. However, with the introduction of Machine Learning (ML) modeling techniques, even the strongest PUF designs can be compromised. In this paper, we examine the resistance of a strong configurable RO-PUF design controlled by Programmable XOR gates (PXOR) towards machine learning based modeling attacks.
Three Observations of Mathematics Instruction in Inner-City Elementary Schools: Some Issues for Thought.

Currently an associate professor of education at Herbert H. Lehman College of the City University of New York, Stanley F. Taback works with preservice and inservice teachers of mathematics at the elementary and secondary school levels. At the time of the observations described in this article, he was an associate professor of mathematics education at New York University and director of the mathematics component of the TTT Project in Elementary School Science and Mathematics.
Photovoltage spectral band narrowing of Si(111) surface at low pressure

Abstract After cleaving and annealing for 50 h at temperature 600 K in vacuum conditions of 10−6 Torr, Si(111) surface shows narrowing of photovoltage spectral band in the region of 0.8–1.1 eV. The spectral band narrowing could be caused by surface states band narrowing due to Si(111) surface reconstruction with participation of hydrogen adatoms. The width of the narrow spectral band is broader at room temperature T = 300 K compared to that at low temperature T = 140 K. The peak of the narrow spectral band at low temperature is shifted to higher energy with respect to that at room temperature.
Evaluation of Truly Passive Crossbar Memory Arrays on Short Flow Characterization Vehicle Test Chips

More and more non volatile memory bit cell candidates are emerging which can be implemented between two metal layers in the BEOL process. Thus, short flow Characterization Vehicle® (CV®) Test Chips become beneficial for fast yield and endurance learning cycles. However, providing high observability of tail bits with ppm resolution requires access to more than just one bit cell per pad to be economically viable. Since, there are no FEOL switches available to address the bit cells we are evaluating truly Passive Crossbar Memory Arrays (PCMA) to significantly improve the bit per area ratio. Experimental results confirm successful memory operation based on fast parallel pulse testing. Design guidelines are presented to balance array size, signal to noise ratio, and test time.
A Retrospective on Path ORAM

Path oblivious RAM (ORAM) is an ORAM protocol that simultaneously enjoys simplicity and efficiency. As a result, it holds promise to provide cryptographic-grade and practical access pattern protection in multiple application domains, including but not limited to secure hardware. In this paper, we review Path ORAM’s key ideas and contribution, summarize its impact and subsequent works, and discuss future directions.