cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Timescale analysis of rule-based biochemical reaction networks.

The flow of information within a cell is governed by a series of protein–protein interactions that can be described as a reaction network. Mathematical models of biochemical reaction networks can be constructed by repetitively applying specific rules that define how reactants interact and what new species are formed on reaction. To aid in understanding the underlying biochemistry, timescale analysis is one method developed to prune the size of the reaction network. In this work, we extend the methods associated with timescale analysis to reaction rules instead of the species contained within the network. To illustrate this approach, we applied timescale analysis to a simple receptor–ligand binding model and a rule-based model of interleukin-12 (IL-12) signaling in naive CD4+ T cells. The IL-12 signaling pathway includes multiple protein–protein interactions that collectively transmit information; however, the level of mechanistic detail sufficient to capture the observed dynamics has not been justified based on the available data. The analysis correctly predicted that reactions associated with Janus Kinase 2 and Tyrosine Kinase 2 binding to their corresponding receptor exist at a pseudo-equilibrium. By contrast, reactions associated with ligand binding and receptor turnover regulate cellular response to IL-12. An empirical Bayesian approach was used to estimate the uncertainty in the timescales. This approach complements existing rank- and flux-based methods that can be used to interrogate complex reaction networks. Ultimately, timescale analysis of rule-based models is a computational tool that can be used to reveal the biochemical steps that regulate signaling dynamics. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Crystallographic Characterization of the Structure of the Endohedral Fullerene {Er2@C82 Isomer I} with Cs Cage Symmetry and Multiple Sites for Erbium along a Band of Ten Contiguous Hexagons

The structure of one of the three previously separated isomers of {Er2@C82} has been determined through a single-crystal X-ray structure determination of the noncovalent adduct, {Er2@C82 Isomer I}·{CoII(OEP)}·1.4(C6H6)·0.3(CHCl3). The C82 cage is identified specificlly as the Cs(82:6) isomer (one of nine possible isolated pentagon isomers) from the crystallographic data. The carbon atoms of the C82 cage were individually identified and refined with only a constraint that required the two halves of the cage to possess similar bond lengths. Although the carbon cage is well ordered at 113 K, the erbium atoms are disordered. The electron density within the cage of {Er2@C82 Isomer I} has been modeled with two major sites with occupancies of 0.35 and 21 other individual erbium sites with occupancies ranging from 0.138 to 0.011. These erbium sites all reside near the walls of the fullerence and cluster near a band of ten contiguous hexagons that encircles the carbon cage. Since two other isomers of C82 (C3v(82:8...
Predictors of 30-Day Hospital Readmissions in Patients with Heart Failure (HF)

Prognostic Importance of Serial Evaluation of Blood Urea Nitrogen in Ambulatory Patients with Chronic Systolic Heart Failure and Preserved Renal Function Clay A. Cauthen, Matthew Tong, Yuping Wu, Anil Jain, W.H. Wilson Tang; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Department of Internal Medicine, Kettering Medical Center, Kettering, OH; Department of Mathematics, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Information Technology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
Intracranial Spread of Squamous Carcinoma Along the Trigeminal Nerve

• Two patients with intracranial dissemination of squamous carcinoma along the trigeminal nerve had facial dysesthesias mistakenly diagnosed as tic douloureux. In one case, tumor originated in the skin of the lateral canthus and spread along an orbital nerve to involve the cavernous sinus and Gasserian ganglion. In the other, the primary site was the retromolar trigone, with preponderantly deep intraosseous growth. Perineural spread occurred along the inferior alveolar nerve to eventually involve the facial and the ocular motor nerves. Such neurotropic spread of tumors is unfamiliar to many clinicians, yet early diagnosis may be life-saving. If intracranial foramina have not been transgressed, surgery and radiotherapy have been curative; otherwise, treatment is largely palliative. Adequate initial treatment of the primary lesion would seem to be the best preventive measure. Treatment of recurrent lesions should include consideration of neural invasion.
Is the Universe infinite or is it just really big

The global geometry of the universe is in principle as observable an attribute as local curvature. Previous studies have established that if the universe is wrapped into a flat hypertorus, the simplest compact space, then the fundamental domain must be at least 0.4 times the diameter of the observable universe. Despite a standard lore that the other five compact, orientable flat spaces are more weakly constrained, we find the same bound holds for all. Our analysis provides the first limits on compact cosmologies built from the identifications of hexagonal prisms.
Large Spin-State Changes in Isostructural Cyanate- and Azide-Bridged Mn3IIIMn2II Single-Molecule Magnets

We prepared three structurally related Mn(3)(III)Mn(2)(II) complexes that possess S approximately 1-11 spin ground states as a result of variations in the geometry and identity of mu(2)-eta(1):eta(1) bridging groups. These complexes function as single-molecule magnets yet demonstrate other interesting behavior such as quasi-classical magnetization hysteresis and comparable magnetization reversal barriers (U(eff)).
Simplified approach for the seismic analysis of equipment attached to elastoplastic structures

Abstract A simple approximate procedure is presented to estimate the maximum response of equipment, piping, or any other light secondary system mounted on nonlinear structures subjected to earthquake ground motions. The procedure is based on the consideration of structure and equipment as an integrated combined system, and on a response spectrum method for the analysis of nonlinear multistory structures. It is formulated in terms of the initial dynamic properties of the independent structure and equipment components, and the nonlinear response spectrum of a specified earthquake ground motion. It may be applied to any linear multiple-degree-of-freedom secondary system connected at one or two arbitrary points of a multistory structure. It fully takes into account the interaction between primary and secondary systems and the nonclassical damping character of structure-equipment systems. It is restricted, however, to structures with elastoplastic load-deformation behavior and to those cases in which the mass of the secondary system is small in comparison with the mass of the structure. Its accuracy is evaluated by means of a comparative study with the numerical integration solutions of a number of idealized systems. In this comparative study, the proposed procedure estimates the numerical integration solutions with an average error of about 2%.
Rapid assembly of rigid rods by metal complexation of bis(terpyridyl) ligands

Abstract The synthesis of rigid rods by a route involving alternating metal and bis(terpyridyl) ligand addition steps is described; and when combined with a final convergent step, this strategy rapidly produces species containing multiple metal centers.
Sensitive method for quantitation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in tissue

A novel sensitive and specific method for the measurement of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity utilizing HPLC is described. ACE activity was determined in detergent-extracted canine hearts utilizing the synthetic ACE-specific substrate hippuryl histidyl leucine (HHL), both in the presence and the absence of the site-specific inhibitor captopril. Tissue ACE activity was quantitated from the moles of hippuric acid (HA) formed, in time-fixed assays, utilizing HPLC separation of HA from HHL and UV-spectrophotometry for quantitation of HA as in the standard Cushman and Cheung assay (Cushman DW and Cheung HS, Biochem Pharmacol20: 1637–1648, 1971). Separation of HA from HHL was performed by reverse phase HPLC on a phenyl silica gel column with an eluent consisting of 20% acetonitrile in 0.1 M aqueous ammonium phosphate buffer, pH 6.8. After the standard liquid/liquid extraction procedure with ethyl acetate, HPLC analysis revealed the presence of unreacted substrate, HHL, in amounts comparable to the product of interest, HA, in the final assay; moreover, the amount of HA formed did not fall completely to zero in the presence of captopril. Regional studies of canine cardiac ACE activity utilizing the HPLC-based assay and the standard assay method showed a significantly higher ACE activity in the right ventricle compared with the left ventricle (2.37 ± 0.7 vs 1.24 ±0.18 mU/g, P < 0.05 [N = 6], respectively) in the HPLC-based assay, but no difference in right and left ventricular ACE activities by the standard assay (0.25 ± 0.08 vs 0.31 ± 0.09 mU/g [N = 6], respectively). Kinetic studies utilizing the HPLC-based assay coupled with the use of captopril showed Km (1.34 ± 0.08 mM) and Vmax (36.8 ± 11.5 × 10−10 M/min) values in agreement with those in the literature. Our results demonstrate that the application of HPLC to the standard Cushman and Cheung assay improves the sensitivity and specificity of the standard assay and enables the use of much smaller amounts (~4 vs ~400 mg for the Cushman and Cheung assay) of tissue for ACE activity assay.
Investigating the design and development of truly agile flexible fixtures based on electrorheological fluids

The significant productivity pay-offs that accrue from computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems have been well-documented. However, the degree of flexibility that can be achieved in the current manufacturing systems is still constrained by the absence of truly flexible fixturing. Improvements in flexible fixturing technologies could have significant economical impacts on the production cost given the fact that fixture design and fabrication accounts to 10-20% of the manufacturing cost. This paper presents the latest studies in flexible fixturing systems and fixture research. It also presents a novel concept of designing truly flexible fixtures by harnessing the power of phase-change and mechanical properties of the advanced electrorheological (ER) fluids that have been engineered recently.
Error analysis of delayed response in aged squirrel monkeys

Young adult and aged squirrel monkeys were tested on variations of a two-choice, spatial delayed-response task. Aged monkeys committed more errors than did young monkeys. However, the diminished accuracy of the aged monkeys was not attributable to a memory deficiency because the difference was independent of delay interval. Aged monkeys did not display less responsesequence variability and were no more likely to commit systematic errors than were young monkeys. When response accuracy decreased as a result of increased delay intervals, or absence of a predelay cue, both age groups increased the proportion of errors attributable to random responding; however, the proportion of errors attributable to systematic errors either decreased or remained constant.
Metabolites of pyrenomycetes XIII: Structure of (+) hypothemycin, an antibiotic macrolide from Hypomyces trichothecoides☆

Abstract (+) Hypothemycin, an antibiotic metabolite of Hypomyces trichothecoides, has been assigned the macrolide structure I, based on chemical evidence and spectroscopic data.
Suspected toxicosis after topical administration of minoxidil in 2 cats

Objective: To discuss the clinical presentation and necropsy findings of 2 cats after topical administration of a minoxidil solution. Additionally, a potential management plan is offered for future cases. Case summary: Two cats with dermal exposure to topical minoxidil solution were identified from the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) files. Both cats were presented with lethargy and dyspnea within 36 hours of exposure. The cats were hypothermic, and had pulmonary edema and pleural effusion present on thoracic radiography. Both cats died despite supportive care. Necropsy of both cats confirmed pleural effusion and pulmonary edema and indicated cardiac compromise. New or unique information provided: Topical administration of minoxidil solution may cause life-threatening pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and cardiac dysfunction in the cat.
Interaction of divalent cations and proteins with phospholipid vesicles

Abstract The broadening of spin-label absorption lines resulting from spin-exchange reactions that occur during collision with paramagnetic Ni2+ is diminished when Ni2+ binds to phospholipid vesicles. Subsequent addition of non-paramagnetic ions that compete for binding sites releases Ni2+ into solution and restores the line-broadening. The concentrations of various ions required to achieve this effect was used to order the ions with respect to their binding to vesicles containing phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The relative strengths of binding for those ions studied were: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Zn2+ > Sr2+ > Ba2+. The spin-broadening assay was also used to study the effects of two proteins on the availability of Ni2+-binding sites on the vesicles. Ribonuclease, which is thought to associate electrostatically as an extrinsic protein on the surface of vesicles, completely blocked the Ni2+-binding sites at comparatively low protein concentrations. Quantitative considerations of these data suggest the possibility that Ni2+ may bind preferentially to phosphatidylglycerol, and that these binding sites are aggregated in the ribonuclease-containing vesicles. In contrast to ribonuclease, cytochrome c does not block Ni2+-binding sites on the phospholipid vesicles, but rather contains sites of its own that bind Ni2+, both when the protein is in solution and when it is associated with the vesicles. These results are consistent with other studies which suggest that cytochrome c becomes partially embedded in membrane bilayers and associates with phospholipid molecules through hydrophobic interactions.
Temporal changes in interference.

A series of five experiments investigating temporal changes in retroactive inhibition (RI) and proactive inhibition (PI) is reported. In the first four experiments changes in retention were measured by unpaced tests over intervals of the order of 20 min. Conditions of acquisition and methods of testing were varied with a view to identifying the factors determining absolute rises in first-list recall (“spontaneous recovery”) and decrements in the recall of interpolated lists (PI). Both of these phenomena were observed and were attributed to the dissipation of a set, established through interpolated learning, to give the most recently learned responses in recall. In the fifth experiment RI and PI were measured on paced tests after intervals of 20 min and 48 hrs. The amounts of RI and PI did not differ significantly after 20 min, and showed no further reliable changes over the 48-hr interval. The results indicate that the level of interference on paced tests is determined largely by the degree of reduction in response availability.
Curiosity enhances the role of mindfulness in reducing defensive responses to existential threat

Abstract Using a terror management theory paradigm, the present research assessed whether people characterized by both an attitude of curiosity, as well as mindful attention, would exhibit non-defensive reactions to targets that threaten their worldview. Participants ( N = 118) were randomly assigned to an existential threat (mortality salience) condition or a control condition then asked to read an essay describing humans as just another animal or an essay describing the uniqueness of humans. Participants higher in both curiosity and mindful attention responded non-defensively, rating the humans as animals essay writer as likeable and intelligent, with a valid opinion. Participants who were high in mindfulness but low in curiosity responded defensively, with negative judgments of the essay writer. Mindlessness (endorsing low curiosity and mindful attention) also mitigated defensive responding. Although mindful and mindless people both showed non-defensive reactions, we theorize about distinct causal paths. Results suggest that curiosity plays an important, understudied role in the benefits linked to mindfulness.
The Effect of Cell-Phone User on Driver Attention

Driving safety is increasingly a major issue in transportation systems. One of major culprits in this respect is driver distraction or inattention. Driving inattention, which can be caused by drowsiness as well as the use of devices such as cell-phones while driving increases crash/near-crash risk [1]. In fact among all causes of distraction, cell phone driving continues to be a major issue that impacts transportation safety since this is a matter that can be regulated through policy decisions. The empirical evidence in this regard continues to underline the gravity of the situation. In 2009, there were 5474 people (or approximately 12% of all traffic fatalities) killed by distracted drivers, and 995 of them were considered to have been killed by those drivers who were using cell phone during driving [2].This paper considers the relation between driving safety and cell-phone using. We propose a way to estimate drivers’ attention by measuring their electroencepholography (EEG) signal to estimate the inattention index.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Les pages liminaires d'Un Beau Ténébreux: Révélation ou occultation?

Mise en abyme s'il en est, le prologue prophetise l'enonce (la plage, l'ete, la mort...) et devoile l'aventure d'un narrateur aux prises avec les mots
Robust automatic clustering of hyperspectral imagery using non-Gaussian mixtures

This paper addresses the utility of robust automatic clustering of hyperspectral image data. Such clustering is possible only when the background in a scene is accurately modeled. Mixtures of non-Gaussian densities have been discussed recently, and here we move further down this path. We derive a t mixture model for the background in hyperspectral images, using two techniques for estimating parameters based on the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. Visual and statistical evaluation of these techniques are made with AVIRIS data. Dealing with the data's inhomogeneity by developing proper models of the background (i.e. clutter) in a hyperspectral image is important in target detection applications, especially for accurate performance prediction and detector analysis.
Thailand at the crossroads

Thailand combines a strong manufacturing infrastructure with a weak telecommunications infrastructure, offering promise or pitfall in the age of the information market. Thailand is lagging behind with respect to its peers in terms of information and communications technologies, especially with regard to teledensity and telecommunications regulation. Thailand may use its manufacturing edge as information and communications becomes necessary to compete. Conversely, Thailand has the opportunity to leap ahead, leverage its manufacturing base and increase its capacities without increasing its exposure to increasingly fluid global capital markets. Such a leap requires a carefully crafted policy for competition and interconnection, and supporting free software to an educated populace.
Reclaiming the Relevance of Journalism: The Case of the Clarion-Ledger

Wickham, K.W. (2007). The Role of the Clarion-Ledger in the Adoption of the 1982 Education Reform Act: Winning the Pulitzer Prize. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press. 393 pp. ISBN: 0-7734-5872-7. $12...
Affinity Chromatography ofdrosophila melanogaster ribosomal proteins to 5s rRNA

Abstract The binding of Drosophila melanogaster ribosomal proteins to D. melanogaster 5S rRNA was studied using affinity chromatography of total ribosomal proteins (TP80) on 5S rRNA linked via adipic acid dihydrazide to Sepharose 4B. Ribosomal proteins which bound 5S rRNA at 0.3 M potassium chloride and were eluted at 1 M potassium chloride were identified as proteins 1, L4, 2/3, L14/L16, and S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using poly A—Sepharose 4B columns as a model of non-specific binding, we found that a subset of TP80 proteins is also bound. This subset, while containing some of the proteins bound by 5S rRNA columns, was distinctly different from the latter subset, indicating that the binding to 5S rRNA was specific for that RNA species.
Sensory analysis of soy yogurt and frozen soy yogurt produced from rapid hydration hydrothermal cooked soy milk

Sensory studies have been conducted on flavored soy yogurt (FLAVSYO) and frozen flavored soy yogurt (FROZSYO) made from rapid hydration hydrothermal cooked soy milk. Trained panel testing was conducted with a panel of 5. Consumer acceptance tests were carried out with 195 consumers using standard nine-point hedonic scales. The frequencies of the consumers who liked FROZSYO were high at like slightly to like extremely, the FLAVSYO and FROZSYO had less beany flavor than the soy milk. The data from the trained panel indicate that processing, fermentation, and flavoring significantly changed the major attributes. Relative to unflavored soy yogurt, the beany flavors, chalkiness, aftertaste, sweetness, uniformity, and mouth coating scores of the FLAVSYO and FROZSYO were closer to the corresponding sensory scores for the commercial yogurt.
Instrumental Physical Analysis of Microwaved Glycerol Citrate Foams

Solid glycerol citrate polyester polymeric foams generated by microwave heating were further cured in a conventional oven at 100 °C for 0, 6, 24, 48, or 72 h and their physical properties were tested. Curing glycerol citrate polyesters resulted in decreased moisture content (MC), altered color, increased hydrated polymer weight loss (HWL), and increased polymer oven weight loss (OWL). Polyester polymer samples were evaluated for firmness and springiness employing a texture analyzer (Model TA/TX2i). Oven curing increased polymer firmness and springiness. For example, firmness and springiness in 48 h cured samples increased 202 and 143%, respectively, when compared to uncured controls. High correlations were found comparing OWL, MC, HWL, firmness, and springiness. Compression molded samples obtained from ground cured and non-cured polymers were evaluated for tensile strength, elongation and Young’s modulus using the Instron universal test machine (Model 4201). Curing promoted higher tensile strengths and elongation but did not affect Young’s modulus values. High correlations were found between springiness, firmness, tensile strength, and elongation. The texture analyzer was shown to have merit in the preliminary evaluation of the glycerol citrate polyester polymers.
Fixed-width multiple-comparison procedures using common random numbers for steady-state simulations

Abstract Suppose that there are k ⩾ 2 different systems (i.e., stochastic processes), where each system has an unknown steady-state mean performance. We consider the problem of running a two-stage simulation using common random numbers to construct fixed-width confidence intervals for two multiple-comparison problems. Under the assumptions that the stochastic processes representing the simulation output of the different systems satisfy a functional central limit theorem and that the asymptotic covariance matrix satisfies a condition known as sphericity, we prove that our confidence intervals are asymptotically valid (as the desired half-width of the confidence intervals tend to zero). We develop both absolute- and relative-width confidence intervals. Empirical results are presented indicating the procedures’ robustness to violations of the sphericity assumption.
Privacy-Preserving Data Publishing Based on Utility Specification

Most existing privacy-preserving data publishing methods anonymize data based on some general utility measures. However, the anonymized data may not be useful to applications that have specific requirements for the data they use. In this paper, we propose a method for data users to describe some characteristics of the anonymized data, as a special requirement of some classification applications, and a heuristic anonymization algorithm that incorporates the user-specified requirements into a generalization technique. Our preliminary results show that the specification format and the anonymization algorithm can significantly improve the utility of the anonymized data for a number of data mining applications that learn decision trees, Naive Bayes Classifier and Classification Rules.
Further Validation of the Speech Transmission Index (STI)

The present article further evaluates the accuracy of speech-recognition predictions made according to two forms of the Speech Transmission Index (STI) for normal-hearing listeners. The first porti...
A Practical Supercapacitor Model for Power Management in Wireless Sensor Nodes

In this paper, a new practical method is presented to estimate supercapacitor state for wireless sensor nodes. The self-discharge process of supercapacitor, as an energy storage device in sensor nodes, is usually considered as the main factor that needs to be taken into account for power management. Recent studies have demonstrated that a supercapacitor charge-redistribution process may also have significant impact on power management. To consider charge redistribution in power management of a real-time system, a practical method is presented to estimate the state of a supercapacitor. The accuracy of the method is validated by experiments. The impact of time step on the proposed model is also investigated. The results indicate that the proposed model can achieve good accuracy with relatively large time step. Moreover, the model is easy to implement, and has low memory usage and computational cost for practical applications in a real-time system. Based on the practical model, estimations of charge and energy transferred during the redistribution process are presented, which provide important information toward developing energy aware algorithms in wireless sensor networks.
The Effects of Long-Term Testosterone Use on Lipid-Related Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among FtM Patients

ABSTRACTThis article investigates what is known about how long-term testosterone use effects lipid-related cardiovascular risk markers in the female-to-male (FtM) transgender population. A literature search was conducted using health science–oriented databases, including PubMed. Articles were considered eligible for review if they were published between January 2003 and August 2013 in English language, peer-reviewed academic journals and discussed cardiovascular risks of long-term testosterone administration in the FtM population. Reference lists of the eligible articles were reviewed for additional studies. Eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The participants in the studies were mostly young and middle-aged adults who had been treated with supraphysiologic levels of testosterone for at least 1 year. There appears to no significant lipid-related change after months or years of exposure to exogenous testosterone. However, the long-term effects of testosterone administration in the older adult F...
Engineering light-gated ion channels.

Ion channels are gated by a variety of stimuli, including ligands, voltage, membrane tension, temperature, and even light. Natural gates can be altered and augmented using synthetic chemistry and molecular biology to develop channels with completely new functional properties. Light-sensitive channels are particularly attractive because optical manipulation offers a high degree of spatial and temporal control. Over the last few decades, several channels have been successfully rendered responsive to light, including the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, gramicidin A, a voltage-gated potassium channel, an ionotropic glutamate receptor, α-hemolysin, and a mechanosensitive channel. Very recently, naturally occurring light-gated cation channels have been discovered. This review covers the molecular principles that guide the engineering of light-gated ion channels for applications in biology and medicine.
Geriatric infectious mononucleosis: report of a case with Epstein-Barr virus antibodies.

: A diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis in a 52-year-old woman was confirmed by hematologic and serologic studies. Epstein-Barr (EB) virus antibodies were present in her serum. The incidence of this disease in older people may be much higher than previously suspected. Heterophile tests should be performed in those patients manifesting significant lymphocytosis. The determination of EB virus antibody provides an additional means of diagnosis.
Electronic Resources & Libraries, 2nd Annual Conference 2007: Another Perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on the “Electronic resources and libraries” 2nd annual conference.Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides an overview of the presentations given at the conference. Findings Presentations include discussions on Web 2.0 technologies and how librarians view Open Access.Originality/value – The paper provides a useful review of the conference, focusing on such topics as screencasting, Open Access and scholarly communications.
Special conference of the American Association for Cancer Research on molecular imaging in cancer: linking biology, function, and clinical applications in vivo.

The AACR Special Conference on Molecular Imaging in Cancer: Linking Biology, Function, and Clinical Applications In Vivo , was held January 23–27, 2002, at the Contemporary Hotel, Walt Disney World, Orlando, FL. Co-Chairs David Piwnica-Worms, Patricia Price and Thomas Meade brought together researchers with diverse expertise in molecular biology, gene therapy, chemistry, engineering, pharmacology, and imaging to accelerate progress in developing and applying technologies for imaging specific cellular and molecular signals in living animals and humans. The format of the conference was the presentation of research that focused on basic and translational biology of cancer and current state-of-the-art techniques for molecular imaging in animal models and humans. This report summarizes the special conference on molecular imaging, highlighting the interfaces of molecular biology with animal models, instrumentation, chemistry, and pharmacology that are essential to convert the dreams and promise of molecular imaging into improved understanding, diagnosis, and management of cancer.
Effect of sustained release on the pharmacokinetic profile of indomethacin in man

The effect of sustained release on the pharmacokinetic profile of indomethacin was examined by comparing to three reference regimens: an intravenous dose, a single 75 mg dose of conventional capsules, and three 25 mg conventional doses given at 4-h intervals. Results indicate that the sustained release test formulation exhibited more prolonged and uniform absorption rate, yielded more sustained plasma levels after ingestion, and showed an overall bioavailability of 0.93 (95 per cent C.I. = 0.82, 1.04) relative to three 25 mg doses of the conventional capsules.
Laminar Shear Stress Modulates Phosphorylation and Localization of RNA Polymerase II on the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene

Objective— In endothelial cells exposed to unidirectional laminar shear stress, endothelial nitric oxide synthase transcription (eNOS), mRNA stability, and protein levels are enhanced. We have previously demonstrated that these changes are associated with increased 3′ polyadenylation of eNOS mRNA. Here, we investigated the effect of laminar shear stress on the phosphorylation and localization of RNA polymerase (Pol) II, the enzyme primarily responsible for coordinating transcription and posttranscriptional processing. Methods and Results— Using Western and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses, Pol II phosphorylation and localization on the eNOS gene were assessed in bovine aortic endothelial cells exposed to laminar shear stress. Total Pol II (phosphorylated and unphosphorylated) levels were increased 65% in response to laminar shear stress. This was associated with an increase in Pol II phosphoserine 2, but no change in levels of the unphosphorylated or phosphoserine 5 isoforms. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that laminar shear stress enhanced binding of Pol II phosphoserine 2 to the 3′ end of the eNOS gene, particularly exon 26, which encodes the 3′UTR. Treatment of cells with DRB attenuated laminar shear stress-induced Pol II phosphorylation, eNOS 3′ polyadenylation, and eNOS expression. Conclusion— These data suggest that laminar shear stress enhances eNOS mRNA 3′ polyadenylation by modulating phosphorylation and localization of Pol II.
Time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of the dehydration behavior of chalcophanite

Time-resolved synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data were used to investigate the dehydration behavior of the chalcophanite (ZnMn 3 O 7 ·3H 2 O) structure from 300 to 1060 K. Rietveld refinements revealed two obvious phase changes, at ~450 and ~950 K, corresponding to the dehydration of chalcophanite followed by transformation to a spinel structure (Mn-hetaerolite). Only small changes were observed in the chalcophanite unit cell from RT to ~438 K; the volume increased by ~0.8%, mostly caused by thermal expansion of ~0.5% along c . Above ~427 K, the interlayer water molecules were lost, resulting in a collapse of the interlayer spacing from ~7 to ~4.8 A. The newly formed anhydrous phase (ZnMn 3 O 7 ) retained chalcophanite’s R 3 space group and a dimension, but the c dimension decreased from ~21 to 14.3 A, and the Zn coordination changed from octahedral to tetrahedral. Above ~775 K the anhydrous chalcophanite began to transform to a spinel structure, corresponding to a Mn-rich hetaerolite [(Zn 0.75 Mn 2+ 0.25 )Mn 2 3+ O 4 ]. By ~973 K the transformation was complete. The diffraction patterns did not show a significant increase in background during the transformation, indicating that the reaction did not involve transient amorphization. The phase change was likely triggered by loss of 1.25 of seven O atoms in the original anhydrous chalcophanite structure with a corresponding reduction of Mn 4+ to Mn 3+ and Mn 2+ .
Experimental study of the Duke storage ring dynamic aperture

The Duke storage ring was designed with a large dynamic aperture for UV-VUV free electron laser operations. During commissioning of the Duke storage ring, experiments were performed to measure the horizontal, vertical, and energy apertures. The experimental methods used for the aperture measurements are presented in this paper. The measured results are discussed and compared with the computer simulations.
Inverse association of erythrocyte n-3 fatty acid levels with inflammatory biomarkers in patients with stable coronary artery disease: The Heart and Soul Study

Objective Dietary intake of polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids has been associated with a reduced incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. The protective mechanisms involved are not fully understood, but may include anti-inflammatory factors. We sought to investigate the relationship between n-3 fatty acid levels in erythrocyte membranes and markers of systemic inflammation in 992 individuals with stable coronary artery disease.
Strange Baryon Spectra in a Bethe-Salpeter Dynamical Model

A Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) has been derived using a covariant confining interaction motivated from QCD. Recently, this interaction has been applied to a qqq system under the null plane ansatz (NPA), which reduces the resulting equations to three-dimensional form. For equal mass quarks, encouraging results were obtained for baryon masses and quantum numbers. In the present paper, this formalism is generalized to unequal mass kinematics and applied to the spectroscopy of strange baryons (Λ, Σ, Ξ, Ω). All input parameters are fixed from previous calculations. The reduced qqq equation in the NPA is solved algebraically in a six-dimensional harmonic oscillator basis, on lines analogous to the corresponding techniques developed for the equal mass qqq problem. The results on the Λ, Σ spectra are in good agreement with data, where available, up to levels N=5. Our results are compared with those from another relativized potential of baryon masses.
FunZ designs-a bridge between Z specifications and Haskell implementations

FunZ, an intermediate specification language, is part of a complete methodology designed to facilitate the derivation of purely functional programs from Z specifications. FunZ is actually an extension of Haskell, yet the language also retains a Z-like flavor in that it contains notational conventions similar to those of standard Z or several object oriented variants. By combining features from both Z and Haskell, FunZ provides a bridge between Z specifications and Haskell implementations. Although the intermediate language and associated methodology target Haskell, the approach itself is general and can also be applied to other purely functional languages. The paper highlights one facet of the methodology, namely the procedure to derive concrete predicates written in FunZ from their abstract Z counterparts. In addition, by means of an example, the paper gives an overview of the translation process from Z specifications to FunZ designs.
Lifting a butterfly - A component-based FFT

While modern software engineering, with good reason, tries to establish the idea of reusability and the principles of parameterization and loosely coupled components even for the design of performance-critical software, Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) tend to be monolithic and of a very low degree of parameterization. The data structures to hold the input and output data, the element type of these data, the algorithm for computing the so-called twiddle factors, the storage model for a given set of twiddle factors, all are unchangeably defined in the so-called butterfly, restricting its reuse almost entirely. This paper shows a way to a component-based FFT by designing a parameterized butterfly. Based on the technique of lifting, this parameterization includes algorithmic and implementation issues without violating the complexity guarantees of an FFT. The paper demonstrates the lifting process for the Gentleman-Sande butterfly, i.e., the butterfly that underlies the large class of decimation-in-frequency (DIF) FFTs, shows the resulting components and summarizes the implementation of a component-based, generic DIF library in C++.
Differential Nuclear Localization Does Not Determine the Silencing Status of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Telomeres

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, genes near telomeres are transcriptionally repressed, a phenomenon termed telomere position effect (TPE). Yeast telomeres cluster near the nuclear periphery, as do foci of proteins essential for TPE: Rap1p, Sir2-4p, and yKu70p/yKu80p. However, it is not clear if localization of telomeres to the periphery actually contributes to TPE. We examined the localization patterns of two telomeres with different levels of TPE: truncated VII-L and native VI-R. For both telomeres, localization to the nuclear periphery or to the silencing foci was neither necessary nor sufficient for TPE. Moreover, there was no correlation between TPE levels and the extent of localization. Tethering the truncated VII-L telomere to the nuclear periphery resulted in a modest increase in TPE. However, tethering did not bypass the roles of yKu70p, Sir4p, or Esc1p in TPE. Using mutations in RIF genes that bypass the role of Ku in TPE, a correlation between the level of silencing and the number of Rap1p foci present in the nucleus was observed, suggesting that Sir protein levels at telomeres determine both the level of TPE and the number of foci.
Tabletop displays for small group study: affordances of paper and digital materials

In this paper we compare the affordances of presenting educational material on a tabletop display with presenting the same material using traditional paper handouts. Ten pairs of undergraduate students used digital or paper materials to prepare for exams during four one-hour study sessions over the course of a term. Students studying with the tabletop display solved problems on their own before resorting to answer keys and repeated activities more often than students studying with paper documents. We summarize study activities and discuss the benefits and drawbacks of each medium.
Detecting digital chameleons

Conversations are characterized by an interactional synchrony between verbal and nonverbal behaviors [Kendon, A. (1970). Movement coordination in social interaction: some examples described. Acta Psychologica, 32(2), 101-125]. A subset of these contingent conversational behaviors is direct mimicry. During face to face interaction, people who mimic the verbal [Giles, H., Coupland, J., & Coupland, N. (1991). Accommodation theory: Communication, context, and consequence. In Giles, H., Coupland, J., & Coupland, N. Contexts of accommodation. Developments in applied sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] and nonverbal behaviors [Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon effect: the perception-behavior link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 893-910] gain social advantage. Most research examining mimicry behavior in interaction examines 'implicit mimicry' in which the mimicked individual is unaware of the behavior of the mimicker. In this paper, we examined how effective people were at explicitly detecting mimicking computer agents and the consequences of mimic detection in terms of social influence and interactional synchrony. In Experiment 1, participant pairs engaged in a ''one-degree of freedom'' Turing Test. When the computer agent mimicked them, users were significantly worse than chance at identifying the other human. In Experiment 2, participants were more likely to detect mimicry in an agent that mirror-mimicked their head movements (three degrees of freedom) than agents that either congruently mimicked their behaviors or mimicked those movements on another rotational axis. We discuss implications for theories of interactivity.
Study of Carrier Mobility of Low-Energy High-Dose Ion Implantations

New carrier drift mobility data for boron-, phosphorus-, and arsenic-doped Si in a low-energy high-dose implant regime are measured and studied using a continuous anodic oxidation technique/differential Hall effect technique. The data show that, when the doping concentration is >; 1020/cm3, both the hole and electron mobility values are lower than the conventional model predictions, and the electron mobility of the As-doped Si is lower than that of the P-doped ones. The data also show that, when the doping concentration is >; 1021/cm3 the hole mobility in the B-doped Si and the electron mobility in the P-doped Si are almost equal and reach as low as ~40 cm2/V · s, and the electron mobility of the As-doped Si is the lowest and reaches ~30 cm2/V · s. These mobility data are much lower than the conventional model predictions and are also lower than the previously published data. For the ULSI device and circuit analyses, simulations, and designs, these new mobility data need to be taken into consideration.
Parallel Finite–Element Analysis via Message Passing

This paper describes the evolution of a finite–element program with explicit time integration from a sequential form to a parallel message passing incarnation. The resulting parallel code has been used on a wide range of parallel platforms. The finite elements are allocated among multiprocessors through various domain decomposition strategies. Separate input and output files are established for each subdomain. These files are read from and written to by local copies of the program executable operating in parallel. At each time step, only internal forces for nodes at subdomain interfaces are exchanged. The Argonne–developed p4 package is used to manage interprocessor communication. Program fragments are presented to illustrate use of p4 in the context of finite–element analysis with explicit time integration. The code is portable among platforms supporting Berkeley UNIX 4.3BSD interprocess communication sockets. Results are presented for problems exhibiting large–deformation, elastic–plastic dynamic transient response. Benchmarks highlighting the benefits of parallel computing on both the small and medium–sized problems that engineers run routinely as well as large–scale ones are included. Speed–up factors are presented for shared–memory MIMD multiprocessors, networks of workstations, and two distributed memory MIMD multiprocessors—an Intel i860 Hypercube and the Intel Touchstone Delta supercomputer.
Building sustainable science curriculum: Acknowledging and accommodating local adaptation

A core challenge facing science educators is how to develop and support the implementation of project-based, technology-rich science curriculum that is consistent with international calls for a “new approach” to science education while at the same time meeting the everyday needs of classroom teachers. In this article, we discuss the challenges of scaling out university-developed, project-based curricula, providing a contextualizing frame for the articles that constitute this current issue of Science Education. Specifically, we overview (1) what constitutes and why implement inquiry-based, project-focused learning environments, (2) the role of integrating technology to support their implementation, (3) the value of engaging in design experiments for their development, (4) the importance of allowing for local adaptation, and (5) the process of curricular diffusion. In our thinking, the process of dissemination is not simply “rubber-stamping” the same program into multiple contexts; rather, the process of large-scale adoption involves additional, individual teacher-directed design, fitting, and adaptation for local circumstances. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed87:454–467, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/sce.10083