cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asian and Pacific Region Authorship Characteristics in Leading Library and Information Science Journals

Authorship characteristics from the Asian and Pacific region in the top twenty journals in library and information science are studied. Data was collected searching the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science databases. Major findings of this study are: there are a total of 1,317 articles for the period 1967 to 2005; the most productive countries are, in rank order, Australia, China, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, New Zealand, Malaysia, Thailand and Philippines; and 77.6 percent of authors in the top twenty library and information science journals contributed a single article. Among the library science journals about 50 percent were written by multiple authors, while 73.1 percent of articles in the information science journals were written collaboratively. The most productive individual authors in the region are reported. The strongest collaboration within the region took place between Australia and China; China and Singapore; Australia and New Zealand.
Relationships between urinary biomarkers of phytoestrogens, phthalates, phenols, and pubertal stages in girls.

Phytoestrogens, phthalates, and phenols are estrogen-disrupting chemicals that have a pronounced effect at puberty. They are exogenous chemicals that are either plant-derived or man-made, and can alter the functions of the endocrine system and cause various health defects by interfering with the synthesis, metabolism, binding, or cellular responses of natural estrogens. Phytoestrogens, phthalates, and phenols are some of the potent estrogens detectable in urine. Phytoestrogens are plant-derived xenestrogens found in a wide variety of food products, like soy-based food, beverages, several fruits, and vegetables. Exposure to phytoestrogens can delay breast development and further lead to precocious puberty. The effect of phytoestrogens is mediated through estrogen receptors α and β or by binding with early immediate genes, such as jun and fos. Phthalates are multifunctional synthetic chemicals used in plastics, polyvinyl chloride products, cosmetics, hair spray, and children’s toys. Phthalates have been shown to cause defeminization, thelarche, precocious puberty, and an increase in breast and pubic hair in pubertal girls. However, reports are also available that show no association of phthalates with precocious puberty in girls. Phthalates can act through a receptor-mediated signaling pathway or affect the production of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone that has a direct effect on estrogen formation. Phenols like bisphenol A are industrial chemicals used mainly in the manufacture of polycarbonates and plastic materials. Bisphenol A has been shown to cause precocious puberty and earlier menarche in pubertal girls. Reports suggest that the neurotoxic effect of bisphenol A can be mediated either by competing with estradiol for binding with estrogen receptors or via the ERK/NK-kappa or ERRγ pathway. This review demonstrates the effects of phytoestrogens, phthalates, and phenols on the development of girls during puberty.
The connection between supersymmetry and ordinary Lie symmetry groups

Abstract The mathematical structure of supersymmetry groups and their representations is discussed. Corresponding ordinary Lie algebras are constructed. O'Raifeartaigh's theorem applies and these groups realize one of the possibilities it permits, namely, the Lie algebra is the semidirect product of a semisimple Lie algebra and a solvable non-Abelian Lie algebra. The usual difficulties with such algebras are avoided because it is represented in a space whose coordinates do not form a field. The theorem of Coleman and Mandula is not directly applicable because the Hilbert space of physical states is not invariant under the action of the group. It is possible to consider an extended space of states and to define an ‘inner product’ which is preserved by the action of the group, but this product is not positive definite.
Transition of late-stage effector T cells to CD27+ CD28+ tumor-reactive effector memory T cells in humans after adoptive cell transfer therapy

In humans, the pathways of memory T-cell differentiation remain poorly defined. Recently, adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of tumor-reactive T lymphocytes to metastatic melanoma patients after nonmyeloablative chemotherapy has resulted in persistence of functional, tumor-reactive lymphocytes, regression of disease, and induction of melanocyte-directed autoimmunity in some responding patients. In the current study, longitudinal phenotypic analysis was performed on melanoma antigen-specific CD8+ T cells during their transition from in vitro cultured effector cells to long-term persistent memory cells following ACT to 6 responding patients. Tumor-reactive T cells used for therapy were generally late-stage effector cells with a CD27Lo CD28Lo CD45RA- CD62 ligand- (CD62L-) CC chemokine receptor 7- (CCR7-) interleukin-7 receptor alphaLo (IL-7RalphaLo) phenotype. After transfer, rapid up-regulation and continued expression of IL-7Ralpha in vivo suggested an important role for IL-7R in immediate and long-term T-cell survival. Although the tumor antigen-specific T-cell population contracted between 1 and 4 weeks after transfer, stable numbers of CD27+)CD28+ tumor-reactive T cells were maintained, demonstrating their contribution to the development of long-term, melanoma-reactive memory CD8+ T cells in vivo. At 2 months after transfer, melanoma-reactive T cells persisted at high levels and displayed an effector memory phenotype, including a CD27+ CD28+ CD62L- CCR7- profile, which may explain in part their ability to mediate tumor destruction.
Radical Pacifism and the General Strike Against War: Jessie Wallace Hughan, the Founding of the War Resisters League, and the Socialist Origins of Secular Radical Pacifism in America

Founded by Jessie Wallace Hughan, a socialist pacifist, the War Resisters League (WRL) has remained the major secular, mixed-gender, radical pacifist organization in America. This article, which explores the neglected story of the WRL's socialist roots, examines Hughan's socialism, the founding of the WRL, and the transatlantic socialist and pacifist origins of Hughan's theory of war resistance. In this context, I examine the Socialist International's pre–World War I proposal to wage a “general strike against war,” British No-Conscription Fellowship, Independent Labour party, No More War Movement, and War Resisters' International. This article argues that the international socialist movement and European socialist pacifism shaped Hughan's war resistance; that Hughan and the WRL advocated a general strike to prevent war and advance social—and socialist—reform/revolution, a nonviolent technique borrowed from the socialist and labor movements; and that the WRL represents a socialist pacifist ideology and organization.
Racial Differences on Organizational Attachment?: Structural Explanation of Attitude Differences Between White and African American Employees

This study examines and explains differences between White and Black employees in organizational attachment. Previous studies on racial inequality assumed that the relative failure of Black employe...
New gravitational tests of early universe cosmology

Gravitational waves and lenses were among the earliest predictions of general relativity. I demonstrate here how both these phenomena can, in conjunction with newly discovered astrophysical objects, be used to test fundamental aspects of early universe cosmology, including (a) scenarios for galaxy formation, and (b) nonadiabatic expansion before and after nucleosynthesis.
Reflection of wide-angle acoustic waves from a high velocity interface

At angles other than normal incidence a pencil of plane acoustic waves, incident on a planar interface separating a low velocity medium from a high velocity medium, gives rise to a reflected pencil of waves which is laterally displaced from the illumination point of the incident pencil. The importance of this planar shift for understanding and interpreting wide-angle acoustic reflections is discussed, as is the variation of the equivalent depth below the interface at which a “point-like” reflection would be considered as an equivalent reflecting horizon.
Reactions of group 1b metal ions with selected hydrocarbons in the source of a spark source mass spectrometer

Evidence for the intervention of excited states of Au+, Ag+ and Cu+ in chemical reactions is gathered from differences in the chemistry of the interaction of these ions with hexane, cyclohexene, benzene and propene, and of Au+ only with butadiene and cyclohexane. Most ions are explained by insertions into CC bonds; only in the case of Au+ is there unequivocal evidence for insertion into CH bonds. The products of decyclotrimerization reactions dominate the Au+ and Cu+ spectra of cyclohexene and benzene, and the Au+ spectrum of cyclohexane.
Type and Timing of Permanent Pacemaker Failure

Availability of lithium batteries will decrease the incidence of early pacemaker failure. Pacemaker malfunction, exclusive of that due to battery exhaustion, can still occur. Defined as any repeat surgical procedure required after initial implantation, pacemaker system failure occurred in 22 of 115 (19 percent) pacemaker patients. Failure occurred within the first month in 12 with ten being lead-related. Insertion site problems occurred in nine patients. Though most endocardial pacemaker complications occur early, patients continue to be at risk for as long as the units are in place. Despite improvements in the batteries, there continue to be sufficient problems with pacemakers to emphasize the need for selectivity in determining which patients receive permanent units.
Modeling and experimental studies of the DIII-D neutral beam system

Abstract In this paper, we present the results of beam physics experimental and modeling efforts aimed at learning from and building on the experience of the DIII-D off-axis neutral beam upgrade and other neutral beam system upgrades such as those at JET. The modeling effort includes electrostatic accelerator modeling (using a Poisson solver), gas dynamics modeling for the neutralizer and beam transport models for the beamline. Experimentally, spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques are used to evaluate the system performance. We seek to understand and ameliorate problems such as anomalous power deposition, originating from misdirected or excessively divergent beam particles, on a number of beamline components. We qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate possible project risks such as neutralization efficiency deficit and high voltage hold off associated with increasing the beam energy up to 105 keV.
Carbon-14 and Tritium Measurement by Means of Bremsstrahlung Emissions

The feasibility of measuring carbon-14 and tritium in vivo has been demonstrated in the rat; thin scintillation detectors were used for the measurement of bremsstrahlung produced by these soft beta emitters. Measurements of tritium in vivo are limited to the study of surface phenomena, whereas bremsstrahlung produced by carbon-14 may be detected from depths of several centimeters.
A comparison of multiple linear regression approaches for fitting clearing functions to empirical data

We examine the problem of estimating clearing functions (CFs) that describe the expected output of a production resource as a function of its expected workload from empirical data. We use a simulation model of a scaled-down wafer fabrication facility to generate the data and evaluate the performance of the resulting CFs. We compare the performance of production plans generated using load based and product based CFs and find that using load based CFs yields better performance.
Showing up for your own life: Cognitive therapy of avoidant personality disorder

Cognitive therapy, with its emphasis on structure, time-effectiveness, action, and key thoughts, puts great demands on clients who suffer from Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD). Such clients typically shy away from situations in which they feel at risk for failure, rejection, embarrassment, or general discomfort. As such, cognitive therapy potentially presents AVPD clients with the very skills, knowledge, and experience they are lacking, and therefore may be particularly efficacious. On the other hand, the perceived demands of cognitive therapy can scare AVPD clients out of treatment before benefits can accrue; therefore, the therapist must tread lightly. A cognitively based conceptualization of AVPD is presented, along with its concomitant strategies for change. An illustrative case is presented, in which the client learns to chip away at his morbid fear of failure and rejection, and to develop his coping resources through gradual changes in attitudes and daily habits. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A comparative study of the ultrastructure of the median eminence, infundiblar stem and neural lobe of the hypophysis of the rat

The ultrastructure of the infundibulum has been studied and compared with that of neural lobe in normal rats. The neurohemal areas of the median eminence are similar to those of the stem but differ from those of neural lobe. The infundibular axons which end around the primary capillaries of the portal system are of a significantly finer caliber. Secondly they contain a different vesicle population. They lack the large (1500 A–2100 A) neurosecretory vesicles so abundant in neural lobe axon terminals but contain a smaller (less than 1000 A) type of vesicle with an osmiophilic center. These dense-core vesicles are consistently present in the many infundibular levels examined, although they are not as numerous as the neurosecretory ones of neural lobe. They are outnumbered by vesicles of the synaptic type, whereas in neural lobe the neurosecretory ones predominate. Another difference involves the electron lucent, neurosecretory vesicle. These are abundant in neural lobe axons, but comparable aggregations of them have not been seen in infundibular axon endings of the neurohemal areas. In contrast, the internal zone of median eminence and the interior of the stem display, in addition to the fine axons, many large fibers which by size and content match the ones of neural lobe. However, careful study indicates that these are axis cylinders and not axon endings. These observations lead to the conclusion that the small calibered axons which terminate around the infundibular capillaries of the portal system constitute a separate group, and are clearly distinguishable at the ultrastructural level from the large supraoptico-neurohypophyseal axons. The latter normally traverse the infundibulum but terminate in neural lobe.
Introduction to İsmail Saray's Leonardo da Vinci

Aiming to contextualize Turkish artist Ismail Saray's artist book Leonardo da Vinci (1976), this text centers around the artist's educational formation and the early years of his artistic practice between the years of 1973–1980, when he was based in Turkey. Tracing key moments in this period including his participation in the Paris Biennial of 1977, the Yeni Egilimler [New Trends in Art] exhibition of 1979 in Istanbul as well as his guest appearance in the exhibition Sanat Olarak Betik [Book as Art] organized by the conceptualist artist collective Sanat Tanim Toplulugu. This essay also gives a glimpse of the conditions under which artists were operating at the time, heavily influenced by the political developments in Turkey. The dematerialization of Saray's practice is traced through the artist books and his production on paper, including correspondence that led to the production of his artworks by fellow artists elsewhere, a phenomenon that awaits further investigation.
Combinatorial chemistry toward understanding the function(s) of carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates.

Combinatorial chemistry has contributed significantly to understanding the structure–function relationships of biologically important molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. However, carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates, which have been identified as key modulators of several biological functions have not enjoyed the same measure of success. The complexity and synthetic challenges of carbohydrate conjugates have resulted in a number of conceptual approaches to rapidly access sufficient quantities of these biomolecules. This article summarizes these combinatorial approaches and also highlights fully automated library synthesis of artificial glycopeptides with the goals of understanding their biological roles.
Accuracy of a ratio-estimation method to set maximum acceptable weights in complex lifting tasks

Abstract This study evaluated the accuracy with which trained and conditioned females could set Maximum Acceptable Weights (MAWs) for different lifting tasks. Two types of lifting tasks were studied: a sagittal plane lifting task performed with four lift frequencies and two lift ranges, and a lift and twist task performed with four different lift frequencies. For the sagittal plane task the two lifting ranges were floor-to-knuckle and knuckle-to-shoulder, with lift frequencies of one lift every 9, 20, 60, and 120-seconds. For the lift and twist task the lifting range was floor-to-knuckle, the twist was 90 deg, and the lift frequencies were 20-seconds and 60-seconds. In each of the lifting tasks subjects set the MAW using the psychophysical method. Immediately after the MAW had been set, the task conditions were changed, the task was performed for a few cycles with the original MAW, and rated using ratio-estimation. This rating was used to estimate a MAW for the second lifting task. On a later day, the MAW was set for the second task using the psychophysical method, and the MAW for the original task estimated with ratio-estimation. This allowed comparison of the accuracy of MAWs set by the psychophysical method and ratio-estimation. Consistent with previous research there were significant effects on the MAW due to frequency of lift, the lift range, and twisting. There were no significant differences between MAWs set by' ratio-estimation and the psychophysical method ( p > 0.6). This indicated that, (1) ratio-estimation is an accurate method to quickly establish MAWs for a lifting tasks, and (2) that MAWs for lifting tasks not easily determined may be quickly and accurately determined using ratio-estimation.
The Experience of Earthquakes by Patients with Epileptic and Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures

Summary: Purpose: We sought to understand better the experience of seizures by studying differences in the subjective experience of being in an earthquake between patients with epileptic (EP) and nonepileptic (NES) seizures. Methods: Forty-eight patients with CCTV/EEG-documented EP or NES who were in the Seattle metropolitan area during the February 28, 2001 Nisqually earthquake were randomly selected for telephone interviews on their earthquake experiences, including whether they thought they were having a seizure during the event. Results: Twenty-three percent of EP patients spontaneously volunteered that they initially thought they were having a seizure during the earthquake as compared with none of the NES individuals (p = 0.03). However, 35% of EP and 23% of NES patients thought they were having a seizure during it when asked directly (p = 0.37). The most common reasons given, regardless of seizure type, were shaking and feelings of losing control. Of those responding negatively, 100% of EP and 47% of NES patients said that movement of their environment indicated that it was not a seizure (p = 0.001). EP patients took an average of 42 s to realize that the earthquake was not a seizure compared with 105 s for the NES group (p = 0.06). The earthquake precipitated seizures in both groups (11.5% EP, 9.1% NES). Conclusions: EP patients were more likely to mistake the earthquake spontaneously for a seizure. This indicates these two experiences are similar and provides a glimpse into the subjective experience of a seizure for those who have never had one but have experienced an earthquake.
A motor timing experiment implemented using a musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) approach

The musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) offers a way for perception and behavior researchers to implement high-quality experiments using inexpensive, commercially available hardware and software. We describe the MIDI and illustrate its applicability to research using a replication of the oscillator signature finding reported recently by Collyer, Broadbent, and Church (1992, 1994).
Factors affecting solution rate of biogenic opal in seawater

Abstract The rate of solution of a single biogenic opal test is a function of solution temperature, degree of saturation, available surface area of the test and any coating or protective layer the test may have. Grazing has both adverse and beneficial effects on test preservation; solution of opal within the first few tens of centimeters of the sediment is significant; below 1000 m water depth where temperature and dissolved silicate changes are small, the relative solution rates for the world's oceans should be within 10 to 12% of one another.
Analgesia in acute abdominal pain: what's next?

In 1986, Zoltie and Cust described a group of inpatients with acute abdominal pain whom they treated with buprenorphine, a semisynthetic opiate, or placebo to determine whether analgesia could alleviate discomfort without reducing diagnostic accuracy. Before the publication of this article, clinicians adhered to the surgical dictum outlined in Sir Zachary Cope’s classic treatise on acute abdominal pain: avoid early analgesic administration in patients presenting with acute severe undifferentiated abdominal pain because it would impair clinical diagnostic accuracy. Despite some moderation of this position throughout the ensuing 10 to 15 years, the surgical and emergency medicine literature of the early 1990s reflected widespread reluctance to administer analgesia in the emergency department (ED) for patients presenting with undiagnosed acute abdominal pain. As an emergency physician (RK) and a surgeon (DD), we believe it is important to ask what we have learned in the past 10 years about analgesic administration in patients with acute abdominal pain and what our current practice should be. Many practitioners believe that there is no longer a controversy, because current practice in many hospitals supports the early administration of analgesia. However, even in the past 3 years several published articles have questioned whether the evidence supports early analgesic administration. Nissman et al commented in a survey and literature review on early analgesic administration that none of the studies adequately addressed the safety of giving analgesia without the surgeon’s involvement. Green et al published an article last year in Pediatrics, indicating that morphine relieved pain in children 5 to 16 years of age without appearing to “impede the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.” Two accompanying editorials, however, raised concerns that the quality of evidence remains inadequate to make such a conclusion. Why are medical journals still publishing articles on a subject that was first addressed 20 years ago? First, changing a long tradition is often an evolutionary process rather than a rapid or revolutionary one. From the perspective of the surgeon, accurate examination of the patient is essential to determine the need for surgery in the setting of acute undiagnosed abdominal pain. An
Interplay Between Magnetization Dynamics and Spin Transport

For transition-metal based ferromagnets, magnetic and spin transport properties are intimately correlated. By using an exchange interaction between conduction electrons and nonuniform magnetization vectors, we show that many spin-dependent phenomena in the nonequilibrium conditions can be understood in a unified picture. In particular, we discuss the generation of nonequilibrium spin density and spin current induced by domain wall motion. These induced spin density and spin currents produce an electromotive force, a domain wall resistance, inter-band electronic transitions between two spin channels, and an enhanced spatial-dependence of damping. As examples, we apply our formulations to study domain wall dynamics and corresponding induced charge currents or voltage.
Time to play: The temporal organization of chess competition

How is competition to be understood as a time-bound activity? While the comparison of task completion success is a central feature of competition, time is routinely used as a principle through which contests are organized, either as a direct measure of success or as a constraining resource that insures the contest is fair. In competitions various models of temporal organization (and sequential turn-taking) organize strategy and produce constraints that lead to the evaluation of success. I present an ethnography of competitive chess to demonstrate the centrality and consequences of temporality in contests in which time is used as a resource. Time shapes chess on the macro-level (for organizing events), the meso-level (as interpersonal engagement), and the micro-level (as psychic pressure). Put together, activities create a temporal tapestry. Treating time as a resource in competitive activity emphasizes that rules depend on temporal strategies to create equitable outcomes.
Practitioner review: clinical applications of attachment theory and research for infants and young children

Study of attachment in the 1970s and 1980s focused on operationalizing and validating many of the tenets of attachment theory articulated in Bowlby’s landmark trilogy, Attachment and Loss (Bowlby, 1982, 1973, 1980), robustly underscoring the central role of child to parent attachment in the child’s development and mental health. Attachment theory and its implications have long interested clinicians, though determining how best to translate complex theoretical constructs and research methods into the clinical arena has been challenging. Nevertheless, well-defined landmarks in early childhood attachment are clinically useful, and the emergence of interventions drawn from systematic research is promising. The purpose of this paper is to summarize salient issues from attachment theory and research and discuss how these issues inform clinical work with infants and young children. We recognize that there is a range of clinical settings in which child–parent attachment will be important. Likewise, among practitioners serving young children and their families, there is a broad range of familiarity with and expertise in attachment principles and attachment-based treatment. We assert that all clinical services for young children and their families will be enhanced by providers’ understanding of attachment theory and research. We further assert that in some clinical contexts understanding child–parent attachment is essential. We begin by reviewing developmental research on attachment to describe how attachments develop, how individual differences in selective attachments manifest, and the characteristics of clinical disorders of attachment. Next, we turn to assessment of attachment in clinical settings. Then, we describe selected specialized clinical contexts in which assessing attachments are uniquely important. Finally, we describe four interventions for young children and their families, all of which are closely derived from attachment theory, supported by rigorous evaluations, and designed to support directly the developing child–parent relationship.
Histologic and Bacteriologic Findings in Infants with Enteropathogenic E. Coli Infection

Escherichia coli infection causes diarrhea by a variety of mechanisms. These include elaboration of heat-labile or heat stable enterotoxins or cytopathic toxin and invasion of the intestinal mucosa. Enteropathogenic strains have been implicated as the cause of diarrhea outbreaks in infants but the nature and pathogenesis of EPEC diarrhea have remained obscure. In this report, we describe studies of infants evaluated between October, 1979 and March, 1981 who presented with protracted diarrhea apparently due to an enterocyte adherent strain of the classical enteropathogenic E. coli 0119:B14.
Spatio-temporal pattern recognition using hidden Markov models

A spatio-temporal method for identifying objects contained in an image sequence is presented. The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) technique is used as the classification algorithm, making classification decisions based on a spatio-temporal sequence of observed object features. A five class problem is considered. Classification accuracies of 100% and 99.7%, are obtained for sequences of images generated over two separate regions of viewing positions. HMMs trained on image sequences of the objects moving in opposite directions showed a 98.1% successful classification rate by class and direction of movement. The HMM technique proved robust to image corruption with additive correlated noise and had a higher accuracy than a single-look nearest neighbor method. A real image sequence of one of the objects used was successfully recognized with the HMMs trained on synthetic data. This study shows the temporal changes that observed feature vectors undergo due to object motion hold information that can yield superior classification accuracy when compared with single-frame techniques. >
Feeding by adult sweet potato weevils, Cylas formicarius elegantulus, on sweet potato leaves.

A bioassay was developed to quantify the feeding of adult sweet potato weevils, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) (Coleoptera; Curculionidae) on the foliage of four cultivars (Centennial, Jewel, Resisto and Regal) of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) (Convolvulaceae). Weevils fed along the leaf veins, preferring the lower to the upper leaf surface. Males and females had similar levels of feeding. Different levels of feeding by female weevils were observed between cultivars in dual-choice bioassays with Centennial, a susceptible cultivar in field-plot experiments, being most preferred and Resisto least preferred. However, these feeding differences were not observed in no-choice bioassays. Little difference was observed in the leaf surface chemistry of the four cultivars. Resume Consommation des feuilles d'Ipomoea batatas par les adultes de Cylas formicarius elegantulus L'etude a porte sur la consommation pendant 12 h, en boites de Petri de diametre 9 cm, de rondelles de 2 cm de diametre de feuilles de 4 cultivars, – Centennial, Jewel, Resisto, Regal –, d'I. batatas par C. formicarius elegantulus. Les charancons ont consomme le long des nervures, preferant la face inferieure a la face superieure des feuilles. Un index de consommation a ete calcule en fonction de la longueur de nervure ayant servi a la consommation, rapportee a la longueur totale des nervures de la surface exposee. Les niveaux de consommation des mâles et des femelles etaient semblables. En presence de choix binaires, le cultivar Centennial a ete le plus consomme, et le cultivar Resisto, le moins, par les femelles. De telles preferences n'ont pas ete observees en l'absence de choix. La composition chimique de la surface de la feuille a ete analysee par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. 8 pics principaux identiques ont ete observes chez les 4 cultivars, mais ils avaient differentes hauteurs.
FACT: INTEGRATING FAMILY PSYCHOEDUCATION AND ASSERTIVE COMMUNITY TREATMENT

Family Psychoeducation and Assertive Community Treatment are both state-of-the-art service systems with rich empirical foundations, demonstrating unusual effectiveness in randomized clinical trials. Recent research suggests a possible additive effect on selected outcomes when the two approaches are integrated. This paper reviews the role of family support and intervention in the care of persons with serious mental illnesses, presents the research literature on psychoeducation, and highlights benefits of merging the multiple-family version of this approach into the work of assertive community treatment programs.
Listeria monocytogenes infection of a popliteal artery stent graft

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen associated with meningitis in the immunosuppressed patient. The pathogen is usually found in soft cheeses and raw milk. We present a case of an infected popliteal artery stent graft with Listeria monocytogenes. The report focuses on the diagnosis and treatment with surgical explantation and vascular reconstruction.
Pharmacokinetics of 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine and 3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine in rats.

Concentrations of 39-fluoro-39-deoxythymidine (FDT) and 39-deoxy-29,39-didehydrothymidine (D4T) in plasma declined in a biexponential fashion. Total clearance of D4T (1.75 +/- 0.22 liters/h/kg; mean +/- standard deviation) was significantly greater than that of FDT (1.19 +/- 0.19 liters/h/kg) owing to greater renal and nonrenal clearances of the former. Steady-state volumes of distribution of FDT (1.20 +/- 0.12 liters/kg) and D4T (1.07 +/- 0.15 liters/kg) were similar.
A New Route for the Synthesis of Tungsten Carbide–Cobalt Nanocomposites

Synthesis of WC–Co nanocomposites generally involves gas-phase carburization. A novel approach in which a polymer precursor such as polyacrylonitrile serves as an in situ carbon source has been developed. The WC–Co nanocomposites formed are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and electron microscopy. Nearly phase pure WC–Co nanocomposites with a particle size of 50–80 nm have been obtained. The phase purity of the products is strongly influenced by the synthesis and processing conditions such as the firing temperature, time, and atmosphere.
Incorporating clonal growth form clarifies the role of plant height in response to nitrogen addition

Nutrient addition to grasslands consistently causes species richness declines and productivity increases. Competition, particularly for light, is often assumed to produce this result. Using a long-term dataset from North American herbaceous plant communities, we tested whether height and clonal growth form together predict responses to fertilization because neither trait alone predicted species loss in a previous analysis. Species with a tall-runner growth form commonly increased in relative abundance in response to added nitrogen, while short species and those with a tall-clumped clonal growth form often decreased. The ability to increase in size via vegetative spread across space, while simultaneously occupying the canopy, conferred competitive advantage, although typically only the abundance of a single species within each height-clonal growth form significantly responded to fertilization in each experiment. Classifying species on the basis of two traits (height and clonal growth form) increases our ability to predict species responses to fertilization compared to either trait alone in predominantly herbaceous plant communities.
Phase Change in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell

Stable high performance in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) requires efficient removal of product water and heat from the reaction sites. The most important coupling between water and heat transport in PEFC, through the liquid-vapor phase change, remains unexplored. This paper sheds light on physical characteristics of liquid-vapor phase change and its role in PEFC operation. A two-phase, nonisothermal numerical model is used to elucidate the phase-change effects inside the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a PEFC. Locations of condensation and evaporation are quantified. Operating conditions such as the relative humidity (RH) of inlet gases and materials properties such as the thermal conductivity of GDL are found to have major influence on phase change. Condensation under the cooler land surface is substantially reduced by decreasing the inlet RH or increasing the GDL thermal conductivity. The RH effect is more pronounced near the cell inlet, whereas the GDL thermal conductivity affects the phase-change rate more uniformly throughout the flow length.
RadSTraM: Radiological Source Tracking and Monitoring, Phase II Final Report

This report focuses on the technical information gained from the Radiological Source Tracking and Monitoring (RadSTraM) Phase II investigation and its implications. The intent of the RadSTraM project was to determine the feasibility of tracking radioactive materials in commerce, particularly International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Category 3 and 4 materials. Specifically, Phase II of the project addressed tracking radiological medical isotopes in commerce. These categories of materials are susceptible to loss or theft but the problem is not being addressed by other agencies.
Abasiveness of Boron Carbide (B4C) Coatings

Hard coatings, such as boron carbide (B4C), can quickly polish the surface of the mating material during sliding contact. The abrasiveness of such coatings directly relates to their ability to polish and sharply decreases as sliding progresses. The abrasiveness also strongly depends upon the sharpness of the individual coating asperities. Various parameters influence the rate at which the abrasiveness decreases and therefore control the run-in process. Such coatings can serve as finite-life run-in coatings for specific applications such as gears. PROBLEM DEFINITION Erdemir first suggested that hard coatings could polish mating surfaces during sliding contact (Erdemir, 1992). Essentially, these coatings increase the fatigue resistance of a coated part because of their inherit ability to provide polishing of the mating surface. These coatings remove asperities on the mating surface that would have otherwise caused high local stresses, eventually leading to contact fatigue failure. This polishing action occurs in an extremely short period of time for a contact at a Hertzian pressure equivalent to that for a pair of heavy-duty gear teeth (Harris et al., 1997). Furthermore, during the polishing process, the coating abrasiveness dropped to a stable and small value, at which point the wear of the mating surface became negligible (Harris et al., 1997, 1999 and Harris and Weiner, 1998). Even though the polishing action occurred relatively quickly, it such coatings still substantially increased the fatigue life of a coated part (Polonsky et al., 1998). Successful design of such fatigue resistant coatings could allow them to serve as finite-life run-in coatings, only providing polishing during a specified amount of time. Ideally, after this specified amount of time, the coating would provide no additional surface polishing. Understanding the changes in the coating abrasiveness during the sliding process is critical for the proper design and implementation of such finite-life run-in coatings. This study investigated both changes in the B4C coating asperities during the polishing process, particularly the coating asperity height and sharpness, as well as the influence of numerous parameters on the coating abrasiveness, including coating thickness, overall coating roughness and counterpart material tempering.
Reflecting upon the losses in plasmonics and metamaterials

Plasmonics aims at combining features of photonics and electronics by coupling photons with a free-electron gas, whose subwavelength oscillations (surface plasmons) enable manipulation of light at the nanoscale and engender the exciting properties of optical metamaterials. Plasmonics is facing a grand challenge of overcoming metal losses impeding its progress. We reflect on the reasons why subwavelength confinement and loss are intimately intertwined and investigate the physics of loss in conductors beyond the conventional Drude model. We suggest that commonly used noble metals may not be the best materials for plasmonics and describe alternate materials such as transparent conducting oxides and transition metal nitrides. We consider the prospects of compensating the loss with gain materials and conclude that the so-far elusive solution to the loss obstacle lies in finding better materials with lower losses.
Potential Effect of an Apoprotein B-based Algorithm on Management of New Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia Referred to a Specialty Lipid Clinic

Background: In patients with hypertriglyceridemia, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (nonHDL-C) is a targeted goal. However, apoprotein B100 (apoB) may be superior in predicting cardiovascular risk so we assessed the utility of an apoB-based. Methods: New patients (n=125) who had both apoB and standard lipids measured on the same day were included and we determined the concordances of having achieved goal lipid levels based upon proposed apoB versus nonHDL-C (ATP III) targets in patients with elevated TG (>150 mg·dl −1 ) levels. Results: Although apoB was correlated with nonHDL-C (r = 0.47, p 150 mg·dl −1 , as specifically outlined in ATP III guidelines. In total, >50% of all subjects would have been treated either more or less aggressively following an apoB-based therapeutic algorithm. Conclusions: Our findings confirm that the majority of patients referred with hypertriglyceridemia would be managed differently by following an apoB-based treatment algorithm compared to ATP III guidelines. Although many patients would be candidates for more intense therapy, many would be treated less aggressively.
Comparative Genomic Analyses of Attenuated Strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a significant respiratory and reproductive pathogen of domestic poultry. While the complete genomic sequence of the virulent, low-passage M. gallisepticum strain R (Rlow) has been reported, genomic determinants responsible for differences in virulence and host range remain to be completely identified. Here, we utilize genome sequencing and microarray-based comparative genomic data to identify these genomic determinants of virulence and to elucidate genomic variability among strains of M. gallisepticum. Analysis of the high-passage, attenuated derivative of Rlow, Rhigh, indicated that relatively few total genomic changes (64 loci) occurred, yet they are potentially responsible for the observed attenuation of this strain. In addition to previously characterized mutations in cytadherence-related proteins, changes included those in coding sequences of genes involved in sugar metabolism. Analyses of the genome of the M. gallisepticum vaccine strain F revealed numerous differences relative to strain R, including a highly divergent complement of vlhA surface lipoprotein genes, and at least 16 genes absent or significantly fragmented relative to strain R. Notably, an Rlow isogenic mutant in one of these genes (MGA_1107) caused significantly fewer severe tracheal lesions in the natural host compared to virulent M. gallisepticum Rlow. Comparative genomic hybridizations indicated few genetic loci commonly affected in F and vaccine strains ts-11 and 6/85, which would correlate with proteins affecting strain R virulence. Together, these data provide novel insights into inter- and intrastrain M. gallisepticum genomic variability and the genetic basis of M. gallisepticum virulence.
Energy and exergy‐based working fluid selection for organic Rankine cycle recovering waste heat from high temperature solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid systems

SUMMARY This paper performed a comparative analysis of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) using different working fluids, in order to recover waste heat from a solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid power cycle. Depending on operating parameters, criteria for the choice of the working fluid were identified. Results reveal that due to a significant temperature glide of the exhaust gas, the actual ORC cycle thermal efficiency strongly depends on the turbine inlet temperature, exhaust gas temperature, and fluid's critical point temperature. When exhaust gas temperature varies in the range of 500 K to 600 K, R123 is preferred among the nine dry typical organic fluids because of the highest and most stabilized mean thermal efficiency under wide operating conditions and its reasonable condensing pressure and turbine outlet specific volume, which in turn results in a feasible ORC cycle for practical concerns. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bristol-Myers Squibb/Zimmer award for distinguished achievement in orthopaedic research. Long-term follow-up of pediatric orthopaedic conditions. Natural history and outcomes of treatment.

The treatment of any medical condition is an attempt to alter the natural history of that condition. If treatment is to be offered, it must alter the natural history in a positive way. The focus of our research efforts over the years has been twofold: first, to examine the natural history of various pediatric orthopaedic conditions in order to learn their adult consequences and, second, to evaluate the long-term outcomes of various treatment methods applied to childhood disorders in order to learn if the natural history had been favorably altered. This has been possible because of a good record-keeping system, started by Arthur Steindler, and a stable population base. This report will give brief highlights of some of these and related studies in the hope of elucidating the adult consequences of the natural history and treatment outcomes of childhood disorders. These studies provide the foundations for current treatment recommendations. ### Scheuermann Kyphosis In 1921, Scheuermann described a so-called spinal deviation that he believed deserved to be distinguished from passively correctable postural hunchback30. This condition, which became known as Scheuermann kyphosis, is characterized by fixed dorsal kyphosis consisting of wedged vertebrae with disturbances of the vertebral end plates. In 1964, Sorensen proposed the now widely accepted radiographic criterion of three adjacent wedged vertebrae angled by at least 5 degrees to define Scheuermann kyphosis31. The cause of the condition remains unclear. The round back of Scheuermann kyphosis and the associated back pain are often causes of concern for patients, parents, and physicians. There have been many reports that, in an adult, this condition leads to backache, embarrassment about physical appearance, interruption of work, disability, severe progressive deformity, cardiopulmonary failure, tightness of the hamstrings or other muscles, spondylolisthesis, disc degeneration, and interference with recreational activities. This has led many authors to recommend …
Positive Opinion Influential Node Set Selection for Social Networks: Considering Both Positive and Negative Relationships

Viral marketing is a cost-effective marketing strategy that promotes products by giving free or discounted items to a selected group of highly influential individuals, in the hope that through the word-of-month effects, a large number of products adoptions will occur. Motivated by viral marketing strategies, lots of researches try to investigate how to find the subset of individuals to maximize the influence spread in the network. However, most of studies focus on friendship relations but ignoring foe relationships. Hence, in the paper, we propose a new influence diffusion mode considering both friend and foe relationships in social networks. Moreover, we propose a novel problem called Positive Opinion Influential Node Set (POINS) selection problem. Subsequently, a greedy algorithm called POINS-GREEDY is presented to address the POINS selection problem. Finally, to validate POINS-GREEDY, simulations are conducted on random graphs.
The effects of physical education on the behavior of second grade children.

Abstract The effects of six weeks of physical education on the negative impulse behavior of second grade children in a “difficult class” and a “usual class” were studied. The instruments used were teacher rating and observation. The results showed that physical education significantly reduced the number and severity of observed impulse behavior in the difficult classroom, although the numbers of individuals involved remained relatively the same; the teacher ratings of the children's behavior did not significantly change as a result of physical education but some tendencies, both positive and negative, were evident. Physical education did not significantly change the usual class in terms of either observed behavior or teacher ratings.