cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuous Quality Improvement Project: Decreasing the Potential for the Development in the Inpatient Setting of Drug Resistance by Improving Nursing Practice for HAART Administration

HIV/AIDS patients' dissatisfaction with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) medication administration in the inpatient setting was the impetus for a continuous quality improvement (CQI) project. The purpose of the CQI project was to initiate a change in nursing practice for HAART medication administration. The goal of the project was to decrease the potential for development of drug resistance in the inpatient setting related to nonadherence with food requirements for drug administration and to incomplete or "missed" doses of prescribed HAART. A secondary goal was to increase the provision of patient education on HAART medications by nurses. The interdisciplinary CQI team found that medication administration in the inpatient setting involved more than nurses simply "passing meds." Inpatient medication administration was a complex process involving a variety of hospital systems, departments, and traditions, all of which had an impact on patient care. The article describes the CQI methodology that was used for the project and how each step of the project was planned and implemented. Specific problems related to administering HAART in the hospital setting are listed as areas for needed nursing research.
A core hole in the southwestern moat of the Long Valley Caldera: Early results

A continuously cored hole penetrated 715 m into the southwestern moat of the Long Valley caldera. Temperatures in the postcaldera deposits increased rapidly with depth over the upper 335 m to 202°C, then remained nearly isothermal into the Bishop Tuff to the bottom of the hole. The depth to the Bishop Tuff is the shallowest, and the temperatures observed are among the highest in holes drilled in the caldera. The hole identifies a potential geothermal resource for the community of Mammoth Lakes, constrains the position of the principal heat source for the caldera's hydrothermal system, and serves as access for monitoring changes in water level, temperatures, and fluid chemistry.
Solution of a Multiatom Radiation Model Using the Bargmann Realization of the Radiation Field

A model for interacting single-mode electromagnetic radiation and matter consisting of $N$ two-level particles is solved exactly using a representation in which the creation and destruction operators for the field act by multiplication and differentiation, respectively. The model includes off-resonant interactions. Closed-form expressions can be given for some special cases. The solutions are transformed to the more familiar Fock and Schr\"odinger representations. Numerical results are given to indicate the behavior of the solutions. An equation for a generating function is derived which would give solutions of the (algebraic) matrix equation to which the problem has been reduced.
Planning Your Technology Mix: Decision Factors That Meet User Needs.

As library/information center managers, we face an array of information access choices. With an increased demand for distributed machine‐readable information, we are all examining networking alternatives, using either locally loaded tapes or CD‐ROM databases, in place of or in addition to online timesharing sources. The decision of what information to provide in which machine‐readable format is indeed a complex one for all the players on the information scene — users, librarians/information specialists, systems specialists and commercial information providers. Therefore, we must cooperate and communicate to insure the success of the next generation of information products. Successful managerial decisions will be based on strategic planning and on evaluating a wide range of characteristics beyond the cost and technology factors usually described. This paper examines some of these factors from the perspective of the library manager concerned with serving user needs.
Precession of triaxial cometary nuclei

Abstract Comet nuclei are modeled as rotating, homogeneous, triaxial ellipsoids that precess during perihelion passage due to a subsolar dust and gas jet induced by solar heating. We develop a phase-averaged system of equations in which the torque is averaged over a rotation about the spin axis. The inertial space precession of the rotation axis is computed numerically using the phase-averaged system. The result is checked against independent calculations using the exact Euler-Poisson system of equations.
In Vivo Suppression of HIV by Antigen Specific T Cells Derived from Engineered Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is a critical component in controlling viral replication in vivo, but ultimately fails in its ability to eradicate the virus. Our intent in these studies is to develop ways to enhance and restore the HIV-specific CTL response to allow long-term viral suppression or viral clearance. In our approach, we sought to genetically manipulate human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) such that they differentiate into mature CTL that will kill HIV infected cells. To perform this, we molecularly cloned an HIV-specific T cell receptor (TCR) from CD8+ T cells that specifically targets an epitope of the HIV-1 Gag protein. This TCR was then used to genetically transduce HSCs. These HSCs were then introduced into a humanized mouse containing human fetal liver, fetal thymus, and hematopoietic progenitor cells, and were allowed to differentiate into mature human CD8+ CTL. We found human, HIV-specific CTL in multiple tissues in the mouse. Thus, genetic modification of human HSCs with a cloned TCR allows proper differentiation of the cells to occur in vivo, and these cells migrate to multiple anatomic sites, mimicking what is seen in humans. To determine if the presence of the transgenic, HIV-specific TCR has an effect on suppressing HIV replication, we infected with HIV-1 mice expressing the transgenic HIV-specific TCR and, separately, mice expressing a non-specific control TCR. We observed significant suppression of HIV replication in multiple organs in the mice expressing the HIV-specific TCR as compared to control, indicating that the presence of genetically modified HIV-specific CTL can form a functional antiviral response in vivo. These results strongly suggest that stem cell based gene therapy may be a feasible approach in the treatment of chronic viral infections and provide a foundation towards the development of this type of strategy.
XUV Time-Domain Spectroscopy Using Isolated Attosecond Pulses from Double Optical Gating

Temporally coherent XUV spectrum covering 20 to 600 eV was generated by an attosecond light switch. Transient absorption experiments using the supercontinuum were conducted that revealed correlated electron dynamics in noble gas atoms.
Hard Probes with the STAR Experiment

Recent results on the use of hard probes in heavy ion collisions by the STAR experiment at RHIC are reviewed. The increased statistical reach from RHIC run 4 and utilization of the full capabilities of the STAR experiment have led to a qualitative improvement in these results. Light hadrons have been identified out to transverse momenta ( p T ) of 12 GeV/c, allowing for clear identification of the dominant processes governing particle production in different p T windows. Clean signatures of dijets have been seen even in central Au+Au collisions. Nuclear modification factors for non-photonic electrons, predominantly from the decay of heavy-flavored hadrons, have also been measured out to p T of 8 GeV/c. For p T > ∼ 6 GeV/c , inclusive spectra of all charged hadrons, including heavy-flavored ones, appear to be suppressed equally strongly (by a factor of four to five) in central Au+Au collisions relative to p+p collisions; interestingly enough, the probability of finding a hadron from a dijet partner is suppressed to this same level.
Research Resource: Identification of Novel Growth Hormone-Regulated Phosphorylation Sites by Quantitative Phosphoproteomics

GH and GH receptors are expressed throughout life, and GH elicits a diverse range of responses, including growth and altered metabolism. It is therefore important to understand the full spectrum of GH signaling pathways and cellular responses. We applied mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics combined with stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture to identify proteins rapidly phosphorylated in response to GH in 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. We identified 132 phosphosites in 95 proteins that exhibited rapid (5 or 15 min) GH-dependent statistically significant increases in phosphorylation by more than or equal to 50% and 96 phosphosites in 46 proteins that were down-regulated by GH by more than or equal to 30%. Several of the GH-stimulated phosphorylation sites were known (e.g. regulatory Thr/Tyr in Erks 1 and 2, Tyr in signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) 5a and 5b, Ser939 in tuberous sclerosis protein (TSC) 2 or tuberin). The remaining 126 GH-stimulated sites were not previously associated with GH. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of GH-stimulated sites indicated enrichment in proteins associated with the insulin and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and focal adhesions. Akt/protein kinase A consensus sites (RXRXXS/T) were the most commonly phosphorylated consensus sites. Immunoblotting confirmed GH-stimulated phosphorylation of all seven novel GH-dependent sites tested [regulatory sites in proline-rich Akt substrate, 40 kDA (PRAS40), regulatory associated protein of mTOR, ATP-citrate lyase, Na(+)/H(+) exchanger-1, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1, and Shc]). The immunoblot results suggest that many, if not most, of the GH-stimulated phosphosites identified in this large-scale quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis, including sites in multiple proteins in the Akt/ mTOR complex 1 pathway, are phosphorylated in response to GH. Their identification significantly broadens our thinking of GH-regulated cell functions.
Self-calibration of a class of parallel manipulators

A general numerical method is introduced in this paper for the self-calibration of parallel manipulators. The concept of creating inverse measurement residuals by exploring conflicting information provided with redundant sensing is generalized. A numerical kinematic analysis method is adopted to systematically compute the inverse measurement residuals. By this treatment, the design of a suitable self-calibration system became more systematic, and existing kinematic parameter estimation techniques can be applied for the self-calibration of parallel mechanisms. It is shown that by installing 2 or more redundant sensors on the Stewart platform, the system is able to perform self-calibration. It is possible to calibrate part of the system using a reduced number of redundant sensors; the identification algorithm converges rapidly; its accuracy performance is satisfactory; and the extension of the method to other parallel manipulators is straightforward.
Nuclear Cyclin D1/CDK4 Kinase Regulates CUL4 Expression and Triggers Neoplastic Growth via Activation of the PRMT5 Methyltransferase

Cyclin D1 elicits transcriptional effects through inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein and direct association with transcriptional regulators. The current work reveals a molecular relationship between cyclin D1/CDK4 kinase and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an enzyme associated with histone methylation and transcriptional repression. Primary tumors of a mouse lymphoma model exhibit increased PRMT5 methyltransferase activity and histone arginine methylation. Analyses demonstrate that MEP50, a PRMT5 coregulatory factor, is a CDK4 substrate, and phosphorylation increases PRMT5/MEP50 activity. Increased PRMT5 activity mediates key events associated with cyclin D1-dependent neoplastic growth, including CUL4 repression, CDT1 overexpression, and DNA rereplication. Importantly, human cancers harboring mutations in Fbx4, the cyclin D1 E3 ligase, exhibit nuclear cyclin D1 accumulation and increased PRMT5 activity.
Circuit topology and the evolution of robustness in two-gene circadian oscillators

Many parameters driving the behavior of biochemical circuits vary extensively and are thus not fine-tuned. Therefore, the topology of such circuits (the who-interacts-with-whom) is key to understanding their central properties. I here explore several hundred different topologies of a simple biochemical model of circadian oscillations to ask two questions: Do different circuits differ dramatically in their robustness to parameter change? If so, can a process of gradual molecular evolution find highly robust topologies when starting from less robust topologies? I find that the distribution of robustness among different circuit topologies is highly skewed: Most show low robustness, whereas very few topologies are highly robust. To address the second evolutionary question, I define a topology graph, each of whose nodes corresponds to one circuit topology that shows circadian oscillations. Two nodes in this graph are connected if they differ by only one regulatory interaction within the circuit. For the circadian oscillator I study, most topologies are connected in this graph, making evolutionary transitions from low to high robustness easy. A similar approach has been used to study the evolution of robustness in biological macromolecules, with similar results. This suggests that the same principles govern the evolution of robustness on different levels of biological organization. The regulatory interlocking of several oscillating gene products in biological circadian oscillators may exist because it provides robustness.
Multilayer magnetometers based on high-Tc SQUIDs

Recent progress towards the development of a multilayer technology for the high transition temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 − x (YBCO) is described. Early YBCOSrTiO3YBCO multilayers, fabricated with laser deposition and patterning of each layer, were plagued with excess magnetic flux noise at low frequencies. This noise was generated by the thermally activated hopping of flux vortices between pinning sites in the superconducting films. The progressive reduction in the level of this noise by improving the quality of the films is described. A key issue is the protection of the first YBCO film with a thin SrTiO3 cap before patterning. This process, which currently produces the lowest level of 1f noise, was used to fabricate a number of multilayer structures. A multiturn flux transformer coupled to a single-layer dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) in a flip-chip arrangement achieved a magnetic field noise at 77 K of 8.5 fT Hz−12 at 1 kHz and 27 fT Hz−12 at 1 Hz; the pickup loop was 10 mm across. A monolithic 16-turn multiloop magnetometer with a diameter of 7 mm and operated at 77 K yielded 18 fT Hz−12 at 1 kHz and 37 fT Hz−12 at 1 Hz.
Electroless plating of copper at a low pH level

A new process for electroless copper plating at a pH level of ≤9 is described. The process uses amine borane reducing agents and ligands based on neutral tetradentate nitrogen donors. The use of a variety of buffer systems is demonstrated. Electroless bath performance over a wide range of conditions is presented. The quality of the plated copper is comparable to that obtained by currently used electroless plating processes, and has a resistivity of about 1.8-2 µΩ-cm, depending on bath composition and process parameters. Use of the process is illustrated for forming conductors and filling via holes having submicron minimum dimensions.
Industrial strength parallel computing

Chapter 1 - Parallel Computing Architectures Alice E. Koniges, David C. Eder, Margaret Cahir Chapter 2 - Parallel Application Performance Alice E. Koniges Chapter 3 - Programming Models and Methods Margaret Cahir, Robert Moench, Alice E. Koniges Chapter 4 - Parallel Programming Tools Margaret Cahir, Robert Moench, Alice E. Koniges Chapter 5 - Optimizing for Single-Processor Performance Jeff Brooks, Sara Graffunder, Alice E. Koniges Chapter 6 - Scheduling Issues Morris A. Jette Chapter 7 - Ocean Modeling and Visualization Yi Chao, P. Peggy Li, Ping Wang, Daniel S. Katz, Benny N. Cheng, Scott Whitman Chapter 8 - Impact of Aircraft on Global Atmospheric Chemistry Douglas A. Rotman, John R. Tannahill, Steven L. Baughcum Chapter 9 - Petroleum Reservoir Management Michael DeLong, Allyson Gajraj, Wayne Joubert, Olaf Lubeck, James Sanderson, Robert E. Stephenson, Gautam S. Shiralkar, Bart van Bloemen Waanders Chapter 10 - An Architecture-Independent Navier-Stokes Code Johnson C. T. Wang, Stephen Taylor Chapter 11 - Gaining Insights into the Flow in a Static Mixer Olivier Byrde, Mark L. Sawley Chapter 12 - Modeling Groundwater Flow and Contaminant Transport William J. Bosil, Steven F. Ashby, Chuck Baldwin, Robert D. Falgout, Steven G. Smith, Andrew F. B. Tompson Chapter 13 - Simulation of Plasma Reactors Stephen Taylor, Marc Rieffel, Jerrell Watts, Sadasivan Shankar Chapter 14 - Electron-Molecule Collisions for Plasma Modeling Carl Winstead, Chuo-Han Lee, Vincent McKoy Chapter 15 - Three-Dimensional Plasma Particle-in-Cell Calculations of Ion Thruster Backflow Contamination Robie I. Samanta Roy, Daniel E. Hastings, Stephen Taylor Chapter 16 - Advanced Atomic-Level Materials Design Lin H. Yang Chapter 17 - Solving Symmetric Eigenvalue Problems David C. O'Neal, Raghurama Reddy Chapter 18 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Simulations Alan J. Benesi, Kenneth M. Merz, James J. Vincent, Ravi Subramanya Chapter 19 - Molecular Dynamics Simulations Using Particle-Mesh Ewald Methods Michael F. Crowley, David W. Deerfield II, Tom A. Darden, Thomas E. Cheatham III Chapter 20 - Radar Scattering and Antenna Modeling Tom Cwik, Cinzia Zuffada, Daniel S. Katz, Jay Parker Chapter 21 - Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Dataset Analysis Nigel H. Goddard, Greg Hood, Jonathan D. Cohen, Leigh E. Nystrom, William F. Eddy, Christopher R. Genovese, Douglas C. Noll Chapter 22 - Selective and Sensitive Comparison of Genetic Sequence Data Alexander J. Ropelewski, Hugh B. Nicholas, Jr., David W. Deerfield II Chapter 23 - Interactive Optimization of Video Compression Algorithms Henri Nicolas, Fred Jordan Chapter 24 - Designing Industrial Parallel Applications Alice E. Koniges, David C. Eder, Michael A. Heroux Chapter 25 - The Future of Industrial Parallel Computing Michael A. Heroux, Horst Simon, Alice E. Koniges
Diaphragm dysfunction due to remote poliomyelitis in a patient with unexplained dyspnea.

Late onset of new neuromuscular symptoms occurring many years after the initial illness is the hallmark of postpolio syndrome (PPS) [1]. In PPS, the new onset of motor weakness usually involves muscles that were previously affected; however, new symptoms also may occur in muscles that were clinically asymptomatic. This new weakness is thought to be due in part to overuse and excessive metabolic stress on the remaining motor neurons, eventually leading to their deterioration [1]. Respiratory compromise as a late feature of PPS has been reported and typically is associated with the following risk factors: history of ventilator assistance during the onset of poliomyelitis, central causes of hypoventilation, cranial nerve involvement, and/or musculoskeletal deformities [1-3]. Although respiratory involvement is seen in only a small minority of patients with PPS, it poses a potentially life-threatening complication that presents a challenge to those who manage it. We describe a patient with a history of remote poliomyelitis with no initial respiratory involvement who was evaluated at our clinic; he had a 3-year history of exertional dyspnea and an elevated left hemidiaphragm revealed on a chest radiograph.
Revisit of life-prediction model for solder joints

A finite element analysis is used in conjunction with failure models for fatigue-life prediction of electronic packages. One of the widely accepted models for predicting the fatigue life of a solder joint is based on the volume-weighted average plastic work density. This model, introduced by Darveaux (1997), utilizes experimental measurements at the package level and relies on the specific values of certain parameters. These parameters were determined through curve-fitting against measurements in conjunction with the finite element simulations using an earlier version of the ANSYS finite element program. However, it was discovered by Anderson et al. (1999) that the previous version of ANSYS computed an incorrect plastic work density, whose value is critical in the determination of these parameters. Therefore, these parameters have been recalculated by Darveaux (2000) using the corrected version of ANSYS. This study investigates the effect of the previous and recent values of these parameters on solder-joint life prediction by considering six different package types provided by leading companies in the electronics industry. The dimensions and material properties, as well as the measured life, of each package were obtained directly from industry.
7 Catalytic antibodies

Reaction-based selections and catalysis-based selections have allowed development of catalytic antibodies with high catalytic activities. Fluorogenic substrates for monitoring bond-forming reactions, which are useful for catalysis-based selections of catalytic antibodies, have been developed recently; substrates for monitoring of cleavage reactions have been employed for some time. Together with dissection of antibody-catalyzed reactions and structures of catalytic antibodies, development of strategies for selection of antibody catalysts with higher catalytic activities should provide desired catalytic antibodies with high catalytic activities.
Process scheduling under uncertainty: Review and challenges

Uncertainty is a very important concern in production scheduling since it can cause infeasibilities and production disturbances. Thus scheduling under uncertainty has received a lot of attention in the open literature in recent years from chemical engineering and operations research communities. The purpose of this paper is to review the main methodologies that have been developed to address the problem of uncertainty in production scheduling as well as to identify the main challenges in this area. The uncertainties in process scheduling are first analyzed, and the different mathematical approaches that exist to describe process uncertainties are classified. Based on the different descriptions for the uncertainties, alternative scheduling approaches and relevant optimization models are reviewed and discussed. Further research challenges in the field of process scheduling under uncertainty are identified and some new ideas are discussed.
Conventional and perfusion MR imaging of parafalcine chondrosarcoma

Intracranial chondrosarcomas have a predilection for the skull base, for which CT and MR imaging findings have been described. We present a rare case of primary chondrosarcoma arising from the falx in a young woman with no history of radiation. The CT, conventional MR imaging, perfusion MR imaging, and digital subtraction angiography findings are described.
Point: Intensive Glycemic Control and Mortality in ACCORD—A Chance Finding?

The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study was designed to assess whether intensive glucose management aimed at a normal A1C (<6%) versus standard therapy aimed at an A1C of 7–8% would reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease as reflected by the incidence of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) such as cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke (1). The study enrolled 10,251 patients, and a planned mean follow-up of 5.6 years was expected to provide 89% power to detect a 15% reduction in MACE risk with intensive versus conventional therapy. Patients received any one of six anti-hyperglycemic agents or a variety of insulins alone or in combination. Eligible subjects were also randomized to intensive versus conventional lipid and/or blood pressure control. However, after a mean of 3.6 years of follow-up, when 62.5% of the planned information had been accrued, the study was terminated by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) in the presence of an increased incidence of mortality with intensive therapy: 257 versus 203 deaths with standard therapy, corresponding to an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.22 (95% CI [1.01–1.46], P = 0.04). The database used to generate the final report to the DSMB was frozen and then used as the basis for analyses that were subsequently published (2). The initial report (2) stated that “differences in the use of drugs (including rosiglitazone), weight change, and other factors did not identify an explanation for the mortality finding.” Since then the authors have searched in earnest for a biological mechanism that would account for this increase in mortality. None has been found. Herein I present a synopsis of these findings and then suggest another possible mechanism—that the observed excess mortality could have been a chance finding. ### Baseline factors Subgroup analyses within strata defined by baseline …
Postoperative arterial blood gases in spay/castration dogs: a comparison of butorphanol versus hydromorphone.

This study compared the frequency and severity of postoperative (postop) hypoxemia and hypercarbia in healthy dogs receiving butorphanol (BU) versus hydromorphone (HY). All dogs were admitted for neutering and proved normal on physical examination, CBC, creatinine, and preoperative (preop) arterial blood gas (ABG). Dogs received 0.02 mg kg−1 acepromazine and 0.01 mg kg−1 glycopyrrolate, with 0.4 mg kg−1 BU (BU dogs, n= 10) or 0.2 mg kg−1 HY (HY dogs, n = 10) IM preop. Despite BU and HY being equipotent on a per weight basis, they are not necessarily equianalgesic. Therefore, clinically accepted dosages of BU and HY were used. Anesthesia was induced with 2–4 mg kg−1 thiopental boluses IV to effect, and maintained with isoflurane (ISO) and O2. A catheter was placed in the dorsal metatarsal artery. The POET agent monitor with proximal endotracheal side-stream sampling measured end-tidal Fe′ISO and CO2. The Fe′ISO was targeted between 0.9 and 1.5% and the ETCO2 between 30 and 45 mm Hg using PPV or IPPV. An intraoperative (intraop) ABG was obtained during stage III anesthesia 10–30 minutes prior to extubation. The BU dogs received 0.4 mg kg−1 BU and HY dogs 0.1 mg kg−1 HY IM prior to extubation. Post-extubation, an ABG, HR, RR, temperature, pulse quality, MM color, CRT, and nonblinded pain/sedation scores were obtained by the primary investigator at 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. Anesthesia time, age, and weight for BU dogs were 119 ± 36.3 minutes, 1.9 ± 2.7 years, and 24.1 ± 8.4 kg and for HY dogs 170 ± 64.7 minutes, 0.93 ± 0.77 years, and 21.5 ± 10.3 kg, respectively. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis on normally distributed data and the sign rank test on the A-a gradient data. Statistical significance was assigned for values of p < 0.05. Data are reported as mean ± SEM. In the HY dogs, PaCO2 was significantly higher compared to preop (preop PaCO2 = 36.9 ± 2.6 mm Hg) at 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 2, and 3 hours (mean PaCO2 range = 41.0–44.3 mm Hg). No differences were found in PaCO2 of the BU dogs compared to preop. PaCO2 was significantly higher at 1 and 2 hours in the HY dogs (44.6 ± 3.1 and 42.8 ± 3.1 mm Hg, respectively) compared to the BU dogs (39.8 ± 4.2 and 39.4 ± 2.0 mm Hg, respectively). The PaO2 was significantly lower at 30 minutes compared to preop for the BU dogs (96.7 ± 7.6 mm Hg versus 100.2 ± 8.1 mm Hg) and at 1 hour compared to preop in the HY dogs (90.9 ± 10.4 mm Hg versus 101.4 ± 4.0 mm Hg). The A-a gradient was significantly higher at 30 minutes compared to preop for the BU dogs (9.5 ± 7.4 versus 5.5 ± 6.2). No differences in all other measured parameters were seen. Although HY caused more hypoventilation postop than BU and transient decreases in PaO2 occurred in both groups, mean PaCO2, PaO2, and A-a gradients remained clinically acceptable. The changes are statistically, but not clinically, significant. Future studies in compromised dogs should be performed.
One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: On Lars Lih's Lenin

Lars Lih’s Lenin Rediscovered seeks to replace the textbook-myth of Leninism with a painstaking reconstruction of ‘Lenin’s Erfurtian drama’. That reconstruction is more accurate than the Lenin-myth, but Lih’s step forward is marred by two steps back. One is his account of Lenin’s ‘worry about workers’. The other is Lih’s new translation of What Is to Be Done?.
Maternofetal Transmission of AIDS: Frequency of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nucleic Acid Sequences in Human Fetal DNA

Pediatric AIDS is increasing in frequency due to a rise in the number of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women of childbearing age. Because outcome studies reveal that most children infected peripartum manifest HIV-1-related disease in the first year of life, intrauterine infection has been suspected. Fetal tissues from 23 second-trimester abortuses were examined. The presence of HIV-1 nucleic acid sequences was determined by the polymerase chain reaction and used to define infection of the fetus. By analysis of available tissues, 7 of 23 fetuses were infected, while control fetal tissue was negative. In situ hybridization for HIV-1 DNA showed that only 1 of 8 infected abortuses was positive, while all samples of noninfected tissues revealed no HIV-1 DNA. These studies indicate that maternofetal transmission of HIV-1 may occur in 30% of pregnancies (7/23) by the end of the second trimester.
A unscented particle filtering approach to estimating competing stations in IEEE 802.11 WLANs

The number of competing stations has great impact on the network performance of wireless LANs. It is therefore of great interest to obtain accurate estimation of the number of competing stations so that adaptive control mechanisms can be carried out accordingly. Based on the observation that this estimation problem is nonlinear/non-Gaussian in nature, we propose to use a sequential Monte Carlo technique, namely, the particle filtering to improve the estimation accuracy. One key step in the proposed scheme is to exploit the unscented particle filter, which combines the merits of unscented transformation and particle filtering. Our simulation results indicate that the unscented particle filter can increase the accuracy of the estimation upto 33% in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE), compared with the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and the SIR-particle filter
Wireless load sharing with heterogeneous services and adaptive placement

Load sharing between wireless networks can lead to increased performance and flexibility in network engineering. This simulation study demonstrates the performance of load sharing diverse services (circuit- and packet-oriented services) across heterogeneous wireless networks, when the flexibility rate, network size, and queue size for packet services varies. The simulation is verified using a Gauss Seidel Markov chain model.
Interventional Radiology in the Chest

Interventional radiologic techniques offer many options and benefits in the care of patients with thoracic disorders. Imaging-guided catheter techniques provide heretofore unsurpassed precision and accuracy in performance of these procedures. Improved efficacy, with reduced morbidity is the goal and usually the result for the patient.
Revision of the Endemic Malagasy Cavefish Genus Typhleotris (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Milyeringidae), with Discussion of its Phylogenetic Placement and Description of a New Species

ABSTRACT Troglobitic cavefishes of the genus Typhleotris, endemic to coastal southwestern Madagascar, are taxonomically reviewed and a new darkly pigmented species, Typhleotris mararybe, is described from an isolated karst sinkhole on the coastal plain below the Mahafaly Plateau. The new species, known only from Grotte de Vitane (Vitany) near the town of Itampolo, is unique among blind cavefishes in being uniformly darkly pigmented, rather than fully depigmented or exceptionally light in coloration. In addition to its dark coloration (vs. depigmented, translucent white body in congeners), the new species can be distinguished from its two congeners, Typhleotris madagascariensis and T. pauliani, by the sculpted, bony (vs. fleshy) appearance of its head with strongly protruding lateral ethmoid, sphenotic, and pterotic bones, and an elevated vertebral count.
A behavioral analysis of habituation and sensitization of shortening in the semi-intact leech

We have previously demonstrated that the shortening reflex of the leech Hirudo medicinalis displays habituation, dishabituation, and sensitization. In this paper we demonstrate that the shortening reflex of the semi-intact animal also displays these phenomena. In the first experiment we found that the magnitude of the touch-elicited shortening reflex decreased as a result of repeated stimulations of the skin every 2 min. The second experiment examined the change in this reflex as a function of the interstimulus interval (ISI). The reflex failed to decrease when the ISI was 10 sec, but decreased significantly when the ISI was either 45 or 360 sec. Finally, in a third experiment we found that the presentation of noxious stimuli prior to habituation training prevented habituation. Thus, as we have observed previously in the intact animal, the semi-intact animal displays habituation, dishabituation, and sensitization.
Dura Mater Involvement in Ochronosis (Alkaptonuria)

Abstract Clinical manifestations of alkaptonuria have been well described and are most commonly characterized by ochronosis or pigmentation of connective tissue. Sites most commonly involved in ochronosis include joints, heart, skin, and kidney. We describe a 66-year-old woman with a history of alkaptonuria who had widespread ochronosis. The dura mater showed extensive pigment deposition, which was evident both grossly and microscopically at autopsy. To our knowledge, description of dura mater involvement by ochronosis has not been previously reported in the literature.
High-density interspecific genetic linkage mapping provides insights into genomic incompatibility between channel catfish and blue catfish

Catfish is the leading aquaculture species in the United States. The interspecific hybrid catfish produced by mating female channel catfish with male blue catfish outperform both of their parent species in a number of traits. However, mass production of the hybrids has been difficult because of reproductive isolation. Investigations of genome structure and organization of the hybrids provide insights into the genetic basis for maintenance of species divergence in the face of gene flow, thereby helping develop strategies for introgression and efficient production of the hybrids for aquaculture. In this study, we constructed a high-density genetic linkage map using the hybrid catfish system with the catfish 250K SNP array. A total of 26,238 SNPs were mapped to 29 linkage groups, with 12,776 unique marker positions. The linkage map spans approximately 3240 cM with an average intermarker distance of 0.25 cM. A fraction of markers (986 of 12,776) exhibited significant deviation from the expected Mendelian ratio of segregation, and they were clustered in major genomic blocks across 15 LGs, most notably LG9 and LG15. The distorted markers exhibited significant bias for maternal alleles among the backcross progenies, suggesting strong selection against the blue catfish alleles. The clustering of distorted markers within genomic blocks should lend insights into speciation as marked by incompatibilities between the two species. Such findings should also have profound implications for understanding the genomic evolution of closely related species as well as the introgression of hybrid production programs in aquaculture.
Abstract 417: Endosome-Based Activation of Non-Canonical NF-kB Signaling by Complement Membrane Attack Complexes

Using sera from transplant patients with high-titer panel reactive antibody (PRA), we previously described a model for studying the effects of alloantibody binding and complement activation on human endothelial cells (EC). With this model we found that complement membrane attack complexes (MAC) induced rapid post-translational stabilization of NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK), the activator of non-canonical NF-kB signaling, which was required for inflammatory changes in cultured human EC and for vasculopathic changes in human coronary artery segments implanted into immunodeficient mouse hosts. To elucidate the mechanism of NIK stabilization, we performed a genome-wide siRNA screen and discovered a novel, TRAF3-independent signaling mechanism in which MAC induces NIK stabilization on endosomes. MAC is internalized by EC in a clathrin-, AP2-, and dynamin-dependent mechanism into Rab5+ endosomes. Activated Akt is recruited in a Rab5-dependent manner to the same endosomes which then bind and stabilize NIK and subsequently recruit and activate IKK-alpha, the catalytic activator of p52/RelB complexes, the non-canonical form of NF-kB. Pharmacological inhibition of MAC endocytosis blocked this pathway both in cultured EC and in human coronary artery xenografts. These data reveal a novel endosome-based signaling cascade for activating non-canonical NF-kB and identify new targets for inhibiting complement-mediated tissue injury such as chronic antibody-mediated rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy.
Characterization of Patterened Galvanic Porous Silicon for On-Chip Combustion

We investigate the nuances of galvanically etched porous silicon that affect combustion. Several porous silicon samples are investigated with high speed imaging, SEM, and gas adsorption porosimetry. Porous silicon characteristics were primarily varied by altering the concentration of hydrofluoric acid in the etch solution. This provided combustion propagation rates through the different porous silicon films that varied across an order of magnitude from 160 1840 m/s. We show with SEM that for samples with a high concentration of hydrofluoric acid, an electropolishing effect occurred that restricts the amount of oxidizer that entered the pores, resulting in diminished reactivity. A different effect was observed if the hydrofluoric acid concentration is low, where the porous silicon film cracks and peels away from the substrate, again showing poor reactivity. We also show that similar effects on that material properties as were observed through variations in solution concentration were also observed with a single etch solution by varying the surface area ratio of backside platinum to frontside silicon. A change in this ratio was made by creating patterns of porous silicon with different surface area ratios on one chip. We show that a larger surface area ratio increased the etch rate, and resulted in a significantly different porous silicon structure. This feature is of concern for applications where porous silicon is patterned on-chip, and must be considered at multiple points of the fabrication process.
A Case Report of Tuberculous Arthritis of the Ankle

A 64-year-old man complained of pain in his left ankle. For five months, he was treated for it as gout in another hospital. His left ankle was swollen, and roentgenogram revealed erosion on the articular surface of the fibula, narrow joint space, and slight osteoporosis. Tuberculous arhtritis was suspected from the present illness and the roentgenogram. Synovectomy of the left ankle and extirpation of the cyst were performed. From the operative findings, we concluded that it was tuberculosis, which was proven histologically later, and the chemotherapy was started on the fifth postoperative day. Despite the chemotherapy, a sinus tract on the wound did not close, so curettage and arthrodesis of the ankle were performed four months after the first operation. The postoperative course had been satisfactory for five months.Recently, tuberculosis has decreased in number, which often results in delay in time of diagnosis. Chemotherapy has improved treatment of tuberculosis and surgery has become elective in most cases. So, even performing biopsy positively, a correct diagnosis should be made early enough to avoid unnecessary joint destruction.
"PEST control": regulation of molecular barcodes by tyrosine phosphatases.

The emerging concept of “molecular barcodes” refers to the dynamic combination of post-translational modifications, often of different nature (e.g., phosphorylation and ubiquitination) that gives rise to multiple forms of a protein which can relay distinct signals throughout a cell. In a recent Cell Research paper by Wang et al., the authors report that a PEST domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase, PTPN18, is able to regulate both phosphorylation and ubiquitination of the HER2 oncogene, barcoding HER2 for increased proteasomal degradation rather than for intracellular trafficking.
FACTORIAL VALIDITY OF THE TEST OF PROBLEM SOLVING

The underlying structure of the Test of Problem Solving was examined using factor analysis. At all six age levels (N = 842 from 6 to 11 years) a one-factor solution emerged, suggesting the five sub...
Studies on Cystoderma: a new species and a new combination

Cystoderma chocoanum, a new species from the tropical lowlands in the Department of Choco, Colombia, and its cultural characters are described. Based on scanning electron microscopy examination of basidiospore ornamentation, pileipellis structure, and the attachment of lamellae to the stipe, a new combination Ripartitella ponderosa is proposed.
Noni (Morinda citrifolia).

Noni is an evergreen plant prevalent in Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Polynesian islands. It is used in traditional medicine for wound healing, infections, skin conditions, diarrhea, and as a tonic. Noni products have gained worldwide popularity over the past 2 decades and are aggressively marketed for immunostimulation and for treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome and cancer. Preliminary data from in vitro and animal studies suggest immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. However, hepatotoxicity and hyperkalemia have also been reported with noni use.
Designing Guidelines for Mobile Health Technology: Managing Notification Interruptions in the ICU

Previous research on reducing unwanted interruptions in hospital intensive care units (ICU) have focused on providing context-aware solutions that consider factors such as location and activity of the person receiving the interruption. We seek to broaden an understanding of how to manage interruptions by using the Locales Framework to analyze data collected from a field study on mobile notification interruptions in the ICU. Based on our data along with previous literature on cognitive theories, mental models, strategies for managing interruptions, and principles of human factors, we propose five guidelines to aid in designing mobile technology interventions for the ICU.
Response to Saba Mahmood's Religious Difference in a Secular Age

Saba Mahmood has once again written a work that provides deep insight into the most basic structures that define our political lives. Religious Difference in a Secular Age focuses on the status of ...
Thermodynamics of isolated miscibility gaps

Un modele thermodynamique de solution a un parametre supposant des interactions ternaires fortes est presente. Ce modele predit des diagrammes de phase contenant des lacunes de miscibilite multiphases isolees. Un exemple numerique de systeme ternaire montre que des lacunes de miscibilite de trois phases se forment et se combinent quand la temperature diminue. Les lignes critiques associees aux lacunes de miscibilite comportent trois maxima, trois minima et trois points tricritiques.
Primary Cosmic-Ray Alpha Particles and Protons at λ = 55 ° N

The intensities of the primary cosmic-ray alpha particles and protons at geomagnetic latitude 55\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}N are determined from measurements of the ionization and range of the charged cosmic-ray particles observed at atmospheric depths of 8 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and deeper. The measurements were made with a balloon-borne Geigerproportional counter telescope which contained absorbers of mercury or lead. Showers of particles in the telescope were detected by out of line counters and eliminated. The particles having residual ranges between 1.5 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and 43 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ are shown to be secondary electrons and secondary protons. The penetrating particles having range greater than 43 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ divide into singly and doubly charged particles. Extension of the penetrating particle intensity curves to zero depth yields values for the primary intensities of 0.19 ${({\mathrm{cm}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{c}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for protons and 0.032 ${({\mathrm{cm}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{c}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for alpha particles. The alpha particles are absorbed exponentially in the atmosphere and the slope of the absorption curve yields the value 35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ for their mean free path in air. Data obtained by removing the absorbers in flight indicate that the net results are free of shower effects. Other systematic uncertainties in the values of the primary intensities are estimated to be \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10%, which is larger than the statistical uncertainties.
Evaluation and Active Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Pediatric Acute Care: Time to Standardize

Abstract The acute care setting plays an important role in the proper diagnosis and management of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in children and adolescents. Increasingly, urgent care centers have become the frontline location for most routine injuries in the evolving medical neighborhood. Urgent care centers have progressively become the sites for initial evaluation of mTBI with a need for consistent tools for diagnosis or management. This article describes a pathway for pediatric providers in urgent or emergency care centers using a standardized Screen-Inform-Prevent process. Standardizing the process of screening, evaluation, discharge guidance, and referral/communication using the clinical pathway and tools will better serve the needs of children and adolescents presenting to the acute care setting with mTBI.
Compassion momentum model in supervisory relationships

Abstract Although compassion is an important social resource exchanged in supervisory relationships, I highlight the negative influence of power difference on supervisors noticing their subordinates' hardships. I posit that the negative effect of power on supervisors' compassion can be mitigated through two feedback loops: the emotional feedback loop and the social exchange feedback loop. I conclude with the discussion of how compassion is a social resource and momentum can build that resource in supervisory relationships.
Clinical Trials in Pancreatic Cancer: A Long Slog

Many investigators have turned their efforts toward improving the gemcitabine/nab‐paclitaxel combination by the addition of a third agent. This commentary highlights efforts to date, including the Clinical Trial Results by Ko et al.: A Randomized Double‐Blinded Phase II Trial of Gemcitabine and Nab‐Paclitaxel Plus Apatorsen or Placebo in Patients with Metastati Pancreatic Cancer: The RAINIER Trial.
Draft Genome Sequence of Brevibacillus laterosporus OSY-I1, a Strain That Produces Brevibacillin, Which Combats Drug-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria.

ABSTRACT Brevibacillus laterosporus OSY-I1 is a Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium isolated from soil. The bacterium produces brevibacillin, an antimicrobial lipopeptide effective against several drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the strain OSY-I1 and the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of brevibacillin.