cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IBM in the 21st Century: The Coming of the Globally Integrated Enterprise (TN)

In April 2008, members of IBM's fifth Integration and Values Team (IVT5), were close to finishing their deliberations. This high-powered group of high-level executives included country general managers from India and Brazil as well as vice presidents from businesses and functions, chosen from a group of about 300 leaders convened Chairman and CEO Sam Palmisano to view IBM holistically. Senior VP of Corporate Communications and Marketing, Jon Iwata, and the new head of Research, John E. Kelly III, were the executive sponsors, IVT5's focus was on "the global IBMer" defining and developing leaders for the global economy; making the "globally-integrated enterprise" relevant to all employees through global citizenship and the IBM values and culture; and ensuring market access in the form of a level playing field for IBM to compete globally. The scope was all 170 countries in which IBM operated. As leaders who had risen to their positions because they were globally-oriented systems thinkers who reflected IBM's emphasis on innovation, they knew that it was necessary to stand back to look at the big picture - to see how IBM worked now, to view IBM at its best, but also to understand the gaps, dilemmas and opportunities.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for a couple with recurrent pregnancy loss and triploidy.

BACKGROUND: Triploidy may arise from fertilization of a mature haploid egg by two haploid sperm or by failure of meiotic divisions yielding a diploid gamete. We encountered a couple with habitual abortion, in which the last two fetuses were documented as viable triploid. METHODS: To avoid dispermic penetration and development of abnormal preembryos, insemination was done by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of biopsied blastomeres. RESULTS: Tests of the husband's spermatozoa by FISH, revealed that only 2-3% of the sperm were disomic for chromosomes 16, 13, 21, X, and Y. No triple disomy was detected among chromosomes 16, 13 and 21, which makes it very unlikely that triploidy resulted from diploid spermatozoa. Following a controlled ovulation induction protocol, low quality oocytes with immature cumuli were revealed. After ICSI, five eggs became two pronuclei (2PN) zygotes and none of the other eggs developed a 3PN zygote. FISH was performed on chromosomes 16 and 21 in four preembryos developed to a 6-8 cell stage. Aneuploidy or mosaicism for each of these chromosomes was detected in one preembryo and later in two disaggregated blastocysts. FISH failed in one preembryo that became atretic after biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Although this case was unsuccessful in achieving embryo transfer and normal pregnancy, we detected many abnormal morphological features in the oocytes and chromosomal abnormalities in the cleaving preembryos. This protocol can be proposed to patients with recurrent pregnancy loss associated with chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus.
Mechanical Model of Globular Transition in Polymers

In complex, multicomponent systems, polymers often undergo phase transitions between distinct conformations. This paper reports a millimeter-scale granular model of coil-to-globule transitions: one “polymer” chain—a cylinders-on-a-string “pearl necklace”—and many spheres, all shaken on a horizontal surface. It is possible to describe the behavior of this granular system by using formalisms generally used in statistical physics of polymers. Two sets of experiments allowed the observation of first- and second-order coil-to-globule transitions. The model shows that the competition between long- and short-range interactions leads to a first-order transition. Well-designed granular system represents another kind of approach to the study of polymer phase transitions and might inspire future designs of polymer-like mesoscale systems.
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, REWARD AND RESPECT FOR PREFERENCES: REPLY TO ROEMER

This rejoinder to Roemer (this issue) examines Roemer's amendment to his EOp criterion, explains the similarities and differences between Roemer's approach to equality of opportunity and the economic literature inspired by the fair allocation theory, and proposes some clarifications on the compensation principle and the role of the reward principle in the definition of a responsibility-sensitive social criterion. It highlights the power of the ideal of respect for individual preferences with respect to the reward issue and the concern for potential harshness of the social criterion toward the individuals who fail to make good use of their opportunities. It discusses Roemer's objection against holding individuals responsible for their preferences.
Weather Adaptive Renewable Energy Based Self Correctional Dynamic Power System for 2020 and Beyond

This paper presents a modified model of a power grid which consists of renewable power systems and other types of traditional power systems. The rising demand of the electricity makes the ordinary fossil sources may not be adequate to accommodate this growth and the expansion of the power grid. On the other hand, these types of sources may not be interested due to their environmental impacts and economical issues. Instead, renewable sources are dramatically gained more focus due to their characteristics for providing clean and economic power. Regardless to these characteristics, since the renewable power systems depend on the weather, they suffer from irregular, intermittence, and unpredictable power that they produce. However, with adapting accurate weather forecast data to the control system, the performance, efficiency and reliability of the renewable power system are potentially improved. The implementation of the advanced forecast technology in the power systems makes the ability to predict the amount of the available power on the grid both instantaneously and for the future real. This reality can be taken as a basis for designing and developing a comprehensive future power smart grid.
The pineal gland and the mode of onset of schizophrenia.

Recent studies suggest that abnormal melatonin functions may be implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Since there is evidence that the presence of pineal calcification (PC) may relate, among other factors, to disturbances in melatonin secretion, I investigated in 23 chronic institutionalized schizophrenic patients the relationship of PC size on CT scan to the mode of onset of schizophrenia which carries both developmental and prognostic significance. Patients with gradual onset schizophrenia had PC size that was significantly larger than those with sudden onset (8.94 +/- 3.96 mm vs. 4.80 +/- 1.75 mm p < .025). These findings suggest that the nature of onset of schizophrenia may be influenced by the activity of the pineal gland, which may exert a role in the development and prognosis of the illness.
De novo assembly and characterization of a maternal and developmental transcriptome for the emerging model crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis

Arthropods are the most diverse animal phylum, but their genomic resources are relatively few. While the genome of the branchiopod Daphnia pulex is now available, no other large-scale crustacean genomic resources are available for comparison. In particular, genomic resources are lacking for the most tractable laboratory model of crustacean development, the amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis. Insight into shared and divergent characters of crustacean genomes will facilitate interpretation of future developmental, biomedical, and ecological research using crustacean models. To generate a transcriptome enriched for maternally provided and zygotically transcribed developmental genes, we created cDNA from ovaries and embryos of P. hawaiensis. Using 454 pyrosequencing, we sequenced over 1.1 billion bases of this cDNA, and assembled them de novo to create, to our knowledge, the second largest crustacean genomic resource to date. We found an unusually high proportion of C2H2 zinc finger-containing transcripts, as has also been reported for the genome of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Consistent with previous reports, we detected trans-spliced transcripts, but found that they did not noticeably impact transcriptome assembly. Our assembly products yielded 19,067 unique BLAST hits against nr (E-value cutoff e-10). These included over 400 predicted transcripts with significant similarity to D. pulex sequences but not to sequences of any other animal. Annotation of several hundred genes revealed P. hawaiensis homologues of genes involved in development, gametogenesis, and a majority of the members of six major conserved metazoan signaling pathways. The amphipod P. hawaiensis has higher transcript complexity than known insect transcriptomes, and trans-splicing does not appear to be a major contributor to this complexity. We discuss the importance of a reliable comparative genomic framework within which to consider findings from new crustacean models such as D. pulex and P. hawaiensis, as well as the need for development of further substantial crustacean genomic resources.
Mapping hippocampal degeneration in 400 subjects with a novel automated segmentation approach

We automatically segmented the hippocampus in 400 brain MRI scans from the Alzheimer's disease (AD) Neuroimaging Initiative, combining AdaBoost with a novel model, the auto context model (ACM). Trained on 21 hand-labeled segmentations, ACM created binary hippocampus maps in 100 controls, 200 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 100 AD subjects, (age: 75.8+/-6.6SD). A radial atrophy mapping technique computed average parametric surface models and local statistics of atrophy. We visualized correlations between regional atrophy and diagnosis (MCI v. controls: p = 0.008; MCI v. AD: p = 0.001), mini-mental state exam scores, and clinical dementia rating scores (CDR; all p < 0.0001, corrected). Based on false discovery rate curves in gradually reduced samples, 40 subjects were sufficient to correlate atrophy and CDR scores; MCI and AD were distinguishable with N = 304.
Building infrastructure to document the U.S. food stream.

Asobesityhasgrowninbothprevalenceandseverity in the U.S., there have been increasing calls for both regulatory and voluntary approaches to alter he nation’s food supply so it becomes easier for both chilren and adults to “make the healthy choice.” As pointed ut in the article by Slining et al. in this issue of theAmerian Journal of PreventiveMedicine, the 16 companiesparticpating in the Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation HWCF) have pledged to remove 1.5 trillion calories from he marketplace by 2015. The authors of that paper, who ere funded to conduct an independent evaluation of the WCF pledge by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, hould be commended for their meticulous efforts at meauring an exceedingly complex system with limited publially available data. This was no small task, with more than alf a million foods and beverages in the marketplace. The hallenges involved apply to many aspects of research. For xample, a recent study drew on four different sources to btainnutrition informationonproducts advertised to chilren. In addition,much of the needed data are proprietary, nd researchers need to raise funds just to examine data. Through their detailed measurement work, Slining nd colleagues devised crucial crosswalks between releant data sources in an attempt to answer key questions emanded of their evaluation, specifically the extent of alorie reduction and the impact of the changes. Ultiately, as they note in their findings, they may not have ufficient statistical power to detect the impact of the WC on changes in caloric intake. The authors find that
Period analysis of the electroencephalogram

Abstract A program is described which utilizes the Digital Equipment Corporation LINC-8 computer with 4 K of memory to process the electrical activity of the brain into a set of meaningful statistics. The program provides an efficient method of obtaining spectoral information concerning the EEG without the associated cost or complexity of conventional power spectrum techniques. The combination of utilization of a small laboratory computer with an easily programmable method provides an approach for automated EEG analysis which is within the financial and technical scope of most small hospital EEG laboratories.
Activation parameters for tert-butyl rotation in tert-butyldimethylamine

Abstract Unequivocal evidence for tert-butyl rotation in tert-butyldimethylamine (I) has been obtained using dynamic NMR spectroscopy. A total NMR line shape analysis which accounts for a significant variation in T 2 with temperature for the tert-butyl resonance gives E a = 6·4 ± 0·3 kcal/mole. Δ H ‡ = 6·2 ± 0·3 kcal/mole. Δ G ‡ = 6·0 ± 0·1 kcal/mole at − 153°, and Δ S ‡ = 1·3 ± 2·0 eu for tert-butyl rotation.
Central nervous system infections in individuals with HIV-1 infection

Opportunistic infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are common complications of advanced immunodeficiency in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Neurological disease is the first manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 10% to 20% of symptomatic HIV-1 infection. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of such disorders is critical. Also, in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), these disease states have changed in presentation and epidemiology. Therefore, we review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of five common central nervous system disorders in individuals with HIV-1 infection: toxoplasma encephalitis, primary central nervous system lymphoma, cryptococcal meningitis, cytomegalovirus encephalitis, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
Comparison of charge sharing reduction techniques in deep sub-micron CMOS processes

In this paper, we investigate and compare the effectiveness of different charge sharing techniques for reduction of charge sharing and collection among adjacent nodes in 65-nm technology NFET transistors. We use Synopsys 2-D TCAD mixed-mode simulations to measure collected charge at a node adjacent to a device struck by a heavy-ion particle for cases of using Shallow Trench Isolation (STI), Deep Trench Isolation (DTI), guard-ring and guard-diode; different nodal separations; and with particles of differing linear energy transfer (LET) strengths. The results show the most reduction in collected charge (more than 98%) at the adjacent node for DTI. Also, there is almost zero increase in area while using DTI; however, some pulse broadening at the struck node is observed.
Acoustic characterization of Mysis relicta

It is possible to increase the sampling resolution and the available information on zooplankton populations by applying acoustic sampling techniques. Knowledge of an organism’s acoustic target strength (TS) is critical for translating acoustic data into meaningful biological information, such as numerical abundance. We have taken several approaches to evaluate the acoustic TS of Mysis relicta, a key benthic-pelagic invertebrate in the Laurentian Great Lakes. This included in situ TS measurements with a dual-beam 420-kHz system and comparison among netbased, optical plankton counter (OPC)-based, and acoustic-based estimates of numerical abundance of mysids. In addition, based on the in situ TS data, we modified a model previously applied primarily to marine zooplankton taxa. The resulting predicted TS was compared to other TS estimates. The estimated mean TSs from the in situ TS measurements and the OPC-acoustic comparison were within a narrow range (276 to 274.8 dB). Analysis of the net-acoustic data comparison resulted in an estimated average TS of 273.1 dB. We suggest that the net-acoustic discrepancy relative to other methods is due to net avoidance and low filtering efficiency. The model predicted similar mean TSs for the size distribution present when R (reflectivity coefficient) was changed to 0.0675. We hypothesized that the modification of the model parameter values was necessary because of the differences in the medium surrounding marine vs. freshwater zooplankton. The opossum shrimp, M. relicta, is a freshwater species in the mainly marine group of crustaceans belonging to the family Mysidaceae (Mauchline 1980). It is a benthic-pelagic invertebrate that inhabits offshore, hypolimnetic waters. Mysids avoid light, remaining in deep water during the day and moving up to the epilimnion at night (Beeton and Bowers 1982). The extent of vertical migration is primarily limAcknowledgments We thank Ali Mohammadian for assistance in the field and sample analyses, Ora Johannsson for help in various stages of this project, Bruce Monger for comments on an early draft of the manuscript, and Tim Stanton for advice in tackling some of the modeling aspects of this study. We also thank Gary Sprules for use of the OPC data, the captains and crews of the RV Seth Green and RV Limnos, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and the Canadian Centre of Inland Waters for ship time and support. Finally, we thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments, which greatly improved previous versions of this manuscript.
Identified primary motoneurons in embryonic zebrafish select appropriate pathways in the absence of other primary motoneurons

Accurate pathfinding is a crucial step in formation of a functional nervous system. Individually identified zebrafish primary motoneurons undergo a stereotyped temporal sequence of axonal outgrowth and pathway selection during which their growth cones follow a common pathway to a “choice point” and then select divergent cell-specific pathways that lead to separate muscle territories. The characteristic sequence of cell-specific pathway selection raises the possibility that the sequence of growth cone arrival at the choice point might determine pathway selection. To test this idea, we ablated identified primary motoneurons by laser irradiation, labeled the remaining primary motoneuron in the same hemisegment with a fluorescent dye, and followed its development through the end of embryogenesis. We found that the growth cone of each primary motoneuron has an independent ability to pioneer the common pathway and select its appropriate cell-specific pathway, even in the absence of all other primary motoneurons in the same hemisegment.
Psychopathic personality development from ages 9 to 18: Genes and environment

The genetic and environmental etiology of individual differences was examined in initial level and change in psychopathic personality from ages 9 to 18 years. A piecewise growth curve model, in which the first change score (G1) influenced all ages (9-10, 11-13, 14-15, and 16-18 years) and the second change score (G2) only influenced ages 14-15 and 16-18 years, fit the data better did than the standard single slope model, suggesting a turning point from childhood to adolescence. The results indicated that variations in levels and both change scores were mainly due to genetic (A) and nonshared environmental (E) influences (i.e., AE structure for G0, G1, and G2). No sex differences were found except on the mean values of level and change scores. Based on caregiver ratings, about 81% of variance in G0, 89% of variance in G1, and 94% of variance in G2 were explained by genetic factors, whereas for youth self-reports, these three proportions were 94%, 71%, and 66%, respectively. The larger contribution of genetic variance and covariance in caregiver ratings than in youth self-reports may suggest that caregivers considered the changes in their children to be more similar as compared to how the children viewed themselves.
Oligomeric β-Structure of the Membrane-Bound HIV-1 Fusion Peptide Formed from Soluble Monomers

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) fusion peptide serves as a useful model system for understanding viral/target cell fusion, at least to the lipid mixing stage. Previous solid-state NMR studies have shown that the peptide adopts an oligomeric b-strand structure when associated with a lipid and cholesterol mixture close to that of membranes of host cells of the virus. In this study, this structure was further investigated using four different peptide constructs. In aqueous buffer solution, two of the constructs were primarily monomeric whereas the other two constructs had significant populations of oligomers/aggregates. NMR measurements for all membrane-associated peptide constructs were consistent with oligomeric b-strand structure. Thus, constructs that are monomeric in solution can be converted to oligomers as a result of membrane association. In addition, samples prepared by very different methods had very similar NMR spectra, which indicates that the b-strand structure is an equilibrium rather than a kinetically trapped structure. Lipid mixing assays were performed to assess the fusogenicities of the different constructs, and there was not a linear correlation between the solution oligomeric state and fusogenicity. However, the functional assays do suggest that small oligomers may be more fusogenic than either monomers or large aggregates.
RNA Localization Meets Wingless Signaling

In many tissues in many organisms, messenger RNA (mRNA) is not randomly distributed throughout a cell, but is targeted and accumulated in specific subcellular locations. Signal transduction pathways can be extremely sensitive to gradients of signaling proteins and represent a cellular phenomenon where RNA localization may be important. Manseau discusses how targeting of the RNA for a secreted ligand, Wingless (Wg), is important in promoting proper Wg signaling in early Drosophila embryos and the mechanism for achieving this subcellular targeting. The possible mechanistic models for how restricted wg mRNA distribution influences Wg signaling are also detailed.
Phosphorylation-induced signal propagation in the response regulator ntrC.

The bacterial enhancer-binding protein NtrC is a well-studied response regulator in a two-component regulatory system. The amino (N)-terminal receiver domain of NtrC modulates the function of its adjacent output domain, which activates transcription by the ς54 holoenzyme. When a specific aspartate residue in the receiver domain of NtrC is phosphorylated, the dimeric protein forms an oligomer that is capable of ATP hydrolysis and transcriptional activation. A chemical protein cleavage method was used to investigate signal propagation from the phosphorylated receiver domain of NtrC, which acts positively, to its central output domain. The iron chelate reagent Fe-BABE was conjugated onto unique cysteines introduced into the N-terminal domain of NtrC, and the conjugated proteins were subjected to Fe-dependent cleavage with or without prior phosphorylation. Phosphorylation-dependent cleavage, which requires proximity and an appropriate orientation of the peptide backbone to the tethered Fe-EDTA, was particularly prominent with conjugated NtrCD86C, in which the unique cysteine lies near the top of α-helix 4. Cleavage occurred outside the receiver domain itself and on the partner subunit of the derivatized monomer in an NtrC dimer. The results are commensurate with the hypothesis that α-helix 4 of the phosphorylated receiver domain of NtrC interacts with the beginning of the central domain for signal propagation. They imply that the phosphorylation-dependent interdomain and intermolecular interactions between the receiver domain of one subunit and the output domain of its partner subunit in an NtrC dimer precede—and may give rise to—the oligomerization needed for transcriptional activation.
Umbilical Hernia and Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Complications

Iran J Pediatr, Vol 21 (No 1); Mar 2011 among suspensions and the fourth among capsules in antibiotic production of the country. Amoxicillin possessed the first place, the production of which was more than ten times of erythromycin. The question was, can food industry have a role in this problem? According to the report of Iranian Veterinary Organization (www.ivo.org.ir), lincomycin and erythromycin are the only macrolides used in our meat and dairy industry and none of them is frequently used, erythromycin is the seventh antibiotic (and the only macrolide) used in poultry (Neomycin has the first place). Lincomycin is the 4th drug (and the only macrolide) in cows and sheep husbandary (Penicillin has the first place with a large distance). Age is an important factor in the rate of antibiotic resistance. Significant negative correlation has been found between the age of patients and the erythromycin-resistance[7]. Our study however did not show such a relationship between age and erythromycin resistance, we think the reason is that infants and young children (<5 years old) which have the highest resistance rate are not included in this study. We conclude that GABHS has a high rate of resistance to erythromycin in Mashhad, and although we couldn’t find a reasonable explanation for this high degree of resistance, erythromycin can no longer be used for empirical treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis in this city. This project was funded by the Research Vice Chancellor of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Cooperative Routing for Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks Using Mutual-Information Accumulation

In underlay cognitive radio networks (CRNs), secondary users (SUs) have to dynamically control their transmit powers so that the interference to primary users (PUs) is tolerable. Under this constraint, SUs' data link usually suffers from either high error rate with limited transmission range or long end-to-end delay caused by multi-hop transmissions. To improve the performance of SUs, cooperative routing using mutual-information accumulation is introduced in CRNs for the first time in this paper. To be specific, the routing and resource allocation problem in underlay CRNs is investigated and is factored into two sub-problems, each of which can be solved efficiently. Furthermore, a distributed algorithm is introduced and simulation results show that both the centralized and distributed algorithms can reduce upto 77% of the end-to-end delay compared to the traditional multi-hop delay-optimal routing in CRNs. Finally, theoretical analysis on the end-to-end delay for a one-dimensional (1-D) network in the low signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) region is conducted. Both the analytical and simulation results show that mutual-information accumulation can significantly decrease the delay of underlay CRNs, especially in the scenario where PUs have a tight interference power constraint.
Tracking ability of hemiparetic and healthy subjects.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate differences in tracking ability between the involved and uninvolved hands of hemiparetic (n = 10) and healthy (n = 10) subjects. The subjects tracked a sine-wave target pattern by flexing and extending their index finger metacarpophalangeal joints. The amplitudes of the target patterns were proportional to each subject's active range of motion. The root-mean-square (RMS) of the vertical distance between the target and response lines was expressed as a percentage of the RMS of the target pattern and subtracted from 100 to give an index of each subject's accuracy. The authors used t tests to compare the uninvolved and involved hands of the hemiparetic subjects (p greater than .05), the dominant and nondominant hands of the healthy subjects (p greater than .05), and the uninvolved hands of the hemiparetic subjects with the dominant hands of the healthy subjects (p less than .005). This study indicates that within the available active ROM, finger tracking ability is impaired bilaterally in hemiparetic subjects. The implication for physical therapists is that treatment strategies for improving motor control should be directed bilaterally.
A COMPENDIUM OF PUBLIC HEALTH DATA SOURCES

This paper is a compendium of sources that contain quantitative data on the health of the U.S. population. These data are useful for epidemiology public health research and surveillance activities. The data are from vital records health surveys surveillance systems and the U.S. Census. In this compendium there are 107 sources of data on mortality morbidity natality maternal and child health health and health care the Census and nutrition surveillance. The telephone numbers and contact offices within the federal agencies responsible for these data bases are provided as guides to help researchers obtain this information. These data sources are useful for examining the relations between diet behavior exposure and health trends in mortality and morbidity for specific diseases and patterns in food consumption and composition. (EXCERPT)
Towards a More Agile Government: The Case for Rebooting Federal IT Procurement

To better embrace innovation and respond to changing organizational needs, the Government must embrace a two-pronged approach involving both regulatory reform and top-down support for best-practices education to empower IT-procuring agencies to pursue more agile software development methods. By requiring that detailed specifications be outlined at the onset of the process, government procurement regulations encourage the less flexible, waterfall development techniques, rather than the more modern, agile development approaches used by the private sector today. While most prior attempts to reform federal IT procurement focused solely on statutory changes, this Note proposes more modern project management practices and argues for top-down reform on both a regulatory and a human level.
Definition of a prenatal sensitive period for maternal-fetal communication of day length

The duration of the nocturnal elevation of melatonin in the dam is a key feature in providing the Djungarian hamster fetus with a prenatal photoperiodic history. The developing animal compares the prenatal photoperiod with the photoperiod experienced during the postnatal period to properly time puberty. In the present report, we define the period during gestation when melatonin administered to the dam is effective in providing the fetus with a prenatal photoperiodic history. The administration of melatonin (50 ng delivered over 10 h at night) by timed infusions to pregnant, pinealectomized Djungarian hamsters for the last 4-7 days of gestation stimulated testicular weights of male pups reared in 14 h of light/day. Single 10-h melatonin infusions were ineffective in stimulating reproductive development (testes weights on day 34) of the male pups, irrespective of the gestational age of the fetus at the time of treatment. In contrast, two consecutive nightly 10-h infusions during gestation clearly stimulated testicular development. The gestational age of the fetus at the time of infusion strongly influenced the response, however. Treatments beginning between 6 and 3 days before birth were effective in stimulating postnatal reproductive development of the offspring. These results indicate that there is a well-delineated, sensitive period during prenatal development when melatonin can provide the fetus with a prenatal photoperiodic history.
The Effects of Forced Molt Treatment on Selected Steroids in Hens

Abstract A study was conducted to determine the effects of an environmentally induced forced molt on concentrations of plasma progesterone (P), corticosteroids (CS), corticosterone binding globulin binding capacity (CBGBC), and liver corticosteroids (LCS) during early forced molt. Laying hens were placed into two environmental control chambers. In one chamber, control (C) hens were fed ad libitum and maintained on long photoperiods of 19 hr of light daily to maintain egg production. In the other chamber, early forced-molt (EM) hens were exposed to short photoperiods of 6 hr of light daily to decrease egg production. After 2 weeks of ad libitum feeding, feed was withdrawn from the EM hens for 2 days to initiate a molt. Feed was restored for 3 days to the EM hens before hens from both groups were sacrificed every 2 hr for 2 days. The EM hens had regressed ovaries, greater body weight losses, lower plasma P and CS hormone levels, lower nuclei free LCS levels, and lower CBGBC than C hens. Nuclear LCS levels were similar in EM and C hens. A single peak indicating a daily rhythm of plasma P was found only in C hens. Progesterone secretions appeared to be eposodic in EM hens. A daily rhythm with two peaks of plasma CS and nuclei-free LCS was found in the C hens. Nuclear LCS peaked thrice daily in C hens. A cascade of CS from the plasma to the liver cytosol and on to the liver nucleus was indicated. Plasma CS was negatively correlated with nuclei-free LCS. Two daily peaks of plasma CS occurred in EM hens. One peak exhibited a daily rhythm and the other did not. Daily rhythmic peaks in EM hens were less defined than in C hens. Force molt treatment in EM hens may have affected the loss of the LCS peaks as was found in the C hens. No daily rhythms of CBGBC were found in either hen group.
Abstract 4374: Identification of novel, biologically relevant, G-quadruplexes formed within the critical promoter of kRAS as promising molecular targets.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC To date, kRAS is one of, if not the, most established oncogenic anomalies identified. It is either upregulated or mutationally activated in a variety of cancers, most notably pancreatic adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung and colon cancers. Pancreatic cancer carries the highest mortality rate of all cancers, with only a 3-6 month median survival, and a 5-year survival of <5%. Lung and colon cancers harboring a mutant kRAS are associated with a worsened prognosis and shorter disease-free survival, and such mutations are independent factors for poor prognosis. To date no attempts to modulate kRAS activity, localization, or signaling have produced clinically active moieties; there is a desperate need for new, kRAS-focused therapeutics. Various silencing technologies have demonstrated that decreasing kRAS expression is sufficient to produce cancer cell kill, and the presented works describe a novel target to downregulate kRAS expression - secondary structures within the proximal promoter, which contains a unique string of G-rich DNA. Negative superhelicity induced by transcription results in this region opening up to form unique secondary structures called G-quadruplexes (G4s). These G4s most often act as silencer elements, forming globular structures that mask binding sites for transcriptional factors, allowing for specific molecular targeting by small molecule drugs, modulating transcription, and protein expression. The G-rich region of the kRAS promoter is extensive, containing three separate putative G4-forming regions. Initial works described the near G4 as a unique ‘kinked’ structure, as well as described two compounds that stabilize different isoforms of this structure, but do not appear to contribute much to the transcriptional control of kRAS. Further elucidation of promoter activity has highlighted new, and more biologically important, G4s existing more distally from the transcriptional state site. Stabilization of this region in a plasmid system significantly decreases luciferase expression, and the mid-G4-forming region forms several stable, complex, structures. These formations have been examined by EMSA, polymerase stop, and footprinting methods. From these data, the elucidated predominant structures are currently the target of further studies with the ultimate goal of describing a new molecular structure, and its dynamic regulation, for future drug development. Citation Format: Chi-Fan Hockings, Kristen M. Greer, Tracy A. Brooks. Identification of novel, biologically relevant, G-quadruplexes formed within the critical promoter of kRAS as promising molecular targets. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4374. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4374
A Critique of the Austrian School Interpretation of the 1920-21 Depression

A series of recent reviews of the depression of 1920-21 by Austrian School and libertarian economists have argued that the downturn demonstrates the poverty of Keynesian policy recommendations. However, these writers misrepresent important characteristics of the 1920-21 downturn, understating the actions of the Federal Reserve and overestimating the relevance of the Harding administration’s fiscal policy. They also engage a caricatured version of Keynesian theory and policy, which ignores Keynes’s views on the efficacy of nominal wage reductions and the preconditions for monetary and fiscal intervention. This paper argues that the government’s response to the 1920-21 depression was consistent with Keynesian recommendations. It offers suggestions for when Austrian School and Keynesian economics share common ground, and argues that the two schools come into conflict primarily in downturns where nominal interest rates are low and demand is depressed. Neither of these conditions held true in the 1920-21 depression.
Agent-oriented Design of Cruise Missile Weapon Control System Architecture

Agent-oriented method is suitable for the architecture design of Cruise Missile Weapon Control System(CMWCS).According to CMWCS concept and the idea of hierarchical intelligent control,a multi-Agent system framework of CMWCS is founded,and its resposibility partition,organization structure,communication and cooperation mechanism are defined.The Fight-Monitor-Agent's Structure is designed by using human centered human machine integration approach;the Inflight-Route-Arange Agent's Structure is designed based on composite agent consthuct and their moders are also described.
Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness in Danyang City,2009-2010

Objective To analyze the surveillance results of influenza-like illness(ILI) of Danyang City,and to explore the trend of epidemic situation in order to adopt necessary measures of prevention and control after pandemic influenza of H1NI during 2009-2010.Methods According to Scheme for Epidemic Situation Monitoring of H1N1 Nationwide,clinic visit data of ILI in sentinel spot and throat swabs were collected randomly for H1N1 virus detection.Results The amount outpatients of ILT in 2009 were larger than that in 2010,which showed significant statistical differences(χ2=1 145.27,P0.01)between 2009 and 2010.In 2009,there were two peaks of the ILI incidence,which distributed in the weeks from 34th to 38th and 46th to 51st.Ages of ILI cases were largely under 25 years,ILI incidence was maintained stable in 2010.Ages of ILI cases were largely under 15 years,367 H1N1 viruses DNA positive samples were detected by patho-biology assay test,the positive rates were 18.79%(376/1953).The types of H1N1 virus mainly were type A(H3),while in 2009,the types of H1N1 virus mainly were type B.Conclusion After the pandemic influenza of H1NI in 2009,flu epidemic was maintained stable.Population under 15 years were the focus group to be stressed for outlining policy of prevention and control.System of routine monitoring and reporting in schools and preschool institutions should be improved and strengthened,meanwhile,exploratory research about surveillance and forecasting mode for epidemic situation should be enhanced.
Toward a psychoanalytic iconography

In describing the principles of psychoanalytic iconography, I follow a historical approach, pointing out that the rudiments of such an interpretive mode are present in Freud's works on Leonardo and on the Moses of Michelangelo and reach a classical expression in Kris's paper on Messerschmidt. Some recent scholarly studies of works of art rest on the incorporation of psychoanalysis into contemporary views of the nature of man, thus permitting a level of analysis of art not previously attained. The interface between a psychoanalytic understanding of the artist's life and preoccupations and the unconscious content present in the work itself continues to offer an opportunity for refining the analytic tool as an instrument for understanding aesthetic response and creativity.
Semiconductor Control Devices

A unijunction transistor (UJT) is a three-terminal device exhibiting a stable incremental negative resistance region under certain conditions. This negative resistance makes possible the design of unique switching circuits comprising fewer components than comparable transistor circuits. The input impedance of the UJT in the off state is high— in the order of 5 megohms — making the UJT suitable for high input impedance voltage sensing circuits.
Optimum Conditions for the Operation of Airline Aircraft

In A. H. Stratford's interesting note in the August Journal, he assumes that an airline is presented with an aircraft of given performance, and must decide what is the best range for it to fly. Surely the practical case is the exact opposite: that an operator wishes to carry passengers or freight between two given points, and must choose between perhaps three or four available types of aircraft. Moreover, it is up to the operator to tell the manufacturers which feature he wants improved (e.g. fuel consumption, take-off distance, and so on), when he is ready to order replacements. Secondly, Mr. Stratford wishes to replace the usual concept of direct operating cost per payload ton mile by that of per cent, profit, as a measure of the efficiency of operation over a certain route. While this may be a more realistic approach to the problem of a private airline company, operating over a single route, its merit is not so obvious for the large national or subsidised airlines, which are often required to fly unprofitable routes.
Georges Sorel’s Diremption: Hegel, Marxism and Anti-Dialectics

SUMMARYGeorges Sorel’s use of the term diremption to describe his method has long been found obscure. This paper shows that the term was associated with Hegel, and that interpreting it in this light can help us make sense of Sorel's method. Sorel, this is to say, in his revision of Marxism and his social theory more generally, was engaging specifically with Hegelian philosophy. In addition to clarifying Sorel's method, this perspective allows us both to place Sorel more clearly in his fin-de-siecle context and to draw connections between his work and more recent marxisant theory.
Archaeologists in the Brothel: “Sin City,” Historical Archaeology and Prostitution

The essays in this volume contribute to recent historical analysis that rescues prostitution from the literature of deviancy and crime. Prostitutes are not considered “fallen women” but, rather, females who made rational and sometimes desperate choices when confronted with limited possibilities. Furthermore, we now know more not only about the prostitutes themselves (something painfully lacking in the American literature before 1980) but also about the culture and material conditions in which they lived and worked.
Ab initio state-specific N2 + O dissociation and exchange modeling for molecular simulations.

Quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations are used in this work to calculate state-specific N2(X1Σ)+O(3P)→2N(4S)+O(3P) dissociation and N2(X1Σ)+O(3P)→NO(X2Π)+N(4S) exchange cross sections and rates based on the 13A″ and 13A′ ab initio potential energy surface by Gamallo et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 119, 2545–2556 (2003)]. The calculations consider translational energies up to 23 eV and temperatures between 1000 K and 20 000 K. Vibrational favoring is observed for dissociation reaction at the whole range of collision energies and for exchange reaction around the dissociation limit. For the same collision energy, cross sections for v = 30 are 4 to 6 times larger than those for the ground state. The exchange reaction has an effective activation energy that is dependent on the initial rovibrational level, which is different from dissociation reaction. In addition, the exchange cross sections have a maximum when the total collision energy (TCE) approaches dissociation energy. The calculations are used to generate compact QCT-derived state-specific dissociation (QCT-SSD) and QCT-derived state-specific exchange (QCT-SSE) models, which describe over 1 × 106 cross sections with about 150 model parameters. The models can be used directly within direct simulation Monte Carlo and computational fluid dynamics simulations. Rate constants predicted by the new models are compared to the experimental measurements, direct QCT calculations and predictions by other models that include: TCE model, Bose-Candler QCT-based exchange model, Macheret-Fridman dissociation model, Macheret’s exchange model, and Park’s two-temperature model. The new models match QCT-calculated and experimental rates within 30% under nonequilibrium conditions while other models under predict by over an order of magnitude under vibrationally-cold conditions.
Patch antenna size-reduction parametric study

Size-reduction techniques are applied to a circular UHF patch antenna, by varying parameters to better predict its desired resonant frequency. Specifically, slits are introduced into the patch, which are parametrically varied to determine the optimum slit dimensions for maximum size reduction.
Optofluidic Tissue Lasers: Potential Applications for Biomedicine

Optofluidic bio-lasers are an emerging technology for next generation biochemical detection and clinical applications. Recent advances has been made to achieve lasing from biomolecules and single living cells. Tissues, which consist of cells embedded in extracellular matrix, mimic more closely the actual complex biological environment in a living body and therefore are of more practical significance in medicine. In this talk, I will introduce the current implementations of “optofluidic tissue lasers”, including lasing from human whole blood and cancer tissue biopsies. Distinct and controllable laser emissions from tissues thus enable highly multiplexed detection of tissues, which opens a door to a plethora of biomedical applications in bio-imaging with superior contrast and high spectral/spatial resolution. Finally, discussion and outlook is made on the strategies to differentiate/monitor various diseases through tissue lasers and to pioneer novel on-chip devices for future clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
Determination of material properties for progressive damage analysis of carbon/epoxy laminates

Progressive damage analysis is a constitutive model available in Abaqus(TM) to predict damage initiation and evolution in laminated composite materials but no standards are available to obtain the ...
Moms' Empowerment Program participation associated with improved physical health among Latinas experiencing intimate partner violence

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate whether participation in the Moms' Empowerment Program (MEP), a 10-week, 10-session intervention designed to provide support and increase access to available community resources for women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV), enhanced the physical health of participants who self-identified as Latina. Methods Mothers of children ages 4–12 who self-identified as Latina and had experienced IPV within the past two years were recruited at three intervention sites in Michigan, Ohio, and Texas, via community postings and referrals from agencies serving IPV-exposed families. Selected study participants (n = 93) were assigned to one of two groups: Treatment (immediate enrollment in the MEP) or Control (placement on a waitlist with an invitation to participate in the MEP after the 10-week study period). Data were drawn from two structured interviews, one at the time of recruitment for the study (Time One), and one following the intervention or wait period (Time Two). Results After controlling for age, educational attainment, and partner residence (living with a violent partner at the time of the interview), multilevel modeling revealed that improvement in physical health over time was significantly greater among women who participated in the intervention relative to controls. Conclusions These data suggest that enhancing interpersonal connectedness and access to resources positively affects physical health for Latinas experiencing IPV.