cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cation-anion interactions as structure directing factors: structure and bonding of Ca2CdSb2 and Yb2CdSb2.

Two new transition-metal-containing Zintl phases, Ca2CdSb2 and Yb2CdSb2, have been synthesized by flux reactions, and their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Yb2CdSb2 crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Cmc21 (No. 36, Z = 4). Ca2CdSb2 crystallizes in the centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62, Z = 4). Despite the similarity in their chemical formulas and unit cell parameters, the structures of Yb2CdSb2 and Ca2CdSb2 are subtly different: Ca2CdSb2 has a layered structure built up of infinite layers of CdSb4 tetrahedra connected through corner-sharing. These layers are stacked in an alternating AA-1AA-1 sequence along the direction of the longest crystallographic axis (A denotes a layer; A-1 stands for its inversion symmetry equivalent), with Ca2+ cations filling the space between them. The structure of Yb2CdSb2 features the very same [CdSb2]4- layers of CdSb4 tetrahedra, which because of the lack of inversion symmetry are stacked...
Quantitative thin‐layer chromatography of sympathomimetic amines

Thin-layer chromatography for quantitative estimation of sympathomimetic amines has been used. Two methods were performed: the weight/area relationship and the elution of the spots and spectrophotometric determination in the ultraviolet. For the first method, solutions of the amines, in increasing concentration, were applied on cellulose thin layer, and a solution of unknown concentration of the same amines was run parallel to the standards. The spot was compared with the standards using a recording photoelectric densitometef. For the second method the standard spots were eluted from the cellulose plates and their absorption was measured. The absorptivity of a similarly eluted spot of unknown concentration, but parallel running, was measured and compared with the standards. The accuracy of the methods appeared to be between 95–98 percent.
Zinc Porphyrin as a Donor for FRET in Zn(II)cytochrome c

We demonstrate that Zn(II) porphyrin in Zn(II)cytochrome c (Zn cyt c) is a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) donor to an Alexa660 dye acceptor. The energy transfer efficiency is dependent on the distance between the two fluorophores as shown through protein denaturation studies of five Zn cyt c variants labeled with Alexa660 in different positions. The relative quantum yield, excitation and emission energies, and labeling efficiencies of this donor-acceptor pair allow for a method of analysis based on sensitized emission of the acceptor. These studies show that Zn(II) porphyrin is an effective energy donor for measurement of molecular-scale distances by FRET.
Operationalization of technology use and cooperation in CSCW

Research in CSCW faces challenges for assessing constructs of technology use and cooperation in context. This study examines a system in a healthcare context, and uses activity as the unit of analysis. An innovative approach to measuring technology use and cooperation is applied that has potential for replication across other systems and contexts. The findings provide evidence that technology use and cooperation can be operationalized and examined in context and demonstrate how it can be done reliably. The results show the importance of understanding the participation of different roles within a CSCW context and the factors of technology use impact levels of cooperation.
A Case Study in High Strain Capacity Pipeline Qualification: PNG LNG Project

The onshore pipeline portion of the Papua New Guinea Liquefied Natural Gas (PNG LNG) project traverses terrain with seismically active faults with potential ground displacements up to four meters. The resulting longitudinal strain demand exceeds 0.5% strain, thereby requiring use of strain-based pipeline design (SBD) technology. This paper discusses the application of previously developed strain-based design methodologies to successfully qualify the PNG LNG pipeline system for a design tensile strain demand up to 3%, and flexibility to increase the design strain demand with additional restrictions on key variables impacting strain capacity at select locations. Key SBD pipeline qualification activities are discussed along with the required project timeline. The first activity is specifying, evaluating and procuring line pipe suitable for strain-based design. SBD line pipe must be strain-age resistant, have excellent longitudinal uniform elongation, and have tightly controlled ultimate tensile strength (UTS) limits to ensure robust girth weld overmatch. The girth welds must exhibit upper shelf fracture toughness, excellent tearing resistance, and have sufficient tensile strength to ensure adequate girth weld strength overmatch. The pipeline qualification effort culminates in full scale pipe strain testing as proof of performance. The specimens for these tests are fabricated with project-specific pipe, girth welds, and pipe fit-up (hi-lo misalignment). The girth welds contain machined flaws in both weld metals and heat affected zones, these flaws being sized consistent with acceptable flaw sizes predicted from analytical models and prior experience. The results of these tests and their significance are described. Efforts to reduce capacity through lowering strain demand are outlined, along with examples of construction challenges the project has successfully faced. Key engineering and project decisions, and lessons learned from this qualification effort are also detailed.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Science and Poverty: Reflection of the Development of an Education Philosophy

(2004). Science and Poverty: Reflection of the Development of an Education Philosophy. Journal of Poverty: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 111-115.
Advances in the Pharmacotherapy of Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder: Focus on Methylphenidate Formulations

The psychostimulant dl-methylphenidate (MPH) remains the most common drug therapy in child and adolescent psychiatry for the treatment of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Evidence of a dopaminergic basis both for the actions of MPH and for the underlying neuropathology in ADHD continues to mount. Advances in the biopharmaceutics of MPH have been conspicuous. Novel approaches to formulation design have resulted in new MPH delivery options to overcome the short-term actions of both immediate-and sustained-release MPH. New modified-release MPH products offer the convenience of once-daily administration while providing extended absorption profiles that better mimic those of standard schedules of immediate-release MPH (i.e., the absorption phase of MPH better correlates with improved behavioral response than does the elimination phase). The oral bioavailability of MPH in females may be lower than in males. The l-MPH isomer exhibits only negligible oral bioavailability and, further, possesses little intrinsic activity at the dopamine transporter. This notwithstanding, a single-isomer d-MPH immediate-release product is now available for dosing recommended at one-half that of dl-MPH.
[Fe2(Sb2S6)(CO)6]2+: A Cationic Group 15/16 Metal Cluster

The first group 15/16 cationic metal complex [Fe2(Sb2S6)(CO)6][SbF6]2·2SO2 is formed when [S8][Sb2F11]2 is reacted with 3 equiv of iron pentacarbonyl in liquid sulfur dioxide at room temperature. The cationic cluster is formed from an Sb2S6 cage capped on each end through η1-S, η2-S2 bound Fe(CO)3 units. There is a center of inversion at the centroid position of the Sb2S6 cage. The antimony source is apparently the starting anion [Sb2F11]-. This appears to be an unprecedented example of the reaction of a cation with [Sb2F11]-.
Cytocidal etfect of high energy shock wave on tumour cells enhanced with larger dose and multiple exposures

Abstract Cultured LLC-WRC256 (Walker rat carcinoma) cells were exposed to different doses of high energy shock waves (HESW). The immediate viabilities were 98% in the control cells, and 74%, 53% and 18% following 400, 800, and 1500 HESW treatment, respectively. Surviving cells in the 400 and 800-treated HESW demonstrated delayed upward growth rate curves, and the 1500 HESW-treated a downward curve. Agar clonogenic etficiencies for surviving cells were 36% (control), 20% (400 HESW), 15% (800 HESW) and 3% (1500 HESW). LLC-WRC256 tumours in Wistar rats were treated once every other day with 1500 HESW on a total of three occasions. Tumours treated with HESW grew more slowly (4.9 cm3) than those in the control (13.5 cm3). HESW fragmented cells and destroyed cell membranes and intracellular organelles. A histological examination of tumours treated with HESW demonstrated local haemorrhage with necrosis in the HESW focus area. Damage to the surrounding skin and soft tissue was slight and transient. These findings suggest that the growth of tumour cells can be suppressed in vitro and in vivo by treatment with HESW.
ℓ-Resonance effects in C2H2 near 13.7 μm. Part H: The two quantum hotbands

Abstract This article is the second part on l-resonance effects on the rotation-vibration bands of acetylene observed in the ν5 fundamental region. While the first part concentrated on the energy level analysis of the fundamental and the seven strongest hotbands originating in the ν4 and ν5 excited states for both major isotopes [Spectrochim. Acta 48A, 1203 (1992)], this article summarizes the results of the analysis of the hotbands 2ν4 + ν5 ← 2ν4, ν4 + 2ν5 ← ν4 + ν5, and 3ν5 ← 2ν5 from which improved molecular constants for the 2ν4 and three quantum energy levels were derived for the major isotope 12C2H2. The mixing levels within the excited vibrational states due to vibrational and rotational l-resonance effects are discussed which lead to the identification of the strong “forbidden” Δl3 band, 2ν4+ ν35←2νOe4 as a result of l-resonance intensity perturbation.
The determination of local public expenditures and the principal and agent relation: A case study

The principal and agent relationship is important in the public sector. There, elected or appointed representatives act on behalf of the citizens of their jurisdictions. This paper examines the importance of the budget referendum, which allows the principals to approve or disapprove the proposal of a set of agents, in the context of local public expenditure decisions. We test the null hypothesis that the institution of referendum, when compared to a nonreferendum institution, does not lead to significantly different expenditure behavior.
Unique structural isomerism involving tetrazole and amide/azide derivatives of gallium

The reaction between {HC(MeCDippN)2}Ga: (Dipp = C6H3Pri2 -2,6) and N3SiMe3 afforded the tetrazole {HC(MeCDippN)2}GaN(SiMe3)NNN(SiMe3) 1 and its amide/azide isomer {HC(MeCDippN)2}Ga(N3)N(SiMe3) 2 2 whose stabilities are due to the unique steric properties of the [HC(MeCDippN)2]− ligand.
Stabilization of hot-melt extrusion formulations containing solid solutions using polymer blends

This study was aimed at enhancing the physical stability of the drug clotrimazole (CT) and the polymer contained within hot-melt extrusion (HME) films using polymer blends of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The HME films were investigated for solid-state characteristics, moisture sorption, bioadhesivity, mechanical properties, glass transition temperature, release characteristics, and physical and chemical stability of the drug and the polymer within the HME films. The solid-state characterization of the drug and the polymer was performed using differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffractometry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. A texture analyzer was used to study the bioadhesive and mechanical properties of the HME films. The physical and chemical stability of the films, stored at 25°C/60% relative humidity or in a desiccator, was studied for up to 12 months. CT was found to be in solid solution within all of the formulations extruded. The physical stability of the drug and PEO in the HME films increased with increasing HPC concentration, but the bioadhesivity and flexibility of the PEO films decreased with increasing HPC concentration. Films containing HPC: PEO∶CT in the ratio of 55∶35∶10 demonstrated optimum physical-mechanical, bioadhesive, and release properties. In conclusion, polymer blends of HPC and PEO were used successfully to tailor the drug release, mechanical and bio-adhesive properties, and stability of the HME films.
Penicillin: Effect on Sodium and Potassium Transport in Bacterial and Protoplast Forms of Streptococcus faecalis

Streptococcus faecalis, incubated in osmotically stabiliz medium in the presence of 1000 units of penicillin per milliliter, accumulated rather than extruded sodium; they accumulated much less potassium than control cells did. These changes were not due to binding of sodium by cell-wall fragments of cells treated with penicillin. Because penicillin had no effect on cation concentrations in stable protoplasts and nongrowing bacterial cells, this effect appeared to be related to the production of the penicillin-induced lesions of the cell wall.
On replicating the slip technique: A reply to Sinsabaugh and Fox

Concerns raised about the SLIP technique by Sinsabaugh and Fox (1986) in their replication of Baars, Motley, and MacKay (1975, Experiment 1) are examined here via yet another replication of the Baars et al. experiment. Results indicate the Sinsabaugh and Fox concerns generally to be unfounded. Implications for optimal utilization of the SLIP technique are discussed.
Design of a piezoelectric actuator and compliant mechanism combination for maximum energy efficiency

The combined optimization of a compliant mechanism and a piezoelectric stack actuator for maximum energy conversion efficiency is considered. The analysis assumes all components to be free from dissipation and that the piezoelectric stack actuator is driven by an ideal sinusoidal voltage source. The energy conversion efficiency is defined as the ratio of the output mechanical energy to the input electric energy. Using linear two-port models, an analytical expression for the maximum energy conversion efficiency is derived. It is shown that the optimization of the piezoelectric stack actuator can be decoupled from the topology optimization of the compliant mechanism. Computational verification of the analytical results is presented for two ground structures modeled using frame elements. The trade-off between displacement amplification and maximization of the energy conversion efficiency is examined.
Corrosion-Resistant Inhibited Coatings for Welded Joints of Pipelines

We propose a new polyurethane primer with high adhesion for the protection of welded joints of main pipelines under the field conditions. For the investigation of the influence of filling of this primer by a mixture of modified zinc phosphate and calcite in the form of a finely divided marble powder on its anticorrosion and physicomechanical characteristics, we used contemporary methods of investigations: the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that the extract of marble powder blocks anodic reactions on the surface of 09G2S pipe steel. Together with zinc phosphate, it forms an efficient corrosion inhibitor of mixed type in weakly acid rain. It is shown that, under the influence of the extract of marble–zinc-phosphate inhibiting composition, the resistance to charge transfer becomes 5–10 times higher depending on the ratio of the modified phosphate to the filler and the time of holding. A stable protective film of complex phosphates forms on the metal surface. The procedure of filing of the polyurethane primer with the indicated mixture of inhibitors is promising in guaranteeing the stability of its adhesion in sections of welded joints and metal structures of the main pipelines.
Convenient peripheral blood vessel location via differential Doppler ultrasound: VEINUS

VEINUS, a handheld medical device designed to streamline application of peripheral intravascular therapies by easing the process of blood vessel location is introduced. Employing differential Doppler ultrasound techniques, and digital signal processing (DSP) the device makes the process of locating veins and arteries visual, expedient, and convenient.
Drug abuses in the military: correlates of successful rehabilitation.

Investigated the relationships among motivation for drug abuse, successful rehabilitation, and personality/demographic variables. The Ss, 20 airmen who had completed successfully a local USAF Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Program, were administered the 16PF Questionnaire, the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, and the Sensation Seeking Scale. Multivariate correlative analyses showed that those Ss who progressed most rapidly through the rehabilitation program could be best identified by their scores on the Sensation Seeking Scale, while specific subscales of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale and the 16PF contributed somewhat to the predictive value. It was concluded that the SSS has potential value in predicting successful rehabilitation of military drug abusers.
Tunable squeezed-light generation from twin beams using an optical-phase feed-forward scheme: a broadband calculation

Recently we analyzed an optical-phase feed-forward scheme to produce a tunable squeezed-light beam from the twin beams generated by means of nondegenerate parametric amplification [ Opt. Lett.16, 755 ( 1991)]. Here we present a wideband model of this scheme. The noise characteristics of the homodyne detector that measures squeezing properties of the phase-controlled output signal beam from the parametric amplifier are analyzed in detail. To minimize the squeezed-noise power at an arbitrarily given sideband frequency, we calculate the optimum phase feed-forward transfer function. This feed-forward transfer function is realizable through the use of a bandpass filter and an electronic amplifier. For certain frequency profiles of the gain and phase of the parametric amplifier, the squeezed-noise power spectral density can be minimized over the entire bandwidth of the electronic detector that is used in homodyne detection.
A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Posttest Video to Increase Condom Use Among Adolescent Emergency Department Patients

Purpose To compare the effectiveness of a theory-based HIV educational video tool with in-person HIV counseling in promoting safer sex behaviors among adolescent patients of an urban Emergency Department (ED).
Estrogen and progestin receptor levels as prognosticators for survival in endometrial cancer.

Abstract The survival of 213 postmenopausal patients with primary endometrial cancer was analyzed as a function of clinicopathologic features and cytosol steroid receptor levels. Estrogen receptor (ER) levels ( P = 0.008) and progestin receptor (PR) levels ( P = 0.0001) were negatively correlated with grade. ER and PR levels were positively correlated with each other ( P = 0.0001), but neither was correlated with age. In 187 patients with stages 1 and II, ER positivity (⩾ 20 fmole/mg cytosol protein (cp)) was statistically associated with grade ( P = 0.007); and PR (⩾7 fmole/mg cp) was statistically associated with grade ( P = 0.001). Univariant analysis revealed that survival for the early endometrial cancer patients was significantly dependent upon ER status ( P = 0.0003), PR status ( P = 0.0016), and grade ( P = 0.0002). Multivariant analysis of ER status, PR status, age. and grade showed that the ER status was a significant prognostic factor for survival ( P = 0.0168), even if the positivity of the PR status was defined at ⩾50 fmole/mg cp. If ER status was divided at 0–19, 20–100, and >100 fmole/mg cp, survival was significantly different between the low range group and the other two groups. If PR status was divided at 0–6, 7–50, and >50 fmole/mg cp survival was significantly different between the first two groups and the high range group. Thus, survival in these endometrial cancer patients was better predicted by ER status than grade.
Social Acceptability, Personal Responsibility, and Prognosis in Public Judgments and Transplant Allocation

Background Some members of the general public feel that patients who cause their own organ failure through smoking, alcohol use, or drug use should not receive equal priority for scarce transplantable organs. This may reflect a belief that these patients (1) cause their own illness, (2) have poor transplant prognoses or, (3) are simply unworthy. We explore the role that social acceptability, personal responsibility, and prognosis play in people's judgments about transplant allocation. Methods By random allocation, we presented 283 prospective jurors in Philadelphia county with one of five questionnaire versions. In all questionnaires, subjects were asked to distribute transplantable hearts between patients with and without a history of 3 controversial behaviors (eating high fat diets against doctors' advice, cigarette smoking or intravenous drug use). Across the 5 questionnaire versions, we varied the relative prognosis of the transplant candidates and whether their behavior caused their primary organ failure. Results Subjects were significantly less willing to distribute organs to intravenous drug users than to cigarette smokers or people eating high fat diets (p Conclusion People's unwillingness to give scarce transplantable organs to patients with controversial behaviors cannot be explained totally on the basis of those behaviors either causing their primary organ failure or making them have worse transplant prognoses. Instead, many people believe that such patients are simply less worthy of scarce transplantable organs.
Management of Neonatal Ebstein's Anomaly

The presentation of Ebstein's anomaly (ventricular displacement of the tricuspid valve, especially septal and posterior leaflets) in the neonatal period is distinguished from that in later life by a much higher mortality, due in part to the pre-existing elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance. Surgery in the neonatal period has previously focused on palliation and conversion to single-ventricle physiology. Successful two-ventricle repair with good clinical results can safely be performed in the neonatal period.
Penetration mechanics of seg-tel penetrators

Abstract Numerical simulations have been used to investigate the penetration performance of a segmented telescopic (seg-tel) penetrator between 1.6 and 2.5 km/s, with an emphasis at the higher impact velocities. Where applicable, the simulations are compared to experimental data. The simulations demonstrate that the penetration process of the seg-tel penetrator deviates in several fundamental ways from that of an ideal monolithic L / D 1 segmented penetrator. The paper focuses on the penetration mechanics of seg-tel projectiles, including single and multi-segment penetrators, as well as individual component elements of the seg-tel penetrator. It is shown that the mechanics of the penetration of the tubular element forces penetrator material to remain along the center of the penetration axis which interferes with the penetration of subsequent segments. A limited experimental effort supports the conclusions drawn from the numerical simulations.
Impact identification using matched filtering and spectral cross correlation

Matched filtering is a common method for analyzing known waveforms of interest. From analyzing images for target recognition, to identifying coding within a noisy transmission, matched filtering via cross correlation is commonly used. This paper presents an implementation for identifying impacts using an accelerometer and matched filtering via cross correlation. Matlab was used for proof of concept and simulation. The Altera DE2 FPGA development board employing matched filters and Labview employing spectral cross correlation were used for the real-time implementation.
Using the Concept-Mapping Method for Empirical Studies in Construction Research

AbstractThe concept-mapping method has enabled research advances in medicine and psychology. This method also seems well suited for many of the questions facing construction researchers, but its use remains limited in construction research. Concept mapping helps solicit and organize ideas from experts and stakeholders. This method can be used to categorize results into various clusters that may have competing explanations or backgrounds. It also allows for comparing results among group of participants. This method integrates qualitative group tasks of idea generation, sorting, and rating with two quantitative analyses, multidimensional scaling, and cluster analysis. One of the relevant findings of using these analyses is the creation of visual maps, which can help develop action plans and frameworks. This paper is meant as a guide for applying the concept-mapping method to construction research. Although examples for using this method in construction engineering and management are presented in this paper ...
14-3-3 proteins in neuronal development and function

The 14-3-3 proteins are small, cytosolic, evolutionaritly conserved proteins expressed abundantly in the nervous system. Although they were discovered more than 30 yr ago, their function in the nervous system has remained enigmatic. Several recent studies have helped to clarify their biological function. Crystallographic investigations have revealed that 14-3-3 proteins exist as dimers and that they contain a specific region for binding to other proteins. The interacting proteins, in turn, contain a 14-3-3 binding motif; proteins that interact with 14-3-3 dimers include PKC and Raf, protein kinases with critical roles in neuronal signaling. These proteins are capable of activating Raf in vitro, and this role has been verified by in vivo studies inDrosophila. Most interestingly, mutations in theDrosophila 14-3-3 genes disrupt neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and behavioral plasticity, establishing a role for these proteins in the development and function of the nervous system.
The Structure and Dynamics of Poly(l-lysine) in Templated Silica Nanocomposites

Biologically templated nanoparticles are of interest for a variety of biological applications and for controlling the porosity and other properties in nanocomposites. Solid-state NMR has been used to characterize polypeptide/silica composites templated from the poly(L-lysine) solutions in the α-helix, β-sheet, and random coil conformations. The results show that the poly(L-lysine) retains its solution conformation in the nanocomposites when templating from the α-helix or /3-sheet conformation, but the random coil conformation is partially converted to the α-helical form during nanocomposite formation. The dynamics of poly(L-lysine) are restricted by incorporation into the composite compared to bulk poly(L-lysine) at the equivalent relative humidity. Bulk and film poly(L-lysine) samples undergo transitions from the random coil to the /?-sheet to the α-helix conformation with increasing relative humidity, but these transitions are suppressed in the silica composite. { 1 H- 31 P} NMR studies show that inorganic phosphate is incorporated into the random coil-templated composite and that part of the phosphate is closely associated with the poly(L-lysine). The implications for biomimetic nanocomposites formation are considered.
Coughing: A new description of ventilatory reversals produced by the lobster, Homarus americanus

1. 1. This report represents physiological evidence that reverse ventilatory pulses (coughing) produced by the lobster, Homarus americanus, are mechanically different from reversals previously described for lobsters and other crustaceans. 2. 2. This evidence is supported with behavioral observations and field experiments. 3. 3. Coughing occurs with higher frequency after the lobsters are exposed to some water-borne chemicals.
Encapsulated classic and follicular variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma: comparative clinicopathologic study.

Objective: To compare the clinicopathologic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma classic variant (PTC-CV) and papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular variant (PTCFV), with a focus on the encapsul...
Rett syndrome: characterization of seizures versus non-seizures

Abstract Epileptic seizures are reported to occur frequently in Rett syndrome (RS). We evaluated the hypothesis that many events classified as seizures in RS represent other paroxysmal, non-epileptic events; thus, the overall incidence of seizures in RS is overestimated. We conducted video/polygraphic/EEG monitoring sessions (8–120 h duration) in 82 RS females (ages 2–30 years). Fifty-five patients (67%) had a history of seizures and 43 (52%) were receiving anticonvulsants. All had abnormal EEGs. These abnormalities included epileptiform findings, the frequency of which ranged from 60% of patients in clinical stage IV to 97% of patients in clinical stage III. During monitoring, electrographic seizures were recorded in only 13 patients (16%) and included both partial and generalized events. Clinical events correlating with EEG seizure discharges were identified by parents during only 5 of these recordings. The parents of 23 (42%) of the 55 patients with a history of seizures identified events during monitoring that they felt were representative of the child's typical `seizures', but which were not associated with EEG seizure discharges. These `non-seizure' events included episodes of motor activity, such as twitching, jerking, head turning, falling forward, and trembling, as well as episodes of staring, laughing, pupil dilatation, breath holding and hyperventilation. These studies confirm that the occurrence of epileptic seizures is overestimated in RS, and further suggest that actual seizures may be under-recognized. Video/EEG monitoring can provide definitive information regarding the need for anticonvulsant therapy in RS.
A specific binding protein for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rat intestinal cytosol.

In the presence of 0.3 M potassium chloride and 0.5 mM dithiothreitol, rat intestinal cytosol contains two binding proteins for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ (1,25-(OH)/sub 2/D/sub 3/)/sup 1/ having sedimentation coefficients of 3.2S and 5-6S. The 3.2S protein is specific for 1,25-(OH)/sub 2/D/sub 3/ as determined by competition analysis, whereas the 5-6S protein binds 25-hydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ (25-OH-D/sub 3/) exclusively.
TERMINAL SHAPES OF ABLATING BODIES

A STUDY of the fluid dynamics of ablating bodies has been pursued at the University of Florida for the past three years. In this study, blocks of soluble material have been mounted on suitable supports located under water on the prow of a small skiff, which is then propelled at known constant speed by use of an outboard motor. The changes in shapes of the soluble specimens have been observed as a function of the boat speed, the time, the initial model shape, and its material composition. In early experiments, models of salt which had an initial cylindrical symmetry about the direction of relative motion of the water—square-ended cylinders, or ogives—were found to erode to a shape that seemed to change very little with time but for scale. The shape could be described in terms of the coordinates x and y, where the lateral dimension y is measured vertically from the line of cylindrical symmetry of the model at a distance x measured along that axis from the forward tip of the shape. The relation between y and x was found to be
Microbial community fluctuations in a meromictic, Antarctic Lake

The viable counts of portions of the microbial communities of the water column of Lake Bonney and associated glacial melt-streams in South Victorialand, Antarctica, were monitored at regular intervals during two consecutive austral summers. Community fluctuations in the water column correlate with the period of input from the meltstream flow into the lake.
Assessing Naturalness in Northern Great Lakes Forests Based on Historical Land-Cover and Vegetation Changes

The concept of naturalness was developed to assess to what degree landscapes represent a natural state. Protected areas are often regarded as the remnants of untouched landscapes although many landscapes commonly perceived as pristine have a long history of human impact. Here, we introduced a historical perspective into the concept of naturalness and the analysis of the effectiveness of protected areas by analyzing historical trajectories in land-cover and forest communities for the Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula (USA). Distribution of land-cover and forest community types was reconstructed for pre-settlement time (around 1850), the height of agricultural expansion (1928), and modern conditions (2000). Naturalness of the landscape was assessed by analyzing similarity between pre-settlement and current conditions and by assessing landscape continuity (1850–1928–2000). We compared changes in the strictly protected park core zone with those in the inland buffer zone with ongoing sustainable logging, and a not protected area adjacent to the park. Forest was the dominant land-cover type over the entire study period. We detected a gradient in land-cover continuity from the core zone (81 % continuity) to the inland buffer zone (74 %) and the area outside the park (66 %). Northern hardwood was the dominating forest type in all time points with high continuity (76 %). In contrast, pine forests show a more dynamic pattern with more than 50 % of the initial forests switching to non-forest or early succession forest types by 1928. More than half of the study area was considered as “natural virgin” (no changes in land-cover and forest community type) with a higher portion within the park than in the adjacent area. In contrast, areas with low naturalness are more abundant outside the park. Our study demonstrates the value of integrating historical information into naturalness assessments and the results provide useful information for future park management. More broadly speaking, our study advances research on the effectiveness of protected areas, by going beyond simple measures of averted deforestation, and introducing approaches to directly measure naturalness.
Pair-correlation energies in sodium hydride with many-body perturbation theory

Many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) is applied to the electronic structure of the sodium hydride molecule using a basis set of Slater-type orbitals. Both a ${V}^{N}$ and a ${V}^{N\ensuremath{-}1}$ potential are considered for determining the virtual orbitals, but these are shown to give nearly equivalent results when all pairlike diagrams are summed through third order in the MBPT expansion using shifted denominators. A value of -0.2544 hartrees is obtained for the correlation energy, which is \ensuremath{\sim}59% of the experimental value. A clear separation into intrashell and intershell correlation energy effects is observed.
ELISA and SPR Studies of Ricin Binding to β-Galactoside Analogs

Early detection of ricin toxin, a biothreat agent, is of critical importance because it can be produced in large quantities rapidly. Ricin binds to β-galactoside analogs; therefore, these glycans can be used to capture and detect the toxin. Here, we have compared the binding affinities (Kds) of ricin with a panel of β-galactoside analogs using two different biophysical techniques, quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We found that β-galactosides bind to ricin better than N-acetyl β-galactosamines on all surfaces. Second, ricin prefers to bind to densely packed glycans over sparsely packed glycans. Third, when the structure and density of the glycans are kept constant and only the spacer is varied, we found that the binding affinities of glycans attached via a hydrocarbon spacer are better than glycans attached via a short oligoethylene glycol spacer, presumably because the alkyl spacer provides a better spatial arrangement. We also observed that the E...
Formation of an ordered Si dimer structure on HfB 2 (0001)

An ordered surface structure formed after exposure of the ${\mathrm{HfB}}_{2}(0001)$ surface at $800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ to ${\mathrm{SiH}}_{4}(g)$ followed by annealing at $900\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ has been characterized experimentally with low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The structure is described by a $(\sqrt{7}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3})$ lattice with a bonded pair of Si atoms in each overlayer unit cell. An absolute Si coverage estimate of 0.48 monolayer based on XPS also supports this structure. Calculations using psuedopotentials within the framework of density functional theory and a five-layer slab model of the substrate show that the threefold hollow site is energetically favored for isolated Si atoms and that Si atoms at next-nearest-neighbor three fold hollow sites will form dimers with a Si-Si distance of $\ensuremath{\approx}2.4\mathrm{\AA{}}.$
On the Observed Near Cancellation between Longwave and Shortwave Cloud Forcing in Tropical Regions

Abstract Observations based on Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) satellite data indicate that there is a near cancellation between tropical longwave and shortwave cloud forcing in regions of deep convective activity. Cloud forcing depends on both cloud macrophysical properties (e.g., cloud amount, cloud height, etc.) and on microphysical properties (e.g., cloud particle size, particle shape, etc.). Hence, the near cancellation in the tropics could be due to either the macrophysical or the microphysical properties of these clouds, or a combination of these effects. By using satellite data from the ERBE and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and recent in situ observations of tropical anvils, it is argued that the observed near cancellation in the tropics is mainly a result of the tropical tropopause height. This conclusion depends on two observational results from comparison of ERBE and ISCCP data: 1) Both the longwave and shortwave cloud forcing are predominately due to high ...
The pathophysiology and therapy of empyema in the isolated bladder.

Twenty to thirty percent of patients who have had supervesical urinary diversion with the bladder left behind subsequently develop empyema of the isolated bladder. The following study was undertaken in a series of 36 female dogs divided into three groups to determine the role of infection and obstruction in the partial and completely obstructed isolated bladder. From these studies a model was selected to evaluate various therapeutic regimens.
Introduction to case studies from South Asia

Investigations of the effects of extraction of non-timber forest products have concentrated on Latin American forests, yet South Asian forests may provide new insights into this problem. The following five papers address issues relating to extraction of non-timber forest products in South Asia. These papers include an economic valuation of deciduous forests in India, case studies of use of forest products by rural people in India and Sri Lanka, and a description of long-term research program for multiple-use forestry in Sri Lanka. This series of papers complements recent case studies from Latin America (e.g., Nepstad and Schwartzman 1992).
Soft-defect inspection equipment based on DIC technique

We have recently presented an operational principle based on the differential interference contrast (DIC) technique that we call `A-DIC method.' This method can suppress the circuit pattern images, and enhance the contrast between the images of the contamination and the defect-less circuit patterns. It uses both the transmission and reflection images. In this paper, we describe the other simpler method that we call `B- DIC' method.' This method requires only the reflection images and can be built in a confocal scanning microscope.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Multimodal assessment of emotional reactivity in borderline personality pathology: The moderating role of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms

Emotional reactivity has been theorized to play a central role in borderline personality (BP) pathology. Although growing research provides evidence for subjective emotional reactivity in BP pathology, research on physiological or biological reactivity among people with BP pathology is less conclusive. With regard to biological reactivity in particular, research on cortisol reactivity (a neurobiological marker of emotional reactivity) in response to stressors among individuals with BP pathology has produced contradictory results and highlighted the potential moderating role of PTSD-related pathology. Thus, this study sought to examine the moderating role of PTSD symptoms in the relation between BP pathology and both subjective (self-report) and biological (cortisol) emotional reactivity to a laboratory stressor. Participants were 171 patients in a residential substance use disorder treatment center. Consistent with hypotheses, results revealed a significant main effect of BP pathology on subjective emotional reactivity to the laboratory stressor. Furthermore, results revealed a significant interaction between BP pathology and PTSD symptoms in the prediction of cortisol reactivity, such that BP pathology was associated with heightened cortisol reactivity only among participants with low levels of PTSD symptoms. Similar findings were obtained when examining the interaction between BP pathology and the reexperiencing and avoidance/numbing symptoms of PTSD specifically. Results highlight the moderating role of PTSD symptoms in the BP-reactivity relation.
Human aspects in object-oriented design: an assessment and a methodology

Abstract Object-oriented design has attractive features, but using an object-oriented technique does not necessarily guarantee a good design. In this paper an assessment is made which is concerned with human aspects in object-oriented design. Particularly, the important role of user's mental models in object-oriented design is emphasized. The relationship between analogical reasoning and software reuse is examined. To support the assessment in regard to human aspects, some methodological considerations are outlined, which are further examined through case studies.
Beggar Thy Neighbor: A History of Usury and Debt. By Charles R. Geisst. (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013. Pp. vi, 388. $39.95.)

This timely work examines the thorny question of indebtedness. Although lacking specific reform recommendations, this author's work convincingly argues that for‐profit moneylending poses enduring e...
Dramatic tissue artifact that mimics morphea or scleroderma.

We report a dramatic tissue artifact mimicking morphea or scleroderma that we have recently encountered in our dermatopathology consultation service.
Localization of a Voltage Gate in Connexin46 Gap Junction Hemichannels

Cysteine replacement mutagenesis has identified positions in the first transmembrane domain of connexins as contributors to the pore lining of gap junction hemichannels (Zhou et al. 1997. Biophys. J. 72:1946-1953). Oocytes expressing a mutant cx46 with a cysteine in position 35 exhibited a membrane conductance sensitive to the thiol reagent maleimidobutyryl biocytin (MBB). MBB irreversibly reduced the single-channel conductance by 80%. This reactive cysteine was used to probe the localization of a voltage gate that closes cx46 gap junction hemichannels at negative potentials. MBB was applied to the closed channel either from outside (whole cell) or from inside (excised membrane patches). After washout of the thiol reagent the channels were tested at potentials at which the channels open. After extracellular application of MBB to intact oocytes, the membrane conductance was unaffected. In contrast, channels treated with intracellular MBB were blocked. Thus the cysteine in position 35 of cx46 is accessible from inside but not from the outside while the channel is closed. These results suggest that the voltage gate, which may be identical to the "loop gate" (Trexler et al. 1996. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:5836-5841), is located extracellular to the 35 position. The voltage gate results in regional closure of the pore rather than closure along the entire pore length.
Spin dependent potential for heavy fermions of the ends of a string

Abstract Mesons with heavy quarks are modeled by putting fermions on the ends of a string. The spin dependence of the fermion potential over large distances is found by solving for the classical motion of a rotating string. Some general remarks about such theories of “heavy” strings are also made.
Molecular cloning and expression of a multiubiquitin chain binding subunit of the human 26S protease

S5a is a subunit of the 26S protease that binds and presumably selects multiubiquitinated proteins for destruction. We recently identified an Arabidopsis protein, MBP1, that is physically, immunologically and biochemically similar to S5a from the human erythrocyte 26S protease. Based upon the MBP1 cDNA sequence we have now isolated a HeLa cell cDNA coding for human S5a. The HeLa cDNA sequence is highly similar to MBP1 and it encodes peptides obtained directly from human erythrocyte S5a. Moreover, expression of the isolated cDNA in E. coli results in a recombinant protein with an apparent molecular mass and multiubiquitin binding properties that match those of human S5a obtained from the purified 26S enzyme.
Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in cell free seminal plasma: comparison of NASBA™ with Amplicor™ reverse transcription-PCR amplification and correlation with quantitative culture

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is transmitted by infected males in semen. However, the inoculum required for infection is unknown. The ability to collect such information will rely on the availability of reliable quantitative assays of HIV-1 in semen. We examined the comparative performance of NASBA and Amplicor Monitor RT-PCR in quantifying HIV-1 RNA in cell free seminal plasma from seropositive men and correlated the results obtained with viral titres measured by a seminal cell quantitative microculture (QMC) assay. Of samples analysed, 68% and 56% by both NASBA and RT-PCR contained measurable HIV-1 RNA, respectively. Amplification inhibition frequently affected RT-PCR but not NASBA. Excluding samples with complete RT-PCR inhibition, there was 90% qualitative concordance and a strong positive correlation (r = 0.86) of RNA levels measured by the two methods. Comparison of the concentration of HIV-1 RNA in seminal plasma samples, as measured by NASBA, with QMC viral titres indicated that RNA levels probably reflect the infectiousness of whole semen. NASBA is a reliable technique for quantitating HIV-1 RNA in seminal plasma and should become a valuable tool in the study of factors that influence the sexual transmission of HIV.