cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making Sense of Intimate Partner Violence in Late Life: Comments From Online News Readers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to gain insight into public awareness of intimate partner violence (IPV) in late life by how individuals respond to incidents of IPV reported in the newspaper. DESIGN AND METHODS: Using grounded theory techniques, online news items covering 24 incidents of IPV in late life, and the reader comments posted to them were analyzed. The news items were examined for incident details, story framing, and reporting style. An open coding process (Charmaz, K. [2006]. Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.) was used to generate a comprehensive understanding of themes and patterns in the comments posted by readers. RESULTS: Few posters indicated that incidents were episodes of IPV. As many posters struggled to make sense of incidents, they attempted to remove guilt from the perpetrator by assigning blame elsewhere. Comments were influenced by personal assumptions and perspectives about IPV, relationships, and old age; reporting style of the news items; and comments posted by other posters. IMPLICATIONS: Altering public views of IPV in late life requires raising awareness through education, reframing the ways in which information is presented, and placing greater emphasis on the context of the violence. By engaging interactive news media, reporters, participatory journalists, and policymakers can enhance public recognition and understanding of IPV in late life. Language: en
Progress and Challenges in Understanding Planar Cell Polarity Signaling

During development, epithelial cells in some tissues acquire a polarity orthogonal to their apical-basal axis. This polarity, referred to as planar cell polarity (PCP), or tissue polarity, is essential for the normal physiological function of many epithelia. Early studies of PCP focused on insect epithelia (Lawrence, 1966 [1]), and the earliest genetic analyses were carried out in Drosophila (Held et al., 1986; Gubb and Garcia-Bellido, 1982 [2,3]). Indeed, most of our mechanistic understanding of PCP derives from the ongoing use of Drosophila as a model system. However, a range of medically important developmental defects and physiological processes are under the control of PCP mechanisms that appear to be at least partially conserved, driving considerable interest in studying PCP both in Drosophila and in vertebrate model systems. Here, I present a model of the PCP signaling mechanism based on studies in Drosophila. I highlight two areas in which our understanding is deficient, and which lead to current confusion in the literature. Future studies that shed light on these areas will substantially enhance our understanding of the fascinating yet challenging problem of understanding the mechanisms that generate PCP.
A high voltage high power (HiVP) class-E power amplifier at VHF

Summary form only given, as follows. A four stage cascoded class-E power amplifier based on a high voltage / high power technique (HiVP) technique has been designed and implemented. The amplifier is fabricated using four separate flanged LDMOS transistors. Drain voltage has been reduced to increase the maximum frequency of class-E operation mode and to reduce the maximum drain voltage swing to protect the transistor from breakdown. Measurement results show 69% power-added efficiency (PAE), 30.1 dB of gain and 51.8 W output power.
An efficient reconstruction method for nonuniform attenuation compensation in nonparallel beam geometries based on Novikov's explicit inversion formula

This paper investigates an accurate reconstruction method to invert the attenuated Radon transform in nonparallel beam (NPB) geometries. The reconstruction method contains three major steps: 1) performing one-dimensional phase-shift rebinning; 2) implementing nonuniform Hilbert transform; and 3) applying Novikov's explicit inversion formula. The method seems to be adaptive to different settings of fan-beam geometry from very long to very short focal lengths without sacrificing reconstruction accuracy. Compared to the conventional bilinear rebinning technique, the presented method showed a better spatial resolution, as measured by modulation transfer function. Numerical experiments demonstrated its computational efficiency and stability to different levels of Poisson noise. Even with complicated geometries such as varying focal-length and asymmetrical fan-beam collimation, the presented method achieved nearly the same reconstruction quality of parallel-beam geometry. This effort can facilitate quantitative reconstruction of single photon emission computed tomography for cardiac imaging, which may need NPB collimation geometries and require high computational efficiency.
Reader-Writer Synchronization for Shared-Memory Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems

Reader preference, writer preference, and task-fair reader writer locks are shown to cause undue blocking in multiprocessor real-time systems. A new phase-fair reader-writer lock is proposed as an alternative that significantly reduces worst case blocking for readers and an efficient local-spin implementation is provided. Both task- and phase-fair locks are evaluated and contrasted to mutex locks in terms of hard and soft real-time schedulability under consideration of runtime overheads on a multicore computer.
Glutathione S-transferase copy number variation alters lung gene expression

The glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes catalyse the conjugation of xenobiotics to glutathione. Based on reports that inherited copy number variations (CNVs) modulate some GST gene expression levels, and that the small airway epithelium (SAE) and alveolar macrophages (AMs) are involved early in the pathogenesis of smoking-induced lung disease, we asked: do germline CNVs modulate GST expression levels in SAE and AMs? Microarrays were used to survey GST gene expression and determine CNVs genotypes in SAE and AMs obtained by bronchoscopy from current smokers and nonsmokers. 26% of subjects were null for both GSTM1 alleles, with reduced GSTM1 mRNA levels seen in both SAE and AMs. 30% of subjects had homozygous deletions of GSTT1, with reduced mRNA levels in both tissues. Interestingly, GSTT2B exhibited homozygous deletion in the blood of 27% of subjects and was not expressed in SAE in the remainder of subjects, but was expressed in AMs of heterozygotes and wild-type subjects, proportionate to genotype. These data show a germline CNV-mediated linear relationship of genotype with expression level, suggesting minimal compensation of gene expression levels in heterozygotes, consistent with GST polymorphisms playing a role in the risk of smoking-associated, xenobiotic-induced lung disease.
Resolving the tension between integrity and security using a theorem prover

Some information in databases and knowledge bases often needs to be protected from disclosure to certain users. Traditional solutions involving multi-level mechanisms are threatened by the user's ability to infer higher level information from the semantics of the application. We concentrate on the revelation of secrets through a user running transactions in the presence of database integrity constraints. We develop a method of specifying secrets formally that not only exposes a useful structure and equivalence among secrets but also allows a theorem prover to detect certain security lapses during transaction compilation time.
High development cost and software piracy: a study of motives

Every year, software piracy costs billions of dollars to organisations using software as well as those producing software. This has been intensified with the ever-increasing ease, speed, and ubiquity with which information – and software – in our hyper-connected world can be shared. This study investigates how computing students, as the future technologists and professionals, approach the piracy issue. We introduce a conceptual model for software piracy motives, derive a number of relevant hypotheses about these motives, and apply statistical tests to evaluate their validity. Among other findings, results from this study indicate that the high cost of software is a major motive for software piracy, but it cannot be directly addressed, as today’s software engineering methods, in spite of all the advances made in the discipline over the past few decades, are still not efficient enough to produce software at a substantially lower cost. This suggest a need for, and we hope opens us a discussion on, new models of software and information ownership with less economic burden for individuals.
The impact of activity interventions on the well-being of older adults in continuing care communities

As the U.S. population ages, interventions are needed to ensure quality of life continues as boomers enter assisted and independent living communities (AICs). These transitions can significantly affect quality of life. Activity and continuity theories maintain that participation in discretionary/informal activities is crucial for psychosocial health and well-being (aspects of quality of life). This study evaluates the impacts of participation in discretionary activities on life satisfaction, social isolation, and loneliness, using data from a longitudinal study of older adults in AICs. Older adults who participated in 8 weeks of discretionary activities reported greater life satisfaction and lower levels of social isolation compared with non-participants. Forming alliances and group identities is the key for building new relationships and maintaining relationships in the community. Determining the impact participation in activities has on residents is vital to being able to help develop a more comprehensive understanding of how quality of life can be maintained in AICs.
HOW HIGH PERFORMANCE HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES AND WORKFORCE UNIONIZATION AFFECT MANAGERIAL PAY

Using data from a nationally representative sample of telecommunications establishments, this study finds that HR practices and workforce unionization influence managerial pay levels and the ratio of manager-to-worker pay. High performance HR practices, including investment in the skills of the workforce, in computer-based technologies and in performance-based worker pay practices, are all positively related to managerial pay; but the use of workforce teams, which shift some managerial responsibilities to workers, has the opposite association. High performance HR practices also are associated with lower manager-to-worker pay differentials. In addition, workforce unionization is positively associated with managerial pay levels, with worker base pay mediating the relationship between managers' pay and unionization.
Dairy Intake Is Associated with Lower Body Fat and Soda Intake with Greater Weight in Adolescent Girls

Body fat and weight of 9- to 14-y-old girls (n = 323) from Kaiser Permanente were studied in relation to age, ethnicity, and physical activity. Mean age, calcium intake, weight, and iliac skinfold thickness were 11.5 +/- 1.4 y, 736.5 +/- 370.7 mg/d, 44.6 +/- 13.0 kg, and 12.4 +/- 6.1 mm, respectively. Multiple regression with age, ethnicity, height, Tanner breast stage, physical activity, energy, soda, and calcium intake explained 17% of the variation in iliac skinfold thickness. Calcium intake, age, and physical activity were significantly negatively associated with iliac skinfold thickness whereas height, Tanner breast stage, and Pacific Islander ethnicity were significantly positively associated (P < 0.0001, R(2) = 0.165). Substituting total calcium with dairy and nondairy calcium in separate models accounted for 16 and 15% of the variance, respectively (P < 0.0001, both models); 1 mg of total and dairy calcium was significantly associated with 0.0025 mm (P = 0.01) and 0.0026 mm (P = 0.02) lower iliac skinfold thickness. Thus, 1 milk serving was associated with 0.78 mm iliac skinfold thickness. The interaction of Asian ethnicity and dairy intake was significant (P = 0.027). Nondairy calcium was not associated with weight or iliac skinfold thickness. Soda intake was significantly positively associated with weight in both models (P = 0.01, both models). Decreasing soda and increasing dairy consumption among Asians may help maintain body fat and weight during adolescence.
Comparison of patients rehospitalized for heart failure with versus without a history of habitual alcohol consumption

Alcohol paradoxically is known to have a protective and a deleterious effect on the heart. The effect of alcoholism on the growing problem of heart failure (HF) readmissions is not known. This study addressed this issue with a population of adult patients (>20 years old) who were readmitted for HF within 30 days after a hospitalization for HF at a university hospital in West Texas for a period of 5 years. Of the 204 patients with HF who were readmitted, 130 were admitted for HF exacerbations and 74 for unrelated medical conditions. Seventy-two (55%) were men, and the patients' mean age was 67 ± 15 years. Only 32 patients (24%) had a history of alcoholism. The mean age was significantly lower in patients with a history of alcoholism than in those without (62 ± 11 vs. 67 ± 15 years; P = 0.03), and there were more men in the group with a history of alcoholism (78% vs. 52%; P = 0.006). The mean ejection fraction was significantly lower in patients with a history of alcoholism than in those without (35 ± 19% vs. 39 ± 16%, P = 0.04). The length of stay was slightly longer in patients with a history of alcoholism, although the difference was not statistically significant (6 ± 5 vs. 5 ± 4 days; P = 0.52). Although alcohol contributed to only less than one quarter of hospital admissions, these patients were relatively younger and were predominantly males, compared to the sex-matched distribution of patients without a history of alcoholism.
Simulating the mid-Pleistocene transition through regolith removal

Abstract Quaternary δ18O ice-volume proxy records show a transition from high frequency, small-amplitude glacial cycles to low frequency, large-amplitude glacial cycles. This reorganization of the climate system, termed the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT), is thought to reflect a change in land-ice response to orbital forcing, despite no significant change in orbital cycles during this period. One potential explanation for the MPT proposes that gradual erosion of high-latitude northern hemisphere regolith by multiple cycles of glaciation caused a transition in ice sheet response to external forcing. Here, we explore this “regolith hypothesis” using a complex Earth system model. We show that simulating a transition from deformable sediment to crystalline bedrock produces an evolution in ice-volume response similar to proxy reconstructions of the MPT. The simulated change in ice-volume response is due to a combination of climate and ice-flow changes, with crystalline bedrock producing thicker, colder ice sheets that accumulate more snowfall and have a smaller ablation zone. Further, experiments that include transient eccentricity-amplifying CO2 forcing show only small differences in ice response compared to those with orbital forcing only, suggesting that cycles of CO2 were not the primary cause of the MPT.
Mechanical properties of 3D re-entrant honeycomb auxetic structures realized via additive manufacturing

In this work, an analytical model of a 3D re-entrant honeycomb auxetic cellular structure has been established based on both a large deflection beam model and a Timoshenko beam model. Analytical solutions for the modulus, Poisson’s ratios and yield strength of the cellular structure in all principal directions were obtained, which indicate a wide range of mechanical property control via geometrical designs. The results were compared with experimentation and finite element analysis, and it was verified that the analytical model provides a convenient and relatively accurate method in the prediction of the performance for the auxetic cellular structures once the manufacturing related factors are adequately incorporated into the model. It was also found that the model provides less accurate predictions when higher-order coupling effects such as warp locking becomes significant under lower structural symmetry.
Hypothesis Testing in the 20th Century with a Special Reference to Testing with Misspecified Models

This century and the history of modern statistics began with Karl Pearson's, [181], (1900)goodness-of-fit test, one of the most important breakthroughs in science. The basic motivation behind this test was to see whether an assumed probability model adequately described the data at hand. Then, over the first half of this century we saw the developments of some general principles of testing, such as Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson's,[159], (1928) likelihood ratio test, Neyman's,[155], (1937) smooth test, Abraham Wald's test in 1943 and C.R. Rao's score test in 1948. All these tests were developed under the assumption that the underlying model is correctly specified. Trygve Haavelmo,[99], (1944) termed this underlying model as the priori admissible hypothesis. Although Ronald Fisher,[80], (1922) identified the "Problem of Specification" as one of the most fundamental problems in statistics much earlier, Haavelmo was probably the first to draw the attention to the consequences of misspecification of the priori admissible hypothesis on the standard hypothesis testing procedures. We will call this the type-III error. In this paper, we will deal with a number of ways that an assumed probability model can be misspecified, and discuss how some of the standard tests could be modified to make them valid under various misspecification.
The Writing Cube: Composition Theory in 3-D

This work in progress presents an overview of a model for writing that allows teachers to incorporate multiple theories into a unified approach to teaching and critiquing writing.
Insight into the epitaxial growth of high optical quality GaAs1–xBix

The ternary alloy GaAs1–xBix is a potentially important material for infrared light emitting devices, but its use has been limited by poor optical quality. We report on the synthesis of GaAs1–xBix epi-layers that exhibit narrow, band edge photoluminescence similar to other ternary GaAs based alloys, e.g., InyGa1–yAs. The measured spectral linewidths are as low as 14 meV and 37 meV at low temperature (6 K) and room temperature, respectively, and are less than half of previously reported values. The improved optical quality is attributed to the use of incident UV irradiation of the epitaxial surface and the presence of a partial surface coverage of bismuth in a surfactant layer during epitaxy. Comparisons of samples grown under illuminated and dark conditions provide insight into possible surface processes that may be altered by the incident UV light. The improved optical quality now opens up possibilities for the practical use of GaAs1–xBix in optoelectronic devices.
Development of Self Regulation Skills and Academic Self-Efficacy Beliefs

In engineering and technology education, increasing concerns about student retention have led educators to pursue possible explanations for students’ academic successes and failures. Educators need to maintain students’ learning interest and motivation and increase their self-efficacy and learning persistence. Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) is a specific form of learning. “Self-regulated” describes a process of taking control of and evaluating one’s own learning and behavior. SRL is guided by meta-cognition, strategic action, and motivation to learn. With SRL, students can evaluate their study and learning strategies. Self-regulated learners also hold incremental beliefs about intelligence and attribute their successes or failures to factors within their control. The application of self-regulation to learning is a complicated process involving not only the awareness and application of learning strategies but also extensive reflection and self-awareness. Training programs that promote SRL have been found to be beneficial for students’ learning. This paper describes the design and development of the SRL instructional strategies, their implementation, and the evaluation of their effectiveness. Students also learned about the brain and how it forms new connections every time they learn something new. The outcomes are provided and recommendations are discussed.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Removal of War Production Board Controls on Business, 1944–1946 *

Inter-agency argument within the government and indecision and disagreement among businessmen over the demobilization of America's wartime economic controls are considered in this study of government-business relations.
A Volumetric Approach to Wake Reduction: Design, Optimization, and Experimental Verification

Wake reduction is a crucial link in the chain leading to undetectable watercraft. Here, we explore a volumetric approach to controlling the wake in a stationary flow past cylindrical and spherical objects. In this approach, these objects are coupled with rigid, fluid-permeable structures prescribed by a macroscopic design approach where all solid boundaries are parameterized and modeled explicitly. Local, gradient-based optimization is employed which permits topological changes in the manifold describing the composite solid component(s) while still allowing the use of adjoint optimization methods. This formalism works below small Reynolds number (Re) turbulent flow (–10,000) when simulated using small Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models. The output of this topology optimization yields geometries that can be fabricated immediately using fused deposition modeling (FDM). Our prototypes have been verified in an experimental water tunnel facility, where the use of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) described the velocity profile. Comparisons with our computational models show excellent agreement for the spherical shapes and reasonable match for cylindrical shapes, with well-understood sources of error. Two important figures of merit are considered: domain-wide wake (DWW) and maximum local wake (MLW), metrics of the flow field disturbance whose definitions are described.
Characteristics of hemagglutinin gene of influenza B virus in first half of 2009 in Ningbo

Objective:To understand the genetic variation and evolutionary destribution of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza B virus prevalent in Ningbo in the first half of 2009.Methods:Viruses isolated from MDCK cell were identified with hemagglutination(HA) and hemagglutination inhibition(HAI) tests,then the viral HA gene was extracted and amplified by RT-PCR before sequencing.Results:21 influenza B viruses obtained in the first half of 2009 were Victoria-lineage and resulted in a epidemic peak on May or June.There were two different epidemic virus strains according to the rusult of sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin(HA1) genes,and the new virus strain has 6 amino acids replaced comparing with B/Malaysia/2506/2004.Conclusion:Victoria-lineage viruse strains is the dominant strain,and the hemagglutinin gene of the strain is altered in some way.
Novel method to alter length and load in isolated mammalian cardiac myocytes

We have devised a novel technique enabling reversible gradations in the resting and contraction length of intact mammalian ventricular myocytes of up to 15-18% over slack length. Enzymatically isolated single cells are embedded in a transparent, elastic, cross-linked fibrin matrix, contained within a narrow elastic tube. Reversible gradations in cell length are produced via fibrin matrix stretch, produced by stretching the tube. Simultaneous measurement of cell length, edge motion, and indo 1 fluorescence during auxotonic contractions permits characterization of cell contractile function. Although force cannot be directly measured, the time integral of contractile force (i.e., relative contractile impulse, a contractile index that is independent of shortening constraints) is derived combining myocyte shortening and matrix loading. Relatively small degrees of myocyte stretch produce a lightly afterloaded model dominated by variations in preload in which there is parallel augmentation of shortening and contractile impulse (force) development. At higher degrees of stretch, significant afterloading is introduced, resulting in the development of an inverse relationship between shortening and impulse (approaching isometric conditions). Length-dependent Ca2+ myofilament activation and load-dependent relaxation are readily demonstrated in intact isolated mammalian ventricular myocytes.
Surgical Treatment of Bony and Soft-Tissue Impingement in Total Ankle Arthroplasty.

Background. Impingement may be an underreported problem following modern total ankle replacements (TARs). The etiology of impingement is unclear and likely multifactorial. Because of the lack of co...
Nonhydrolytic sol-gel approach to facile creation of surface-bonded zirconia organic-inorganic hybrid coatings for sample preparation. Ι. Capillary microextraction of catecholamine neurotransmitters.

Abstract Nonhydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) route was used for the creation of novel zirconia-polypropylene oxide (ZrO2-PPO) sol-gel hybrid sorbents in the form of surface coatings for the extraction and preconcentration of catecholamine neurotransmitters and molecules structurally related to their deaminated metabolites. In comparison to other sorbents made of inorganic transition metal oxides, the presented hybrid organic-inorganic sorbents facilitated reversible sorption properties that allowed for efficient desorption of the extracted analytes by LC–MS compatible mobile phases. The presented sol-gel hybrid sorbents effectively overcame the major drawbacks of traditional silica- or polymer-based sorbents by providing superior pH stability (pH range: 0–14), and a variety of intermolecular interactions. Nonaqueous sol-gel treatment of PPO with ZrCl4 was employed for the derivatization of the terminal hydroxyl groups on PPO, providing zirconium trichloride-containing end groups characterized by enhanced sol-gel reactivity. NHSG ZrO2-PPO sorbent provided excellent microextraction performance for catecholamines, low detection limits (5.6–9.6 pM), high run-to-run reproducibility (RSD 0.6–5.1%), high desorption efficiency (95.0–99.5%) and high enrichment factors (∼1480–2650) for dopamine and epinephrine, respectively, extracted from synthetic urine samples. The presented sol-gel sorbents provided effective alternative to conventional extraction media providing unique physicochemical characteristics and excellent extraction capability.
OKT3 and H57-597: From Discovery, to Commercialization, to the Clinic.

![][1] Monoclonal Abs to major components of the immune system are completely taken for granted now; however, at the time of their initial development, they opened broad new vistas on immune biology. The two papers featured in this installment of Pillars of Immunology , published in 1980
The Impact of Endowment Shocks on Payouts

Universities’ endowment management practices have come under scrutiny by politicians and commentators who note that universities are tax-exempt, and do not want taxpayers subsidizing institutions o...
Die Zukunft der Vergangenheit: Richard Oelze (1900-1980) and Post-war Reflection

The Surrealist artist Richard Oelze's postwar enterprise was one of inner reflection and personal questioning linked to the broader project of coming to terms with the past. The essay takes a critical view of his artworks and his automatist "Wortskizzen" to assess the manner and extent to which Oelze utilizes his artistic practice as a mode of working through his, and Germany's, complicity with the Nazi regime. Analysis of the "Wortskizzen" exposes how verbal probing informs Oelze's visual expression of inner turmoil, while implied gaps and voids in paintings and drawings puncture space as well as time, illuminating memory and blending the past with the present. Oelze's serious play with word and image in turn invites his viewers to release repressed memories through reflective contemplation.
The Influence of Business Students’ Listening Styles on Their Compassion and Self-Compassion:

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the four listening styles of business communication students on their demonstration of compassion for others and themselves. A sample of 38...
Identifying Children's Fidget Object Preferences: Toward Exploring the Impacts of Fidgeting and Fidget-Friendly Tangibles

Fidgeting involves interacting with objects using repetitive hand movements. Before you can study its effects, you must first study the objects with which people choose to fidget. We present the findings of our five-phase three-month study with 28 children, 24 parents, and 2 teachers examining fidget material qualities and inherent interactions children gravitate towards when fidgeting and what, if any, connections can be made between their emotional state or activity when fidgeting and their fidget interactions/materials preferences. Our study included structured interviews, observations during usage, and design workshops. We present novel insights concerning fidget object preferences, across factors including materials, interactions, stealth, durability and sound, which together can act as guidelines in the development of educational, experimental and utility tangibles for children. For example, children tend to prefer a fidget item with inherent squeezing interactions when they are angry and clicking/pressing/tapping interactions when they are bored.
Fourier Transform Methods

The purpose of this chapter is to study the frequency content of data recorded as a function of time and which includes repetitive events. It will be shown that such data can be considered as being composed of a number of sinusoidal functions and an approximation function consisting of such may be fitted using least-squares.
Raw, roast or half-baked? Hogarth’s beef in Calais Gate:

Scholars of human–animal studies, literary criticism and art history have paid considerable attention of late to how the visual representation of nonhuman animals has often and sometimes to great e...
Apobec1 complementation factor (A1CF) and RBM47 interact in tissue-specific regulation of C to U RNA editing in mouse intestine and liver

Mammalian C to U RNA is mediated by APOBEC1, the catalytic deaminase, together with RNA binding cofactors (including A1CF and RBM47) whose relative physiological requirements are unresolved. Although A1CF complements APOBEC1 for in vitro RNA editing, A1cf -/- mice exhibited no change in apolipoproteinB (apoB) RNA editing, while Rbm47 mutant mice exhibited impaired intestinal RNA editing of apoB as well as other targets. Here we examined the role of A1CF and RBM47 in adult mouse liver and intestine, following deletion of either one or both gene products and also following forced (liver or intestinal) transgenic A1CF expression. There were minimal changes in hepatic and intestinal apoB RNA editing in A1cf -/- mice and no changes in either liver- or intestine-specific A1CF transgenic mice. Rbm47 liver-specific knockout (Rbm47 LKO ) mice demonstrated reduced editing in a subset (11 of 20) of RNA targets, including apoB. By contrast, apoB RNA editing was virtually eliminated (<6% activity) in intestine-specific (Rbm47 IKO ) mice with only five of 53 targets exhibiting C-to-U RNA editing. Double knockout of A1cf and Rbm47 in liver (AR LKO ) eliminated apoB RNA editing and reduced editing in the majority of other targets, with no changes following adenoviral APOBEC1 administration. Intestinal double knockout mice (AR IKO ) demonstrated further reduced editing (<10% activity) in four of five of the residual APOBEC1 targets identified in AR IKO mice. These data suggest that A1CF and RBM47 each function independently, yet interact in a tissue-specific manner, to regulate the activity and site selection of APOBEC1 dependent C-to-U RNA editing.
FauxBuster: A Content-free Fauxtography Detector Using Social Media Comments

With the increasing popularity of online social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, Reddit), the detection of misleading content on social media has become a critical undertaking. This paper focuses on an important but largely unsolved problem: detecting fauxtography (i.e., social media posts with misleading images). We found that the existing literature falls short in solving this problem. In particular, current solutions either focus on the detection of fake images or misinformed texts of a social media post. However, they cannot solve our problem because the detection of fauxtography depends not only on the truthfulness of the images and the texts but also on the information they deliver together on the posts. In this paper, we develop the FauxBuster, an end-to-end supervised learning scheme that can effectively track down fauxtography by exploring the valuable clues from user’s comments of a post on social media. The FauxBuster is content-free in that it does not rely on the analysis of the actual content of the images, and hence is robust against malicious uploaders who can intentionally modify the presentation and description of the images. We evaluate FauxBuster on real-world data collected from two mainstream social media platforms - Reddit and Twitter. Results show that our scheme is both effective and efficient in addressing the fauxtography problem.
Where All the Good Teachers Are Cape Verdean Americans: A White Teacher's Identity Positionings in an Urban Elementary School.

This study examines how a white language teacher’s understanding of race affected her teaching practice in an urban elementary language classroom with predominantly Cape Verdean immigrant students. The teacher relied on her experiences teaching English in Namibia and her experiences learning Spanish in the United States and Afrikaans in Namibia to ground her practice, which focused on cultural difference and standard English language teaching without specific reference to race in the context of the United States. I adopt the theory of LangCrit, an intersection between Critical Race Theory, Critical Language Studies, and Positioning Theory, to first demonstrate that the teacher’s justifications of her teaching practices were contradictory and conflicting, and in fact shows how, despite her good intentions, whiteness is imposed, assumed, or negotiated in the context of urban language classrooms. Based on these findings, I suggest possibilities for and constraints on using critical theory-oriented praxis in the classroom grounded in teachers’ personal experiences to help teachers interrogate and disrupt whiteness in language classrooms. Without greater support from critically-oriented urban teacher educators, many white teachers with the best of intentions will continue to struggle in their search for culturally responsive and empowering pedagogies for immigrant English learners of color in urban school settings.
Greener and rapid access to bio-active heterocycles: room temperature synthesis of pyrazoles and diazepines in aqueous medium

Abstract An expeditious room temperature synthesis of pyrazoles and diazepines by condensation of hydrazines/hydrazides and diamines with various 1,3-diketones is described. This greener protocol was catalyzed by polystyrene supported sulfonic acid (PSSA) and proceeded efficiently in water in the absence of any organic solvent within 1–2 min.
Efficacy and Safety of 4% Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Leaf Extract Ointment as an Adjunct Treatment to Compression Stockings on the Closure of Venous Leg Ulcers: A Pilot Study.

Introduction Venous leg ulcers (VLUs), the most common leg ulceration worldwide, are caused by venous hypertension due to venous reflux, the failure of the calf muscle to pump, and venous flow obstruction. They are associated with a reduced quality of life, particularly in relation to pain and physical function. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is commonly employed because of its many medicinal properties, and studies have shown Hibiscus contains phytochemicals that have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties that promote wound healing. Objective The authors evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4% gumamela leaf extract ointment in the closure of VLUs among patients seen in a dermatology outpatient department in the Philippines. Materials and methods The study included male or female patients with leg ulcers confirmed by duplex scan to be venous in origin and willing to have elastic compression therapy. Patients were instructed to clean the wound with normal saline solution and to apply the extract twice daily. The study was conducted for 12 weeks or until wound closure. Wounds were evaluated and photographed at baseline and every subsequent 2 weeks. Efficacy of therapy was evaluated based on ulcer area size using planimetry method at each visit. Safety was assessed using a 4-point grading system to monitor possible adverse reactions, namely pruritus, rash, burning, and urticaria. Results Twelve patients were included in the study; 5 patients had an initial ulcer area of ⟩ 10 cm2 and 7 had an initial ulcer area of ≤ 10 cm2. By the end of the study, 10 patients (83.3%) achieved complete ulcer closure in ⟨ 12 weeks, 1 patient (8.3%) had a decrease in ulcer area ⟩ 50% by week 12, and 1 patient (8.3%) had ⟨ 50% decrease in ulcer area at the end of the study. Conclusions Data showed compression stockings with 4% gumamela leaf extract ointment application could close VLUs in ⟨ 12 weeks. Applied with compression stockings, the ointment shows potential use in VLU management.
Archaeological Recovery of Identity

This article provides discussion and commentary on the theoretical and methodological contributions provided by the studies included in this thematic collection of articles entitled “Refuge and Sup...
GluA1 in Central Amygdala Promotes Opioid Use and Reverses Inhibitory Effect of Pain.

Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that long-term opioids and pain induce similar adaptive changes in the brain’s reward circuits, however, how pain alters the addictive properties of opioids remains poorly understood. In this study using a rat model of morphine self-administration (MSA), we found that short-term pain, induced by an intraplantar injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), acutely decreased voluntary morphine intake, but not food intake, only at a morphine dose that did not affect pain itself. Pre-treatment with indomethacin, a non-opioid inhibitor of pain, before the pain induction blocked the decrease in morphine intake. In rats with steady MSA, the protein level of GluA1 subunits of glutamate AMPA receptors (AMPARs) was significantly increased, but that of GluA2 was decreased, resulting in an increased GluA1/GluA2 ratio in central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). In contrast, pain decreased the GluA1/GluA2 ratio in the CeA of rats with MSA. Microinjection of NASPM, a selective inhibitor of homomeric GluA1-AMPARs, into CeA inhibited morphine intake. Furthermore, viral overexpression of GluA1 protein in CeA maintained morphine intake at a higher level than controls and reversed the pain-induced reduction in morphine intake. These findings suggest that CeA GluA1 promotes opioid use and its upregulation is sufficient to increase opioid consumption, which counteracts the acute inhibitory effect of pain on opioid intake. These results demonstrate that the CeA GluA1 is a shared target of opioid and pain in regulation of opioid use, which may aid in future development of therapeutic applications in opioid abuse.
Viscoelastic characterization of diabetic and non-diabetic human adipose tissue

Background Obesity-induced chronic inflammation and fibrosis in adipose tissue contributes to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). While fibrosis is known to induce mechanical stiffening of numerous tissue types, it is unknown whether DM is associated with alterations in adipose tissue mechanical properties. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate whether DM is associated with differences in bulk viscoelastic properties of adipose tissue from diabetic (DM) and non-diabetic (NDM) obese subjects. Methods Bulk shear rheology was performed on visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue, collected from obese subjects undergoing elective bariatric surgery. Rheology was also performed on the remaining extracellular matrix (ECM) from decellularized VAT (VAT ECM). Linear mixed models were used to assess whether correlations existed between adipose tissue mechanical properties and DM status, sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Results DM was not associated with significant differences in adipose tissue viscoelastic properties for any of the tissue types investigated. Tissue type dependent differences were however detected, with VAT having significantly lower shear storage and loss moduli than SAT and VAT ECM independent of DM status. Conclusion Although DM is typically associated with adipose tissue fibrosis, it is not associated with differences in macroscopic adipose tissue mechanical properties.
Mechanics of Polymer Networks with Dynamic Bonds

Incorporation of dynamic, reversible bonds into the polymer network of soft gels has been exploited as a strategy to enhance fracture toughness and to enable self-healing. Gels with dynamic bonds often exhibit macroscopic viscoelasticity which can be traced back to the kinetics of bond dissociation and reformation. This chapter discusses recent efforts in developing constitutive models to connect the molecular-level bond kinetics to the continuum-level viscoelasticity. Two different modeling approaches are described using a model system, i.e., hydrogel with dynamic physical crosslinks and static chemical crosslinks. Both approaches are based on the theoretical framework of continuum mechanics and thermodynamics and aim to quantify how the total network free energy is governed by macroscopic deformation and molecular kinetics. In the first approach, the network is treated as a collection of polymer chains formed at different instants along the loading history. These chains experience different extent of deformation and thus carry different free energy. The total free energy is the sum of contributions from all chains. The second approach considers a statistical distribution of the chain end-to-end vectors, which evolves upon macroscopic deformation and reaction of dynamic bonds. The total free energy is calculated by integrating the single-chain free energy over the chain distribution space. These two approaches, capable of capturing the time-dependent mechanical behaviors of hydrogels with reversible crosslinks, can be extended to model the macroscopic mechanics induced by other molecular mechanisms such as bond exchange and chain scission.
The Pathway to Low Outlier Status in Venous Thromboembolism Events: An Analysis of Pancreatic Surgery in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.

Purpose: Our institution's hepatopancreaticobiliary surgery service (HPBS) has demonstrated low rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We sought to determine whether the HPBS's regimented multimoda...
The Deception Spiral: Corporate Obfuscation Leads to Perceptions of Immorality and Cheating Behavior:

In four studies, we evaluated how corporate misconduct relates to language patterns, perceptions of immorality, and unethical behavior. First, we analyzed nearly 190 codes of conduct from S&P 500 m...
Economic regulation and E-scooter networks in the USA

Abstract This paper looks at the challenges in the economic regulation of stand-up electronic scooters, or “e-scooters”. The e-scooter represents one of several innovative modes that have emerged to cater for transportation needs in urban areas. They provide connectivity linking local origins and destinations, as well as interconnectivity linking urban locations to inter-urban networks. These vehicles are marketed as a micro form of public transportation designed to meet the needs of fit and able people wishing to make trips of two miles or less. They are touted as part of “micromobility” complementing existing transportation networks. This paper reviews the gray and limited academic economic literature looking at the viability and economics of e-scooters within the context of the regulatory environment in which they operate in US cities. It considers the ways regulatory structures are evolving as the authorities learn of the attributes and limitations of the mode. In doing this, the paper also makes comparisons with some of the other “novel” forms of local transportation that have emerged, including those offered by transportation network companies. The paper focuses on the pre-Covid-19 period.
Early Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment using Neuropsychological Data and Machine Learning Techniques

Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have a much higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or other types of dementia. Early detection of MCI is critical to identify these high-risk candidates for proper management and early interventional treatment. In this paper, a neuropsychological dataset from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), one of the largest public AD database, was used. Four different machine learning algorithms were investigated to classify MCI from demographically matched cognitively normal (CN) older adults. In total, there were 620 subjects, including 391 MCI and 229 CN. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered to all subjects, and 3 tests were selected for this study: Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). Of all the classifiers tested, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier with radial basis function (RBF) kernel had the best performance for MCI detection, with an average classification accuracy of 88.06% and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.945.
Predictors of need for catheterisation and urinary retention after radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder in male patients

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of catheterisation and urinary retention in male patients with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy (RC) and orthotopic neobladder (ONB) and to identify potential predictors. Patients and methods Using an Institutional Review Board approved, prospectively maintained bladder cancer database, we collected information using a diversion-related questionnaire from 299 consecutive male patients with bladder cancer upon postoperative clinic visit. Urinary retention was defined as ≥3 catheterisations/day or a self-reported inability to void without a catheter. Uni- and multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of catheterisation and urinary retention. Results Self-catheterisation was reported in 51 patients (17%), of whom, 22 (7.4% of the total patients) were in retention. Freedom from any catheterisation at 3, 5, and 10 years after RC was 85%, 77%, and 62%, respectively. Freedom from retention at 3, 5, and 10 years after RC was 93%, 88%, and 79%, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression showed that higher body mass index (BMI; ≥27 kg/m2 ) significantly increased the need for catheterisation (hazard ratio [HR] 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-4.32) as well as retention (HR 5.20, 95% CI 1.74-15.51). Greater medical comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index score ≥2) correlated with the need for any catheterisation (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.02-3.3), but not retention. Pathological stage and type of diversion were not significant predictors of the need to catheterise or urinary retention. Conclusion In males undergoing RC with ONB, retention requiring catheterisation to void is uncommon. Patients with a BMI of ≥27 kg/m2 are at significantly increased risk of retention and need for self-catheterisation.