cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coprime sampling for nonstationary signal in radar signal processing

Estimating the spectrogram of non-stationary signal relates to many important applications in radar signal processing. In recent years, coprime sampling and array attract attention for their potential of sparse sensing with derivative to estimate autocorrelation coefficients with all lags, which could in turn calculate the power spectrum density. But this theoretical merit is based on the premise that the input signals are wide-sense stationary. In this article, we discuss how to implement coprime sampling for non-stationary signal, especially how to attain the benefits of coprime sampling meanwhile limiting the disadvantages due to lack of observations for estimations. Furthermore, we investigate the usage of coprime sampling for calculating ambiguity function of matched filter in radar system. We also examine the effect of it and conclude several useful guidelines of choosing configuration to conduct the sparse sensing while retain the detection quality.
Reasons for Drug and Alcohol Use by College Students

Interest in examining more precisely the relationships between specific motives for drug and alcohol use and personality prompted the undertaking of this study. By means of a series of canonical correlation analyses, patterns of self-attributed reasons for drug and alcohol use were interrelated to a battery of individual difference variables drawn from the domains of personality needs, daydreaming and mental style, optimal level of stimulation, and locus of control. The findings indicate that drug and alcohol use are linked to individual differences in a more complex way than is typically studied.
Breaking the speed limit in magnetic resonance imaging: an introduction to parallel MRI

Parallel magnetic resonance imaging techniques use spatial information from arrays of radiofrequency detector coils to accelerate imaging. A number of parallel MRI techniques have been described in recent years, and numerous clinical applications are currently being explored. The advent of practical parallel imaging presents various challenges for image reconstruction and RF system design.
Regulation of yeast COX6 by the general transcription factor ABF1 and separate HAP2- and heme-responsive elements.

Abstract Transcription of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae COX6 gene is regulated by heme and carbon source. It is also affected by the HAP2/3/4 transcription factor complex and by SNF1 and SSN6. Previously, we have shown that most of this regulation is mediated through UAS6, an 84-bp upstream activation segment of the COX6 promoter. In this study, by using linker scanning mutagenesis and protein binding assays, we have identified three elements within UAS6 and one element downstream of it that are important. Two of these, HDS1 (heme-dependent site 1; between -269 and -251 bp) and HDS2 (between -228 and -220 bp), mediate regulation of COX6 by heme. Both act negatively. The other two elements, domain 2 (between -279 and -269 bp) and domain 1 (between -302 and -281 bp), act positively. Domain 2 is required for optimal transcription in cells grown in repressing but not derepressing carbon sources. Domain 1 is essential for transcription per se in cells grown on repressing carbon sources, is required for optimal transcription in cells grown on a derepressing carbon source, is sufficient for glucose repression-derepression, and is the element of UAS6 at which HAP2 affects COX6 transcription. This element contains the major protein binding sites within UAS6. It has consensus binding sequences for ABF1 and HAP2. Gel mobility shift experiments show that domain 1 binds ABF1 and forms different numbers of DNA-protein complexes in extracts from cells grown in repressing or derepressing carbon sources. In contrast, gel mobility shift experiments have failed to reveal that HAP2 or HAP3 binds to domain 1 or that hap3 mutations affect the complexes bound to it. Together, these findings permit the following conclusions: COX6 transcription is regulated both positively and negatively; heme and carbon source exert their effects through different sites; domain 1 is absolutely essential for transcription on repressing carbon sources; ABF1 is a major component in the regulation of COX6 transcription; and the HAP2/3/4 complex most likely affects COX6 transcription indirectly.
EnVision: A Web-Based Tool for Scientific Visualization

Scientific visualization is the process of transforming raw numeric data into a visual form, and is a key element of computational science. While many tools exist, they are unnecessarily difficult to use. This complexity increases time to insight and inhibits casual inquiry. The complexity derives from the need to support arbitrarily formatted data and many visualization algorithms. EnVision addresses both sources of complexity. Its design is predicated on two key insights. First, though the number of data file formats is unbounded, the structure of any one can be described using a small number of parameters. Second, the set of visualization algorithms applicable to a given type of data is small, and the subset used within a specific scientific discipline is smaller. EnVision utilizes domain-specific knowledge and user-directed semi-automation to dramatically simplify data importation and visualization algorithm selection. Its web-based interface facilitates access to remote hardware resources and provides a collaborative visualization environment.
RGS4 Polymorphisms Associated With Variability of Cognitive Performance in a Family-Based Schizophrenia Sample

PolymorphismsofthegeneencodingtheregulatorofGprotein signaling, subtype 4 (RGS4), may be associated with schizophrenia. Among first-episode schizophrenia patients, they are also associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)volume.TheDLPFCisakeyregionthatregulates heritable cognitive functions implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis. To further understand the relationship of RGS4 variants to schizophrenia, we examined their associationswithcognitivefunctionsamongschizophreniapatients and their relatives. We analyzed 31 multiplex, multigenerationalCaucasianfamilieswithschizophreniarecruitedonthe basisof2affectedfirst-degreerelatives.Allparticipantsunderwent a computerized neurocognitive battery that evaluates accuracy and speed (response time) of performance on abstraction/mental flexibility; attention; verbal, spatial, andfacememory;andspatialability.‘‘Tag’’single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) representing common polymorphisms were genotyped. Measured genotype analyses accounting for family relationships were performed using Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines. SNPs rs10917670 (‘‘SNP1’’) and rs951439 (‘‘SNP7’’) were associatedwithfacememoryspeed(P 5 .0003)atasignificance level that survived Bonferroni correction (P 5 .039). The same SNPs have earlier been reported to be associated with schizophrenia. There also were uncorrected associations with rs10917670 (‘‘SNP1’’) and rs951439 (‘‘SNP7’’) onfacememoryefficiency(P 5 .03)andverbal memoryefficiency (P 5 0.02), rs28757217 on abstraction/mental flexibility speed (P 5 .02) and verbal memory efficiency (P 5 .03),SNP18(rs2661319)onspatialmemoryaccuracy (P 5 0.02) and face memory speed (P 5 .03). RGS4 polymorphisms are associated with variations in cognitive functions and contribute a small but statistically significant proportion of variance in a family-based sample.
Dynamic measurements of laser light attenuation by cryogen film and frost formation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamics oflaser light attenuation during cryogen spray cooling (CSC). Two detection schemes were used to approximate col]imated and diffuse light transmittance measurements of continuous-wave (?= 594 nm) and pulsed (?= 585 nm) laser light during application of short (20-100 ms duration) cryogen spurts on a glass substrate. High-speed video images were also obtained during CSC. Collimated light transmittance varied considerably during CSC. Comparison of collimated and total transmitted light detection indicated that the diffuse component was substantial. Light attenuation occurred despite transparency of the liquid cryogen layer. Light scattering by cryogen results in a diverging laser beam incident on the skin surface. Since specular reflectance at the cryogen-skin interface may differ for diffuse light, further study of light scattering during CSC is warranted. Due to the differences in optical properties of glass and skin, experiments on skin need to be performed to extrapolate our results to the clinical scenario. For dermatologic procedures such as laser port wine stain and vascular lesion removal, hair removal, and nonablative skin rejuvenation, recommended ?d are 10-80 ms. This range of td appears to be appropriate, although more studies are required to arrive at a definite conclusion.
Relation between dietary fiber consumption and fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study

Considerable evidence suggests that high plasma concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and fibrinogen increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies report beneficial effects of dietary fiber on coronary artery disease, although the mechanisms by which high fiber intake reduces the risk of heart disease are not well understood. This study examined the relation of dietary fiber intake to PAI-1 and fibrinogen concentrations in 883 men and 1116 women aged 50.4 ∠ 13.8 and 52.1 ∠ 13.7 y, respectively, in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Diet was assessed with a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The natural logarithm was used to transform PAI- 1 because of a skewed distribution. In the first through fifth age- and energy-specific quintiles of fiber intake, mean (ln)PAI-1 was 6.09, 5.91, 5.88, 5.82, and 5.67 pmol/L, respectively, for men and 5.50, 5.37, 5.39, 5.23, and 5.18 pmol/L, respectively, for women. Multiple regression showed that when the lowest was compared with the second, third, fourth, and fifth age- and energy-specific quintiles of fiber intake, (ln)PAI-1 was 0.21, 0.25, 0.22, and 0.32 pmol/L lower in men (P for trend = 0.009) and 0.08, 0.06, 0.14, and 0.20 pmol//L lower in women (P for trend = 0.037), respectively, with anthropometric, lifestyle, and metabolic factors adjusted for. No significant association was found between fiber intake and fibrinogen. Waist-hip ratio did not modify the relation of fiber intake to PAI-1 ( P for interaction = 0.39 for men and 0.36 for women). These data suggest that higher fiber intake is inversely associated with PAI- 1, but not with fibrinogen concentration. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:568-75.
Justifying Atrocities The Effect of Moral-Disengagement Strategies on Socially Shared Retrieval-Induced Forgetting

A burgeoning literature has established that exposure to atrocities committed by in-group members triggers moral-disengagement strategies. There is little research, however, on how such moral disengagement affects the degree to which conversations shape people's memories of the atrocities and subsequent justifications for those atrocities. We built on the finding that a speaker's selective recounting of past events can result in retrieval-induced forgetting of related, unretrieved memories for both the speaker and the listener. In the present study, we investigated whether American participants listening to the selective remembering of atrocities committed by American soldiers (in-group condition) or Afghan soldiers (out-group condition) resulted in the retrieval-induced forgetting of unmentioned justifications. Consistent with a motivated-recall account, results showed that the way people's memories are shaped by selective discussions of atrocities depends on group-membership status.
An integrative model of coupled water and solute exchange in the heart

Physiologists have devised many models for interpreting water and solute exchange data in whole organs, but the models have typically neglected key aspects of the underlying physiology to present the simplest possible model for a given experimental situation. We have developed a physiologically realistic model of microcirculatory water and solute exchange and applied it to diverse observations of water and solute exchange in the heart. Model simulations are consistent with the results of osmotic weight transient, tracer indicator dilution, and steady-state lymph sampling experiments. The key model features that permit this unification are the use of an axially distributed blood-tissue exchange region, inclusion of a lymphatic drain in the interstitium, and the independent computation of transcapillary solute and solvent fluxes through three different pathways.
LEAPFROG: Lunar Entry and Approach Platform For Research On Ground

[Abstract] The USC Information Sciences Institute and Astronautics and Space Technology Division LEAPFROG project was conceived as a solution to the challenges associated with the development and testing of lunar landing technologies. This unmanned vehicle borrowed from the Apollo-era Lunar Landing Research Vehicle and more recent Kinetic Kill Vehicles to provide a low cost reusable test bed for technology development. LEAPFROG was envisioned as a three month paper-to-flight project to create a generationzero proof of concept vehicle using COTS components to maintain the lowest possible project cost. The lander was designed around the initial requirements for repeatable three minute untethered flights, COTS component construction, and to be completely built and integrated by students. Secondary requirements included a return to flight time of 15 minutes, translation capability in the X and Y axes, and wireless safe-mode shutdown. LEAPFROG was developed to follow Apollo-like landing approaches using a kerosenepowered JetCat P200 jet engine for hover and descent flight. Lateral and rotational control was provided through 12 cold-gas thrusters. The flight software was developed in Matlab/Simulink. In the event of a flight profile hold, the vehicle could enter a hover mode and maintain a fixed position. A rapid landing safe mode could be triggered from either the ground control unit or an internal flight error loop. Aside from the launch command, the landing safe mode was the only other signal sent to the vehicle, making it completely autonomous. The software was integrated on a Rabbit 3400 microprocessor module interfaced to a very small proprietary INS system which provided GPS, 3-axis accelerometer inputs, and WiFi communications access. The inertial navigation system also contained three Analog Devices MEMS gyros. The system was powered by a combination of LiPolymer and Ni-Cad rechargeable batteries. The vehicle structure was composed of a composite fiberglass laminated foam core bulkhead and four carbon fiber legs. To mitigate impact stresses, crushable landing pads were utilized. This design was inspired by the Surveyor spacecraft, and, aside from the fuel and control gas, the pads were the only nonreusable components on the vehicle. LEAPFROG weighed 20.41 kg (45 pounds), and was 0.76 meters (30 inches) in diameter. This proof of concept was designed as a stepping stone to a generation-one prototype test bed with increased flight time and payload capacity. Though it will maintain many of the core components of the generation-zero vehicle, its
Conflict, strategic management, and public relations

Abstract Public relations will be a viable contributor to strategic management if it has knowledge and experience in the mixed motive model of public relations to include contention, avoidance, compromise, accommodation, cooperation, being unconditionally constructive, win/win or no deal, principled, and mediated. Secondly, membership in top management also depends on the experience and ability of the practitioner to do strategic planning and solve problems for the organization. This assertion incorporates the long-term accumulation of expertise and a relationship with the dominant coalition built on sound judgment and trust.
Economic and social structure for an ageing population.

The driving force behind the improvement in the quality of life, the rising standard of living, improving health, and increasing longevity, is a process called ‘technophysio evolution’ , which began about 300 years ago, accelerated during the twentieth century, and is still in progress. Increased spending on health care and on pensions is an appropriate concomitant of technophysio evolution, and should be welcomed. Only wasteful medical services should be restricted. The resources available now and in the future can provide increasingly long and healthy lives of relative luxury for all. However, methods of financing health care and retirement need to be modernized. In the future luxury will be defined increasingly in terms of spiritual rather than material resources. The test of well–being in the future for both young and old will be measured increasingly in terms of the quality of health and the opportunity for self–realization.
Predicting rice physicochemical properties using thickness fraction properties.

ABSTRACT Long-grain rice cultivars Francis and Wells and hybrid XL8 Clearfield were harvested from two locations at three harvest moisture contents (HMC) in 2003. The rough rice was dried, fractionated into thin, medium, and thick fractions, and milled. Physicochemical properties of unfractionated and fractionated samples were determined. The effects of HMC and location on thickness distributions were investigated and the weighted-average physicochemical properties of the thickness fractions were compared with those of unfractionated rice. Generally, the growing location and HMC affected kernel thickness distributions, green kernel content, fissured kernel content, and head rice yield (HRY). As kernel thickness within samples increased, amylose content increased and the protein content and α-amylase activity decreased. Thick fractions had greater peak viscosities than medium and thin fractions. The thin, medium, and thick fraction physicochemical property weighted averages provided good predictions of mos...
The Role of Attributions in Customer Satisfaction: A Re-Examination

We investigate the role of disconfirmation, responsibility, and stability attributions in the formation of satisfaction judgments. Building on the valence-expectancy framework, we find that disconfirmation and attributions impact satisfaction in a complex manner. Besides its main effect, responsibility moderates disconfirmation’s effect on satisfaction, manifested as a two-way interaction between the two. Disconfirmation and responsibility jointly determine the valence component, and stability determines the expectancy component of the satisfaction evaluation. This is consistent with the three-way interaction among stability, responsibility, and disconfirmation that we also find. These results clarify past studies and provide new insights about the relationship among the constructs.
Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Soil of Industrial Zones of Apsheron Peninsula

A decline in industrial pollution by heavy metals at plants of chemical, petrochemical, machine building industries, thermoelectric power station, concrete plant, asphalt-concrete plant and “Electrocentrolit” plant in Baku and Sumgait was observed till 1994. The second notable decline of heavy metals contents was observed in 1999. For the last 3–4 years, the concentrations of heavy metals practically remained unchanged. A total decline of concentration in high levels of copper, zinc, nickel, and lead was noticed.
NMR and the study of pathological state in cells and tissues.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). These techniques are used for metabolic studies of cells and living tissues for several years. The NMR process can be described from either a classical or a quantum mechanical perspective. The classical approach is used for visualization of experiments and elucidation of challenges, particularly considering isolated spins. Quantum mechanical descriptions are necessary for detailed explanations in more complicated systems. The magnetism of some compounds (organic and inorganic), when they are placed in a strong magnetic field, arises from the magnetic moments of nuclei in the compound. Some of the observed parameters in NMR include chemical shift, spin coupling and spin decoupling, relaxation times, peak intensity, and spin echo. The ease in selecting analytical conditions to gain information from a wide range of endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics makes NMR a powerful technique. There are three possible approaches to cell studies—namely, cellular extraction, cellular suspensions, and perfusion of intact cells. Perfused intact cells may represent the best ex vivo approach to the noninvasive study of metabolism.
Observing Community Resiliency in Social Media

In spite of social media’s lack of structural integrity, accuracy, and reduced noise with respect to other forms of communication, it plays an increasingly vital role in the observation of societal actions before, during, and after significant events. In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy making landfall on the northeastern coasts of the United States demonstrated this role. This work provides a preliminary view into how social media could be used to monitor and gauge community resilience to such natural disasters. We observe, evaluate, and visualize how Twitter data evolves over time before, during, and after a natural disaster such as Hurricane Sandy and what opportunities there may be to leverage social media for situational awareness and emergency response.
Perspective: Data infrastructure for high throughput materials discovery

Computational capability has enabled materials design to evolve from trial-and-error towards more informed methodologies that require large amounts of data. Expert-designed tools and their underlying databases facilitate modern-day high throughput computational methods. Standard data formats and communication standards increase the impact of traditional data, and applying these technologies to a high throughput experimental design provides dense, targeted materials data that are valuable for material discovery. Integrated computational materials engineering requires both experimentally and computationally derived data. Harvesting these comprehensively requires different methods of varying degrees of automation to accommodate variety and volume. Issues of data quality persist independent of type.
Circulating 17-Hydroxyeorticosteroids in Ascorbic Acid-Deficient Guinea Pigs.∗

Summary1. Quantitative determinations of plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in guinea pigs with severe ascorbic acid deficiency were made. 2. Plasma concentrations of these steroids were found to be approximately 10 times those found in normal guinea pigs despite the virtual absence of adrenal ascorbic acid. 3. Scorbutic animals treated with ascorbic acid for 5 days prior to sacrifice had circulating 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in amounts not significantly higher than those of control animals.
Case 85: A Surprising Solution to an Airway Emergency

A 40-year-old female (170 cm and 120 kg; body mass index [BMI] 41.5; American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status III [ASA 3]) is scheduled for a biliary stent removal in the endoscopy suite. Her past history consisted of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, anemia, end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis, and diabetes mellitus type 2. On exam she is noted to have a neck circumference of 60.5 cm.
Immuno-Epidemiological Modeling

This chapter introduces and studies multiscale nested immuno-epidemiological models. The chapter begins with brief introduction to within-host dynamics and within-host modeling. Then the chapter introduces nested immuno-epidemiological models. The first model studied is a nested SI model of HIV. Using data, the chapter argues that the transmission rate is not a linear function of the viral load. The epidemiological reproduction number and prevalence of HIV are derived and studied in terms of the within-host viral load. In addition, a nested immuno-epidemiological model with immune response in the within-host model is introduced and studied.
Wireless Health Systems

Body Sensor Network can help people by providing healthcare information such as monitoring health, tracking activity, improvement of lifestyle, memory enhancement, and suggestions based on these information.
Abstract A087: Angiogenin (ANG) localized at the leading edges of breast cancer cells regulates plasmin formation by plasminogen activation complex (PAC) and cell migration

Angiogenin (ANG), a 14-kDa pro-angiogenic protein, had been shown to play a role in cell migration and tumor invasion processes, which involve proteolytic cleavage of plasminogen to generate plasmin. However, the mechanism by which ANG regulates plasmin formation and cell migration was not known. Our studies detected elevated levels of secreted ANG and cell surface-bound ANG in highly invasive metastatic breast cancer cells. By immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analysis, ANG was detected at leading edges of the cell surfaces where it colocalized and interacted with members of the plasminogen activation complex (PAC) such as Annexin A2 (A2), Calpactin (S100A10) and Urokinase plasminogen receptor (uPAR). Analysis of lipid raft (LR) and non-lipid raft (NLR) regions of the cell membranes showed the predominance of ANG, A2 and S100A10 in the LR regions. In contrast, uPAR was detected only in the NLR fractions, suggesting that ANG interacts with uPAR at junctions of LR and NLR regions. ANG knockdown in T47D and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines did not affect the cellular expression of A2, S100A10 and uPAR but decreased cell migration and plasmin formation. Neutralization of ANG with monoclonal antibodies similarly decreased the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. In the presence of ANG on cell surfaces, uPAR was observed to interact with UPA, which is known to be necessary for proteolytic cleavage of plasminogen by UPA to form plasmin. However, in the absence of ANG, uPAR interacted exclusively with PAI, which is known to inhibit plasmin formation by blocking UPA mediated proteolytic cleavage of plasminogen. Assessment of phosphorylation states of cellular FAK and Src kinases under these conditions further showed that both FAK and Src are dephosphorylated in the absence of ANG. Taken together, our results identified a novel regulatory role of ANG as a bridging protein that facilitates the interaction of uPAR with UPA, which leads to plasmin formation and cell migration necessary for tumor invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. These studies also suggest that ANG could serve as a bio-marker for identifying the leading edges of metastatic breast cancer cells and targeting ANG could be a novel method to block breast cancer invasiveness. Citation Format: Sujoy Dutta, Chirosree Bandyopadhyay, Lydia Wilson, Case Warshall, Virginie Bottero, Karen E. Johnson, Bala Chandran. Angiogenin (ANG) localized at the leading edges of breast cancer cells regulates plasmin formation by plasminogen activation complex (PAC) and cell migration. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A087.
Illusions in Reasoning

Some philosophers argue that the principles of human reasoning are impeccable, and that mistakes are no more than momentary lapses in "information processing". This article makes a case to the contrary. It shows that human reasoners commit systematic fallacies. The theory of mental models predicts these errors. It postulates that individuals construct mental models of the possibilities to which the premises of an inference refer. But, their models usually represent what is true in a possibility, not what is false. This procedure reduces the load on working memory, and for the most part it yields valid inferences. However, as a computer program implementing the theory revealed, it leads to fallacious conclusions for certain inferences--those for which it is crucial to represent what is false in a possibility. Experiments demonstrate the variety of these fallacies and contrast them with control problems, which reasoners tend to get right. The fallacies can be compelling illusions, and they occur in reasoning based on sentential connectives such as "if" and "or", quantifiers such as "all the artists" and "some of the artists", on deontic relations such as "permitted" and "obligated", and causal relations such as "causes" and "allows". After we have reviewed the principal results, we consider the potential for alternative accounts to explain these illusory inferences. And we show how the illusions illuminate the nature of human rationality.
Disaster Recovery in an Era of Climate Change: The Unrealized Promise of Institutional Resilience

Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy have brought increased attention to the challenges associated with disaster recovery in the United States. However, much work remains to be done. For instance, the shift in thinking from sustainable development to resilience as an organizing concept is best understood as an intertwined relationship and this association should be used to guide research and practice. The rise of programs espousing resilience suggests a need for indicators to help define and measure disaster recovery processes and outcomes. Operationalizing these concepts requires improving the collective capacity, or “institutional resilience” of the “disaster recovery assistance network” through planning. The chapter concludes with a set of policy recommendations that draw from suggestions made in the original edition of this chapter as well as more recent advances in the field.
Executive Function and Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescents and Young Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: The Role of Coping.

Objective Executive functioning deficits have been documented among congenital heart disease (CHD) survivors and may contribute to emotional distress. Little research has investigated the role of coping in this association. This study examined the role of coping in accounting for the association between self-reported executive function problems and internalizing symptoms among adolescents and emerging adults (AEAs), as well as young adults (YAs) with CHD. Methods Participants included 74 AEA (Mage = 19.32 ± 3.47 years, range 15-25 years) and 98 YA CHD survivors (Mage = 32.00 ± 3.69 years, range 26-39 years), recruited from pediatric and adult outpatient cardiology clinics. Participants completed self-report measures of executive function problems, coping (primary control, secondary control, and disengagement coping), and internalizing symptoms. Lesion severity classification and functional impairment due to symptoms of heart failure were determined from medical chart review. Results Significant problems in executive function were reported by 5% of AEA and 13% of YA. Coping was not associated with executive function problems or internalizing symptoms for AEA. However, among YA, less use of adaptive coping strategies and more maladaptive coping responses was associated with both more executive function problems and internalizing symptoms. An indirect effect of executive function problems on internalizing symptoms via secondary control coping emerged for YA. Conclusions Executive function problems may disrupt the ability to use important adaptive coping skills, such as cognitive reappraisal, positive thinking, and acceptance, thereby resulting in greater emotional distress among YA CHD survivors.
Towards a typology of water-related conflicts in the urban environment.

Rapid urban population growth is occurring, particularly in developing countries, and has led to problems of providing adequate water supply and sanitation. Two dominant policy recommendations have been put forward - raise fees to existing users or increase the role of the private sector in the provision of water and sanitation services. A number of civil disturbances and riots have occurred in response to such proposals. More pragmatic policy initiatives are required to prevent and solve water-related conflicts, as well as new institutional structures to better handle competing and conflicting water demands.
Historical remarks on nonmonotonic reasoning, especially circumscription

Humans have always done nonmonotonic reasoning, but rigorous monotonic reasoning in reaching given conclusions has been deservedly more respected and admired. Euclid contains the first extended monoton-ically reasoned text available to a large public. I suspect that even Euclid did nonmonotonic reasoning in arguing for the postulates. It is unfortunate that the rigorous monotonic reasoning of Euclid has been de-emphasized in education, because Euclid generates in people who are not mathematically minded a respect for rigor. Conclusions derived by monotonic logical reasoning from precisely stated premises have always been the ideal. When people jump to conclusions, they are criticized for the gaps in their reasoning, because the conclusions are not guaranteed to follow from the premises. Worse yet, the premises are often unstated.
Thermochronology in Orogenic Systems

Early in the history of application of the principles of radioactive decay to the dating of geologic materials, researchers found that some mineral-isotopic systems yielded anomalously young apparent ages. At first, it was assumed that these geochronometers were unreliable, but we now know that they provide unique constraints on the temperature–time histories of rocks that, in turn, constrain geodynamic models of Earth evolution. Modern thermochronology can be thought of as a melding of isotope geochronology and geochemical kinetics. Consequently, both topics play important roles in this chapter. Thermochronology has been especially influential in shaping our understanding of orogenic systems, as many of the applications described here demonstrate.
12-P : VERIFICATION HLA TYPING: ARE YOU SURE YOU USED THE RIGHT CELLS IN THAT FLOW CROSSMATCH?

Aim Use Real Time PCR (RT-PCR) to verify the identity of donor cells used in flow crossmatch. Methods Following lymphocyte isolation for flow crossmatch, an aliquot of cells is used for DNA isolation using the Qiagen EZ1™ extractor. The aliquot is taken from the SAME tube used to count cells for the crossmatch. The DNA is plated on LinkSeq™ABDR typing trays from Linkage Biosciences™. The trays are amplified and melt curve analysis is performed on the Viia 7™ RT-PCR instrument from Life Technologies™. This method of HLA typing requires no hybridization or gels, so it is possible to perform a typing concurrently with the flow crossmatch. The size of the cell aliquot used for DNA extraction is dependent on the cell count. As part of validation, a range of cell counts was outlined.[ Table 1 ] Results All cells yielded enough DNA to get a complete ABDR typing. There was concern this would increase crossmatch turn-around-times to an unacceptable level, but because this is a semi-automated method, it did not increase the TAT significantly. The DNA is extracted while the crossmatch is being set up; the RT-PCR reactions are set up during the 30 minute cell/serum incubation. After the crossmatch has been completed, the HLA typing is analyzed to the level that donor cell identity can be confirmed. The cells we used for verification typing had been previously HLA typed. Verification HLA typing can be less “perfect” than when doing an HLA typing for deceased donor organ allocation. Conclusions This is a semi-automated HLA typing platform that has proven to be robust, reproducible, and well suited to HLA typing to verify the identity of donor cells used in flow crossmatching. It does not prevent a sample mix-up, but it provides a strong barrier to reporting crossmatches in which the wrong donor cells may have been used.
Principles of Robotic Thoracic Surgery, Program Development and Equipment

Robotic surgical technology, as it is applied to thoracic surgery procedures, offers surgeons greater dexterity, three-dimensional view, and tremor adjustment that results in the ability to perform complex procedures in small thoracic spaces. There is the potential of less trauma to surrounding structures that may result in less pain and debility. The selection and development of a surgical team with the interest, skills, knowledge, devotion, and focus to achieve quality outcomes is especially important in this new technology.
I AM THE BOY WITH ONE HAND WHO CAN DO ANYTHING”: PERCEPTIONS OF ABILITY AMONG PEOPLE WITH UPPER LIMB ABSENCE

INTRODUCTION Upper limb prostheses are commonly prescribed for people with upper limb absence (ULA) to restore function, cosmesis, and assist with activities of daily living. However, nearly one in five people with ULA chooses not to use a prosthesis1 and instead turns to alternative technology and adaptations, pointing to factors beyond prostheses that shape perceptions of ability and quality of life. We examined through interviews the lived experiences of people with ULA framed around their perceptions of ability, device use, and quality of life. Abstract PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32001/24423 How to cite: McDonald C.L, Bennett C.L, Rosner D.K, Steele K.M. I AM THE BOY WITH ONE HAND WHO CAN DO ANYTHING”: PERCEPTIONS OF ABILITY AMONG PEOPLE WITH UPPER LIMB ABSENCE. CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL, VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2018; ABSTRACT, POSTER PRESENTATION AT THE AOPA’S 101ST NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, SEPT. 26-29, VANCOUVER, CANADA, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32001 Abstracts were Peer-reviewed by the American Orthotic Prosthetic Association (AOPA) 101st National Assembly Scientific Committee. http://www.aopanet.org/
The Trial of Martin Luther (1521): Selected Links and Bibliography

This is a bibliography of links focusing on the heresy trial of Martin Luther at the Imperial Diet of Worms in 1521. It includes links to selected works of Luther, the 95 thesis that he nailed to the church door in Wittenberg, links about Lutheranism and the Reformation and additional readings by and about Luther.
Feedback from the Field: Feasibility of the Perinatal Food Group Recall Form

Background: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce risks of excessive weight gain during pregnancy and help prevent maternal and child obesity. Low-income women are high-risk for excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Nutrition counseling can help improve dietary habits, however, it is often provided by paraprofessionals who lack formal training in dietetics. There is a need for a brief dietary assessment form for paraprofessionals serving low-income perinatal women. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide feedback on the feasibility of the Perinatal Food Group Recall (PFGR) form among Comprehensive Perinatal Health Workers (CPHWs) serving low-income pregnant and post-partum mothers. Methods: Nine CPHWs at four clinics were asked to complete their regular dietary assessment form and then administer the PFGR. Key informant interviews with the nine paraprofessionals were conducted to obtain their feedback on the form. Results: The findings suggest that the form provides a feasible and easyto-administer dietary assessment tool for use by practitioners without formal dietetics training who serve clinics in low-income communities with heavy client flow. Conclusion: The form can facilitate the provision of nutrition counseling among low-income mothers and build capacity among community health workers.
MYC regulates ribosome biogenesis and mitochondrial gene expression programs through interaction with Host Cell Factor-1

The oncoprotein transcription factor MYC is a major driver of malignancy and a highly-validated but challenging target for development of anti-cancer therapies. Novel strategies to inhibit MYC may come from understanding the co-factors it uses to drive pro-tumorigenic gene expression programs, providing their role in MYC activity is understood. Here, we interrogate how one MYC co-factor, Host Cell Factor (HCF)-1, contributes to MYC activity in a Burkitt lymphoma setting. We identify genes connected to mitochondrial function and ribosome biogenesis as direct MYC/HCF-1 targets, and demonstrate how modulation of the MYC-HCF-1 interaction influences cell growth, metabolite profiles, global gene expression patterns, and tumor growth in vivo. This work defines HCF-1 as a critical MYC co-factor, places the MYC-HCF-1 interaction in biological context, and highlights HCF-1 as a focal point for development of novel anti-MYC therapies.
Abstract P243: Increased Adiposity And Leptinemia Amongst Women From The Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS) Exposed To Adverse Childhood Experiences

Exposure to a combination of more than 3 adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is an independent risk factor for obesity and metabolic syndrome. Since women have a higher risk of developing obesity ...
Directly Comparing the Listening Strategies of Humans and Machines

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has reached human performance on many clean speech corpora, but it remains worse than human listeners in noisy environments. This paper investigates whether this difference in performance might be due to a difference in the time-frequency regions that each listener utilizes in making their decisions and how these “important” regions change for ASRs using different acoustic models (AMs) and language models (LMs). We define important regions as time-frequency points in a spectrogram that tend to be audible when the listener correctly recognizes that utterance in noise. The evidence from this study indicates that a neural network AM attends to regions that are more similar to those of humans (capturing certain high-energy regions) than those of a traditional Gaussian mixture model (GMM) AM. Our analysis also shows that the neural network AM has not yet captured all the cues that human listeners utilize, such as certain transitions between silence and high speech energy. We also find that differences in important time-frequency regions tend to track differences in accuracy on specific words in a test sentence, suggesting a connection. Because of this connection, adapting an ASR to attend to the same regions humans use might improve its generalization in noise.
Identifying the Optimal Implementation Strategy of a Wellness Curriculum to Enhance Attendance while Transitioning the Format Due to COVID-19 Pandemic in a Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Fellowship

Rationale: Burnout has been a growing area of concern impacting Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) physicians both professionally and personally. Junior physicians, including medical fellows, have been identified as a population more at risk of developing burnout due to the stress and demands associated with training. Part of graduate medical education includes developing habits and skills a physician will use throughout their career. Fellowship training presents an ideal opportunity to provide wellness education and facilitate development of adaptive behaviors to cope with stress and decrease burnout. This need has been further emphasized as our trainees worked through a global pandemic which added a new set of stressors. Methods: Pre-pandemic, a clinical social worker developed a wellness curriculum (WC) consisting of a variety of topics to address the components of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced sense of personal achievement. Over a 4 year period, a WC of 1 hour facilitated discussions was established and trialed at different times, different days of the week, and frequencies (weekly vs biweekly vs monthly) within the PCCM fellowship program at a single institution. These meetings were held indoors in-person (IIP) pre-pandemic. As a result of COVID-19 pandemic, the WC was transitioned by switching the physical setting from IIP gatherings to either outdoor in person socially distant (OIP) gatherings (weather permitting) or virtual meetings online. Attendance was tracked for each wellness session. Results: Over a 4 year period, pre-pandemic IIP attendance noticeably increased with modifications to time slots, day of the week, and frequency of wellness sessions. We found that: A) Wellness sessions held during lunch hour resulted in the higher attendance and engagement. B) The best day to hold these sessions was one that coincided with fellows’ continuity clinic (Figure 1). C) The optimal frequency was monthly (rather than weekly or biweekly) (Figure 2). In contrast, after COVID-19 pandemic-related adjustments, we found a significantly lower attendance to any sessions, whether OIP or virtual online. During the pandemic a slightly higher attendance at OIP sessions was noted compared with virtual online sessions (Figure 3). Conclusion: Over a 4 year period, pre-pandemic, a WC was developed and adjusted based on the needs of PCCM fellows. We determined that the optimal time, day and frequency of a well-being curriculum was a lunch hour, after fellows’ continuity clinic and monthly (rather than weekly or biweekly). However while transitioning the format due to COVID-19 pandemic we noted a sharp decline in overall attendance. Within the new adjustments, we did note a much better attendance at outdoor in-person socially distant meetings compared to virtual online format. Further work will be needed to determine the optimal strategy to enhance fellow attendance to wellness sessions in the “new normal.”
Sigma Bonds as Ligand Donor Groups in Transition Metal Complexes

Covalent X–H bonds, particularly where X is H, C, B, and Si, can act as Lewis base ligands in forming metal complexes of general type L n M(H–X), where the M–H–X angle is strongly bent so that the coordination can best be considered as side-on. The binding is greatly enhanced by back donation from the metal into the X–H σ* orbital. This elongates and eventually breaks the X–H bond, leading to characteristic structural, physicochemical characteristics and alteration of the reactivity of the ligand. The requirement for back donation means that the appropriate L n M fragment must usually have appreciable π donor character. Since the binding of the X–H bond to the metal center is relatively weak, and the binding of the deprotonated X− group left behind is much stronger, the binding also facilitates proton loss from the X–H bond. This electron redistribution results in reactivity differences which may be exploited. The case of H2 is treated in most detail in this review, because of its central place in the field.