cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor gene transcription by proximal promoter elements.

The insulin-like growth factor-II/cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (IGF-II/MPR) is a multifunctional protein that binds IGF-II and ligands containing a mannose 6-phosphate recognition marker. Recent studies have shown that this receptor plays a critical role in mammalian development, and that its expression is controlled by both epigenetic and tissue-specific factors. Our laboratory has cloned the 93-kilobase mouse gene and characterized its 48 exons. In this report we describe the structure and function of the IGF-II/MPR gene promoter. To study promoter function, a series of chimeric plasmids linking different segments of IGF-II/MPR 5' flanking DNA to the reporter gene, firefly luciferase, were transiently transfected into HepG2 and C3H 10T1/2 cells. Promoter activity was orientation-specific and was maximal (550- to 4250-fold above promoterless control) with a plasmid containing 266 base pairs (bp) of IGF-II/MPR DNA. The fusion gene accurately directed transcription as measured by ribonuc...
Responsiveness of Mouse Corpora Luteal Cells to Fas Antigen (CD95)-Mediated Apoptosis

Regression of the corpus luteum (CL) occurs by apoptosis. The Fas antigen (Fas) is a cell surface receptor that induces apoptosis in sensitive cells when bound to Fas ligand or agonistic anti-Fas monoclonal antibodies (Fas mAb). A potential role for Fas to induce apoptosis in dispersed CL cell preparations was tested in cells isolated from mice on Days 2‐4 of pseudopregnancy. Total CL dispersates, containing steroidogenic luteal cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, were cultured. The effect of pretreatment of cultures with cytokines interferon g (IFN) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF) was examined because these cytokines demonstrated effects on Fas-mediated apoptosis in other cell types. Fas mAb had no effect on viability of CL cells cultured in 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and pretreated with or without IFN or TNF, but Fas mAb did kill 23% of the cells in cultures pretreated with IFN 1 TNF. Fas mRNA was detectable in cultured CL cells and was increased 2.1-, 2.0-, and 11.8-fold by treatment with TNF, IFN, or IFN 1 TNF, respectively. CL cells treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CX) were killed by Fas mAb in the absence of cytokine pretreatment (34%); pretreatment with IFN or IFN 1 TNF further potentiated killing (62% and 96%, respectively), whereas pretreatment with TNF had no effect (42%). Cells cultured in medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, and selenium instead of FBS were killed by Fas mAb in the presence of IFN (23%) or IFN 1 TNF (29%) but not in the presence of TNF. Cells derived from the mouse CL have a functional Fas pathway that is inhibited by FBS and activated by treatment with CX, IFN, and IFN 1 TNF. apoptosis, corpus luteum, corpus luteum function, cytokines, ovary
Regulation mechanisms of intestinal secretion: implications in nutrient absorption

Intestinal secretion is a normal phenomenon, indispensible to solubilize and dilute nutrients and to maintain fluidity in the intestinal lumen. Enterotoxins and certain drugs may disrupt the proabsorptive status maintained by the small intestine under physiologic conditions. Hormones found in nervous and specialized intestinal enterochromaffin cells are responsible, in part, for secretion of fluid into the lumen. Afferent vagal nerve impulses mediated by 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin; 5-HT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P are the major agents of secretory stimulation. Toxins from pathogenic bacteria, especially some strains of E. coli and V. cholerae, trigger a secretory response and a chain of events involving cGMP and cAMP which result in chloride secretion, coupled to sodium and fluid efflux into the lumen. If secretion is unchecked by natural mechanisms or medications, the consequences are diarrhea, with potential dehydration, hyponatremia and ultimately death. Introduction of absorbable nutrients in the intestinal lumen has a major antisecretory action, both by a nutrient-gene interaction and by proabsorptive hormone expression. In additon, during the absorptive process water is carried into the enterocyte together with solutes. Hydrolysis-resistant peptides of dietary origin and ingested soluble fiber may also have a proabsorptive effect. The gastrointestinal system has a variety of antisecretory or proabsorptive hormonal and protein agonists that balance the outflow of fluid and electrolytes. The more extensively studied are neuropeptide Y/peptide YY (NPY/PYY) and the antisecretory factor (AF). Nitric oxide (NO), a short-lived second messenger, has a major role in secretion by activating cGMP. The intracellular concentration of NO may regulate the absorptive/secretory status of the small intestine, either stimulating absorption or inducing secretion. Specifically targeted 5-HT receptor antagonist drugs and other pharmacologic agents have been clinically tried for the treatment of severe diarrhea, drug-induced malabsorption and reversal of cellular damage.
Characterizing the limit set of perfect and public equilibrium payoffs with unequal discounting

We study repeated games with imperfect public monitoring and unequal dis- counting. We characterize the limit set of perfect and public equilibrium payoffs as discount factors converge to 1 with the relative patience between players fixed. We show that the pairwise and individual full rank conditions are sufficient for the folk theorem. In this paper, we characterize the equilibrium payoffs in repeated games with imperfect public monitoring and unequal discounting as discount factors converge to 1 with rel- ative patience fixed. In particular, we show that the pairwise and individual full rank conditions are sufficient for the folk theorem. Lehrer and Pauzner (1999) (henceforth LP) analyze two-player repeated games with perfect monitoring and unequal discounting. They define the set of feasible and sequen- tially individually rational (henceforth SIR) payoffs and show that in two-player games with perfect monitoring, the limit set of subgame perfect equilibrium payoffs coincides with that of SIR payoffs as discount factors converges to 1 with the relative patience fixed (the folk theorem). Recently, Chen and Takahashi (2012) extend the result to n-player games with perfect monitoring. This paper extends their results to imperfect public monitoring. While the proofs of both Lehrer and Pauzner (1999 )a ndChen and Takahashi (2012) are constructive, we em- ploy a nonconstructive approach using the recursive structure of the perfect and public equilibrium (henceforth PPE). Specifically, we attain a characterization of the set of PPE payoffs as discount factors converge to1. In addition, we characterize SIR payoffs. Given these characterizations, we show that if the pairwise and individual full rank conditions are satisfied, these two sets coincide, that is, the folk theorem holds.
Livsic realization of 2D-behaviors with degree one autonomy

Early work on behaviors associated with N-D systems emphasized two extreme types of behaviors, namely, autonomous (no free variables) and controllable (existence of a global trajectory patching together the past part of some trajectory with the future part of some other trajectory). It was shown that any behavior can be decomposed as an autonomous part plus a controllable part. Later work gave a more refined classification of autonomous behaviors: nonautonomous behaviors are those with a free variable defined over the whole lattice and have autonomy degree 0 while autonomous behaviors are now further classified into those with autonomy degree k for k = 1; 2,...,N, ∞, where k = ∞ for the zero behavior and otherwise N — k is the maximal dimension of a sublattice on which it is possible to assign a free variable. Independently of this work with motivation from multivariable operator theory, Livsic and coworkers introduced a certain type of overdetermined 2-D input/state/output linear system where inputs and outputs are required to satisfy their own compatibility difference equations. The purpose of this note is to identify the place of Livsic systems in the behavioral framework: the input-output behavior of a Livsic system roughly can be characterized as a 2-D behavior with autonomy degree equal to 1.
The Mortality Penalty of Incarceration: Evidence from a Population-based Case-control Study of Working-age Males.

There is a growing body of research on the effects of incarceration on health, though there are few studies in the sociological literature of the association between incarceration and premature mortality. This study examined the risk of male premature mortality associated with incarceration. Data came from the Izhevsk (Russia) Family Study, a large-scale population-based case-control design. Cases (n = 1,750) were male deaths aged 25 to 54 in Izhevsk between October 2003 and October 2005. Controls (n = 1,750) were selected at random from a city population register. The key independent variable was lifetime prevalence of incarceration. I used logistic regression to estimate mortality odds ratios, controlling for age, hazardous drinking, smoking status, marital status, and education. Seventeen percent of cases and 5 percent of controls had been incarcerated. Men who had been incarcerated were more than twice as likely as those who had not to experience premature mortality (odds ratio = 2.2, 95 percent confidence interval: 1.6–3.0). Relative to cases with no prior incarceration, cases who had been incarcerated were more likely to die from infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, non–alcohol-related accidental poisonings, and homicide. Taken together with other recent research, these results from a rigorous case-control design reveal not only that incarceration has durable effects on illness, but that its consequences extend to a greater risk of early death. I draw on the sociology of health literature on exposure, stress, and social integration to speculate about the reasons for this mortality penalty of incarceration.
TERRITORIALITY AND NEIGHBOR ASSESSMENT IN BROWN JAYS (CYANOCORAX MORIO) IN COSTA RICA

Abstract Defense of group-held resources is a common and widely accepted function of territorial interactions between neighboring groups. In addition, territorial interactions could provide opportunities to assess members of neighboring groups and reproductive opportunities there, or to solidify status in the home group. We studied group-level characteristics and individual participation in territorial encounters in the cooperatively breeding Brown Jay (Cyanocorax morio). Intergroup encounters at stable territory boundaries include both aggressive and affiliative behavior, which suggests that a territorial encounter could function as both a resource defense mechanism and as an arena for social interactions. Territory characteristics that increase the probability of contact between groups (long boundaries, large combined group size, and home range overlap) explain much of the variation in frequency of territorial encounters. Male-biased dispersal was more common to neighboring groups with long boundaries, ...
Religion and spirituality as predictors of well-being among Chinese American and Korean American older adults.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to understand the multidimensional aspects of religion, spirituality, and well-being among Asian American older adults with a primary focus on examining how much the effect of religion and spirituality can account for subjective well-being. Respondents were 145 older adults (76 Chinese and 69 Koreans). In an attempt to measure a broad range of religion and spirituality, the Multidimensional Measures of Religiousness and Spirituality (MMRS; NIA/Fetzer, 1999) were used. Utilization of religious coping skills was associated with greater life satisfaction. Greater practice of forgiveness contributed to improving life satisfaction and self-efficacy for older Korean and Chinese Americans. Religious support was associated with decreased depression and increased life satisfaction. In contrast, less private religious practice enhanced greater self-efficacy. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Disappearance of the ‘Uncomplicated’ Urinary Tract Infection

Objective: The increasing frequency of clinical failure and recurrence of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) may be due to emerging resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobials. This study evaluated resistance patterns of urinary pathogens and how they influence clinical outcome.
Predicció en les ciències socials

En treballs anteriors sobre explicacio i causalitat en les ciencies socials no he prestadola atencio necessaria al problema de la prediccio. L'objecte d'aquest article eselaborar i aclarir alguns assumptes que concerneixen a la prediccio en les ciencies socials, especialment quan aquesta s'aplica a les perspectives «interpretativistas».
A Mechanosensitive Channel Protein and its Gene in E. coli

Receptor molecules that respond directly to gravity, touch, vibration, or osmotic pressure are inferred from their functions but not yet characterized as isolated proteins or products of cloned genes. These receptors are often in low abundance and in animal and plant tissues that are inaccessible, thus making biochemical analysis difficult. Yet, the application of the sensitive patch-clamp technique to measure transmembrane currents has demonstrated the ubiquity of ion channels whose opening is favored by membrane stretch forces. We have discovered in E. coil the activity of a mechanosensitive ion channel of large conductance (MscL), and have successfully isolated the corresponding protein and gene (Sukharev et al. 1994a). MscL channel appears to respond directly to stretch force in the lipid bilayer since it is active in artificial patches having only highly enriched MscL protein and lipids. Structurally, MscL is an integral membrane protein of only 136 amino-acid residues. Each channel pore is likely to be enclosed by six assembled MscL subunits. Hydropathy analysis suggests that the protein is largely hydrophobic with a more hydrophilic carboxyl tail. Targeted deletions and substitutions show that not all regions of the molecule contribute to channel function; however, strategic single amino-acid changes can alter channel kinetics and mechanosensitivity. MscL and its gene now form the first tangible system to study mechanosensing using a combination of genetic, biochemical, and biophysical techniques.
Steady State and Dynamic Correlation of Localized Waves

The mesoscopic contribution to intensity correlation of localized microwave radiation with polarization rotation of the detector dwarfs the field factorization contribution but has the same form for diffusive and localized waves.
Highly Compact Wrapped-Gore Deployable Reflector

Deployable space structures have long been investigated as a means for packaging the desired solution within the confines of the launch environment. In this study, the design of a highly compact reflector that can be stowed in a 1U CubeSat is addressed. The ideal diameter of the finished reflector is 1 meter. In order to accomplish this objective, a folding method is developed and design constraints are derived from the packaging requirement. A design method is presented in which the deployed shape is divided into gores and flattened for manufacturing. Constraints on the shape of the gores are imposed in order to produce a flat configuration with desirable stowing characteristics. Two iterations of the design are presented with deployed diameters of 0.8 and 0.5m and final stowed diameters of 16 and 14cm respectively.
The potentiating effect of alcohol on thiopental induced sleep.

Summary and ConclusionsThiopental in a subanesthetic dose caused a significant decrease in the reaction time of mice. Alcohol in doses even very near the hypnotic level did not significantly change the reaction time. When the two drugs were given simultaneously, the reaction time was still not significantly changed. The sleeping times of mice, dogs and rabbits given both thiopental and alcohol were significantly longer than the sleeping times when either of the two drugs alone were given.
AT-32A PHASE I DOSE-ESCALATION STUDY OF GEMCITABINE PLUS STANDARD RADIATION THERAPY FOR MALIGNANT HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS

BACKGROUND: Based on preclinical data that gemcitabine (GEM) is an effective radiosensitizer in a mouse glioma model, a phase I study was undertaken assessing the feasibility of administering GEM during radiation therapy (RT) in patients with newly-diagnosed high-grade gliomas. METHODS: Adult patients with pathologically confirmed WHO grade III-IV supratentorial gliomas were eligible. Five dose levels of weekly GEM were tested starting the last 2 weeks of RT and advancing stepwise into earlier weeks (500 mg/m2 weeks 5,6; 1000 mg/m2 weeks 5,6; 1000 mg/m2 weeks 4,5,6; 750 mg/m2 weeks 3,4,5,6 and 1000 mg/m2 weeks 3,4,5,6). All patients received 60 Gy in 30 fractions. Primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) associated with DLT (any ≥grade 4 hematologic or ≥grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity) in 20% of patients within 90 days from start RT. Secondary objectives included estimates of ≥grade 3 toxicity, progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Between 2004-2012, 29 patients were enrolled (6 oligodendroglioma, 10 oligoastrocytoma, 9 astrocytoma and 4 glioblastoma), with 24 evaluable for toxicity. With median follow-up of 35.7 months (IQR, 36.6-58.6), OS for 22 evaluable patients with grade III tumors was 48.0 months (95% CI 26.2-inestimable), and PFS was 26.0 months (95% CI 11.7-48.5). MTD was 750 mg/m2/week given the last 4 weeks of RT. DLT events (grade 3 nausea, venous thromboembolism and syncope at dose levels 3-5) occurred in 4 patients, and three patients had biopsy-confirmed radiation necrosis (1 at dose level 1, 2 at dose level 5). No grade 5 toxicities related to therapy were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with high-grade gliomas, the MTD of GEM delivered with 60 Gy in 30 fractions was 750 mg/m2/week given the last 4 weeks of RT in this study. The combination of GEM and RT was well-tolerated, and preliminary estimates of efficacy are promising.
TUBERCULOSIS AND IMMIGRATION

Immigration has altered the epidemiology and clinical pattern of tuberculosis in the UK. Clinical awareness needs to be high because of a 25-fold increased incidence in immigrant subgroups. Drug resistance is also increased. New immigrants should be screened for tuberculosis.
Developmental outcome of unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation in children with Hurler syndrome.

To the Editor: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been shown to effectively reduce the cognitive deterioration normally associated with Hurler syndrome.[1][1] In their recent review of the Storage Disease Collaborative Study Group's retrospective experience using unrelated donor BMT for children
Are rural places less safe for motorists? Definitions of urban and rural to understand road safety disparities

The objectives of the study are to understand road safety within the context of regional development processes and to assess how urban–rural categories represent differences in motor vehicle occupant fatality risk. We analysed 2015 motor vehicle occupant deaths in Wisconsin from 2010 to 2014, using three definitions of urban–rural continua and negative binomial regression to adjust for population density, travel exposure and the proportion of teen residents. Rural–Urban Commuting Area codes, Beale codes and the Census definition of urban and rural places do not explain differences in urban and rural transportation fatality rates when controlling for population density. Although it is widely believed that rural places are uniquely dangerous for motorised travel, this understanding may be an artefact of inaccurate constructs. Instead, population density is a more helpful way to represent transportation hazards across different types of settlement patterns, including commuter suburbs and exurbs.
Hyperspectral Nonlinear Optical Light Generation from a Monolithic GaN Microcavity

Localized spatial excitation of a single hexagonal GaN micropyramid with (11¯01) facets formed by selective area growth is optimized for nonlinear optical light (NLO) generation due to second harmonic generation (SHG) and multiphoton luminescence (MPL). Multiphoton transition induced ultraviolet and yellow luminescence is observed for excitations above and below half bandgap energy. SHG and MPL observed for excitations below half the bandgap energy are superimposed to realize broadband emission in the UV–visible range. The light generation is optimized by controlling the cavity modes formed by the hexagonal facets and the tip enhanced effects from the pyramid. The MPL is optimum at the apex of the pyramid. The SHG is most efficient within the pyramid (≈4 µm above the base) due to the formation of spatially stable cavity modes within the cavity. The NLO interactions within the pyramid are optimized to realize microphotonic white light sources and coherent tunable UV–visible sources using spatially controlled excitation without any change in material parameters. At the bandgap of GaN, the resonant two-photon emission dominates the nonlinear light generation process compared to the coherent SHG light generated within the cavity.
The past and future of growth rate estimation in demographic temporal frequency analysis: Biodemographic interpretability and the ascendance of dynamic growth models

Abstract Population growth rate estimators have recently emerged in demographic temporal frequency analysis (dTFA) as further tools to monitor pre-census population dynamics. The information that such estimators supply affords considerable heuristic potential for population-ecological research both because they implicate the environmental, behavioral, and physiological mechanisms that condition population growth, and because they impose much-needed empirical constraints on our efforts to build theory addressing long-run human population dynamics. However, the earnestness with which these estimators have been applied warrants caution. First, several nonidentical measures of population growth are current in both formal demography and dTFA, creating an opportunity for their equivocation. Second, our ability to insightfully interrogate growth estimates for population-ecological information has been checked by a tendency to interpret them in the framework of off-the-shelf parametric growth models ill-suited to long-run population dynamics. This paper evaluates the biodemographic merit of three estimators recently applied in dTFA. It also advocates a transition away from parametric and toward dynamic growth models and introduces an inductive, regression-based approach to the latter. A Monte Carlo simulation study indicates that this inductive approach can successfully recapture information about environmental influences on population growth from archaeological summed probability distributions, less so from kernel density estimates.
Artificial Synaptic Rewiring Demonstrates that Distinct Neural Circuit Configurations Underlie Homologous Behaviors

Summary Behavioral homology is often assumed to involve similarity in underlying neuronal mechanisms. Here, we provide a counterexample where homologous behaviors are produced by neurons with different synaptic connectivity. The nudibranch molluscs Melibe leonina and Dendronotus iris exhibit homologous swimming behaviors, consisting of alternating left and right body flexions. The swim central pattern generators (CPGs) in both species are composed of bilaterally symmetric interneurons, which are individually identified and reciprocally inhibit their contralateral counterparts, contributing to left-right burst alternation in the swim motor patterns. In Melibe , the swim CPG contains two parts that interact to produce stable rhythmic bursting; one part is the primary half-center kernel, and the other part, which consists of a bilateral pair of neurons called Si3, regulates period length. The Dendronotus swim CPG is simpler, with Si3 being part of the primary half-center oscillator. Application of curare (d-tubocurarine) selectively blocked the Si3 synapses in both species. In Melibe , curare application caused the burst duration of the swim motor pattern to lengthen, whereas in Dendronotus , curare halted bursting altogether. In both species, replacing the curare-blocked Si3 synapses with artificial synapses using dynamic clamp restored the original rhythmic bursting, thereby affirming the roles of those synapses. The curare-impaired bursting in Dendronotus was also restored by rewiring the homologous neurons into a Melibe -like primary half-center oscillator configuration, indicating that the connectivity itself could account for species differences in circuit responses to curare. The results suggest that synaptic connectivity diverged during evolution while behavior was conserved.
On asymptotic synchronization of interconnected hybrid systems with applications

In this paper, we consider the synchronization of the states of a multiagent network system, where each agent exhibits hybrid behavior. Specifically, the state of each agent may evolve continuously according to a differential inclusion, and, at times, jump discretely according to a difference inclusion. We develop a notion of asymptotic synchronization for part of the state of the system. Our definition of asymptotic synchronization imposes both Lyapunov stability and attractivity on the difference between the agents' states. We recast synchronization as a set stabilization problem, for which tools for the study of asymptotic stability of sets for hybrid systems are suitable. As applications, we introduce two synchronization problems for hybrid systems: the interconnection of continuous-time systems connected over an intermittent communication network and the synchronization of interconnected impulse-coupled oscillators.
Introduction to Probability

In weather forecasts, one often hears a sentence such as, “the probability of rain tomorrow is 50 percent.” What does this mean? Something like, “if we look at all possible tomorrows, in half of them there will be rain” or “if we make the experiment of observing tomorrow, there is a quantifiable chance of having rain tomorrow, and somehow or other this chance was quantified as being 1/2.” To make sense of this, we formalize the notions of experimental outcome, event, and probability.
The Terrorist Is a Star! Regulating Media Coverage of Publicity-Seeking Crimes

Publicity-seeking crimes, including terrorism, almost by definition depend on the media for their effectiveness. Violence or threats of violence have long been deemed “newsworthy” by the media and publicity-seeking criminals have put this fact to full use. By attacking highly visible targets in a dramatic manner, publicity-seeking criminals guarantee themselves saturation news coverage. They make a shocking appeal to traditional news values by making full use of the news industry’s attraction to the dramatic, conflict-laden, and potentially tragic event. The media furthers the criminals’ objectives by publicizing an incident that was staged for the very purpose of obtaining media coverage. This has come to be called by many a “symbiotic relationship.” Twenty-five years ago, when the bulk of this article was written, critics both within and outside the news industry had begun to voice an awareness, if not a concern, for the ease with which such criminals obtained publicity on both a national and international platform and it looked as if something might be done within the media establishments to thwart this manipulation of the press. Today, it is possible to look back and see that, in fact, nothing has been done and, so, individuals such as Osama Bin Laden and Seung-Hui Cho now use media establishments directly to spread their messages of hate, violence, and intimidation. This article explores the psychology of terrorism and why it can hardly exist without the media and then turns to the American mass media and discusses why it needs titillating crimes for its existence. It then identifies and discusses the four main effects or harms of media coverage of publicity-seeking crimes and the media’s answers to these harms. Finally it suggests solutions and the effect the First Amendment to the United States’ Constitution has on those solutions. The article is interesting for many reasons. In addition to its substantive coverage of a very critical issue in our time, it points out that publicity-seeking crime, including terrorism, is nothing new and that media coverage of it was a concern being discussed a quarter of a century ago. Written twenty-five years ago, it is eerily prophetic as to many issues. And, in its preface, it argues that despite an explosion of both broadcast technology and publicity-seeking crime since that time, there has been little development in the law in this area and there has been little to no coverage of it in legal journals. Finally, it asks the question “Why?” and challenges constitutional and media law scholars to return their attention to this critical issue.
Never Been Kissed: Correlates of Lifetime Kissing Status in U.S. University Students.

Kissing a partner occurs relatively early during adolescence. Thus, young adults who have never kissed are off-time from their peers. Substantial exploration in the areas of identity and intimacy occur during this period, and kissing may fulfill both of these functions, addressing autonomy and relatedness motives for sexual behaviors. We examined the prevalence and personal, contextual, and adjustment/health predictors of delayed onset of kissing. An ethnically and racially diverse sample of traditionally aged first year university students (N = 738; 50.7% female) completed online surveys. Only 14.2% of young adults had never kissed a partner on the lips. Compared to their peers who had kissed partners, young adults who had never kissed were more likely to be Asian-American, less likely to be in a romantic relationship, were less extraverted, were more likely to be in the Honors College, and drank alcohol less frequently. In bivariate models but not the multivariate model, young adults who had never kissed were more neurotic, had mothers who were less facilitating of independence, and had lower self-esteem. Findings inform understanding of normative sexuality development, and inform future research on normative and off-time sexual behaviors in young adulthood.
Emergent parotidectomy after parotid lymphatic malformation hematoma

Abstract Introduction Lymphatic malformations (LM) are non-malignant, congenital masses that contain fluid-filled lymph channels. These lesions typically present in childhood, but they can rarely present as a new head and neck mass in adults, which may not be on the differential diagnoses of clinicians. We present a case of an intraparotid mass that expanded rapidly secondary to hematoma after a diagnostic fine needle aspiration was performed. Case details A 24 year-old male presented with a right parotid mass. CT imaging revealed a 3.2 × 1.8cm cystic lesion in the parotid gland. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration was performed, resulting in a parotid hematoma and compression of the buccal branch of the right facial nerve. The patient was taken to the operating room urgently for evacuation of hematoma, and a superficial parotidectomy was performed. Pathology revealed an intraparotid lymphatic malformation with organized hematoma. Conclusions We present a case of hematoma following fine needle aspiration of a lymphatic malformation. While these lesions typically present in the pediatric population, they may be first diagnosed in adulthood. Hematoma following FNA is exceedingly rare and may increase the clinical suspicion for LM.
The Reference of Proper Names: Testing Usage and Intuitions.

Experiments on theories of reference have mostly tested referential intuitions. We think that experiments should rather be testing linguistic usage. Substantive Aim (I): to test classical description theories of proper names against usage by "elicited production." Our results count decisively against those theories. Methodological Aim (I): Machery, Olivola, and de Blanc () claim that truth-value judgment experiments test usage. Marti () disagrees. We argue that Machery et al. are right and offer some results that are consistent with that conclusion. Substantive Aim (II): Machery et al. provide evidence that the usage of a name varies, being sometimes descriptive, sometimes not. In seven out of eight tests of usage, we did not replicate this variation. Methodological Aim (II): to test the reliability of referential intuitions by comparing them with linguistic usage. Earlier studies led us to predict that we would find those intuitions unreliable, but we did not. Our results add to evidence that tests of referential intuition are susceptible to unpredictable wording effects.
Long distance contribution to K+ → π+ νν☆

Abstract We estimate the long distance contribution to the K + → π + ν ν decay amplitude using chiral perturbation theory. We find that it is likely to be less than a few percent of the part of the short distance contribution proportional to the square of the charm quark mass. In the large N c limit the leading (in chiral perturbation theory) long distance contribution to K + → π + ν ν from Feynman diagrams with a W and Z 0 vanishes.
External Beam Irradiation of Prostatic Cancer

Since the introduction of teletherapy for the treatment of prostatic cancer, a number of authors have sought to define appropriate case selection, the technique, risks and expectations following external beam radiation therapy (1–10). The details of this report are based upon the Stanford experience which appears to be a fair representation of the overall experience cited above.
The Complex Plane and Elementary Functions

In this chapter we set the scene and introduce some of the main characters. We begin with the three representations of complex numbers: the Cartesian representation, the polar representation, and the spherical representation. Then we introduce the basic functions encountered in complex analysis: the exponential function, the logarithm function, power functions, and trigonometric functions. We view several concrete functions w = f (z) as mappings from the z-plane to the w-plane, and we consider the problem of describing the inverse functions.
Trends and Issues in Learning, Design, and Technology

Lately, the influence of digital technologies in people’s daily lives has become unquestionable. Devices, such as computers and smartphones, are now part of individuals’ interpersonal communication, work, entertainment, and even learning. Interestingly, learning with these technologies can occur on a formal basis, such as students using simulations to understand complex content in physics, or an informal basis, with learners watching tutorials online to learn the basic skills of an image editing software.
Contribution of Inhibitor of Differentiation and Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors to Neurocognitive Disorders

The devastating growth in the worldwide frequency of neurocognitive disorders and its allied difficulties, such as decline in memory, spatial competency, and ability to focus, poses a significant psychological public health problem. Inhibitor of differentiation (ID) proteins are members of a family of helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors. ID proteins have been demonstrated to be involved in neurodevelopmental and depressive diseases and, thus, may influence neurocognitive deficiencies due to environmental exposure. Previously, it has been demonstrated that environmental factors, such as estrogenic endocrine disruptors (EEDs), have played an essential role in the influence of various neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease. Based on this increasing number of reports, we consider the impact of these environmental pollutants on ID proteins. Better understanding of how these ID proteins by which EED exposure can affect neurocognitive disorders in populations will prospectively deliver valuable information in the impediment and regulation of these diseases linked with environmental factor exposure.
Using United States Geological Survey stream gages to predict flow and temperature conditions to maintain freshwater mussel habitat

Habitat conditions necessary to support freshwater mussels can be difficult to characterize and predict, particularly for rare or endangered species such as the federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel, Alasmidonta heterodon. In this study, we evaluate flow and temperature conditions in three areas of the mainstem Delaware River known to consistently support A. heterodon, and we develop predictive models using the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gages and thermal stations in order to identify conditions under which habitat alteration could threaten the species. Flow and temperature prediction models based on nearby existing USGS gage and thermal stations were predictive for all three sites. Both discharge prediction and water depth profile models indicate one location (Site 3) was the most vulnerable to low‐flow conditions as it requires the highest discharge rate (26.3 cms) at the USGS Callicoon gage to maintain both the full wetted perimeter (Pfᵤₗₗ) and minimal wetted perimeter (Pₘᵢₙ) and prevent occlusion of areas that contain A. heterodon. Flow management targets aimed at protecting Site 3 should also protect Sites 1 and 2. Although analyses indicated significant benthic habitat available in all three sites even under low discharge rates, specific mussel locations could be vulnerable to dewatering and thermal stress if only Pₘᵢₙ values were maintained. Results indicate the magnitude of site temperature deviations from thermal stations varied by site and river temperature. In general, our results suggest that existing temperature and stream gage infrastructure may be used predictively to evaluate the effects of different flow targets on mainstem Delaware River A. heterodon habitat.
Classical approach to collision complexes in ultracold chemical reactions

Inspired by Wannier's threshold law, we recognize that collision-complex decay meets the requirements of quantum-classical correspondence in sufficiently exothermic ultracold reactions. We make use of this correspondence to elucidate the classical foundations of ultracold reactions and to help bring calculations currently beyond the capabilities of quantum mechanics within reach. A classical method with a simplified model of many-body interactions is provided for the determination of the collision-complex lifetime and demonstrated for a reduced-dimensional system, as preliminary to the calculation of collision-complex lifetimes in the full-dimensional system.
PiCL: a software-transparent, persistent cache log for nonvolatile main memory

Software-transparent crash consistency is a promising direction to immediately reap the benefits of nonvolatile main memory (NVMM) without encumbering programmers with error-prone transactional semantics. Unfortunately, proposed hardware write-ahead logging (WAL) schemes have high performance overhead, particularly for multi-core systems with many threads and big on-chip caches and NVMs with low random-access performance. This paper proposes PiCL, a new WAL checkpointing mechanism that provides a low overhead, software-transparent crash consistency solution for NVMM. PiCL introduces multi-undo logging, cache-driven logging, and asynchronous cache-scan to reduce random accesses and enable good row locality at the NVM. The key idea is that: by relaxing the durability timing of checkpoints, crash consistency can be provided with less than 1% performance overhead where 1.5x to 5.0x slowdown was typical with prior work. To demonstrate the feasibility of software-transparent crash consistency, we fully implemented PiCL as an FPGA prototype in Verilog using the OpenPiton framework.
Lung Transplantation for Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis

Purpose Up to 20% of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) cases cluster in families, and familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF) may require lung transplantation similar to sporadic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, transplant outcomes for FPF are not well characterized. We compared lung transplant for FPF versus IPF in a single center. Methods We identified all lung transplant recipients at UCLA between January 2006 and July 2017 with a UNOS lung diagnosis code of IIP: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. After review of medical records and explant pathology, alternative diagnoses were excluded. Among the remaining cohort, we defined FPF as IIP with at least 1 reported first-degree relative with IIP, or those with a pathogenic variant identified on molecular genetic testing in a gene known to be associated with FPF. The remaining patients were considered IPF. The demographics, clinical parameters, and outcomes were compared between FPF and IPF groups. Results The final cohort included 288 patients, 37 (12.8%) FPF and 251 (87.2%) IPF. Demographic and baseline clinical parameters including laboratory tests were not significantly different between FPF and IPF groups. At 6-months post-transplant, FPF patients had lower WBC (4.1 vs. 5.1, p=0.02) and lower hemoglobin (11.5 vs 12.3, p=0.002). At 12-months, FPF patients had lower hemoglobin (11.5 vs 12.2, p=0.01). There was no significant difference in freedom from CLAD, CLAD free survival, or overall survival between FPF and IPF. Most FPF patients did not have genetic testing, but a subset of FPF patients with established short telomere syndrome (n=6) were more likely to develop severe neutropenia (50% vs 15.5%, p=0.02) and had worse survival (p=0.045) than patients transplanted for sporadic IPF. Conclusion Transplant for familial IPF has outcomes similar to sporadic IPF, but is associated with more cytopenia post-transplant. A subset of FPF with short telomere syndrome may have increased incidence of marrow failure and worse post-transplant survival than sporadic IPF.
Prolactin Elevations and Permeability Glycoprotein.

Objective To examine the role of permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) and its substrates in the mechanism of hyperprolactinemia. Data sources PubMed and Google Scholar were queried with the search term permeability glycoprotein crossed with antipsychotic, neuroleptic, prolactin, risperidone, paliperidone, and amisulpride. The searches were performed in early 2018 with no date restrictions. Study selection All references cited in PubMed were examined (108), but only the first 40 references of each search in Google Scholar (total of approximately 30,000 hits) for a total of 240 were examined. Approximately 100 references were felt to be relevant. Data extraction Information regarding mechanism of action and clinical relevance was extracted as appropriate for the discussion. Results Risperidone, paliperidone, and amisulpride are associated with higher prolactin levels than would be anticipated from striatal dopamine receptor occupancy studies. This elevation occurs because the levels of these antipsychotics are higher in the anterior pituitary than in parts of the brain protected by the blood-brain barrier and P-gp. P-gp has high affinity to all these antipsychotics and selectively removes them from the brain and concentrates them in the blood draining the hypothalamus, allowing greater dopamine receptor blockade in the cells in the anterior pituitary that produce prolactin. Conclusions The anatomy of the portal circulation, the presence of P-gp, and the high affinity of this protein to risperidone, paliperidone, and amisulpride all conspire to concentrate the antipsychotic concentration in the anterior pituitary to levels higher than in other parts of the brain, with consequent increase of prolactin above expectations.
Memory Categorization: Separating Attacker-Controlled Data

Memory corruption attacks against software written in C or C++ are still prevalent and remain a significant cause of security breaches. Defenses providing full memory safety remain expensive, and leaner defenses only addressing control-flow data are insufficient.
Providing Puberty Suppression Treatment for Transgender Youth: What Constitutes Competence?

There is growing recognition that gender identity is a nonbinary construct that is defined as a person’s inherent sense of being a female, a male, a blend of male–female, or an alternative gender. ...
One-Bit Radar Processing With Time-Varying Sampling Thresholds

Target parameter estimation in active sensing, and particularly radar signal processing, is a long-standing problem that has been studied extensively. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for target parameter estimation in cases where one-bit analog-to-digital-converters (ADCs), also known as signal comparators with time-varying thresholds, are employed to sample the received radar signal instead of high-resolution ADCs. The considered problem has potential applications in the design of inexpensive radar and sensing devices in civilian applications, and can likely pave the way for future radar systems employing low-resolution ADCs for faster sampling and high-resolution target determination. We formulate the target estimation as a multivariate weighted-least-squares optimization problem that can be solved in a cyclic manner. Numerical results are provided to exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Beyond the premise of conquest: Indigenous and Black earth-worlds in the Anthropocene debates

This paper interrogates how the two major competing frameworks in the debates over framing our geological epoch – the Anthropocene and the Capitalocene – are unified in the reproduction of a Euroce...
Preclinical Evaluation of Gilteritinib on NPM1-ALK-Driven Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Cells.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. More than three-fourths of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive ALCL cases express the nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1)-ALK fusion gene as a result of t(2;5) chromosomal translocation. The homodimerization of NPM1-ALK fusion protein mediates constitutive activation of the chimeric tyrosine kinase activity and downstream signaling pathways responsible for lymphoma cell proliferation and survival. Gilteritinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of FMS-like tyrosine kinase mutation–positive acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time gilteritinib-mediated growth inhibitory effects on NPM1-ALK–driven ALCL cells. We utilized a total of five ALCL model cell lines, including both human and murine. Gilteritinib treatment inhibits NPM1-ALK fusion kinase phosphorylation and downstream signaling, resulting in induced apoptosis. Gilteritinib-mediated apoptosis was associated with caspase 3/9, PARP cleavage, the increased expression of proapoptotic protein BAD, and decreased expression of antiapoptotic proteins, survivin and MCL-1. We also found downregulation of fusion kinase activity resulted in decreased c-Myc protein levels. Furthermore, cell-cycle analysis indicated gilteritinib induced G0–G1-phase cell-cycle arrest and reduced CD30 expression. In summary, our preclinical studies explored the novel therapeutic potential of gilteritinib in the treatment of ALCL cells expressing NPM1-ALK and potentially in other ALK or ALK fusion–driven hematologic or solid malignancies. Implications: Our preclinical results explore the use of gilteritinib for the treatment of NPM1-ALK–driven ALCL cells and pave a path for developing future clinical trials. Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/00/0/000/F1.large.jpg.