cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
T cell-derived interleukin-10 is an important regulator of the Th17 response during lethal alphavirus encephalomyelitis

Neuroadapted Sindbis virus infection of mice causes T cell-mediated fatal encephalomyelitis. In the absence of IL-10, pathogenic Th17 cells are increased and disease is accelerated. Lymphoid and myeloid cell contributions to IL-10 production were determined using VertX IL-10 transcriptional eGFP reporter mice. Effector and regulatory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the brain, but not the cervical lymph nodes, were the primary producers of IL-10. Th17 and Th1/Th17 cells were increased in mice that lacked T cell IL-10 production, although less than in the absence of IL-10. Morbidity and mortality were not affected suggesting an IL-10 threshold for disease exacerbation.
THE MATRIX ITERATION METHOD FOR ELASTIC DEFORMATION OF MULTI-ROLL MILL BASED ON INFLUENCE FUNCTION METHOD

A new fast calculation method is proposed based on the influence function method for the elastic deformation of multi-roll mill.The shortcoming of the traditional influence function method is analyzed and the new matrix iteration method(MIM) is developed for the deformation calculation of multi-roll rolling mill system.The method offers significant improvements in accuracy,robustness and calculation workload,which is suitable for any type of multi-roll mill.According to MIM,the assembly stiffness matrix of Sendzimir mill is given and the characteristics of the stiffness matrix are discussed,then the iterative calculation process is listed.Roll system deformation model of Sendzimir mill is built by FEM software and the results of both MIM and FEM are compared with different work conditions.The comparison of the roll displacement verifies the reliability of MIM.
The Application of 16-slice Spiral CT in Pulmonary Embolism:An Experimental Study

Objective To evaluate the value of 16-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography in detecting peripheral pulmonary embolismin canine models. Methods The peripheral pulmonary embolism animal modes were made in 9 dogs by introducing gelatin sponge of2～4 mm in diameter and 1 cm at length into pulmonary arteries through a catheter under DSA,MSCTPA examination was performed 10 dayslatter, the original images were reconstructed at the console workstation. The image findings were compared with that of pathologicaldissections.Results The program of pulmonary embolism models in 9 cases was finished and pulmonary infarction were found in four dogs,52 pulmonary arteries including 2 lode arteries , 18 segmental arteries and 32 subsegmental arteries were involved to be found on MSCTPA,while 55 pulmonary arteries including 2 lode arteries,18 segmental arteries and 35 subsegmental arteries were involved in pathologicaldissections .The accuracy of 16-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography in diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary embolism and subsegmental pulmonary embolism was 94.34% and 91.43%,respectively, the positive predictive value was 94.12% in latter.Conclusion 16-slice spiral CT is a feasible method in diagnosing pulmonary embolism.
Plumb Lines Instead of a Wrecking Ball: A Model for Recalibrating Patent Scope

ion-broad descriptions and not just particular examples--otherwise applicants would list every variation in concrete terms and excruciating, expensive detail, 6 or file for many patents. A classroom exercise illustrates the problem. Even my patent law students who have engineering backgrounds struggle when trying to draft clear, concise, inclusive, anticipatory but not overinclusive or underinclusive claims for something as simple as a pair of scissors. The blades are at certain relative orientations; their abutting surfaces slide in juxtaposition when cutting; and the rotation about a fused or freely moving pivot piece must be described. And that is for a device with only three moving parts (or just two if the pivot piece is fused to a blade, and just one if the pivot piece is flexible and fused to both blades). Thus, it was not hyperbole or polite deference when the Supreme Court described patent applications as "one of the most difficult legal instruments to draw with
Carter Closes the Clasp

Few administrations produced such sharp divergences between promise and performance as the administration of Jimmy Carter. And in no area of policy was the divergence so great as in the Middle East.
STANDARISASI KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN BAHASA ARAB DI PERGURUAN TINGGI KEAGAMAAN ISLAM NEGERI

This study aimed at assessing and analyzing the bases of the standardization of KKNI -based curricular development of Arabic language education. The method used in this study was a qualitative method based on text analysis. Therefore, the analysis that was used to read and interpret qualitative data is content and system analyses. This study concluded that the standardization of Arabic language education curriculum should ideally be developed integratively, holistically and humanistically. Arabic language education curriculum development in the future must be based on philosophical, socio-cultural and linguistic theories, educational, technological and management educational bases; so that the Arabic language learning system developed could run more effectively. The standardization of KKNI and SNPT ­-based Arabic language curriculum should be developed as a multi-integrated system combined with four language skills plus study skills, theories of Arabic language education that are relevant to the development goals of the department, and the provision of real experience (e. g. live and interact with the Arab community) in a certain period of time in one of the Arab countries, while conducting a research and writing a scientific writing. DOI : 10.15408/a.v3i1.3187
GEMCITABINE-INDUCED RETINOPATHY.

Purpose:To report a case of Purtscher-like retinopathy associated with gemcitabine.Methods:The author reports a 68-year-old woman who presented with a 4-month history of bilateral vision loss. She had a history of diabetes, hypertension, and leiomyosarcoma, diagnosed 5 months before presentation and
Fault Sensitivity Analysis of Data Feedback Control Design Based on Multiobjective Optimization

This paper analyzes the fault sensitivity of data feedback control which is synthesized with H∞/H_ optimization technique. With I/O data, a closed-loop output predictor is parameterized by stochastically uncertain Markov parameters which are estimated by least squares. The estimation error due to bias and noise are rejected over infinite horizon and guarantees mean square stability in the sense of worst case. The measured I/O data is setup as state which makes the stability analysis and data feedback control synthesis possible. In order to improve fault sensitivity, the H_ index method is applied. Then, the controller design problem based on multiobjective optimization approach is solved in a numerically efficient way such as Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). The fault sensitivity is analyzed in the full frequency range and its effect on the pre-defined performance is described with a simulation example.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Abnormal Breathing Patterns Predict Extubation Failure in Neurocritically Ill Patients

In neurologically injured patients, predictors for extubation success are not well defined. Abnormal breathing patterns may result from the underlying neurological injury. We present three patients with abnormal breathing patterns highlighting failure of successful extubation as a result of these neurologically driven breathing patterns. Recognizing abnormal breathing patterns may be predictive of extubation failure and thus need to be considered as part of extubation readiness.
Multiplex testing of potentially ‘actionable’ alterations in small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

7592 Background: Therapy and outcomes of SCLC patients have not changed for many years. Recently, driver mutations have been identified in many cancers and targeting these mutations can provide clinical benefit. Recent data from whole genome sequencing suggest that driver mutations may exist in SCLCs. We conducted multiplex testing of SCLCs to identify mutations potentially predictive of response to novel and established therapeutics. Methods: We identified tumor tissues of 30 SCLC patients collected as part of two different institutional review board approved studies. Using the Sequenom MassArray system and a multiplexed panel, we analyzed tumor DNA for 214 mutations in 26 genes associated with the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Gene copy number analysis utilized a 180K oligonucleotide microarray and comparative genomic hybridization assay. Results: The median age at diagnosis of patients was 63 years; 66 % of were males; 23% were African-Americans; 57% patients had extensive stage SCLC at diagnosis. Point...
SEX RATIO FOLLOWING SUBJECTION OF SEMEN TO REDUCED ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

Cattle and rabbits have been subjects in investigations in which the possibility of producing a modified sex ratio by reducing the atmospheric pressure on semen before insemination has been studied. Bull semen collected at 300 m above sea level was used to inseminate Holstein cows at 2750 m elevation. 68% of the resulting 38 calves were males. Observations made on a total of 331 newborn male rabbits following insemination of parent with semen subjected to 0 vacuum 15 cm vacuum 30 cm vacuum or 60 cm vacuum for 10 mintes were as follows: 49.4 62.7 58.m and 46.9 respectively. 11 of the 13 Hereford calves born from inseminations with semen subjected to 15 cm vacuum for 10 minutes were males. Of 12 calves born form untreated beef semen 7 were males. It is unknown whether variation in physical pressure or in availability of specific gases were the causative factor. Additional research is needed to determine if atmospheric pressure alters sex ratio.
Inherent vulnerabilities in monoaminergic pathways predict the emergence of depressive impairments in an animal model of chronic epilepsy

The objective was to determine whether the depression comorbid with epilepsy could be predicted based on inherent premorbid patterns of monoaminergic transmission. In male Wistar rats, despair-like and anhedonia-like behaviors were examined using forced swimming and taste preference tests, respectively. Serotonergic raphe nucleus (RN)-prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA)-nucleus accumbens (NAcc) pathways were interrogated by fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). The assays were performed before and 2 months after pilocarpine status epilepticus. In a subset of naive rats, FSCV, coupled with the intensity-dependent stimulation paradigm, detected specific deviations in each pathway (six rats for RN-PFC and seven rats for VTA-NAcc, with overlap in two, of 19 total subjects) in the absence of behavioral impairments. During epilepsy, animals with preexisting deviations in RN-PFC invariably developed despair, and rats with deviations in VTA-NAcc developed anhedonia. Serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways, respectively, showed signs of explicit deterioration. We suggest that epilepsy triggers decompensations in the already vulnerable depression-relevant neuronal circuits, which culminate in depression. The established connection between the identified specific signatures in monoamine transmission in naive rats and specific symptoms of epilepsy-associated depression may help in understanding causes of comorbidity and in developing its early biomarkers.
Alkanethiolate-capped palladium nanoparticles for selective catalytic hydrogenation of dienes and trienes

Selective hydrogenation of dienes and trienes is an important process in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Our group previously reported that the thiosulfate protocol using a sodium S-alkylthiosulfate ligand could generate catalytically active Pd nanoparticles (PdNP) capped with a lower density of alkanethio-late ligands. This homogeneously soluble PdNP catalyst offers several advantages such as little contamination via Pd leaching and easy separation and recycling. In addition, the high activity of PdNP allows the reactions to be completed under mild conditions, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Herein, a PdNP catalyst capped with octanethiolate ligands (C8 PdNP) is investigated for the selective hydrogenation of conjugated dienes into monoenes. The strong influence of the thiolate ligands on the chemical and electronic properties of the Pd surface is confirmed by mechanistic studies and highly selective catalysis results. The studies also suggest two major routes for the conjugated diene hydrogenation: the 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition of hydrogen. The selectivity between two mono-hydrogenation products is controlled by the steric interaction of substrates and the thermodynamic stability of products. The catalytic hydrogenation of trienes also results in the almost quantitative formation of mono-hydrogenation products, the isolated dienes, from both ocimene and myrcene.
A mixed methods assessment of the barriers and readiness for meeting the SNAP depth of stock requirements in Baltimore’s small food stores

We sought to understand Baltimore corner store owners' awareness of and readiness for the then-approved Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program depth of stock requirements and assess potential barriers and solutions. In-depth interviews and stocking observations were conducted in 17 corner stores in low-income food deserts of Baltimore City. Corner store owners conveyed little to no awareness of the pending depth of stock changes. Only two stores were currently ready for the requirements. Low customer demand, high amounts of potential spoilage, and unfair pricing at the wholesaler were identified by store owners as barriers to stocking required foods.
Participants’ Perceptions on the Use of Wearable Devices to Reduce Sitting Time: Qualitative Analysis

Background: Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that, on average, people are sedentary for approximately 7.7 hours per day. There are deleterious effects of prolonged sedentary behavior that are separate from participation in physical activity and include increased risk of weight gain, cancer, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and heart disease. Previous trials have used wearable devices to increase physical activity in studies; however, additional research is needed to fully understand how this technology can be used to reduce sitting time. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of wearable devices as an intervention tool in a larger sedentary behavior study through a general inductive and deductive analysis of focus group discussions. Methods: We conducted four focus groups with 15 participants to discuss 7 different wearable devices with sedentary behavior capabilities. Participants recruited for the focus groups had previously participated in a pilot intervention targeting sedentary behavior over a 3-week period and were knowledgeable about the challenges of reducing sitting time. During the focus groups, participants commented on the wearability, functionality, and feedback mechanism of each device and then identified their two favorite and two least favorite devices. Finally, participants designed and described their ideal or dream wearable device. Two researchers, who have expertise analyzing qualitative data, coded and analyzed the data from the focus groups. A thematic analysis approach using Dedoose software (SocioCultural Research Consultants, LLC version 7.5.9) guided the organization of themes that reflected participants’ perspectives. Results: Analysis resulted in 14 codes that we grouped into themes. Three themes emerged from our data: (1) features of the device, (2) data the device collected, and (3) how data are displayed. Conclusions: Current wearable devices for increasing physical activity are insufficient to intervene on sitting time. This was especially evident when participants voted, as several participants reported using a “process of elimination” as opposed to choosing favorites because none of the devices were ideal for reducing sitting time. To overcome the limitations in current devices, future wearable devices designed to reduce sitting time should include the following features: waterproof, long battery life, accuracy in measuring sitting time, real time feedback on progress toward sitting reduction goals, and flexible options for prompts to take breaks from sitting.
Extending the Power-Efficiency and Performance of Photonic Interconnects for Heterogeneous Multicores with Machine Learning

As communication energy exceeds computation energy in future technologies, traditional on-chip electrical interconnects face fundamental challenges in the many-core era. Photonic interconnects have been proposed as a disruptive technology solution due to superior performance per Watt, distance independent energy consumption and CMOS compatibility for on-chip interconnects. Static power due to the laser being always switched on, varying link utilization due to spatial and temporal traffic fluctuations and thermal sensitivity are some of the critical challenges facing photonics interconnects. In this paper, we propose photonic interconnects for heterogeneous multicores using a checkerboard pattern that clusters CPU-GPU cores together and implements bandwidth reconfiguration using local router information without global coordination. To reduce the static power, we also propose a dynamic laser scaling technique that predicts the power level for the next epoch using the buffer occupancy of previous epoch. To further improve power-performance trade-offs, we also propose a regression-based machine learning technique for scaling the power of the photonic link. Our simulation results demonstrate a 34% performance improvement over a baseline electrical CMESH while consuming 25% less energy per bit when dynamically reallocating bandwidth. When dynamically scaling laser power, our buffer-based reactive and ML-based proactive prediction techniques show 40 - 65% in power savings with 0 - 14% in throughput loss depending on the reservation window size.
Intercurrent cytomegalovirus colitis in a patient with ulcerative colitis.

Abstract Acute intercurrent CMV colitis developed in a patient with UC who was receiving prednisone. CMV infection was suggested by light and electron microscopic study of a rectal biopsy taken during the acute episode and was confirmed by serology done nine months later. The microscopic studies of plastic-embedded tissues demonstrated that infected cells were concentrated in a subendothelial location and were presumably macrophages. Epithelial and endothelial cells were not involved. Steroid therapy and the inflammation and repair process (granulartion tissue) of active UC may have predisposed the present patient to CMV colitis. CMV infection has been reported to be more common in patients with UC than in the general population. Detection of CMV colitis in patients with UC could be of special importance since alteration of immunosuppressive therapy may be indicated.
Hypoxia regulates RNA splicing of HIF targets.

Hypoxia or reduced oxygen level is frequently observed in solid tumors. Hypoxia plays a significant role in solid tumor progression and metastasis by stabilizing hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) to activate gene transcription. The majority of human genes are alternatively spliced, producing RNA isoforms that code for functionally distinct proteins. Thus, it is unclear if HIF promotes tumor progression by increasing a particular RNA isoform or all isoforms of each HIF target gene. To address this question, we analyzed hypoxia response at RNA isoform levels [1, 2].
Moral Rights and Positive Law

No jurist or legal philosopher will, I trust, expect me to address the theory of natural law. Natural law theories are many and diverse. One such theory holds that natural law is a model of the ideal system of positive law and that any deviation from this higher law renders legislation or judicial decision defective in legal validity because deficient in moral justice. I shall here ignore the relationship, if any, between moral justice and legal validity and shall focus instead upon the other main thesis of this theory, that positive law ought to recognize and thus duplicate natural law in every detail. Among other things, the natural law confers upon individuals, and perhaps corporate bodies also, certain moral rights. Fundamental moral rights are familiar from the traditional natural rights documents and more recent declarations and conventions concerning human rights. From such basic rights, many more specific moral rights can be derived. Is it true that every moral right of the individual ought to be somewhow incorporated into the legal system of every country?
Development and Characterization of Polyurethane Foams with Substitution of Polyether Polyol with Soy-Based Polyol

Abstract Bio-based polyols can replace petroleum-based polyols for producing a wide range of polyurethane (PU) products. Bio-based polyols are derived from renewable resources, however, their utilization is limited due to the complex molecular structure and relatively low primary hydroxyl content. This study aims to substitute the petroleum-based polyols with soy-based polyols for the fabrication of rigid PU foams with comparable or better physical properties required for thermal and structural applications. The effects of blending soy-based polyol, of hydroxyl number 230 mg KOH/g with high functionality soy-based cross-linker were investigated. The fabricated samples were tested for density, compressive strength, tensile strength, thermal resistivity, thermal stability and dimensional stability. The blended foam samples exhibited better thermal resistivity (8% higher), compressive properties (about 512% higher) and tensile strength (287% higher) when compared to control specimens. It was concluded that the polyols blended with soy-based cross-linker in 95:5 ratio by weight resulted in properties better than control samples, and comparable to commercial petroleum-based foams.
Cytologic patterns of cervical adenocarcinomas with emphasis on factors associated with underdiagnosis

Background New cervical cancers continue to be diagnosed despite the success of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests. In an effort to identify pitfalls that limit the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, the authors reviewed the cytologic characteristics of endocervical adenocarcinomas in their patient population. Methods Liquid-based cytology slides from 45 women who had concurrent, histologically confirmed cervical adenocarcinomas were reviewed retrospectively and semiquantitatively for 25 key cytologic traits. The original sign-out diagnosis, available clinical findings, and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) results also were noted. Results Abundant tumor cellularity, nuclear size from 3 to 6 times normal, abundant 3-dimensional tumor cell groups, round cell shape, and cytoplasmic neutrophils characterized the 23 cases that were identified correctly as adenocarcinomas. Key reasons for undercalls included low tumor cellularity and low-grade columnar morphology; these also tended to correlate with low-grade or unusual adenocarcinoma variants on histology. Overall, 73% of adenocarcinomas had a concurrent positive HR HPV test. Conclusions Most endocervical adenocarcinomas can be diagnosed accurately in cases with classical features, but some cases continue to be problematic when evaluated based on cytologic features alone. Reflex HPV testing may help increase Pap test sensitivity for challenging cases that have atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance. Occasional cases with negative HR HPV test results remain of concern.
Food webs and species biodiversity of the fouling community associated with bivalve aquaculture farms compared to analogous non-farm structures.

Abstract Bivalve aquaculture farms are an integral part of the surrounding coastal marine ecosystem and associated food webs. What is not well understood is how these anthropogenically manipulated, dense, single-species cultures influence species trophodynamics in the coastal ocean. Fouling macrofauna biodiversity, macroalgae biomass, sediment, and food web structure were studied at two blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) floating raft rope-culture aquaculture farm structures and two analogous floating dock structures without mussels in Casco Bay, Maine, USA during the summers of 2016 and 2017. Shannon Wiener diversity index of macrofauna was variable across structures compared depending on month. Macroalgae biomass was significantly higher on farm structures exclusively due to green macroalgae. There was no shift in food web structure determined by stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) and Layman metrics. This study is an initial step critical to assessing interactions of bivalve farms with coastal food webs.
Validation of a risk screening tool for pediatric type 1 diabetes patients: a predictor of increased acute health care utilization.

Background Both psychosocial and socioeconomic risk factors contribute to poor glycemic control (GC). Previous research has identified that diabetes care behaviors are generally 'set' by late childhood, further highlighting the importance of psychosocial screening and intervention in the early course of disease management. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether this brief risk assessment tool is associated with GC and acute health care (HC) utilization, and to evaluate the discriminatory utility of the tool for predicting poor outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective cohort design in which we compared risk assessment scores with health outcomes at 6, 12, and 18 months after new-onset type 1 diabetes diagnosis for 158 patients between 2015 and 2017. The two primary outcome variables were GC and acute HC utilization. Results Our data demonstrate that the greatest utility of the tool is for predicting increased acute HC utilization. It was most useful in differentiating between patients with vs. without any acute HC utilization, with excellent discriminatory ability (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.93), sensitivity (90%), and specificity (97%). Conclusions Knowledge of the risk category in addition to identification of individual risk factors within each domain allows for not only clear treatment pathways but also individualized interventions. The risk assessment tool was less effective at differentiating patients with poor GC; however, the tool did have high specificity (83%) for predicting poor GC at 18 months which suggests that the tool may also be useful for predicting patients at risk for poor GC.
Old Town Roads: routes of auxin biosynthesis across kingdoms

Auxin is an important signaling molecule synthesized in organisms from multiple kingdoms of life, including land plants, green algae, and bacteria. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences in auxin biosynthesis among these organisms. Tryptophan-dependent routes to IAA are found in land plants, green algae and bacteria. Recent sequencing efforts show that the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway, one of the primary biosynthetic pathways in land plants, is also found in the green algae. These similarities raise questions about the origin of auxin biosynthesis. Future studies comparing auxin biosynthesis across kingdoms will shed light on its origin and role outside of the plant lineage.
Ulcerative colitis: postsurgical

Abstract Various modalities are performed in the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis has been the surgical treatment of choice for patients with UC or familial adenomatous polyposis who require colectomy. In a selected patient population, who are not qualified for pelvic pouch or have failed pelvic pouch, continent ileostomies may be constructed. Surgery for UC involves significant alterations in bowel anatomy. Therefore an accurate endoscopic identification of landmarks and severity and distribution of the anatomically altered bowel is critical for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of ileal pouch disorders and disorders of other residual segments of the bowel in UC patients
Enduring Effects of Nationalistic Ideology on Strategy Formation Process: The Case of Nippon Gakki

The enduring effect of the intense ideological experience of key organizational actors—top executives—on their subsequent strategic decisions is explored through a longitudinal archival case study ...
Examination of (α,n) Signatures as a Means of Plutonium Quantification in Electrochemical Reprocessing

In this paper, we investigate the possibility of plutonium quantification within the electrorefiner vessel of an electrochemical separation facility via the use of the (α,n) neutron signature from ...
"Hurt people hurt people": Relations between adverse experiences and patterns of cyber and in-person aggression and victimization among urban adolescents.

This study identified subgroups of adolescents with distinct patterns of involvement with overt and relational in-person and cyber aggression and victimization. We also assessed subgroup similarities and differences in exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), exposure to community violence, and trauma symptoms. Using latent class analysis, we identified three subgroups among 265 adolescents (Mage = 14.3 years; 57% female; 96% African American) residing in three urban high-burden communities that included youth who reported: (a) combined (cyber and in-person) aggression and victimization (17%), (b) in-person aggression and victimization (51%), and (c) adolescents with limited involvement (32%). Youth in the combined aggressive-victims subgroup had the highest probability of endorsing exposure to community violence, trauma symptoms, and a higher number of ACEs overall as well as higher rates of both verbal and physical abuse compared to the other subgroups. Our results indicated that the adolescents who reported the highest frequencies of aggressive behavior were also the most victimized and traumatized. These findings provide context to aggressive behavior among adolescents living in high-burden, urban communities and underscore the need for trauma-informed prevention interventions.
Evaluating alternative rebuilding plans for mixed stock fisheries

Abstract Rebuilding overfished stocks is central to fisheries policy, with the United States Magnuson-Stevens Act aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.4 “to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield.” In mixed stock fisheries, very low allowable catches for rebuilding stocks can lead to an inability to harvest abundant stocks. There are consequently trade-offs between the yield obtained during rebuilding and the rate of rebuilding. We retrospectively evaluate rebuilding plans in the US West Coast groundfish fishery to identify alternative harvest strategies that could have minimized adverse impacts to stakeholders while still achieving stock rebuilding targets. We use current assessments of 13 groundfish stocks to project spawning biomass and catch under various harvest policies. We estimate that an additional $886 million USD in ex-vessel revenue could have been obtained had an FMSY strategy permitting slower rebuilding rates been adopted. We also examined what catch limits would have been under a FMSY strategy using the information available at the time rebuilding plans were implemented. These alternative catch limits would have provided much greater fishing opportunity while still rebuilding the stocks. Our findings support those of the National Research Council, which in 2014 reported that rebuilding plans based on fishing mortality rates may be preferable to those focused on meeting strict rebuilding timelines.
Soft Tissue Repair and Regeneration: Composite Materials Toward the Design of Advanced Prostheses and Scaffolds

The restoration of tissue biomechanical function represents a great challenge, underlining the need to mimic tissue structure and mechanical behavior through suitable prosthesis and scaffold designs. For this reason, several materials, technologies, and designs have been widely proposed and studied from an experimental and/or a clinical point of view. Polymer-based composite materials are suitable candidates for applications where high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios and specific performances are required. Taking into account tissue structure-function relationships, the design of biomimetic composite devices able to reproduce the multiscale structural hierarchy of complex tissues represents a crucial feature for tissue repair and regeneration. In particular, this article aims at stressing the importance of polymer-based composite materials to design advanced prostheses and scaffolds for soft tissue engineering, with a special focus on tendons, ligaments, intervertebral disk, and meniscus. Keywords: soft tissues; polymer-based composite materials; prostheses; scaffolds; tendons; ligaments; intervertebral disk; meniscus
Development and use of species-specific oligonucleotide probes for differentiation of Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus parauberis

Oligonucleotide probes specific for 16S rRNA and capable of differentiating Streptococcus uberis and S. parauberis from each other and other esculin-hydrolyzing streptococci were developed. Use of a mini-RNA extraction technique for gram-positive cocci associated with bovine mastitis has allowed the probes to be used for identification of esculin-hydrolyzing streptococci from two dairy herds at the Institute for Animal Health, Compton, United Kingdom. One hundred seventy-nine of 206 isolates were identified as S. uberis, 3 were identified as S. parauberis, and 24 were not identified. Isolates not identified by the probes were tested biochemically and found to be mainly Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis, or S. bovis.
Synaptic plasticity in epileptogenesis: Cellular mechanisms underlying long-lasting synaptic modifications that require new gene expression

Publisher Summary A central hypothesis in epilepsy research is that abnormal neuronal activity in certain vulnerable circuits can trigger synaptic and/or circuit modifications that permanently enhance neuronal excitability. This process plays an important role in epileptogenesis. Repeated, intense synaptic activation then causes modifications in these downstream sites, leading to permanent increases in neuronal excitability. As excitability increases, more and more neurons are recruited into abnormal discharge patterns, so that eventually, a region that is downstream from the primary focus can begin to exhibit spontaneous independent epileptiform discharges. Early studies suggested that both memory formation and secondary epileptogenesis might involve similar cellular and molecular mechanisms. Key evidence was that the transition from short-term (labile) to long-term (stable) memory was sensitive to the blockade of transcription or translation during the first few hours after training. Evidence for what is now regarded as a central postulate for the cellular mechanism of the modern favorite candidate mechanism for memory (long-term potentiation (LTP)) came initially from studies of mirror focus development and kindling, before the phenomenon of LTP had even been discovered. As is discussed in the chapter, these ideas now suggest novel therapeutic strategies for preventing epileptogenesis by interfering with the expression of key genes during the “consolidation” phase of secondary epileptogenesis.
De las preferencias ajenas líbrenos la poesía

Tambor en la sombra: Poesia colombiana del siglo XX. Henry Luque Munoz (seleccion y prologo) Bogota y Ciudad de Mexico, Verdehalago, Banco de la Republica / Editorial Ponciano Arriaga, 1996, 494 pags. Antologia de la poesia colombiana. Rogelio Echavarria. (seleccion y prologo) Bogota, Ministerio de Cultura / El Ancora Editore 1997,689 pags. Colombia: poesia contemporanea. John Fitzgerald Torres y Rafael del Castillo (seleccion y prologo). Bogota y Buenos Aires, Cooperativa Editorial Magisterio / Libro de Tierra Firme, 1998, 159 pag.
Traffic backlog and impact on network dimensioning for survivability for wide-area VP-based ATM networks*

It has been recently observed that the dominant factor on network performance after a failure in a packet switched network is the transient or nonstationary congestion period triggered by the backlog of packets due to retransmission after a failure. Given this observation, we address the survivable network design problem for VP-based ATM networks by introducing the transient time threshold to clear backlog as one of the quality-of-service parameters and present a design framework. Through computational work on test networks, we observe that if this parameter is not incorporated, a network (where services do backlog traffic after a failure) may be under designed resulting in noticeably longer transient period than any acceptable threshold.
Periodic Exposure to a Brief Light Signal Stimulates Neuroendocrine‐Gonadal Activity in Golden Hamsters

The photoperiodic effects of a periodic light pulse on neuroendocrine-gonadal activity in the male golden hamster was examined using a night interruption paradigm. Adult male hamsters that had been housed 3 to 5 per cage on LD 14:10 were placed either in individual cages, each equipped with a running wheel, or maintained in communal housing conditions, without access to a running wheel. Animals were then transferred to either LD 6:18 or to a LD 6:18 light cycle with a periodic 10-second night interruption (8 hours after lights off) occurring once every two, four, or seven days. As expected, exposure to LD 6:18 for 11 weeks induced complete regression of the testes and seminal vesicles, accompanied by low serum levels of LH and FSH, in both individually and communally-housed animals. However, in individually-housed animals receiving a 10-second night interruption every other day on LD 6:18, paired testis and seminal vesicle weights, as well as serum gonadotropin levels, were maintained at values comparable to those normally observed in hamsters exposed to photostimulatory long days. Furthermore, the presentation of a periodic 10-second night interruption once every four or seven days to individually-housed animals with access to a running wheel was sufficient to partially or totally block the inhibitory effects of short days on neuroendocrine-gonadal activity. Communally-housed hamsters receiving a 10-second light pulse once every two, four, or seven days also exhibited paired testis and seminal vesicle weights, as well as serum gonadotropin levels, that were consistently higher than the values obtained for animals exposed only to LD 6:18. However, the efficacy of each night interruption paradigm in maintaining testicular and seminal vesicle weight in communally-housed animals was considerably less than that observed for animals with access to a running wheel. These results demonstrate that the periodic presentation of a brief photic stimulus once every two, four, or seven days during the dark phase of an inhibitory light cycle can influence the neuroendocrine events underlying the photoperiodic regulation of gonadal function. This experimental approach, whereby a discrete stimulus is periodically administered at a specific arcadian time to induce a photoperiodic response, should provide a valuable model for examining the physiologic mechanisms by which light regulates the neuroendocrine-gonadal axis in mammals.
Abstract Approach to Ramsey Theory and Ramsey Theorems for Finite Trees

I will give a presentation of an abstract approach to finite Ramsey theory found in an earlier paper of mine. I will prove from it a common generalization of Deuber’s Ramsey theorem for regular trees and a recent Ramsey theorem of Jasinski for boron tree structures. This generalization appears to be new. I will also show, in exercises, how to deduce from it the Milliken Ramsey theorem for strong subtrees.
Defining goals in a COTS-aware requirements engineering approach: Regular Paper

The goals of developing systems better, faster, and cheaper continue to drive software engineering practitioners and researchers to investigate software engineering methodologies. In requirements engineering, the focus has traditionally been on modeling the software engineering process and products for systems that are being built from scratch. As the size and complexity of systems continues to grow the use of commercial off the shelf (COTS) components is being viewed as a solution. Effective use of COTS components, however, requires a systematic approach that provides both a set of concepts for modeling the subject matter and a set of guidelines for using such concepts. In particular, the process needs to recognize and address the people oriented problems including the identification and resolution of conflicting goals, bridging the gaps between stated requirements and “approximately fitting” components while still satisfying the customer. In this paper, we present a goal and agent oriented requirements engineering process model that explicitly addresses the use of COTS components. More specifically, we present (part of) our model for a COTS-Aware Requirements Engineering (CARE) process and illustrate it using a Digital Library System (DLS). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 7: 61–83, 2004
Backpressure Traffic Control Algorithms in Field-like Signal Operations

Traffic signal control is one of the most common means of traffic management in urban areas. To create an efficient urban transportation network, the optimization of signal control strategy is required. Various methods and tools can be used for that purpose. This study proposes two signal control algorithms that are based on backpressure model, which is originally developed to maximize the throughput in communication networks. Thus, one of the goals was to determine if such control strategies can lead to maximum throughput through an urban traffic network. In addition, the evaluation of the two algorithms included comparison of their performances with the performances of the conventional signal control strategies in microsimulation software. Evaluation results, in terms of various performance measures, demonstrate that backpressure control models are outperformed by conventional (fixed and actuated) signal timings optimized by a genetic algorithm.
A Three-Axis Model for Conceptualizing the Relevant Elements Involved in Cross-Cultural Training

Up to one-third of Americans who take foreign assignments are unsuccessful, largely because of either the lack of experience in, or training for, intercultural living or working. This lack of success is indeed problematic at a time when American businesses must seek global markets. The poor success rate has precipitated increased interest in cross-cultural training. Much of the reported cross-cultural training is experiential, however, and is therefore limited in transferability to other situations. The experiential base often provides no analytical structure for developing training programs for other situations. This article reviews both research and experiential literature and presents a three-axis matrix as an analytical base for developing cross-cultural training. The axes systematically focus attention on differences in culture, function (task roles), and situations.
Modeling Spatial Variations of Sea Level Rise and Corresponding Inundation Impacts: A Case Study for Florida, USA

As the human society is facing potentially significant environmental impacts due to climate change, accurate impact assessments of sea level rise (SLR) are also critically needed. In this study, to conduct reliable SLR projection and inundation assessment, an integrated modeling framework is proposed and the application of this methodology is demonstrated for the State of Florida, USA. This framework utilizes a dynamic system model (DSM) with spatial analysis capability to predict the regional sea level change. The DSM projections are then used for geographic information system (GIS) based inundation analysis. Results show that the proposed methodology provides reliable inundation assessment for the likely scenario of spatially variable SLR over the 21st century and can be utilized in other coastal regions of the world to aid management decision in a timely manner.
Large angle elastic and inelastic scattering of protons from 40 Ca at 800 MeV

Measurements are reported for the elastic and inelastic scattering of 800 MeV protons from $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$. Differential cross sections were measured out to 42\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} while analyzing powers were obtained out to 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The angular distributions are diffractive in character at all angles. Theoretical analysis of the data was carried out in the framework of the diffraction multiple scattering theory. The following results were obtained: (i) Diffraction multiple scattering theory reproduces the data qualitatively out to the large momentum transfers. (ii) For the ground state density distribution ${〈{{r}_{p}}^{2}〉}^{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}{〈{{r}_{n}}^{2}〉}^{\frac{1}{2}}=0.142\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.075$ fm is obtained and the analysis favors the value of the correlation length ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{c}=\ensuremath{-}0.5$ fm. (iii) The excitation of the lowest-lying collective states (${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${5}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${2}^{+}$) was analyzed using one-phonon excitation macroscopic parameters. The values of the ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}$, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{3}$, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{5}$ parameters obtained agree quantitatively with lower energy ($p$,${p}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) scattering results.
FEMINISM AS LIFE RAFT

We looked at relationships between academic women's feminist identity and their perceptions of discrimination. From a sample of self-labeled feminist professors of psychology who had participated in the Feminist Teaching Project, we examined previously transcribed interviews and also collected new, auxiliary information. We expected to find that our respondents would view feminism as both provoking discrimination and helping them cope with discrimination. We found that experiences with gender discrimination were common among our sample, but that feminism in isolation was not perceived by our respondents as a provocation for problems. Rather than making it hard for women to swim in academic waters, feminism seemed to serve as a life raft for many professors.
142 ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC EVALUATION OF TETRALOGY OF FALLOT TOF REPAIR: EARLY POSTOPERATIVE STUDIES

Cardiac arrhythmias are common after repair of TOF and are associated with sudden death. We performed 9 electrophysiologic studies in 5 patients (pt.), ages 6-16 yrs. with TOF 1-26 days after repair to identify pt. at risk for arrhythmias. Rapid atrial pacing and programmed atrial and ventricular stimulation were carried out using intracardiac catheters (2 pt.-2 studies) or epicardial pacing wires placed intraoperatively on the right atrium, right ventricular apex (RVA) and outflow tract (RVOT, 5 pt.-7 studies). Epicardial pacing studies were performed at the bedside or in the intensive care unit (ICU). Junctional rhythm was present at the first study in 2 pt. Wenckenbach periodicity occurred at an average cycle length of 236 + 88 Msec. Dual pathway atrio-ventricular conduction, anterograde and retrograde, was observed in 1 pt. Atrial flutter was induced in 1 pt. Ventricular effective (VERP) and functional (VFRP) refractory periods (RP) determined at the RVA (VERP 193.8 ± 19.3, VFRP 212.5 ± 19.8 mesc) and RVOT (VERP 197.5 ± 19.2, VFRP 215.3 ± 19.3 msec) were similar. The ventricular RP determined by intracardiac or epicardial stimulation were identical. Repetitive ventricular responses were observed in 1 pt. Single (S1, S2) or double (S1, S2, S3) extrastimuli failed to induce ventricular arrhythmia. These observations suggest that electrophysiologic studies can be safely carried out in the immediate post operative period at the bedside or in the ICU and may be helpful in identifying pt. at risk of developing cardiac arrhythmia.