cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Localization of Epidermal Growth Factor-stimulated Ras/Raf-1 Interaction to Caveolae Membrane

An essential step in the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent activation of MAP kinase is the recruitment of Raf-1 to the plasma membrane. Here we present evidence that caveolae are the membrane site where Raf-1 is recruited. Caveolae fractions prepared from normal Rat-1 cells grown in the absence of serum were highly enriched in both EGF receptors and Ras. Thirty seconds after EGF was added to these cells Raf-1 began to appear in caveolae but not in non-caveolae membrane fractions. The maximum concentration was reached at 3 min followed by a decline over the next 60 min. During this time EGF receptors disappeared from the caveolae fraction while the concentration of Ras remained constant. The Raf-1 in this fraction was able to phosphorylate MAP kinase kinase, whereas cytoplasmic Raf-1 in the same cell was inactive. Elevation of cellular cAMP blocked the recruitment of Raf-1 to caveolae. Overexpression of Ha-RasV12 caused the recruitment of Raf-1 to caveolae independently of EGF stimulation, and this was blocked by the farnesyltransferase inhibitor BZA-5B. Finally, prenylation appeared to be required for localization of Ras to caveolae.
Interfacial tension measurements of colloidal suspensions: An explanation of colloidal particle-driven interfacial flows

In previous work, we have shown that a dilute suspension of colloidal particles will spontaneously flow when placed in a container. The flow is caused by interfacial tension gradients created by aggregates of the colloidal particles on the interface. In this paper, we present some results that show the interfacial tension of charged stabilized titania suspensions significantly decreases within certain volume fractions. The data show that the interfacial tension is indeed a strong function of the particle concentration and help explain the unusual results seen in the flow experiments.
Depth rendition of three-dimensional displays

The third dimension in the reproduction of real scenes in three-dimensional displays is commonly subject to scale changes. The geometry of the situation is laid out, permitting the depth rendition of displays to be characterized and subjected to empirical examination. Psychophysical experiments are presented showing, even when geometrical deformations have been factored out, specific deviations from veridicality in observers’ depth reports for stereograms of simple static patterns devoid of secondary cues.
Infrared imaging of Venus: 8–14 micrometers

High-spatial-resolution images of Venus were obtained at wavelengths between 8 and 14 microns when the planet was at a phase angle of 112 deg with the morning terminator in view. The images confirm the existence of a previously mapped flux anomaly near the south pole and show evidence of other infrared features, presumably transient in nature. Flux differences of 2-7% were measured, corresponding to brightness temperature variations of roughly 1-3 K. The images also confirm the difference between polar and equatorial limb darkening. Finally, evidence is presented for a night-day asymmetry in the flux, with the brightness temperature greater by about 2 K on the sunlit side.
Variation in size at birth and cigarette smoking during pregnancy

The influence of cigarette smoking during pregnancy and other familial factors on size at birth and gestation length is investigated among 458 births to 227 mothers living in a suburban community in the U.S. In this sample, 56% of the births were to mothers who reported not smoking during the pregnancy and 35% were to mothers who reported smoking 20 cigarettes or less. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was employed to examine the influence of cigarette smoking after statistical adjustment for such social and biological characteristics of the family as parents' sizes, education, income, and aspects of mother's reproductive history. After correction for significant social and biological characteristics, smoking status was a significant contributor to birth weight variation. In fact, cigarette smoking had the next-largest partial correlation coefficient (r = -0.26) second to gestation length. Birth length is also negatively associated with cigarette smoking, though not so strongly as is birth weight. The reduction in birth lengths can be attributed to the reduction in birth weights. Gestation length was not associated with cigarette smoking in this sample. The analysis of collinearity between smoking status and the other independent variables indicates that the effect of smoking appears to be independent of interrelationships among the independent variables.
Cloning and expression of a gene encoding Sm16, an anti-inflammatory protein from Schistosoma mansoni

The gene encoding Sm16, an anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory protein present abundantly in secretions of the infective stages of Schistosoma mansoni was cloned and partially characterized. A data base analysis showed sequence homology to an earlier reported schistosomular stathmin-like gene sequences reported in dbEST and Genbank. The putative gene coding for Sm16 is of 500 bp with an open reading frame of 117 aa that included an N-terminal signal peptide sequence of 18 aa. There are three potential sites for phosphorylation (two serine and one tyrosine residue) but no glycosylation sites in the sequence. The coding region of Sm16 was amplified from cercarial cDNA, cloned and expressed in bacterial and insect expression systems. The purified recombinant protein showed strong immunoreactivity with a polyclonal rabbit anti-Sm16 antibody raised against the native anti-inflammatory protein Sm16. Contrary to earlier report, this gene appears to be not stage-specific. Metabolic labeling studies suggested that Sm16 is phosphorylated and is synthesized by both cercariae and schistosomula of S. mansoni. Sequence homology with human stathmin, a cell cycle regulatory phospho protein, was 30%. However, when probed with specific antibodies, no cross reactivity was observed between Sm16 and human stathmin.
Analysis of pharmacokinetic data using parametric models—1: Regression models

This is the first in a series of tutorial articles discussing the analysis of pharmacokinetic data using parametric models. In this article, the purposes of modelling are discussed; regression models for individuals and populations are defined; and structural and variance models are discussed as the two required submodels of the overall regression model. Topics of future articles are: point estimates of parameters; interval estimates of parameters; model criticism and choosing among contending models; population kinetic models and estimation; and elements of optimal design.
Analytical investigation of low-power all-optical switching using cascaded Kerr-phase modulators

The effective phase modulation of cascaded Kerr-birefringent fibers have been modeled numerically. the results indicate increased modulation for multistage structures. These structures are used to design low-power interferometric switches showing noncyclic transfer characteristics and having stable ON/OFF states.
Examples of boundary layers associated with the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

The author surveys a few examples of boundary layers for which the Prandtl boundary layer theory can be rigorously validated. All of them are associated with the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for Newtonian fluids equipped with various Dirichlet boundary conditions (specified velocity). These examples include a family of (nonlinear 3D) plane parallel flows, a family of (nonlinear) parallel pipe flows, as well as flows with uniform injection and suction at the boundary. We also identify a key ingredient in establishing the validity of the Prandtl type theory, i.e., a spectral constraint on the approximate solution to the Navier-Stokes system constructed by combining the inviscid solution and the solution to the Prandtl type system. This is an additional difficulty besides the wellknown issue related to the well-posedness of the Prandtl type system. It seems that the main obstruction to the verification of the spectral constraint condition is the possible separation of boundary layers. A common theme of these examples is the inhibition of separation of boundary layers either via suppressing the velocity normal to the boundary or by injection and suction at the boundary so that the spectral constraint can be verified. A meta theorem is then presented which covers all the cases considered here.
Differences in laser-induced autofluorescence between adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps and normal colonic mucosa by confocal microscopy.

Laser-induced autofluorescence has been used to discriminate normal from adenomatous colonic mucosa. However, few studies to date have studied the origin of colonic autofluorescence. Using confocal microscopy (excitation wavelength 488 nm), we have shown that autofluorescence at this wavelength is present predominantly in the lamina propria of normal mucosa but in the epithelium in adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps. The intensity ratio of epithelial cell to lamina propria fluorescence was significantly lower (P<0.0001) in normal mucosa (0.52±0.01) compared with either adenomatous (1.6±0.2) or hyperplastic polyps (1.7±0.15). However, the ratios were not significantly different between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps. Thus, confocal microscopy enables the detection of the sites of autofluorescence within colonic mucosa and the quantitation of differences in fluorescence between different tissue types.
Wood Flour/Polypropylene Composites: Influence of Maleated Polypropylene and Process and Composition Variables on Mechanical Properties

Abstract The mechanical properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites may be improved by using coupling agents to enhance the bonding between filler and matrix. We used a two-level, full-factorial experiment to examine the effectiveness of a commercially available additive, Epolene E-43, on strength (tensile, flexural, and cantilever-beam), modulus, impact energy, density, and melt viscosity of composites. The effect of Epolene E-43 was studied alone and in combination with three other variables: the weight ratio of wood flour to total polymer in the composites (45/55 or 55/45), size of wood flour particles (nominal 20 or 40 mesh), and extruder residence time (one or three extrusions). Of all the variables, Epolene E-43 had the greatest effect on strength. This effect was somewhat enhanced by using the 40-mesh wood flour and three extrusions; for this combination of variables, Epolene E-43 caused a 30 percent increase in strength. The combination of Epolene E-43 with a 55/45 wood flour/polymer ratio a...
Predictive oncology: A review of multidisciplinary, multiscale in silico modeling linking phenotype, morphology and growth

Abstract Empirical evidence and theoretical studies suggest that the phenotype, i.e., cellular- and molecular-scale dynamics, including proliferation rate and adhesiveness due to microenvironmental factors and gene expression that govern tumor growth and invasiveness, also determine gross tumor-scale morphology. It has been difficult to quantify the relative effect of these links on disease progression and prognosis using conventional clinical and experimental methods and observables. As a result, successful individualized treatment of highly malignant and invasive cancers, such as glioblastoma, via surgical resection and chemotherapy cannot be offered and outcomes are generally poor. What is needed is a deterministic, quantifiable method to enable understanding of the connections between phenotype and tumor morphology. Here, we critically assess advantages and disadvantages of recent computational modeling efforts (e.g., continuum, discrete, and cellular automata models) that have pursued this understanding. Based on this assessment, we review a multiscale, i.e., from the molecular to the gross tumor scale, mathematical and computational “first-principle” approach based on mass conservation and other physical laws, such as employed in reaction-diffusion systems. Model variables describe known characteristics of tumor behavior, and parameters and functional relationships across scales are informed from in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo biology. We review the feasibility of this methodology that, once coupled to tumor imaging and tumor biopsy or cell culture data, should enable prediction of tumor growth and therapy outcome through quantification of the relation between the underlying dynamics and morphological characteristics. In particular, morphologic stability analysis of this mathematical model reveals that tumor cell patterning at the tumor–host interface is regulated by cell proliferation, adhesion and other phenotypic characteristics: histopathology information of tumor boundary can be inputted to the mathematical model and used as a phenotype-diagnostic tool to predict collective and individual tumor cell invasion of surrounding tissue. This approach further provides a means to deterministically test effects of novel and hypothetical therapy strategies on tumor behavior.
Fusion genes in solid tumors: an emerging target for cancer diagnosis and treatment

Studies over the past decades have uncovered fusion genes, a class of oncogenes that provide immense diagnostic and therapeutic advantages because of their tumor-specific expression. Originally associated with hemotologic cancers, fusion genes have recently been discovered in a wide array of solid tumors, including sarcomas, carcinomas, and tumors of the central nervous system. Fusion genes are attractive as both therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools due to their inherent expression in tumor tissue alone. Therefore, the discovery and elucidation of fusion genes in various cancer types may provide more effective therapies in the future for cancer patients.
Estonian Schoolscapes and the Marginalization of Regional Identity in Education.

(2005). Estonian Schoolscapes and the Marginalization of Regional Identity in Education. European Education: Vol. 37, Integration and Identity: Implications for European Education: Part 1, pp. 78-89.
Bayesian Inference and Prediction of Gaussian Random Fields Based on Censored Data

This work develops a Bayesian approach to perform inference and prediction in Gaussian random fields based on spatial censored data. These type of data occur often in the earth sciences due either to limitations of the measuring device or particular features of the sampling process used to collect the data. Inference and prediction on the underlying Gaussian random field is performed, through data augmentation, by using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Previous approaches to deal with spatial censored data are reviewed, and their limitations pointed out. The proposed Bayesian approach is applied to a spatial dataset of depths of a geologic horizon that contains both left- and right-censored data, and comparisons are made between inferences based on the censored data and inferences based on “complete data” obtained by two imputation methods. It is seen that the differences in inference between the two approaches can be substantial.
A Case of Rapid Progression and Vision Loss in a Patient with Primary Intraocular Lymphoma

Purpose: To describe an atypical case of primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) with rapid progression leading to vision loss and death.Methods: A 71-year-old woman with a history of PIOL presented with a sudden decline in vision. MRI, CSF cytology, and ocular examination 2 months prior were unremarkable.Results: Repeat MRI of the brain and orbits at this time revealed a 0.8 × 2.4-cm lesion of the left choroid plexus. LP revealed rare atypical B cells. The patient rapidly deteriorated and died a month later.Conclusion: Recognition of the potential for rapid progression and mortality in patients with PIOL is essential.
Computed tomography of the skeletal system

Abstract Because of its sensitivity to minor variations in radiographic density and its ability to eliminate overlapping because of the cross-sectional display, computed tomography (CT) of the skeletal system may yield valuable information that may not be apparent on plain film or radionuclide examination of bone lesions. The authors present five case illustrations in which CT examination of bone was particularly helpful in the evaluation of the patient.
Skin Temperature Modifies the Pleasantness of Thermal Stimuli

MUCH of human temperature regulation is mediated by behaviour, and thermoregulatory behaviour is guided in large measure by thermal sensations, particularly their affective components, that is, their pleasantness or unpleasantness. When we feel unpleasantly cold or warm, we turn the thermostat up or down, put a sweater on or take it off.
Progress on the subangstrom field emission scanning transmission electron microscope

The construction of the mechanical and electronic components for the sextupole-corrected subangstrom resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has been completed. They are now in the process of being tested. The required software for the control measurement diagnosis and operation of this instrument has been written. We have successfully obtained a beam from the field emission source and have achieved stable emission current.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A method for peparing MAA particles of narrow size distribution: Preparation of hit vials containing fixed numbers of particles

Abstract A combination heating/stirring method has been found for producing MAA particles where virtually all the particles fall within a size distribution of about 25 μm. The MAA(Sn) stock product can be used to prepare kit vials where, after addition of TcO 4 , the products have a concentration of 10 5 MAA particles per ml. Tagging yields average 95 per cent. Kit vials can be stored at least one month at temperatures of 0 to −5°C; stock batches of MAA(Sn) can be stored at least 8 months at −23 without deterioration of MAA particles and with no decrease in tagging yields. The MAA(Sn) production method (1) allows for the preparation and use of kit vials where the number of MAA particles per patient dose can be fixed to fall between 10 5 and 2 × 105 particles (depending on the time of administration after product preparation), (2) has sufficient flexability so that large or small batches of stock MAA(Sn) can be produced, and (3) can be used to prepare individual kit vials the 99 m Tc-MAA product will contain more closely the number of anticipated patient doses.
Differential cross sections for electron-impact ionization of helium

In an earlier paper a general formulation of differential cross sections for electron-impact ionization of atomic systems, in the Born approximation, was presented. The present work uses this formulation, with simple correlated wave functions, to evaluate various differential cross sections for electron-impact ionization of helium. The results are compared with previous experimental and theoretical data. The favorable agreement obtained with experiment for high incident-electron energies and low ejected-electron energies in both double- and single-differential cross sections is indicative of the agreement which can be expected when the same procedure is applied to the electron-impact ionization of other atoms. (AIP)
Complexation of Pb(II) by Chloride Ions in Aqueous Solutions

Lead chloride formation constants at 25°C were derived from analysis of previous spectrophotometrically generated observations of lead speciation in a variety of aqueous solutions (HClO4–HCl and NaCl–NaClO4 mixtures, and solutions of MgCl2 and CaCl2). Specific interaction theory analysis of these formation constants produced coherent estimates of (a) PbCl+, $$ {\text{PbCl}}_{2}^{0} $$ , and PbCl 3 − formation constants at zero ionic strength, and (b) well-defined depictions of the dependence of these formation constants on ionic strength. Accompanying examination of a recent IUPAC critical assessment of lead formation constants, in conjunction with the spectrophotometrically generated formation constants presented in this study, revealed significant differences among various subsets of the IUPAC critically selected data. It was found that these differences could be substantially reduced through reanalysis of the formation constant data of one of the subsets. The resulting revised lead chloride formation constants are in good agreement with the formation constants derived from the earlier spectrophotometrically generated data. Combining these data sets provides an improved characterization of lead chloride complexation over a wide range of ionic strengths: $$ \begin{gathered} {\log}\,{}_{\text{ Cl}} \beta_{ 1} = 1. 4 9 1- 2.0 4\,I^{ 1/ 2} \left( { 1+ 1. 5\,I^{ 1/ 2} } \right)^{ - 1} +\,0. 2 3 8\,I \hfill \\ {\log}\,{}_{\text{ Cl}} \beta_{ 2} = 2.0 6 2- 3.0 6\,I^{ 1/ 2} \left( { 1+ 1. 5\,I^{ 1/ 2} } \right)^{ - 1} +\,0. 3 6 9\,I \hfill \\ {\log}\,{}_{\text{ Cl}} \beta_{ 3} = 1. 8 9 9- 3.0 6\,I^{ 1/ 2} \left( { 1+ 1. 5\,I^{ 1/ 2} } \right)^{ - 1} +\,0. 4 3 9\,I. \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$
Prospective controlled studies of the behavioral and biological effects of exogenous corticosteroids

The brain is an important target organ for both endogenous and synthetic corticosteroid hormones, but the nature of steroid action there is complex. We review a series of studies that was designed to elucidate possible relationships between the behavioral and biological effects of exogenous corticosteroids. In these studies, corticosteroids were administered to intact animals or to currently healthy volunteers, and behavioral and biological indices of corticosteroid effects were jointly assessed. In the first study, chronic corticosterone administration to intact rats resulted in increased locomotor activity (consistent with increased caudate or nucleus accumbens dopamine activity) and increased caudate homovanillic acid (HVA) levels. In the second study, acute dexamethasone administration to healthy human volunteers resulted in increased plasma HVA levels. These findings in animals and humans may help explain vulnerability factors for experiencing psychotic reactions during chronic corticosteroid treatment. To more closely mimic clinical conditions in which "steroid psychoses" develop, we administered a higher dose and more chronic corticosteroid medication (prednisone, 80 mg/day for 5 days) in a double-blind manner to healthy volunteers. Consistent with prior clinical observations, behavioral changes were variable across subjects. Seventy-five percent of the individual volunteers developed mild behavioral side effects during prednisone administration; in addition, significant, specific deterioration in cognitive performance was observed. Prednisone administration was also associated with significant decreases in plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and 3-methoxy,4-hydroxyphenyl glycol (MHPG) and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of ACTH, beta-endorphin (BE), beta-lipotropin (BLPH), somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI), and norepinephrine (NE). It was also associated with significant slowing of brain wave electrical activity (viz., an increase in theta wave activity) on quantitative electroencephalography. Several behavioral changes, particularly those relating to mood or cognition, were related to changes in CSF levels of NE, MHPG, ACTH, BE, BLPH, and SLI and to the slowing of brain wave activity. Our preliminary data raise the possibility that the behavioral effects of exogenous corticosteroids have specific neural concomitants and that the pattern of biological changes produced contributes to the behavioral variability observed. Steroid effects on levels of biogenic amines, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-related peptides and somatostatin, among others, as well as on brain electrophysiology, may be behaviorally relevant and are highlighted as being worthy of further investigation.
Dynamic stability of a composite circular cylindrical shell subjected to combined axial and torsional loading

The dynamic stability of thin, clamped, composite circular cylindrical shells is studied for combined axial and torsional loading. Each load is taken to be har monically varying; the frequencies of the two loads differ, in general. For the case in which the frequencies are commensurate, the applied load function is periodic. The equa tions of motion for the shell are reduced to a system of Hill equations by means of Fourier series expansions. Instability regions of principal and combination parametric resonance are determined by use of the monodromy matrix. Numerical results are generated for boron-epoxy layered shells for various cases of pure axial, pure torsional, and combined loading. The width of the principal instability region is presented as a function of fiber ori entation for a laminate case. Stability diagrams are presented covering about 6 times the lowest natural frequency for various ratios of the applied axial and torsional frequencies.
Failure of injected growth hormone to increase plasma glucose and insulin concentration in the puppy.

The resistance of puppies to the diabetogenic effect of administered growth hormone is well known. The possibility that this involves an adaptive increase in insulin secretion was explored by determining the effect of injected growth hormone on plasma insulin concentration at various age periods. Bovine growth hormone (1 mg/kg per day for 4 days) administered to 5-month-old puppies had no effect on plasma glucose or insulin levels nor on the effectiveness of injected insulin to lower plasma glucose levels. At 8 and 12 months of age the growth hormone regimen increased plasma glucose and insulin levels and produced a resistance to the hypoglycemic effect of injected insulin. It is evident that the difference between the puppy and adult in response to growth hormone is not due to excessive secretion of insulin by the puppy. (Endocrinology 96: 538, 1975)
A laboratory study of the minimum wind speed for wind wave generation

The minimum wind speed for wind wave generation has been investigated in a laboratory wind-wave flume using a sensitive slope gauge to measure the initial wavelets about 10 μm high. The growth at very low wind speeds was higher than predicted by the viscous shear-flow instability theory. Assuming that the growth is exponential, the inception wind speed at which the growth rate becomes positive can be defined. It occurred at (friction velocity) u* ≈ 2 cm/s, somewhat lower than the u* ≈ 4–5 cm/s predicted by shear-flow instability theory. However, the observed growth rates were close to the theory at higher wind speeds when the waves were higher than 1 mm. The effect of temperature on the wind speed at which the waves become readily visible is shown to be appreciable and in keeping with the temperature dependent viscous damping. Other sources of growth are discussed. Our estimates show that the Phillips resonance mechanism might be sufficiently effective to generate the observed growth at very low wind speeds.
Metallic glass ribbon-reinforced glass-ceramic matrix composites

The role of metallic glass ribbons in modifying the properties of glass-ceramics was investigated using specimens prepared by conventional pressing and sintering techniques. Even very low volume fractions of such reinforcements were found to provide significant improvements in the strength, elastic properties and fracture toughness of the glass-ceramic matrices. The observed improvement in the fracture toughness is explained on the basis of various metallic glass ribbon-related energy absorbing mechanisms.
Prevention through Design--introduction.

One of the best ways to prevent and control occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities is to qdesign outq or minimize hazards and risks early in the design process. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is leading a national initiative called Prevention through Design (PtD) to promote this concept and highlight its importance in all business decisions. PtD addresses occupational safety and health needs in the design process to prevent or minimize the work-related hazards and risks associated with the construction, manufacture, use, maintenance, and disposal of facilities, materials, and equipment. A growing number of business leaders are recognizing PtD as a cost-effective means to enhance occupational safety and health. Many U.S. companies openly support PtD concepts and have developed management practices to implement them. Other countries are actively promoting PtD concepts as well. The United Kingdom began requiring construction companies, project owners, and architects to address safety and health during the design phase of projects in 1994, and companies there have responded with positive changes in management practices to comply with the regulations. Australia developed the Australian National OHS Strategy 2002–2012, which set qeliminating hazards at the design stageq as one of five national priorities. As a result, the Australian Safety and Compensation Council (ASCC) developed the Safe Design National Strategy and Action Plans for Australia encompassing a wide range of design areas including buildings and structures, work environments, materials, and plant (machinery and equipment). NIOSH has partnered with the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE), the Center to Protect Workers' Rights, Kaiser Permanente, Liberty Mutual, the National Safety Council (NSC), the Occupa­ tional Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), ORC World­ wide, and the Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering for the development of a National Initiative on Prevention through Design. Additional partners may be joining this national initiative soon and we invite others who are interested in joining to contact NIOSH. The approach to develop and implement the PtD National Initiative is framed by industry sector and within four functional
States’ Expressed Versus Assessed Education Goals in the Era of Accountability: Implications for Positive Education

AbstractThis article addresses the shifting educational priorities in the accountability era by examining states’ expressed and assessed educational goals in relation to those goals enjoying historical and popular support. The authors argue that curricular restriction in response to federally influenced educational priorities limits individual and social growth, concluding that the 2014 No Child Left Behind ultimatum provides a ready catalyst for reorienting educational priorities to address more holistic aims grounded in research from positive psychology.
Notas a propósito del Convite burlesco de Jorge Manrique a su madrastra

La reciente edicion de Jorge Manrique. Poesia completa es prueba del bien hacer de su autor. Me centrare ahora en uno de los poemas que alli se editan, el titulado Un combite que hizo don Jorge Manrique a su madrastra (203-209). El comentario al mismo del editor ofrece las notas basicas de su caracter jocoso y burlesco, y se hace eco de los trabajos de Marquez Villanueva y Serrano de Haro sobre la posible relacion de la diatriba (burlesca) contenida en el poema contra Elvira de Castaneda (cunada y madrastra de Jorge Manrique) y «los pleitos que podrian estar en el origen de esta satira, derivados del testamento de don Rodrigo» (203 nota). Me interesa, sin embargo, alejarme un tanto del posible contexto sociohistorico del poema y ofrecer algunas pautas para la delimitacion genetica de la composicion, es decir, su adcripcion al genero burlesco…
Individual differences in regional prefrontal gray matter morphometry and fractional anisotropy are associated with different constructs of executive function.

Although the relationship between structural differences within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and executive function (EF) has been widely explored in cognitively impaired populations, little is known about this relationship in healthy young adults. Using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM), surface-based morphometry (SBM), and fractional anisotropy (FA) we determined the association between regional PFC grey matter (GM) morphometry and white matter tract diffusivity with performance on tasks that tap different aspects of EF as drawn from Miyake et al.’s three-factor model of EF. Reductions in both GM volume (VBM) and cortical folding (SBM) in the ventromedial PFC (vmPFC), ventrolateral PFC (vlPFC), and dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) predicted better common EF, shifting-specific, and updating-specific performance, respectively. Despite capturing different components of GM morphometry, voxel- and surface-based findings were highly related, exhibiting regionally overlapping relationships with EF. Increased white matter FA in fiber tracts that connect the vmPFC and vlPFC with posterior regions of the brain also predicted better common EF and shifting-specific performance, respectively. These results suggest that the neural mechanisms supporting distinct aspects of EF may differentially rely on distinct regions of the PFC, and at least in healthy young adults, are influenced by regional morphometry of the PFC and the FA of major white matter tracts that connect the PFC with posterior cortical and subcortical regions.
Acoustic monitoring of cold-setting adhesive curing in wood laminates

Among the challenges in manufacturing of wood products such as glue-laminated timbers is the difficulty in controlling process variables and assessing the bond quality. This research project investigated an ultrasonic method as a means of monitoring bonding processes and assessing the quality of the cured bonds in wood laminates. The effects of curing phases and bond types on ultrasonic transmission were studied using paired specimens of clear Douglas fir with a single adhesive bond. Monitoring was performed simultaneously at normal and angular (5° nominal) transmission to the bond plane. Acoustic measurements were supplemented with destructive cure monitoring, gel time measurement and microscopic examination. Angular transmission provided greater sensitivity to bond quality and curing status than did normal transmission. The method was sensitive to curing phases (spread, penetration and hardening) and had a reasonable correlation with bond strength development. Different curing curves were observed for thick (0.5 and 1.0 mm), normal and kissing bonds. Thick bonds caused a greater increase in transmission than did normal bonds, whereas kissing bonds showed the smallest signal increase. In angular transmission, thick-bond curing curves showed a characteristic inflection that may be used to identify thick bonds and measure curing rate.
Money Work, Fast Money and Prize Money: Aspects of the Tahitian Labor Commitment

The expansion of market-oriented and industrially organized activities over the world entails a revolutionary change in mode of livelihood for literally millions of people. Those formerly dependent on subsistence and cash crop production are rapidly turning to wage labor. This growing labor commitment - to borrow a term from Moore and Feldman - by which is meant the wholehearted acceptance of wage labor as a permanent mode of livelihood, is a process that demands the attention of all social scientists. I believe that anthropologists have a unique contribution to make in understanding labor commitment among the various peoples of the world. Their tradition of lengthy study, of learning the local language, and of analyzing their subjects' categories can be used with profit in such situations. They should go beyond statistics on labor involvement, or questionnaire-elicited "attitudes," and focus on how people perceive work, and the alternative modes of employment open to them. One of their goals should be to...
Fermi Surface of Magnesium. II: The de Haas—van Alphen Effect

We report here the results of a detailed investigation of the de Haas---van Alphen effect in magnesium. The data were taken for the three major crystallographic planes in magnetic fields extending to 52 kG and at temperatures down to 0.31\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The results yield cross-sectional area branches for every sheet of the single-OPW-model Fermi surface (OPW=orthogonalized plane wave). Coupled orbits generated by magnetic breakdown are shown to be responsible for many of the observed area branches. The results are in good qualitative agreement with existing models for the magnesium Fermi surface.
STYLES OF COMMUNITY POLICING

Police agencies have distinctive philosophies, or styles, of policing. James Q. Wilson identified three policing styles by analyzing the approach of police in order-maintenance and law enforcement situations Styles can also be developed by considering policing methods in relation to their impact upon the general community. The reactive-procrctive emphasis given to wrious combinations of positive and negative methods, or counselor and enforcer roles, is the basis for the four policing styles discussed.
Integrating culture as a means of improving treatment adherence in the Latino population

Treatment adherence is a significant challenge within the field of paediatrics. Culture is an important clinical variable to consider in treatment and adherence to medical regimens. Consideration of common elements of the Latino culture is a viable mechanism to improving treatment adherence. These shared elements include language, familismo, respeto, personalismo, espiritism, simpatia, fatalismo , and a crisis orientation. In addition, acculturation is presented as it pertains to treatment adherence. Each cultural variable is discussed as a means of improving treatment adherence and the importance of culturally competent care is forwarded. The importance of theory-driven research and future research directions are discussed.
"Heading for the Gun": Skills and Sophistication in an African Guerrilla War

For much of the last seventy-five years African combatants, especially in wars of their own making, have not been seen as masters of the guns they shoot. In Kenya in the 1950s, for example, captured Mau Mau were humiliated: they were taken to shooting ranges where they failed to hit a target with their guns. More recently, rebels in southern Sudan considered guns poor, if effective substitutes for more embodied weapons like spears, while young men in Sierra Leone fought with the weapons at hand such as knives or machetes, because they were too poor to obtain guns. When the armies of Ethiopia and Eritrea fought well and hard with sophisticated weapons, it was said to be the result of Cold War rivalries or national agendas gone berserk. Rhodesia's bush war, Zimbabweans' liberation struggle, suggests something else, a space shaped by technology and clientelism in which guns, most especially guns in guerrilla hands, exemplify very specific European ideas about Africans, that they are skilled and sophisticated.
Parts of the Whole: Only Connect

This is the first of several columns that will focus on the mechanisms by which new ideas become accepted by a culture, offering some familiar examples, deriving basic principles from these examples, and applying them to the problem of promoting quantitative literacy in an educational system. In this essay we describe how new concepts become embedded in a culture through their connections to existing ideas, and use this principle to suggest strategies of discourse about numeracy that promote it among various constituencies in the culture.
Altered behavioral phenotypes in soluble epoxide hydrolase knockout mice: Effects of traumatic brain injury

Abstract After traumatic brain injury (TBI), arachidonic acid (ArA) is released from damaged cell membranes and metabolized to many bioactive eicosanoids, including several epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Soluble epoxide hydrolase ( Ephx2 , sEH) appears to be the predominant pathway for EET metabolism to less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoates (DHETs). Prior studies indicate that brain levels of EETs increase transiently after TBI and EETs have antiinflammatory and neuroprotective activities which may benefit the injured brain. If the net effect of increased EET levels in the injured brain is beneficial to recovery, then Ephx2 gene disruption would be expected to enhance elevated EET levels and improve recovery in the injured brain. Thus, Ephx2 -KO ( Ephx2 −/− bred onto pure C57Bl/6 background) mice were compared to wild-type controls in a unilateral controlled cortical impact model of TBI. Before injury, animals behaved comparably in open field activity and neurologic reflexes. Interestingly, the Ephx2 -KO mice showed improved motor coordination on a beam walk task, yet showed indications of defective learning in a test of working spatial memory. After surgery, brain-injured Ephx2 -KO mice again had less of a deficit in the beam walk than wild-type, and the difference in latency (post − pre) showed a trend of protection for Ephx2 -KO mice after TBI. Brain-injured mice showed no genotype differences in working memory. Surprisingly, sham-operated Ephx2 -KO mice exhibited an injured phenotype for working memory, compared to sham-operated wild-type mice. Brain eicosanoid levels were measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Of the 20 eicosanoids evaluated, only 8,9-EET was elevated in the Ephx2 -KO cerebral cortex (37 d post-surgery, in both sham and injured). Tissue DHET levels were below the limit of quantification. These results reflect a significant contribution of sEH deficiency in coordination of ambulatory movements and working spatial memory in the mouse. Further investigation of differential sEH expression and EET levels at earlier time points and across other brain regions may shed light on these behavioral differences.
Orientation to social and nonsocial stimuli in neonatal chimpanzees and humans

Abstract The behavioral capabilities of neonatal chimpanzees are not well known. A major goal of this study was to document their ability to orient to social and nonsocial objects and to compare their performance with that of human infants. The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) was administered to 13 nursery-reared chimpanzees, every other day during their first month of life, and to 42 humans, twice, on the third and thirtieth day of life. The orientation items included social stimuli (a human face and both human and chimpanzee sounds) and nonsocial stimuli (a red ball and a red rattle). Repeated-measures analysis of variance on the orientation cluster of the NBAS revealed that chimpanzee neonates have the capacity for sustained attention to all stimuli, both social and nonsocial, indistinguishable from that of human neonotes. Significant improvements in orientation performance from Day 2 to Day 30 were found for both species. These striking similarities in early orientation ability are viewed as a challenge to notions of unique human propensities.
Rashba spin-orbit coupling and spin relaxation in silicon quantum wells

Silicon is a leading candidate material for spin-based devices, and two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) formed in silicon heterostructures have been proposed for both spin transport and quantum dot quantum computing applications. The key parameter for these applications is the spin relaxation time. Here we apply the theory of D'yakonov and Perel' (DP) to calculate the electron spin resonance linewidth of a silicon 2DEG due to structural inversion asymmetry for arbitrary static magnetic field direction at low temperatures. We estimate the Rashba spin-orbit coupling coefficient in silicon quantum wells and find the ${T}_{1}$ and ${T}_{2}$ times of the spins from this mechanism as a function of momentum scattering time, magnetic field, and device-specific parameters. We obtain agreement with existing data for the angular dependence of the relaxation times and show that the magnitudes are consistent with the DP mechanism. We suggest how to increase the relaxation times by appropriate device design.
A novel approach for iodolabelling synthetic peptides

A novel, highly specific iodolabelling reagent, glyoxylyltyramide 3, and its iodo-substituted derivatives are synthesized and used for the specific labelling of a linker modified Leu–enkephalin analogue.
Routine upper GI series after gastric bypass does not reliably identify anastomotic leaks or predict stricture formation

Background Many surgeons who perform Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for morbid obesity routinely obtain an upper gastrointestinal (GI) series in the early postoperative period to search for anastomotic leaks and signs of stricture formation at the gastrojejunostomy. We hypothesized that this practice is unreliable.
RABA (Reductive Alkylation By Acetone): A novel stable isotope labeling approach for quantitative proteomics

Quantitative proteomics is challenging and various stable isotope based approaches have been developed to meet the challenge. Hereby we describe a simple, efficient, reliable, and inexpensive method named reductive alkylation by acetone (RABA) to introduce stable isotopes to peptides for quantitative analysis. The RABA method leads to alkylation of N-terminal and lysine amino groups with isopropyl moiety. Using unlabeled (d0) and deuterium labeled (d6) acetone, a 6 Da mass split is introduced to each isopropyl modification between the light and heavy isotope labeled peptides, which is ideally suited for quantitative analysis. The reaction specificity, stoichiometry, labeling efficiency, and linear range of the RABA method have been thoroughly evaluated in this study using standard peptides, tryptic digest of proteins, as well as human cell lysate. Reliable quantitative results have been consistently obtained in all experiments. We also applied the RABA method to quantitative analysis of proteins in spinal cords of transgenic mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Highly homologous proteins (transgenic human SOD1 and endogenous mouse SOD1) were distinguished and quantified using the method developed in this study. In addition, the quantitative results using the RABA approach were independently validated by Western blot.
TU‐D‐304A‐08: A Novel Boundary Tracking Method for Metal Artifact Suppression in Helical CT Imaging

Purpose: One of the major challenges for metal artifact suppression in CT lies in the accurate detection of metal regions either in image space or projection space. In this work, we proposed a novel, semi‐automatic boundary tracking scheme based on dual‐front active contour models and boundary mapping strategy to detect the metal regions on reformatted projection data, and to effectively suppress metal artifacts on reconstructed images.Methods and Materials: We first created reformatted projections from multi‐slice helical scan by combining data at the same angle view over the full longitudinal scan range. The shapes, locations, and number of metal objects can be easily identified from every single reformatted projection. Since the shape of the metal projections only changes slightly between adjacent projections, the segmented boundary from the first reformatted projections can be mapped to the next projection, and used as the initialization of the dual‐front active contour model to find the actual metal object boundary in the current projection within only a couple of iterations with an automatic stop criterion. After detecting the metal implants on all the reformatted projections, a Delaunay triangulation was applied to fill the metal shadows. Finally, the image was reconstructed using commercially available reconstruction algorithms for multi‐slice helical CT.Results: Patient studies were performed to evaluate the proposed method. Four cases were corrected, including three abdominal exams with hip prosthesis, and one musculoskeletal exam with shoulder prosthesis. The results demonstrated that the proposed method can suppress metal artifacts efficiently and effectively. Conclusions: A novel boundary tracking method was proposed for metal artifact suppression in multi‐slice helical CT. This method incorporates the information of shape and location of metal implants into the boundary tracking procedure, which can handle multiple metal implants with various sizes and shapes, and can improve the segmentation accuracy and artifact suppression.