cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Localization of corazonin in the nervous system of the cockroach Periplaneta americana

Antisera raised to the cardioactive peptide corazonin were used to localize immunoreactive cells in the nervous system of the American cockroach. Sera obtained after the seventh booster injection were sufficiently specific to be used for immunocytology. They recognized a subset of 10 lateral neurosecretory cells in the protocerebrum that project to, and arborize and terminate in the ipsilateral corpus cardiacum. They also reacted with bilateral neurons in each of the thoracic and abdominal neuromeres, a single dorsal unpaired median neuron in the suboesophageal ganglion, an interneuron in each optic lobe, and other neurons at the base of the optic lobe, in the tritocerebrum and deutocerebrum. The presence of corazonin in the abdominal neurons and the lateral neurosecretory cells was confirmed by HPLC fractionation of extracts of the abdominal ganglia, brains and retrocerebral complexes, followed by determination of corazonin by ELISA, which revealed in each tissue a single immunoreactive peak co-eluting with corazonin in two different HPLC systems. Antisera obtained after the first three booster injections recognized a large number of neuroendocrine cells and neurons in the brain and the abdominal nerve cord. However, the sera from the two rabbits reacted largely with different cells, indicating that the majority of this immunoreactivity was due to cross-reactivity. These results indicate that the production of highly specific antisera to some neuropeptides may require a considerable number of booster injections.
Integrating facility location and production planning decisions

We consider a metric uncapacitated facility location problem where we must assign each customer to a facility and meet the demand of the customer in future time periods through production and inventory decisions at the facility. We show that the problem, in general, is as hard to approximate as the set cover problem. We therefore focus on developing approximation algorithms for special cases of the problem. These special cases come in two forms: (i) specialize the production and inventory cost structure and (ii) specialize the demand pattern of the customers. In the former, we offer reductions to variants of the metric uncapacitated facility location problem that have been previously studied. The latter gives rise to a class of metric uncapacitated facility location problems where the facility cost function is concave in the amount of demand assigned to the facility. We develop a modified greedy algorithm together with the idea of cost-scaling to provide an algorithm for this class of problems with an approximation guarantee of 1.52. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010
An isolated class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase insertion domain is functional in amino acid editing.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are responsible for activating specific amino acids and transferring them onto cognate tRNA molecules. Due to the similarity in many amino acid side chains, certain synthetases misactivate non-cognate amino acids to an extent that would be detrimental to protein synthesis if left uncorrected. To ensure accurate translation of the genetic code, some synthetases therefore utilize editing mechanisms to hydrolyze non-cognate products. Previously class II Escherichia coli proline-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) was shown to exhibit pre- and post-transfer editing activity, hydrolyzing a misactivated alanine-adenylate (Ala-AMP) and a mischarged Ala-tRNAPro variant, respectively. Residues critical for the editing activity (Asp-350 and Lys-279) are found in a novel insertion domain (INS) positioned between motifs 2 and 3 of the class defining aminoacylation active site. In this work, we present further evidence that INS is responsible for editing in ProRS. We deleted the INS from wild-type E. coli ProRS to yield ΔINS-ProRS. While ΔINS-ProRS was still capable of misactivating alanine, the truncated construct was defective in hydrolyzing non-cognate Ala-AMP. When the INS domain was cloned and expressed as an independent protein, it was capable of deacylating a mischarged Ala-microhelixPro variant. Similar to full-length ProRS, post-transfer editing was abolished in a K279A mutant INS. We also show that YbaK, a protein of unknown function from Haemophilus influenzae with high sequence homology to the prokaryotic INS domain, was capable of deacylating Ala-tRNAPro and Ala-microhelixPro variants but not cognate Pro-tRNAPro. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that an independently folded class II synthetase editing domain and a previously identified homolog can catalyze a hydrolytic editing reaction.
Revealed comparative production advantage: Implications for competitiveness in Florida's vegetable industry

Competitiveness has become increasingly important as commodities enter regional and/or international markets. Empirical measures of relative competitiveness that are comparable across commodities are essential. A measure of competitiveness is revealed through an index of production response. Using growth models and assumed supply elasticities as components in the index, competitiveness in the Florida vegetable industry is measured. Florida lettuce, strawberries, and fresh tomatoes show the highest revealed comparative production advantage among Florida's vegetable crops as well as against other US vegetable production regions. Improved yields was a major contributing factor to this stronger competitiveness for these three crops. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Invertibility, reproducibility and decoupling of a class of nonlinear systems

The invertibility, reproducibility and decoupling of the class of systems of the Hammerstein form is studied. The criteria for invertibility and reproducibility are given in terms of those of the linear dynamic subsystem and in terms of the memoryless nonlinearity in the feedforward path (independently of feedback). It is shown that such a system can be decoupled by dynamic precompensation and (nonlinear) state feedback if and only if it is invertible. For static (no dynamics) decoupling, and additional requirement, namely, the static (G,F)-decouplability of the linear dynamic subsystem, is needed.
The binding of atropine to bovine serum albumin.

Abstract The binding of atropine to bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model system was studied by ultrafiltration, spectrophotometry, and biological assay. Binding of atropine increased with an increase in pH from 5 to 8; the number of binding sites was approximately 20 at pH 6 and 100 at pH 8. Exhaustively acetylated BSA still bound some atropine when studied by ultrafiltration, although spectrophotometry did not show the interaction with atropine. Cysteine, which fully inhibited the spectrophotometric interaction of atropine with BSA, reduced the binding only partially, when determined by ultrafiltration. The requirement of the free amino groups of the protein for the interaction could be demonstrated by spectrophotometry. The participation of other functional groups of the protein was discussed. Atropine-protein binding and its inhibition by cysteine was demonstrated biologically on the isolated rat colon.
Extension of Pitzer CSP models for vapor pressures and heats of vaporization to long-chain hydrocarbons

Morgan, D.L. and Kobayashi, R., 1994. Extension of Pitzer CSP model for vapor pressures and heats of vaporization to long-chain hydrocarbons. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 94: 51-87. The three-parameter (Tc, Pc,ω) Corresponding States Principle (CSP) of Pitzer et al. (Pitzer, K.S. et al., 1955, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77: 3427-3440) has been applied to long-chain n-alkanes in two ways using new vapor pressure measurements and heat of vaporization results from Morgan (Morgan D.L., 1990. Ph.D. thesis. Rice University, TX), and the critical point correlation of Twu (Twu C.H., 1984. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 16: 137-150). The first model, PERT2, is a direct extension of Pitzer's CSP in which a second order perturbation term has been included in the Taylor series expansion about ω = 0 for a given thermodynamic property, Ψ = Ψ(Tr,ω). In the second approach, C1/C8, the two real-fluid reference equation method of Ambrose and Patel (Ambrose, D. and Patel, N.C., 1984. J. Chem. Thermodyn., 16: 459-468) has been applied. A pair of reference fluids, methane and octane, are forced to predict vapor pressures of long-chain n-alkanes by regression of P'c and ω' parameters. While both models depend upon the same Tc, P'c and ω' differ from Pc and ω because of shape factors. Parameters (Tc, Pc, ω, P'c, ω') for the n-alkanes, C1 to C50, are presented. The two methods are compared with selected literature correlations and data and are shown to be of high accuracy. Older literature CSP correlations are extendible to long n-alkanes by use of the C1/C8 parameters. When boiling point and specific gravity inputs are used to predict vapor pressures of model coal-liquid compounds, PERT2 appears to be somewhat more accurate than LK/MB, the Lee and Kesler (Lee, B.I. and Kesler, M.G., 1980. Hydrocarbon Process., 59(7): 163-167), Maxwell and Bonnell (Maxwell, J.B. and Bonnell, L.S., 1957. Ind. Eng. Chem., 49: 1187-1196) correlation. Use of more accurately known parameters offers a considerable improvement over LK/MB.
Social dominance relationships and spacing behavior of swine

Dominance ranks were determined within each of eight pens of domestic swine, Susscrofa. Data on spacing and orientation of subjects were obtained from 16 mm time-lapse films and 35 mm overhead photographs with the aid of a digitizer assisted FORTRAN program, DISANGL 2. Dominance orders among subjects were relatively linear and stable. No pattern in pen location preferences (fixed space) was found but there were relationships between dominance rank and portable spacing patterns of the subjects. Distance to a nearest neighbor was the most important variable affecting the orientation of the swine, and the most dominant animal had a lesser tendency to face away from nearest neighbors at any particular distance and a greater tendency to space further from nearest neighbors than was the case for subordinates. The results of this study support the notion that social dominance provides a means by which a possible limited resource, such as personal space, may be differentially allocated to group members.
Evidence-Based Practice in Rehabilitation Nursing

How to use research is a learned skill. With this skill rehabilitation nurses can help ensure that their practice is based on the best evidence available. Evidence-based practice is a balance of using external research-based clinical evidence and clinical expertise. The purpose of this article is to show rehabilitation nurses how to build the skills for using evidence, rather than just doing research. This involves asking questions, finding and appraising relevant data, and putting that information into everyday practice. When evidence-based practice is merged into a clinician's daily routine, the result is a more analytical and, ultimately, effective clinical practice.
Bound theorem of finite dynamic deformations of plasticity

Construction d'un theoreme de limite pour un materiau rigide et durcissant. Relaxation de la condition d'ecoulement plastique par le superpotentiel plastique complementaire
Herbert Polesky: Contributions to Transfusion Medicine

Dr Herbert Polesky has been a leader in defining the role of transfusion medicine for both medicine and industry. He helped develop the criteria for fundamentals of training programs that physicians would require to become experts in transfusion medicine and paternity testing. He also is one of a small group of pioneers who led the ongoing quest for safer blood products for recipients.
The Specific Isotope Effect in the Hyperfine Spectrum of the Lead Atom

A calculation by the method of Hughes and Eckart is performed for the specific isotope separation of ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{206}$ and ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{208}$ levels for terms arising from the $6{p}^{2}$, $6p7s$, $6p6d$, $6p7d$ and $6p8s$ configurations. The electron wave functions used are an ortho-normal set having the effective nuclear charge as parameter. From the perturbation calculation a double sum is obtained. Slater's method of sums is used to remove the degeneracy existing in the magnetic quantum number. The double sums for the various configurations of lead are found to contain a great number of terms which are common for all configurations and only a few terms which differ for the various configurations. These terms which are different for the various configurations are calculated and summed to obtain a "net specific isotope separation." It is found that an effective nuclear charge of only about 55 is necessary to make this net specific isotope separation equal to the observed isotope separation. A small variation from term to term of the same configuration requires that some other effect also be postulated. An upper limit argument for the specific isotope separation leads to a result of the order of thousands of wave numbers. This is shown to result from the vast number of terms in the double sum. It is not to be expected that this high upper limit for the separation would be approached by the actual separation. A set of wave functions which would be accurate enough to permit evaluating and subtracting the double sums does not seem obtainable.
A serum-free medium that supports the growth of piscine cell cultures

An undefined, serum-free medium was developed for use with fish cell cultures. Lactalbumin hydrolyzate, trypticase-soy broth, Bacto-peptone, dextrose, yeastolate, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were initially combined in 100 ml of distilled H2O, autoclaved, and added to 5% of the final volume of Medium 199. In addition, filter sterilized bovine pancreatic insulin, glutamine, and nonessential amino acids were added to the medium. The addition of insulin was observed to be unnecessary. Five fish cell lines [goldfish-derived CAR cells, fathead minnow (FHM) cells, epithelioma papillosum cyprini (EPC) cells, chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cells, and a new cell line from goldfish air bladders (ABIII)] were all capable of growth in the serum-free medium at rates equivalent to cells grown in fetal bovine serum (FBS). The morphology of all cell lines, except CHSE-214 cells, was identical to cells grown in FBS. All cell lines were capable of long-term growth in the serum-free medium. The CAR, ABIII, EPC, and CHSE-214 cells in the serum-free medium supported the replication of goldfish virus-2 at levels equivalent to cells grown in FBS.
The role of professionalization regarding female exploitation in the Nonhuman Animal rights movement

Adams (2004, The pornography of meat. London: The Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd), Deckha (2008, Disturbing images: PETA and the feminist ethics of animal advocacy. Ethics and the environment, 13(2), 35–76), Gaarder (2011, Women and the animal rights movement. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press), Glasser (2011, Tied oppressions: an analysis of how sexist imagery reinforces speciesist sentiment. The Brock review, 12(1), 51–68), and others have criticized People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) for sexually exploiting young women in outreach and fundraising efforts. This article extends these critiques in addressing the problematic relationship between objectified volunteer female activists and Nonhuman Animal rights organizations (Animal Liberation Victoria, Fish Love, LUSH, and PETA). These organizations have largely professionalized and have consequently refocused their priorities on fundraising for organizational maintenance. An exploration into the social movement literat...
The Effect of Transient Voltage Protective Devices on Stresses in Power Transformers

SHORT time transients such as lightning waves and switching surges cause very high o ver-voltages in transformers due to high amplitudes of these voltages allowed by transmission line insulation and the non-uniform distribution of such voltages throughout the winding and internal resonance. The internal stresses can be reduced by limiting the amplitude of the impulse waves (gaps and lightning arresters), by changing their shape (wave modifiers), by making voltage distribution uniform throughout the winding irrespective of the shape of the wave (electrostatic shielding of the windings) or by a combination of these means. Coil, turn, and major insulation (except at line end) transient voltages are reduced far more by making the voltage distribution uniform throughout the winding then by reducing the amplitude of the applied wave by any means available at present.
Sensitivity of seasonal climate forecasts to persisted SST anomalies

Most estimates of the skill of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) for forecasting seasonal climate anomalies have been based on simulations with actual observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) as lower boundary forcing. Similarly estimates of the climatological response characteristics of AGCMs used for seasonal-to-interannual climate prediction generally rest on historical simulations using "perfect" SST forecasts. This work examines the errors and biases introduced into the seasonal precipitation response of an AGCM forced with persisted SST anomalies, which are generally considered to constitute a good prediction of SST in the first three-month season. The added uncertainty introduced by the persisted SST anomalies weakens, and in some cases nullifies, the skill of atmospheric predictions that is possible given perfect SST forcing. The use of persisted SST anomalies also leads to changes in local signal-to-noise characteristics. Thus, it is argued that seasonal-to-interannual forecasts using AGCMs should be interpreted relative to historical runs that were subject to the same strategy of boundary forcing used in the current forecast in order to properly account for errors and biases introduced by the particular SST prediction strategy. Two case studies are examined to illustrate how the sensitivity of the climate response to predicted SSTs may be used as a diagnostic to suggest improvements to the predicted SSTs.
Genetic and physical mapping of the fitness 1 (fit1) locus within the Fes-Hbb region of mouse chromosome 7

Mutations at the fit1 locus affect normal pre- and post-natal development by retarding growth and reducing viability. We report mapping of the fit1 locus, by trans-complementation crosses to mice carrying deletions of the albino (c) locus in Chromosome (Chr) 7, to a subregion of the c-deletion complex within the Mod2-sh1 interval. The fit1 locus, which is currently defined by five N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutations, was found to map in a subregion between the eed and exed loci. A restriction fragment containing a deletion breakpoint that genetically defines the proximal border of fit1 was cloned, providing a DNA probe (RN302) that maps proximal to fit1. Long-range mapping with this probe, and with a DNA probe that maps distal to the fit1 interval, established that the region containing at least part of the fit1 gene is 530 kb or less. Positioning of fit1 between deletion breakpoints, and the isolation and mapping of a DNA probe proximal to it, should facilitate the cloning and molecular characterization of fit1, as well as of the eed locus and the tightly linked l(7)5Rn and l(7)6Rn loci.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulation of gastrin-releasing peptide-induced cell cycle progression in neuroblastoma cells.

Abstract Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), the mammalian equivalent of bombesin (BBS), is an autocrine growth factor for neuroblastoma; its receptor is up-regulated in undifferentiated neuroblastomas. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a critical cell survival pathway; it is negatively regulated by the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. We have recently found that poorly differentiated neuroblastomas express decreased PTEN protein levels. Moreover, overexpression of the GRP receptor, a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family, down-regulates PTEN expression, resulting in increased neuroblastoma cell growth. Therefore, we sought to determine whether GRP or BBS activates PI3K in neuroblastoma cells (BE(2)-C, LAN-1, SK-N-SH). GRP or BBS treatment rapidly increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β in neuroblastoma cells. Inhibition of GRP receptor, with antagonist GRP-H2756 or siRNA, attenuated BBS-induced phosphorylation of Akt. LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, also abrogated BBS-stimulated phospho-Akt as well as its cell cycle targets. GRP increased G1/S phase progression in SK-N-SH cells. BBS-mediated BrdU incorporation was blocked by LY294002. Our findings identify PI3K as an important signaling pathway for GRP-mediated neuroblastoma cell growth. A novel therapy targeted at GRP/GRP receptor may prove to be an effective treatment option to inhibit PI3K in neuroblastomas.
Structurally Unstable Regions in the Tropomyosin-Troponin Complex from Bovine Heart Muscle

Regulation of contraction in striated muscles requires a semi-independent movement of various domains of the tropomyosin-troponin (TmTn) complex on the actin filament. Such movement is facilitated by the presence of flexible or structurally unstable regions in these proteins. In particular, it is well documented that the central part of tropomyosin comprises a region that unfolds readily at physiological temperatures. To identify flexible regions in the native TmTn complex isolated from bovine heart muscle, we have used limited proteolysis with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease that cleaves specifically the peptide bond on the C-terminal side of Glu. At 4°C only troponin T and troponin I are digested at positions 59 and 166, respectively. At 35°C Tm is also digested, initially at position 145, followed by a rapid digestion at positions 142,131 and 150. The resulting two fragments of Tm spanning residues 1-131 (2x14.9 kDa) and 151-284 (2x15.5 kDa) are resistant to further digestion in the presence of troponin, which indicates that they retain their coiled-coil structure. However, in the absence of Tn the C-terminal fragment of Tm undergoes further proteolysis. The troponin C component of the complex is resistant to proteolysis under the conditions used. The two Tm fragments, together with TnC, the N-terminal fragment of TnI (residues 1-166) and the C-terminal fragment of TnT (residues 60-284) form a 125 kDa complex that is stable at low salt concentrations, binds to F-actin irrespective of calcium, and imparts significant calcium-dependent regulation to actomyosin ATPase. These results demonstrate that the central segment of Tm spanning residues 131-151 is structurally unstable irrespective of the presence of troponin and it structure stabilizing effect on the C-terminal part of Tm.
Time-dependent thresholds for torpor initiation in the rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus).

Three models for torpor initiation were tested in rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) during moult, when these birds appear to avoid the use of torpor. In model 1, the level of energy reserves at which torpor is initiated (the “threshold”) remains constant throughout the night. In model 2, the threshold declines throughout the night, at a constant rate equivalent to the rate at which energy reserves are depleted during torpor. In model 3, the threshold declines at a rate equivalent to the rate of energy reserve depletion during torpor for most of the night, but at a higher rate (corresponding to the rate of energy expenditure during normothermia) during the final 2 h of the night, when these birds are usually normothermic. Model 1 predicts the most frequent and longest bouts of torpor, whereas model 3 predicts the fewest and shortest bouts. To determine the thresholds for each of 12 birds, food supply was manipulated to induce entry into torpor at different times on successive nights. Threshold slopes matched the predictions of model 3 most closely. Calculations comparing observed incidence of torpor with the predictions of model 1 show that the actual, time-dependent threshold for torpor initiation resulted in a 72% reduction in the number of torpor bouts compared with the number of torpor bouts that should have been initiated by a constant threshold. The advantage of a time-dependent threshold is that, although torpor is initiated when needed to prevent energy reserves from falling below a critical level, the amount of time spent in torpor can be minimized. This may be especially important to rufous hummingbirds during the spring moult, because lowered metabolic rates during torpor probably result in decreased rates of feather replacement during the moult and may thus have consequences for thermoregulation, territorial defence, and timing of the spring migration.
A computational model of perirhinal cortex: Gating and repair of input to the hippocampus

The medial temporal lobe-which includes the hippocampus, as well as perirhinal, parahippocampal, and entorhinal cortices-is required for declarative memory. We focus on the role of the perirhinal cortex (PRC) in relaying semantic representations from temporal cortex to the ventral hippocampus. It has been argued that the PRC is more than a simple relay. We review evidence that the PRC, in conjunction with the entorhinal cortex, serves to both gate information transfer to the hippocampus in response to an externally generated signal, and to improve the fidelity of this input prior to its mnemonic processing within the hippocampus. We present the first explicit model of externally mediated PRC gating based on several gating mechanisms previously modeled for generic cortical regions; we discuss the merits of our model with respect these existing theoretical gating mechanisms, and also outline three possible external control signals and their functional implications. We constructed a biologically plausible neural network model (InhibGate) based on the available literature, and compared it to a slightly adapted three layer network as a qualitative standard of comparison. In nearly every condition, the InhibGate network was more effective at information gating and pattern repair than the comparison three layer network. Our experiments support the proposal that inhibition within the rhinal cortices can block or admit information transfer to the hippocampus in response to an externally supplied excitatory signal. In addition, our experiments reveal a possible role for the rhinal cortices in repairing noisy or incomplete data: a role that has been previously ascribed to the hippocampus.
Estimation of Male Mating Potential of Gypsy Moths with Disparlure Baited Traps

Estimation of gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.) male mating potential has been made using box-type disparlure-baited traps. This potential, estimated by the reciprocal of the time elapsed before virgin females mated during the natural gypsy moth flight, was proportional to 22-h trap catches. Seasonal trap catches tended to be proportional to population as estimated by counts of pupae under burlap bands, with estimates adjusted for numbers of oak trees in 0.1-ha plots. Trap catches were highest when traps were adjacent to large trees and 1.5 m or less above the ground.
β-Glucan Content and Its Relationship to Agronomic Characteristics in Elite Oat Germplasm

Oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars with high β-glucan concentration may be useful as a specialty crop for human food. The objective of this study was to evaluate elite oat germplasm, as represented by the 1988-1991 Uniform Midseason Oat Nursery (UMON) and Uniform Early Oat Nursery (UEON) grown at Aberdeen, ID, and the Uniform Northwestern States Oat Nursery (UNSON) grown at Aberdeen and Tetonia, ID, for β-glucan concentration. Relationships between β-glucan concentration and other agronomic traits were examined. The stability of β-glucan concentration among environments was determined. The β-glucan concentrations of entries in the three nurseries ranged between a low of 30 to 47 g kg -1 and a high of 61 to 70 g kg -1 depending on the year and were different among genotypes. Thirty-three genotypes were common to all nine environments of the UNSON. The majority of correlations between environments on a pair-wise basis were low, but significant, and stability parameters varied among genotypes. Correlations between β-glucan concentration and agronomic traits were generally nonexistent or inconsistent across years or nurseries for the UMON and the UEON. For the UNSON, there were consistent significant positive correlations between β-glucan concentration and test weight, protein percentage, and groat percentage and negative correlations with heading date. We concluded that genotypic variation for β-glucan concentration is sufficient to enable breeding progress. Because β-glucan concentration was not consistently correlated with other traits, concurrent undesirable shifts in other traits sbould not hinder breeding progress.
How to design a financial planning model

Corporate planning models frequently consist of integrated pro forma income statements, statements of financial position, and cashflow statements. When implemented by utilizing computer-based planning systems, these models allow managers to explore potential decisions in 'what if?' planning analyses. The logic of an integrated financial statement planning model can be arranged following either a 'funds needed to balance approach' or a 'direct approach'. With a funds needed to balance approach total assets are set equal to total liabilities plus equities to satisfy this fundamental accounting identity. Logic in such models is often difficult to validate. In the direct approach, total assets are calculated independently of total liabilities plus equities providing an extremely strong test for model validation prior to using the model to assess 'what if' alternatives. In this paper, the author discusses the logic of integrated financial planning models and their implementation with computer-based planning systems. The funds need to balance approach and the direct approach are described and contrasted to assist corporate planners in evaluating and selecting a method for constructing the logic of corporate planning models.
The cellular origins of corticotropin and melanotropin as revealed by immunochemical staining.

The cellular origins of corticotropin and melanotropin were studied by observing the response of the rat hypophysis to adrenalectomy and cortisol administration when stained immunochemically with peroxidase-labeled antibody following application of antiserums to β1–24-corticotropin, βP17–39-corticotropin, human β-melanotropin, and α-melanotropin. The presence of corticotropin in the pars intermedia is indicated since this lobe, in addition to corticotropic cells of the pars distalis, stained with antiserum to βP17–39-corticotropin. However, the concentration of corticotropin is less in the pars intermedia than in corticotropic cells since at higher dilutions of antiserum the latter cells stained intensely while the pars intermedia was unstained. Also, corticotropic cells exhibited striking hypertrophy after adrenalectomy and regression after cortisol administration, while morphological and tinctorial properties of the pars intermedia were minimally altered. These observations suggest that the pars distalis is primarily responsible for supplying the corticotropin required to meet the changing requirements of the body. With antiserum to human β-melanotropin, the pars intermedia stained intensely. Since the antiserum was ineffective after absorption the staining reaction appears to be specific for β-melanotropin. Except for a rare cell, the pars distalis did not stain. Thus β-melanotropin is restricted primarily to the pars intermedia.
The role of non-specific factors in treatment outcome of psychotherapy studies.

Non-specific factors refer to dimensions that are shared by most psychotherapies and include the therapeutic alliance, the therapist’s competence and adherence to the treatment protocols whereas specific factors refer to the specific techniques and interventions that characterize particular psychotherapies. Review of the literature on non-specific treatment factors reveals that the therapeutic alliance and therapist competence may vary among patients and therapists, and that the therapeutic alliance also varies among treatment modalities. All three non-specific treatment factors, therapeutic alliance, therapist competence and adherence to the specific treatment modality, contribute significantly to treatment outcome and may account for more of the variance in outcome than specific treatment approach. Consequently, these factors need to be considered in the design of psychotherapy studies. In this paper we use the treatment study of infantile anorexia as an example of how to integrate these non-specific factors in the study design and the data analysis of treatment outcome in a psychotherapy study.
Approach to the Patient With a Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodule

Background: Fine-needle aspiration remains the primary diagnostic intervention for the evaluation of most thyroid nodules larger than 1–1.5 cm. Although most aspirates provide diagnostic cytology, approximately 15–25% will be classified indeterminate (often referred to as follicular neoplasm, suspicious for carcinoma, or atypical). In such cases, abnormal cellular findings preclude interpretation of benignity, although only a minority will prove cancerous upon final histopathology. Nonetheless, patients with indeterminate aspirates are commonly referred for consideration of hemi- or near-total thyroidectomy. Recently, improved understanding and novel investigation of clinical, radiological, cytological, and molecular factors has allowed improved stratification of cancer risk. Conclusion: Although surgery continues to be commonly recommended, strategies for such patients should increasingly seek to define treatment based on the estimation of an individual’s thyroid cancer risk in comparison with associated...
Morphology and ordering in thin liquid-crystal films on flat glass substrates.

Results of a high-resolution x-ray reflectivity study of growth morphology and ordering of thin liquid-crystal films on flat glass substrate are reported. An adsorbed bilayer of crystalline order, under three dimensional clusters, was found to persist well beyond the nematic to isotropic transition. This adsorbed layer appears to be related to the surface memory effects in liquid-crystal devices. The morphology of these films can be described by the Stranski-Krastanov growth mode
Parametric methods in the analysis of survival data

Abstract Parametric methods have been used extensively to analyze survival data. The parametric distribution that has been most widely used in fitting survival data is the exponential. However, the exponential survival distribution does not generally provide a satisfactory fit to survival data. One reason is that the hazard rate in survival studies is not usually constant with respect to time. In roughly the last decade, other survival distributions have been used to fit to survival data. They include the Weibull, gamma, lognormal and extreme value distributions. These distributions allow more flexibility than the exponential because their associated hazard rates are not constant with respect to time. Methods are presented for estimating the parameters of the survival distributions mentioned above in the cases for which the data are uncensored and censored. Furthermore, survival may be correlated with some other variable or variables such as age, weight, or a diagnostic characteristic such as white blood count. To account for the relationship between survival and the variables related to survival, survival models have been developed which take into consideration these concomitant variables. Methodology is also presented for estimating parameters of survival models that include concomitant variables. Finally, methods are discussed concerning growth in survival. For example, a clinical trial may be conducted in stages; each stage representing a treatment regimen that is an improvement over previous stage treatments. Reliability growth models are discussed in order to assess survival at all stages of the clinical trial that have been conducted and predict survival probabilities at future stages.
Actin—membrane interactions: Association of G‐actin with the red cell membrane

Chemically tritiated actin from rabbit skeletal muscle was used to investigate the association of G-actin with the red cell membrane. The tritiated actin was shown to be identical to unmodified actin in its ability to polymerize and to activate heavy meromyosin ATPase. Using sealed and unsealed red cell ghosts we have shown that G-actin binds to the cytoplasmic but not the extracellular membrane surface of ghosts. Inside-out vesicles which have been stripped of endogenous actin and spectrin by low-ionic-strength incubation bind little G-actin. However, when a crude spectrin extract containing primarily spectrin, actin, and band 4.1 is added back to stripped vesicles, subsequent binding of G-actin can be increased up to 40-fold. Further, this crude spectrin extract can compete for and abolish G-actin binding to unsealed ghosts. Actin binding to ghosts increases linearly with added G-actin and requires the presence of magnesium. In addition, actin binding is inhibited by cytochalasin B and DNAase I. Negative staining reveals an abundance of actin filaments formed when G-actin is added to reconstituted inside-out vesicles but none when it is added to unreconstituted vesicles. These observations indicate that added G-actin binds to the red cell membrane via filament formation nucleated by some membrane component at the cytoplasmic surface.
Modular design of a high performance 32-bit microcontroller

A 32-bit microcontroller the MC68332 has been fabricated using a macro-module design approach. This permitted early fabrication and evaluation of the modules as the designs were completed. Interface to the modules was achieved by a common bus interface, which was accessible externally for testing
Glass-blown Pyrex resonator with compensating Ti coating for reduction of TCF

This paper demonstrates that the Thermal Coefficient of resonant Frequency (TCF) of a micro glass-blown Pyrex spherical resonator can be substantially reduced by the application of a titanium (Ti) coating. Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) is used to demonstrate that the temperature dependence of the Young's modulus of the shell material is the dominant parameter affecting the TCF of the resonator, clearly suggesting the use of a metallic compensating layer. Experimental characterization demonstrates that the TCF of a Pyrex glass-blown resonator is reduced by 70% (from 73 ppm/°C to 24 ppm/°C) by the application of a 1.33 μm thick layer of Ti. It is predicted by FEM that for a Ti layer thickness on the order of 2.5 μm the TCF will fall below 10 ppm an acceptable value for high performance resonators. This investigation is a step forward in the quest to employ the desirable properties of micro-blown resonators, such as high symmetry, manufacturing tolerances and environmental robustness.
Magnetization Effects in Superconducting Dipole Magnets

Magnetization effect of superconductor on the field quality has been investigated for some of the typical Energy Doubler bending magnets. Calculations were made using the computor program GFUN2D and compared with some measured results. Agreement between them is good. The field quality at low excitation is mainly determined by the magnetization effect. A similar effect due to a stainless collar mechanical support was also calculated, although it is not as big as the first one.
Yoga Therapy Decreases Dyspnea-Related Distress and Improves Functional Performance in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Pilot Study

Abstract Background: There has been limited study of yoga training as a complementary exercise strategy to manage the symptom of dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Purpose: The primary purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate a yoga program for its safety, feasibility, and efficacy for decreasing dyspnea intensity (DI) and dyspnea-related distress (DD) in older adults with COPD. Methods: Clinically stable patients with COPD (n = 29; age 69.9 ± 9.5; forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 47.7 ± 15.6% predicted; female = 21) were randomized to a 12-week yoga program specifically designed for people with COPD or usual-care control (UC). The twice-weekly yoga program included asanas (yoga postures) and visama vritti pranayama (timed breathing). Safety measure outcomes included heart rate, oxygen saturation, dyspnea, and pain. Feasibility was measured by patient-reported enjoyment, difficulty, and adherence to yoga sessions. At baseline and at 12 weeks, DI and DD wer...
The solution of boundary value problems by the method of the kernel function

The recent progress in computational machinery which opens unexpected and far reaching possibilities in applications puts new demands on certain branches of mathematics. In particular, it requires the development of formulas for solving problems which occur in applications. While in the classical mathematical approach the emphasis was put on the proof of the existence of a solution, in this new development we put an equal stress on the derivation of convenient formulas for representation of these solutions as well as on the question, "To what extent can we read various properties of the solution from the formula obtained; in particular, how do numerical data vary if some given parameter appearing in the solution changes?" Further, it is of importance to obtain unified methods, leading to procedures applicable to a great variety of problems.The situation thus created requires certain formulations of mathematical methods and tools in various mathematical fields. In the present lecture we shall discuss a new approach developed for solving boundary value problems in the theory of linear partial differential equations, which approach is also applicable in conformal mapping. In many respects this method seems to satisfy the demands indicated above.Since certain parts of computations can be repeated in very many instances, it seems advantageous to work out those procedures in which the computations can be divided into two parts: 1) computations which can be used in various problems and which can be carried out by big machines in special computational centers and stored once and for all; 2) those computations which have to be repeated in every particular case and which have to be carried out by smaller machines, for instance, ordinary punch-card machines or even hand computers.
Protein separation by monolithic capillary electrochromatography

Abstract This work presents the separation of model proteins by capillary electrochromatography involving a monolithic stationary phase with C 4 functionality. The monolith was fabricated in UV-transparent capillaries by employing a slight modification of a recently published photopolymerization procedure. With the number of theoretical plates per column ranging between 11 000 and 33 000, the separation efficiency proved to be lower than capillary zone electrophoresis where plate numbers ranged between 18 000 and 66 000. However, higher resolution was obtained due to the additional chromatographic separation mechanism. Inter- and intra-column reproducibility were evaluated, the latter could be significantly improved when using a rinsing procedure that contained 0.05% sodium dodecylsulfate in the mobile phase. Plate heights became nearly independent of mobile phase velocities higher than 0.5 mm/s indicating that high velocities can be applied without sacrificing efficiency. Furthermore, peak heights showed a dependence on injection times. For proteins, an increase in capacity factors was found when increasing the percentage of organic solvent in the mobile phase.
Morphic effects. III - Effects of an external magnetic field on the long wavelength optical phonons.

Abstract The changes in the frequencies of the k ≈ 0 optical vibration modes on the application of a static, external magnetic field to a non-magnetic crystal are determined to first order in the field strength . Second order effects are equivalent to the effects of an electric field in second order and they are not considered here. It is shown that the frequency of a nondegenerate mode is not altered to first order in the magnetic field. In the case of the noncubic crystal structures it is found that the magnetic field must have a component along the axis of highest symmetry in order that the doubly degenerate modes at k ≈ 0 have their degeneracy lifted. In the case of the cubic structures a magnetic field applied in any direction can completely split the degeneracy of modes which are triply degenerate at k ≈ 0. Expressions are given for the field induced changes in the normal mode frequencies. The modes whose frequencies are shifted are found to be right or left circularly polarized. A brief discussion is given of spatial dispersion effects, that is, splitting of the mode degeneracy linear in the phonon wave-vector. Finally, a review of the symmetry aspects of acoustical activity and Faraday effects of acoustical phonons is presented.
Conjugation of antibodies with bifunctional chelating agents: Isothiocyanate and bromoacetamide reagents, methods of analysis, and subsequent addition of metal ions☆

Abstract Preparation of the chelating agent ( S )-4-[2,3-bis[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]propyl]phenyl isothiocyanate is reported. Procedures for conjugation of this and ( S )- N -4-[2,3-bis[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]propyl]phenyl bromoacetamide to monoclonal antibodies and other proteins are described. The conjugates may be purified quickly by centrifugation through Sephadex G-50. The number of protein-bound chelating groups may be measured by titration with standard 57 Co 2+ , using thin-layer chromatography to monitor binding. The labeled products retain their immunoreactivity, as illustrated by experiments in vivo with chelate-conjugated antibody to mouse I-A K antigen.
Platelet volume and plateletcrit in dogs with presumed primary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia.

Background Mean platelet volume (MPV) and plateletcrit (PCT) are indices used in evaluating immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) in humans and in dogs with congenital macrothrombocytopenia. These indices may provide clinically valuable information in acquired thrombocytopenia. Hypothesis/Objectives Dogs with presumed primary IMT will have increased MPV, and therefore platelet mass (PCT) will increase faster than platelet count (PLT) during recovery. Animals Forty-nine dogs with automated PLT < 30,000/μL because of presumed primary IMT and hematocrit (HCT), PCT, MPV, and platelet distribution width determined from the same complete blood count (CBC), and 46 healthy controls. Methods Case-control retrospective study; PLT, PCT, MPV, and platelet distribution width (PDW) were recorded from CBCs from 49 dogs, with 45 having data collected on the day of presentation. Fifteen were confirmed to have attained a PLT ≥ 75,000/μL on at least 1 CBC within 15 days after admission. The PCT equivalent to a PLT of 75,000/μL (assuming an average MPV) was calculated for comparison with PLT in terms of time to achieve a threshold of platelet mass by the 2 measures. Results Mean platelet volume was higher in IMT dogs (17.3 fl) than the reference population (10.5 fl) (P < .0001). The PDW was not significantly different among the groups. The median time for PCT to reach threshold in confirmed responders was faster (3 days) compared with PLT (4 days). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia is characterized by increased MPV. Time to achieve a threshold PCT tended to be shorter than PLT, suggesting that PCT may be a useful platelet parameter for monitoring dogs with IMT.