cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of mitogenic and hormonal stimulation on zinc transport in mixed lymphocyte cultures

Human mixed lymphocyte cultures (hMLC) were used to examine the relationship between mitogenic stimuli (MITO), synthetic human calcitonin (hCT), and human insulin (hINS) on zinc (Zn) transport kinetics. Lymphocytes were isolated using a Ficoll density gradient. The hMLCs were labeled by incubation with 65Zn in either control or MITO-containing media. 65Zn release to equilibrium was then measured in unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated cells treated with hCT and hINS. hCT and hINS were added only during this final incubation due to the rapid response to peptide hormones. Bidirectional transmembrane flux coefficients were calculated using a closed two-compartment model. The hMLCs subjected to MITO stimulation demonstrated a 25% decrease in the fractional efflux coefficient (Kcm) and a 69% increase in the fractional influx coefficient (Kmc) compared with controls. Acute exposure to hINS resulted in a marked increase in Kmc with no significant change in Kcm. Acute exposure to hCT had effects qualitatively simi...
Notes on Utah Weasels

Present knowledge of the natural history, ecology and distribution of weasels in Utah is based on a small but rather steadily growing list of published records and observations. The ermine, Mustela erminea muricus (Bangs), is rarely collected. Literature contains references to only seven Utah specimens. Many of the locality records for the long-tailed weasel, Mustela frenata nevadensis Hall, are from central portions of the state (Durrant: mammals of utah, Univ. Kans. Publ., 1952: 419). Little is known about this mustelid in western or other arid sections of Utah. Published reproduction data on Utah weasels also are lacking. This report contains an additional record of the ermine and new locality records and other notes on the long-tailed weasel. An adult female ermine was taken by the writer and an associate, E. A. Shippee, on September 6, 1953, at Hickerson Park on the North Fork of Sheep Creek, elevation 9300 feet, in Dagget County near the eastern end of the Uinta Mountains. This constitutes the first specimen of this species reported from these mountains and also the easternmost locality record for the state. The specimen, University of Utah collection No. …
Understanding the process of psychological development in youth athletes attending an intensive wrestling camp

AbstractThis study used a grounded theory methodology to understand if and how psychological development in youth athletes was facilitated by an ‘intensive’ summer wrestling camp experience. The theoretical sampling approach involved 10 athlete participants of the camp, nine parents of athletes, the director of the camp, and four camp staff members, who took part in a series of interviews before, during, and after the camp. Two researchers were also embedded in the camp and attended all sessions, took detailed notes, collected camp materials, and conducted observations. Following a grounded theory analysis approach, a model is presented that outlines how youth participants’ developed psychological qualities from the coach-created challenges and adversity that were systematically designed to facilitate sport performance enhancement and life skills. Variations emerged in psychological antecedents and characteristics, how the challenging wrestling camp environment was interpreted and experienced, and how lea...
Humans on Earth: Global extents of anthropogenic land cover from remote sensing

Abstract This review provides a perspective of the current state of the art in remote sensing of anthropogenic land cover and human-modified landscapes at global scales. The fact that humans have adapted to almost all of Earth’s environments, yet remain strongly clustered within each of these environments influences both the nature of anthropogenic impact on Earth’s landscapes and the challenges of mapping it. Remote sensing provides a consistent synoptic view of these environments by mapping the land cover associated with the anthropogenic land uses of settlement and food production, as well as their complement in forest cover. We give brief descriptions and illustrative comparisons of several current land cover products representing the global extents of settlements, agriculture and forests derived from remote sensing. To accommodate the challenges inherent to mapping any land cover at widely varying scales, we compare size distributions of spatially contiguous land cover (rather than total area) for several global land cover products. Despite the use of different sensors and different mapping criteria, there is remarkable consistency in the size distributions of these products – both within and across land cover class. Rank-size distributions of settlements, agricultural areas and forests are all well-described by power laws spanning more than four orders of magnitude in both area and number. This consistency in the form of the distributions suggests fundamental similarities among different types of land cover. The observed similarities can be explained by depicting land cover mosaics as co-evolving spatial networks sharing common processes of nucleation, growth and connection.
EFFECTS OF EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION AND SELF-DIRECTED VIDEO PROMPTING ON TEXT COMPREHENSION OF STUDENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

OF DISSERTATION EFFECTS OF EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION AND SELF-DIRECTED VIDEO PROMPTING ON TEXT COMPREHENSION OF STUDENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of explicit instruction combined with video prompting to teach text comprehension skills to students with autism spectrum disorder. Participants included 4 elementary school students with autism. A multiple probe across participants design was used to evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness. Results indicated that the intervention was successful for all participants. All participants mastered the comprehension skills; however, data were highly variable during the acquisition phase. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Pre-hospital First aid and nursing experience on 120 cases of infantile fever conwlsion

ObjectiveTo explore the infantile fever convulsion of pre-hospital first aid measures.MethodsSelect 120 cases of children with fever convulsion,emergency clinical analysis on it.ResultsAfter careful observation and nursing,120 cases of fever children with convulsions recovery is good,do not appear serious complications.ConclusionThe attack reason with the direct relationship between the temperature rise,to take effective emergency measures in time,and do strict nursing,to reduce convulsion attack repeatedly
Conservation and Management Strategies of Habitats Based on the Foraging Behavior of Giant Pandas

Giant pandas' behaviors of both the seasonal vertical migration and pursuing bamboo shoots depended on the breeding physiological mechanism,and also were closely related with the seasonal change in nutritional content of staple bamboo,the unique biochemical characteristics of bamboo shoots and the heterogeneous pattern of geographic distribution of bamboo. Starting with the foraging behavior of giant pandas,we summarized and analyzed the breeding physiological mechanism of this species,and the relationship of the staple bamboo distribution and characteristics of growth and development. We proposed the basic principles of conservation and management,such as the integration of species protection and community development,the combination of nature reservations and scientific research,on the basis of the eco-biological characteristics of this species. Furthermore,we should make some effective measures to improve habitat management,namely,the vertical layout management of territorial forest systems,and prohibit the cutting of staple bamboo shoots,and establish food bases for captive pandas.
Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy for In Situ Monitoring of Ceramic Nuclear Waste Forms

The use of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is presented as a non-contact method for in situ monitoring of ceramic waste forms. Single-phase materials of zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7), pyrochlore (Nd2Ti2O7), and hollandite (BaCs0.3Cr2.3Ti5.7O16 and BaCs0.3CrFeAl0.3Ti5.7O16) were characterized. The refractive index and dielectric properties in THz frequencies demonstrate the ability to distinguish between these materials. Differences in processing methods show distinct changes in both the THz-TDS spectra and optical and dielectric properties of these ceramic phases. The temperature dependence of the refractive index and relative permittivity of pyrochlore and zirconolite materials in the range of 25–200 °C is found to follow an exponential increasing trend. This can also be used to monitor the temperature of the ceramic waste forms on storage over extended geological time scales.
Across a Great Divide: Continuity and Change in Native North American Societies, 1400–1900

It seems to be increasingly common for me to read a volume like Across a Great Divide: Continuity and Change in Native North American Societies, 1400–1900, edited by Laura A. Scheiber and Mark D. M...
Validation of Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry to Predict Body Composition of Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides a noninvasive way to determine lean tissue mass (LTM), fat mass (FM), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) in humans and small mammals. Live channel catfish (n=74, 78g - 1200 g) were anesthetized and scanned in both a lateral position and a dorsa-ventral position. Six individual fish (300g - 600g) were scanned five times each to determine precision by the coefficient of variation. Precision was good for LTM (0.75-1.06%) and for BMC and BMD (2-2.6%). Precision for FM was not good (27-34%), which was due to the very low FM (0-1g) recorded by the DXA. However, using the predicted values, FM precision improved to 5-5.5%. DXA values for LTM, FM, and BMC were significantly different from chemical analysis (P 0.05). DXA may also be a valuable tool for evaluating body condition longitudinally in commercial or in threatened or endangered fish species, where non-invasive procedures would be invaluable.
Caught in the Crossfire: How the Threat of Hedge Fund Activism Affects Creditors

This paper examines how the threat of hedge fund activism (HFA) affects creditors. Within HFA rampant industries, firms with an ex ante high likelihood of being targeted experience significant increases in bond yield and default probability, and deteriorations in credit ratings. In loan initiations, threatened firms face larger spreads and a greater number of restrictive covenants. At the same time, these firms repurchase shares, decrease cash holdings and issue new debt – policy changes that tend to enhance share value but may jeopardize creditor interests. We find that the negative creditor effects are more pronounced in firms with greater improvement in equity performance and poor governance, and in years with more frequent interventions – in particular hostile interventions. Our paper brings additional insight into the role of HFA as an external governance mechanism.
Behavioral, mental, and physical health characteristics and opioid medication misuse among community pharmacy patients: A latent class analysis

Abstract Background Community pharmacists are well-positioned to address the US opioid medication crisis, which has created a need to detect misuse risk in order to provide optimal patient care. Objectives This study sought to identify community pharmacy patient subgroups at risk for opioid medication misuse. Methods This study was a cross-sectional survey that examined behavioral, mental, and physical health characteristics among patients filling opioid pain medications. A convenience sample of adult patients filling opioid pain medications who were not receiving cancer treatment were screened in 2 urban and 2 rural community pharmacies in southwestern Pennsylvania. Patient subgroups were identified using latent class analysis. Latent class regression analysis was used to examine the association between subgroup membership and misuse. Results A total of 333 patients completed the survey (response rate 71.4%). Latent class analysis results showed that a 3-class solution best fit the data, which were labeled: mental health (8.4%, n = 28), poor health (79.6%, n = 265), and hazardous alcohol use (12%, n = 40). Individuals within the mental health subgroup had an increased risk for opioid medication misuse (Odds Ratio = 6.23, 95% CI = 5.13–7.33). Conclusion These findings demonstrate heterogeneity of this population receiving prescribed opioids and the potential to identify subgroups with high misuse risk. These findings also support routine screening of patients filling opioid medications and suggest the need for evidence-based patient-centered intervention development.
Self-reported sleep and Alzheimer disease CSF biomarkers: A wake-up call

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia, and numerous studies have described sleep disturbances and circadian abnormalities in persons with symptomatic AD.1 A rapidly accumulating body of research suggests that disturbed sleep is not only a consequence of pathologic brain changes of AD, but may also contribute to AD pathophysiologic mechanisms, even in the preclinical stages of AD.2 Sleep disturbances are associated with amyloid deposition, the first known stage of preclinical AD. Poorer sleep quality, as measured by wrist actigraphy, and more frequent napping were tied to CSF evidence of amyloid deposition,3 and self-report of poorer sleep quality and shorter sleep duration were associated with greater amyloid burden, measured by amyloid PET imaging.4,5 The hypothesized underlying mechanism is sleep-related decreases in soluble β-amyloid (Aβ) levels: sleep disturbance acutely increases soluble Aβ in humans and mice,6 and chronically increases deposition of Aβ into plaques in mouse models.7 Insufficient sleep is therefore a plausible promoter of amyloid deposition.
Discontinuity in Fast Dynamics at the Glass Transition of ortho-Terphenyl

The dynamics of the molecular glass former ortho-terphenyl through the glass transition were observed with two-dimensional infrared vibrational spectroscopy measurements of spectral diffusion using the small probe molecule phenylselenocyanate. Although the slow diffusive motions were not visible on the experimental time scale, a picosecond-scale exponential relaxation was observed at temperatures from above to well below the glass transition temperature. The characteristic time scale has a smooth temperature dependence from the liquid into the glass phase, but the range of vibrational frequencies the probe samples displayed a discontinuity at the glass transition temperature. Complementary pump-probe experiments associate the observed motion with density fluctuations. The key features of the dynamics are reproduced with a simple corrugated well potential energy surface model. In addition, the temperature dependence of the homogeneous vibrational dephasing was found to have a T2 functional form, where T is...
"We Don't Have Students Colour Maps Anymore …" A Survey of Social Studies Teachers Use of Visual Materials.

AbstractMany researchers, teacher educators, teachers and students view graphics in text as an aspect of student learning (e.g. engagement, comprehension). However, as a field we have not addressed...
Abstract WP303: Integrating Stroke Center Quality Metrics Into Pre-hospital Triage in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Rapid treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is key to improving outcomes, yet pre-hospital transportation decisions are rarely considered. Decisions on acute care destinations for AI...
Theoretical perspective on strangeness production

A brief review of some highlights and puzzles on strangeness production in heavy ion collisions is given. These include strangeness production and the nuclear equation of state; deeply subthreshold strangeness production; mean-field potentials on strange hadrons; phi meson in dense matter; anomalous strange hadron to pion ratios; density fluctuations on particle production; A hyperon polarization and the vorticity field, and exotic hadrons.
Cancer-Specific Stress and Trajectories of Psychological and Physical Functioning in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most prevalent adult leukemia. The disease is incurable with a cycling of treatment and relapse common. Little is known about the psychological and physical functioning of patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer-specific stress is an important individual difference variable that predicts psychological and physical outcomes. Purpose To examine cancer-specific stress at treatment initiation as a predictor of psychological and physical functioning trajectories in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia during the first 5 months of treatment. Methods Patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (N = 152) enrolled in a phase II clinical trial completed self-report measures at treatment initiation (baseline), 1, 2, and 5 months of treatment. Cancer-specific stress at baseline was examined as a predictor of psychological (cognitive-affective depressive symptoms, negative mood, mental health quality of life) and physical functioning (fatigue interference, sleep problems, physical health quality of life), controlling for demographic and treatment variables. Results Using multilevel modeling, higher baseline cancer-specific stress was related to worse psychological (cognitive-affective depressive symptoms, negative mood, mental health quality of life) and physical functioning (fatigue interference, sleep problems) at baseline and more rapid improvements during the next 5 months. Despite these improvements, higher baseline cancer-specific stress remained associated with poorer 5-month psychological, though not physical, functioning. Conclusions Findings suggest cancer-specific stress at treatment initiation may be a risk factor for poorer psychological functioning during treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Is functional gallbladder disease truly increasing? Results from the Rochester Epidemiology Project

Abstract Introduction Reports from US administrative databases showed an increase in cholecystectomy rate for functional gallbladder disorder (FGBD), a disease is not well recognized elsewhere. We aimed to identify the incidence and cholecystectomy rate for FGBD in an epidemiologically well-defined and prospectively studied population and compare results to published data. Methods After IRB approval, we extracted data from the NIH funded Rochester Epidemiology Project. We used ICD-9 codes (575.8) and (575.9) to identify patients with FGBD from 2000 to 2014. Results Between 2000 and 2014 we identified 253 patients with specified ICD-9 codes and no stones among a population of 135,000. Based on their medical records, 24 patients had confirmed FGBD, the incidence was 1.77/10,000 and cholecystectomy rate was for these patients was 70%. Conclusion The incidence of FGBD was much lower than State data with similar cholecystectomy rate. Additional investigation may be needed to understand if cholecystectomy rate is truly increasing.
Management of Bacterial Infections in Cancer Patients

The prognosis for patients with hematological malignancies and some metastatic cancers has improved substantially during recent years. Major factors in this progress have been the discovery of more effective antitumor agents and the introduction of combination chemotherapy. Although these advances have been most encouraging, they have not been accomplished without risk to the patients due to toxicity of antitumor agents. The primary toxicities of most anti-tumor agents are myelosuppression and immunosuppression. The consequence of these toxicities is increased susceptibility to infection which may be further enhanced by mucosal ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract which facilitates invasion of enteric organisms into the bloodstream.
Use of Ad Hominem Argument in Political Discourse: The Battalino Case from the Impeachment Trial of President Clinton

This essay analyzes a circumstantial ad hominem argument advanced during the Senate impeachment trial of President Clinton. The argument attacks Clinton's case for leniency on the grounds that he d...
Development of Structure in Silicon Nitride Grain Boundaries

Parameters that influence the development of structure in silicon nitride grain boundaries were investigated by comparing grain boundary phase crystallization in two systems. Quantitative XEDS and Transmission Electron Microscopy were used to characterize the crystallization processes. Grain boundary garnet crystallized into a large network structure with secondary silicon nitride precipitating on existing grains. Cordierite crystallized outwards from the center of second phase pockets producing a fine polycrystalline oxide structure with a dispersion of small secondary silicon nitride grains. Structures of oxide/glass interfaces were compared.
Stem Cell Plasticity: Validation Versus Valedictory

The field of stem cell plasticity, by which most commentators and investigators mean plasticity of adult stem cells, was opened to great fanfare with the publication of three papers in Science in the last 2 years of the prior millennium. This trio, taken together, was trumpeted by Science as the “Breakthrough of the Year” for 1999 and showed that stem cells deriving from one organ were not only not restricted to producing cells of that organ (so, e.g., marrow-derived cells could become skeletal muscle) but were also not restricted to their embryonic germ layer of origin (neural stem cells produced blood and marrowderived stem cells produced liver) [1–3].
Chapter 3 – Thermodynamic Relationships and Applications

The Carnot cycle is used to define the thermodynamic temperature thatis an integrating denominator converting the inexact differential δq into an exact differential of the entropy D s . This thermodynamic temperature is the same as the absolute temperature obtained from the ideal gas. In a Joule-Thomson expansion, a gas under pressure flows through an orifice and expands at a lower pressure. The gas expands against a piston at a lower pressure p 2 until all of the gas has been transferred to the other side of the membrane with a final volume V 2 and temperature T 2 . Adiabatic shields keep heat from flowing into or out of the apparatus, and the flow rate is so slow that kinetic and potential energy changes associated with the flow are negligible.
Conversion Disorder Manifesting as Functional Visual Loss

Abstract Background Children with conversion disorder experience neurological symptoms without a definable organic cause. Clinical presentation of conversion disorders is uncommon in the emergency department (ED). Case Report An 11-year-old previously healthy girl presented to the ED for management of lobar pneumonia. She developed acute visual loss subsequent to accidental placement of an intra-arterial cannula in her arm. Clinical assessments by the emergency physician, neurology, ophthalmology, and psychiatry services, and negative neuroimaging studies established the diagnosis of functional visual loss as a manifestation of conversion disorder. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Conversion disorder symptoms are often without any specific markers and do not fit standard clinical guidelines. A comprehensive and step-wise evaluation of unusual clinical presentation by multiple specialties and ancillary test results should be considered to rule out organic causes and establish the diagnosis of conversion disorder, as seen in our patient.
Rate and associated factors of transient ischemic attack misdiagnosis.

Abstract Background and purpose The goal of this study was to investigate the rate and associated factors of Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) misdiagnosis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with an initial diagnosis of TIA in the emergency department (ED) in a 9-month period. All hospitalized TIA patients were evaluated by a neurologist within 24 h and had at least one hospital discharge follow-up visit within three months. Patients' clinical data and neuroimaging were reviewed. The final diagnosis was independently verified by two stroke neurologists. Results Out of 276 patients with the initial diagnosis of TIA, 254 patients (mean age 68.7 ± 15.4 years, 40.9% male, 25.2% final diagnosis of TIA) were included in the analysis. Twenty-four patients (9.4%) were referred to our rapid-access TIA clinic. The rate of TIA misdiagnosis among TIA clinic referred patients was 45.8%. Among the 230 patients in inpatient setting, the rate of TIA misdiagnosis was 60.0%. A hospital discharge diagnosis of TIA was observed in 54.3% of hospitalized patients; however, only 24.8% had the final diagnosis of TIA. Among hospitalized patients, the univariate analysis suggests a significant difference (P Conclusion Our study indicates a high rate of TIA misdiagnosis in the emergency department, hospital, and outpatient clinics.
Assessment of viscosity models that incorporate lag parameter scaling

Abstract Elliptic blending lag models combine a ‘stress-strain misalignment’ parameter with conventional k − ω or k − e based linear eddy viscosity models. The lag parameter is effective in scaling the behavior of the eddy viscosity, particularly in the near wall region. This proves to be critical for prediction of non-equilibrium flows. Flow configurations demonstrating such regimes are evaluated with the new class of lag models and their performances are compared with frequently used RANS formulations ( k − ω S S T , k − ω -2006). A two-dimensional bump geometry that creates different pressure gradient regimes in the flow field was chosen as the first test case as RANS models often perform poorly in adverse pressure gradient flows. A swept configuration of similar bump geometry was also chosen to assess the performance of models for flows with transverse pressure gradients. Separation inside a 3D diffuser of varying inlet aspect ratios expanding in both wall-normal and spanwise directions was studied. Such a configuration incorporates the effect of multi-directional pressure gradient on a flow and usually proves challenging for linear eddy viscosity models. Finally, the models were tested on a complex 3D test case with a variation of NACA 0020 airfoil attached to a plate. This junction flow has been widely examined both experimentally and numerically in the past with emphasis being on the prediction of flow around the junction and subsequent downstream development. The lag models were observed to be successful in reproducing the mean flow quantities when compared to high fidelity/experimental solutions for the 2D and 3D flows.
Modular verification of web page layout

Automated verification can ensure that a web page satisfies accessibility, usability, and design properties regardless of the end user's device, preferences, and assistive technologies. However, state-of-the-art verification tools for layout properties do not scale to large pages because they rely on whole-page analyses and must reason about the entire page using the complex semantics of the browser layout algorithm. This paper introduces and formalizes modular layout proofs. A modular layout proof splits a monolithic verification problem into smaller verification problems, one for each component of a web page. Each component specification can use rely/guarantee-style preconditions to make it verifiable independently of the rest of the page and enabling reuse across multiple pages. Modular layout proofs scale verification to pages an order of magnitude larger than those supported by previous approaches. We prototyped these techniques in a new proof assistant, Troika. In Troika, a proof author partitions a page into components and writes specifications for them. Troika then verifies the specifications, and uses those specifications to verify whole-page properties. Troika also enables the proof author to verify different component specifications with different verification tools, leveraging the strengths of each. In a case study, we use Troika to verify a large web page and demonstrate a speed-up of 13--1469x over existing tools, taking verification time from hours to seconds. We develop a systematic approach to writing Troika proofs and demonstrate it on 8 proofs of properties from prior work to show that modular layout proofs are short, easy to write, and provide benefits over existing tools.
The Challenges of American Indian Land Tenure and the Vastness of Entrepreneurial Potential

This chapter explores the link between entrepreneurship and the larger project of reservation land tenure reform. Many scholars draw a connection between land-tenure design and economic development generally. This chapter provides a more detailed analysis of current reservation land tenure dynamics and the specific challenges these systems can create for private economic development. Despite this current system’s widely recognized economic and non-economic perils, successful reservation land reforms have proven incredibly difficult to achieve. In order to encourage more land-tenure innovation, this chapter flips the land reform conversation on its head. Instead of focusing solely on land reform strategies to promote economic development, this chapter explores how supporting entrepreneurship itself might, in turn, drive more experimental, innovative, and flexible Indigenous-led land reform. Entrepreneurs tend to thrive in the kind of uncertain legal environment that is otherwise seen as a problem in Indian country, and entrepreneurs might therefore be uniquely well suited to navigate reservation legal landscapes in creative ways. Entrepreneurship can be a powerful catalyst both to improve reservation economies and to support Indigenous efforts to reclaim and sustain local land ethics and community property law choices.
Eerste reacties van hulpverleners

De eerste reacties van hulpverleners vormen de eerste component van Stap 1 van het stepped-caremodel (zie fig. II.1). De initiele klinische reacties op zelfverwonding zijn bepalend voor de rest van de beoordeling en behandeling. Een kundige aanpak aan het begin kan het vertrouwen van de client winnen, familieleden geruststellen in een periode van intense stress en de unieke kenmerken van de zelfverwonding correct afbakenen. Omgekeerd kunnen verkeerde initiele reacties op zelfverwonding op de lange termijn negatieve repercussies hebben. Onjuiste diagnosestelling kan ertoe leiden dat het gedrag als suicidaal wordt bestempeld, met onnodige psychiatrische ziekenhuisopnames en de bijbehorende stigmatisering tot gevolg. In dit hoofdstuk wordt besproken hoe taal strategisch kan worden ingezet en hoe toepasselijk interpersoonlijk gedrag als reactie op zelfverwonding eruitziet.
A meta-analysis of the potential antidepressant effects of buprenorphine versus placebo as an adjunctive pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant depression.

Abstract Background Numerous reports have suggested that buprenorphine may have antidepressant effects. Many individuals with depressive disorders don't respond to first-line treatment and are classified with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Novel therapies for depression are required to better treat this population. This meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials sought to evaluate the potential antidepressant effects of buprenorphine as an adjunctive pharmacological treatment for individuals with TRD. Methods PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched until June 2019 for original peer-reviewed reports of buprenorphine used for the treatment of depression. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were generated from random effects models. Risk of publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored in subgroup analyses. Results In six studies that met inclusion criteria, depression symptom severity in individuals with TRD was not significantly decreased after an adjunctive intervention with buprenorphine when compared to placebo (SMD = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.21–0.06, p = 0.30). Five of the six studies utilized a combination of buprenorphine/samidorphan. In these studies, depression symptom severity was also not significantly reduced after intervention compared to placebo (SMD = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.21 – 0.05, p = 0.23). Limitations Five included studies were performed by the same research group with significant conflicts of interest. Conclusions This meta-analysis did not reveal a significant reduction in depression symptom severity in individuals with TRD after an adjunctive intervention with buprenorphine when compared to placebo. However, more optimal doses of buprenorphine (2 mg/day) and longer treatment lengths should be explored.
PION PRODUCTION – A PROBE FOR COHERENCE IN MEDIUM ENERGY HEAVY ION COLLISIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the pion production. In an experiment described in the chapter, neutral pion production was observed in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies as low as 25 MeV/u, where this process consumes a major portion of the total center of mass energy available. At these low beam energies, single nucleon–nucleon collision models and also models that incorporate the cooperative sharing of the beam energy of several nucleons do not reproduce the data. At low beam energies, multiple Coulomb excitation is known as a coherent mechanism to study collective modes of the projectile or target nucleus. The pion kinetic energy spectra, in the laboratory system, are typically peaked at low energies of 10–15 MeV and fall off exponentially toward higher kinetic energies. The inverse slope constants are surprisingly large even at these low beam energies. Single nucleon–nucleon collision mechanisms were found to be successful in explaining pion production data even below the free nucleon–nucleon threshold for pion production.
Climate Change, Air Pollution, and Health: Common Sources, Similar Impacts, and Common Solutions

We are living in the Anthropocene. Human beings have become a major force by massively polluting the air we breathe as well as the entire atmosphere, which maintains the climate in a habitable zone. Close to one trillion tons of air and climate pollutants are blanketing the earth, and trillions of additional tons will be added this century. Millions of people are dying prematurely every year due to air pollution. If climate pollutant emissions are allowed to continue well into the twenty-first century, global warming and climate change can pose existential threats to Homo sapiens and many other species. The dominant sources of air pollution and climate change are the same: (1) combustion of fossil fuels and biomass for energy; and (2) agriculture, including livestock. Both air pollution and climate change have catastrophic impacts on human health, exposing billions of people to toxic pollution, deadly heat waves, floods, droughts, and fires. Basically, fossil fuel has become an outdated fuel. There is still time to mitigate and avoid the worst consequences. An integral strategy to mitigate air pollution and climate pollution is required because drastic emission cuts in climate pollutants, such as by switching from fossil fuels to abundantly available renewable fuels, will also reduce air pollution. Less wasteful use of fertilizers and greater consumption of a plant-based diet are also required. Technical solutions have to be bolstered by societal transformation solutions to solve the problem in time and transition to a safer Anthropocene.
Short-term water deprivation has widespread effects on mating behaviour in a harvestman

Individual variation in resource acquisition prior to mating can influence the expression of sexually selected traits and mating dynamics. One important resource that has the potential to affect mating is water; however, little is known about whether variation in individual hydration status impacts mating behaviour. Here, we investigate the effects of short-term water deprivation on mating behaviour in the harvestman Leiobunum vittatum, commonly known as daddy longlegs. These harvestmen follow stereotyped stages of mating during which males attempt to clasp females in a ‘mating embrace’, then attempt to copulate, and may guard females after copulation; females are able to resist male attempts at each stage to end the interaction. During these interactions, males pass fluid nuptial gifts to females for their consumption. We tested how short-term water deprivation affects mating dynamics in harvestmen using a fully factorial, single-choice mating trials between males and females that were deprived or not deprived of water for 4 h. Water deprivation affected behaviour at multiple stages of mating. Females deprived of water were less likely to resist male advances but also less likely to be embraced by males. Most dramatically, the duration of intromission was greatly reduced in trials where both sexes were water-deprived. Together, these results suggest that even short periods of water deprivation impact mating-related behaviour of both sexes and may be an important but neglected factor in sexual selection.
Guilty By Association: The Boycotting Of Danish Products In The Middle East

We present a business situation encountered by several multinational corporations as they faced social boycotts of their products in countries where the policies of their home country’s government were unpopular. The case examines the issues surrounding the boycott of Danish products following the publication of cartoons depicting the likeness of Prophet Muhammad in what was interpreted as blasphemous by Muslim consumers.
Examining Applicant Online Recruitment: The Use of Fictitious Websites in Experimental Studies:

Advancements in technology enable hospitality organizations to rely on digital recruitment efforts such as websites to attract applicants. Reflecting this industry trend, a small, but growing body ...
The white matter query language: a novel approach for describing human white matter anatomy

We have developed a novel method to describe human white matter anatomy using an approach that is both intuitive and simple to use, and which automatically extracts white matter tracts from diffusion MRI volumes. Further, our method simplifies the quantification and statistical analysis of white matter tracts on large diffusion MRI databases. This work reflects the careful syntactical definition of major white matter fiber tracts in the human brain based on a neuroanatomist's expert knowledge. The framework is based on a novel query language with a near-to-English textual syntax. This query language makes it possible to construct a dictionary of anatomical definitions that describe white matter tracts. The definitions include adjacent gray and white matter regions, and rules for spatial relations. This novel method makes it possible to automatically label white matter anatomy across subjects. After describing this method, we provide an example of its implementation where we encode anatomical knowledge in human white matter for ten association and 15 projection tracts per hemisphere, along with seven commissural tracts. Importantly, this novel method is comparable in accuracy to manual labeling. Finally, we present results applying this method to create a white matter atlas from 77 healthy subjects, and we use this atlas in a small proof-of-concept study to detect changes in association tracts that characterize schizophrenia.
Firearms and Domestic Violence Fatalities: Preventable Deaths

This Article addresses the highly gendered nature of victimization within intimate relationships, firearm ownership, and intimate partner firearm fatalities. Research shows that racial prejudice, political moments, and societal images of “frontier masculinity” produce higher rates of firearm ownership by white men than by other demographics; furthermore, firearm possession correlates with high rates of perpetrating domestic violence and intimate fatalities, making restricting abuse perpetrators’ access to firearms important. Practitioners and courts face hard realities when seeking to prevent intimate fatalities, including the gendered knowledge gap as to whether there are guns in the home, the ease of access to firearms in the United States, and implementation gaps that must be closed for laws to be effective. In proposing reforms, the Article posits legislative reforms and public health and pragmatic community solutions.
On the Quenched Free Energy of JT Gravity and Supergravity

The quenched free energy, $F_Q(T){=}{-}T\langle \ln Z(T)\rangle$, of various JT gravity and supergravity theories is explored, taking into account the key non-perturbative physics that is accessible using their matrix model formulations. The leading low energy physics of these systems can be modelled by the Airy and (a family of) Bessel models, which arise from scaling limits of matrix ensembles. The $F_Q(T)$s of these models are directly computed by explicit sampling of the matrix ensembles, and how their properties are connected to the statistical mechanics of the underlying discrete spectrum of the ensembles is elucidated. Some of the low temperature ($T$) features of the results confirm recent observations by Jassen and Mirbabayi. The results are then used as benchmarks for exploring an intriguing formula proposed by Okuyama for computing $F_Q(T)$ in terms of the connected correlators of its partition function, the wormholes of the gravity theory. A low $T$ truncation of the correlators helps render the formula practical, but it is shown that this is at the expense of much of its accuracy. The significance of the statistical interpretation of $F_Q(T)$ for black hole microphysics is discussed.
Small airway determinants of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background Although a variety of pathological changes have been described in small airways of patients with COPD, the critical anatomic features determining airflow limitation remain incompletely characterised. Methods We examined lung tissue specimens from 18 non-smokers without chronic lung disease and 55 former smokers with COPD for pathological features of small airways that could contribute to airflow limitation. Morphometric evaluation was performed for epithelial and subepithelial tissue thickness, collagen and elastin content, luminal mucus and radial alveolar attachments. Immune/inflammatory cells were enumerated in airway walls. Quantitative emphysema scoring was performed on chest CT scans. Results Small airways from patients with COPD showed thickening of epithelial and subepithelial tissue, mucus plugging and reduced collagen density in the airway wall (in severe COPD). In patients with COPD, we also observed a striking loss of alveolar attachments, which are connective tissue septa that insert radially into the small airway adventitia. While each of these parameters correlated with reduced airflow (FEV1), multivariable regression analysis indicated that loss of alveolar attachments was the major determinant of airflow limitation related to small airways. Neutrophilic infiltration of airway walls and collagen degradation in airway adventitia correlated with loss of alveolar attachments. In addition, quantitative analysis of CT scans identified an association between the extent of emphysema and loss of alveolar attachments. Conclusion In COPD, loss of radial alveolar attachments in small airways is the pathological feature most closely related to airflow limitation. Destruction of alveolar attachments may be mediated by neutrophilic inflammation.
Significant liver injury during hospitalization for COVID-19 is not associated with liver insufficiency or death.

Background & Aims Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is associated with hepatocellular liver injury of uncertain significance. We aimed to determine whether development of significant liver injury during hospitalization is related to concomitant medications or processes common in COVID-19 (eg, ischemia, hyperinflammatory, or hypercoagulable states), and whether it can result in liver failure and death. Methods There were 834 consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who were included. Clinical, medication, and laboratory data were obtained at admission and throughout hospitalization using an identified database. Significant liver injury was defined as an aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level 5 or more times the upper limit of normal; ischemia was defined as vasopressor use for a minimum of 2 consecutive days; hyperinflammatory state was defined as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein value of 100 mg/L or more, and hypercoagulability was defined as D-dimer 5 mg/L or more at any time during hospitalization. Results A total of 105 (12.6%) patients developed significant liver injury. Compared with patients without significant liver injury, ischemia (odds ratio [OR], 4.3; range, 2.5–7.4; P Conclusions Liver test abnormalities known to be associated with COVID-19 are secondary to other insults, mostly ischemia or drug-induced liver injury, and do not lead to liver insufficiency or death.
The Low Productivity Trap: Chiapas Growth Diagnostics

Chiapas is the state with the lowest income per capita in Mexico and the state that grew the least during the last decade. Therefore, the income gap between Chiapas and the rest of Mexico has widened remarkably. This weak performance contrasts sharply with the relative macroeconomic and institutional stability that prevailed during the same period, and the massive amount of public resources that poured into the region since the Zapatista uprising in January 1994. To identify contributing factors, this document follows the Growth Diagnostics methodology developed by Hausmann, Rodrik and Velasco (2005), with some changes to adapt to the particularities of a sub-national context. Our goal is the same: to identify the main constraints to economic growth in Chiapas. Our analysis indicates that the main constraints to economic growth in the state are not among the usual suspects. Low levels of education are to some extent related to the way Chiapas fell behind the rest of Mexico, but only explain a small part of the gap. Mountainous geography and weather are a challenge to building and preserving infrastructure in the region, but that doesn’t seem to be the major obstacle to the development of productive capacities. There isn’t evidence of failures in the credit markets. Low levels of private credit in Chiapas are related to the low productivity of the local economy rather than bottlenecks or insufficiencies in the supply of financing options. Our conclusion is that Chiapas is in a (low) productivity trap. Its major problem is that its economy has very low complexity and mirrors its scant capacities. Modern production systems require a number of complementary inputs that are absent in Chiapas. In this context, productive diversity and private investment are low because returns to investment are also low. Given that demand derived from investment is low, supply of complementary inputs is inhibited, which leads to a coordination dilemma similar to the chicken and egg problem. Solving this problem requires government intervention. Some of the few cases of exports of manufactured goods in Chiapas are the result of successful federal interventions to coordinate provision of necessary production inputs with the demand for them.