cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elastic Stress Transfer from Fiber to Coating in a Fiber-Coating System

Abstract Stress analyses are performed for a fiber with a uniform coating in its central portion where the fiber is subjected to an axial tensile stress at each end and the fiber-coating interface experiences a residual clamping stress. The case of a bonded interface was considered previously. An unbonded frictional interface is considered in the present study. The results show that upon tensile loading, sliding begins at the ends of the coating and extends toward the middle of the coating length. The interfacial shear stress increases with the increase in either the clamping stress or the coefficient of friction, and decreases with the increase in the thickness or Young's modulus of the coating, or Poisson's ratio of the fiber. When the interfacial shear stress increases, the stress transfer from the fiber to the coating becomes more effective and the length over which sliding occurs decreases. However, compared to the bonded interface case, the stress transfer is less effective for the frictional interface case.
Corrections to ‘The use of sterilised polyester mosquito net mesh for inguinal hernia repair in Ghana’

Dear Editors, Calculations related to cost-eVectiveness included in the paper by Clarke et al. [1] were drawn from a previous version of Shillcutt et al. [2], which contained several errors that should be highlighted. The correct values within the following sentence are in parentheses: “DALYs were calculated in the reference case, with an average of 18.90 (9.32) DALYs averted per person, and a total of 2,136 (1,052) DALYs averted in the study. Cost-eVectiveness analyses identiWed an average cost of $636.65 ($120.02) per hernia repair from a provider perspective, with a resultant cost of $33.69 ($12.88) per DALY averted. Adjusting costs to the societal perspective resulted in an overall cost of $32.27 ($11.04) per DALY averted.” Corrections and modiWcations made to the calculations included the following: provider costs were pro-rated to the length of the program, consistent with Gosselin et al. [3], instead of being simply annualized. InXation to 2008 US$ was previously done with Ghanaian inXation rates instead of US rates. Personnel costs collected on site were replaced with WHO–CHOICE Wgures to improve within-study consistency and acrossstudy comparability for decisions beyond the Ghanaian context. Transportation costs for European teams, costs of a 2-h radio campaign, eight water tanks to all hospitals, and multivitamin costs were added to augment the robustness of the costing. Corrections to DALY calculations were made in a previous erratum [4], which highlight the importance of using formulas directly from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) website [5]. Our evidence is based on a small cohort study and there are several areas where it could be strengthened. Costs should be measured in similar settings to corroborate or challenge our Wndings. Empirically based disability weights should be deWned to reXect true patient or provider preferences. The rationale behind our modeling of outcomes from longstanding hernias is based on the best available evidence and is open for debate. Testing the eVectiveness and costeVectiveness of this kind of program on a larger scale would strengthen evidence for policy decisions. Monitoring these programs as they develop local self-suYciency, as African health systems strengthen, and as the epidemiology of hernias evolve is an exciting area for future research.
An Experimental Compartmental Flow Model for Assessing the Hemodynamic Response of Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations to Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Stereotactic radiosurgery has proven to be an effective method of treating selected inaccessible or inoperable arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain. Radiation-induced obliteration of successfully-treated AVMs, however, occurs only after some latent period after treatment, depending on size, location, and dose. An experimental compartmental flow model is proposed to describe the hemodynamic alterations in the AVM as a result of the pathophysiological changes after radiosurgery, and to analyze temporal alterations in AVM blood flow rates and pressure gradients before complete obliteration. In representative small (low-flow, 150 ml/min) and large (high-flow, 440 ml/min) AVMs, it is found that increases in pressure gradients across certain vascular structures within the AVM occur during the normal course of radiation-induced flow decrease and AVM obliteration. The magnitude of these pressure alterations, however, may be within the normal physiological variations in cerebrovascular blood pressure. The effects of partial-volume irradiation of the AVM is examined by limiting radiosurgical treatment to varying portions of the flow compartments within the model. It is found that alterations in pressure gradients persist in unirradiated vascular shunts, even after complete obliteration of the treated AVM volume. These pressure alterations may increase the probability of hemorrhage from the untreated shunts of the AVM and cause redistribution of regional cerebral blood flow resulting in increased flow through these untreated shunts.
Polyploidization of rat liver following castration of males and females.

Abstract The development of polyploid populations of cells was followed in the livers of castrated new-born and weanling rats and their littermate controls. The octaploid population of nuclei of the castrates is consistently reduced by at least half, often by much more, while the diploid and tetraploid populations remain essentially unchanged. The reduction of the octaploid nuclear population is shown to be independent of the growth state of the animal and appears to be a specific response to the loss of the gonadal hormones. Functional implications of this study are discussed.
Evidence for ras gene mutation in 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-induced colonic aberrant crypts in the rat.

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are putative peneoplastic lesions that develop after treatment of animals with colon carcinogens, including cooked-meat heterocyclic amines such as 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ). Male F344 rats given IQ by gavage on alternating days for 2 wk (130 mg/kg body weight) and killed 12 wk after the final carcinogen dose had an average of 4.4 ACF/colon and an average of 3.2 crypts/focus. The DNA from these ACF was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by 3′-primer mismatch and direct sequencing methods for mutations in the Ki-ras proto-oncogene. Of the 37 IQ-induced ACF screened, three contained a GGT→GAT mutation in codon 12 and one contained a GGC→GCC mutation in codon 13. The approximately 11% frequency of mutation in IQ-induced ACF is within the range of previous ACF studies of azoxymethane, which reported a 7–37% incidence of Ki-ras mutaion. These findings suggest that for both compounds, ras mutations occur during early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis. However, while ras mutations can be detected with increasing frequency in azoxymethane-induced adenomas and carcinomas, they are reportedly absent in IQ-induced colon tumors. Thus, for IQ and related compounds additional factors (possibly increased cell proliferation) may be important in the later stages of colorectal tumorigenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss Inc.
Compressible flow hot-wire calibration

A resistance thermal anemometer operated in compressible flow is sensitive to density, velocity, and total temperature fluctuations. To address these effects, a relatively inexpensive compressible flow calibration facility has been developed and tested. Characteristics of a hot-film anemometer in compressible flow are determined and a correction technique to account for differences in mean density between the calibration facility and the flow under study is proposed.
Metamaterial homogenization: extraction of effective constitutive parameters

We present a numerical algorithm for extracting all 36 linear constitutive parameters of a metamaterial crystal as a function of frequency and wavenumber based on driving a metamaterial with electric and magnetic charge and current. We demonstrate how spatial dispersion can result in bianisotropy in a centrosymmetric crystal. Several tests are performed on a 2D metamaterial crystal to validate these "current driven" constitutive parameters. Finally, we show how our method can be used to study spatial dispersion by studying constitutive parameters for small k.
The interactive effects of sales control systems on salesperson performance: a job demands-resources perspective

Sales control systems represent an important managerial tool in directing the sales force for desired organizational objectives. However, the majority of prior sales control research has focused only on the main effects of sales control systems without explicitly considering their interactive effects and associated intervening mechanisms. Drawing on job demands–resources theory, the authors theorize differential interactive effects of outcome control, activity control, and capability control on job engagement (i.e., adaptive selling behavior and selling effort) and job stress (i.e., role ambiguity and role conflict), which subsequently affect salesperson performance. Empirical results using a sample of industrial salespeople find that (1) outcome control and capability control have positive interactive effects on adaptive selling behavior and selling effort while suppressing role conflict, (2) activity control and capability control have a negative interactive effect on role ambiguity, and (3) outcome control and activity control have a positive interactive effect on selling effort but negative interactive effects on adaptive selling behavior and role clarity. These results indicate that sales control researchers can benefit from considering the complex interactive effects of various control styles as well as the intervening processes, which provide a more refined understanding of this important managerial tool.
Finite strain analysis by a stress-function method

A finite element method for finite inelastic strain analysis of solids and structures is described. The method, which is based on a direct discretization of the equations of compatibility and angular momentum balance, represents a generalization of the mixed ‘stress function approach’ proposed for linear elasticity by de Veubeke (1975). It captures the main advantages of hybrid-stress, direct stiffness, and reduced integration finite element methods while avoiding their principal drawbacks. Examples are included which demonstrate important features of the method.
The impact of luteal phase inadequacy in an infertile population

Summary A retrospective analysis of patients evaluated and treated for infertility was performed. Luteal phase inadequacy was diagnosed when the late luteal endometrial biopsy pattern was greater than 2 days out of phase in two cycles; in patients treated with clomiphene citrate therapy was changed if one biopsy was out of phase. One hundred ninety-seven patients underwent 242 biopsies. Among 137 women not treated with clomiphene citrate, 24 (17.5%) had out-of-phase biopsy specimens; 7 of 24 (29.2%) repeat biopsies were out of phase, with luteal phase inadequacy in 7 of 137 (5.1%) women. The probability of an out-of-phase biopsy occurring by chance alone was 4.2 of 137 or 3.1%. No woman was diagnosed to have luteal phase inadequacy as the single infertility factor. Fifty-three pregnancies (41%) occurred in 130 women without luteal phase inadequacy and in 2 of 7 (28.6%) diagnosed to have luteal phase inadequacy with other infertility factors. In clomiphene citrate-treated patients, pregnancy occurred in 15 of 26 (57.7%) with corrected luteal phase inadequacy and in 21 of 34 (61.8%) without luteal phase inadequacy. In this population the diagnosis of luteal phase inadequacy was not made more frequently than by chance alone. Moreover, fecundity in patients with treated luteal phase inadequacy is comparable to that in patients without this diagnosis. (Am J Obstet Gynecol1990;162:937-45.)
Neutron-Imaging Technique for Monitoring High-Temperature Plasma Dynamics

A preliminary design for the adaptation of a pinhole experiment (PINEX) technique to the monitoring of the dynamics of high-temperature plasmas is described. Specifically, this imaging technique uses a thick aperture, an efficient radiation converter, and highly intensified television cameras to provide real-time viewing of radiation sources, such as the neutron emissions from d-d and d-t fusion reactions in controlled thermonuclear research devices. The neutron emission strengths,R ∼ 51015 n/sec, recently achieved at the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) and the Joint European Torus (JET) should be sufficient for 3 to 6-cm spatial resolution and 10 to 100-msec time resolution using such a system. Such information should be useful for on-line optimization of the plasma and for quantitative evaluation of its performance.
SYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDOBLAMIC ACID AND EPIPYRIMIDOBLAMIC ACID

The N-protected pyrimidine moieties of bleomycin (pyrimidoblamic acid, 1) and epibleomycin are reported. In addition to a complete description of a synthetic route outlined earlier a new route is also presented that provides access to multigram quantities of pyrimidoblamic acid. Because bleomycin and epibleomycin, which differ only in the orientation of the propionamide substituent, differ significantly in their Cu(II) chelation and DNA cleavage properties, we also prepared an analogue of pyrimidoblamic acid lacking the propionamide moiety
Brain changes in newborns, infants and children with congenital heart disease in association with cardiac surgery. Additional observations.

The histopathologic pattern in the Central Nervous System in 12 out of 21 new-borns and young infants, below 2 months of age, operated for various congenital heart defects, is that of recent necroses in the deep and subcortical white matter of the pallium, seen from a few hours to 8 days following completion of surgery. Type and location of these lesions of ischemic coagulative necrosis, resembling findings in the perinatal respiratory distress syndrome, seem to depend on shock-like states, the low output syndrome of the left heart with hypovolemia and hypotension. The cause of death in all these infants was cardio-respiratory failure. The question to what extent glial scars replacing necroses within the mostly nonmyelinated fiber systems of the pallium will lead to defective maturation of the brain in later infancy and childhood remains a challenge for neurologic and psychological investigation, even if the heart defect has been successfully repaired by the surgeon. Post-mortem data of the CNS in 24 older infants and children below 9 years of age in association with cardia surgery include thrombembolic infarctions, also, after catheterization alone, diffuse or segmental cortical necroses, and cortical scars, especially in children older than 1 year, confirming data recently reported from this laboratory.
Coating alumina on catalytic iron oxide nanoparticles for synthesizing vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays.

To synthesize long and uniform vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays, it is essential to use catalytic nanoparticles (NPs) with monodisperse sizes and to avoid NP agglomeration at the growth temperature. In this work, VACNT arrays were grown on chemically synthesized Fe3O4 NPs of diameter 6 nm by chemical vapor deposition. Coating the NPs with a thin layer of Al2O3 prior to CNT growth preserves the monodisperse sizes, resulting in uniform, thick and dense VACNT arrays. Comparison with uncoated NPs shows that the Al2O3 coating effectively prevents the catalyst NPs from sintering and coalescing, resulting in improved control over VACNT growth.
An effective pseudo-rigid-body method for beam-based compliant mechanisms

Abstract Beam-based compliant mechanisms have been widely used in many precision applications due to their large-displacement characteristic. Meanwhile, a simple and accurate analytical tool is no doubt useful to assist design and optimize these mechanisms. The pseudo-rigid-body (PRB) model is such a good alternative. The PRB model in a traditional sense, however, is too approximate to calculate some precise characteristics such as center-shift of a flexural joint. In this paper, a new method is proposed to easily establish simple and accurate PRB models for a variety of beam-based compliant mechanisms. As is well known, for most of the beam-based compliant mechanisms, there is usually an instantaneous center of rotation (ICR) on each beam, and the beam can be considered as a fixed-guided beam with one end fixed while the other end moves along a certain curve that usually is an approximate arc around the ICR. In this case, the behavior of beams can be imitated by a rigid bar with two pin-joints. One of the pin-joints is directly added at the end of the rigid bar. The position of the other is determined by the characteristic radius factor, and a torsional spring is added at the position to represent the beam's stiffness. The modeling method is used to analyze two commonly used beam-based compliant mechanisms as examples, i.e. a parallel linear spring stage and a cross strip pivot. The performances of precision, stiffness and stroke for the two mechanisms are investigated, and the method is validated by comparing the results with other research work presented in the literatures. Both cases show the method is intuitive and accurate, and it will be useful in the early phases of the design for beam-based compliant mechanisms.
Inhibition of an in vitro antibody response by a suppressor cell in normal bone marrow.

Abstract Murine bone marrow cells can suppress the in vitro primary antibody response of normal spleen cells without apparent cytotoxicity. The bone marrow cells suppress the response to both T-dependent (SRBC) and T-independent (DNP-Ficoll) antigens. When bone marrow cells are fractionated on a sucrose density gradient, the suppressive activity is found in the residue rather than the lymphocyte fraction. The suppressive activity is either unaffected or enhanced by treatment with anti-T- and anti-B-cell serums. Pretreatment of mice with phenylhydrazine which reduces the number of pre-B cells did not reduce the suppressive activity of their bone marrow cells. Suppressive activity is abolished by irradiation of the marrow cells in vitro with 1000 R prior to assay. The activity is present in the marrow of thymus deficient (nude) mice, infant mice, and mice which have been made polycythemic by transfusion. Furthermore, the suppressor cell can phagocytize iron carbonyl particles, is slightly adherent to plastic and Sephadex G-10, and can bind to EA monolayers. We conclude that the suppressor cell is not a mature lymphocyte or granulocyte nor a member of the erythrocytic series, but is likely to be an immature cell possibly of the myeloid series. We speculate on the physiologic role of this cell.
Prognostic factors in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

58 patients under the age of 14 years with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were managed from 1971 to 1985. We analysed their overall survival from diagnosis to assess the prognostic significance of clinical and laboratory features presentatdiagnosis. Factors which were statistically significant included white blood count, platelet count, palpable lymph node enlargement, mediastinal widening on chest x-ray and palpable splenic enlargement The purpose of this study was to identify that subset of patients which might have benefitted from more intensive treatment.
Sensitivity of climate change mitigation estimates to assumptions about technical change

With greater certainty in anthropogenic influence on observed changes in climate there is increasing pressure for agreements to control emissions of greenhouse gases (Houghton et al., 1996). While it is difficult to assess the appropriate level of mitigation, it has been argued that flexibility in meeting emission targets offers significant economic savings. Such flexibility can be exercised in terms of timing of mitigation (i.e. delay) or geographic location of the intervention (e.g. permit trading and Joint-Implementation). Much of this insight is based on standard models of technical change in energy supply and demand. However, standard model formulations rarely consider: (i) a link between the pattern of technical change and policy interventions; (ii) economies of learning; and (iii) technical progress in discovery and recovery of oil and gas. While there is evidence to support the importance of these factors in historic patterns of technical progress, the data necessary to calibrate internally consistent economic models of these phenomena have not been available. In this paper simple representations of endogenous and induced technical change have been used to explore the sensitivity of mitigation cost estimates to how technical change is represented in energy economics models. The scenarios involve control of CO2 emissions to limit its concentration to no more than 550 ppm(v), starting in the year 2000, and delayed to 2025. This sensitivity analysis has revealed four robust insights: (i) If endogenous technical change is assumed, expected business as usual emissions are higher than otherwise estimated — nevertheless, while 25% greater CO2 control is required for meeting the CO2 concentration target, the cost of mitigation is 40% lower; (ii) If technical progress in oil and gas discovery and recovery is assumed, energy use and CO2 emissions increase by 75% and 65%, respectively above the standard estimates; (iii) If the economies of learning exhibited in various manufacturing sectors are repeated in development of non-fossil technologies and abatement of CO2 emissions, the costs of abatement can be 50% lower than those assessed using standard models; and (iv) In this sequential learning framework, delay in abatement towards a 550 ppm(v) CO2 concentration target leads to expected net economic loss in seven of nine model structures studied. Only when the model structure permits new oil and gas discoveries while keeping other features of standard models does delay offer economic gain with greater than 60% confidence.
First-principles study of phase stability of Gd-doped EuO and EuS

TheoxidesystemhasawidemiscibilitygapontheGd-richsidebutformsorderedcompoundsontheEu-richside, exhibiting a deep asymmetric convex hull in the formation enthalpy diagram. The sulfide system has no stable compounds. The large difference in the formation enthalpies of the oxide and sulfide compounds is attributed to the contribution of local lattice relaxation, which is sensitive to the anion size. The solubility of Gd in both EuO and EuS is in the range of 10%‐20% at room temperature and quickly increases at higher temperatures, indicating that highly doped disordered solid solutions can be produced without the precipitation of secondary phases. We also predict that rocksalt GdO can be stabilized under appropriate experimental conditions.
Prediction of understory vegetation cover with airborne lidar in an interior ponderosa pine forest

Abstract Forest understory communities are important components in forest ecosystems providing wildlife habitat and influencing nutrient cycling, fuel loadings, fire behavior and tree species composition over time. One of the most widely utilized understory component metrics is understory vegetation cover, often used as a measure of vegetation abundance. To date, understory vegetation cover estimation and prediction has proven to be inherently difficult using traditional explanatory variables such as: leaf area index, basal area, slope, and aspect. We introduce airborne lidar-derived metrics into the modeling framework for understory vegetation cover. A new airborne lidar metric, understory lidar cover density, created by filtering understory lidar points using intensity values increased traditional explanatory power from non-lidar understory vegetation cover estimation models (non-lidar R 2 -values: 0.2–0.45 vs. lidar R 2 -values: 0.7–0.8). Beta regression, a relatively new modeling technique for this type of data, was compared with a traditional weighted linear regression model using a leave-one-out cross‐validation procedure. Both models provided similar understory vegetation cover accuracies (± 22%) and biases (~ 0%) using 40.5 m 2 circular plots (n = 154). The method presented in this paper provides the ability to accurately obtain census understory vegetation cover information at fine spatial resolutions over a broad range of stand conditions for the interior ponderosa pine forest type. Additional model enhancement and the extension of the method into other forest types warrant further investigation.
“Electric Taste” after Section of the Chorda Tympani

“ELECTRIC taste” is the sensation elicited on stimulating certain parts of the tongue with a.c. or d.c. current1. A sour or metallic taste, experienced with anodal stimulation of the anterior tongue, is mediated in part by the chordy tympani nerve2. When the chorda is cut, as frequentla necessary in middle ear surgery, the resulting ageusia of the ipsilateral anterior tongue is associated with loss of “electric taste” in the range of current densities usually employed3,4. With a somewhat smaller electrode which delivered higher current density with better localization than in previous studies3,4, testing individual patients on several occasions, we found that the threshold for “electric taste” did not immediately reach the values seen long after surgery. Instead, it rose slowly over a period of weeks. The term “electric taste” is used advisedly: the response to anodal stimulation on the operated side was described by some patients as “stinging” or “pricking”, by others as distinctly “acid” or similar to the normal side.
On the conjugacy of element-conjugate homomorphisms

A groupG isacceptable if a homomorphism ϕ from a finite group Γ toG is determined up to conjugation by the conjugacy classes of the elements ϕ(γ). Some progress is made toward classifying acceptable Lie groups.
Kinetics of Absorbed Chromophore Exchange on Metal Oxide Electrodes

Exchange experiments utilizing Ru(bpy)2(4,4‘-(CO2H)2bpy)2+ and Os(bpy)2(4,4‘-(CO2H)2bpy)2+ (4,4‘-(CO2H)2bpy is 4,4‘-dicarboxy-2,2‘-bipyridine) provide evidence for a distribution of binding sites on ITO electrodes by electrochemical monitoring and on optically transparent, nanoparticle TiO2 films by optical monitoring. Using the Albery model of dispersed kinetics for the analysis of exchange, the results are consistent with dissociative loss from the surface with k1 = 0.1 s-1 for the dissociative step in CH3CN on ITO. Equilibrium binding data after exchange suggest that a site or distribution of sites is also present that undergoes exchange on a very slow time scale. Complete exchange takes place in EtOH, and the rate is greatly enhanced compared to that in CH3CN, suggesting that EtOH labilizes the surface to exchange. On TiO2 the time scale for exchange is far longer than that on ITO, and in CH3CN it scales with film thickness.
A topographic measurement of brain pH

Abstract The ability of neutral red to serve as an internal pH indicator in biological systems was tested in the rat brain after parenteral administration of the dye. The injected dye is avidly taken up by the brain cells and is distributed mainly in intracellular organelles. The ratio of optical signals recorded from the frozen brain at 445 and 530 nm and compared with calibration curves provides pH values. Color transition of neutral red ranges from 6.0 to 8.0 pH units. Topographic application of this method is particulary useful in studying local pH changes in brains with developing ischemic foci.
Near room temperature magnetocaloric properties of melt-spun Gd100-xBx (x=0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 at%) alloys

Abstract The magnetocaloric properties of melt-spun Gd–B alloys were examined with the aim to explore their potential application as magnetic refrigerants near room temperature. A series of Gd 100− x B x ( x =0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 at%) alloys were prepared by melt spinning. With the decrease in Gd/B ratio, Curie temperature ( T C ) remains constant at ∼293 K, and saturation magnetization, at 275 K, decreases from ∼100 to ∼78 emu/g. Negligible magnetic hysteresis was observed in these alloys. The peak value of magnetic entropy change, (−Δ S M ) max , decreased from ∼9.9 J/kg K (0–5 T) and ∼5.5 J/kg K (0–2 T) for melt-spun Gd to ∼7.7 J/kg K (0–5 T) and ∼4.0 J/kg K (0–2 T), respectively for melt-spun Gd 85 B 15 and Gd 80 B 20 alloys. Similarly, the refrigeration capacity ( q ) decreased monotonously from ∼430 J/kg (0–5 T) for melt-spun Gd to ∼330 J/kg (0–5 T) for melt-spun Gd 80 B 20 alloy. The near room temperature magnetocaloric properties of melt-spun Gd 100− x B x (0≤ x ≤20) alloys were found to be comparable to few first-order transition based magnetic refrigerants.
Effects of fatty acids on vitamin A esters in isopropanol solutions.

Vitamin A ester degradation was studied in isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and water, cyclohexane, and in these solvents containing members of the acetic acid series of fatty acids. The results indicate that ( a ) the principal methods of degradation are oxidation and elimination in hydroxylated solvents, ( b ) water increases the rates of elimination, ( c ) fatty acids decrease the rates of elimination, and ( d ) oxidation is the main route of decomposition in hydrocarbon solvents. The stabilizing mechanism of the fatty acids was studied by examining the effects of fatty acids, water, and isopropyl alcohol on anhydrovitamin A.
Infrared spectra, vibrational assignment, and ab initio calculations for N-bromo-hexafluoro-2-propanimine.

Abstract The infrared spectra of gaseous and solid N-bromo-hexafluoro-2-propanimine, (CF3)2C NBr, have been obtained from 2000 to 50 cm−1. The vibrational assignment for the normal modes is proposed based on infrared band contours, group frequencies and normal coordinate calculations utilizing Cs symmetry. The structural parameters have been obtained from ab initio MP2(full)/6-311 + G(d,p) calculations employing the Gaussian-03 program. Additionally, the frequencies and potential energy distributions for the normal modes have been calculated with the MP2(full)/6-31G(d). All of these results are compared to the corresponding data for some similar molecules.
Molecular mechanisms of dendrite morphogenesis.

Dendrites are key integrators of synaptic information in neurons and play vital roles in neuronal plasticity. Hence, it is necessary that dendrite arborization is precisely controlled and coordinated with synaptic activity to ensure appropriate functional neural network integrity. In the past several years, it has become increasingly clear that several cell intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms contribute to dendritic arborization. In this review, we will discuss some of the molecular mechanisms that regulate dendrite morphogenesis, particularly in cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons and some of the implications of abberant dendritic morphology for human disease. Finally, we will discuss the current challenges and future directions in the field.
The effect of sediment on mountain river erosion

[1] Mountain uplift and subsequent water-powered erosion are powerful and persistent processes shaping the landscape, and understanding the interactions between these two processes has been an area of active research for the past 2 decades. The rate of river erosion has long been considered to scale with stream power, the potential energy dissipated by water as it flows downhill. While widely used, this model has been tested in only a limited number of situations, sometimes with little success. The stream power model, in which erosion rates scale with the area of the upstream drainage basin and the slope of the stream, makes no account for the amount of sediment in the river. Sediment can increase erosion when the overall sediment levels are low or prevent it when the sediment load is high, and the sediment can form an armor-like cover on the riverbed. (Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface, doi:10.1029/2009JF001655, 2011)
A Tricotomic Examination of the Planning School Learning School, and Positioning School Relative to Achieving Optimal Financial Performance in Discontinuous Environmental Turbulence Levels

We present a synthesis of the general methodologies of the Planning School, Learning School, and the Positioning School of strategic formulation which are the most commonly used by academia, research and industry strategic planning. We review the literature from each discipline on these concepts and propose that the cognitive and calculative capabilities intrinsic to the Ansoffian Planning School is the most effective when planning and formulating strategy to achieve optimal financial performance with firms competing in discontinuous levels of environmental turbulence.
EFFECT OF SALT, PHOSPHATES AND OTHER CURING INGREDIENTS ON SHRINKAGE OF LEAN PORK MEAT AND THE QUALITY OF SMOKED PROCESSED HAM

Whole, lean hams were ground and thoroughly mixed with curing ingredients, NaNO2 (150 ppm), NaNO3 (600 ppm), sodium ascorbate (275 ppm) and sodium erythorbate (275 ppm); sodium chloride (l-10%) and -sodium tripolyphosphate (0.15-.9%) or equivalent amounts of sodium pyrophosphate. The meat with the additives was analyzed for meat shrinkage using the centrifugal tube method. It was shown that: (a) the curing ingredients NaNO2 NaNO3 sodium ascorbate and sodium erythorbate have little effect on meat shrinkage; (b) addition of 1 - 3% salt reduced the meat shrink from 34 to 14%, followed by a plateau at 3-5% salt additions and a continuous increase of the meat shrink with the increase of the salt addition from 5 to 10%; (c) addition of 0.3% TPP with 3-S% salt decreased the meat shrink to 5%; (d) the equivalent addition of PP (0.217%) was equally effective; and (e) no significant effect on the meat shrink was observed by increasing the TPP addition above 0.3%. Cut-and-formed smoked, cured ham containing 3% salt, 0.3% TPP (or 0.217% PP) and the other curing ingredients was as acceptable as the ham with 0.5% TPP (or 0.362% PP). The product with 0.3% TPP had equally good color, flavor and texture and was as resistant to rancidity development (TBA-values) during refrigerated storage as the product with 0.5% TPP. Therefore, based on these data, the presently allowed use by USDA of 0.5% TPP in cure hams can be reduced to a maximum allowance of 0.3%.
Pump Controlled Active Roll Stabilizer

The roll tendency of a vehicle can be significantly reduced if the stabilizer bar stiffness is actively controlled. Present electro-hydraulic solutions for vehicle active roll stabilization (ARS) use valve controlled actuators. An energy efficient pump controlled actuator concept for ARS is the focus of this research. This paper develops a non-linear model for the system and shows that the pump dynamics are sufficient for this actuator application. A simple control structure is developed from the linearized system model and the energy consumption of the system is determined for a realistic vehicle maneuver.
Effectiveness of IT-based Course Material: A Case Study in Publishing and Using a Digital Textbook for Construction Surveying

ABSTRACT Textbooks are an important part of education. The advancement of information technology is offering creative ways to change reference material and teaching methods to respond to the cultural shifts in the attention traits of today's students. Digital textbooks can be excellent teaching tools, particularly in curricula of applied fields such as construction management. They are capable of storing and presenting large amounts of high quality data in a variety of formats. This paper presents a case study in which the author of this manuscript authored and produced a digital textbook for use in a construction surveying class. Data reflecting course results was collected from 90 students who utilized the digital text and compared to data recorded previously from 92 students in the same course one year earlier who used a traditional printed textbook. Results were compelling in that the digital text was very effective and offered students value with respect to content and cost.
Whither National Urban Policy in Developing Countries

Most attempts to implement national urban policies in developing countries have failed. The causes of failure have been many (infeasible goals, poor implementation, poorly designed policies) but th...
Expression of multidrug resistance-1 protein inversely correlates with paclitaxel response and survival in ovarian cancer patients: a study in serial samples.

Abstract Objective . The role of MDR1 in clinical paclitaxel resistance remains poorly characterized. This study sought to identify the incidence and significance of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) over-expression on survival, tumor response to paclitaxel and the effect of prior cytotoxic exposure on P-gp expression in patients with paired primary and recurrent ovarian cancer samples. Methods . Retrospective survival analysis. P-gp expression was evaluated immunohistochemically with antibodies c494 and c219. Results . Thirty-two patients were identified from the tumor registry. Median interval between primary and secondary surgery was 17.9 (5.7–40.9) months. Only five primary tumors (16%) demonstrated +++ staining for P-gp. First-line treatment contained paclitaxel in 17 patients (53%) and 26 patients (81%) had been exposed to P-gp exportable chemotherapy before second surgery. Only seven of the recurrent tumors (22%) were +++. Only one of seven (14% (95% CI 0–46%)) recurrent tumors with ++ or +++ staining responded to subsequent paclitaxel, while 8 of 10 (80% (CI 46–100%)) recurrent tumors with 0/+ staining responded ( P = 0.025). In multivariate analysis of outcome following second surgery, response to paclitaxel ( P = 0.004) and P-gp over-expression ( P Conclusions . De novo strong P-gp over-expression is uncommon, appears to change little over time or with prior exposure to chemotherapy. However, P-gp over-expression is a significant prognostic factor, and at the time of disease, relapse is inversely correlated with tumor response to paclitaxel.
Biosynthesis of lupanine from lysine and other labeled compounds.

Abstract The biosynthesis of lupanine in Lupinus angustifolius has been studied by feeding lysine, ζ-aminovaleric acid, pipecolic acid, ornithine and formic acid specifically labeled with C14. Lysine-2-C14, of all of these possible precursors, supplied the greatest quantity of C14 to lupanine.
Multi-band OFDM-based UWB system with multiple users and interference mitigation

In this paper we present a multiuser multiband OFDM-based UWB system with interference mitigation capabilities. The proposed system combines the single band interference suppressing (IS) OFDM UWB system with time-frequency (TF) interleaving to enable symbol transmission in multiple bands along with multiaccess capabilities. Bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed system is illustrated with numerical results obtained from simulations for various scenarios that include multiple users and narrowband interference.
Social Epistemology: Theory and Applications

Epistemology has had a strongly individualist orientation, at least since Descartes. Knowledge, for Descartes, starts with the fact of one’s own thinking and with oneself as subject of that thinking. Whatever else can be known, it must be known by inference from one’s own mental contents. Achieving such knowledge is an individual, rather than a collective, enterprise. Descartes’s successors largely followed this lead, so the history of epistemology, down to our own time, has been a predominantly individualist affair. There are scattered exceptions. A handful of historical epistemologists gave brief space to the question of knowing, or believing justifiably, based on the testimony of others. Testimony-based knowledge would be one step into a more social epistemology. Hume took it for granted that we regularly rely on the factual statements of others, and argued that it is reasonable to do so if we have adequate reasons for trusting the veracity of these sources. However, reasons for such trust, according to Hume, must rest on personal observations of people’s veracity or reliability. 1 Thomas Reid took a different view. He claimed that our natural attitude of trusting others is reasonable even if we know little if anything about others’ reliability. Testimony, at least sincere testimony, is always prima facie credible (Reid, 1970: 240 –241). Here we have two philosophers of the 18 th century both endorsing at least one element of what nowadays is called “social epistemology.” But these points did not much occupy either Hume’s or Reid’s corpus of philosophical writing; nor were 1 Hume wrote: “[T]here is no species of reasoning more common, more useful, and even necessary to human life, than that which is derived from the testimony of men, and the reports of eye-witnesses and spectators ... [O]ur assurance in any argument of this kind is derived from no other principle than our observation of the veracity of human testimony, and of the usual conformity of facts to the reports of witnesses.” (Hume 1972: 11)
Aggressive and Nonaggressive Young Adolescents’ Attributions of Intent in Teacher/Student Interactions

Young adolescents classified by teacher report as nonaggressive or aggressive were administered the Attributions Questionnaire, which consisted of 12 hypothetical teacher/student interactions depicting positive, negative, or ambiguous teacher intentions. Variables measured were (a) type of intent attributed to the teacher (i.e., hostile, benign), (b) degree of hostile and benign intent, (c) degree of anger felt, and (d) assignment of blame for negative outcomes. When the teachers’ intentions were ambiguous, aggressive adolescents were more likely than nonaggressive adolescents to attribute hostile intentions to the teachers, and they attributed a higher level of hostile intent, were more likely to blame teachers for the outcome, and reported higher levels of anger. A similar pattern of group differences emerged for situations in which the teachers’ intentions clearly were negative. However, when the teachers’ intentions were benevolent, aggressive youth responded in a manner similar to nonaggressive adole...
Covalently Bridging Gaps in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Conducting Molecules

Molecular electronics is often limited by the poorly defined nature of the contact between the molecules and the metal surface. We describe a method to wire molecules into gaps in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Precise oxidative cutting of a SWNT produces carboxylic acid-terminated electrodes separated by gaps of </=10 nanometers. These point contacts react with molecules derivatized with amines to form molecular bridges held in place by amide linkages. These chemical contacts are robust and allow a wide variety of molecules to be tested electrically. In addition to testing molecular wires, we show how to install functionality in the molecular backbone that allows the conductance of the single-molecule bridges to switch with pH.
Neural Network Gait Classification for On-Body Inertial Sensors

Clinicians have determined that continuous ambulatory monitoring provides significant preventative and diagnostic benefit, especially to the aged population. In this paper we describe gait classification techniques based on data obtained using a new body area sensor network platform named TEMPO 3. The platform and its supporting infrastructure enable six-degrees-of-freedom inertial sensing, signal processing, and wireless transmission. The proposed signal processing includes data normalization to improve robustness, feature extraction optimized for classification, and wavelet pre-processing. The effectiveness of the platform is validated by implementing a binary classifier between shuffle and normal gait. Artificial neural networks and classifiers based on the Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller were tested and yielded classification accuracies (68%-98%) comparable to previous efforts that required more restrictive or intrusive apparatus. These results suggest a viable path to resource-constrained, on-body gait classification.
On the small sample distribution and power of the log likelihood ratio and variance tests for the poisson

The variance test and log likelihood ratio test are both well known in examining a series of n discrete observations for agreement with an assumed common Poisson distribution. This paper compares the tests in small samples with the corresponding x 2 significance levels, and also the small sample power under several Poisson-type alternatives.
Using M&S to maximize space satellite data collection with multiple ground stations

Abstract With the continued operations of FalconSAT-3 well beyond its design life, an opportunity exists to utilize multiple ground stations beyond the original site at the US Air Force Academy (USAFA) to enhance individual training missions at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), United States Military Academy (USMA), and the Undergraduate Space Training (UST) course at Vandenberg Air Force Base. Using multiple ground stations can enhance FalconSAT-3 experiments beyond the original design. However, with multiple ground stations coordination needs to increase. The problem of distributed files becomes an issue, and all files need to be compiled to maximize experiment analysis. A discrete event simulation of the file distribution was calculated to show how the files are spread across the ground stations. The characteristics of each ground station and available crew rates at the respective stations contribute to the overall ability to download (or miss the opportunity to download) files. The simulation shows the capability of each site to download files and which sites’ missed opportunities for file download were caused by crew availability. Implications of downloaded files and missed opportunities can affect the design of the distributed network of ground stations to support FalconSAT-3.
Schelling, Hegel, and Evolutionary Progress

This article presents Schelling's claim that nature has an evolutionary process and Hegel's response that nature is the development of the concept. It then examines whether evolution is progressive. This article argues that, insofar as a notion of progress is conceptually ineliminatable from evolutionary biology or required to articulate the shape of life's history, progress should be viewed as constitutive.
Identification of in vitro metabolites of JWH-015, an aminoalkylindole agonist for the peripheral cannabinoid receptor (CB2) by HPLC-MS/MS

The in vitro microsomal metabolism of JWH-015, a ligand that exhibits a high binding affinity at the peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB2, has been studied. A total of 22 metabolites were identified and structurally characterized. The metabolites are products of: 1) monohydroxylation on the naphthalene ring (m/z 344, M20 and M21), indole ring (m/z 344, M17 and M18), or the N-alkyl group (m/z 344, M14); 2) arene oxidation leading to dihydrodiols (m/z 362, M12 and M15); 3) dihydroxylation on the naphthalene ring (m/z 360, M7) or indole ring (m/z 360, M13), resulting from a combination of monohydroxylations on both the naphthalene and indole rings (m/z 360, M16), or a combination of monohydroxylations on the naphthalene ring and on the N-propyl group (m/z 360, M9); 4) trihydroxylation (m/z 378, M1, M3, M4, M6, and M10); 5) N-dealkylation (m/z 286, M19); 6) N-dealkylation and monohydroxylation on the naphthalene ring (m/z 302, M11); 7) N-dealkylation and dihydrodiol formation from arene oxidation (m/z 320, M2 and M5); 8) dehydrogenation after monohydroxylation on the N-alkyl group (m/z 326, M22); 9) dehydrogenation and monohydroxylation on the indole ring (m/z 342, M8).