cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of a ∑ = 5 Aluminum Bicrystal

A constant pressure molecular-dynamics technique is used to simulate aluminum bicrystals. The ion-ion pair potential is obtained from second order pseudopotential theory and is explicitly electron density dependent. The total cohesive energy of a metal also includes a structurally independent term which is electron density dependent. The density dependence of the total cohesive energy is carried through in the lagrangian equations of motion, so the dynamics of the simulation explicitly contains global density dependence. The simulation is at constant pressure and temperature. Temperatures up to the bulk melting point are explored in a ∑=5 symmetric tilt aluminum bicrystal.
An Investigation of Factors Effecting Coating Structure

The properties of coatings have been studied on a theoretical level using model systems of spherical polymeric pigments applied to a mylar substrate. Using binderless coatings, the expected void filling, gloss and light scattering relationships to particle size and polydispersity were observed. The addition of binders to the coatings yields results which depart from those expected and observed without binders. These results have led to two seemingly opposed views that the binder either coats the pigment and causes expansion of the structure or fills the voids without greatly effecting the pigment structure. Pigment blends were selected which were expected to show a difference between the two conflicting theories, and starch and latex binders added. The data obtained failed to favor one theory over the other, indicating that both are probably operative. Greater decreases in gloss were observed with the polymeric pigments, probably due to an undesirable interaction between the pigments and binders causing agglomeration of the coating materials and severe disruption of the coated surface. The data obtained is reviewed in light of the “real world” behavior of paper coatings to examine reasons why the theoretical contributions of pigments and binders are not often observed.
Acid-base characteristics of steady-state exercise in rats adapted to simulated altitude.

Acclimation to altitude hypoxia results in adaptive changes which ultimately lead to an improvement in tissue oxygen delivery (for review, see Bouverot, 1985). Some of these adaptations produce changes in systems not directly related to oxygen transport. An example of this are the changes in the acid-base balance that follow prolonged exposure to altitude. The hyperventilation leads to hypocapnia and extra- and intracellular bicarbonate depletion (Freeman and Fenn, 1953, Olson and Dempsey, 1979, Bouverot, 1985, Gonzalez and Clancy, 1986 a,b) which tends to lower the buffer value of extra- and intracellular fluids. On the other hand, the increased hemoglobin concentration associated with hypoxia results in an increase in the non-bicarbonate buffer value of blood (Gonzalez and Clancy, 1986a). These features, coupled with differences in the rate of renal excretion of acid-base equivalents (Widener et al., 1986), modify the responses of hypoxia-adapted animals to challenges in the acid-base balance.
One-pot bioconversion of algae biomass into terpenes for advanced biofuels and bioproducts

Abstract Under robust algae growth conditions, algal carbohydrates and proteins typically comprise up to ~ 80% of the ash-free dry weight of microalgae biomass. Therefore, production of algal biofuel through comprehensive utilization of all algal components and the addition of high energy density fuel compounds with “fit for purpose” properties or high-value bioproducts will both diminish the process cost and improve the overall process feasibility. In this study, we firstly demonstrated the concept of a “one-pot” bioconversion of algal carbohydrate and protein into value-added terpene compounds as advanced biofuel and high value bioproducts to improve the overall process feasibility through the development of engineered microbial consortium. The consortium for caryophyllene production yielded the highest titer of total terpene, up to 507.4 mg/L, including 471 mg/L of sesquiterpene, 36.4 mg/L of monoterpene, and 124.4 mg/L of caryophyllene on algal hydrolysate from Nannochloropsis sp. Additionally, the consortium expressing chamigrene synthase produced 187 mg/L total terpene including 87 mg/L of monoterpene, 100 mg/L of sesquiterpene, and 62 mg/L chamigrene on hydrolysate from benthic polyculture biomass. Compared to the yields of terpene extracted from plant tissue, both consortia increased the terpene yield about 3–40 times, which makes it a promising alternative pathway for terpene production.
The two-way flow of news: A comparative study of American and Chinese newspaper coverage of Beijing’s air pollution:

This study compares newspaper coverage of Beijing’s air pollution in China and the United States (2008–2013). There are two aims: (a) to systematically compare how such a local environmental crisis...
Comparison of wheat gluten and spray-dried animal plasma in diets for nursery pigs

Five experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different wheat gluten (WG) sources (Source 1 = enzymatically hydrolyzed, Source 2 = nonmodified ring-dried, Source 3 = spray-dried, and Source 4 = flash-dried) on growth performance of nursery pigs compared with soybean meal (SBM), spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP), or other specialty protein sources. In Exp. 1, pigs (n = 220, initially 6.1 +/- 2.5 kg) were fed a control diet containing (as-fed basis) 6% SDAP or WG Source 1 or 2. The WG and l-lysine*HCl replaced 50 or 100% of the SDAP. From d 0 to 21, increasing WG (either source) decreased ADG and ADFI (linear, P < 0.01), but improved (linear, P < 0.02) G:F. In Exp. 2, pigs (n = 252, initially 6.2 +/- 3.0 kg) were fed a negative control diet containing no SDAP or WG, diets containing (as-fed basis) 9% WG Source 1 or 5% SDAP, or combinations of WG and SDAP where WG and l-lysine*HCl replaced 25, 50, or 75% of SDAP. From d 0 to 14, pigs fed increasing WG had decreased ADG (linear, P < 0.05). In Exp. 3, pigs (n = 240, initially 7.0 +/- 2.5 kg) were fed a negative control diet, a diet containing (as-fed basis) either 3, 6, 9, or 12% WG Source 3, or a positive control diet containing 5% SDAP. The diets containing 9% WG and 5% SDAP had the same amount of SBM. From d 0 to 7, pigs fed 5% SDAP had greater (P < 0.04) ADG than pigs fed the diet containing 9% WG. From d 0 to 14, increasing WG had no effect on ADG, ADFI, or G:F. In Exp. 4, pigs (n = 200, initially 6.0 +/- 2.4 kg) were fed a negative control diet, the control diet with (as-fed basis) 4.5 or 9.0% WG Source 1, or the control diet with 2.5 or 5.0% SDAP. Diets containing WG and SDAP had similar SBM levels. From d 0 to 7 and 0 to 14, increasing SDAP tended to improve (linear, P < 0.06) ADG, but increasing WG had no effect. In Exp. 5, 170 barrows and gilts (initially 7.5 +/- 2.8 kg) were used to determine the effects of WG Source 1 and 4 compared with select Menhaden fish meal or spray-dried blood cells and a negative control diet (SBM) on the growth performance of nursery pigs from d 5 to 26 postweaning (d 0 to 21 of experiment). No differences were found in ADG or G:F, but pigs fed the diet containing (as-fed basis) 2.5% spray-dried blood cells had greater ADFI than pigs fed the negative control from d 0 to 21. Wheat gluten source had no effect on ADG, ADFI, or G:F. The results of these studies suggest that increasing WG in diets fed immediately after weaning did not improve growth performance relative to SBM or SDAP.
How I Perform ALA-Photodynamic Therapy in My Practice

ALA-PDT is a safe and efficacious therapy for the treatment and rejuvenation of sun-damaged skin, AKs and actinic porokeratoses, and acne. Clearance rates are typically very high with only several treatments. ALA-PDT does not require prolonged application and contact time compared with chemotherapeutic agents, resulting in reduced adverse events. Further, compared with other topical or systemic therapies, ALA-PDT is cost effective when applied to multiple lesions or broad areas. There may be some disadvantages associated with ALA-PDT including the downtime involved due to sun avoidance following a treatment, and the small-to-moderate risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation that directly relates to your skin type. In addition, many patients require multiple treatments to produce the desired results. Overall, ALA-PDT therapy provides a suitable alternative for treating sun-damaged skin, AKs, and acne.
Id, Ego, and Superego

Sigmund Freud divided mental life into three agencies or ‘provinces’ that is, id, ego, and superego. The id is the oldest and the most primitive psychic agency, representing the biological foundations of personality. It is a reservoir of basic instinctual drives, particularly sexual (libidinal) drives, which motivate the organism to seek pleasure. The ego is a modification of the id that emerges as a result of the direct influence of the external world. It is the ‘executive’ of the personality in the sense that it regulates libidinal drive energies so that satisfaction accords with the demands of reality. It is the center of reason, reality testing, and commonsense, and has at its command, a range of defensive stratagems that can deflect, repress, or transform the expression of unrealistic or forbidden drive energies. The superego is a further differentiation of the ego, which represents its ‘ideal.’ The superego emerges as a consequence of the Oedipal drama, whereby the child takes on the authority and magnificence of parental figures through introjection or identification. Whereas the id operates in pursuit of pleasure and the ego is governed by the reality principle, the superego bids the psychic apparatus to pursue idealistic goals and perfection. It is the source of moral censorship and conscience.
Modeling approaches for intrusion detection and prevention system return on investment

Making decisions about intrusion detection and/or prevention system (IDPS) enhancements are often limited to tool effectiveness (i.e., predictive performance). However, in many cases, the tools in an IDPS are operating in information environments, where the malicious behavior is difficult to discern, and computational resources are limited. We develop three novel IDPS performance models motivated by the return on investment (ROI) metric, where each model is designed to compare each tool’s relative contributions to the system-level performance over multiple scenarios and configurations. Each of our approaches combine statistical accuracy metrics and computational resource costs into one model to facilitate decision making on IDPS configurations.
The association between ABO blood types and venous thromboembolism in individuals with a positive antiphospholipid profile is varied by sex

ObjectivesAlthough non-O blood type is an established risk factor for venous thromboembolism in the general population, the impact of ABO blood type (ABO) on venous thromboembolism risk in individuals with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) has not been studied. We sought to investigate the relationship between ABO and venous thromboembolism in aPL-positive individuals. We also sought to explore potential interactions between ABO and sex or race to determine whether ABO contributes to race or sex differences with respect to the development of venous thromboembolism.MethodsWe identified all patients over 18 years old followed at a tertiary medical center between January 2000 and January 2015 with serological aPL criteria and ABO data. Episodes of venous thromboembolism were recorded. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of venous thromboembolism for non-O (A, B, or AB blood types) versus O blood type.ResultsThere were 226 patients included in the final analysis, of...
The relationship between task-induced stress, vocal changes, and physiological state during a dyadic team task

It is commonly known that a relationship exists between the human voice and various emotional states. Past studies have demonstrated changes in a number of vocal features, such as fundamental frequency f0 and peakSlope, as a result of varying emotional state. These voice characteristics have been shown to relate to emotional load, vocal tension, and, in particular, stress. Although much research exists in the domain of voice analysis, few studies have assessed the relationship between stress and changes in the voice during a dyadic team interaction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the multimodal interplay between speech and physiology during a high-workload, high-stress team task. Specifically, we studied task-induced effects on participants' vocal signals, specifically, the f0 and peakSlope features, as well as participants' physiology, through cardiovascular measures. Further, we assessed the relationship between physiological states related to stress and changes in the speaker's voice. We recruited participants with the specific goal of working together to diffuse a simulated bomb. Half of our sample participated in an "Ice Breaker" scenario, during which they were allowed to converse and familiarize themselves with their teammate prior to the task, while the other half of the sample served as our "Control". Fundamental frequency (f0), peakSlope, physiological state, and subjective stress were measured during the task. Results indicated that f0 and peakSlope significantly increased from the beginning to the end of each task trial, and were highest in the last trial, which indicates an increase in emotional load and vocal tension. Finally, cardiovascular measures of stress indicated that the vocal and emotional load of speakers towards the end of the task mirrored a physiological state of psychological "threat".
Thickness-Dependent Phase Transition Drives Nanoridge-to-Mesa Instability in Micellar Freestanding Films.

Understanding fluxes and instabilities within freestanding ultrathin films is necessary for a better understanding of, and control over, the stability and lifetime of foams and emulsions. In micellar foam films, confinement-induced layering of micelles leads to stepwise thinning or stratification that occurs by the expansion of thinner, darker domains. Often, because of a nanoridge-to-mesa instability, one or more brighter white spots or “mesas” appear at the circular moving front between thinner domains and the thicker (less dark) surrounding film. Previous studies assume that the instability and the appearance of white spots are similar to the capillarity-driven Rayleigh instability that leads to the breakup of a coherent liquid jet. Using the IDIOM (interferometry digital imaging optical microscopy) protocols we recently developed, we characterize the nanoridge-to-mesa instability with exquisite spatiotemporal resolution (thickness <1 nm, time <1 ms). The instability could be classified as a Rayleigh i...
Discrepancy between wrist-actigraph and polysomnographic measures of sleep in patients with stable heart failure and a novel approach to evaluating discrepancy.

Wrist-actigraphy is often used to measure sleep characteristics in a variety of populations, but discrepancies between actigraphic and polysomnographic measures have been noted in populations experiencing poor sleep quality. The purpose of this study is to examine the discrepancy between these measures and risk factors for discrepancy in people with heart failure using a novel index. We used sleep measures simultaneously recorded by actigraphy and polysomnography, and clinical data from a cross-sectional study of 155 patients with heart failure (age = 60.5 [16.1] years; 65.2% male) recruited from evidence-based heart failure disease management programmes. The discrepancy and consistency between the two measures were evaluated using Bland-Altman plots, intra-class correlations and a newly developed index that represents activity counts in wake episodes. Overall, participants had short total sleep time (327.7 [95.9] min) and poor sleep efficiency (71.3 [16.0]%) on polysomnography. The discrepancies between sleep measures were small in patients less than 60 years old, and there was excellent consistency (intra-class correlation = 0.81) compared with older patients who had poorer consistency (intra-class correlation = 0.53) on total sleep time. Higher daytime motor activity, poor sleep quality and more severe insomnia were associated with smaller discrepancies in older, but not younger, patients, and associations were more sensitively detected by the new index. These findings suggest the importance of aging, disability and co-morbidity that may influence motor activity from which sleep estimates are scored with actigraphy. The new index may be useful in identifying factors associated with the correspondence between actigraphy and polysomnography.
Robotics research at the laboratory for intelligent systems, National Research Council of Canada

This paper summarizes the research and development activities in the field of intelligent robotics at the Laboratory for Intelligent Systems of the National Research Council of Canada. The Council’s objective is to use its long term research to provide a base of knowledge from which to attack short term problems in support of the Canadian industry. The Laboratory’s work on three-dimensional vision, sensory based control, multiprocessor system architecture and applications of artificial intelligence is presented.
Resonance-stabilized hydrocarbon-radical chain reactions may explain soot inception and growth

Mystery surrounds the transition from gas-phase hydrocarbon precursors to terrestrial soot and interstellar dust, which are carbonaceous particles formed under similar conditions. Although polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known precursors to high-temperature carbonaceous-particle formation, the molecular pathways that initiate particle formation are unknown. We present experimental and theoretical evidence for rapid molecular clustering–reaction pathways involving radicals with extended conjugation. These radicals react with other hydrocarbon species to form covalently bound complexes that promote further growth and clustering by regenerating resonance-stabilized radicals through low-barrier hydrogen-abstraction and hydrogen-ejection reactions. Such radical–chain reaction pathways may lead to covalently bound clusters of PAHs and other hydrocarbons that would otherwise be too small to condense at high temperatures, thus providing the key mechanistic steps for rapid particle formation and surface growth by hydrocarbon chemisorption.
Children teach their parents

Public education for youth can influence future generations, but it typically does not create outcomes for those who need to vote on policies and create change today. A new study suggests that well-designed instructional units can foster family interactions that increase adult concern about climate change.
Designing of Tumor-Targeted HuR siRNA Nanoparticle as a Therapeutic for Lung Cancer

Small interfering (si) RNA has emerged as a valuable laboratory tool not only for studying the function of a gene but also as a therapeutic for cancer treatment. siRNA-based therapies are being developed and tested against a plethora of human cancers in laboratories around the world and serve as an alternate strategy for conventional therapy, in particular for cancers that have developed resistance to therapy. Preclinical studies have convincingly demonstrated that siRNA therapy when combined with conventional therapies and small molecule inhibitors produce enhanced antitumor activity. While siRNA therapy is attractive, there are also several hurdles that need to be overcome for successfully translating to the clinic. One major hurdle is the availability of a biodegradable delivery vehicle that can efficiently protect the siRNA from rapid degradation when administered in vivo. siRNA therapy, like conventional and molecularly targeted therapies, requires specificity and targeted delivery to the rapidly growing tumor such that the tumor therapeutic efficacy is high while normal tissue toxicity is low.
Do High Rates of Atypical Glandular Cells Correlate With Higher Incidence of Disease in a Large Safety Net Hospital.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to describe the incidence and correlates of atypical glandular cell (AGC) Pap tests in a low socioeconomic status, underserved population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of patients with AGC Pap tests at a single institution were reviewed from January 2013 to August 2019. Baseline characteristics were extracted including age, body mass index, birth control, abnormal uterine bleeding, and human papillomavirus (HPV). All colposcopy and endometrial biopsies were classified into negative/low-risk (polyps, tubular metaplasia, microglandular hyperplasia, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1) and high-risk (HR) lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3, adenocarcinoma in situ, endometrial hyperplasia, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer). Logistic regression identified significant associations. Sixty-eight randomly selected AGC cytology slides from the cohort and 32 non-AGC slides outside the cohort were blindly reviewed by 6 pathologists. Fleiss κ interrater agreement was assessed. RESULTS Seven hundred forty patients with AGC Pap tests were identified (0.8% of all Pap tests performed during this time). After excluding for incomplete data, 478 patients were included. Sixty-three patients had HR lesions (13.3%). Patients with HR lesions had increased odds of abnormal uterine bleeding (odds ratio = 4.32, p < .001) and HPV positivity (odds ratio = 10.89, p < .001) when compared with patients with low-risk lesions. The κ agreement was 0.21 for all cases and 0.18 for AGC alone. CONCLUSIONS This population falls within the national averages for AGC Pap tests. There was an increased risk of HR lesions in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding and HPV positivity. The rate of HR lesions among AGC Pap tests was at the lower end of values in the literature. After blinded pathologist review, interobserver κ agreement was low for AGC Pap tests.
The Evolving Role of Radiation Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma

The management of metastatic disease is evolving. As systemic therapies continue to improve, there is increasing recognition that local therapy to distant sites of disease impacts outcomes among many histologies, including sarcoma. Various local therapy strategies exist, but radiation therapy (RT) is particularly critical as it provides a non-invasive, yet locally ablative strategy for metastatic management. Various delivery techniques including stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) or hypofractionated RT can escalate the biologic dose while avoiding normal tissues in order to reduce tumor burden, provide durable local control, palliate symptoms, potentially prevent further seeding of metastatic lesions, and potentially prolong survival. This review summarizes the current state of the literature on the important role of RT for the treatment of metastatic sarcoma organized by the site of metastatic disease. Particularly for patients presenting with oligometastatic or oligoprogressive disease, consolidative RT is an important local therapy strategy to be considered in a multidisciplinary setting.
TWOPD: A Novel Approach to Teaching an Introductory Cybersecurity Course

In today’s world, technology is ubiquitous. Today’s children grow up with a lot of technology, such as phones, gaming systems, tablets and computers. Even ‘things’ are connected to the Internet. Such things include door locks, coffee makers, refrigerators, thermostats, and speakers to name a few. There are more Internet of Things devices than there are people worldwide. Connected things have changed lives of people and the world in a lot of positive ways, but they also come with numerous security and privacy issues.
Diabetes associated residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in statin-treated patients with prior atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Abstract Aim In statin-treated persons with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) the further ASCVD risk that diabetes mellitus (DM) adds is not well-quantified. We examined this residual risk for initial and total recurrent ASCVD events. Methods We studied 3271 patients with ASCVD on statin therapy in the AIM-HIGH clinical trial cohort. Cox regression and the Prentice, Williams, and Peterson model examined the excess risk of initial and total recurrent ASCVD events associated with DM over a 3- year mean follow-up. Predictors of first and total ASCVD events in those with and without DM were also examined. Results Of our cohort with ASCVD on statin therapy 40% also had DM. Those with vs. without DM were older, were less likely to be male or white. They had higher systolic blood pressure, lower HDL-C, LDL-C, lipoprotein (a), but higher triglycerides and BMI (all p Conclusion In statin-treated patients with ASCVD, DM was associated with significantly greater residual risk over ASCVD alone for both first and total recurrent ASCVD events.
Micron Scale Spatial Measurement of the O 2 Gradient Surrounding a Bacterial Biofilm in Real Time

Bacteria alter their local chemical environment through both consumption and the production of a variety of molecules, ultimately shaping the local ecology. Molecular oxygen (O2) is a key metabolite that affects the physiology and behavior of virtually all bacteria, and its consumption often results in O2 gradients within sessile bacterial communities (biofilms). O2 plays a critical role in several bacterial phenotypes, including antibiotic tolerance; however, our understanding of O2 levels within and surrounding biofilms has been hampered by the difficulties in measuring O2 levels in real-time for extended durations and at the micron scale. Here, we developed electrochemical methodology based on scanning electrochemical microscopy to quantify the O2 gradients present above a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. These results reveal that a biofilm produces a hypoxic zone that extends hundreds of microns from the biofilm surface within minutes and that the biofilm consumes O2 at a maximum rate. Treating the biofilm with levels of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin that kill 99% of the bacteria did not affect the O2 gradient, indicating that the biofilm is highly resilient to antimicrobial treatment in regard to O2 consumption.IMPORTANCE O2 is a fundamental environmental metabolite that affects all life on earth. While toxic to many microbes and obligately required by others, those that have appropriate physiological responses survive and can even benefit from various levels of O2, particularly in biofilm communities. Although most studies have focused on measuring O2 within biofilms, little is known about O2 gradients surrounding biofilms. Here, we developed electrochemical methodology based on scanning electrochemical microscopy to measure the O2 gradients surrounding biofilms in real time on the micron scale. Our results reveal that P. aeruginosa biofilms produce a hypoxic zone that can extend hundreds of microns from the biofilm surface and that this gradient remains even after the addition of antibiotic concentrations that eradicated 99% of viable cells. Our results provide a high resolution of the O2 gradients produced by P. aeruginosa biofilms and reveal sustained O2 consumption in the presence of antibiotics.
The Enduring Force of Kenner Star Wars Toy Commercials

Kenner Star Wars toys (1977–1985) revolutionized the action figure industry and tangibly connected fans to their beloved fictional storyworld. Over the past 40 years the toys have become a force of their own and an intrinsic part of the franchise. Toy collection is an almost ubiquitous expression of Star Wars fandom and some attention has been paid to its significance. Less explored is the role toy commercials played in cultivating an enduring legacy of fandom. Most of the classic commercials are available, either individually or in curated compilations, via YouTube, and their memorialization should not be dismissed as mere nostalgia. Today the toys and commercials are connections to Star Wars and generational identity markers that highlight the central role of both in the transmedial experience of Star Wars.
Matrix Pencil Estimation of Guided Waves Dispersion in a Human Skull

Guided Ultrasonic Waves (GUWs) have been recently proposed as an alternative to more classical ultrasonic-based techniques in brain imaging and therapy. The efficient and effective use of GUWs is strongly related to the a priori knowledge of the Lamb wave-type dispersion behavior of the cranial region adjacent to the inspected brain location. In this context, few studies have been proposed in which only $A_{0}$ and quasi Rayleigh modes are reliably detected, whereas different high-order supersonic modes cannot be clearly distinguished due to severe scattering associated to the spongeous structure of the diploe. In this work, it is demonstrated that high order modes can be excited and recorded at low and mid frequencies (<1.0 MHz) in a dry human skull. Specifically, Lamb waves are generated in the upper parietal region of the skull by using short tonebursts, while their corresponding velocity fields are recorded by means of an infrared scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. The frequency-wavenumber spectra are obtained from the recorded wave fields using the Matrix Pencil Method. Finally, the different Lamb modes in the spectra are classified using a three-layered Semi-Analytical Finite Element model in which the thickness of the cortical and trabecular layers is assumed from CT-scan images of the scanned area. The obtained results indicate that the elastic properties of the brain can be potentially assessed by totally noninvasive procedure. In addition, they open up to the possibility to penetrate inaccessible regions of the brain for imaging purposes by exploiting their intrinsic radiation properties.
Common pathways to Dean of Medicine at U.S. medical schools.

PURPOSE We sought to evaluate common leadership experiences and academic achievements obtained by current U.S. Medical School Deans of Medicine (DOMs) prior to their first appointment as Dean in order to elucidate a common pathway for promotion. METHODS In April-June 2019 the authors requested a curriculum vitae from each of the 153 LCME-accredited U.S. Medical School DOMs. The authors abstracted data on prior appointments, demographics, and achievements from CVs and online databases. Differences by gender and institutional rank were then evaluated by the Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. RESULTS CVs were obtained for 62% of DOMs (95 of 153), with women comprising 16% of the responding cohort (15/95). Prior to appointment as DOM, 34% of respondents had served as both permanent Department Chair and Associate Dean, 39% as permanent Department Chair but not Associate Dean, and 17% as Associate Deans but not permanent Department Chair. There was a non-significant trend for men to have been more likely to have been a permanent Department Chair (76% vs 53%, p = 0.11) and less likely to have been an Associate Dean (48% vs 67%, p = 0.26) compared to women. Responding DOMs at Top-25 research institutions were mostly male (15/16), more likely to have been appointed before 2010 (38% vs 14%, p = 0.025), and had higher H-indices (mean (SD): 73.1 (32.3) vs 33.5 (22.5), p<0.01) than non-Top-25 Deans. CONCLUSIONS The most common pathway to DOM in this study cohort was prior service as Department Chair. This suggests that diversification among Department Chair positions or expansion of search criteria to seek leaders from pools other than Department Chairs may facilitate increased diversity, equity, and inclusion among DOM overall.
On Queue-Length Information in a Tandem Queueing System

We consider a system where customers have to go through two service phases. For example, patients who arrive to an ER first wait for being admitted and then wait to be seeing by a physician. Assuming patients are served according to the order of their arrival (FCFS), we study the case where queue-length information is available at arrival: customers observe the state of the entire system and decide whether to join or not. We calculate the equilibrium strategy and show that customer strategy is not necessarily a function of the total number of customers in the system. We also show that when customers join the system they might balk in front of the second queue, but never renege from the first queue. To learn the value of information we compare the observable system with a system in which queue-length information is only partially available: instead of observing the full system state, customers observe queue length only at arrival to each queue.
Orbital-selective Peierls phase in the metallic dimerized chain MoOCl 2

Using ab initio density functional theory, here we systematically study the monolayer ${\mathrm{MoOCl}}_{2}$ with a $4{d}^{2}$ electronic configuration. Our main result is that an orbital-selective Peierls phase (OSPP) develops in ${\mathrm{MoOCl}}_{2}$, resulting in the dimerization of the Mo chain along the $b$ axis. Specifically, the Mo-${d}_{xy}$ orbitals form robust molecular-orbital states inducing localized ${d}_{xy}$ singlet dimers, while the Mo-${d}_{xz/yz}$ orbitals remain delocalized and itinerant. Our study shows that ${\mathrm{MoOCl}}_{2}$ is globally metallic, with the Mo-${d}_{xy}$ orbital bonding-antibonding splittings opening a gap and the Mo-${d}_{xz/yz}$ orbitals contributing to the metallic conductivity. Overall, the results resemble the recently much discussed orbital-selective Mott phase but with the localized band induced by a Peierls distortion instead of Hubbard interactions. Finally, we also qualitatively discuss the possibility of OSPP in the $3{d}^{2}$ configuration, as in ${\mathrm{CrOCl}}_{2}$.
tRNA Modifications as a Readout of S and Fe-S Metabolism

Iron-Sulfur (Fe-S) clusters function as core prosthetic groups known to modulate the activity of metalloenzymes, act as trafficking vehicles for biological iron and sulfur, and participate in several intersecting metabolic pathways. The formation of these clusters is initiated by a class of enzymes called cysteine desulfurases, whose primary function is to shuttle sulfur from the amino acid L-cysteine to a variety of sulfur transfer proteins involved in Fe-S cluster synthesis as well as in the synthesis of other thiocofactors. Thus, sulfur and Fe-S cluster metabolism are connected through shared enzyme intermediates, and defects in their associated pathways cause a myriad of pleiotropic phenotypes, which are difficult to dissect. Post-transcriptionally modified transfer RNA (tRNA) represents a large class of analytes whose synthesis often requires the coordinated participation of sulfur transfer and Fe-S enzymes. Therefore, these molecules can be used as biologically relevant readouts for cellular Fe and S status. Methods employing LC-MS technology provide a valuable experimental tool to determine the relative levels of tRNA modification in biological samples and, consequently, to assess genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors modulating reactions dependent on Fe-S clusters. Herein, we describe a robust method for extracting RNA and analytically evaluating the degree of Fe-S-dependent and -independent tRNA modifications via an LC-MS platform.
RNA-Seq for comprehensive analysis of differences in gene programs between conduit and resistance arteries (866.5)

Smooth muscle can be phenotypically categorized as tonic (eg. conduit arteries) versus phasic, or mixed properties (eg. microcirculatory arteries). Characterization of the gene expression programs that underlie the phenotypic differences between conduit and microcirculatory arteries is important to understanding the differing pathologic responses of these vessels. We performed RNA-Seq on rat aortas vs mesenteric arteries (MAs) to identify differences in their gene programs >900 gene transcripts are differentially expressed between the two groups. Gene ontology analysis reveals an enrichment of genes involved in processes that are indicative of the oxidative “slow” phenotype in the aorta and of the “fast” phenotype in the MAs. The expression of PP1 regulatory subunits fit these phenotypes: PP1 glycogen-targeting subunit (GL) is more highly expressed in the AO (FC=7.6), while the MP/PP1 myosin-targeting subunit (Mypt1) is more highly expressed in the MAs (FC=3.4). We have also investigated the splicing prog...
Early surgical correction of large ventricular septal defects.

A significant number of babies born with large ventricular septal defects present early in life as problems in management of congestive heart failure, severe pulmonary hypertension, marked growth retardation, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Review of patients born since December 1954 with ventricular septal defects and followed at our institution allowed for comparison between infants treated surgically and those patients treated either medically or requiring no specific therapy. In 45 infants direct surgical closure of the ventricular defect was undertaken when supportive medical management alone appeared to be inadequate to insure survival or a normal life potential. There was an 80% survival with surgery. All 9 deaths occurred in patients having severe pulmonary hypertension; in some instances additional factors were believed to have contributed to the death of the infant. Nonetheless, surgical mortality appeared to be lower in the infants having severe pulmonary hypertension than among children with a comparable degree of hypertension who were operated on over the age of 2 years. Postmortem examination revealed pathologic changes of advanced pulmonary vascular obstructive disease at as early an age as 8 months. Direct surgical closure of the ventricular septal defect was chosen in preference to the pulmonary artery handing procedure because it not only offers an immediate means of helping the sick infant but also should obviate the necessity of a second major surgical procedure when the patient is older. It is further anticipated that early correction of the septal defect will prove effective in many instances in preventing the serious consequences of pulmonary hypertension.
Studies of canine distemper infection by means of fluorescein-labeled antibody. II. The pathology and diagnosis of the naturally occurring disease in dogs and the antigenic nature of the inclusion body.

Abstract In examinations of dogs with natural canine distemper infection, specific viral antigen was found in the visceral and cutaneous tissues as well as in the brain, depending on the stage of the infection. Localization of viral antigen in cutaneous tissues and visceral organs is similar to that seen in experimentally infected ferrets. In the brain of the dogs, however, viral antigen in the form of fluorescent granules or oval masses was found in the cell bodies of the neurons and in their dendrites and axons; also in ependymal cells and astrocytes. Viral antigen was seen in the walls of blood vessels of the brain in dogs with or without central nervous system lesions. The fuchsinophilic distemper inclusions in urinary bladder mucosa cells stained by the Seller's method are found to be antigenic. However, the acidophilic inclusions seen after Shorr's Triple (S-3) stain may be but usually are not antigenic. For the rapid diagnosis of acute canine distemper infection in dogs, fluorescent antibody staining of cells in conjunctival smears is found to be simple and practical. A similar method can be applied to imprint smears of various organs in autopsied dogs for specific post-mortem diagnosis.
STAT3 Regulates Lytic Activation of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus.

ABSTRACT Lytic activation of Kaposi9s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) from latency is a critical contributor to pathogenesis and progression of KSHV-mediated disease. Development of targeted treatment strategies and improvement of lytic-phase-directed oncolytic therapies, therefore, hinge on gaining a better understanding of latency-to-lytic-phase transition. A key observation in that regard, also common to other herpesviruses, is the partial permissiveness of latently infected cells to lytic-cycle-inducing agents. Here, we address the molecular basis of why only some KSHV-infected cells respond to lytic stimuli. Since cellular signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively active in KSHV-associated cancers, KSHV activates STAT3, and STAT3 has been found to regulate lytic activation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells, we asked if STAT3 contributes similarly to the life cycle of KSHV. We found that high levels of STAT3 correlate with the refractory state at the single-cell level under conditions of both spontaneous and induced lytic activation; importantly, STAT3 also regulates lytic susceptibility. Further, knockdown of STAT3 suppresses the cellular transcriptional corepressor Kruppel-associated box domain-associated protein 1 (KAP1; also known as TRIM28), and suppression of KAP1 activates lytic genes, including the viral lytic switch RTA, thereby linking STAT3 via KAP1 to regulation of the balance between lytic and latent cells. These findings, taken together with those from EBV-infected and, more recently, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)-infected cells, cement the contribution of host STAT3 to persistence of herpesviruses and simultaneously reveal an important lead to devise strategies to improve lytic-phase-directed therapies for herpesviruses. IMPORTANCE Lytic activation of the cancer-causing Kaposi9s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is vital to its life cycle and causation of disease. Like other herpesviruses, however, a substantial fraction of latently infected cells are resistant to lytic-phase-inducing stimuli. Investigating the molecular basis for this refractory state is essential for understanding how the virus persists and how it causes disease and to guide efforts to improve treatment of KSHV-mediated diseases. We found that, like two other herpesviruses, EBV and HSV-1, KSHV exploits the cellular transcription factor STAT3 to regulate the susceptibility of latently infected cells to lytic triggers. These findings highlight a common STAT3-centered strategy used by herpesviruses to maintain persistence in their hosts while also revealing a key molecule to pursue while devising methods to improve herpesvirus lytic-phase-directed therapies.
Semiquantitative Analysis of the Biodistribution of the Combined 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG Administration for PET/CT Imaging

In this study, we evaluated the biodistribution of the 18F−/18F-FDG administration, compared with separate 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG administrations. We also estimated the interaction of 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG in the 18F−/18F-FDG administration by semiquantitative analysis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 49 patients (39 men, 10 women; mean age ± SD, 59.3 ± 15.2 y) who underwent separate 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-NaF PET/CT scans as well as 18F−/18F-FDG PET/CT sequentially. The most common primary diagnosis was prostate cancer (n = 28), followed by sarcoma (n = 9) and breast cancer (n = 6). The mean standardized uptake values (SUVs) were recorded for 18 organs in all patients, and maximum SUV and mean SUV were recorded for all the identified malignant lesions. We also estimated the 18F−/18F-FDG uptake as the sum of 18F-FDG uptake and adjusted 18F-NaF uptake based on the ratio of 18F-NaF injected dose in 18F−/18F-FDG PET/CT. Lastly, we compared the results to explore the interaction of 18F-FDG and 18F-NaF uptake in the 18F−/18F-FDG scan. Results: The 18F−/18F-FDG uptake in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, parotid grand, myocardium, and bowel mostly reflected the 18F-FDG uptake, whereas the uptake in the other analyzed structures was influenced by both the 18F-FDG and the 18F-NaF uptake. The 18F−/18F-FDG uptake in extraskeletal lesions showed no significant difference when compared with the uptake from the separate 18F-FDG scan. The 18F−/18F-FDG uptake in skeletal lesions reflected mostly the 18F-NaF uptake. The tumor-to-background ratio of 18F−/18F-FDG in extraskeletal lesions showed no significant difference when compared with that from 18F-FDG alone (P = 0.73). For skeletal lesions, the tumor-to-background ratio of 18F−/18F-FDG was lower than that from 18F-NaF alone (P
Reference Services: Meeting the Needs of International Adult Learners

Summary International adult learners constitute a very large percentage of the international student and scholar population in the United States. The ability of this adult group to use libraries is hampered not only by their language, cultural and educational barriers, but also by librarians' limited understanding of their differences in learning styles. The relationship between learning styles and the methods of instructing them in library use is addressed in this paper. Recommendations for training and instruction of librarians on meeting the needs of this culturally diverse group are also provided.
Undiscretized dynamic programming: faster algorithms for facility location and related problems on trees

In the Uncapacitated Facility Location (UFL) problem, there is a fixed cost for opening a facility, and some distance matrix d that determines the cost of distributing commodities from any facility i to any consumer j. The problem is NP-hard in general and when d consists of a distance metric in a graph [7, 12]. However, for the case where the commodity transportation costs are given by path lengths in a tree, an O(n2) dynamic programming algorithm was given by [4, 7]. We improve this dynamic programming algorithm by using the geometry of piecewise linear functions and fast merging of the binary search trees used to store these functions. We achieve the complexity bound of O(n log n) for the Tree Location Problem and some related problems. Our approach gives a general method for solving tree dynamic programming problems.
Pregnancy and Extragenital Carcinoma.

Es werden 5 Falle von extragenitalem Carcinom (Leber, Gallenblase, Mamma, Dickdarm, Mediastinum) bei Graviditat mitgeteilt. Die Lokalisation der Primartumoren und ihre Metastasierung werden besprochen. Der besonders rapide Verlauf und die Affinitat der Metastasen zu den blutbildenden Organen wird durch die hormonale Beeinflussung bedingt angesehen.
Conference paper. Human aspects in integrated manufacturing systems

The technological evolution which contributed to the early development of integrated computerized manufacturing systems (ICOMS) is presented and the significance and characteristics of U.S.A. manufacturing are illustrated. The human aspects in the design and use of manufacturing systems are outlined. Some solutions to human issues in ICOMS are mentioned.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MASLOW'S DEPRIVATION-DOMINATION PROPOSITION

Students wrote essays designed to enhance recall of past attainment or past deprivation of belongingness-level needs. Essays affected subsequent goal-attainment ratings of esteem-level rather than ...