cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ACUTE EFFECTS OF DEPTH JUMP VOLUME ON VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE IN COLLEGIATE WOMEN SOCCER PLAYERS

Post-activation potentiation (PAP) has been shown to improve acute power performance. Depth jumps might elicit PAP resulting in improved vertical jump. The purpose of this study was to compare different volumes of depth jumps with rebound as a warm-up for vertical jumping. Seventeen collegiate women soccer players (age: 18.94±.74 yrs, height: 169.35±5.25 cm, mass: 66.07±6.42 kg) volunteered to participate in five testing sessions separated by at least 48 hours. Each subject warmed up on the cycle ergometer, then performed three pre-test countermovement jumps followed by 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 depth jumps with rebound in random order. Box height was set at the level of the lateral femoral condyle for each subject. Subjects then rested for ten minutes followed by three post-test countermovement jumps. Dependent variables were Vertec vertical jump height (VJ) and relative ground reaction force (rGRF) measured by a force plate. ANOVA revealed no significant interactions but there was a main effect for time for VJ with pre-test (41.02±4.50 cm) being greater than post-test (40.42±4.30 cm). There were no main effects for rGRF (pre- 24.07±2.48 N/kg; post- 23.73±2.60 N/kg). These results suggest that the volume, box height and/or rest time used in this study were insufficient to elicit PAP and not only failed to increase vertical jump performance but resulted in a decrease. Therefore, it is suggested that collegiate women soccer players do not use depth jumps at knee height with these volumes and rest times as a warm-up in an effort to increase vertical jump performance.
The limits of health care resources.

The United States has’ limited facilities, personnel, and equipment to prevent, diagnose and treat illness and injury. There will never be an adequate supply of these resources to do everything for everyone; there never has been. “Thus,” as Lundberg says, “care is rationed every day but in irrational ways.“’ De facto rationing has physicians, government, administrators, or society allocating resources to problems they each see as most crucial. If the allocation of health-care resources has always existed, why is it suddenly a “hot” topic? The sudden increased concern over resource allocation is due to the rise in the medically needy population and the phenomenal increase in health-care costs over the past 25 years. An aging population, the emergence of AIDS as a high-cost epidemic, decreasing availability of employersupplied health insurance,* and a depressed economy have increased the number of medically needy in the United States to more than 37 million people. By 1988, the US Bureau of the Census found that 63.9 million Americans lacked health insurance coverage for at least 1 month in the prior year,3 and estimates are that about one fourth of the US population are uninsured or inadequately insured for medical treatment costs.4 The increase in health-care costs only add to this problem. In 1965, we spent approximately 6% of our gross national product on health care; in 1975, we spent approximately 8%; in 1985, we spent approximately 10.5%; and in 1990, we spent over 12%-approximately $700 billion5 From 1977 to 1987 health-care expenditures rose at an average annual rate of 3% in real terms.6 It is estimated that by 1996 annual US health-care spending will reach $1 trillion.’ By the year 2000, if we continue on this course, we will spend approximately 15% of our gross national product (GNP) on health care.6 So far, the patchwork solutions or putatively curative new health-care delivery systems have not noticeably improved the situation.
Drilling wear detection and classification using vibration signals and artificial neural network

In automated flexible manufacturing systems the detection of tool wear during the cutting process is one of the most important considerations. This study presents a comparison between several architectures of the multi-layer feed-forward neural network with a back propagation training algorithm for tool condition monitoring (TCM) of twist drill wear. The algorithm utilizes vibration signature analysis as the main and only source of information from the machining process. The objective of the proposed study is to produce a TCM system that will lead to a more efficient and economical drilling tool usage. Five different drill wear conditions were artificially introduced to the neural network for prediction and classification. The experimental procedure for acquiring vibration data and extracting features in both the time and frequency domains to train and test the neural network models is detailed. It was found that the frequency domain features, such as the averaged harmonic wavelet coefficients and the maximum entropy spectrum peaks, are more efficient in training the neural network than the time domain statistical moments. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of using the vibration signals in a supervised neural network for drill wear detection and classification.
Content Analysis of Social Media Related to Left Ventricular Assist Devices

Background— Social media have the potential to offer important benefits for patient education, support, and shared decision making. Despite the proliferation of social media use during the past decade, little is known about the scope and quality of available information, or the purposes that social media sites serve for patient decisional and support needs. Methods and Results— We conducted a mixed method study, including content analysis of social media and principal components analysis analysis of data sites discussing left ventricular assist device treatment for heart failure. This study explored aspects of interactivity, user-friendliness, appeal, medium, purpose, audience, and accuracy of information. Higher levels of interactivity (eg, posting comments) seem to enhance the appeal and usability of available information but also introduce greater potential for inaccuracy and inconsistency. The current lack of oversight into the content and quality of available information constitute a challenge for the reliable use of social media as forums for information-seeking and social network–based support. Conclusions— We conclude that social media outlets constitute a promising source of informational and psychosocial support for patients, caregivers, and candidates, and if used in conjunction with patient-provider dialog, can contribute to informed decision making by facilitating reflection and discussion of personal concerns, values, and informational needs.
The Epistles of John: What's New Since Brooke's ICC in 1912?

Brooke's commentary remains a worthwhile help in interpreting the Johannine Epistles, although it now seems conservative on such issues as authorship. Brooke entertains the possibility that the Fourth Gospel and the Epistles were written by different authors, but maintains that the arguments for that position are not strong enough to warrant abandonment of the tradition, although the author cannot be confidently identified as the son of Zebedee. Nevertheless, he is a leading figure exercising authority within a circle of churches. First John presumes the Gospel, since, for example its prologue becomes readily intelligible on the basis of the Gospel's, while the reverse is not the case. In place of common authorship of Gospel and Epistles, one may now speak of a Johannine community and, perhaps anachronistically, of a Johannine `canon' in which these documents alone functioned authoritatively. One notices the pervasive dualism, as Brooke did not, and must ask whether it poses a challenge for contemporary i...
Differential assembly of alpha- and gamma-filagenins into thick filaments in Caenorhabditis elegans

Muscle thick filaments are highly organized supramolecular assemblies of myosin and associated proteins with lengths, diameters and flexural rigidities characteristic of their source. The cores of body wall muscle thick filaments of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are tubular structures of paramyosin sub-filaments coupled by filagenins and have been proposed to serve as templates for the assembly of native thick filaments. We have characterized alpha- and gamma-filagenins, two novel proteins of the cores with calculated molecular masses of 30,043 and 19,601 and isoelectric points of 10.52 and 11.49, respectively. Western blot and immunoelectron microscopy using affinity-purified antibodies confirmed that the two proteins are core components. Immunoelectron microscopy of the cores revealed that they assemble with different periodicities. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that alpha-filagenin is localized in the medial regions of the A-bands of body wall muscle cells whereas gamma-filagenin is localized in the flanking regions, and that alpha-filagenin is expressed in 1.5-twofold embryos while gamma-filagenin becomes detectable only in late vermiform embryos. The expression of both proteins continues throughout later stages of development. C. elegans body wall muscle thick filaments of these developmental stages have distinct lengths. Our results suggest that the differential assembly of alpha- and gamma-filagenins into thick filaments of distinct lengths may be developmentally regulated.
The Structures of the Thrombospondin-1 N-terminal Domain and its Complex with a Synthetic Pentameric Heparin

Summary The N-terminal domain of thrombospondin-1 (TSPN-1) mediates the protein's interaction with (1) glycosaminoglycans, calreticulin, and integrins during cellular adhesion, (2) low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein during uptake and clearance, and (3) fibrinogen during platelet aggregation. The crystal structure of TSPN-1 to 1.8 A resolution is a β sandwich with 13 antiparallel β strands and 1 irregular strand-like segment. Unique structural features of the N- and C-terminal regions, and the disulfide bond location, distinguish TSPN-1 from the laminin G domain and other concanavalin A-like lectins/glucanases superfamily members. The crystal structure of the complex of TSPN-1 with heparin indicates that residues R29, R42, and R77 in an extensive positively charged patch at the bottom of the domain specifically associate with the sulfate groups of heparin. The TSPN-1 structure and identified adjacent linker region provide a structural framework for the analysis of the TSPN domain of various molecules, including TSPs, NELLs, many collagens, TSPEAR, and kielin.
Bleeding Problems in Palliative Care Patients

SUMMARYBleeding problems occur commonly with certain cancers and other degenerative diseases. Causes and supportive care of bleeding and oozing are described. Experience with fibrinolytic inhibitors, topical hemostats, and systemic pharmacotherapy is summarized. Evaluation instruments that have been used for this symptom are described. Some open research questions are listed. A treatment algorithm, evidence tables and drug therapy tables which include drug costs are presented.
Self-Organized and Cu-Coordinated Surface Linear Polymerization

We demonstrate a controllable surface-coordinated linear polymerization of long-chain poly(phenylacetylenyl)s that are self-organized into a “circuit-board” pattern on a Cu(100) surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) corroborated by ab initio calculations, reveals the atomistic details of the molecular structure, and provides a clear signature of electronic and vibrational properties of the poly(phenylacetylene)s chains. Notably, the polymerization reaction is confined epitaxially to the copper lattice, despite a large strain along the polymerized chain that subsequently renders it metallic. Polymerization and depolymerization reactions can be controlled locally at the nanoscale by using a charged metal tip. This control demonstrates the possibility of precisely accessing and controlling conjugated chain-growth polymerization at low temperature. This finding may lead to the bottom-up design and realization of sophisticated architectures for molecular nano-devices.
TRIMCyp expression in Old World primates Macaca nemestrina and Macaca fascicularis.

Primates have evolved a variety of restriction factors that prevent retroviral replication. One such factor, TRIM5α, mediates a postentry restriction in many Old World primates. Among New World primates, Aotus trivirgatus exerts a similar early restriction mediated by TRIMCyp, a TRIM5–cyclophilin A (CypA) chimera resulting from a CypA retrotransposition between exons 7 and 8 of the TRIM5 gene. Macaca nemestrina do not express TRIM5α; therefore, we asked whether these animals and related Old World primates express TRIMCyp. RT-PCR of total RNA from M. nemestrina and Macaca fascicularis yielded three TRIMCyp amplification products, one of which is predicted to encode a TRIMCyp chimera containing a full-length CypA. Unlike A. trivirgatus, genomic sequencing of M. nemestrina and M. fascicularis identifies a CypA retrotransposition in the 3′ untranslated region of the TRIM5 locus. There is ≈78% homology between the predicted protein sequences of Old World and New World primate TRIMCyp, with most of the differences found in the TRIM5-derived sequence. Notably, exon 7 is absent from both M. nemestrina and M. fascicularis TRIMCyp. Neither M. nemestrina nor M. fascicularis TRIMCyp could restrict HIV-1 or simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac in an in vitro infectivity assay. The discovery of TRIMCyp in both M. nemestrina and M. fascicularis indicates that TRIMCyp expression may be more common among Old World primates than previously believed. Convergent evolution of TRIMCyp in both Old World and New World primates suggests that TRIMCyp may have provided evolutionary advantages.
Opinion: The time has come for offshore wind power in the United States

Offshore wind turbines have been successfully deployed in Europe since 1991, providing thousands of megawatts of clean energy for multiple nations. Ten years ago, it seemed that the United States would follow suit: The US Energy Policy Act of 2005 directed the Department of the Interior (DOI) to establish an offshore leasing regime in federal waters (generally oceanic waters 3–200 nautical miles from the coast). It appeared to be a crucial step in opening the door to the country’s vast offshore wind resource: turbine installations in the Mid-Atlantic Bight alone could power all United States electricity, automobile transport, and building heat needs (1).
On being an exemplary lesbian: My life as a role model

This essay and performance script chart the connections between the burdens of exemplar imposed upon the author first as “preacher's kid,” and then as a lesbian. The performance operationalizes the parallels between these roles through reflections on the politics of representation that attempt to counter lesbian invisibility.
A real-time multimedia system for video applications

An embedded multimedia system is being constructed to provide high-quality video and audio processing capabilities for desktop multimedia workstations. This versatile JPEG-based system is capable of sustaining a throughput of 2-Mbyte/s compressed data rate, which is a necessary condition for studio quality video and audio at the CCIR 601 resolution. The main design challenge is to methodologically evaluate critical data paths to ensure that the hardware system meets the periodic deadline of the isochronous multimedia data streams (e.g., 1/30 s/frame for motion video). The authors describe the system design objectives, system architecture, and preliminary results of performance analysis. >
Arctic plant responses to changing abiotic factors in northern Alaska

Premise of the study Understanding the relationship between plants and changing abiotic factors is necessary to document and anticipate the impacts of climate change. Methods We used data from long-term research sites at Barrow and Atqasuk, Alaska, to investigate trends in abiotic factors (snow melt and freeze-up dates, air and soil temperature, thaw depth, and soil moisture) and their relationships with plant traits (inflorescence height, leaf length, reproductive effort, and reproductive phenology) over time. Key results Several abiotic factors, including increasing air and soil temperatures, earlier snowmelt, delayed freeze-up, drier soils, and increasing thaw depths, showed nonsignificant tendencies over time that were consistent with the regional warming pattern observed in the Barrow area. Over the same period, plants showed consistent, although typically nonsignificant tendencies toward increasing inflorescence heights and reproductive efforts. Air and soil temperatures, measured as degree days, were consistently correlated with plant growth and reproductive effort. Reproductive effort was best predicted using abiotic conditions from the previous year. We also found that varying the base temperature used to calculate degree days changed the number of significant relationships between temperature and the trait: in general, reproductive phenologies in colder sites were better predicted using lower base temperatures, but the opposite held for those in warmer sites. Conclusions Plant response to changing abiotic factors is complex and varies by species, site, and trait; however, for six plant species, we have strong evidence that climate change will cause significant shifts in their growth and reproductive effort as the region continues to warm.
Using Expert Assessments to Forecast the 2010 House Election

I propose a methodology for forecasting the 2010 House election using current and historical race-specic expert rankings. Using ratings from the Cook and Rothenberg Political Reports and adjusting to overcome a potential pro-Democratic bias, the method projects that the Democrats are likely to retain control of the House, albeit with a signicantly narrower majority than currently enjoyed.
Drug side effect extraction from clinical narratives of psychiatry and psychology patients

Objective To extract physician-asserted drug side effects from electronic medical record clinical narratives. Materials and methods Pattern matching rules were manually developed through examining keywords and expression patterns of side effects to discover an individual side effect and causative drug relationship. A combination of machine learning (C4.5) using side effect keyword features and pattern matching rules was used to extract sentences that contain side effect and causative drug pairs, enabling the system to discover most side effect occurrences. Our system was implemented as a module within the clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System. Results The system was tested in the domain of psychiatry and psychology. The rule-based system extracting side effects and causative drugs produced an F score of 0.80 (0.55 excluding allergy section). The hybrid system identifying side effect sentences had an F score of 0.75 (0.56 excluding allergy section) but covered more side effect and causative drug pairs than individual side effect extraction. Discussion The rule-based system was able to identify most side effects expressed by clear indication words. More sophisticated semantic processing is required to handle complex side effect descriptions in the narrative. We demonstrated that our system can be trained to identify sentences with complex side effect descriptions that can be submitted to a human expert for further abstraction. Conclusion Our system was able to extract most physician-asserted drug side effects. It can be used in either an automated mode for side effect extraction or semi-automated mode to identify side effect sentences that can significantly simplify abstraction by a human expert.
Richard M. Krause: Avuncular avatar of microbial science

Christmas, 2008. Richard M. Krause stands at the Nashville, Tennessee, gravesite of his hero Oswald T. Avery (1877–1955), the Rockefeller scientist who developed bacterial disease immunotherapy and studied the mysterious phenomenon of pneumococcal transformation. The transforming factor turned out to be DNA. Richard used the above image in a talk, labeling the slide with a passage from Goethe’s Faust (lines 682–683): “Was du ererbt von deinen Vatern hast, erwirb es, um es zu besitzen” (“What you have inherited from your fathers, must first be earned before it is yours”). Image courtesy of Klaus Eichmann.
Reaching the U.S. Hispanic Wine Market: Highlighting the Opportunities

ABSTRACTWith over 50 million Hispanics living in the United States commanding 1.2 trillion dollars in purchasing power, Hispanic wine consumers may comprise a lucrative market for the saturated wine industry. Yet the wine industry has largely ignored consumers who do not fit the profile of its traditional demographic base. This study aims to fill a gap in the existing body of knowledge on Hispanic consumers of wine. Building on acculturation theory, the current study investigates predominant attitudes, opinions, and interests of the Hispanic consumer relating to wine consumption. The results of three focus groups indicate that the core cultural values of family, food, and social interaction are critical factors in developing an interest in wine among Hispanic wine consumers. Levels of acculturation also play a significant role in wine consumption among Hispanic consumers. Special attention should be addressed to younger, more acculturated consumers, as they are not only the primary consumers of wine but a...
Surgical Procedures to Prevent Recurrence

Distal common bile duct obstruction typically is managed via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Up to 25 % of patients who undergo endoscopic treatment for biliary stones will experience a recurrence months to years later. Several risk factors for recurrence have been identified in retrospective studies, including multiple common bile duct stones, biliary dilatation, open cholecystectomy, lithotripsy, and hepatolithiasis. Patients who fail the initial endoscopic treatment for their stones can undergo repeat ERCP but may also be treated surgically. Surgery should also be considered as the primary treatment in patients at high risk of recurrence and those with altered anatomy.
Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus among Hakka women in China

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the primary risk factor for cervical cancer. HPV genotypes are associated with varying degrees of pathogenicity. To better formulate strategies for cervical cancer prevention, we investigated the population-specific distribution of HPV genotypes, including those with high carcinogenicity. Methods: From January to December 2012, a cervical cancer-screening program for HPV infection in Hakka women of Heyuan City Guangdong province was conducted. Of 736,000 women residents, 8,284 volunteers were recruited. The cytology specimens of 107 women were not adequate and excluded. Thus, 8,177 women submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing of 16 HPV genotypes via MassARRAY spectrometry. Results: Risk stratification based on genotypes indicated that the prevalence of overall, high-risk, and low-risk HPV infections was 12.27%, 14.20%, and 0.79%, respectively. Of the 1,003 women positively infected, 82.75% were infected with a single HPV type; 17.25% were infected with ≥2 types. Analysis revealed a U-shaped curve in HPV prevalence that correlated with age group, with peaks at ages 18–24 y (22.03%) and 60–65 y (25%). The most frequently detected HPV genotype was HPV-52 (26.81%), and then HPV-16 (17.54%), HPV-58 (14.25%), HPV-18 (10.16%), HPV-68 (8.27%), HPV-39 (5.68%), and HPV-51 (5.38%). Conclusions: HPV-52 is the most prevalent genotype infecting Hakka women. Therefore, vaccination against HPV-52 is imperative. The prevalence of HPV infection is highest in the younger (18–24 y) and older (60–65 y) age groups, indicating that screening for HPV in Hakka women should be performed early and maintained in the elderly.
On model order estimation in distributed passive radar without reference signal

In this paper we consider a passive radar system with widely separated receivers where the propagation path between the target and some of the receiver elements may be blocked. We assume a system with no surveillance channel to the reference transmitted signal and consider the problem of joint detection of target and active receivers. We pose this as a composite detection problem with unknown signal parameters with unknown model order and derive penalty terms for Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Exponentially Embedded Family (EEF) methods of model order selection. Simulation experiments are used to compare performance of the BIC, EEF, and Minimum Description length (MDL) based detectors. Results show higher performance of the BIC over EEF and MDL.
Come as You Are: Improving Care Engagement and Viral Load Suppression Among HIV Care Coordination Clients with Lower Mental Health Functioning, Unstable Housing, and Hard Drug Use

Lower mental health functioning, unstable housing, and drug use can complicate HIV clinical management. Merging programmatic and surveillance data, we examined characteristics and outcomes for HIV Care Coordination clients enrolled between December 2009 and March 2013. For clients diagnosed over 12 months before enrollment, we calculated post- versus pre-enrollment relative risks for short-term (12-month) care engagement and viral suppression. Both outcomes significantly improved in all subgroups, including those with lower mental health functioning, unstable housing, or hard drug use. Analyses further stratified within barrier-affected groups showed a tendency toward greater improvement when that barrier was reduced during the follow-up year.
Modeling ultrasound speckle formation and its dependence on imaging system's response

Ultrasonic echoes, backscattered from an inhomogeneous medium have the character of a random signal, which is mainly responsible for the observed speckle in medical images. Such a medium can be modeled as a uniform matrix with scattering bodies distributed randomly. When the number of density of scatterers is high, the individual scatterers are not resolved by the imaging process, and a speckle pattern is produced as a result of interference of waves from many scatterers within the resolution cell volume. This cell volume depends on the beam profile and the pulse width of the interrogating pulse. The authors have used a 3D simulation phantom that takes into account the 3D distribution of scatterers and the 3D nature of the resolution cell volume. Several simulations were performed to study the effect of scatterer number density (SND) and resolution cell volume on the backscattered signal. Assuming the process is linear and the stochastic signal is ergodic and stationary, Kurtosis (K), which involves 2nd and 4th moments, was estimated in each case. It was found that Kurtosis varies linearly with another parameter Fs that depends on the resolution cell volume. The results are analyzed in the light of theoretical predictions. Reasonable estimates of SND can be derived from the slope of Kurtosis vs. parameter Fs graph.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Dynamic response of pre-loaded structures subjected to combined extreme environments

Abstract A series of experiments was performed on Hastelloy X plates which were subjected to a combination of extreme temperatures, in-plane tensile loading, and transverse shock loading. To achieve these conditions a shock tube apparatus was used in conjunction with a novel hydraulic pre-loading fixture and propane flame torches. In order to understand the effects of shock load magnitude on the deformation behavior of the plates, two series of experiments were carried out at peak shock pressures of 1.7 MPa and 3.1 MPa, respectively. Both series of experiments were conducted over a range of temperatures from room temperature to 900 °C. High speed photography and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) were used to obtain three-dimensional, full-field deformation information. Side view images were also captured to validate the DIC results. The addition of a tensile pre-load reduced the maximum deflection for all temperatures. However, a higher magnitude of the tensile pre-load did not further reduce the maximum out-of-plane deflection of the plate for temperatures higher than 400 °C. The specimen deformation increased with increasing temperature until 800 °C. However, at 900 °C, due to anomaly in material constitutive behavior, the specimen deflection was observed to be lower than at 800 °C. An indentation mode of deformation was observed in some instances of the 3.1 MPa peak shock pressure experiments, particularly at higher temperatures.
Structural Analysis of Janus Kinases.

Abstract Janus Kinase 3 (Jak3) plays an essential role in hematopoietic signaling. Primarily expressed in B-, T- and Natural killer cells, it is activated through the γc chain of interleukin-2 like cytokine receptors (IL-2, -4, -7, -9, -15, -21). Deficiency of catalytically active Jak3 or disruption of the Jak3:IL-2γc interaction results in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Jak3-deficient humans demonstrate defects restricted to the immune system, suggesting that selective inhibition of Jak3 catalytic activity or interruption of the Jak3:IL-2γc interaction are potentially exploitable strategies to achieve immunosuppression. Jak kinases contain four defined regions; a catalytically active carboxy-terminal kinase, a pseudo-kinase, a SH2-like region and a N-terminal Ferm domain. To date, no direct structural information has been reported for portions of any of the Jak family kinases. Structural studies are underway to define crystallographically the kinase domain of Jak3 and the Jak3-Ferm:IL-2γc interaction. Structural insights into the mechanism of Jak activation and routes to specific inhibition will be discussed.
A Demonstration of Mixing Robustness in a Direct Compression Continuous Manufacturing Process

The purpose of this work was to assess the impact of continuous mixing on tablet critical quality attributes (CQAs) manufactured using a continuous, direct compression process. A 9-run design of experiments (DoE) that bracketed the range of commercially relevant mixer speeds, mixer orientations, and mass flow rates was executed using a formulation containing a cohesive drug substance at relatively low drug load. Drug substance dispensed concentration using loss-in-weight feeders was within 1% of target for each experiment with 30-s mass flow relative standard deviation values of 3.5% or less. Higher mass flow rates resulted in first off tablets closer to target potency, a shorter tablet potency startup phase, and greater assurance of passing content uniformity testing. Dissolution profiles from the DoE runs that bracketed mixer shear conditions were similar, indicating mixing had minimal impact on drug substance release from the tablets. None of the DoE parameters had a practical impact on the description CQA (tablet breaking force, friability, and appearance). Collectively, these results highlight that for this study continuous mixing within a direct compression process is robust and is assessed as low risk of adversely impacting drug product CQAs provided there is appropriate control of the continuous feeders.
Computing Verified Machine Address Bounds During Symbolic Exploration of Code

When operational semantics is used as the basis for mechanized verification of machine code programs it is often necessary for the theorem prover to determine whether one expression denoting a machine address is unequal to another. For example, this problem arises when trying to determine whether a read at the address given by expression a is affected by an earlier write at the address given by b. If it can be determined that a and b are definitely unequal, the write does not affect the read. Such address expressions are typically composed of “machine arithmetic function symbols” such as +, *, mod, ash, logand, logxor, etc., as well as numeric constants and values read from other addresses. In this chapter we present an abstract interpreter for machine address expressions that attempts to produce a bounded natural number interval guaranteed to contain the value of the expression. The interpreter has been proved correct by the ACL2 theorem prover and is one of several key technologies used to do fast symbolic execution of machine code programs with respect to a formal operational semantics. We discuss the interpreter, what has been proved about it by ACL2, and how it is used in symbolic reasoning about machine code.
Research integrity revisited.

The U.S. public and private sectors invest billions of dollars and countless hours of highly skilled labor into scientific research every year, an investment that delivers enormous benefits to society. Integrity is indispensable to the orderly and efficient progress of this research. Regrettably, there have been some well-publicized breakdowns in scientific integrity and reported cases of irreproducible research. A new report from the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), Fostering Integrity in Research , recommends specific steps to secure a future based on integrity and reliability ([www.nap.edu/catalog/21896/][1]). These include establishing a new Research Integrity Advisory Board (RIAB) and taking stronger actions to discourage and eliminate practices that are clearly detrimental to research. [1]: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/21896/
Antisense Inhibition of Central, But not Peripheral Renin Angiotensin System Decreased Arterial Pressure in Chronic Phase of Two-Kidney, One Clip Hypertensive Rats

P198 Introduction: The systemic renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in blood pressure (BP) regulation during the development of two-kidney, one clip hypertension (2K1C). Its contributions decrease with time after constriction of the renal artery. During the chronic phase, the peripheral RAS returns to normal, nevertheless for months the hypertension is sustained. We hypothesized that during this phase of 2K1C hypertension, the brain RAS contributes to the maintenance of high BP. Methods: Therefore, we studied in the role of brain RAS by decreasing the synthesis of angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin type 1a receptors (AT1R) with intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODN). The response of systolic BP (SBP) to AS-ODN to AGT was studied at 6 mo(Group 1) and the response to AS-ODN to AT1R at 10 mo post clipping (Group 2). Each group was divided into AS-ODN, sense or inverted ODN, and saline subgroups. All groups were implanted with ICV cannulae one week before treatment. SBP was monitored by tail cuff method. Plasma and brain angiotensin II (AngII) content was measured by radioimmunoassay in all treated 2K1C groups and in nonclipped rats. Results: The results show that in Group 1, at 6 mo post clipping, the ICV AS-ODN to AGT (200 μg/kg, n=5) significantly decreased SBP(≈−22±6 mmHg, P
Outlawing sexual violence: rape law and the likelihood of civil war

AbstractAn expanding body of literature maintains that gender inequality heightens the probability of intrastate conflict by creating a structure of violence. The paper proposes the legal system as the missing link between social norms and conflict occurrence. Gender neutrality of the penal code coheres with norms of equality and, further, embodies egalitarian, progressive values associated with pacific norms of conflict resolution. The criminalization of rape enhances female empowerment by offering a legal commitment on the part of the state to safeguard women’s physical security. More broadly, legal prohibitions against rape protect women and other vulnerable individuals from sexual aggression. The statistical analysis uses novel data on rape legislation for 194 states over the 1965 to 2005 time period. The length of punitive sentence proxies for the stringency of rape legislation. The empirical findings demonstrate that longer punitive sentences against rape crimes are associated with a significantly l...
Similarities and differences between doxycycline and minocycline: clinical and antimicrobial stewardship considerations

Doxycycline and, to a lesser extent, minocycline, have been used for decades to treat various serious systemic infections, but many physicians remain unfamiliar with their spectrum, interpretation of susceptibility results, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties, optimal dosing regimens, and their activity against MRSA, VRE, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli, e.g., Acinetobacter sp. This article reviews the optimal use of doxycycline and minocycline to treat a variety of infections and when minocycline is preferred instead of doxycycline.
Exploiting and Evaluating OpenSHMEM on KNL Architecture

Manycore processors such as Intel Xeon Phi (KNL) with on-package Multi-Channel DRAM (MCDRAM) are making a paradigm shift in the High Performance Computing (HPC) industry. PGAS programming models such as OpenSHMEM due to its lightweight synchronization primitives and shared memory abstractions are considered a good fit for irregular communication patterns. While regular programming models such as MPI/OpenMP have started utilizing systems with KNL processors, it is still not clear whether PGAS models can easily adopt and fully utilize such systems. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation of the OpenSHMEM runtime on many-/multi-core processors. We also explore the performance benefits offered by the highly multithreaded KNL along with the AVX-512 extensions and MCDRAM for OpenSHMEM programming model. We evaluate Intra- and Inter-node performance of OpenSHMEM primitives on different application kernels. Our evaluation of application kernels such as NAS Parallel Benchmark and 3D-Stencil kernels show that OpenSHMEM with MVPAICH2-X runtime is able to take advantage of AVX-512 extensions and MCDRAM to exploit the architectural features provided by KNL processors.
Comments Submitted to Japan Patent Office on Guide to Licensing Negotiations Involving Standard Essential Patents

These comments were submitted to the Japan Patent Office (JPO) in response to its request for comments on its Guide to Licensing Negotiations Involving Standard Essential Patents (Draft Mar. 9, 2018). These comments relate primarily to: (1) assertion of SEPs by Patent Assertion Entities, (2) confidentiality of information in SEP negotiations, (3) Bottom-up royalty calculations, and (4) exclusivity.
Schlieren Visualization and Analysis of Sweeping Jet Actuator Dynamics

An innovative schlieren system design is introduced using two off-the-shelf telescopes instead of large, expensive lenses or mirrors. Schlieren is used in combination with a high-speed camera to investigate the internal dynamics of sweeping jet actuators. These devices are of particular interest due to their great success in active flow control applications for aerodynamic purposes. Their working principle based on schlieren images is discussed in detail based on a first model. An extended theory based on nondimensional frequency and jet velocity is introduced. A second model consisting of two adjacent sweeping jet actuators is investigated on their interaction characteristics by tracking their motion in the acquired schlieren images and the subsequent analysis of the relative deflection of the jets using fast Fourier transform, phase information, and the Hilbert transform. This is performed for multiple separation distances and two pressure ratios, leading to an underexpanded exit jet and a transonic jet. Last, the probability distribution of the deflection angles for both cases is discussed.
The Active Living by Design national program: community initiatives and lessons learned.

Public health advocates have increasingly highlighted the importance of implementing comprehensive physical activity interventions that use an ecologic framework. Such a framework can broadly address physical activity barriers, such as the lack of opportunities, social support, policies, built environments, and community awareness. The Active Living by Design (ALbD) was a community grant program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF), which was established to help 25 communities create environments that support active living. Each funded site established a multidisciplinary community partnership and implemented the 5P strategies: preparation, promotions, pro- grams, policy, and physical projects. The community partnerships worked within neighbor- hoods, schools, worksites, and other organizations to increase physical and social supports for physical activity. Ten community examples illustrate the 5Ps. Throughout the 5-year grant, the ALbD national program office provided community partnerships with group and individualized learning opportunities. Technical assistance and peer-to-peer learning was facilitated by ALbD project officers, who also coached each community partnership via site visits, regular phone calls, and electronic communications. The ALbD grant program provided valuable lessons for communities, technical assistance organizations, and funders. Community partnerships experienced success in a variety of settings and their collaborative approaches encouraged multiple organizations, including funders, to participate in improving conditions for active living. Strong local leadership was a key to success and community partnerships benefited considerably from peer-to-peer learning. The 5P model, while challenging to implement comprehensively, proved to be a useful model for community change. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37(6S2):S313-S321) © 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Phase II study for the evaluation of efficacy of pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in patients with cancer of unknown primary.

TPS3103Background: Cancer of unknown primary is a biopsy proven malignancy for which an anatomic primary remains unidentified after a focused search. It accounts for 3-4 % of all solid cancers and ...
Letters, 1972–1973

Between January 1972 and December 1973 French art-historian/philosopher Hubert Damisch and American art-historian Meyer Schapiro exchanged forty-four letters. During this short period, the two scholars discussed many issues concerning the state of art history and its relationship to semiotics and psychoanalysis. A recurring topic was Freud's famous lapse of memory concerning the name of the Renaissance artist Luca Signorelli—what to make of the lapsus in art-historical terms and how to make use of it in analyzing Signorelli's cycle of frescoes at the Cathedral of Orvieto in Italy. Damisch was then beginning to work on a book devoted to the subject while Schapiro was writing a small essay on the topic.
Salt marsh shoreline geomorphology influences the success of restored oyster reefs and use by associated fauna

Restoration is increasingly implemented as a strategy to mitigate global declines in biogenic habitats, such as salt marshes and oyster reefs. Restoration efforts could be improved if we knew how site characteristics at landscape scales affect the ecological success of these foundation species. In this study, we determined how salt marsh shoreline geomorphologies (e.g. with variable hydrodynamic energy, fetch, erosion rates, and slopes) affect the success of restored intertidal oyster reefs, as well as how fauna utilize restored reefs and forage along marsh habitats. We constructed oyster reefs along three marsh shoreline geomorphologies in May 2012: 1) “creek” (small‐fetch, gradual‐sloped shoreline), “ramp” (large‐fetch, gradual‐sloped shoreline), and “scarp” (large‐fetch, steep‐sloped shoreline). Following recruitment, oyster spat density was greatest on ramp reefs; however, 2 years later, the highest adult oyster densities were found on creek reefs. Total nekton and blue crab catch rates in trawl nets were highest in the creek, while piscivore catch rates in gill nets were highest along the scarp shoreline. We found no difference in predation on snails in the salt marsh behind constructed reef and nonconstructed reference sites, but there were more snails consumed in the creek shoreline, which corresponded with the distribution of their major predator—blue crabs. We conclude that oyster reef construction was most successful for oysters in small‐fetch, gradual‐sloped, creek environments. However, nekton abundance did not always follow the same trends as oyster density, which could suggest constructed reefs may offer similar habitat‐related functions (prey availability and refuge) already present along existing salt marsh borders.
SOTL: Adopting the AACU “Value Rubrics" to Develop Habits of Mind

Note: This talk is part of a single SoTL session that runs from 1-2:30pm in JC Room B and includes a series of "lightning talks" that are ~5 minutes each followed by a roundtable discussion about the projects and SoTL in general. This is a great session for those interested in learning the outcomes of SoTL efforts, those interested in how to start their own SoTL project, and for experienced researchers who are interested in learning about other approaches and methodologies. BRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION: The Association of American Colleges and Universities has created and made publicly available on the internet a wonderful set of 16 “VALUE rubrics”. Developed from the work of many faculty experts representing colleges and universities across the United States, these rubrics were designed to create a basic framework of expectations that can be of help in evaluating and discussing student learning. And they were designed to serve as a tool that that can be translated into the language of individual campuses, disciplines, programs and courses. They represent a significant untapped resource available for educators today. Faculty will be able to see the features of these rubrics that set them apart; where they can found on the internet and downloaded; and how they they can be modified to fit most any course or program. _______________________________________________________________ FULL ABSTRACT: The Association of American Colleges and Universities has created and made publicly available on the internet a wonderful set of 16 “VALUE rubrics”. Unfortunately, many faculty members do not know that they exist. Developed from the work of many faculty experts representing colleges and universities across the United States, these rubrics were designed to create a basic framework of expectations that can be of help in evaluating and discussing student learning. And they were designed to serve as a tool that that can be translated into the language of individual campuses, disciplines, programs and courses. They represent a significant untapped resource available for educators today. Faculty will be able to see the features of these rubrics that set them apart; where they can found on the internet and downloaded; and how they they can be modified to fit most any course or program.
Exact Model Reduction of the Generalized Lotka-Volterra Equations

Systems of interacting species, such as biological environments or chemical reactions, are often described mathematically by sets of coupled ordinary differential equations. While a large number $S$ of species may be involved in the coupled dynamics, often only $s < S$ species are of interest or of consequence. In this paper, I explore how to build reduced models that include only those given $s$ species, but still recreate the dynamics of the original $S$-species model. This type of model reduction does not yield a model that is computationally easier to solve. However, under some conditions this reduction can be completed exactly, such that the information in the reduced model is exactly the same as the original one, but over fewer equations.
Condition-Based Multiobjective Maintenance Decision Making for Highway Bridges Considering Risk Perceptions

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel optimal condition-based life-cycle highway bridge maintenance framework incorporating decision makers’ risk perceptions. The inspection and repair planning are f...
Abstract WP405: Automated Detection of Hemorrhagic Stroke From Non-Contrast Computed Tomography: A Machine Learning Approach

Introduction: Automated neuroimaging analysis is being used increasingly in the acute ischemic stroke (AIS) evaluation. However, current algorithms do not factor in an assessment of intracranial he...