cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling asphaltene precipitation in a compositional reservoir simulator using three-phase equilibrium

Abstract Predicting asphaltene precipitation and its deposition in the porous media is key in understanding costly productivity impairment caused by formation damage. This work presents the development and application of a compositional reservoir simulator including the effects of asphaltene precipitation on production. Precipitation from the liquid mixture occurs as its solubility is reduced either by changes in pressure (natural depletion), or by composition (mixing with another fluid, such as in gas injection). Our approach represents asphaltene as the dense liquid phase computed from a three-phase flash (vapor/liquid/liquid equilibrium VLLE) using the Peng Robinson equation of state. The multi-phase and multi-component reservoir simulator developed in this study uses a volume-based formulation, with pressures calculated implicitly and compositions explicitly (IMPESC approach). A cubic equation of state solves a three-phase flash to determine the number of phases co-existing in equilibrium. As asphaltene precipitates and deposits in the rock, the model dynamically calculates new porosities and permeabilities to represent the reduced pore space and effective flow path. We validated our model by matching experimental asphaltene precipitation data while predicting the expected phase behavior envelope and response to key thermodynamic variables (i.e. fluid composition, asphaltene molecular weight and its characterization in terms of pseudo critical properties). Previous modeling techniques were computationally inefficient, exhibit thermodynamic inconsistencies, and/or required special laboratory experiments to characterize the fluid. Our three-phase VLLE flash algorithm coupled with the reservoir model provides superior thermodynamic predictions compared to existing commercial techniques. This model offers the robustness and speed of a flash calculation while maintaining thermodynamic consistency, enabling efficient optimization of reservoir development strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of asphaltene precipitation on productivity.
Hopkins Syndrome with Mycoplasma Infection

A 3-year-old boy with acute flaccid paralysis of the right lower limb developing one week after treatment and recovery from an acute asthma attack is reported from the Department of Child Health, Milton Keynes General Hospital, UK.
BigDAWG polystore query optimization through semantic equivalences

A polystore system evaluates queries that span multiple disparate data models; this character introduces a unique query optimization challenge. Specialized database engines such as array and graph databases support partially overlapping sets of query processing operations. Among their common or similar semantics, different systems could have completely different performance profiles for the same query, making their relative usefulness vary from query to query. We hypothesize that a polystore system could exploit this context-dependent disparity of performance by making choices between executing a sub-query locally and migrating the inputs for remote executions. In this work, as part of the larger ISTC BigDAWG project, we examine the challenges of polystore query optimization through the lens of equivalent semantics among back-end databases.
Effect of weight history on ability to lose weight after a 6-month randomized controlled weight loss trial in overweight breast cancer survivors: The lifestyle, exercise, and nutrition (LEAN) study.

174 Background: Because obesity portends a higher risk of breast cancer mortality, achieving a healthy weight is recommended for breast cancer survivors. The impact of weight history on the ability...
Corporate Establishments’ Hierarchical and Geographic Position and Their Environmental Impacts

This article examines the relationship between the organizational characteristics of large firms’ corporate establishments and their environmental impacts. Specifically, I shed light on the hierarchical and geographic positions of corporate establishments in the company as large companies own their business operations at numerous locations and structure them as a multi-tiered hierarchical form. Using a sample of 71 chemical manufacturing companies and their more than 20,000 corporate establishments in the US, this article addresses three research questions: (1) How are the hierarchical and geographic positions of corporate establishments associated with the probability of carrying out pollution-generating industrial activities? (2) How are the hierarchical and geographic distances of manufacturing plants from headquarters related with the degrees of environmental pollution? and (3) How do the regulatory effects of state environmental policies vary depending on the relationship of manufacturing plants to t...
Size-Dependent Heating of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

The ability to generate heat under an alternating magnetic field (AMF) makes magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) an ideal heat source for biomedical applications including cancer thermoablative therapy, tissue preservation, and remote control of cell function. However, there is a lack of quantitative understanding of the mechanisms governing heat generation of MIONs, and the optimal nanoparticle size for magnetic fluid heating (MFH) applications. Here, we show that MIONs with large sizes (>20 nm) have a specific absorption rate (SAR) significantly higher than that predicted by the widely used linear theory of MFH. The heating efficiency of MIONs in both the superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic regimes increased with size, which can be accurately characterized with a modified dynamic hysteresis model. In particular, the 40 nm ferromagnetic nanoparticles have an SAR value approaching the theoretical limit under a clinically relevant AMF. An in vivo study further demonstrated that the 40 nm MIONs could ...
Toward understanding outcomes associated with data quality improvement

Abstract Business analytics is driving the way organizations compete. However, the decisions made as a result of any analytics process are greatly dependent on the quality of the data from which they are based. Scholars suggest several data quality improvement methods, and commercial software is now available that can help improve data quality. Although organizations are motivated to find ways to improve analytic capabilities and using these methods has been shown to improve some measures of data quality, there is little understanding of the tangible and intangible outcomes of employing these methods. In this study, we explore outcomes that arise from a data quality improvement process implementation in an operations management environment. Over a three-year period, we conducted a longitudinal single case study at an organization that maintains a large fleet of aircraft, collecting and analyzing qualitative interviews and observations. The findings suggest outcomes (both positive and cautionary) associated with the implementation of data quality improvement processes. These include increased stakeholder commitment to data quality and business analytics, as well as an over-emphasis on program metrics to the peril of operational outcomes, among others. From the basis of our findings, we construct a research agenda, which includes testable Propositions regarding outcomes of data quality improvement.
Mast Cell Disease Assessment by Flow Cytometric Analysis

Mast cells are present at a low frequency in bone marrow, rendering high-sensitivity multiparametric flow cytometric analysis an ideal method to assess antigen expression on mast cells. This article discusses the normal antigen expression profile of mast cells, established criteria to identify neoplastic mast cells, and new immunophenotypic markers and approaches to identify the presence of neoplastic mast cells in cases of mastocytosis.
Krankenhausrechnungswesen als Teil des Krankenhausinformationssystems

Kaufmannisches Rechnungswesen Offentliches Rechnungswesen oder kameralistisches Rechnungswesen Kombiniertes kaufmannisches und offentliches Rechnungswesen Erweiterte Kameralistik
A Rational-Emotive Model of Assessment

Rational-emotive therapy has always been presented as an active, directive, efficient form of psychotherapy (Ellis, 1957, 1962, 1985, 1989a). It is often described as a no-nonsense, no-cop-out form of therapy because it advocates forceful, active disputing, challenging and confronting clients’ irrational beliefs. An extensive RET literature has developed that explicates the theory (Bernard & DiGiuseppe, 1989; Ellis, 1962, 1973, 1985), specifies the application of RET to different populations and hypothesizes specific irrational beliefs likely to be held by various client populations (Ellis & Bernard, 1983, 1985; Ellis, McInerney, DiGiuseppe, & Yeager, 1988; Ellis, Sichel, DiMattia, Yeager, & DiGiuseppe, 1989), and details disputing strategies to be used with clients (Ellis, 1985; Ellis & Dryden, 1987).
Peirce’s Conception of Truth: A Framework for Naturalistic Epistemology?

This essay will address a dilemma in the foundations of naturalistic epistemology. As the title indicates, the focus will be on one of the great nineteenth-century founders of this interdisciplinary enterprise, to wit, Charles Peirce. I shall attempt to illustrate the dilemma by noting a certain ambiguity in Peirce’s thought; thereafter I shall outline, and discuss the viability of, what I take to be Peirce’s resolution of the dilemma.
Time-resolved Characterization of Polymer Phase Transitions

Recent advances in time-resolved scattering and spectroscopy have been reviewed with emphasis on their application to the characterization of the dynamical aspects of polymer phase transitions involving polymer relaxation, crystallization, phase separation, and ordering transitions in multicomponent polymers, and interplay among various processes. The time-dependent scattering method, often known as a real time approach, basically refers to the determination of the evolution of a static (elastic) structure factor as a function of elapsed time during phase transitions under quiescent conditions and/or subjected to flow or deformation.
DIFFERENCE IN MITRAL VALVE MORPHOLOGY BETWEEN ECCENTRIC AND CENTRAL ATRIAL FUNCTIONAL MITRAL REGURGITATION: ITS EFFECT ON PERCUTANEOUS EDGE-TO-EDGE REPAIR

Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) caused by left atrial (LA) enlargement in patients with atrial fibrillation and without left ventricular (LV) dysfunction or remodeling has been recently recognized. We sought to characterize mitral valve morphology in patients with eccentric and central
A second look at the Gaussian semiclassical soliton ensemble for the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation

Abstract We study the Gaussian semiclassical soliton ensemble, a collection of multisoliton solutions of the focusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The ensemble is generated by adding a particular asymptotically vanishing sequence of perturbations to Gaussian initial data. Recent results (Lee et al., 2012) [21] suggest that, remarkably, these perturbations — interlaced as they are with the integrable structure of the equation — do not excite the acute modulational instabilities known to be present in the semiclassical regime. Our results here highlight the exceptional nature of these perturbations and provide new insight into the sensitivity properties of the related semiclassical limit problem.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXCHANGE OF BRAIN CALCIUM IN VIVO IN THE RAT

Calcium exhibits a heterogenous distribution among the various brain areas studied. The pituitary gland contains 25.97 meq./kg of wet tissue, followed by the pons containing 9.91 meq. and the hypothalamus 5.35 meq. The calcium content in the other areas is as follows: 4.23 meq. in medulla, 4.0 meq. in cerebral white matter, 3.60 meq. in cerebellum and about 3.0 meq./kg of wet tissue in the cerebral cortex. No difference in calcium concentration was found between the right and left corresponding brain areas.
The Fund Agreement in the Courts: XVII

En este articulo se examinan dos casos relacionados con el muy litigado Articulo VIII, Seccion 2 b) del Convenio Constitutivo del Fondo, conforme al cual, de demandarse judicialmente la ejecucion o indemnizacion por incumplimiento de un contrato de cambio, que comprenda la moneda de un pais miembro del Fondo, contrario a las disposiciones de control de cambios adoptadas por ese pais de conformidad con el Convenio Constitutivo, los tribunales de otros paises miembros deberan abstenerse de ordenar la ejecucion del contrato o de adjudicar danos y perjuicios por incumplimiento. El significado de practicamente cada uno de los aspectos de la disposicion ha sido litigado en numerosos paises. En Inglaterra, el Tribunal de Apelaciones ha interpretado restrictivamente como contratos de cambio los que tienen por objeto la venta de una moneda por otra, pero ha expresado una reserva por la que se incluyen en esa categoria otros contratos si estos son transacciones monetarias encubiertas. En un caso fallado recientemente el Tribunal de Apelaciones determino que habia una transaccion monetaria encubierta por haberse recargado los precios de factura en la moneda de pago, pero la importancia del caso radica en que decide por primera vez, posiblemente antes que en ningun otro pais, la relacion entre el Articulo VIII, Seccion 2 b) y las cartas de credito irrevocables. En interes del comercio el principio fundamental ha sido que la carta de credito es distinta de la transaccion que le da origen y es exigible contra el banco confirmante, aunque haya diferencias entre las partes de esa transaccion. La unica excepcion a este principio ha sido la de fraude en la transaccion original para no facilitar sino el comercio de buena fe. En el caso que se examina, el punto discutido era si existe otra excepcion cuando se cumplen las condiciones del Articulo VIII, Seccion 2 b) y la excepcion de fraude no es aplicable. El Tribunal de Apelaciones sostuvo que existe esta segunda excepcion. El otro caso que se examina en el articulo, fallado por la Suprema Corte de los Paises Bajos, plantea la cuestion poco usual de la aplicacion del Articulo VIII, Seccion 2 b) por los tribunales de una region del Reino a un contrato contrario a las disposiciones de otra region que habia pasado a ser independiente despues de celebrado el contrato, pero antes de iniciarse la accion.
MicroRNA miR-155 ist ein Biomaker früher Formen des Pankreaskarzinoms

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) are non-invasive precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer (PC), which originate in ductal cells and can be macroscopically identified. These lesions can be classified in IPMN-adenoma, moderate dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. The differentiation of the IPMN epithelium correlates- besides the histological grading- with the potential for the development of PC. Differences in miRNA expression, small, highly conserved RNAs of 18–24 bp length, have been extensively examined in PC. In contrast, changes in miRNA expression in precursor lesions of PC have not been demonstrated thus far. In this study, we demonstrate miRNA expression differences in PC precursor lesions for the first time and evaluate the potential of those miRNAs as biomarkers of early pancreatic neoplasia. Material and Methods: Relative expression levels of 12 miRNAs, which elevated expression levels in PC have previously been identified, were examined using qRT-PCR on microdissected epithelium of 15 non-invasive IPMN and matched normal tissue. Two highly expressed miRNAs, miR-155 and miR-21, have been further evaluated using locked nucleic acid in-situ-hybridization (LNA-ISH) on 64 archival IPMN (tissue microarrays). Furthermore, the expression of miR-155 and miR-21 in pancreatic juice of 10 resected and confirmed patients with IPMN and 5 patients with non-neoplastic pancreatic diseases has been examined. Results: Ten out of 12 miRNAs revealed significantly higher expression levels when compared to the matched normals (p<0.05), in which miR-155 (11.6 fold) and miR-21 (12.1 fold) demonstrated the highest expression differences. LNA-ISH verified the expression of miR-155 in 53 out of 64 (83%) IPMNs, whereas only 4 out of 54 (7%) normal ducts revealed miR-155 expression. Expression of miR-21 could be identified in 52 out of 64 (81%) IPMNs. Only one sample out of 54 normal ducts revealed miR-21 expression. Furthermore, higher expression levels of miR-155 could be identified in 6 out of 10 (60) IPMN-pancreatic juice samples using qRT-PCR, whereas no miR-155 expression could be detected in the control group. Conclusion: We were able to demonstrate for the first time that differences in miRNA expression occur not only in PC but also in precursor lesions, exhibiting one mechanism of multistep progression of PC. Furthermore, we were able to prove that miRNA expression patterns, especially miR-155, reveal a potential as biomarkers for the early detection of PC.
Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presentation and Outcome: A National Perspective:

Background:examine presentation and outcomes of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods:A retrospective study utilizing the National Cancer Database, 2004 to 2015. The study population incl...
Scanning Laser Source Technique and its Application to Turbine Disk Inspection

Laser-based ultrasonic (LBU) techniques provide a number of advantages over conventional ultrasonic methods such as higher spatial resolution, non-contact generation and detection of ultrasonic waves, and ability to operate on curved and rough surfaces [1]. In earlier papers, the present authors have described fiberized tunable laser ultrasonic sources [2,3], and fiber-optic heterodyne and Sagnac interferometers for detection of ultrasound [4,5]. In this paper we present a new laser based technique--Scanning Laser Source (SLS) technique--for the detection of small surface-breaking cracks on rough and curved surfaces. This technique allows detection of flaws by monitoring the variations of ultrasonic amplitude and frequency (flaw signature) as the laser ultrasonic source is scanned across the object and passes over any defects. Typical flaw signatures for different kinds of surface breaking defects are obtained. The results of application of the SLS technique for inspection of a turbine disk are presented.
The oxidative effects of a dapson derivative on normal and chronic granulomatous disease polymorphonuclear function

To evaluate the potential use of dapsone (4-diaminodiphenyl sulfone), to restore oxidative metabolism and bactericidal potency to polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), the active derivative of dapsone, 4-amino-4′-hydroxylaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS-NOH) was evaluated for its ability to generate reduced products of oxygen. In a cell free system, DDS-NOH reduced the redox dye, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and the reaction was ablated by superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme specific for inhibiting superoxide anion mediated reactions. Addition of catalase, a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and sodium benzoate or mannitol, both scavengers of hydroxyl radical, had no effect on the reduction of NBT by DDS-NOH. In an acellular system, high concentrations of DDS-NOH were bactericidal forStaphylococcus aureus 502A and the effect was enhanced by SOD. Catalase, but not benzoate or the singlet oxygen scavenger, beta carotene, eliminated the bactericidal effect of DDS-NOH in the presence of SOD. Incubation of CGD PMNs with 0.2 and 1.0mM DDS-NOH for 30 minutes improved the rate of glucose-1-14C oxidation and the rate of iodination of ingested zymosan particles to activities observed in control leukocytes. However, the bactericidal response was only partially restored. Washed leukocytes previously incubated with DDS-NOH failed to show enhancement of bactericidal activity in CGD PMN supporting the idea that DDS-NOH does not enter the cell. Exposure of normal and CGD PMN to 0.02mM DDS-NOH promoted capping of Concanavalin A (Con A) on the plasma membrane and improved the translocation of the granular enzyme, myeloperoxidase into phagocytic vesicles. Both responses depend upon the disassembly of cytoplasmic microtubules confirmed directly by3H colchicine binding. These studies indicate that DDS-NOH generates superoxide anion and H2O2 which are bactericidal but the oxidative properties of DDS-NOH are toxic toward the sulfhydryl containing microtubules allowing only partial restoration of CGD PMN phagocytic function.
Analysis of Admission and Program Variables as Predictors of the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination.

Objective. Understanding student characteristics and risk factors for North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) performance may help colleges and schools of pharmacy (C/SOPs) target limited resources. This study aimed to evaluate two sets of Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) student variables for their effect on NAPLEX performance. Methods. Data were collected from five C/SOPs over three years (2016-18). Relationships between variables were first examined with bivariate correlations, followed by a series of multiple regressions using a structural equation modeling approach. Two sets of analyses were conducted using the outcome variable of NAPLEX scaled score; the first set examined variables at admission to the program while the second set examined performance variables during the PharmD program. Results. Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes Assessment (PCOA) area scores had the highest bivariate correlation with NAPLEX score; Area 4 and Area 2 had the strongest correlations. Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) subtest scores were significant but had smaller correlations. Admissions variables of incoming science grade point average (GPA) and PCAT area scores were significant predictors of NAPLEX, but these were entered in separate models as they explained the same variance (each approximately 15%). PharmD performance variables of PCOA area scores and GPA before Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (pre-APPE GPA) were significant predictors and explained about 25% of the variance in NAPLEX scores. Conclusion. PCOA area scores and pre-APPE GPA were significant predictors of NAPLEX scores. Information in this study can be used by C/SOPs to efficiently target support services to students for enhanced NAPLEX performance.
Management of Sudden Death Risk Related to Cardiac Sarcoidosis

The most feared complication of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is sudden cardiac death (SCD) resulting from ventricular arrhythmias. SCD accounts for 30–65 % of deaths in sarcoidosis and may be its first manifestation. Once cardiac involvement is suspected or identified, efforts should be made to further stratify a patient’s risk of sudden cardiac death by some combination of ECG, electrophysiologic testing, echocardiogram, and advanced imaging. In addition to a LVEF ≤ 35 %, high risk features such as need for permanent pacing, mild to moderately reduced LV systolic function (LVEF 36–49 %) or reduced RV systolic function (RVEF <40 %), or inducible VT by EP study are indications for ICD implantation. Patients should be followed closely over time as those without initial indications of cardiac involvement or need for ICD may develop such in the future. This chapter will focus on the role of the ICD in CS in addition to risk stratification in those at risk for SCD with CS.
WE-B-304-00: Point/Counterpoint: Biological Dose Optimization

The ultimate goal of radiotherapy treatment planning is to find a treatment that will yield a high tumor control probability (TCP) with an acceptable normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). Yet most treatment planning today is not based upon optimization of TCPs and NTCPs, but rather upon meeting physical dose and volume constraints defined by the planner. It has been suggested that treatment planning evaluation and optimization would be more effective if they were biologically and not dose/volume based, and this is the claim debated in this month’s Point/Counterpoint. After a brief overview of biologically and DVH based treatment planning by the Moderator Colin Orton, Joseph Deasy (for biological planning) and Charles Mayo (against biological planning) will begin the debate. Some of the arguments in support of biological planning include: • this will result in more effective dose distributions for many patients • DVH-based measures of plan quality are known to have little predictive value • there is little evidence that either D95 or D98 of the PTV is a good predictor of tumor control • sufficient validated outcome prediction models are now becoming available and should be used to drive planning and optimization • Some of the arguments against biological planning include: • several decades of experience with DVH-based planning should not be discarded • we do not know enough about the reliability and errors associated with biological models • the radiotherapy community in general has little direct experience with side by side comparisons of DVH vs biological metrics and outcomes • it is unlikely that a clinician would accept extremely cold regions in a CTV or hot regions in a PTV, despite having acceptable TCP values Learning Objectives: 1. To understand dose/volume based treatment planning and its potential limitations 2. To understand biological metrics such as EUD, TCP, and NTCP 3. To understand biologically based treatment planning and its potential limitations
Building Multiple Regression Models

Explanatory multiple regression models are used to accomplish two complementary goals: identification of key drivers of performance and prediction of performance under alternative scenarios. The variables selected affect both the explanatory accuracy and power of models, as well as forecasting precision. In this chapter, the focus is on variable selection, the first step in the process used to build powerful and accurate multiple regression models.
Release sites and calcium channels in hair cells of the chick's cochlea.

Rapid transmitter release at synapses depends on the close proximity of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). In mechanosensory hair cells of the vertebrate inner ear, dihydropyridine-sensitive VGCCs may be preferentially expressed at release sites to support transmitter release. In support of this hypothesis we have found that whole-cell current through VGCCs covaried with afferent innervation density among hair cells of the chick’s basilar papilla (the avian analog of the mammalian Organ of Corti). The size as well as number of presynaptic dense bodies (PDBs) around which transmitter vesicles cluster varied systematically among equivalent populations of hair cells examined with electron microscopy. The total number of VGCCs was correlated with total release area (PDB cross-sectional area × the number of PDBs) among neurally located (tall) hair cells. Abneural, short hair cells with little or no afferent contact expressed a low number of VGCCs independent of release area. The implication is that hair cells augment calcium channel expression by adding release sites and by making release sites larger. This suggests further that aspects of hair cell excitability, such as electrical tuning, could depend on the synaptic architecture of each cell.
Three-dimensional spatial selectivity of hippocampal neurons during space flight

‘Place’ cells of the hippocampus and ‘head-direction’ (HD) cells of the thalamus and limbic cortex derive their spatial and directional specificity from a combination of idiothetic (self-motion) cues and external landmarks, which normally reinforce each other to generate a robust neural code for location and direction1. In weightlessness, however, three-dimensional navigation can cause the idiothetic and landmark cues to conflict. Nonetheless, neural recordings on the space shuttle demonstrated that the hippocampus can create a robust spatial code for three orthogonal surfaces in the weightless environment of space flight.
Fault-tolerant routing analysis of two classes of multistage interconnection networks

In this paper, we present an experimental and theoretical analysis of the dynamic-full-access property for two classes of multistage interconnection networks (MIN's). For the first class of MIN's, simulation results show that the critical fault sets with respect to the property of dynamic-full-access with fixed control values (DFA-FC), are exactly those critical with respect to the property of dynamic-full-access with changeable control values (DFA-CC). For the same class, we present a formal proof of this observation for a large class of critical fault sets. For the second class of MIN's, namely the butterfly networks, the simulation results show that this type of MIN's has the same critical fault sets with respect to either one of the two preceding properties.
Reduced Order Simulations

In this paper singular perturbation is used to obtain reduced order realtime simulation methods. Adams-Bashforth methods and Matrix Stability Region Placement integrators are considered. It is shown that Adams-Bashforth methods reduce to Euler's integration technique while Matrix Stability Region Placement integrators reduce to a Zero Order Hold. stability regions of the integrators obtained in the reduction process are also given.
The Death and Burial of “Sick” Products:

Products, like men, are mortal. They flourish for a time, then decline and die.While the death of a man is catastrophic in the sense that it occurs at a specific point in time, that of a product te...
Interaction of mathematical modeling and social and behavioral HIV/AIDS research.

Abstract 1. Purpose of review— HIV is transmitted within complex biobehavioral systems.Mathematical modeling can provide insight to complex population-level outcomes of variousbehaviors measured at an individual-level. 2. Recent findings— HIV models in the social and behavioral sciences can be categorized in anumber of ways; here, we consider two classes of applications common in the field generally, andin the last year in particular: (1) those that explore significant behavioral determinants of HIVdisparities within and between populations; and (2) those that seek to evaluate the potential impactof specific social and behavioral interventions. 3. Summary— We discuss two overarching issues we see in the field: the need to furthersystematize effectiveness models of behavioral interventions, and the need for increasinginvestigation of the use of behavioral data in epidemic models. We believe that a recent initiativeby the National Institutes of Health (NIH) will qualitatively change the relationships betweenepidemic modeling and sociobehavioral prevention research in the coming years.
Radiographic contrast media-induced noncardiogenic pulmonary edema: Case report and review of the literature

Adverse reactions are a frequent complication of exposure to radiographic contrast media (RCM). These reactions are most often anaphylactoid in nature and are characterized by the occurrence of urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, and shock. In patients who have had an anaphylactoid reaction to RCM and in whom reexposure is indicated, various pretreatment protocols have been developed to mitigate the risk for recurrence. We report the case of a 46-year-old man who, while undergoing cardiac catheterization, developed noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. This is the first reported case of the occurrence of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema secondary to RCM documented with Swan-Ganz data. In addition, our patient developed noncardiogenic pulmonary edema despite pretreatment with prednisone and diphenhydramine, administered because of a past history of a similar reaction. Potential mechanisms for such a reaction are discussed.
Class of smooth nonseparable N-dimensional scaling functions

Wavelets of compact support are an important tool in many areas of signal analysis. A starting point for the construction of such wavelets is the scaling function, the solution of the dilation equation. We study the dilation equation (phi) (X) equals (Sigma) KCK(phi )(2X-K) where K (epsilon) {0...m}N, (phi) :RN yields R, CK (epsilon) R. This paper gives a set of sufficient conditions on CK under which the solution of the dilation equation has a specific degree of regularity. We will construct (phi) through infinite products of 2N associated matrices with entries in terms of CK. The conditions for regularity are based on certain sum rules that triangularize all of the associated matrices and on certain inequalities that control the eigenvalues of the matrices. The net effect of the sum rules is to specify the coefficients CK in terms of a binomial interpolation of their values at the corners of the N-cube, {0,m}N. The inequalities are based on sums of the coefficients at the corners of the various faces of the N-cube. The number of derivatives that (phi) possesses and the Holder exponent of the last derivative can be determined for the sums.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Uterine fluid and prolactin secretion in the ovulating cynomolgus monkey

Immunoreactive prolactin is produced by late secretory human endometrium in vitro. Human myometrium in explant culture also produces prolactin. A primate model with the use of the cynomolgus monkey is described that allowed repeated samplings of uterine secretions in vivo. The uterine secretory prolactin thus measured appears immunoreactively similar to human serum prolactin, and the pattern of secretions reflects the previously described pattern of endometrial prolactin production in vitro.
Concept of Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order and the Quantum Phases of Liquid He and of Superconductors

This review is concerned with the concept that in a many-body system of bosons or fermions, it is possible to have an off-diagonai long-range order of the reduced density matrices in the coordinate space representation. The onset of such an order ieads to a new thermodynamic phase of the system. It is reasonabie to assume that superfluid He II and the superconductors are phases characterized by the existence of such an order. (W.D.M.)
Polo-box domain: a versatile mediator of polo-like kinase function

Members of the polo subfamily of protein kinases have emerged as important regulators in diverse aspects of the cell cycle and cell proliferation. A large body of evidence suggests that a highly conserved polo-box domain (PBD) present in the C-terminal non-catalytic region of polo kinases plays a pivotal role in the function of these enzymes. Recent advances in our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying mammalian polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1)-dependent protein-protein interactions revealed that the PBD serves as an essential molecular mediator that brings the kinase domain of Plk1 into proximity with its substrates, mainly through phospho-dependent interactions with its target proteins. In this review, current understanding of the structure and functions of PBD, mode of PBD-dependent interactions and substrate phosphorylation, and other phospho-independent functions of PBD are discussed.
Localization of calbindin-D28K in calcitonin containing cells of chick ultimobranchial glands.

Specific antisera raised against calbindin-D28K (CaBP), the vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein from chick intestine, was used to localize the protein in chick ultimobranchial glands (UB glands) by the peroxidase-antiperoxi-dase technique. CaBP was localized in secretory cells in the cell cords and in a few cells of the epithelium lining the follicles. It was not found in the fibroblastlike cells in the cell cords nor in islands of parathyroid tissue present in the UB gland. The immunomarker for CaBP was distributed throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus of the secretory cells. The same cells demonstrated a positive reaction in their cytoplasm when reacted with an antiserum specific for salmon calcitonin (CT), thus confirming the presence of CaBP and CT in the same UB-gland secretory cells. In other tissues, the presence of CaBP is regarded as an end-organ marker for actions of the vitamin D endocrine system. This novel demonstration of CaBP in UB-gland cells responsible for secretion of calcitonin suggests a direct effect of the vitamin D endocrine system on those cells in addition to an indirect effect through the stimulation produced by elevated circulating calcium levels.
Energy demand and interfuel substitution in the transportation sector

Abstract The analysis in this paper is directed at examining the effect of energy prices on the quantity of energy demanded in the transportation sector in the United States. For motor gasoline, the suggestion is that vehicle miles travelled as well as the stock of automobiles respond to changing motor gasoline prices. For other fuels consumed in this sector, the quantity of energy consumed does respond to energy prices as well as the level of economic activity. The magnitude of the response is typically small.
Normalization of the Hamiltonian Near L 4 for Small Values of μ

Periodic orbits in the circular restricted problem of three bodies near L 4 have been studied extensively. We revisit the problem with the help of the versal normal of Arnold in order to give an analysis which remains valid when μ → 0.
The role of complex formation in the neurotoxicity of crotoxin components A and B

Abstract Crotoxin can be reconstituted from its two protein components in a physical form resembling the native neurotoxin. Through use of radioactive labels, crotoxin can be shown to form the complex even in quite dilute solution (0.03 mg per ml), although both native and reconstituted crotoxin are under such conditions susceptible to dissociation by electrophoresis. Various indications were obtained that the biological synergism of components A and B is not dependent on physical complex formation. It actually appears probable that the complex would be dissociated at the extreme dilution occurring within the test animal. Studies of the killing rate of crotoxin, as compared to α and β bungarotoxin, indicated an intermediate behavior.
Management of neonatal endocrinopathies - Best practice guidelines

Neonatal emergencies are uncommon, but may lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not recognised and managed promptly. Disorders of sex development, hypoglycaemia, thyrotoxicosis and calcium balance are discussed, with emphasis on the clinical assessment, investigations and management of these disorders in the acute setting.
Resource defence, monopolization and variation of fitness in groups of female Japanese medaka depend on the synchrony of food arrival

Abstract The predictions that a decrease in the synchrony of food arrival leads to an increase in aggression, resource monopolization and, ultimately, variation in fitness within groups were tested. Groups of four female medaka, Oryzias latipes, were allowed to compete over a 2-week period for prey (Artemia sp.)_that arrived either synchronously (every 5 s) or asynchronously (ever 60 s). As predicted, both the monopolization of food and the frequency of aggression were higher when food arrived asynchronously than when it arrived synchronously. Fitness of individual fish was measured as the number of eggs spawned, growth, and surplus power, the sum of the energy allocated to eggs and growth. Variation of within-group fitness was greater in the asynchronous treatment than in the synchronous treatment when measured by growth and surplus power, but not by number of eggs. The frequency of aggression by an individual was positively correlated with feeding success and ultimately to fitness in the asynchronous treatment but was not correlated with either in the synchronous treatment. These results suggest that food was economically defendable only in the asynchronous treatment.
Changes in heart and skeletal muscle cytrochrome oxidase activity during anaerobiosis in the freshwater tutrle Pseudemys scripta elegans

1. 1. Changes in cytochrome oxidase activities following prolonged oxygen depletion induced by a maintained underwater “drive” were investigated in the pond turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans). 2. 2. A marked decrease in both heart and skeletal muscle cytochrome oxidase activity was seen following 48 hr of total anaerobiosis. Heart: Control = 4·05 ± 0·86; diving = 3·07 ± 0·74; P = < 0·05. Skeletal muscle: Control = 0·90 ± 0·24; diving = 0·44 ± 0·13; P < 0·01. 3. 3. This decrease may be a consequence of a need for molecualr oxygen in porphyrin biosynthesis, may subserve increased metabolic efficiency, or may be a reflection of the lowered (zero) mitochondrial oxgyen consumption.
Tissue Selective Estrogen Complexes (TSECs) and the Future of Menopausal Therapy

As women age and enter menopause, the decline of ovarian function and the consequent decrease in the circulating levels of estrogens leads to the manifestation of a number of undesirable physiological alterations such as osteoporosis, altered lipid profile, vasomotor instability, vaginal atrophy, and an increased incidence of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neural disorders. Hormone replacement therapy traditionally consisted of the administration of estrogens in conjunction with progestins. The estrogens were thought to be effective in reversing or inhibiting the adverse changes that occur in menopause. Progestins were added solely to inhibit the adverse endometrial effects, including hyperplasia and cancer, observed with estrogen administration alone. However, progestin administration has also been reported to be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The controversy surrounding the benefits and risks associated with hormone replacement therapy and the goal of developing a successful therapy devoid of unwanted side effects emphasized the need for alternatives to progestins, which are likely to be responsible for most of the adverse effects of hormone therapy. Appropriately, the discovery of a new class of compounds, the tissue selective estrogen complexes (TSECs) that pair selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) with one or more estrogens to achieve unique estrogen receptor properties that are tissue specific, seems to be the perfect finding for this quest. The SERMs are able to activate or inhibit the activity of estrogen receptors, depending on the tissue targeted, due to their ability to recruit specific comodulator proteins. Since there are known SERMs with concomitant antagonist activity in the uterus and mammary glands and agonist activity in bone and most likely liver, their clinical use to treat menopausal undesired health effects seems appropriate. Unfortunately, SERMs alone cannot counteract the vasomotor instability that comes with decreased ovarian function and therefore do not completely fulfill the therapeutic needs. Thus, the introduction of a new concept for treatment based on the combined use of estrogens and SERMs, the TSECs, allows the achievement of a more favorable clinical profile than either therapy alone. The appropriate pairing of an estrogen and an SERM allows endometrial protection with effective action for other menopausal indications, by exploring the beneficial effects of estrogens while blocking its undesired actions through the SERMs. Although not just any estrogen/SERM combination will provide the anticipated outcome, recent work has shown that a TSEC containing bazedoxifene and conjugated estrogens was able to prevent bone loss and to reduce total cholesterol without uterine stimulation, while its clinical trials demonstrated its efficacy in preventing vasomotor instability. These exciting results suggest that TSECS will be on the forefront of menopausal therapy by defeating its detrimental symptoms, constituting a novel and promising approach for hormone replacement therapy.
Software-controlled fault tolerance

Traditional fault-tolerance techniques typically utilize resources ineffectively because they cannot adapt to the changing reliability and performance demands of a system. This paper proposes software-controlled fault tolerance, a concept allowing designers and users to tailor their performance and reliability for each situation. Several software-controllable fault-detection techniques are then presented: SWIFT, a software-only technique, and CRAFT, a suite of hybrid hardware/software techniques. Finally, the paper introduces PROFiT, a technique which adjusts the level of protection and performance at fine granularities through software control. When coupled with software-controllable techniques like SWIFT and CRAFT, PROFiT offers attractive and novel reliability options.
Electrochemical fabrication of large-area Au/TiO2 junctions

Electrically continuous Au thin films were prepared on polycrystalline TiO2 by pulsed galvanostatic electrodeposition. Largearea electrically continuous films 10-30 nm in thickness and approximately 0.25 cm2 in area were created using a series of 5 ms bipolar current pulses. The film morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) which showed a network of interconnected Au islands. The electrical properties of the resulting Schottky junction were also investigated and the conduction was found to deviate considerably from ideal thermionic emission. The effective barriers were higher than in Au/TiO2 junctions prepared by electron beam evaporation.
Age at earliest reported memory: associations with personality traits, behavioral health, and repression.

The present study examined relationships between the age at earliest memory and the personality traits and behavioral health of 107 undergraduates. Participants answered questions on their earliest memory and completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and a medical history form. Analyses indicated that continuous scores on two MBTI scales (Sensing-Intuition and Judging-Perceiving) were inversely related to age at earliest memory as were participant's self-reported drug and alcohol problems, emotional and psychological symptoms, accident rates, physical symptoms, and satisfaction with health. Respondents who reported first memories at or after 7 years of age (i.e., approximately 1 SD above the mean age at recalled memory) were classified as repressors. Repressors scored in the Sensing and Judging directions on the MBTI and reported significantly fewer emotional symptoms, accidents, psychological symptoms, and less health satisfaction than nonrepressors. Results are consistent with the age at earliest memory and repression literature and support the use of earliest memory age as an index of repression.
A comparison of intracardiac ARFI and SWI for imaging radiofrequency ablation lesions

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is commonly used to treat cardiac arrhythmias, by generating a contiguous series of discrete radiofrequency ablation (RFA) lesions in the myocardium to destroy or isolate arrhythmogenic conduction pathways. The size of each lesion is controlled by the duration and power of the delivered RF energy, and by the temperature of the tissue at the surface, but feedback on the extent and transmurality of the generated lesion are unavailable with current technology. Intracardiac Echocardiography (ICE) may provide a solution through Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging or Shear Wave Imaging (SWI), which each generate images of local mechanical compliance from very small ultrasonically-induced waves. This work compares ARFI and SWI in an ex vivo experiment for lesion boundary assessment and lesion gap resolution.
What is in the brain soup

Oldham et al. present a systematic analysis of gene coexpression relationships in specific human brain regions with the goal of identifying groups of genes with common coexpression patterns. The study used the inherent structure of the brain's transcriptome to find data-driven organizational patterns rather than rely on external classification systems.
TiAl formation by mechanical alloying

Abstract Formation of equiatomic TiAl has been achieved through mechanical alloying of powders of two brittle compounds Al 3 Ti and TiH 2 . The influence of milling time, compaction of the powder by hot isostatic pressing, and elevated temperature exposure on the species and proportion of phases formed has been determined. X-ray diffraction techniques have been extensively used to characterize the phases present.