cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disfluency rates and patterns of stutterers and nonstutterers

Abstract Comparisons were made between the proportions of each disfluency type in the total disfluencies of Low and High disfluent grade school stutterers and nonstutterers. Significant differences were found between the two groups of stutterers but not between the two groups of nonstutterers.
Obstetric technologies: what determines clinical acceptance or rejection of results of randomized controlled trials?

Abstract Objective: The acceptance or rejection of obstetric technologies in clinical practice is not always based on the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In this study, possible reasons for this discordance are examined. Study Design: Eleven technologies introduced over the past 30 years were examined. RCT results were determined from the published literature, with emphasis on meta-analyses and the Cochrane reviews. Results were graded for quality of evidence (I-III) and strength of recommendations (A-E) on the basis of criteria adopted by the United States Preventive Services Task Force. Clinical use was based on data from the literature, or when this was lacking, on an estimate, and graded + to +++ or – to – – –, based on degree of acceptance or rejection. Results: There was concordance of results with midtrimester ultrasound (US) imaging, home uterine activity monitoring (HUAM), Doppler velocimetry in high-risk pregnancy, short-term tocolysis, single-course antenatal corticosteroids (BMZ), thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH), and fetal fibronectin (fFN). There was discordance of results with fetal heart rate monitoring (FHRM), fetal blood sampling (FBS), US imaging in late pregnancy, Doppler velocimetry in low-risk pregnancy, and tocolysis beyond 7 days. In several cases there are published RCTs, but clinical acceptance is still evolving (multiple course BMZ, pulse oximetry, and electrocardiogram ST-segment analysis). Conclusion: These observations suggest that technologies which are simple to apply, and have a single endpoint, show concordance between RCT results and clinical use (HUAM, short-term tocolysis, single-course BMZ, TRH, and fFN). Those that are complex to apply (FBS), or interpret (FHRM), and/or do not have a single clear end point (FHRM, Doppler), or have results that are of great personal interest to the patient (FHRM, US imaging, long-term tocolysis), are more likely to show discordance. In several cases despite published RCTs, clinical acceptance or rejection is still evolving (multiple course BMZ, pulse oximetry, and electrocardiogram ST-segment analysis). These inconsistent relationships suggest that the decision-making processes of obstetric providers and patients would be a fruitful area of investigation. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:1622-8.)
The Acyl-CoA Synthetase “Bubblegum” (Lipidosin) FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION AND ROLE IN NEURONAL FATTY ACID β-OXIDATION

Abstract Acyl-CoA synthetases play a pivotal role in fatty acid metabolism, providing activated substrates for fatty acid catabolic and anabolic pathways. Acyl-CoA synthetases comprise numerous proteins with diverse substrate specificities, tissue expression patterns, and subcellular localizations, suggesting that each enzyme directs fatty acids toward a specific metabolic fate. We reported that hBG1, the human homolog of the acyl-CoA synthetase mutated in the Drosophila mutant “bubblegum,” belongs to a previously unidentified enzyme family and is capable of activating both long- and very long-chain fatty acid substrates. We now report that when overexpressed, hBG1 can activate diverse saturated, monosaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we detected expression of mBG1, the mouse homolog of hBG1, in cerebral cortical and cerebellar neurons and in steroidogenic cells of the adrenal gland, testis, and ovary. The expression pattern and ability of BG1 to activate very long-chain fatty acids implicates this enzyme in the pathogenesis of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. In neuron-derived Neuro2a cells, mBG1 co-sedimented with mitochondria and was found in small vesicular structures located in close proximity to mitochondria. RNA interference was used to decrease mBG1 expression in Neuro2a cells and led to a 30-35% decrease in activation and β-oxidation of the long-chain fatty acid, palmitate. These results suggest that in Neuro2a cells, mBG1-activated long-chain fatty acids are directed toward mitochondrial degradation. mBG1 appears to play a minor role in very long-chain fatty acid activation in these cells, indicating that other acyl-CoA synthetases are necessary for very long-chain fatty acid metabolism in Neuro2a cells.
The clavicle: a vulnerable bone in pediatric oncology.

The clavicle is frequently incorporated into the radiation field in the treatment of malignant tumors located in the head and neck. From 1954 to 1995, 499 pediatric patients were treated with moderate to high-dose radiation therapy to the head and neck at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. The medical records of 312 of these patients were available and were reviewed. The period of observation ranged from 5 to 30 years. Five late radiation-induced abnormalities of the clavicle were encountered: osteosarcoma; osteochondroma; malignant fibrous histiocytoma; radionecrosis and impaired healing following trauma and radionecrosis and lysis. The doses of radiation therapy which induced the abnormalities varied from 35 to 60.5 Gy (median 34.75 Gy). The interval from radiation therapy to discovery of the complications varied from 6 to 11 years. Two patients died: one from malignant fibrous histiocytoma and another from a radiation-induced meningioma of the brain (which accompanied radionecrosis of the clavicle). We conclude that the incidence of radiation-induced abnormalities of the clavicle in pediatric long-term survivors is low (1.5%). However, some of the late sequela are potentially fatal. The clavicle should be considered a vulnerable bone to radiation therapy and should be monitored in long-term survivors of childhood cancer. The experience is compared to radiation-induced abnormalities recorded in the literature.
Delayed luminescence of organic mixed Crystals. IV. Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Phenomena

Abstract The phenomenon of triplet-triplet annihilation in the following mixed crystal systems is discussed: phenanthrene-h10 in biphenyl, phenanthrene-d10 in biphenyl, naphthalene-h8 in biphenyl, naphthalene-d8 in biphenyl and chrysene in biphenyl. The kinetics of the phenomenon are elaborated, particular attention being paid to tthe effects of (i) host-guest triplet energy gaps; (ii) random walk of triplet host excitons; and (iii) the influence of adventitious impurity or host crystalline defects. The topics discussed and concerning which experimental information is presented are: (a) the decay behavior of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence; (b) the temperature dependence of the above decays; (c) the growth characteristics of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence; (d) the temperature dependence of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence intensities; (e) the concentration dependence of delayed fluorescence intensity; and (f) the incident intensity dependence of phosphorescence and delayed fluor...
Utility profits, fiscal illusion, and local public expenditures

The main purpose of this paper has been to examine, theoretically and empirically, the effects of internal subsidization by municipal utilities on local public expenditures and tax burdens. The hypothesis was deduced that internal subsidization severs the link between public benefits received and taxes paid, creating a fiscal illusion that induces consumer-taxpayers to underestimate the actual cost of government. This in turn would lead to larger expenditure levels than would otherwise be forthcoming. This hypothesis was tested statistically with a sample of fifty-two municipalities in the state of New York which use utility profits to subsidize the general fund and sixty-four other municipalities which do not. A reduced form public expenditure model was estimated which included a dummy variable to check for any differences in expenditures, ceteris paribus, between the ‘subsidy cities’ and others. It was found that subsidy cities had larger expenditure levels, all other things equal, which adds support for the main hypothesis. It was also found that while it is possible that utility profits may be substituted for other local revenue sources, in the sample of New York municipalities studied internal subsidization is likely to have stimulated expenditures, leading to an increase in local tax collections. This result adds further support for the main hypothesis.
Air Entrainment During Steady-State Web Winding

As a web is wound at speed onto a roll, a thin layer of air becomes entrapped between it and the incoming web stream. The resulting spiral-shaped air bearing separates adjacent web layers and can extend many wraps into the roll. The air entrained during the winding process increases the propensity for lateral interlayer slippage and damage to the edges of the web. In the present paper, an in situ technique is developed for measuring the thickness of the entrained air film during winding, and parameter studies quantify the effects ofsuch winding variables as tension, width, transport speed, and surface roughness. With a view towards evaluating different transport designs and operating conditions, three measures of air entrainment are discussed: (i) the cumulative thickness of all air layers, (ii) the thickness of the outermost air layer at the nip, and (iii) the rate at which air bleeds from the roll once it comes to rest. Measured values of the first two metrics are compared with those predicted by a derived two-dimensional reduced-order model for steady-state winding. The analysis treats the two bounding configurations of symmetric and asymmetric stacking of web layers by specifying appropriate cross-web pressure profiles.
Steric balance within chiral dirhodium(II) carboxamidate catalysts enhances stereoselectivity

The substitution of larger groups onto the ester moiety of various dirhodium(II) carboxamidates have led to the development of three catalysts for use in various transformations. These new chiral imidazolidinone-ligated catalysts, Rh2(4S-EPPIM)4, Rh2(4S-BACIM)4, and Rh2(4S-BPPIM)4, have been tested in a variety of systems, including carbon–hydrogen insertion, intramolecular cyclopropanation, and Hetero-Diels–Alder reactions. While all display high levels of selectivity, only Rh2(4S-BACIM)4 demonstrates higher levels of selectivity than its base catalyst, Rh2(4S-MACIM)4. These results show that increased levels of selectivity cannot be achieved through simply increasing the steric bulk around the active site. Instead, a delicate balance in steric distribution around the active site of the catalyst must be achieved to maximize selectivity with reactivity.
Skull growth and the presence of auxiliary fontanels in rhinolophoid bats (Microchiroptera)

Cephalometry was used to detect patterns of cranial growth in fetal bats that have been differentially stained for bone and cartilage. Rhinolophoid bats exhibit elaborate nasal cavities with coincidental distortions of the maxilla. The expansion of these cavities creates paired auxiliary fontanels among the nasal, maxillary, and frontal bones. This distortion of the rostrum is also associated with the loss of the lacrimal bones and the modification of the infraorbital foramen into a shallow canal. The use of the head as an acoustical horn is discussed with reference to the ontogeny of echolocation.
A low-power 0.7-V H.264 720p video decoder

The H.264/AVC video coding standard can deliver high compression efficiency at a cost of large complexity and power. The increasing popularity of video capture and playback on portable devices requires that the energy of the video codec be kept to a minimum. This paper proposes several architecture optimizations such as increased parallelism, multiple voltage/frequency domains, and custom voltage-scalable SRAMs that enable low voltage operation and reduce the power of a high-definition decoder. An H.264/AVC Baseline Level 3.1 decoder ASIC was fabricated in 65 nm CMOS and verified. It operates down to 0.7-V and has a measured power of 1.8 mW when decoding a high definition 720 p video at 30 frames per second, which is over an order of magnitude lower than previously published results.
The Integral Role of Food in Native Hawaiian Migrants’ Perceptions of Health and Well-Being

Purpose Obesity is prevalent among Native Hawaiians, but the relationship between food and perceptions of health and well-being is not well understood. The purpose was to explore the role of food in Native Hawaiians' perceptions of health and well-being. Design A qualitative descriptive design was used. Twenty-seven Native Hawaiian participants in Las Vegas took part in semistructured interviews. Results Participants expressed that food can be dangerous to health. However, eating Hawaiian food seems to relieve homesickness, and they occasionally indulge in binge overeating. Conclusions Hawaiian food plays an important role in participants' health and well-being. Participants' concurrent attraction to Hawaiian-style food and desire to avoid unhealthy food create a challenging struggle. Implications To support cultural connectedness, Native Hawaiians can be encouraged to expend consumed calories in physical activity as their ancestors did. Discussing nutrition from a family framework might be helpful to Native Hawaiians.
Risk of extreme events in multiobjective decision trees. Part 1. Severe events

Earlier work with decision trees identified nonseparability as an obstacle to minimizing the conditional expected value, a measure of the risk of extreme events, by the well-known method of averaging out and folding back. This second of two companion papers addresses the conditional expected value that is defined as the expected outcome assuming that a random variable is observed only in the upper 100 (1 - alpha) percent of potential outcomes, where alpha is a cumulative probability preselected by the decision maker. An approach is proposed to overcome the need to evaluate all policies in order to identify the optimal policy. The approach is based in part on approximating the conditional expected value by using statistics of extremes. An existing convenient approximation of the conditional expected value is shown to be separable into two constituent elements of risk and can thus be optimized, along with other objectives including the unconditional expected value of the outcome, in a multiobjective decision tree. An example of sequential decision making for remediation or environmental contamination is provided. The importance of the results for risk analyis beyond the minimization of conditional expected values is pointed out.
Study of the Yielding and Strain Hardening Behavior of a Copper Thin Film on a Silicon Substrate Using Microbeam Bending

Recently a new microbeam bending technique utilizing triangular beams was introduced. For this geometry, the film on top of the beam deforms uniformly when the beams are deflected, unlike the standard rectangular geometry in which the bending is concentrated at the support. The yielding behavior of the film can be modeled using average stress-strain equations to predict the stress-strain relation for the film while attached to its substrate. This model has also been used to show that the gradint of stress and strain through the thickness of the film, which occurs during beam bending, does not obscure the measurement of the yield stress in our analysis. Utilizing this technique, the yielding and strain hardening behavior of bare Cu thin films has been investigated. The Cu film was thermally cycled from room temperature to 500 °C, and from room temperature to -196°C. The film was tested after each cycle. The thermal cycles were performed to examine the effect of thermal processing on the stress-strain behavior of the film.
Online testable reversible logic circuit design using NAND blocks

A technique for an on-line testable reversible logic circuit is presented. Three new reversible logic gates have been introduced in this paper. These gates can be used to implement reversible digital circuits of various levels of complexity. The major feature of these gates is that they provide on-line testability for circuits implemented using them. The application of these gates in implementation of a subset of MCNC benchmark circuits is provided.
Entropy Encoding in Wavelet Image Compression

Entropy encoding is a method of lossless compression that is performed on an image after the quantization stage. It enables one to represent an image in a more efficient way with less memory needed for storage or transmission. In this chapter, we will explore various schemes of entropy encoding and how they work mathematically where applicable.
X-band fully depleted SOI Amplifier with adaptive bias control

A 10-GHz amplifier with an adaptive bias control circuit is realized using fully depleted SOI CMOS technology. The effective gate bias of the amplifier MOSFET adjusts itself based on the power level of the input signal. Measured results showed reduction of overall power consumption and wider range of output power near its peak efficiency. At absence of the signal, the amplifier can be automatically switched to a standby mode with approximately 85% reduction of power consumption. Power saving is also demonstrated for pulsed signal modulated at 10 MHz.
Impact of golf course mowing practices on Ataenius spretulus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and its natural enemies.

In April of 1996 the rough-fairway interface of a golf course consisting entirely of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., was altered by implementing a new mowing regime. The experiment contained 4 replications of 4 treatments: turf mowed to fairway height 1995-1997, turf mowed to rough height 1995-1997, turf that was fairway height in 1995 and was allowed to grow to rough height in 1996-1997, and turf that was rough height in 1995 and was cut to fairway height in 1996-1997. Glass vials were used as pitfall traps to monitor activity of surface-dwelling predators and adult Ataenius spretulus (Haldeman). In 1996, the most A. spretulus larvae were found in plots where the turf was mowed to fairway height the previous year, regardless of how the turf was mowed that year. However, adult Philonthus spp. (Staphylinidae) were found in the highest numbers in the plots that were mowed to rough height, regardless of the turf height in past years. In 1997, the highest populations of A. spretulus adults and larvae were found in plots mowed to fairway height in 1996 and in 1997, regardless of 1995 mowing height. Also, twice as many larvae were infected with a milky disease causing pathogen, Bacillus sp., in the rough (68%) compared with the fairway (34%). The most prevalent staphylinids, Philonthus cognatus Stephens and P. carbonarius (Gravenhorst), were 3 times more abundant in rough-mowed turf compared with fairway-mowed turf. With grass species, irrigation, and previous pesticide use controlled by our experimental design, it appears that mowing practices are an important factor contributing to the skewed distribution of A. spretulus toward golf course fairways and away from the rough.
Distributed deadlock detection and resolution based on hardware clocks

Inexpensive but accurate hardware clocks are now commonplace on many systems. A clock synchronization protocol can keep the collection of clocks for a group of networked systems roughly synchronized without the expenditure of a great deal of processor time or network bandwidth. As long as the bounded skew between clocks is taken into account, rough real time can provide an intuitive and valuable mechanism for providing a notion of order in a distributed system. This paper presents a straightforward token-based protocol for the detection of distributed deadlock under the single resource model. It uses clock values as token time stamps to ensure that exactly one process in a deadlock cycle, the process that completed the cycle, detects the deadlock and aborts, breaking the deadlock. The clock-valued time stamps also ensure that no false deadlocks are detected, without additional protocol to eliminate obsolete tokens. Arguments for the correctness of the protocol are developed.
Modulation and coding techniques, and optical networking technologies enabling multi terabit bandwidth delivery

We provide an overview of modulation and coding techniques for delivering multi-terabit bandwidth in next-generation high-speed optical networks. Advanced networking technologies that enable flexible switching and carrier-grade packet transport will moreover be discussed.
Functional Redundancy between Thymic CD8α+ and Sirpα+ Conventional Dendritic Cells in Presentation of Blood-Derived Lysozyme by MHC Class II Proteins

We evaluated the presentation of blood-derived protein Ags by APCs in the thymus. Two conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), the CD8α+Sirpα−CD11chi (CD8α+ cDC) and the CD8α−Sirpα+CD11chi (Sirpα+ cDC), were previously identified as presenting MHC class II bound peptides from hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) injected intravenously. All thymic APCs acquired the injected HEL, with the plasmacytoid dendritic cell being the best, followed by the Sirpα+ cDC and the CD8α+ cDC. Both cDCs induced to similar extent negative selection and regulatory T cells in HEL TCR transgenic mice, indicating a redundant role of the two cDC subsets in the presentation of blood-borne HEL. Immature dendritic cells or plasmacytoid dendritic cells were considerably less efficient. Batf3−/− mice, with significantly reduced numbers of CD8α+ cDCs, were not impaired in HEL presentation by I-Ak molecules of thymic APCs. Lastly, clodronate liposome treatment of TCR transgenic mice depleted blood APCs including Sirpα+ cDCs without affecting the number of thymic APCs. In such treated mice, there was no effect on negative selection or regulatory T cells in mice when administering HEL, indicating that the T cell responses were mediated primarily by the cDCs localized in the thymus.
A Novel Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Improved 3D Chaotic Cat Map

In this paper, an image encryption algorithm based on improved 3D cat map is proposed. The new algorithm employs Henon map chaotic sequence to generate control parameters of shuffling and uses improved 2D Logistic map sequence to substitute grey values. It cannot only effectively encrypt images, but also can resist cipher analyzers' attack by periodicity of cat map. Experimental results and security analysis show that the algorithm can be easily implemented and its encryption effect is satisfactory. Moreover, the algorithm possesses high security in terms of the resistance to exhaustive attack, statistical attack and cipher-text-only attack..
Approach to unexplained sudden death in the young: proactive during life and prospective at death.

This editorial refers to ‘Sudden cardiac death in 14- to 35-year olds in Ireland from 2005 to 2007: a retrospective registry’ by R. Margey et al., on page 1411. From a societal perspective it is difficult to reconcile the occurrence of sudden and unexpected deaths among our young, especially in ostensibly healthy and active individuals with no prior warning. Even today, we must acknowledge that these situations also present a significant challenge to the clinician as well as the scientist, particularly since many of these cases remain unexplained. The paper from Margey et al .1 published in the current issue of Europace is one among a series of reports highlighting the conspicuously large subgroup of cases with sudden death and structurally normal heart in the young, also termed the sudden arrhythmic death syndrome. The authors, reporting results from a national retrospective post-mortem analysis of sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs) in the 15–34 years age group in the Republic of Ireland, have done justice to comparisons with existing studies. However, there is room for a brief conversation regarding two important messages from their findings as well as a comment on the methodology used to perform the …
Stimulating Reform: Race to the Top, Competitive Grants and the Obama Education Agenda

This article offers an analysis of the origins, evolution, and impact of the Obama administration’s Race to the Top (RTTT) competitive grant program and places it in the broader context of the debate over the No Child Left Behind Act and the shifting intergovernmental relations around education. RTTT is fundamentally about two things: creating political cover for state education reformers to innovate and helping states construct the administrative capacity to implement these innovations effectively. The program has had a significant impact on the national political discourse around education and pushed many states to propose or enact important policy changes, particularly around charter schools and teacher-evaluation processes. However, we should remain realistic in our expectations about what RTTT can accomplish; although the program’s approach may be different from that of earlier federal education programs, many of the political and institutional obstacles to sustaining meaningful reform at the federal and state levels remain largely the same. RTTT will struggle to surmount these obstacles in the short term, even as it hopes to transform them over the longer term.
Robert Browne and the Caucus of Black Economics

Robert S. Browne the founder of the Black Economic Research Center (BERC) and the Review of Black Political Economy was a charter founder of the Caucus of Black Economists. He played an important role in the leadership of the Caucus and its efforts to increase the supply of black economists, to expand research efforts on issues of relevance to black constituencies in urban and rural America. His entrepreneurial efforts have left an indelible record of achievements which continue to influence research by black economists and practical results for economic development institutions in black communities.
A comprehensive analysis of 40 blind protein structure predictions.

Background: We thoroughly analyse the results of 40 blind predictions for which an experimental answer was made available at the fourth meeting on the critical assessment of protein structure methods (CASP4). Using our comparative modelling and fold recognition methodologies, we made 29 predictions for targets that had sequence identities ranging from 50% to 10% to the nearest related protein with known structure. Using our ab initio methodologies, we made eleven predictions for targets that had no detectable sequence relationships. Results: For 23 of these proteins, we produced models ranging from 1.0 to 6.0 A root mean square deviation (RMSD) for the Cα atoms between the model and the corresponding experimental structure for all or large parts of the protein, with model accuracies scaling fairly linearly with respect to sequence identity (i.e., the higher the sequence identity, the better the prediction). We produced nine models with accuracies ranging from 4.0 to 6.0 A Cα RMSD for 60– 100 residue proteins (or large fragments of a protein), with a prediction accuracy of 4.0 A Cα RMSD for residues 1–80 for T110/rbfa. Conclusions: The areas of protein structure prediction that work well, and areas that need improvement, are discernable by examining how our methods have performed over the past four CASP experiments. These results have implications for modelling the structure of all tractable proteins encoded by the genome of an organism.
Composition of the Earth's Mantle

Summary Measurements of the velocity of compressional waves in silicates and oxides having a range of density from 2.6 to 5g/cm3 suggest a simple dependence of velocity upon density and mean atomic weight. Consequences of the assumption that this relation remains valid at high pressures are examined with reference to the composition of the mantle, especially of the transition layer. It appears probable that the abnormally high rate of increase of velocity with depth in the transition layer may be accounted for principally in terms of phase change, with little change of composition. Recent studies with strong shock waves are examined in connection with the composition of the core; the evidence is unfavourable to the hypothesis of a metallic core of light elements, but is consistent with a core of iron alloy.
Modiolar proximity of three perimodiolar cochlear implant electrodes

A new generation of cochlear implant electrodes has been designed to position the stimulating contacts close to the modiolus in order to reduce power consumption and increase stimulation selectivit...
Spanwise scale selection in plane mixing layers

Direct numerical simulations of temporally evolving plane mixing layers undergoing as many as three pairings have been examined for evidence of spanwise scale change. All simulations were begun from a few low-wavenumber disturbances, usually derived from linear stability theory, in addition to the mean velocity. The amplitude of the initial three-dimensional disturbances varied from infinitesimal to large enough to trigger a rapid transition to turbulence. The time required for a change of characteristic spanwise scale with infinitesimal three-dimensional disturbances was found to be very long, requiring three or more pairings to complete a doubling of the spanwise scale. Stronger three-dimensionality can produce more rapid scale changes, but it is also likely to trigger transition to turbulence. No evidence was found for a change from an organized array of rib vortices at one spanwise scale to a similar array at a larger spanwise scale.
The information cost of manipulation-resistance in recommender systems

Attackers may seek to manipulate recommender systems in order to promote or suppress certain items. Existing defenses based on analysis of ratings also discard useful information from honest raters. In this paper, we show that this is unavoidable and provide a lower bound on how much information must be discarded. We use an information-theoretic framework to exhibit a fundamental tradeoff between manipulation-resistance and optimal use of genuine ratings in recommender systems. We define a recommender system to be (n, c)-robust if an attacker with n sybil identities cannot cause more than a limited amount c units of damage to predictions. We prove that any robust recommender system must also discard Ω(log (n/c)) units of useful information from each genuine rater.
Information systems success revisited

The DeLone & McLean IS Success Model (1992) has become a standard for the specification and justification of the measurement of the dependent variable in information systems research. Attempts to apply and test the model have resulted in both confirmation and challenges. This paper reviews and analyzes over 150 articles which have referenced the model over the past eight years in order to examine what more we have learned about measuring IS success. It highlights recent contributions to IS success measurement and proposes a Reformulated IS Success Model which recognizes and incorporates those contributions. The report concludes with recommendations for future IS success measurement.
Opportunities in wearable computing and augmented reality [Panel Session]

Summary form only given, as follows. The European Union has committed almost a quarter billion dollars to research in fields related to mobile and ubiquitous computing over the next few years. Countries in Asia are beginning to devote considerable resources as well. With the mobile phone now the dominant consumer computer platform in the world, wearable computing and augmented reality are becoming business domains as well as research fields. This panel of program managers, invited from various funding agencies, will discuss how wearable computing and augmented reality relates to their fields of interest. A mixture of scientific, military, government, and private agencies will be represented. Attendees are invited to ask questions and help explore how wearable computing and augmented reality research can be promoted in upcoming initiatives.
Interactive effects of temperature and nutritional condition on the energy budgets of the sea urchins Arbacia punctulata and Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)

Arbacia punctulata and Lytechinus variegatus are widely distributed echinoid species in shallow water in the western Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico that seem to have diierent life history strategies. We evaluated the eiect of two types of stress (high temperature and starvation) on gonad production and scope for growth. We hypothesized that A. punctulata has a stress tolerant life strategy and would be more tolerant to stress and L. variegatus has a competitive ^ ruderal strategy and would be less tolerant to stress. Gonad production by A. punctulata was not as greatly aiected by temperature as L. variegatus, suggesting the hypothesis was correct. Arbacia punctulata had a signi¢cantly higher excretion rate indicating greater energy allocation to maintenance than production. Lytechinus variegatus had a signi¢cantly greater consumption rate but did not absorb signi¢cantly more energy. Arbacia punctulata compensated for its lower food consumption by a higher absorption e⁄ciency. Measured energy expenditure and calculated scope for growth did not diier. However, the percentage change in energy absorbed and energy expenditure was greater for L. variegatus than for A. punctulata with a change in temperature. Feeding had a greater eiect on production than temperature suggesting that the biotic stress of low food availability is more important than an abiotic stress such as temperature on energy budgets.
High Noon in the Rain Forest

Guido Boggiani. Fotograf. Fotografo. Fotografo. Photographer. Pavel Fric and Yvonna Fricova. eds. Nakladatelsvi Titanic, Praha, 1997. 82 photographs. 137 pp. Text and captions are in Czech, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and English.
Effective electro-optic coefficient of multilayer dielectric waveguides: Modulation enhancement

A matrix method for calculating the effective refractive index of guided modes on multilayer dielectric waveguides is developed and employed to calculate the effective electro-optic coefficient of such waveguide structures when one of the media composing them is electro-optic. In properly specified three-layer waveguides, enhancement of the effective electro-optic coefficient above the bulk value by as much as a factor equal to the square of the highest refractive index in the structure is possible. The maximum modulation enhancement for the three-layer guide is attainable with loosely, as well as with tightly, confined waveguide modes.
Prevalence of Cam Morphology in Females with Femoroacetabular Impingement

Cam and pincer are two common morphologies responsible for femoroacetabular impingement. Previous literature has reported that cam deformity is predominantly a male morphology, while being significantly less common in females. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cam morphology in female subjects diagnosed with symptomatic FAI. All females presenting to the senior author’s clinic diagnosed with symptomatic FAI between December 2006 and Cam and pincer are two common morphologies responsible for femoroacetabular impingement. Previous literature has reported that cam deformity is predominantly a male morphology, while being significantly less common in females. Cam morphology is commonly assessed with the alpha angle, measured on radiographs. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cam morphology utilizing the alpha angle in female subjects diagnosed with symptomatic FAI. All females presenting to the senior author’s clinic diagnosed with symptomatic FAI between December 2006 and January 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Alpha (α) angles were measured on AP (anteroposterior) and lateral (Dunn 90°, cross-table lateral, and/or frog-leg lateral) plain radiographs by two blinded physicians, and the largest measured angle was used. Using Gosvig et al.’s classification, alpha angle was characterized as (pathologic > 57°), borderline (51-56°), subtle (46-50°), very subtle (43-45°), or normal (≤42°). Three hundred and ninety-one patients (438 hips) were analyzed (age 36.2 ± 12.3 years). Among the hips included, 35.6% were normal, 14.6% pathologic, 15.1% borderline, 14.6% subtle, and 20.1% very subtle. There was no correlation between alpha angle and patient age (R = 0.17) or body mass index (BMI) (R = 0.05). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for α-angle measurements was 0.84. Sixty-four percent of females in this cohort had an alpha angle > 42°. Subtle cam deformity plays a significant role in the pathoanatomy of female patients with symptomatic FAI. As the majority of revision hip arthroscopies are performed due to incomplete cam correction, hip arthroscopists need to be cognizant of and potentially surgically address these subtle lesions.
Tracing memory T cell fate using Ox40-cre and novel reporter alleles (46.17)

OX40 is a member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Family that is expressed on activated and regulatory T cells. We have used an Ox40-cre allele with new Cre-dependent reporter alleles to discriminate memory T cells that differ in how much OX40 they expressed during immune responses to viruses. The reporters reveal flux in CD4+ memory T cells resulting in a gradual time-dependent enrichment for cells that previously expressed high amounts of OX40. Such flux was much less evident in CD8+ memory T cells. Differences in amounts of prior OX40 expression were nonetheless found to correlate with phenotypic differences in both CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells. The results make clear the potential for using the Ox40-cre and reporter alleles for tracing the fate of activated T cells and relating it to differences in prior OX40 expression.
Abstract W MP53: Cerebrovascular Events Occurring after Hospital Discharge for Labor and Delivery

Introduction: Stroke and other cerebrovascular events (CVE) are feared complications of pregnancy. Prior studies have reported an increased risk of CVE during the postpartum period, but these studies have not reported event rates after hospital discharge for labor and delivery. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the California State Inpatient and Emergency Department administrative databases to identify all pregnant women who went into labor at a non-federal, acute-care hospital from 2005 through 2011 and who were discharged without an ICD-9-CM diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease. The primary outcome was a CVE composite defined as any ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, cerebral sinus thrombosis, pituitary apoplexy, cerebral artery dissection, or hypertensive encephalopathy, occurring after hospital discharge and prior to 6 weeks after admission for labor and delivery. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the incidence of postpartum CVE after hospital discharge and multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between several a priori selected clinical factors and postpartum CVE. Results: A total of 2,065,330 patients were included in this analysis. The rate of any CVE was 9.97 per 100,000 patients (95% CI 8.61-11.3). The mortality rate in patients with CVE was 7.8% (95% CI 4.1-11%). The mean age of patients with a CVE was 31.0 years as compared to 28.3 years in patients without a CVE (p<0.001). Risk factors for any CVE were eclampsia (OR 19.9, 95% CI 6.43-61.4), chronic kidney disease (OR 3.88, 95% CI 1.02-14.8), black race (OR 3.19, 95% CI 2.26-4.50), preeclampsia (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.99-3.59), and age (OR 1.07 per year, 95% CI 1.05-1.09). Conclusion: The incidence of postpartum CVE after hospital discharge for labor and delivery is similar to rates reported for all postpartum events in prior publications. This suggests that a substantial proportion of postpartum cerebrovascular complications occur after hospital discharge. Therefore, clinicians should be aware that postpartum women remain at risk for stroke even if they have been discharged from their initial labor and delivery hospitalization without complication.
The Strategy of Campaigning

We prove an abstract theorem which shows that under certain circumstances, a candidate running for political office should be as explicit as possible in order to improve her impression among the voters. But this result conflicts with the perceived reality that candidates are often cagey and reluctant to take stances except when absolutely necessary. Why this hesitation on the part of the candidates? We offer some explanations.
Independent Study for Undergraduates

(1973). Independent Study for Undergraduates. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 80, No. 5, pp. 555-558.
Mayflies of the Southwest: New Species, Descriptions, and Records (Ephemeroptera)

Descriptions and figures of 7 new species are presented : Paralcptophlebia altana , Thraulodes salinus , Traverella castanea , Leptohyphes baumanni , L. quercus , L. phalarobranchus , and Tricorythodes corpulentus . The nymphal stage is described for Choroterpes inornata Eaton, Paralptophlebia memorialis (Eaton), Thraulodes brunncus Koss, and Tricorythodes minutus Traver. The male imago is described for Tricorythodes dimorphus Allen, and new distributional records extend the known range for C. inornata, P. memorialis, T. brunneus, Traverella albertana (McDunnough), Ephemerella micheneri Traver, E. grandis Eaton, Tricorythodes condylus Allen, T. dimorphus, and T. minutus.
Gambling in Penny Stocks: The Case of Stock Spam E-Mails

Stocks are a top area for spammers, largely due to the quick returns they can earn from touting penny stocks. However, little is known about whether stock spam e-mail recipients’ trading behavior is linked to the contents of spam e-mails. We analyzed the content of stock spam e-mails promoting stocks to individual investors to determine the factors that influenced traders’ reactions. Using over 40,000 spam messages touting 785 firms in 580 spam campaigns (SC—a period of spamming activity with no more than 5 consecutive days without a spam e-mail.) from November 2004 to August 2007, we investigated 5 attributes that could have potentially affected whether investors bought the touted firm’s stock, namely, target price, message length, e-mail source, incentives, and touting international business. We found that e-mails providing a short-term price target generated abnormal returns and trading volume. If spammers purchased the stock prior to the start of an SC and sold at the closing price on the day with heaviest touting, the abnormal return was 5.85 percent for SCs with a price target. Further, e-mails touting U.S. stocks had abnormal returns while those touting non-U.S. firms did not. We did not find significant differences in market reactions for message length, e-mail source, or incentives.
A Journey from STEM to STEAM: A Middle School Case Study.

ABSTRACTThis article examines the initial journey of a middle school in South Carolina from a STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) curriculum to a STEAM (STEM + art) curriculum. This is the first of a three-year longitudinal study that investigated the perceptions of the effectiveness, relative importance, and sustainability of a STEAM curriculum in which the arts animated learning on a daily basis for both teachers and administrators during the first year of implementation beginning in the fall 2014. The article also investigates the response that the faculty of a STEM-oriented middle school had to the induction of STEAM curriculum training.
Syphilitic stenosis of the coronary ostia diagnosed during life.

(1949). Syphilitic Stenosis of the Coronary Ostia Diagnosed During Life. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 372-378.
Representations of lesbian and bisexual women's sexual and relational health in online video and text-based sources

The Internet is the preferred source of health information followed by healthcare providers, friends and family, print media, and television (Baxter & Egbert, 2008). Yet, previous research about online sexual health resources for LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, queer) groups, especially lesbian and bisexual (LB) women, primarily consists of introductions and reviews of related websites rather than critique of the quality of the information present (e.g. Clark, 2003; Finlon, 2002; McKay, 2011). Thus, the goals of this study were to examine the LB women's sexual and relational health content in online sources and identify the degree to which the online sources considered LB women's identity and standpoint when presenting sexual and relational health messages. The analysis includes a comparison of text-based and video-based online messages related to LB women's sexual and relational health. We argue that there is an overall lack of quality in the online sexual and relational health messages for LB women, and that websites are not comprehensive enough in their coverage of LB women's sexual and relational health. Overall low quality in online sexual & relational health messages for LB women.Online, information in text-based sources higher overall quality than video sources.Online, video covered more LB women's sexual & relational health topics than text.LB women's standpoint addressed more strongly in online video than in text.
SCAP/SREBP pathway is required for the full steroidogenic response to cyclic AMP.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates steroidogenesis largely through a surge in cyclic AMP (cAMP). Steroidogenic rates are also critically dependent on the availability of cholesterol at mitochondrial sites of synthesis. This cholesterol is provided by cellular uptake of lipoproteins, mobilization of intracellular lipid, and de novo synthesis. Whether and how these pathways are coordinated by cAMP are poorly understood. Recent phosphoproteomic analyses of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation sites in MA10 Leydig cells suggested that cAMP regulates multiple steps in these processes, including activation of the SCAP/SREBP pathway. SCAP [sterol-regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein] acts as a cholesterol sensor responsible for regulating intracellular cholesterol balance. Its role in cAMP-mediated control of steroidogenesis has not been explored. We used two CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9) knockout approaches to test the role of SCAP in steroidogenesis. Our results demonstrate that SCAP is required for progesterone production induced by concurrent inhibition of the cAMP phosphodiesterases PDE4 and PDE8. These inhibitors increased SCAP phosphorylation, SREBP2 activation, and subsequent expression of cholesterol biosynthetic genes, whereas SCAP deficiency largely prevented these effects. Reexpression of SCAP in SCAP-deficient cells restored SREBP2 protein expression and partially restored steroidogenic responses, confirming the requirement of SCAP–SREBP2 in steroidogenesis. Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase and isoprenylation attenuated, whereas exogenously provided cholesterol augmented, PDE inhibitor-induced steroidogenesis, suggesting that the cholesterol substrate needed for steroidogenesis is provided by both de novo synthesis and isoprenylation-dependent mechanisms. Overall, these results demonstrate a novel role for LH/cAMP in SCAP/SREBP activation and subsequent regulation of steroidogenesis.