cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical Thromboelastography to evaluate whole blood coagulation

Measurement of blood viscoelasticity during clotting provides a direct metric of haemostatic conditions. Therefore, technologies that quantify blood viscoelasticity at the point-of-care are invaluable for diagnosing coagulopathies. We present a new approach, Optical Thromboelastography (OTEG) that measures the viscoelastic properties of coagulating blood by evaluating temporal laser speckle fluctuations, reflected from a few blood drops. During coagulation, platelet-fibrin clot formation restricts the mean square displacements (MSD) of scatterers and decelerates speckle fluctuations. Cross-correlation analysis of speckle frames provides the speckle intensity temporal autocorrelation, g2 (t), from which MSD is deduced and the viscoelastic modulus of blood is estimated. Our results demonstrate a close correspondence between blood viscoelasticity evaluated by OTEG and mechanical rheometry. Spatio-temporal speckle analyses yield 2-dimensional maps of clot viscoelasticity, enabling the identification of micro-clot formation at distinct rates in normal and coagulopathic specimens. These findings confirm the unique capability of OTEG for the rapid evaluation of patients' coagulation status and highlight the potential for point-of-care use.
Shared Values and Particular Identities in Anti-Racist Education

In this essay, I would like to address some issues on educating about, and against, racism. Nationally prominent moral educators in the United States (such as those connected with the character education movement) have generally given race insufficient attention, considering that it is one of the pre-eminent moral issues of our national history. Perhaps this is because the issue is so political, and so politicized, and moral educators often search for larger principles and virtues that they regard as positioned above the political fray.
Abstract T P340: The Electronic Medical Record: Are the Times Accurate?

Background: The Electronic Medical Record (EMR) was designed to improve patient outcomes, eliminate unnecessary costs, and provide continuity of care. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA) is most effective when administered early. In order to effectively decrease door to needle times, a stroke center must be able to correctly identify the steps within their pathway where there is room for improvement. A reliable way to measure and record time is therefore crucial. In our experience, the EMR has been extremely helpful with data collection; however, there are limitations, particularly with respect to the automatic time stamp for electronic documentation. We sought to determine the accuracy of the EMR time stamp versus real-time paper charting in our assessment of the acute stroke patient. Methods: 33 patients treated with IV t-PA between July 2013 and July 2014 were included in analysis. Specific time points were documented on a Nursing Flow Sheet by a dedicated stroke nurse who is part of each acute stroke assessment and were compared to the time points documented in the EMR. The average discrepancy between the Nursing Flow Sheet and EMR for each time point was calculated. Arrival time to the Emergency Department (ED), time to CT scanner, lab collection time, and t-PA bolus time were evaluated. Results: The average discrepancy on arrival time to the ED was 7 minutes. The Nursing Flowsheet documented earlier arrival times in all but 2 cases. The arrival time obtained from the EMR required extrapolation- either from the point of comprehensive triage where vital signs were obtained (n=24) or from the code sheet scanned into the electronic record (n=9). Times documented on the code sheet were only 3 minutes different from the Nursing Flow Sheet versus 9 minutes for those with vital signs charted. The average discrepancy between time to the CT scanner on the Nursing Flow Sheet and the order time in the EMR was 13 minutes. The majority of patients (88%) had imaging completed prior to the order being placed. The discrepancies for lab collection time and t-PA bolus time were smaller (4 minutes and 0 minutes respectively). Conclusion: Automatic time stamps provided by an EMR may not accurately reflect true time points, making improvement of door to needle times more difficult.
DFT for fast testing of self-timed control circuits

In this paper, we present a methodology to perform fast testing of the control path of self-timed circuits. The speedup is achieved by testing all the execution paths in the control simultaneously. The circuits considered in this paper are those designed using an OCCAM based circuit compiler (1991). This Compiler translates an OCCAM program description into an interconnection of pre-existing self-timed macro-modules (1989, 1991). The method proposed involves modifying certain modules and structures in such a way that the circuits obtained by translation using these modified modules are testable in above mentioned way.
Near-infrared spectrophotometric determination of germanium by modified heteropoly blue method

Abstract A near-infrared spectrophotometric method based on the initial formation of a stable form of molybdogermanic acid and the heteropoly blue reaction is proposed. The molar absorptivity at 825 nm is 3.58 × 104 liter mole−1 cm−1.
Seeding protein folding

Abstract Recent work suggests that the seeds of the folding process are discernible in the structure of an unfolded protein and even in short peptide fragments of the protein. If this view proves correct, it will open new experimental approaches to analysing the mechanism of protein folding and possibly help to explain how anti-peptide antibodies cross-react with intact proteins.
Justification Effects on Consumer Choice of Hedonic and Utilitarian Goods

Abstract People want to have fun, and they are more likely to have fun if the situation allows them to justify it. This research studies how people’s need for justifying hedonic consumption drives two choice patterns that are observed in typical purchase contexts. First, relative preferences between hedonic and utilitarian alternatives can reverse, depending on how the immediate purchase situation presents itself. A hedonic alternative tends to be rated more highly than a comparable utilitarian alternative when each is presented singly, but the utilitarian alternative tends to be chosen over the hedonic alternative when the two are presented jointly. Second, people have preferences for expending different combinations of time (effort) and money for acquiring hedonic versus utilitarian items. They are willing to pay more in time for hedonic goods and more in money for utilitarian goods. The author explores the topic through a combination of four experiments and field studies.
Compact Waveguide Splitter Networks

We demonstrate compact waveguide splitter networks in siliconon- insulator (SOI) rib waveguides using trench-based splitters (TBSs) and bends (TBBs). Rather than a 90 degrees geometry, we use 105 degrees TBSs to facilitate reliable fabrication of high aspect ratio trenches suitable for 50/50 splitting when filled with SU8. Three dimensional (3D) finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation is used for splitter and bend design. Measured TBB and TBS optical efficiencies are 84% and 68%, respectively. Compact 105 degrees 1 x 4, 1 x 8, and 1 x 32 trench-based splitter networks (TBSNs) are demonstrated. The measured total optical loss of the 1 x 32 TBSN is 9.15 dB. Its size is only 700 microm x 1600 microm for an output waveguide spacing of 50 microm.
The catharsis hypothesis, aggressive drive, and the reduction of aggression

The import of the concept of aggressive drive for the construct of catharsis, particularly the trend toward alternatives to drive concepts, is considered. Three conceptions of catharsis are distinguished—the Dramatic model, the Clinical model and the Experimental model. The Dramatic and Clinical models are seen to focus on affective engagement and change, while differing in the vicarious nature of the cathartic experience, in the degree of cognitive representation entailed, and in the nature of the interpersonal context. The Experimental model is seen to be addressed to the more general problem of aggression reduction through aggressive acts. The Dramatic and Clinical models of catharsis are viewed as more specific and germane, and the hypothesis is proposed that catharsis obtains in the case of inhibited rather than persistent or unresolved affect.
The Integration of Silicon Photonics and VLSI Electronics for Computing and Switching Systems

We review the potential benefits and challenges for achieving optical-interconnects to the chip via the native integration of silicon photonics components with VLSI electronics; and review the “macrochip” - a collection of contiguous silicon chips enabled by optical proximity communication. We summarize recent progress towards achieving low-power photonic links for the macrochip.
Thundercloud current determination from measurements at the Earth's surface

For the analysis of the actual dominant mechanism or mechanisms of electrification in a given storm cell, it is of great importance to make observations which can be used to determine the configuration and the magnitudes of the currents and impedances of the generator systems in active thunderclouds. Krider and Musser (1982) have measured Maxwell currents below Florida thunderclouds and shown that their patterns are consistent with simple generator geometries. It is, therefore, of great interest to study the extent to which a set of Maxwell current measurements can be inverted to obtain the generator currents and locations. Nisbet (1983) has developed an electrical model for active thunderclouds which solves equations for current densities and electric fields. The present investigation is concerned with the extent to which such a model can be used to derive data about the cloud generator magnitudes and locations, taking into account also the conductivity profile from ground-based measurements or estimates of the Maxwell current density.
The Influence of School Racial Context on Academic Achievement

Examination of effects on academic achievement of racial and SES components of social context. Sample: 900 black and white pupils in 36 inner-city sixth grade classrooms of various racial and SES mixtures. Cross-tabular analysis reveals higher achievement for children of both races in schools over 50 percent white. With individual and peer SES and prior achievement controlled through multiple regression, significant positive relationship is found for blacks between school percent white (current and cumulative) and achievement in Math but not Reading, and for whites between cumulative percent white and achievement in both Reading and Math. For whites, but not for blacks, a significant effect remains when more powerful controls on social class, available for a subsample, are entered into regression equations.
Droplet models, renormalization group, and essential singularities at first-order phase transitions

We propose (in $d=2$) a modified form of the droplet model studied by Langer and Fisher. We solve this model exactly and with the renormalization group. Both methods obtain an essential singularity of the form proposed by Klein, Wallace, and Zia; however, the renormalization group misses an additional singularity identical to that of the standard droplet model. We discuss the implications of this result for Ising models in $d=2$. Higher dimensions are also discussed.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE PROFILES ON THE MICROBIAL GROWTH IN BARBECUED PORK

A time-temperature profile of a commercial barbecued pork product was obtained by temperature recordings taken at 15 min intervals from 0-795 min after removal from the heat source until it was reheated. Samples were collected for microbial analyses at 0, 480 and 795 min after removal from heat and immediately after reheating. Other samples were inoculated with either Staphylococcus aureus or with heat shocked spores of Clostridium perfringens. At 2 h intervals, samples were taken to determine the time-temperature effects on proliferation of both microbes. Over 795 min, the temperature dropped approximately 48°C. Uninoculated samples contained < 10 C. perfringens, S. aureus or Lactobacillus sp. and all total plate counts were below 1000 CFU/g. The growth curve of S. aureus inoculated samples closely conformed to the typical growth curve by displaying a lag phase with more growth as time increased. Samples inoculated with C. perfringens appeared to be in the lag phase for approximately 6 h when held at 37°C. It was demonstrated that C. perfingens has the ability to grow in barbecued pork during the “cool down” period.
A Protein Restriction-Dependent Sulfur Code for Longevity

The restriction of proteins has recently emerged as the most important factor for the beneficial effects of calorie restriction. Hine et al. now provide strong evidence for the role of the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas in the protective effects of calorie and protein restriction against ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) but also implicate H2S in longevity extension in model organisms.
Liquid-metal flow in a rectangular duct with thin metal walls and with a non-uniform magnetic field

Abstract This paper treats the steady flow of an electrically conducting, incompressible liquid in a duct with a constant rectangular cross section, with thin, electrically conducting walls and with a non-uniform transverse magnetic field which is parallel to two duct walls. With the x axis along the centerline of the duct, the dimensionless magnetic field B = B x (x, y) x + B x (x, y) y , where x and ŷ are Cartesian unit vectors, while Bx and By are odd and even functions of y, respectively. For a small magnetic Reynolds number, Bx and By satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations and boundary conditions at the pole faces of the external magnet. Previous treatments have used a simplified magnetic field B = B y (x) y , even though this field does not satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations. We consider a magnetic field in which By at the plane of symmetry varies from 0.98 to 0.54 over a short axial distance. For this field the maximum values of Bx and of the y variation of By are 0.25 and 0.125 in the liquid-metal region. These values are certainly significant, but they are neglected in the simplified magnetic field model. Nevertheless the results for the simplified and complete magnetic fields are virtually identical, so that the simplified field gives excellent results. Previous treatments have also assumed that the Hartmann number M is large. A possible error arises from the implicit assumption that α = cM 1 2 ⪢1 , where c is the wall conductance ratio, while realistic values of a are generally not particularly large. Comparison of the three-dimensional results for α⪢1 and for α = O(1) reveals that the results for α⪢1 can be corrected with simple scaling factors derived from much simpler solutions for fully developed flow.
Laboratory studies of potential mechanisms of renoxification of tropospheric nitric acid.

Laboratory studies of the heterogeneous reactions between HNO3 in thin water films on silica surfaces and gaseous NO, CO, CH4, and SO2, proposed as potential “renoxification” mechanisms in the atmosphere, are reported. Transmission FTIR was used to monitor reactants and products on the silica surface and in the gas phase as a function of time. No reaction of CO, CH4, or SO2 was observed; upper limits to the reaction probabilities (γrxn) are ≤10-10 for CO and SO2 and ≤10-12 for CH4. However, the reaction of HNO3 with NO does occur with a lower limit for the reaction probability of γNO ≥ (6 ± 2) × 10-9 (2s). The experimental evidence shows that the chemistry is insensitive to whether the substrate is pure silica or borosilicate glass. Nitric acid in its molecular form, and not the nitrate anion form, was shown to be the reactive species, and NH4NO3 was shown not to react with NO. The HNO3−NO reaction could be a significant means of renoxification of nitric acid on the surfaces of buildings and soils in the ...
Connecting molecular dynamics to micromorphic theory. (I). Instantaneous and averaged mechanical variables

Abstract This is the first part of an effort to connect molecular dynamics to a well-established continuum theory, micromorphic theory. This effort includes two parts: mechanical variables and balance laws. In this paper, the physical picture of micromorphic theory is introduced. A geometric model of an atomic system is presented. The microscopic expressions of all the instantaneous mechanical variables in micromorphic theory are derived and related to atomic coordinates and velocities, and the corresponding continuum field quantities are obtained through statistical ensemble average. The link between the two thoroughly different models is analytically established.
Characterization of a DAPI-RIT-DAPI System for Gas-Phase Ion/Molecule and Ion/Ion Reactions

The discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI) has been developed as a facile means for efficiently introducing ions generated at atmospheric pressure to an ion trap in vacuum [e.g., a rectilinear ion trap (RIT)] for mass analysis. Introduction of multiple beams of ions or neutral species through two DAPIs into a single RIT has been previously demonstrated. In this study, a home-built instrument with a DAPI-RIT-DAPI configuration has been characterized for the study of gas-phase ion/molecule and ion/ion reactions. The reaction species, including ions or neutrals, can be introduced from both ends of the RIT through the two DAPIs without complicated ion optics or differential pumping stages. The primary reactant ions were isolated prior to reaction and the product ions were mass analyzed after controlled reaction time period. Ion/molecule reactions involving peptide radical ions and proton-transfer ion/ion reactions have been carried out using this instrument. The gas dynamic effect due to the DAPI operation on internal energy deposition and the reactivity of peptide radical ions has been characterized. The DAPI-RIT-DAPI system also has a unique feature for allowing the ion reactions to be carried out at significantly elevated pressures (in 10–1 Torr range), which has been found to be helpful to speed up the reactions. The viability and flexibility of the DAPI-RIT-DAPI system for the study of gas-phase ion reactions have been demonstrated.
Chiral-symmetry breaking in lattice QCD with two and four fermion flavors

We study the thermodynamics of lattice quantum chromodynamics for two and four flavors of staggered fermions at temperature T=1/4a, where a is the lattice spacing. For four flavors with mass below 0.05/a we find evidence for a first-order chiral-symmetry-breaking phase transition. For two flavors there is an increasingly rapid crossover as the mass is lowered, but we find no conclusive evidence of a first-order transition for quark masses down to 0.0125/a. A rough estimate is made of the zero-mass transition temperature for two flavors of quarks.
Ultraviolet light irradiation increases cellular diacylglycerol and induces translocation of diacylglycerol kinase in murine keratinocytes.

Abstract Cellular lipid metabolism can provide a variety of mediators of signal transduction, including diacylglycerols and inositol phosphates. These factors may be involved in the control of epidermal differentiation and proliferation because they are modulated by extracellular calcium, which also regulates the maturation phenotype of cultured keratinocytes. The effect of non-cytotoxic exposures to ultraviolet light on lipid metabolism was studied in cultured murine keratinocytes. Ultraviolet treatment of cultured murine keratinocytes growing in 0.05 mM Ca ++ did not significantly change the total amount of [ 3 h]inositol phosphates at 0.5, 8, or 24 h post-irradiation. Irradiated cells responded to an increase from 0.05 mM Ca ++ to 1.4 mM Ca ++ medium with increased formation of inositol phosphates suggesting irradiation did not alter the normal inositol lipid turnover in response to the Ca ++ signal for terminal differentiation. Irradiation (20–120 J/m 2 of UVB) induced a dose-dependent increase in the cellular level of diacylglycerols as measured at 24 h post-irradiation, without changing the turnover of other phospholipids including phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The increased cellular levels of diacylglycerols following ultraviolet exposure were accompanied by changes in the activity of diacylglycerol kinase (DAG-kinase). The cytosolic DAG-kinase activity was decreased whereas the DAG-kinase activity in the membrane fraction was increased. These results suggest that ultraviolet irradiation increases the level of diacylglycerols via changes in de novo metabolism through a DAG-kinase pathway. Elevated diacylglycerol may influence signal-transduction pathways mediated by cellular lipids and contribute to some keratinocyte responses to ultraviolet light.
Cone-beam and fan-beam image reconstruction algorithms based on spherical and circular harmonics

A cone-beam image reconstruction algorithm using spherical harmonic expansions is proposed. The reconstruction algorithm is in the form of a summation of inner products of two discrete arrays of spherical harmonic expansion coefficients at each cone-beam point of acquisition. This form is different from the common filtered backprojection algorithm and the direct Fourier reconstruction algorithm. There is no re-sampling of the data, and spherical harmonic expansions are used instead of Fourier expansions. As a special case, a new fan-beam image reconstruction algorithm is also derived in terms of a circular harmonic expansion. Computer simulation results for both cone-beam and fan-beam algorithms are presented for circular planar orbit acquisitions. The algorithms give accurate reconstructions; however, the implementation of the cone-beam reconstruction algorithm is computationally intensive. A relatively efficient algorithm is proposed for reconstructing the central slice of the image when a circular scanning orbit is used.
CT Radiation Dose: What Can You Do Right Now in Your Practice?

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review reasonable measures that community radiologists can realistically implement as a response to the current increased public concern regarding CT radiation risk.CONCLUSION. Potential measures include provision of patient information material, review of CT protocols and indications, promotion of alternative studies, use of decision support software, automatic tube current modulation, bismuth shields, improved image reconstruction algorithms, empowerment of technologists to adjust protocols, and calculation of radiation dose for possible reporting.
Screening for psychosocial risk factors in patients with chronic orofacial pain: recent advances.

ABSTRACT Background The authors compiled information about recent advances in screening for psychosocial risk factors considered to be yellow flags for potentially poor outcomes among patients with chronic orofacial pain (most commonly temporomandibular disorders). Types of Studies Reviewed The authors conducted MEDLINE searches for the period 1995 through 2002 using the terms “temporomandibular disorders,” “assessment” and “psychological,” as well as “primary care,” “screening” and “psychological disorders.” They also searched personal files for relevant articles. Results Psychosocial dysfunction is prevalent among patients with chronic orofacial pain. Yellow flags include high levels of disability; psychological disorders; and prolonged or excessive use of opiates, benzodiazepines, alcohol or other drugs. The authors identified several reliable, valid and brief patient self-administered questionnaires that can be used to screen for these yellow flags. Some of these are the Research Diagnostic Criteria/ Temporomandibular Disorders Axis II, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and Patient Health Questionnaire. Clinical Implications Dentists can improve the quality of care for patients with chronic orofacial pain by screening for psychosocial risk factors and by referring patients with risk factors for psychological or psychiatric assessment and treatment.
Structures of the helical carbon nanotubes

Abstract The structures of helical carbon nanotubes have been studied by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) methods in parallel with high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The diffraction patterns confirm the existence of a variety of structures in the nanotubes. The tube may have a cross section that is either circular or polygonal with extended flat regions. Tubes of circular cross section may contain from 1 to 9 or more different helix angles depending upon the number of graphitic sheets in the tube, as indicated by the number of hexagonal sets of hk0 spots, mutually rotated, appearing in the SAED patterns. The helix angle changes after every three to five graphitic sheets. For most tubes the helix angles increase by regular increments, probably due to the residual memory effect of the successive sheet groups on the underlying helical structure. An analysis of the way in which the hexagonal configuration of carbon atoms in successive sheets may fit together suggests that neighboring sheets may maintain the same helix angle by changing the pitch of the helix, and that the helix angles within symmetrical tubes are limited to a well defined set of possible values in agreement with experimental observations. For tubes of polygonal cross section, hkl spots are seen to lie on characteristic ellipses in the SAED patterns, and a grouping of fringes in the HRTEM images is seen to correspond with the groups of graphitic sheets having a constant helix angle.
Verification of switching network properties using satisfiability

In this paper, we consider a network of OpenFlow switches as an acyclic network of high-dimensional Boolean functions. We reduce classic network properties to logic functions over the variables of this network, and demonstrate that these properties hold if and only if the conjunction of the derived Boolean network and proposition is satisfied. We demonstrate that the derived satisfiability instance is polynomially related to the size of the switch network and the network property. The problem of verification of OpenFlow networks is thus demonstrated to be in the class NP. We show that OpenFlow Verification is NP-complete by a reduction from SAT. We further consider a slight restriction in the OpenFlow rule set to prefix rules, and demonstrate that OpenFlow Verification is polynomial when the ruleset is restricted to prefix rules.
Alzheimer's disease: A prion protein connection

More than 20 million people worldwide have Alzheimer's disease, yet its causes remain mostly uncertain. Fresh findings provide molecular clues, linking this disease to another neurodegenerative disorder.
Centrally programmed feeding in helisoma: Identification and characteristics of an electrically coupled premotor neuron network

Abstract (1) The oscillatory network underlying centrally programmed feeding in the fresh water pulmonate, Helisoma trivolvis , was studied using intracellular recording and staining techniques. These premotor neurons have been termed cyberchron neurons. (2) Intracellular staining with Procion yellow has allowed the construction of a soma map and tentative identification of axonal projections of the cyberchron neurons. (3) Cyberchron neurons form a tightly electrically coupled network. Coupling coefficients range from 0.15 to 0.5, and electrotonic junctions allow the passage of Procion dye from cell to cell. Electrical synapses act as low pass filters, and allow spatial and temporal summation. (4) Burst generation within the network is the result of network interaction manifest as regenerative positive feedback from neuron to neuron via attenuating electrical synapses. (5) Decreased coupling between cyberchron neurons during and immediately following a burst is observed, and is discussed as a possible mechanism for burst termination.
Tunnel Barrier Enhanced Voltage Signal Generated by Magnetization Precession of a Single Ferromagnetic Layer

We report the electrical detection of magnetization dynamics in an $\mathrm{Al}/{\mathrm{AlO}}_{x}/{\mathrm{Ni}}_{80}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{20}/\mathrm{Cu}$ tunnel junction, where a ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{80}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{20}$ ferromagnetic layer is brought into precession under ferromagnetic resonance conditions. The dc voltage generated across the junction by the precessing ferromagnet is enhanced about an order of magnitude compared to the voltage signal observed when the contacts in this type of multilayered structure are Ohmic. We discuss the relation of this phenomenon to magnetic spin pumping and speculate on other possible underlying mechanisms responsible for the enhanced electrical signal.
Emergency department patient perceptions and preferences on opt-in rapid HIV screening program components.

Abstract The aim of this investigation was to assess emergency department (ED) patients’ perceptions and preferences about an opt-in, universal, rapid HIV screening program and identify patient groups who expressed stronger beliefs about components of the testing program. From July 2005 to July 2006, ED patients in the opt-in, universal, rapid HIV screening program were interviewed in person. Multivariable regression models were used to compare participants on their beliefs about the program components. Of the 561 participants, 62.0% had previously been tested for HIV. The majority of participants (58.8%) believed the rapid and standard/conventional HIV tests to be equally accurate, 27.7% believed the rapid test to be less or much less accurate, and 8.7% believed the rapid test to be more or much more accurate. Almost two-thirds (65.1%) favored having a rapid instead of a standard/conventional HIV test, 94.6% wanted the test results within one hour, and 61.3% would be likely or very likely to undergo test...
Continuous ultrasonic devulcanization of unfilled NR vulcanizates

Sulfur-cured unfilled natural rubber (NR) is successfully devulcanized in a continuous extrusion process under the application of high-power ultrasonic energy. The die characteristics and ultrasonic power consumption are measured. A unique correlation is found between the crosslink density and gel fraction of the devulcanized NR. This correlation is independent of the processing parameters, such as barrel temperature, die gap, flow rate, and amplitude of ultrasound. However, these parameters do influence the degree of devulcanization. In most cases, the degree of devulcanization is found to pass through a maximum at an intermediate level of ultrasonic energy. It is hypothesized that simultaneous breakup and reformation of crosslinks occur during the devulcanization of NR, with the relative contribution of each being determined by the process parameters. The cure curves and mechanical properties of the revulcanized NR are studied. The mechanical properties are found to depend on the revulcanization recipe. On optimizing it, tensile strength as high as 14.2 MPa is achieved, which is about 70% of that of the virgin NR vulcanizate. Ultimate elongation as high as 670% is obtained, which is the same as that of the virgin NR vulcanizate. Such stress–strain behavior is an indication that the devulcanized NR maintains the strain-induced crystallization characteristics inherent to the virgin NR vulcanizates. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 2007–2019, 1998
Identification of new MHC-restriction elements for presentation of the p210 BCR-ABL fusion region to human cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by a t(9;22) translocation resulting in expression of BCR-ABL fusion oncoproteins which are unique to the leukemic cells, necessary for oncogenesis, and potentially immunogenic. We have previously shown that human dendritic cells transduced with an adeno-associated virus vector encoding the fusion region of the b3a2 splice variant (p210b3a2) of the BCR-ABL oncoprotein elicit specific T-cell responses in vitro. Two cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones generated in this fashion displayed restriction with previously unreported HLA alleles. The first, T1/B9, was CD4+ and restricted by DRB5*0101 (autologous) or DRB1*1101 (allogeneic). The minimum cytotoxic epitope (MCE) binding to DRB5*0101 for this clone was identified as FKQSSKALQ, overlapping the p210b3a2 fusion point (boldface). The MCE of DRB1*1101 for this clone differed from DRB5*0101, but also included the fusion point. The clonality of CTL T1/B9 was verified by analyses of TCRα/β chain usage and DNA sequence analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a single clone recognizing both DRB5*0101 and DRB1*1101. The other CTL clone, T1/33, was CD8+ and recognized HLA-B*3501 or B*3503 complexed with an MCE, RPVASDFEP, derived from the c-abl sequence in proximity to the p210b3a2 fusion point. K562 cells transfected with plasmids encoding HLA-DRA + B5*0101, B*3501, or B*3503 but not controls expressing DRA + DRB1*1501 were lysed by cognate CTL clones, confirming that DRB5*0101 and B*3501/3 could present p210b3a2 joining region epitopes via endogenous processing. The identification of three additional HLA alleles (DRB5*0101, B*3501, and B*3503) presenting the p210b3a2 fusion-region antigen will broaden the application of vaccine strategies for targeting CML cells. The findings of single CTL clones cross-recognizing autologous (DRB5*0101 or B*3501) and allogeneic (DRB1*1101 or B*3503) HLA alleles presenting BCR-ABL fusion-region epitopes implies the potential separation of graft-versus-leukemia from graft-versus-host effects.
Ground state and elementary excitations of a model valence-fluctuation system

The nature of the valence-fluctuation problem is described, and motivations are given for an Anderson lattice model Hamiltonian. A simple trial wavefunction is posed for the ground state, and the variational problem is solved. This demonstrates clearly that there is no Kondo-like divergence; the present “concentrated Kondo” problem is thus more simple mathematically than the single-impurity problem. Elementary excitations are studied by the Green's function techniques of Zubarev and Hubbard. Quenching of local moments and a large specific heat are found at low temperatures. The quasiparticle spectrum exhibits a gap, but ϵf does not lie in this gap. The insulationlike feature of SmB6, SmS, and TmSe at very low temperatures is explained in terms of a strongly reduced mobility for states near the gap, and reasons are given why this feature is not observed in other valence-fluctuation compounds.
Microscopic mechanisms of short pulse laser spallation of molecular solids

The mechanisms of photomechanical spallation are investigated in a large-scale MD simulation of laser interaction with a molecular target performed in an irradiation regime of inertial stress confinement. The relaxation of laser-induced thermoelastic stresses is found to be responsible for the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of voids in a broad sub-surface region of the irradiated target. The depth of the region subjected to void evolution is defined by the competition between the evolving tensile stresses and thermal softening of the material due to the laser heating. The initial void volume distribution obtained in the simulation of laser spallation can be well described by a power law. A similar volume distribution is obtained in a series of simulations of uniaxial expansion of the same molecular system performed at a strain rate and temperature realized in the irradiated target. Spatial and time evolution of the laser-induced pressure predicted in the MD simulation of laser spallation is related to the results of an integration of a thermoelastic wave equation. The scope of applicability of the continuum calculations is discussed.
Clay mineral dispersal patterns in the north Bering and Chukchi Seas

Abstract Characterization of the clay mineralogic constituents of the μ m e.s.d. (equivalent spherical diameter) size fraction of contemporary marine and fluvial sediments from the north Bering Sea—Chukchi Sea region and adjacent land areas has resulted in delineation of suites dominated by broadly defined “illitic” and “expandable group” components, with lesser amounts of chlorite and kaolinite. Distribution patterns elucidated indicate net northward transport of sediments relatively enriched in the “expandable group” with predominant terrigen ous source from the Yukon River system. This material is distributed across the study area in a medial zone along a general north—south trend, with peripherally decreasing relative amounts of this “expandable group” component, and concomitant relative increases in the “illitic” components. These patterns are consistent with known physical oceanographic and regional geologic relationships, in terms of sediment sources, transport processes, and depositional mechanisms. The foregoing suggest, further, that consideration of the stratigraphic relationships of these clay mineral component-types, as a function of time, in relevant marine sediments north and south of the present Bering Strait, should be informative with respect to regional Quaternary paleogeography, as related to global sea level fluctuations during glacial and interglacial episodes.
Variable temperature pressure broadening of the 41,4–32,1 transition of H2O by O2 and N2

The O2 and N2 pressure-broadening parameters of the 4(1,4)-3(2,1) rotational transition in the ground vibrational state of H2O have been measured in the temperature range between 100 and 520 K. Above 250 K the measurements were made in an equilibrium cell. Below 250 K a cell, which uses collisional cooling to circumvent the temperature limits imposed by the vapor pressure of the sample gas, was used. The data were fitted to an exponential temperature-dependence for data above 150 K with resultant n values of 0.81(3) for O2 and 0.70(3) for N2, where the entries in parentheses represent the error in the last significant figure of the parameter. Below 150 K the measured pressure-broadening parameters are smaller than those calculated using these values of n.
PACS subsystems performance: centralized versus distributive

We studied the performance characteristics of the acquisition and display subsystems of a clinical picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The PACS was configured to a centralized model and a distributed model. The performance of each subsystem in the two models were measured and compared. In both models, a control computer was designated to direct the flow of image data from the acquisition subsystem to the display subsystem so that performance of these two subsystems can be separately measured. Two image modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), were selected for the performance study. Approximately 100 gigabytes of image data from 3 MR scanners and 3 CT scanners were analyzed. The performance of the acquisition subsystem was measured in terms of the delivery time of an individual image file from an acquisition computer to the control computer. The performance of the display subsystem was measured in terms of the delivery time of an individual image file from the control computer to a display unit. Results showed that the centralized PACS model had better control and required less maintenance than the distributed PACS model. However, the performance of a centralized model degraded significantly when more input (radiologic imaging modalities) or output (display station) devices were encountered.
Particulate Exposures Resulting from the Investigation and Remediation of a Crash Site of an Aircraft Containing Carbon Composites

Composite materials such as carbon fiber/epoxy composites are becoming an increasingly important structural component of modern aircraft. The release of carbon fibers from their epoxy matrix during combustion has generated concern from both a personal exposure hazard standpoint and from an electrical equipment hazard standpoint. This study reports the results of air sampling for particulates conducted after the crash and burn of an aircraft containing approximately 590 kg (1300 lb) of carbon fiber composites. Air samples were taken for fiber counts by optical microscopy, by respirable and nonrespirable gravimetric analysis, and for gravimetric analysis using a personal cascade impactor. The results indicated that particulate levels from undisturbed wreckage were minimal. Particulate levels at or over recommended exposure limits were generated when the wreckage was disturbed for investigation and site remediation. The generated particulates were mainly of a nonrespirable size (greater than 10 µm). Particul...
Biological Discoveries and the Future of the Family: A Reappraisal

Biochemical research has strongly influenced social change especially change in the family. Contraception sex control the preservation of spermatazoa sex hormonal therapy geriatrics and human genetics are all discussed with regard to current knowledge and social demand. Contraceptives have had a great social effect. The research has not been complex and the demand high. However the ability to control the sex of a child holds potential for even greater social change. Social demand in this area has been lower than that for effective contraceptives and there has been a discontinuity in the pace of research. Past research in this field is then highlighted. The storage of spermatazoa has great potential in the area of eugenics and a great possiblity for social change exists. Although interest in geriatrics has grown profoundly in the last decade biological research especially in the area of degenerative disease has been slow. Research also has made progress at the fundamental level and the discoveries of the synthesis of DNA and RNA gives an optimistic picture of future heredity control including the prevention of genetic disease.
Multitriangle: A Constant Node Degree Interconnection Network

We propose a constant node degree network topology, multitriangle, which is hierarchical, recursive, and expansive. First we introduce a corner cutting approach that generates a set of new network topologies (including multitriangles), followed by a formal definition of the multitriangle network and discussion of its properties. The salient features of this network are that it is a constant node degree network and it can be viewed as a hierarchical ring, a popular topology which has been adopted in several commercial systems. Algorithms for node-to-node routing, hierarchical ring routing, optimal ring routing, and broadcasting are presented. The multitriangle network is analyzed in terms of diameter, degree, average distance, and message density, and results are compared with other relevant networks.
Comparison between Experimental Measurements and Numerical Calculations of the Structure of Heptane-Air Diffusion Flames

Abstract Detailed numerical calculations are performed to determine the structure of heptane-air diffusion flames, and the results are compared with experimental measurements. The configuration used is the diffusion flame stabilized in the vicinity of a stagnation plane, which is formed by directing an oxidi2ing gas flow onto the vaporizing surface of a pool of heptane. Profiles of the concentration of various stable species and of the temperature have been measured by gas chromatography and by thermocouples. respectively. To evaluate the influence of strain on the structure or the flame, the measurements taken at a fixed composition of the oxidizer stream and at two values of the strain rate were chosen for comparison with the calculated results. The computations were performed using a chemical kinetic mechanism consisting of forty-two elementary reactions involving eighteen species. To simplify the chemical kinetic mechanism, it was assumed that heptane is attacked by radicals to form the heptyl radical...
THIRD SOUND AND THE SUPERFLUID PARAMETERS OF THIN HELIUM FILMS.

where P~I/P is the superfluid fraction in the film, f is the body force due to van der Waals force of attraction of the substrate for the helium, d is the thickness of the film, T is the temperature, S is the entropy of the helium, and L is the latent heat of the helium. For most of the temperature range of interest TS/L << 1 (it decreases with decreasing temperature and at 1.5°K, TS/L < 0.02). If # is the potential of f , then it is known that
Enhancing experiential education: Implementing and improving the journal club experience

Abstract Journal club has been recognized for years as an important learning tool for student pharmacists. Literature evaluation activities consistently prove to be one of the most challenging aspects of pharmacy education for students, residents, preceptors, and even seasoned pharmacists. As clinical pharmacy practice continues to expand through innovative new health care delivery models, pharmacists and students alike have expanded opportunities to learn new skills and information through the journal club process. For pharmacy preceptors, initiating and maintaining a regular and effective journal club can be a daunting addition to other job and precepting responsibilities. This article provides resources for implementing and improving journal club in the fast-paced pharmacy practice settings of today.
Effects of bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L.) rhizome ethanol extracts on cytokine production by blood mononuclear cells during flowering and fruiting

Abstract Extracts from bloodroot ( Sanguinaria canadensis L., Papaveraceae) are used in herbal medicines due to their anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and tumouricidal properties. Benzophenanthridine alkaloids are the purported bioactive molecules. Although substantial investigative attention has been given to isolated alkaloids, little attention has been given to whole-plant extracts such as those used in both traditional and contemporary herbal medicine. The purposes of this investigation were to: (a) investigate the immunomodulatory properties of bloodroot rhizome ethanol extracts using a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell model of in vitro cytokine production and cell proliferation; (b) characterize alkaloid content of the extracts using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS); and, (c) determine if the flowering and fruiting status of bloodroot influenced the preceding outcomes by sampling plants over a 6-week springtime period. LC/MS detected seven quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids, six which could be quantified (chelerythrine, chelilutine, chelirubine, sanguilutine, sanguirubine, and sanguinarine) and one detected in trace amounts (protopine). Sanguinarine was most abundant. Extracts demonstrated immunosuppressive effects on production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-8, and cell proliferation. Production of other cytokines including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor was not influenced by treatment. Extract immunomodulatory activities were consistent across all time points sampled. Alkaloid content did not differ significantly across the time points sampled and could not be correlated to immune outcomes, suggesting that traditional marker components may not adequately explain bloodroot rhizome extract immunomodulatory activity.
Time course of stretch-induced isometric strength deficits

Stretching in the warm-up was been shown to decrease several muscular performance variables, but the dose-response of this effect is unknown. This study documented the change in isometric grip strength over ten trials in a convenience sample of young adults randomly assigned to control (n=22) or repeated bouts of 10-s static stretches of the wrist flexors (n=35). There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in the change in mean normalized grip strength between the control and stretching groups that was not significantly different across gender. Grip strengths in the control group were consistent with a linear trend, while the grip strengths in the stretching group declined in a logarithmic fashion to 88.8% with 100 s of stretching. Statistically significant (P<0.05) differences in normalized grip strength between the two groups appeared after 40 s of stretching. Meaningful decreases in isometric grip strength following static stretching are likely to appear in young adults following 20–40 s of static stretching.