cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Progress and strategies for patients with relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The treatment of patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia remains challenging. Management of these patients must take into account patient and leukemia-related factors in order to organize a comprehensive approach to treatment. Many new therapies are under study. RECENT FINDINGS New molecular markers that represent mutations or gene overexpression have been identified including FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 and nucleophosmin, which will enhance our ability to more accurately prognosticate for patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Monoclonal antibodies and peptide vaccination with leukemia-associated antigens bring the hope of increasing the remission and cure rates for patients with acute myeloid leukemia. The use of reduced-intensity conditioning blood or marrow transplantation is finding a broader role in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. SUMMARY Patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia should be entered on clinical trials whenever feasible given the lack of consensus on the most effective treatment in this setting. Blood and marrow transplantation remains the only known curative therapy for these patients and the use of reduced-intensity conditioning blood or marrow transplantation offers the option of this approach to older and more infirm patients. Greater understanding of the biology of acute myeloid leukemia will provide new molecular targets of use in diagnosis, monitoring, and for the development of new, targeted therapies.
Structural white matter changes in descending motor tracts correlate with improvements in motor impairment after undergoing a treatment course of tDCS and physical therapy

Motor impairment after stroke has been related to the structural and functional integrity of corticospinal tracts including multisynaptic motor fibers and tracts such as the cortico-rubral-spinal and the cortico-tegmental-spinal tract. Furthermore, studies have shown that the concurrent use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with peripheral sensorimotor activities can improve motor impairment. We examined microstructural effects of concurrent non-invasive bi-hemipheric stimulation and physical/occupational therapy for 10 days on the structural components of the CST as well as other descending motor tracts which will be referred to here as alternate motor fibers (aMF). In this pilot study, ten chronic patients with a uni-hemispheric stroke underwent Upper-Extremity Fugl-Meyer assessments (UE-FM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for determining diffusivity measures such as the fractional anisotropy (FA) before and after treatment in a section of the CST and aMF that spanned between the lower end of the internal capsule (below each patient’s lesion) and the upper pons region on the affected and unaffected hemisphere. The treated group (tDCS+PT/OT) showed significant increases in the proportional UE-FM scores (+21%; SD 10%), while no significant changes were observed in an untreated comparison group. Significant increases in FA (+0.007; SD 0.0065) were found in the ipsilesional aMF in the treated group while no significant changes were found in the contralesional aMF, in either CST, or in any tracts in the untreated group. The FA changes in the ipsilesional aMF significantly correlated with the proportional change in the UE-FM (r=0.65; p<0.05). The increase in FA might indicate an increase in motor fiber alignment, myelination, and overall fiber integrity. Crossed and uncrossed fibers from multiple cortical regions might be one reason why the aMF fiber system showed more plastic structural changes that correlate with motor improvements than the CST.
A rare ingestion of the Black Locust tree.

Background: The Black Locust (Robinia Pseudoacacia) tree contain toxalbumins, robin and phasin, that exert their toxic effects by inhibition of protein synthesis. Despite the potential dangers of Black Locust intoxication, reports of human toxicity after ingestion are rare. We report the first human intoxication of Black Locust bark in North America in over one hundred years. Case Report: An eight‐year‐old male was brought to the emergency department 6 hours after chewing and expelling the Black Locust bark. He presented with emesis, which began approximately 2.5 hours after exposure. His vital signs were as follows: oral temperature, 97.5° F; blood pressure, 128/75 mmHg; heart rate, 114 beats per minute; respiratory rate, 15 breaths per minute. Initial treatment included 4 mg IV ondansetron, which resolved the vomiting, one dose of activated charcoal, and intravenous fluids. He was then admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for observation of signs of toxicity. Laboratory findings were unremarkable e...
Optimal DSNR detector for ramp edges

In practical images, ideal step edges are actually transformed into exponential ramp edges, due to the general low pass filtering nature of imaging systems. This paper discusses the application of a newly developed expansion matching method for optimal ramp edge detection. Expansion matching optimizes a novel matching criterion called discriminative signal to noise ratio (DSNR). The DSNR criterion represents the desirable qualities of a sharp matching response with good localization and minimal off-center response. These requirements are consistent with the three criteria of signal-to-noise ratio, localization, and multiple response suppression used by Canny (1986) and others for optimal edge detection. We compare the optimal ramp edge detector based on DSNR with the ramp edge detector derived from Canny's criteria. We show that our ramp edge detector performs better than the ramp detector obtained from Canny's criteria in terms of DSNR and is relatively easier to derive for various amounts of noise and slopes.
Metacomputation-Based Compiler Architecture

This paper presents a modular and extensible style of language specification based on metacomputations. This style uses two monads to factor the static and dynamic parts of the specification, thereby staging the specification and achieving strong binding-time separation. Because metacomputations are defined in terms of monads, they can be constructed modularly and extensibly using monad transformers. A number of language constructs are specified: expressions, control-flow, imperative features, and block structure. Metacomputation-style specification lends itself to semantics-directed compilation, which we demonstrate by creating a modular compiler for a block-structured, imperative while language.
Intraoperative Device Closure of Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Defects

Postinfarction ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are associated with high mortality and typically these are treated urgently with surgery for exclusion patch repair. Percutaneous closure of postinfarction VSDs using occlusion devices is feasible in some patients, but in some cases device deployment may not be possible due to VSD anatomy or valvular apparatus interference. We report the novel technique of deploying Amplatzer VSD devices in the operating room under direct vision through a right atriotomy with and without aortotomy in 2 patients with large inferobasal VSDs after myocardial infarction.
SIR WALDRON SMITHERS AND THE LONG WALK TO FINCHLEY

The television drama ‘Margaret Thatcher: The Long Walk to Finchley’ has Sir Waldron Smithers strongly objecting to Thatcher's selection as a Conservative candidate prior to the 1950 General Election. It is more likely that Smithers would have found her a kindred ideological spirit: both shared an anti-socialist commitment and admiration for Hayek's ‘The Road to Serfdom’.
Temperature, Water and Fertilizer Influence the Timing of Key Events During Grain Development in a US Spring Wheat

Controlled environments were used to define the manner in which temperature, water and fertilizer affect the timing of key transition points during grain development and to investigate the effects of combined environmental factors in a US spring wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.)). When plants were subjected to very high temperature regimens (37/17 or 37/28C day/night) during grain development, the times to maximum kernel water content, maximum dry weight and harvest maturity were shorter than in plants maintained under a 24/17C day/night regimen. Starch accumulated at similar rates, but the onset and cessation of starch accumulation occurred earlier. Apoptosis in endosperm tissue also occurred earlier under high temperatures and coincided with physiological maturity. The addition of drought to the 37/17C regimen further shortened the time to maximum water content and dry weight and reduced the duration of starch accumulation, but did not influence the timing of protein accumulation or kernel desiccation. Post-anthesis fertilizer had little effect on time to maximum water content, dry weight, apoptosis, or harvest maturity under any of the temperature regimens and did not influence the timing of starch accumulation. However, both the rate and duration of protein accumulation were reduced when post-anthesis fertilizer was omitted. # 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
Transplantation of β-Endorphin Neurons into the Hypothalamus Promotes Immune Function and Restricts the Growth and Metastasis of Mammary Carcinoma

Neurobehavioral stress has been shown to promote tumor growth and progression and dampen the immune system. In this study, we investigated whether inhibiting stress hormone production could inhibit the development of mammary carcinoma and metastasis in a rat model of breast carcinogenesis. To enhance β-endorphin (BEP), the endogenous opioid polypeptide that boosts immune activity and decreases stress, we generated BEP neurons by in vitro differentiation from fetal neuronal stem cells and transplanted them into the hypothalami of rats subjected to breast carcinogenesis. BEP-transplanted rats displayed a reduction in mammary tumor incidence, growth, malignancy rate, and metastasis compared with cortical cells-transplanted rats. BEP neuron transplants also reduced inflammation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the tumor tissues. In addition, BEP neuron transplants increased peripheral natural killer (NK) cell and macrophage activities, elevated plasma levels of antiinflammatory cytokines, and reduced plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. Antimetastatic effects along with stimulation of NK cells and macrophages could be reversed by treatment with the opiate antagonist naloxone, the β-receptor agonist metaproterenol, or the nicotine acetylcholine receptor antagonist methyllycaconitine. Together, our findings establish a protective role for BEP against the growth and metastasis of mammary tumor cells by altering autonomic nervous system activities that enhance innate immune function.
Ionic effects on the membrane potential of hyperpolarizing photoreceptor in scallop retina

1. The effects of different external ionic conditions and of metabolic inhibitors on the membrane potential of hyperpolarizing photoreceptors in the retina of the scallop Pecten irradians were examined in the presence and absence of light. 2. Changes in extracellular K+ have a greater effect on membrane potential in the light than in darkness. The receptor potential is increased in amplitude when [K]o is reduced and decreased when [K]o is elevated. It is hyperpolarizing when [K]o is less than the estimated value for [K]i and depolarizing when this condition is reversed. 3. The complete replacement of [Na]o causes a significant hyperpolarization of membrane potential in darkness, whereas it has a much smaller hyperpolarizing effect on the peak of the receptor potential. 4. The ratio of Na+ to K+ permeabilities (PNa/PK) decreases during bright illumination. Our results suggest that PK is seven times that for PNa in the dark but is 57 times greater than PNa in light. 5. The metabolic inhibitors DNP and NaCN cause membrane potential in the dark to hyperpolarize. This hyperpolarization is associated with a decrease in the PNa/PK ratio similar to that found during illumination. 6. High [Ca+]o also causes membrane potential in the dark to hyperpolarize. This hyperpolarization is associated with an increase in membrane conductance. 7. The results indicate that the hyperpolarizing receptor potential of the distal photoreceptor is produced by a light-evoked increase in K+ permeability.
A Modified Isokinetic Strengthening Program for Patients with Severe Hemophilia

SUMMARY A modified isokinetic strengthening program for the knee flexors and extensors was evaluated in 32 patients with severe hemophilia. The program was effective in significantly strengthening the knee flexors and extensors; it did not increase the number of knee hemarthroses; and it could be done at home without special equipment. The greater increases in extensor and flexor strength among adolescents and adults were associated with less severe arthropathy, a l cm increase in thigh girth, and a greater number of days on which the exercises were done. RESUME Utilisation d'un programme modifie de musculation isokinetique chez des enfants presentant une hemophilie grave Un programme modifie de musculation isokinetique des flechisseurs et extenseurs de genou a ete analyse chez 32 sujets presentant une hemophilie grave. Le programme d'entrainement fut efficace en renforcant significativement les flechisseurs et extenseurs du genou, n'accrut pas le nombre des hemarthroses du genou et pu etre effectuea domicile sans equipment special. Dans les groupes d'âge adulte et adolescent, il y avait une association entre un accroissement plus important de la force des flechisseurs et extenseurs du genou, moins de douleurs articulaires, un accroissement d'un centimetre du tour de cuisse et un nombre accru de jours d'entrainement. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Sinn eines modifizierten isokinetischen Trainingprogramms bei Patienten mit schwerer Hamophilie Bei 32 Patienten mit schwerer Hamophilie wurde ein modifiziertes isokinetisches Trainingprogramm fur Knieflexoren und -extensoren gepruft. Das Trainingprogramm bewirkte eine signifikante Kraftigung der Knieflexoren and -extensoren, es hatte keine erhohte Anzahl von Kniehamarthrosen zur Folge und es konnte zu Hause ohne eine spezielle Ausrustung durchgefuhrt werden. In den jugendlichen und erwachsenen Altersgruppen fand sich im Zusammenhang mit zunehmender Muskelkraft in den knieextensoren und -flexoren ein geringer Schweregrad der Arthropathie, eine Zunahme des Oberschenkelumfangs um l cm und eine Zunahme der Trainingstage. RESUMEN Utilizacion de un programa modificado de fortalecimiento isoquinetico en pacientes con hemofilia grave Se evaluo un programa modificado de fortalecimiento isoquinetico para los flexores y extensores de la rodilla en 32 pacientes con hemofilia grave. El programa de ejercicios fue efectivo para fortalecer los flexores y extensores de la rodilla, no aumento el numero de hemartrosis de rodilla y pudo ser realizado en casa sin ningun equipo especial. En asociacion con un mayor aumento en la fuerza de flexores y extensores, estaban los grupos de adolescentes y adultos, una artropatia menos grave, un aumento de l cm en el contorno del muslo y un aumento en el numero de dias de ejercicio.
Majority’s Perception of Minority Groups on Housing Values: A Study Within the San Juan MSA, Puerto Rico

The importance of neighborhood characteristics in housing markets is indisputable because housing is fixed in geographic space. This research uses a survey to explore neighborhood residents’ perceptions about minority groups and housing values in specific areas within the San Juan MSA, Puerto Rico. The study uncovers the ethnic variables that influence housing values. The results showed a tendency of perception based on spatial context and distance. In addition, this study helps to understand race, ethnicity, and place in the context of the island of Puerto Rico.
Stocker/Feeder Cattle Standardized Performance Analysis

The Standardized Performance Analysis (SPA) for stocker/feed cattle is a recommended set of production and financial performance analysis guidelines developed specifically for the grazing, growing, and finishing phases of beef cattle production. Guidelines were developed by members of the National Cattlemen's Association (NCA), Extension Specialists, and the National Integrated Resource Management Conrdination Committee to provide beef cattle producers with a comprehensive, standardized means of measuring, analyzing, and reporting the performance and profitability of an operation. This article describes and illustrates through an example the performance measures chosen. The NCA certifies software and education materials conforming to the Stocker/Feeder Guidelines.
The voice of the visitor: Popular reactions to the exhibition Vernichtungskrieg. Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941–1944

This paper examines popular reactions to the so-called Wehrmachtsausstellung through the lens of entries in the exhibition’s visitors’ books. The majority of such entries are informed by visitors’ generational identity vis-a-vis National Socialism. Harlad Welzer’s theory of memory, derived from his studies of multi-generational family discourse about the Nazi past, provides a framework for analysing the entries. Similarities and differences emerge between Welzer’s observations and the entries in the visitors’ books. While the books represent just one among many possible sources that shed light on popular reactions to the exhibition, they nevertheless provide a fruitful source of enquiry for an understanding of the dynamic between public history and individual/family memory in the construction of historical consciousness about the legacy of National Socialism.
Indocyanine Green: Historical Context, Current Applications, and Future Considerations.

Background. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a dye used in medicine since the mid-1950s for a variety of applications in in cardiology, ophthalmology, and neurosurgery; however, its fluorescent properties have only recently been used in the intraoperative evaluation of tissue perfusion. Method. A literature review was conducted on the characterization and employment of ICG within the medical field. Historical and current context of ICG was examined while also considering implications for its future use. Results. ICG is a relatively nontoxic, unstable compound bound by albumin in the intravascular space until rapid clearance by the liver. It has widespread uses in hepatic, cardiac, and ophthalmologic studies, and its use in analyzing tissue perfusion and identifying sentinel lymph nodes in cancer staging is gaining popularity. Conclusions. ICG has myriad applications and poses low risk to the patient. Its historical uses have contributed to medical knowledge, and it is now undergoing investigation for quantifyin...
Identification of a Key Cholesterol Binding Enhancement Motif in Translocator Protein 18 kDa

Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) in the mitochondrial outer membrane has been implicated in cholesterol transport regulating steroidogenesis. A human single polymorphism associated with anxiety disorders (A147T) and reduced pregnenolone production is adjacent to TSPO's cholesterol binding motif. In a mutant mimicking this polymorphism, we observe a lower level of binding of cholesterol. Further, three residues preceding A147 are more hydrophilic in a bacterial TSPO that has an affinity for cholesterol 1000-fold lower than that of the human form. Converting these residues to the human form in the bacterial homologue strikingly increases the affinity for cholesterol. An important role for this extended motif is further supported by covariance analysis.
Modeling of Temperatures in Cementitious Monoliths

Temperatures in large cementitious monoliths (works) can rise very high due to unfavorable thermal properties such as low conductivity and high diffusivity of the monolith and the surrounding media. Heat moderation becomes necessary in such situations to avoid excessive thermal stresses. Moderation due to the addition of inert additives such as sand in mortars is compared to that obtained by the addition of reactive but low heat evolution substituents such as Class C and Class F fly ashes. Substitution of cement by slag has also been considered. The hydration temperatures for the extreme conditions (adiabatic) have been experimentally measured and compared to those predicted under real conditions. Such a simulation has been made by measuring the thermal properties and analyzing the temperature distribution due to exothermic reactions as predicted by a finite differences computer model. In general, lower temperatures can be maintained by increasing the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the hydrating material. This material can be tailored for both heat evolution and setting times by incorporating inert additives such a sand (quartz) and/or reactive additives such as slag and fly ash.
International registry of liver tumors in liver transplantation. A registry update on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

In order to evaluate the impact of tumor characteristics on the outcome of survival following liver transplantation, a registry was established in 1992. The registry uses a mailout twice a year for initial reporting and for subsequent follow-up as the method of obtaining data. This report contains information from 644 patients from 57 institutions worldwide. Of those patients, 249 were alive and free of tumor, 27 patients were alive with tumor, 132 patients had died free of tumor and 139 patients had died with tumor. Of the deaths, half (135) were tumor related and 130 were non-tumor related. 97 patients' outcomes were not currently known. Factors influencing survival of HCC is the size of the tumor, multifocality, bilobar distribution, vascular invasion and tumor grade. In a Cox multivariate analysis tumor size of more than 5 cm, positive nodes and a poorly differentiated tumor were independent predictors of survival. The presence of an incidental tumor has a better prognosis than that of a non-incidental tumor; however, the difference is less than 10% at 5 years. Thus, an incidental hepatocellular carcinoma in a liver transplant patient should be treated as seriously and aggressively as a patient who was transplanted for the indication of a hepatocellular carcinoma.
TECHNIQUES FOR PRIMARY NERVE REPAIR

This article reviews the anatomy of the peripheral nerve, the pathophysiology of nerve injury, and Wallerian degeneration. It reviews the factors for deciding on immediate or delayed primary nerve repair and discusses the concept of longitudinal excursion of peripheral nerves about joints and the techniques for achieving an appropriate tension-free repair. The techniques of primary nerve repair, epineurial repair, and group fascicular repair are reviewed along with techniques for matching fascicles intraoperatively.
The Aesthetic Economy

This chapter describes the emergence of a post-mass-market aesthetic economy. A new interest in artisanal markets and boutique products is shown to indicate a fundamental shift in the mode of production from one where in producers produce things to satisfy tastes, to one that relies on taste to attach value to things. It explains how and why producers rely on taste to develop deeper, more intimate, connections with their customers, and how and why consumers increasingly look toward aesthetic commodities to develop social identities and relations. Rather than seeing a balanced reciprocity between the desires of producers and consumers, this chapter shows how efforts to advance the instrumentation of taste ends up destabilizing the exchange relation.
Reviving the Commodity: Recycling Trash and Lacan’s Master Discourse

This paper examines popular practices of recycling that give insight into the subject’s position to capitalism, and questions to what degree recycling alters the capitalist mode of production. I argue that rather than expressing a desire to forgo participation in the market, as in one does not purchase new commodities and therefore avoids the ecologically destructive cycle of overconsumption and excessive accumulation of trash, recycling posits the subject as a connoisseur of trash. I examine some specific recycling practices to shift the conversation about recycling from a (pseudo) critique of capitalism’s excesses, to a deep psychic desire for completeness. To better understand the psychic structure coordinating the subject’s thoughts and actions to the market, I turn to Jacques Lacan’s Master discourse. Using the discourse of the Master clarifies recycling’s primary function to neo-liberal capitalism.
The Real Lives of BIDs

BIDs tell a story of the privatized economic rebirth of city centers. It is true that, according to their members, BIDs are a success story in terms of their revitalization of deindustrialized downtowns (Symes and Steel 2003, p. 311). This is largely because BIDs have generally succeeded in raising local property values (Ellen et al. 2007) since “the ultimate aim of BIDs is to increase profits to its members” (Kennedy 1996, p. 299). This increase in property values is associated with an overall improvement in a BID’s neighborhood quality of life, such as a decrease in district crime (Hoyt 2005). BIDs therefore fit in neatly with their advocates’ position that privately managed contracted service delivery is simply more effective than government (Mitchell 1999).
Social skills training for adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder.

Deficits in social skills are a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), affecting individuals across the spectrum and throughout the lifespan. Despite the pervasiveness of this impairment, social skills training programs are arguably understudied compared to other treatment approaches for ASD, with social skills intervention studies for adolescents and adults especially scarce. This chapter will outline the characteristic social deficits common among adolescents and adults with ASD, as well as provide an overview of evidence-based treatment delivery methods, empirically supported social skills programs for adolescents and adults with ASD, and research methodology for studying social skills training. Limitations of existing social skills interventions for adolescents and adults are highlighted and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Abstractions, Idealizations, and Evolutionary Biology

ion, as described above, is inevitable in all description. So there is no news in the idea that abstraction is essential to scientific work. Without it, communication itself would be impossible. That leaves a significant question, for each field and each question, of how much abstraction is appropriate. Idealization I see as near-enough essential to science also, but in a way that is more controversial and substantial. The practice of science shows that fictionalizing is often a crucially important strategy, and also something that people can do while not recognizing what they are doing, and perhaps while talking in misleading ways about what they are doing. But we can certainly
A photoelastic analysis of propagation of Rayleigh waves past a step change in elevation

Abstract A series of photoelastic tests were conducted to determine transmission and reflection coefficients associated with the stress and displacement of a Rayleigh wave propagating past a step change in elevation on the boundary of an elastic half plane. The determinations were made on six different models with ratios of step height to wave length ( h /λ) ranging from 0 to 1.1. The stress transmission coefficient varied from 1 to about 1.5 as h /λ increased from 0 to 1.1. The stress reflection coefficient increased from 0 to 0.7 with increasing h /λ. The displacement transmission coefficient increased initially to a value of 1.4 for h /λ = 0.2 then decreased monotonically to about 1 as h /λ increased to 1.1. Finally, the displacement reflection coefficient increased monotonically from 0 to about 1.5 as h /λ increased over the range considered. The photoelastic method provides information over the entire region of interest which is very useful in the understanding and analysis of the complex wave interaction problems associated with Rayleigh wave propagation past boundary irregularities.
Fluctuation-Induced Diamagnetism above T c in Al and Al—Ag Alloys

We report here observations of the enhanced diamagnetism in bulk, cylindrical single crystals of pure aluminum and its alloys, for which the impurity in all cases is silver. The diamagnetism occurs above the thermodynamic transition temperature and is attributed to the formation of an appreciable number of Cooper pairs by means of fluctuations in the superconducting order parameter. It is clear from these measurements that these materials exhibit, or nearly exhibit, the universal magnetic field-dependent behavior previously reported by Gollub et al. 1 and successfully explained by the theories of Lee and Payne2 and Kurkijarvi et al. 3 for pure superconductors. Theoretical calculations by these same authors, extended to establish the form of the universal scaling law for both clean and dirty materials, will be shown, however, to be in disagreement with experiment.
A Unified Language for Mathematics and Physics

To cope with the explosion of information in mathematics and physics, we need a unified mathematical language to integrate ideas and results from diverse fields. Clifford Algebra provides the key to a unified Geometric Calculus for expressing, developing, integrating and applying the large body of geometrical ideas running through mathematics and physics.
Health Information Technology Continues to Show Positive Effect on Medical Outcomes: Systematic Review.

Background: Health information technology (HIT) has been introduced into the health care industry since the 1960s when mainframes assisted with financial transactions, but questions remained about HIT’s contribution to medical outcomes. Several systematic reviews since the 1990s have focused on this relationship. This review updates the literature. Objective: The purpose of this review was to analyze the current literature for the impact of HIT on medical outcomes. We hypothesized that there is a positive association between the adoption of HIT and medical outcomes. Methods: We queried the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) by PubMed databases for peer-reviewed publications in the last 5 years that defined an HIT intervention and an effect on medical outcomes in terms of efficiency or effectiveness. We structured the review from the Primary Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), and we conducted the review in accordance with the Assessment for Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Results: We narrowed our search from 3636 papers to 37 for final analysis. At least one improved medical outcome as a result of HIT adoption was identified in 81% (25/37) of research studies that met inclusion criteria, thus strongly supporting our hypothesis. No statistical difference in outcomes was identified as a result of HIT in 19% of included studies. Twelve categories of HIT and three categories of outcomes occurred 38 and 65 times, respectively. Conclusions: A strong majority of the literature shows positive effects of HIT on the effectiveness of medical outcomes, which positively supports efforts that prepare for stage 3 of meaningful use. This aligns with previous reviews in other time frames. [J Med Internet Res 2018;20(2):e41]
Quantifying the impacts of climate change and land use/cover change on runoff in the lower Connecticut River Basin

Climate change and land use and cover change (LUCC) have had great impacts on watershed hydrological processes. Although previous studies have focused on quantitative assessment of the impacts of climate change and human activities on decreasing run‐off change, few studies have examined regions that have significant increasing run‐off due to both climate variability and land cover change. We show that annual run‐off had a significant increasing trend from 1956 to 2014 in the U.S. lower Connecticut River Basin. Abrupt change point years of annual run‐off for four subbasins are detected by nonparametric Mann–Kendall–Sneyers test and reconfirmed by the double mass curve. We then divide the study period into 2 subperiods at the abrupt change point year in the early 1970s for each subbasin. The Choudhury–Yang equation based on Budyko hypothesis was used to calculate precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, and landscape elasticities of run‐off. The results show that the difference in mean annual run‐off between 2 subperiods for each subbasin ranged from 102 to 165.6 mm. Climate variations were the primary drivers of increasing run‐off in this region. Quantitative contributions of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration in all subbasins are 106.5% and −3.6% on average, respectively. However, LUCC contributed both positively and negatively to run‐off: −18.6%, −13.3%, and 10.1% and 9.9% for 4 subbasins. This may be attributed to historical LUCC occurring after the abrupt change point in each subbasin. Our results provide critical insight on the hydrological dynamics of north‐east tidal river systems to communities and policymakers engaged in water resources management in this region.
Does Empathy Promotion Necessarily Lead to Greater Forgiveness? An Experimental Examination

Empathy toward one’s offender has been identified as an important variable in the forgiveness process, but elements of the empathy—forgiveness connection have yet to be explored. The current study experimentally examined both direct and indirect methods of promoting general empathy (i.e., empathy not connected specifically to the offense) toward a confederate who behaved inconsiderately, and how those methods of general empathy promotion affected forgiveness. Results demonstrated that a direct method of promoting empathy (i.e., being instructed to empathize with the confederate) increased empathy toward the confederate, whereas an indirect method (i.e., the confederate’s display of emotional vulnerability) did not significantly increase empathy. The direct promotion of general empathy facilitated higher levels of self-reported forgiveness, whereas the indirect attempt to promote general empathy resulted in lower self-reported and behavioral forgiveness. The results help to refine our understanding of the empathy—forgiveness connection by questioning the types and forms of empathy that might be useful for promoting forgiveness.
Merely partial definition and the analysis of knowledge

Two families of positions dominate debates over a metaphysically reductive analysis of knowledge. Traditionalism holds that knowledge has a complete, uniquely identifying analysis, while knowledge-first epistemology contends that knowledge is primitive—admitting of no reductive analysis whatsoever. Drawing on recent work in metaphysics, I argue that these alternatives fail to exhaust the available possibilities. Knowledge may have a merely partial analysis: a real definition that distinguishes it from some, but not all other things. I demonstrate that this position is attractive; it evades concerns that its rivals face.
Caruncular Approach to the Medial Orbit

The transcaruncular approach to the orbit provides rapid exposure of the subperiosteal medial orbit, with access to the medial roof and medial floor, for example, in cases of orbital decompression or orbital blowout fracture. There is no cutaneous scar. The primary anatomic risk is to the lacrimal system: The approach must be designed along Horner’s muscle, posterior to the lacrimal sac, in order to avoid cutting through the canalicular system. Careful incision design and dissection decrease the tendency for fat to enter the field, but the surgeon has to be prepared to deal with some exposed orbital fat.
Induction of apoptosis in MRC-5, diploid human fetal lung cells after infection with human coronavirus OC43.

Human coronaviruses (HCoV) cause upper respiratory tract infections manifested by symptoms of the common cold including rhinitis, tussis, fever, headache and myalgia (Hruskova et al 1990). HCoV respiratory illness is primarily virus-mediated; immunologic events have not been postulated to play a role (Makela et al 1998). Evidence showing the presence of viral genome in spinal fluid and brain suggests that HCoV may play an etiologic role in multiple sclerosis (Stewart et al 1992, Cristallo et al 1997). However, the pathogenesis of HCoV infections is poorly understood. In human embryonic tracheal organ cultures, HCoV causes a slow patchy destruction of the ciliated epithelial cells and in respiratory epithelial tissue cultures, the cytopathic effect is subtle, evident only by vacuolization and spindling.
Horizontal Gene Transfers with or without Cell Fusions in All Categories of the Living Matter

This article reviews the history of widespread exchanges of genetic segments initiated over 3 billion years ago, to be part of their life style, by sphero-protoplastic cells, the ancestors of archaea, prokaryota, and eukaryota. These primordial cells shared a hostile anaerobic and overheated environment and competed for survival. "Coexist with, or subdue and conquer, expropriate its most useful possessions, or symbiose with it, your competitor" remain cellular life's basic rules. This author emphasizes the role of viruses, both in mediating cell fusions, such as the formation of the first eukaryotic cell(s) from a united crenarchaeon and prokaryota, and the transfer of host cell genes integrated into viral (phages) genomes. After rising above the Darwinian threshold, rigid rules of speciation and vertical inheritance in the three domains of life were established, but horizontal gene transfers with or without cell fusions were never abolished. The author proves with extensive, yet highly selective documentation, that not only unicellular microorganisms, but the most complex multicellular entities of the highest ranks resort to, and practice, cell fusions, and donate and accept horizontally (laterally) transferred genes. Cell fusions and horizontally exchanged genetic materials remain the fundamental attributes and inherent characteristics of the living matter, whether occurring accidentally or sought after intentionally. These events occur to cells stagnating for some 3 milliard years at a lower yet amazingly sophisticated level of evolution, and to cells achieving the highest degree of differentiation, and thus functioning in dependence on the support of a most advanced multicellular host, like those of the human brain. No living cell is completely exempt from gene drains or gene insertions.
The Role of Palliative Care in Oral Cavity Carcinoma

The purpose of this study is to review the current and future role of palliative care in relation to oral cavity carcinoma (OCC). Palliative care for patients with OCC has traditionally been reserved for patients with advanced disease, recurrent disease, or poor performance status who are unable to undergo surgical or adjuvant treatments. Patients with early- or mid-stage disease were not typically offered palliative services. However, patients at all stages face quality of life issues including disruption of speech, eating, pain, mood, self-image, social interactions, work, and daily activities. This can directly affect performance status and has been shown to increase length of hospitalizations and decrease overall survival. Recent evidence suggests that involving palliative care earlier may decrease rates of depression, decrease cost, improve communication, and increase overall survival outcomes. Furthermore, new applications and innovations in radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy have broadened the palliative therapies available to patients with incurable disease. Given the impact that OCC has on quality of life during all stages of disease, a paradigm shift is occurring to involve palliative care at earlier stages. Recent evidence has shown that upstream palliative care increases quality of life and ultimately overall survival.
Neural measures of anticipatory bodily attention in children: Relations with executive function

Abstract The ability to selectively direct attention to a certain location or modality is a key neurocognitive skill. One important facet of selective attention is anticipation, a foundational biological construct that bridges basic perceptual processes and higher-order cognition. The current study focuses on the neural correlates of bodily anticipation in 6- to 8-year-old children using a task involving tactile stimulation. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity over sensorimotor cortex was measured after a visual cue directed children to monitor their right or left hand in anticipation of tactile stimulation. Prior to delivery of the tactile stimulus, a regionally-specific desynchronization of the alpha-range mu rhythm occurred over central electrode sites (C3/C4) contralateral to the cue direction. The magnitude of anticipatory mu rhythm desynchronization was associated with children’s performance on two executive function tasks (Flanker and Card Sort). We suggest that anticipatory mu desynchronization has utility as a specific neural marker of attention focusing in young children, which in turn may be implicated in the development of executive function.
Supplements and Natural Remedies for Depression

Over the past two decades, natural remedies have been growing in popularity in the USA and worldwide. Given the limitations of current treatments for depression, natural medications as well as other complementary therapies represent for many a beneficial alternative to registered medications, particularly in cases of limited efficacy and/or side effects. This chapter will review several popular natural remedies often used in the treatment of depression. Specific remedies covered include St. John’s wort (SJW), S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), omega-3 fatty acids, rhodiola, and some less-known ones. We will provide some historical and socioeconomic perspectives on treatment with natural products, including present-day limitations to the systematic study of these remedies. We will examine the published research data from efficacy studies and discuss potential mechanisms of antidepressant action and specific safety considerations for each. Evidence for these remedies is varied in quantity and quality, and many questions remain unanswered with regard to their place in the psychopharmacological armamentarium. Clinicians who read this chapter will develop a good sense of how to apply these remedies in clinical practice safely.
In vitro measurements of hemodynamic forces and their effects on endothelial cell mechanics at the sub-cellular level.

This paper presents micro-particle tracking velocimetry measurements over cultured bovine aortic endothelial cell monolayers in microchannels. The objective was to quantify fluid forces and cell morphology at the sub-cellular scale for monolayers subjected to steady shear rates of 5, 10, and 20 dyn/cm2. The ultimate goal of this study was to develop an experimental methodology for in vitro detailed study of physiologically realistic healthy and diseased conditions. Cell topography, shear stress, and pressure distributions were calculated from sets of velocity fields made in planes parallel to the microchannel wall. For each experiment, measurements were made in 3 h intervals for 18 h. It was found that there is a three-dimensional change in cell morphology as a result of applied shear stress. That is, cells flatten and become more wedge shaped in the stream direction while conserving volume by spreading laterally, i.e., in the cross-stream direction. These changes in cell morphology are directly related to local variations in fluid loading, i.e., shear stress and pressure. This paper describes the first flow measurements over a confluent layer of endothelial cells that are spatially resolved at the sub-cellular scale with a simultaneous temporal resolution to quantify the response of cells to fluid loading.
A metric for evaluating conformance robustness during geologic CO2 sequestration operations

Abstract A metric for quantifying the robustness of a designation of conformance of a geologic CO2 sequestration (GCS) project during its operational phase is developed and demonstrated. Conformance in this context is a measure of the degree to which the sequestration system is understood and can be accurately modeled along with the degree to which the storage system is performing as designed. The robustness of conformance quantifies the degree to which parameter values can deviate from their current nominal estimates and still produce model forecasts that meet the performance criteria for the GCS operation. We develop and demonstrate the approach on a simplified scenario to illustrate the concept using a single uncertain parameter (homogeneous reservoir permeability) and a single performance criterion (critical pressure at a monitoring well in the reservoir; i.e., one that may displace brine from the reservoir to an overlying drinking water aquifer for example). Increased confidence in conformance assessment as more monitoring data are obtained is incorporated through the standard error of the coefficient (reservoir permeability in the case presented here), which we designate as the concordance metric. As more monitoring data become available during the course of the GCS operation, the standard error of the coefficient decreases (in general), thereby leading to increased conformance robustness as a larger deviation from nominal is required to fail to meet performance criteria. Increasing conformance robustness over time builds confidence that a GCS project will continue to meet performance criteria during the life-span of the project, thereby supporting designations of conformance. A lack of conformance robustness provides a critical warning that the performance criteria of the GCS operation are not robust against probabilistic and non-probabilistic uncertainty in model conceptualization and/or model parameters.
College Counseling Center Outreach—An Organizing Framework

While outreach has long been considered an important component of counseling center efforts, the increasing demands for clinical services, along with increased severity and acuity of presenting con...
Idealized Simulations of the Inner Core Boundary Layer Structure in a Landfalling Tropical Cyclone. Part I: Kinematic Structure

Abstract The effects of coastal topography and coastal location in the distribution of boundary layer winds in the inner core of mature tropical cyclones are examined using a high-resolution multi-level model. In these numerical simulations, the evolution of the tropical cyclone boundary layer (TCBL) is studied in storm-relative coordinates, and in lieu of an actual steering current moving the model vortex, the position of the land-sea interface was shifted through the grid domain at a constant speed with separate surface boundary conditions specified over the land and ocean areas. It is shown that the presence of a coastal boundary produces land-induced asymmetries (along with an internal boundary layer) due to the asymmetric structure of surface drag. This land-induced asymmetry is found in both the azimuthal and radial wind field at landfall. For a moving storm, nonlinear advective interactions between storm-induced asymmetries and land-induced asymmetries can generate a lowlevel vorticity band ahead of the hurricane. When the storm motion vector has a component that is perpendicular to the coastal boundary, the interaction between this band and the mean vortex leads to a temporary weakening and re-intensification cycle. Furthermore, it is shown that the relative magnitude of the land-induced asymmetry depends upon the terrain slope and the terrain height such that the land-induced asymmetry dominates over the motion-induced asymmetry for elevated terrain. These results underscore the specific differences in boundary layer evolution and intensity evolution for hurricanes interacting with complex topographical features.