cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SU-B-213-07: Panel Discussion

The North American medical physics community validates the education received by medical physicists and the clinical qualifications for medical physicists through accreditation of educational programs and certification of medical physicists. Medical physics educational programs (graduate education and residency education) are accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Education Programs (CAMPEP), whereas medical physicists are certified by several organizations, the most familiar of which is the American Board of Radiology (ABR). In order for an educational program to become accredited or a medical physicist to become certified, the applicant must meet certain specified standards set by the appropriate organization. In this Symposium, representatives from both CAMPEP and the ABR will describe the process by which standards are established as well as the process by which qualifications of candidates for accreditation or certification are shown to be compliant with these standards. The Symposium will conclude with a panel discussion. Learning Objectives: Recognize the difference between accreditation of an educational program and certification of an individual Identify the two organizations primarily responsible for these tasks Describe the development of educational standards Describe the process by which examination questions are developed GS is Executive Secretary of CAMPEP.
A functional equation for the embedding of a homeomorphism of the interval into a flow

A functional equation φ(ω(x))=ω′(x)φ(x) for φ(x) is derived for the problem of finding φ so that for a given orientation-preserving everywhere-differentiable homeomorphism ω(x) of [0,1] with ω' ≠ 0, there exists a solution F(x,t) to Ft(x,t)=φ(F(x,t)) so that F(x,0)=x, F(x,1)=ω(x). A solution to the functional equation is given for the case where ω has a finite number of fixed points ai with ω'(ai) ≠ 1. The analogous equation in n-dimensional space is given.
Role of tropics in changing the response to Milankovich forcing some three million years ago

appeared in regions that today have intense oceanic upwelling: the eastern equatorial Pacific and the coastal zones of southwestern Africa and California. There was furthermore a significant change in the Earth’s response to Milankovich forcing: obliquity signals became large, but those associated with precession and eccentricity remained the same. The latter change in the Earth’s response can be explained by hypothesizing that the global cooling during the Cenozoic affected the thermal structure of the ocean; it caused a gradual shoaling of the thermocline. Around 3 Ma the thermocline was sufficiently shallow for the winds to bring cold water from below the thermocline to the surface in certain upwelling regions. This brought into play feedbacks involving
Forensic triage for mobile phones with DEC0DE

We present DEC0DE, a system for recovering information from phones with unknown storage formats, a critical problem for forensic triage. Because phones have myriad custom hardware and software, we examine only the stored data. Via flexible descriptions of typical data structures, and using a classic dynamic programming algorithm, we are able to identify call logs and address book entries in phones across varied models and manufacturers. We designed DEC0DE by examining the formats of one set of phone models, and we evaluate its performance on other models. Overall, we are able to obtain high performance for these unexamined models: an average recall of 97% and precision of 80% for call logs; and average recall of 93% and precision of 52% for address books. Moreover, at the expense of recall dropping to 14%, we can increase precision of address book recovery to 94% by culling results that don't match between call logs and address book entries on the same phone.
A cascade mode magnetophoretic microseparator for high efficiency blood cell separations

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a high efficiency blood cell separator based on a cascade design of the continuous paramagnetic capture mode magnetophoretic microseparator. The PMC cascade microseparator directly separates blood cells from whole blood based on their native magnetic properties using a high gradient magnetic field without the use of additives such as magnetic tagging or fluorescent dyes. Experimental results show that 93.5 % of red blood cells and 97.4 % of white blood cells, from whole blood, was separated within 5 minutes by using a conventional permanent magnet to create an external magnetic flux of 0.2 T.
The Medical–Industrial Complex and Conflict of Interest in Pain Education

It has been widely accepted that high-quality continuing medical education (CME) is important in all areas of medical practice [1–4]. However, given the challenges inherent in the practice of pain medicine in the United States, the importance of accurate, timely, and unbiased CME in pain—not only for “pain specialists” but for all professionals who treat pain—has become an even greater imperative. Despite recent Institute of Medicine data suggesting that 116 million Americans suffer from chronic pain [5] and the frequency of pain as the precipitating reason for physician visits [6], there are presently only five states that mandate pain CME for their physicians. State medical associations, for the most part, have vigorously opposed mandatory CME in pain, suggesting an attitude of physician autonomy trumping pain patient well-being. While many practitioners claim that the potential industry-driven conflicts of interest do not impact the manner in which they practice [7–9], a considerable body of literature [7,10–12] strongly suggests that this is not the case. Additionally, conflicts of interest play a role in eroding patient trust in physicians [13,14], which has certainly become a salient issue in pain medicine, particularly in recent years [15–17]. It has also been noted that not only does industry spend enormous amounts of money in efforts to influence physician practice, but does so in a manner meant to convince physicians that this is not its actual intention [18]. When, for …
Aerodynamic Damping Predictions in Turbomachines Using a Coupled Fluid-Structure Model

Flow-induced vibration of turbomachine blade rows is a coupled fluid-structure problem. Thus, rather than separate fluid and structural models, a coupled interacting fluid-structures analysis is needed. This need is addressed by extending the finite element code ALE3D that solves the three-dimensional Euler equations to model the unsteady aerodynamics of turbomachine blade rows. The same finite element model is applied to both the blading and the fluid, which results in consistency between the fluid and structure. Such a coupled interacting fluid-structure analysis enables the aerodynamic damping of multiple vibration modes to be predicted from two time-domain simulations: one with the blading in a vacuum and one with the blading in flow. This novel approach to predict aerodynamic damping is demonstrated by the consideration of a modern transonic compressor blade row. The blading is first impulsed in its first bending and first torsion modes in a vacuum. It is then immersed in the design-point flowfield and impulsed in its first bending and first torsion modes again. Signal processing tools applied to the predicted blade response time history extract the difference in the decay rate of both modes.
Effect of C9-Methyl Substitution and C8-C9 Conformational Restriction on Antifolate and Antitumor Activity of Classical 5-Substituted 2,4-Diaminofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidines1

N-[4-[1-Methyl-2-(2,4-diaminofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]-l-glutamic acid (5) and its C8-C9 conformationally restricted E- and Z-isomers (6 and 7) were designed and synthesized in order to investigate the effect of incorporating a methyl group at the C9 position and of conformational restriction at the C8-C9 bridge of N-[4-[2-(2,4-diaminofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]-l-glutamic acid (1) with respect to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitory activity as well as antitumor activity. The compounds were synthesized by a Wittig reaction of 2,4-diamino-5-(chloromethyl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine with ethyl 4-acetylbenzoate followed by catalytic reduction, hydrolysis, and standard peptide coupling with diethyl l-glutamate. The biological results indicated that the addition of a 9-methyl group to the C8-C9 bridge, as in 5, increased recombinant human (rh) DHFR inhibitory potency (IC50 = 0.42 μM) as well as the potency against the growth inhibition of tumor cells in culture (CCRF-CEM EC50 = 29 n...
Lysosomal enzymes in aquatic species. II. Distribution and particle properties of thermally acclimated muscle lysosomes of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri.

Abstract 1. 1. Subcellular particles demonstrated structure-linked latent activity and single peak optimum activity in the acid pH range. 2. 2. Maximum activity of each acid hydrolase at different incubation temperatures varied from one enzyme to another. 3. 3. At 28°C incubation temperature there was greatest stability of all the acid hydrolases. 4. 4. The specific activity of cytochrome oxidase was significantly higher at cold thermal regimens. 5. 5. After differential centrifugation the highest relative specific activity of the enzymes was always found in the light mitochondrial fraction regardless of acclimation temperature.
Pharmacology of neuronal gene expression.

Summary Pharmacological treatments were used to estimate trans-synaptic regulation of opioid peptide gene expression occuring at specific neurotransmitter receptors. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that different signal-transduction mechanisms regulate the transcription of proenkephalin, proopiomelanocortin and nerve growth factor mRNA. The activation of receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase elicited the increase of proenkephalin and nerve growth factor gene expression. Therefore, a cAMP-dependent mechanism was suggested to be involved in such regulation. However, the temporal delay between the elevation of the intracellular cAMP content and the increase in nerve growth factor and proenkephalin mRNAs prompted us to investigate whether additional mechanisms associated with the second messenger were operative in the regulation of the expression of these two genes. We report evidence that a protein(s), probably functioning as a trans -acting factor, might be involved in the regulation of nerve growth factor gene transcription. The characterization and isolation of these DNA regulatory proteins will provide the pharmacologist with valuable information for the development of new compounds in the therapy of mental disorders.
Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of hexose monophosphate shunt activity in cultured cells

A GC/MS method is described for monitoring the relative amount of glucose degraded to lactate via the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) in neoplastic cells. C6 glioma cells were incubated in medium supplemented with [1-13C]glucose and medium containing [1-13C]glucose with 0.001mM phenazine methosulfate (PMS). The ratio of the [13C]lactate to [12C]lactate determined from the measurement of the m/z 219/220 and 117/118 ions of the trimethyl silyl derivative, was used to calculate HMPS activity. PMS increased HMPS activity in C6 glioma cells by 3.2 and 4.8 fold at 2 and 12 hours of incubation respectively. GC/MS results were compared with 1H NMR measurements of the [3-13C]lactate/[3-12C]lactate ratio. The GC/MS method was found to require less sample size and yielded better sensitivity than the NMR method.
mTOR Inhibition in Epilepsy: Rationale and Clinical Perspectives

Despite a large number of available medical options, many individuals with epilepsy are refractory to existing therapies that mainly target neurotransmitter or ion channel activity. A growing body of preclinical data has uncovered a molecular pathway that appears crucial in many genetic and acquired epilepsy syndromes. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates a number of cellular processes required in the growth, metabolism, structure, and cell-cell interactions of neurons and glia. Rapamycin and similar compounds inhibit mTOR complex 1 and decrease seizures, delay seizure development, or prevent epileptogenesis in many animal models of mTOR hyperactivation. However, the exact mechanisms by which mTOR inhibition drives decreased seizure activity have not been completely determined. Nonetheless, these preclinical data have led to limited use in humans with epilepsy due to tuberous sclerosis complex and polyhydramnios, megalencephaly, and symptomatic epilepsy with promising results. Currently, larger controlled studies are underway using mTOR inhibitors in individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex and intractable epilepsy.
Dication−Water Interactions: M2+(H2O)n Clusters for Alkaline Earth Metals M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra

Gas-phase structures, binding energies, and enthalpies are reported for small M2+(H2O)n clusters consisting of an alkaline earth dication (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, and Ra2+) with one to six water molecules. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations were performed at the RHF and MP2 levels of theory using split-valence basis sets (6-31+G* with effective core potentials for the heavier alkaline earth metals). The water molecules in these clusters coordinate the dications in highly symmetric arrangements that tend to enhance electrostatic charge−dipole interactions while minimizing ligand−ligand repulsions. Comparisons of the calculated structures and binding energies to higher level treatments reveal fairly reasonable agreement. The optimized M−O distances are slightly long (by 0.02−0.03 A), and binding energies are somewhat weak (by 1−3 kcal mol-1 per ligand). Natural energy decomposition analysis emphasizes the importance of polarization effects in the M2+(H2O)n clusters. Polarization is largely responsible...
A mechanism for data quality estimation of on-body cardiac sensor networks

In this paper, we present a mechanism for estimating data quality of BANs composed of cardiac sensors. Currently available cardiac monitoring sensors suffer from high level of noise generated from loose physical contact of the sensor node due to the highly mobile and pervasive environment of the BAN (e.g., at-home remote health care applications). Therefore, there is a need to estimate the data quality of individual cardiac sensors as well as the data quality of the overall BAN while particularly considering the resource scarceness of BAN-scale mobile systems. The proposed method successfully estimates the data quality of a BAN without employing computationally expensive machine learning techniques. It also provides a number of resource management options that enable efficient data quality estimation. We present experimental results of four participants with three off-the-shelf cardiac sensors to form a BAN. We also present simulation results to examine if the proposed mechanism can successfully detect health hazardous events such as heart arrhythmia.
Age-related shifts in leaf chemistry of clonal aspen (Populus tremuloides).

Developmental changes in plant structure and function can influence both mammalian and arthropod feeding preferences for many woody plant species. This study documents age-related changes that occur in the leaf chemistry of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx., Salicaceae) and discusses implications for the herbivore community and ecosystem processes. We collected leaves from replicate ramets from six age classes (1–25+ yr) in each of seven aspen clones growing in south central Wisconsin, USA. Chemical analyses were conducted to determine concentrations of condensed tannins, phenolic glycosides (salicortin and tremulacin), nitrogen, starch, and soluble sugars. Each variable differed significantly among clones and among age classes. On average, condensed tannin concentrations doubled in the first five years and then remained fairly constant among older age classes. Combined phenolic glycoside (salicortin + tremulacin) concentrations were high in the youngest ramets (ca. 19%) and decreased sharply with age. Developmental changes in tannin, salicortin, and tremulacin concentrations exceeded those of nitrogen and carbohydrates. Developmental shifts of this magnitude, and the age-related tradeoff that occurs between condensed tannins and phenolic glycosides, are likely to have significant influence on the herbivore community of aspen and may influence leaf litter decomposition and nutrient cycling.
Theory of thermal phase noise in Michelson and Sagnac fiber interferometers

The intrinsic thermal phase noise spectra of the Michelson, Michelson with phase conjugate mirrors, and Sagnac fiber optic interferometers are presented. The thermal phase noise is maximum at dc and zero at the loop frequency for the Michelson with ordinary mirrors. Thermal phase noise eliminates the factor of two transducer phase sensitivity advantage of the Michelson over a comparable length Mach Zehnder. The Michelson with two phase conjugate mirrors exhibits identical noise to a Sagnac interferometer with the same total fiber length. The Sagnac exhibits common mode phase noise rejection at low frequencies and a broad maximum in the phase noise at the loop frequency of ~1 .µrad rms/?Hz for a 1 km fiber ioop at 1319 nm.
When caretaking competes with care giving: a qualitative study of full-time working mothers who are nurse managers.

Aim The purpose of this study was to explore the motivations and stresses associated with full-time working mothers who practice as nurse managers. Background Full-time work outside the home for mothers has been recognized as a circumstance which may present certain benefits and risks to family life. Nursing management is recognized as a high-stress occupation, which may be filled by mothers who work full time. Little is known about the specific needs and stresses of full-time nurse managers who are caring for children at home. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 mothers who worked as nurse managers. Results Participants expressed challenges in several areas including balancing/separating work and home, self-imposed advancement inhibitions, and constant giving. Challenges were offset by assets, which included complimentary roles, health insurance, added income, and professional and personal fulfilment. Conclusion Participants 'wanted it all', including the conveniences of part-time employment and the benefits of full-time employment. Implications for nursing management Full-time nurse managers with children at home experience unique tensions which characterize their work and home environments. Employers may assist nurses by adopting flexible scheduling, educational and child-care support and assistance in negotiating work and home roles.
The importance of the institutional environment on multifunctional farming systems, in the peri-urban area of Brussels

Abstract The influence of local and regional policies on the uptake of multifunctional farming systems is analysed. The conceptual framework of how regional and local policies can influence farmers’ behaviour is empirically verified by analysing data on uptake of diversification and environmental management by farmers located in the Brussels’ peri-urban area. In a two-stage model, farmers’ participation and behaviour to influence local policy-makers is also examined. It has been found among other things that, in a municipality that attaches greater importance to environmental issues, the uptake of agri-environmental measures is higher and that promotion of local agriculture will encourage farmers to start processing or selling products on their farms.
A SAPONIFICATION CYCLE FOR SOLVENT RECOVERY FROM SAND SURFACES FOLLOWING BITUMEN EXTRACTION

A saponification cycle utilizing a fatty acid/heptane solvent blend was studied as a method for removing solvated bitumen from sand surfaces in a tar sands processing unit prior to disposal of the tailings. In this process, the fatty acid portion of the solvated bitumen was saponiffied with caustic resulting in an in-situ soap which aided in washing the organics off the sand surfaces. The wash liquid was then desaponified with hydrochloric acid to reconstitute the fatty acid, which went into the organic phase with the bitumen and heptane. This solvated bitumen stream was processed by an amphiphilic phase shift reaction to separate out the bitumen and recover the solvent for recycling back to the contactor. The aqueous phase from the desaponifier is brine and must be discarded. The saponification/desaponification kinetics and the phase behavior of this cycle were investigated as they apply to this process. Saponification cycle experiments showed that the fatty acid portion of the solvent could by fully rec...
Indentation damage to boron carbide–DLC coatings with different compositions

Abstract Recently, a reactive sputtering process involving boron carbide (BC) targets and hydrocarbon gases has been used to produce novel, nano-composite thin films comprised of nano-sized amorphous BC regions embedded in a matrix of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (Diamond-like carbon, DLC). This paper discusses the results of Vickers indentation experiments carried out on four different BC–DLC composition coatings that were sputtered deposited onto 52 100 steel disks. The indentation depths ranged from less than 10% of the coating thickness to many times more than the coating thickness. In all cases, different coating compositions resulted in different indentation depths. Composite hardness curves have been generated for the different coatings. The indentations and the associated crack patterns were observed using scanning electron microscopy, and coating crack lengths were quantified.
Silica Adsorbents with Well-Defined Peracetylated Thiosaccharide Surfaces: Synthesis and Use for Stereoselective Separations in RP and NP HPLC

New chiral silica adsorbents with well-defined peracetylated thiosaccharide (a.k.a. thiosaccharide) surfaces containing 1, 3, 7, and 13 glucose units have been synthesized through the reaction of trimethoxysilyl-derivatives of thiosaccharides with bare silica gel. As determined by FTIR, nitrogen adsorption, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and chemical analysis, the adsorbents prepared contained closely packed uniform monolayer surfaces of thiosaccharide groups grafted to silica. The chromatographic behavior of the thiosaccharide-silicas prepared has been evaluated in the HPLC separations of stereoisomers in both normal and reversed phase modes. With the exception of low grafted thiomaltodecatriose-silica, there was no effect of the size of thiosaccharide on the selectivity of the separations.
Mechanisms of blunt perineal injury in female pediatric patients

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Controversy persists regarding the causes of and the morbidity associated with blunt perineal injuries in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the most common mechanisms of blunt perineal trauma in female pediatric patients and to define the subset of patients that may benefit the most from an examination under anesthesia (EUA). METHODS: Nearly 4,450 female pediatric patients were entered in the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study database between 1993 and 1997. The mechanism and extent of perineal injury, surgical repair, and associated injuries were examined for all girls 0 to 16 years of age with a diagnosis of blunt perineal trauma. RESULTS: A total of 358 girls experienced blunt perineal trauma. Motor vehicle crashes (MVC) accounted for the majority of injuries in all age groups. Falls and bicycle-related injuries were significantly more prevalent in children less than 9 years of age, and assaults in children 0 to 4 years. Head trauma was the most common associated injury in children less than 15 years. Children less than 10 years of age required surgical repair of their perineal injuries more frequently than their older counterparts. Perineal injuries caused by falls, assaults, or playground-related equipment were more likely to require surgical repair than those caused by other mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Perineal injuries that require surgical repair occur predominantly in patients less than 10 years of age who sustain blunt perineal trauma from a variety of causes, but rarely MVC. Thus, such patients should undergo aggressive evaluation, including EUA, especially if they present with perineal bleeding, hematoma, or swelling. Furthermore, perineal injuries in children under 4 years should raise the suspicion of abuse. Language: en
Electrowetting force and velocity dependence on fluid surface energy

Electrowetting on dielectric is a phenomenon in which the shape and apparent contact angle of a droplet changes when an electric field is applied across the droplet interface. If the field is asymmetric with respect to the droplet, then a net force can be applied to the droplet. In this work, we have measured the electrowetting force by confining the droplet shape beneath a glass plate and measuring the force on the plate. The force was measured as a function of voltage for a range of fluids with different surface energy. Measured forces show excellent agreement with predictions based on the Young–Lippmann equation with measured contact angles. Results also show that the electrowetting force is independent of fluid surface energy below saturation but that the peak force is proportional to the surface tension. This work shows that lowering the surface energy of the fluid can induce larger contact angle change under the same voltage, but it has no beneficial impact on the actuation force in droplet-based actuators. In contrast, velocity tests with deformable droplets show higher speeds for lower surface energy fluids, even above their saturation voltage. However, when the droplet’s shape is restrained, the highest velocity is achieved with high surface energy fluids due to the larger electrowetting actuation forces applied.
Partitioning the Fitness Components of RNA Populations Evolving In Vitro

All individuals in an evolving population compete for resources, and their performance is measured by a fitness metric. The performance of the individuals is relative to their abilities and to the biotic surroundings – the conditions under which they are competing – and involves many components. Molecules evolving in a test tube can also face complex environments and dynamics, and their fitness measurements should reflect the complexity of various contributing factors as well. Here, the fitnesses of a set of ligase ribozymes evolved by the continuous in vitro evolution system were measured. During these evolution cycles there are three different catalytic steps, ligation, reverse transcription, and forward transcription, each with a potential differential influence on the total fitness of each ligase. For six distinct ligase ribozyme genotypes that resulted from continuous evolution experiments, the rates of reaction were measured for each catalytic step by tracking the kinetics of enzymes reacting with their substrates. The reaction products were analyzed for the amount of product formed per time. Each catalytic step of the evolution cycle was found to have a differential incidence in the total fitness of the ligases, and therefore the total fitness of any ligase cannot be inferred from only one catalytic step of the evolution cycle. Generally, the ribozyme-directed ligation step tends to impart the largest effect on overall fitness. Yet it was found that the ligase genotypes have different absolute fitness values, and that they exploit different stages of the overall cycle to gain a net advantage. This is a new example of molecular niche partitioning that may allow for coexistence of more than one species in a population. The dissection of molecular events into multiple components of fitness provides new insights into molecular evolutionary studies in the laboratory, and has the potential to explain heretofore counterintuitive findings.
Shear viscosity measurements of liquid 3He-4He mixtures above 0.5 K

Simultaneous measurements of (ρη) and of the molar volume are reported for liquid mixtures of 3He in 4He over the temperature range between 0.5 and 2.5 K. Here η is the shear viscosity and ρ is the mass density. In the superfluid phase, the product of the normal components, ρ n and η n , is measured. The mixtures with 3He molefractions 0.30 < X < 0.80 are studied with emphasis on the region near the superfluid transition T λ and near the phase-separation curve. Along the latter, they are compared with data by Lai and Kitchens. For X > 0.5, the viscosity singularity near T λ becomes a faint peak, which however fades into the temperature-dependent background viscosity as X tends to the tricritical concentration X t. Likewise, no singularity in η is apparent when T t is approached along the phase separation branches Σ− and Σ+. Furthermore, viscosity data are reported for 3He and compared with previous work. Finally, for dilute mixtures with 0.01 ≤ X ≤ 0.05, the results for η are compared with previous data and with predictions.
Which DSM-IV personality disorders are most strongly associated with indices of psychosocial morbidity in psychiatric outpatients?

The DSM-5 Work Group for Personality and Personality Disorders (PDs) recommended retaining 6 specific PD “types” (antisocial, avoidant, borderline, narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive, and schizotypal) and eliminating the other 4 PDs currently included in DSM-IV (paranoid, schizoid, histrionic, and dependent). One important clinical aspect of PDs is their association with indices of psychosocial morbidity. Because the literature on the relationship between PDs and psychosocial morbidity in psychiatric patients is limited, we undertook the current analysis of the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services project database to examine which PDs were most strongly associated with a variety of measures of psychosocial morbidity. We tested the hypothesis that the disorders recommended for retention in DSM-5 would be associated with more severe morbidity than the disorders recommended for deletion. A total of 2150 psychiatric outpatients were evaluated with semistructured diagnostic interviews for DSM-IV Axes I and II disorders and 7 measures of psychosocial morbidity. We examined the correlation between each PD dimensional score and each measure of morbidity and then conducted multiple regression analyses to determine which PDs were independently associated with the indices of morbidity. For the 6 PDs proposed for retention in DSM-5, 36 (85.7%) of the 42 correlations were significant, whereas for the 4 PDs proposed for deletion, 26 (92.9%) of the 28 correlations were significant. In the regression analyses for the 6 PDs proposed for retention in DSM-5, 19 (45.2%) of the 42 β coefficients were significant, whereas for the 4 PDs proposed for deletion, 7 (25.0%) of the 28 β coefficients were significant. The results of the present study, along with the results of other studies, do not provide clear evidence for the preferential retention of some PDs over others based on their association with indices of psychosocial morbidity.
Confounding sources of variance in the macro‐analysis of electoral data

. Four sources of variance are examined in the construction of ecological models of electoral behaviour: aggregation bias, contextual effects, temporal and spatial diffusion. The proper specification of both micro- and macro-models of political behaviour requires these four sources of variance to be taken into account. Ecological analysis may make valid inferences to individual behaviour once the models are properly specified. Electoral data for Britain between 1955 and October 1974 are used to test a series of structural equation models specifying developmental relationships between class and electoral behaviour and taking into account the four potential sources of bias.
Comparative Bekesy Typing with Broad and Modulated Narrow-Band Noise

This study explored the effectiveness of modulated narrow-band noise as a masking source for sweep-frequency Bekesy audiometry. Five sophisticated normal-hearing subjects traced Bekesy audiometry t...
Effectiveness of hand- and foot-operated secondary input devices for word-processing tasks before and after training

Previous research has shown that, without practice, users are slower using the foot than the hand to control input devices. This study compared the performance (before and after practice) of users operating a foot-controlled secondary input device (foot mouse) with the performance of users operating a hand-controlled secondary input device (hand trackball) to complete four word-processing tasks requiring various amounts of keyboard and secondary input device use. Before practice, hand trackball performance was better on all tasks. After practice, hand trackball performance was better on all tasks except the task requiring the greatest amount of keyboard use, for which there was no significant difference between devices. For all tasks, practice improved performance with the foot mouse but not with the hand trackball. These findings suggest that, with enough practice, it may be efficient for users to use a foot input device for tasks that also require keyboard input.
Thoughts about Graduate Study in Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science.

Graduate programs will be appropriate if we maintain the integrity of graduate study by insisting on a major emphasis on research by graduate students and faculty. Graduate programs will be undesirable if we award graduate degrees for what should be undergraduate programs, and/or if faculty become so involved in undergraduate or service programs that there is no ongoing focused scholarly activity. To continue to argue about the relative importance of service, practitioner preparation, and research objectives in graduate education will cause ongoing division, resulting in faltering steps toward the future. On the other hand, minor cosmetic changes aimed at achieving the image of a unified graduate program will produce stumbling attempts to go forward. Marching together boldly into the future requires respect for different missions at different levels and doing well what needs to be done by the practitioner, in undergraduate and in graduate programs. At the graduate level, it means taking seriously our miss...
Preparations, Structures, and Properties of Polysiloxane-Silica Composites Prepared from a Variety of Hydrolyzable Precursors

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) networks were prepared by tetrafunctionally endlinking hydroxyl-terminated chains with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The resulting networks were filled in-situ by hydrolysis-condensation reactions that were either acid or base catalyzed reactions on some novel precursors. These precursors included star-shaped molecules, rings, linear comb-like chains, and pre-hydrolyzed products of silanes such as TEOS. Both monomethoxy and trimethoxy groups were used as hydrolyzable groups on these molecules. The structures of the resulting composites were examined by small-angle X-ray scattering, and their mechanical properties were determined using equilibrium stress-strain measurements in elongation. Novel precursors with monomethoxy functionalities did not generate stable particulates, but those with trimethoxy functionalities did, with some improvements in mechanical properties. Partially-hydrolyzed TEOS provided the best reinforcement of these PDMS elastomers.
The effects of four potent prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors on the duration of pseudopregnancy in the rat

Abstract Flurbiprofen, sudoxicam, piroxicam and indomethacin were each administered subcutaneously to rats to determine their effect on the duration of the interoestrous interval of pseudopregnant and cyclic animals. Each of the four compounds prolonged the interoestrous interval in pseudopregnant animals, but had little effect on subsequent oestrous cycle length. Flurbiprofen, sudoxicam and piroxicam each appeared to be more consistent than indomethacin in prolonging the interoestrous interval in pseudopregnant rats to a duration equal to, or greater than, the duration of pregnancy. The former three compounds also appeared to be less toxic than indomethacin. These results are interpreted to mean that all four compounds prolonged the functional life span of the corpus luteum in the rat and, consequently, are potential agents for synchronizing oestrus and mating in domestic animals.
Behavioral contingencies determine changes in drug-induced neurotransmitter turnover

Evidence from several research areas suggests that response-dependent and independent presentation of environmental events have different neurobiological consequences. Investigations of neurotransmitter turnover rates and cholinergic muscarinic receptor densities in brain regions of rats receiving contingent and noncontingent intravenous morphineresulted in the identification of two neuronal networks that are involved in response dependent morphine presentation. These circuits are concordant with brain regions showing increased glucose utilization in animals receiving response-dependent electrical stimulation of either the substantia nigra or ventral tegmental area. These data indicate substantial differences between contingent and noncontingent presentation of environmental events and suggest that neurobiological investigations of reinforcement that use response independent delivery of a putative reinforcer must be interpreted with some caution.
Raw Rock Phosphate in Laying Rations

Abstract RAW ROCK PHOSPHATE IN LAYING RATIONS HART, McCollum, and Fuller (1909) and Hart, Steenbock and Fuller (1914) reported favorable results from the feeding of rock phosphate in pig rations. However, Forbes, et al. (1921) obtained inferior gains and weak bones with low ash content when pigs were fed rock phosphate in place of limestone and steamed bone meal. Taylor (1929) found that the fluorine in rock phosphate had a very detrimental effect upon dairy animals. Results of the work of Wheeler (1903), Hartwell and Kirkpatrick (1911) and Lewis (1913) indicated that bone ash was superior to raw rock phosphate for chickens. Kennard, Holder, and White (1922) reported that when raw rock phosphate was substituted for steamed bone meal the egg production of hens was not affected, and Buckner, Martin, and Insko (1929) found that although rock phosphate interfered with the early growth of chickens it did not interfere with normal . . .
The disc as the basis of treatment for glaucoma

The goal of the treatment of patients with glaucoma is to prevent disability or, if disability already exists, to repair the disability or at the least to prevent further disability from developing. To achieve these goals requires knowing what will happen if there is no treatment and what will happen if there is treatment. That is, one must know the possible benefits from the therapy in comparison to the damage caused by the therapy. As we will demonstrate, the classic risk factors do not provide accurate estimates of the development of disability and do not answer these two questions. The most helpful clues are provided by what the patient says, by whether the disc is damaged and by whether the disc is deteriorating. The severity of disease is best estimated by the nature of the optic disc and how it changes. This report is primarily focused on increasing the skill of the physician in being able to estimate the nature of the optic disc and how that changes. This does not, however, lessen the tremendous importance of careful history-taking and of gonioscopy. In this report, however, we focus on the evaluation of the disc. Currently disc evaluation is often not adequate because of poor examination techniques, reliance on cup/disc ratios, and reliance on the results of image analyzers. We will present here the Disc Damage Likelihood Scale, which is a user-friendly method which correlates accurately with visual field changes.
Autonomic Clouds on the Grid

Computational clouds constructed on top of existing Grid infrastructure have the capability to provide different entities with customized execution environments and private scheduling overlays. By designing these clouds to be autonomically self-provisioned and adaptable to changing user demands, user-transparent resource flexibility can be achieved without substantially affecting average job sojourn time. In addition, the overlay environment and physical Grid sites represent disjoint administrative and policy domains, permitting cloud systems to be deployed non-disruptively on an existing production Grid. Private overlay clouds administered by, and dedicated to the exclusive use of, individual Virtual Organizations are termed Virtual Organization Clusters. A prototype autonomic cloud adaptation mechanism for Virtual Organization Clusters demonstrates the feasibility of overlay scheduling in dynamically changing environments. Commodity Grid resources are autonomically leased in response to changing private scheduler loads, resulting in the creation of virtual private compute nodes. These nodes join a decentralized private overlay network system called IPOP (IP Over P2P), enabling the scheduling and execution of end user jobs in the private environment. Negligible overhead results from the addition of the overlay, although the use of virtualization technologies at the compute nodes adds modest service time overhead (under 10%) to computationally-bound Grid jobs. By leasing additional Grid resources, a substantial decrease (over 90%) in average job queuing time occurs, offsetting the service time overhead.
Portable electrochemical systems

Abstract Electroanalysis offers tremendous promise for scaling down analytical systems, with features that include high sensitivity, inherent miniaturization, low cost, low-power requirements, and high compatibility with advanced micromachining and microfabrication technologies. This article reviews the development of portable electrochemical analyzers for near-patient clinical testing, for on-site environmental monitoring, and for decentralized genetic testing. There is discussion of the challenges of creating a true ‘Lab-on-a-Chip’ and of integrating multiple electrochemical techniques and sensing schemes into a compact hand-held meter. Such microscale electrochemical systems hold great promise for meeting the needs and challenges of analytical chemistry in the twenty-first century.
Theoretical 13C NMR chemical shifts of the stable isomers of fullerene C90

Abstract Density functional theory has been employed to study fullerene C 90 . Structures of all 46 IPR isomers were optimized at the B3LYP/STO-3G level. Geometry optimization for those isomers with relative energies less than 25 kcal/mol were performed using basis sets up to 6-31G, and the 13 C NMR chemical shifts were calculated using the GIAO method. Isomer 45 is the most stable species, while other stable isomers include 28 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 40 and 46 . Comparison between prediction and experiment shows that the reported NMR spectrum likely arises from isomers 35 and 46 instead of isomer 36 and one C 2 isomer.
The effect of dinitrophenol and other phosphorylation uncouplers on the birefringence of the mitotic apparatus of marine eggs.

Abstract Dinitrophenol and several other uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation cause a rapid and reversible dispersion of the in vivo mitotic apparatus as judged by the disappearance of its birefringence in annelid and clam eggs. Malonate will block cleavage at high concentration but does not disperse the MA. It, in fact, causes it to increase in size and birefringence to some extent. Since other work has shown that the ATP level in the egg is depressed by the inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation while it is not depressed by malonate, we hypothesize that ATP level, or the processes which maintain it are responsible for the structural integrity of the metaphase, in vivo, MA.
Perturbation analysis of competition and overlap in habitat utilization between Dipodomys ordii and Dipodomys merriami.

The populations of two coexisting species of Dipodomys (Heteromyidae, Rodentia) were manipulated on 10, large, unenclosed, trapping grids. These manipulations revealed that, although many kangaroo rats are established residents in an area, a large number are transient individuals who quickly occupy vacated habitats. On plots from which residents had been removed, transients settled at rates of up to 5% of carrying capacity per day. These immigrants were invariably of the same species that was removed, indicating a strong element of intraspecific competition with little or no evidence of competition between the species.
Vertebral artery dissection in a patient practicing self-manipulation of the neck.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this case report is to describe a patient who regularly practiced self-manipulation of her neck who presented with shoulder and neck pain and was undergoing a vertebral artery dissection. Clinical Features A 42-year-old female patient sought care for left shoulder pain with a secondary complaint of left lower neck pain. Twelve days prior, she had had “the worst headache of her life,” which began in her left lower cervical spine and extended to her left temporal region. The pain was sudden and severe, was described as sharp and burning, and lasted 3 hours. She reported nausea, vomiting, and blurred vision. Intervention and Outcome Initial history and examination suggested that the patient's head and neck pain was not musculoskeletal in origin, but vascular. She repeatedly requested that an adjustment be performed, but instead was referred to the local emergency department for further evaluation. Magnetic resonance angiogram revealed a dissection of the left vertebral artery from C6 to the C2-C3 interspace and a 3-mm dissecting pseudoaneurysm at the C3 level. She underwent stent-assisted percutaneous transluminal angioplasty combined with antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel) and experienced a good outcome. Conclusion This case suggests that careful history taking and awareness of the symptoms of VAD are necessary in cases of sudden head and neck pain. More research is needed on the relationship between vertebral artery dissection and self-manipulation of the neck.
D-optimal designs for polynomial regression models through origin

In this article we consider D-optimal designs for polynomial regression models with low-degree terms being missed, by applying the theory of canonical moments. It turns out that the optimal design places equal weight on each of the zeros of some Jacobi polynomial when the number of unknown parameters in the model is even. The procedure and examples of finding the optimal supports and weights are given when the number of unknown parameters in the model is odd.
CORRECTION OF DEFECTIVE NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS BY SYSTEMIC VITAMIN C (VC) THERAPY IN NEWBORN INFANTS (NB)

CORRECTION OF DEFECTIVE NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS BY SYSTEMIC VITAMIN C (VC) THERAPY IN NEWBORN INFANTS (NB)
Regulation of nuclear factor-κB in autoimmunity

Nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcription factors are pivotal regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, and perturbations of NF-κB signaling contribute to the pathogenesis of immunological disorders. NF-κB is a well-known proinflammatory mediator, and its deregulated activation is associated with the chronic inflammation of autoimmune diseases. Paradoxically, NF-κB plays a crucial role in the establishment of immune tolerance, including both central tolerance and the peripheral function of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Thus, defective or deregulated activation of NF-κB may contribute to autoimmunity and inflammation, highlighting the importance of tightly controlled NF-κB signaling. This review focuses on recent progress regarding NF-κB regulation and its association with autoimmunity.