cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FFTs on the Rotation Group

We discuss an implementation of an efficient algorithm for the numerical computation of Fourier transforms of bandlimited functions defined on the rotation group SO(3). The implementation is freely available on the web. The algorithm described herein uses O(B 4) operations to compute the Fourier coefficients of a function whose Fourier expansion uses only (the O(B 3)) spherical harmonics of degree at most B. This compares very favorably with the direct O(B 6) algorithm derived from a basic quadrature rule on O(B 3) sample points. The efficient Fourier transform also makes possible the efficient calculation of convolution over SO(3) which has been used as the analytic engine for some new approaches to searching 3D databases (Funkhouser et al., ACM Trans. Graph. 83–105, [2003]; Kazhdan et al., Eurographics Symposium in Geometry Processing, pp. 167–175, [2003]). Our implementation is based on the “Separation of Variables” technique (see, e.g., Maslen and Rockmore, Proceedings of the DIMACS Workshop on Groups and Computation, pp. 183–237, [1997]). In conjunction with techniques developed for the efficient computation of orthogonal polynomial expansions (Driscoll et al., SIAM J. Comput. 26(4):1066–1099, [1997]), our fast SO(3) algorithm can be improved to give an algorithm of complexity O(B 3log 2 B), but at a cost in numerical reliability. Numerical and empirical results are presented establishing the empirical stability of the basic algorithm. Examples of applications are presented as well.
Incidence and Progression of Cortical and Posterior Subcapsular Opacities: The Longitudinal Study of Cataract

Objective: The purpose of the study is to estimate incidence and progression rates of cortical and posterior subcapsular (PSC) opacities in the Longitudinal Study of Cataract (LSC). Design: An epidemiologic study of the natural history of lens opacities in a clinic-based population. Participants: The LSC was based on 764 participants in an earlier case-control study of lens opacities. Main Outcome Measures: Baseline data, collected until 1988, included color slit and retroillumination photographs. The same data were collected at follow-up visits from 1989 to 1993. The Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) was used to assess lens changes between baseline and follow-up photographs. The product-limit method was used to estimate the incidence and progression rates. Results: After 5 years of follow-up, the incidence rates for developing cortical and PSC opacities were 7.7% and 4.3%, respectively. The progression rate of pre-existing cortical opacities was 16.2% after 5 years, and was twice as high as the incidence rate. The progression of pre-existing PSC opacities was much higher, and reached 55.1% after 5 years of follow-up. The incidence of newly developed cortical or PSC opacities increased with age. The incidence of PSC opacities also increased when coexisting opacities were present at baseline. Conclusions: After 5 years, 1 in every 13 patients developed new cortical opacities, and 1 in 24 developed new PSC opacities. The 5-year progression rates for cortical and PSC opacities were much higher than the incidence rates. These results can be used to estimate the rate of cortical and PSC changes in similar populations.
Relativistic effects in charge transfer

Relativistic corrections to P +H charge transfer are calculated. It is found that relativistic effects completely change the high energy behaviour, but that at the highest energies yet used (10 MeV) the corrections are not significant.
Long Term Electro-Clinical Changes in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Before, During, and after the Slow Spike-Wave Pattern

Patients (64) with the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) were followed with EEGs (602) and clinical findings over a 42 yr period, up to 51 yrs of age. Before the slow spike-wave (SSW) complex appeared, in over one half of the patients focal discharges were seen and most often (71%) many discharges were noted, all associated with generalized seizures. With the SSW, two thirds of the patients showed additional focal discharges, again most often (72%) very many or many were noted. Clinical attacks were usually generalized but partial attacks also were seen. Although the largest absolute number of SSW complexes appeared in young children, the highest percentage of recordings with SSW was found between 25-29.9 yrs. Changes in the frequency of the spike-wave complexes were occasionally noted, not only decreasing in frequency from 3-6/sec down to 1-2/sec, but also increasing up to 3-6/sec. After the disappearance of the SSW in time, focal discharges, diffuse and focal slow waves were seen in nearly all records and complex partial seizures increased in number. This study has emphasized the importance of the cortex in the LGS and also the instability of the pattern that occasionally appears.
Forming interdisciplinary expertise: one organization's journey on the road to translational nanomedicine

This paper provides a sociological account of how researchers of different disciplines become experts in translational nanomedicine. Using a case study of the Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory (NCL) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the author argues that the relationship between the different disciplines involved in translational nanomedicine should be understood in the broader socio-political context of the boundary politics between the academy, industry, and government. This study suggests that the process of training the nanobio expert is not simply a process of inculcating skills; it is also a process of institution-building. In the case of the NCL, sustaining the laboratory’s existence at the interface between the university, industry, and government informed how researchers practiced interdisciplinarity and cultivated their interdisciplinary expertise. It required mobilizing institutional resources through administrative/managerial strategies. Viewing the formation of a professional identity as a social process helps clarify the meaning of interdisciplinarity and provides insight in evaluating the performance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the design of nanoscience education.
“WHEN CHRISTIANS BECAME DERVISHES:” AFFIRMING ALBANIAN MUSLIM-CHRISTIAN UNITY THROUGH DISCOURSE

Parmi les Etats balkaniques, l'Albanie offre un exemple de cooperation islamo-chretienne. Apres avoir presente les obstacles au dialogue islamo-chretien dans les Balkans au debut du XX e siecle en faisant particulierement reference aux Albanais du sud, l'A. presente une traduction du recit de ces difficultes par le leader musulman Baba Rexheb. En analysant ce recit, il est possible d'etablir des paralleles entre les situations politiques. L'A. s'interesse egalement a des exemples plus recents de recits du dialogue islamo-chretien en Albanie en suggerant qu'il s'agit d'une des formes de l'unite albanaise
Oxygen enrichment of room air to relieve the hypoxia of high altitude.

Recently there has been increasing commercial activity at altitudes of 3500-6000 m. Examples include new mines in northern Chile at altitudes of about 4500 m. Because the workers come from sea level, intolerance of the high altitude is a major problem. This degree of hypoxia reduces work capacity, mental efficiency and sleep quality. One novel solution is to raise the PO2 of the room air by adding oxygen to the room ventilation. This is remarkably effective. For example, at altitudes of 4000-5000 m, increasing the O2 concentration by 1% (e.g. from 21 to 22%) reduces the equivalent altitude by about 300 m. Thus raising the O2 concentration by 5% at the new mines reduces the equivalent altitude to 3000 m which is easily tolerated. The introduction of oxygen concentrators (molecular sieve) which require only electrical power makes O2 enrichment feasible. The fire hazard is less than in air at sea level. Everybody now expects that the ventilation of a room will provide a comfortable temperature and humidity. Control of the oxygen concentration can be regarded as a further logical step in man's control of his environment.
Relationship between sinus rhythm late activation zones and critical sites for scar-related ventricular tachycardia: systematic analysis of isochronal late activation mapping.

Background— It is not known whether the most delayed late potentials are functionally most specific for scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT) circuits. Methods and Results— Isochronal late activation maps were constructed to display ventricular activation during sinus rhythm over 8 isochrones. Analysis was performed at successful VT termination sites and prospectively tested. Thirty-three patients with 47 scar-related VTs where a critical site was demonstrated by termination of VT during ablation were retrospectively analyzed. In those who underwent mapping of multiple surfaces, 90% of critical sites were on the surface that contained the latest late potential. However, only 11% of critical sites were localized to the latest isochrone (87.5%–100%) of ventricular activation. The median percentage of latest activation at critical sites was 78% at a distance from the latest isochrone of 18 mm. Sites critical to reentry were harbored in regions with slow conduction velocity, where 3 isochrones were present within a 1-cm radius. Ten consecutive patients underwent ablation prospectively guided by isochronal late activation maps, targeting concentric isochrones outside of the latest isochrone. Elimination of the targeted VT was achieved in 90%. Termination of VT was achieved in 6 patients at a mean ventricular activation percentage of 78%, with only 1 requiring ablation in the latest isochrone. Conclusions— Late potentials identified in the latest isochrone of activation during sinus rhythm are infrequently correlated with successful ablation sites for VT. The targeting of slow conduction regions propagating into the latest zone of activation may be a novel and promising strategy for substrate modification.
The Pulmonary and Systemic Distribution and Elimination of Perflubron From Adult Patients Treated With Partial Liquid Ventilation

Objective To assess the pulmonary and systemicdistribution and elimination of perflubron(C 8 F 17 Br 1 ; Liqui Vent; Alliance Pharmaceutical; San Diego, CA) during and following the period ofpartial liquid ventilation. Design Prospective phase, I and II clinical trial. Setting Adult surgical, ICU. Patients Eighteen adult patients(mean ± SEM age, 37.9 ± 3.4 years) with severe respiratoryfailure, some of whom required extracorporeal life support (72%), andwho were managed with partial liquid ventilation with perflubron. Interventions Perflubron was administered into thetrachea, and gas ventilation of the perfluorocarbon-filled lung(partial liquid ventilation) was then performed. Additional doses wereadministered daily for from 1 to 7 days, with a median cumulative doseof 31 m, L/kg (range, 3 to 60 m, L/kg). Measurements andmain results Patient blood samples were evaluated by gaschromatography for serum perflubron levels. Sequential lateral andanteroposterior radiographs were assessed, using a 5-point ratingscale, for the degree of perflubron fill following the final dose. Samples of expired gas were collected, and the rate of loss ofperflubron in the expired gas was measured by gas chromatography. Meanserum perflubron levels increased to 0.16 ± 0.05 mg/dL at 24 hfollowing administration of the initial dose. A mean maximum level of0.26 ± 0.05 mg/dL of perflubron was present in the serum 24 hfollowing the administration of the last dose. This level slowlytrended downward to 0.18 ± 0.06 mg/dL over the ensuing 7 days(p = 0.281). Perflubron elimination via expired gas occurred at amean rate of 9.4 ± 3.0 m, L/h at 1 h, and 1.0 ± 0.4 m, L/h at48 h after the last dose (p = 0.012). By radiologic evaluation, perflubron was eliminated from the lungs progressively from4.2 ± 0.2 at the time of administration of the last dose, to2.8 ± 0.3 at 4 days later (p Conclusions Perflubron is eliminated ata maximum rate of 9.4 ± 3.0 m, L/h by evaporative loss from theairways and is retained in greater amounts in the dependent lungregions when compared to the nondependent lung regions. There is a lowbut measurable maximum blood concentration of 0.26 ± 0.05 mg/dL inpatients after perflubron administration, which did not decreasesignificantly after cessation of partial liquidventilation.
Modifications in recent models of phytoplankton growth: Theoretical developments and experimental examination of predictions

A simple modification of the theoretical model of phytoplankton growth developed by Shuter (1979) permits description of both nutrient-limited and light-limited growth with a single set of equations for all irradiances. The modified model retains the predictive ability of the original Shuter model with respect to nutrient-limited nutrient: carbon ratios, and is shown to be identical to the model of Kiefer & Mitchell (1983) with respect to predictions concerning growth rate (μ) as a function of irradiance, light-limited respiration rates (r) as a function of μ, and chlorophyll: carbon ratios as a function of μ + r. The only area in which the predictions of the modified Shuter and Kiefer-Mitchell models differ is in the relationship between r and μ under nutrient-limited conditions. This difference is shown to be sufficiently small as to be difficult to detect experimentally.
791–6 Prospective Application of RAND Expert Panel Ratings, ACC/AHA Guidelines, and the University of Maryland Revascularizatlon Appropriateness Score (RAS): Only RAS Predicts Clinical Outcome

Several scoring systems exist for evaluating the appropriateness of PTCA and CABG. However, they have not been prospectively correlated with outcome. We prospectively studied 61 pts referred to the catheterization laboratory who were treated with PTCA (33). CABG (15) or medical therapy (13). Forty-five were male; the mean age was 60.2 ± 12.8 years (range 32 – 87). During a mean followup of 9.3 ± 3.8 months (range 3 – 16.1),66 events occurred in 35 patients including angina (25), MI (3), death (6), cardiac readmission (17). PTCA (4), CABG (7), CHF (4). For all patients, revascularization appropriateness was ranked by the RAS, ACC/AHA. and RAND Scoring systems. Application of RAS yielded revascularization appropriateness ratings of Necessary (N), Appropriate (A), or Inappropriate (1). Of 11 patients ranked N who did not receive revascularization, 10 had adverse events, compared with 17 of 35 who received revascularization (p = 0.02). Of 5 pts ranked I for revascularization who received either PTCA or CABG, 3 had adverse events. In total, 13 of 16 pts who received treatment that was discordant with a N or I RAS rating had adverse events, compared with 20 of 45 who received concordant treatment. (p = 0.02)s. These discordant treatments included unnecessary PTCA (5). failure to perform CABG (1), PTCA (3), or either (7). Statistical significance persisted when only “hard” events (excluding angina) were considered (p = 0.03). Concordance of treatment with RAND and ACC/AHA revascularization appropriateness scores for PTCA and CABG were not predictive of adverse events in this population. Conclusion Revascularization appropriateness scoring systems differ in their ability to predict outcomes. Of the 3 approaches studied, only treatment concordant with RAS treatment recommendations reduced subsequent adverse events.
Microwave Energy as a Precoagulative Device to Assist in Hepatic Resection

Introduction Microwave energy is another energy source than can be used to precoagulate hepatic tissue during hepatic resection. The aim of this study was to develop an optimal microwave precoagulation technique in a porcine model and then validate the technique during hepatic resection in patients.
Endourologic approach to transplant kidney

Two significant procedures, namely lithotripsy of staghorn calculus and dilatation of a stenotic calyceal infundibulum, were performed endourologically in a renal allograft drained by an ileal conduit. This is another example of the versatility of these minimally invasive urologic methods.
Proteolytic Activation of Proapoptotic Kinase PKCδ Is Regulated by Overexpression of Bcl-2

We previously demonstrated that the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin, a potential chemical risk factor for development of Parkinson's disease (PD), impairs mitochondrial function and promotes apoptosis in dopaminergic PC12 cells. We further demonstrated that caspase-3-dependent proteolytic activation of a member of the novel PKC family, protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), contributes to apoptotic cell death in dopaminergic cells. In the present study, we report that the proapoptotic function of PKCdelta can be regulated by overexpression of the mitochondrial anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 in dieldrin-treated dopaminergic cells. Exposure to dieldrin (30 or 100 micro M) for 3 h produced a dose-dependent increase in caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation in vector-transfected PC12 cells. Overexpression of human Bcl-2 in PC12 cells completely suppressed dieldrin-induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, dieldrin-induced proteolytic activation of PKCdelta was also remarkably reduced in Bcl-2-overexpressed cells. Together, these results suggest that the proapoptotic function of PKCdelta can be regulated by mitochondrial redox modulators during neurodegenerative processes.
Being Aware that You’re Nice or Nasty Won’t Make You Write Friendlier E-Mail

E-mail communication is fraught with problems of inaccurate encoding and decoding of information due to the relative lack of emotional cues. In our experiment, we investigated whether having e-mail senders rate the intended friendliness levels of their own messages before they write them would make them generate replies that were indeed friendlier. This manipulation was intended to make the senders more aware of their decision to write friendly or unfriendly e-mail messages and subsequently compel them to follow through with their friendly intention, or to make them question their decision to be unfriendly. However, our results show no significant main effect of our manipulation. Instead, the tone of the original e-mail stimulus and the context surrounding the e-mail message were much stronger influences in determining the friendliness of the e-mail reply that people generate.
Effects of Boundary Conditions on Massless Two-Dimensional Electrodynamics in a Static Bag

We investigate the behavior of massless two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics when the fields are confined to a static string. Surface modifications of the equal-time commutation relations are studied, and the generating functional is constructed, consistent with the linear boundary conditions of the theory. It is shown that massive scalars exist independent of the size of the cavity. The boundary condition of the initial fields constrain the boson field to vanish at the end points of the bag. We further demonstrate that the short-distance behavior of the theory is unaffected by the introduction of linear boundary conditions. (AIP)
The reacquisition of cell adhesiveness following tissue disaggregation by eleven different agents

Disaggregation of seven-day embryonic chick neural retina tissue by eleven different agents produces cells which require variable periods of time to become aggregation competent in culture. The time required between cell isolation and the beginning of inter-cellular adhesion in rotation culture is dependent upon the particular isolating agent used and ranges from zero to sixty minutes.
Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast within an unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: A potential embolic source diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography

A 75-year-old male patient had an unexplained transient ischemic attack. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a large, unruptured Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm which contained spontaneous echo contrast. This finding represents a potential source of embolism.
Conceptual and methodological issues in investigating principal leadership across cultures

(1998). Conceptual and methodological issues in investigating principal leadership across cultures. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 51-80.
A soluble relaxation model for core level spectroscopy on adsorbed atoms

Abstract The photoelectron spectrum of core levels in adsorbed atoms is calculated taking into account the screening of the core hole due to both displaced surface plasmons (image charges) and actual transfer of screening charge into the lowest unfilled valence levels of the adsorbate. The theory is detailed on a simplified but exactly soluble model, permitting parametric numerical studies of the spectrum while maintaining close contact with physical understanding. Recent theory on adsorbate relaxation effects due to Gumhalter and Newns, Gunnarsson and Schonhammer, Lang and Williams, and others are considered in the light of this model.
Medical professionalism: an experimental look at physicians’ Facebook profiles

Background : Use of social networking services (SNS) is on the rise. While many users sign in for personal purposes, it is not uncommon for professionals to connect over SNSs with clients, students, and patients. Methods : The present study used an experimental approach to examine how medical doctors’ SNS profiles impacted potential patients’ impressions of professionalism. Participants ( N =250 students) were randomly assigned to view one of six Facebook profiles. Profiles were populated with 1) solely professional material, 2) personal material that was strictly healthy, or 3) personal material that included unhealthy behavior. Profiles portrayed a male or female physician resulting in a total of six experimental conditions. Medical professionalism was measured with the First Impressions of Medical Professionalism (FIMP) scale, specifically developed for this study. Results : There was a large and statistically significant main effect for profile type, F (2, 250)=54.77, p <0.001, . Post hoc tests indicated that personal profiles that contained healthy behavior were rated as most professional followed by profiles with strictly professional content. Personal unhealthy profiles were rated as least professional. Additionally, female profiles consistently received higher professionalism ratings across all three profile types [ F (1, 250)=5.04, p =0.026, ]. Conclusion : Our results suggest that a physician's SNS profile affects a patient's perception of that physician's medical professionalism. A personal, healthy profile may augment a patient's perception of that physician's character virtues if the profile content upholds the decorum of the medical field. Keywords: professionalism; Facebook; professionalism scale; social networking (Published: 18 June 2014) Citation: Med Educ Online 2014, 19 : 23149 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v19.23149
Settlement Upgrading: Planning and Squatter Settlements in Bogota, Columbia:

Different approaches to the planning and development of squatter settlements in Bogota, Columbia are presented and con trasted. Barrio Las Colinas is a example of a "comprehensive" approach to settle ment upgrading, wherein development took the form of a rational planning pro cess. On the other hand, Barrio Policarpa developed through forthright political op position. Although both settlements are exceptional successes, they differ strik ingly in their internal organization and in the political message each conveys to the society outside.
Vibrational Dynamics of a Perylene–Perylenediimide Donor–Acceptor Dyad Probed with Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy

The ultrafast vibrational dynamics of the photoinduced charge-transfer reaction between perylene (Per) and perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) were investigated using femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS). Specifically probing the structural dynamics of PDI following its selective photoexcitation in a covalently linked dyad reveals vibrational modes uniquely characteristic to the PDI lowest excited singlet state and radical anion between 1000 and 1700 cm–1. A comparison of these vibrations to those of the ground state reveals the appearance of new 1*PDI and PDI–• stretching modes in the dyad at 1593 and 1588 cm–1, respectively. DFT calculations reveal that these vibrations are parallel to the long axis of PDI and thus then may be integral to the charge separation reaction. The ability to differentiate excited state from radical anion vibrational modes allows the evaluation of the influence of specific modes on the charge transfer dynamics in donor–bridge–acceptor systems based on PDI mol...
Electron-phonon interaction in disordered conductors: Static and vibrating scattering potentials

Employing the Keldysh diagram technique, we calculate the electron-phonon energy relaxation rate in a conductor with the vibrating and static \ensuremath{\delta}-correlated random electron-scattering potentials. If the scattering potential is completely dragged by phonons, this model yields the Schmid's result for the inelastic electron-scattering rate ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{e\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{ph}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$ At low temperatures the effective interaction decreases due to disorder, and ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{e\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{ph}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\propto}{T}^{4}l$ (l is the electron mean-free path). In the presense of the static potential, quantum interference of numerous scattering processes drastically changes the effective electron-phonon interaction. In particular, at low temperatures the interaction increases, and ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{e\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{ph}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\propto}{T}^{2}/l.$ Along with an enhancement of the interaction, which is observed in disordered metallic films and semiconducting structures at low temperatures, the suggested model allows us to explain the strong sensitivity of the electron relaxation rate to the microscopic quality of a particular film.
Continuum and Atomistic Modeling of Ion Partitioning into a Peptide Nanotube

Continuum and atomistic descriptions of the partitioning of ions into a self-assembled (D,L)-octapeptide nanotube, cyclo[-(L-Ala-D-Ala)(4)-], are presented. Perturbation free energy calculations, including Ewald electrostatics, are used to estimate the electrostatic component of the excess free energy of charging Li(+), Na(+), Rb(+), and Cl(minus sign) ions inside the nanotube. The radial density and orientational distribution of water around the ion is calculated for the ion at two different positions inside the tube; it is seen that the calculated distributions are sensitive to the location of the ions. Two different continuum electrostatic models are formulated to describe the ion solvation inside the nanotube. When enhanced orientational structuring of water dipoles is evidenced, explicitly including the first solvation shell as part of the low dielectric nanotube environment provides good agreement with molecular dynamics simulations. When water orientational structuring is as in the reference bulk solvent, we find that treating the first shell water explicitly or as a high dielectric continuum leads to similar results. These results are discussed, and their importance for continuum electrostatic modeling of ion channels are highlighted.
Role of the Registered Dietitian in an Innovative Worksite Nutrition Program

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To examine the role of the Registered Dietitian in a worksite nutrition program utilizing food intake data and blood analysis. Through the occupational health service of a small community hospital, a worksite wellness program was offered to 300 county employees working in water treatment and recycling centers. Testing was provided to 87 participating employees. Clinical testing included a Complete Blood Count, Blood Chemistry Profile, Urinalysis, Hemacult, vision testing, blood pressure and verified height and weight. From this population, 51.7% had a Cholesterol/High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) ratio > 5.0 and 47.1% had a Body Mass Index > 22. A voluntary nutrition program was provided to 26 of the participating employees. The Registered Dietitian met with the participants as a group to describe the nutrition program and to provide instruction/visual cues for accurately recording portion sizes for their three day food diary. Each participant met privately with the Registered Dietitian to clarify their diary upon its completion and to answer a diet history lifestyle questionnaire. The following month, the participants received a computerized analysis of their food diary, a 3 day intake average and a comparison to their Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Employees met privately with the Registered Dietitian to discuss their results and to receive plans to improve their nutrient density and nutritional status based upon their diary analysis and blood testing results. This program supported the role of the Registered Dietitian as a nutrition expert to the community, provided valuable instruction to the employee and supported the public image of the hospital.
Stable Behaviors Associated with High-Point D MMPI Profiles in a Nonpsychiatric Population.

Examined behaviors associated with high-point D scale scores on the MMPI for 1829 employed males who completed the test twice, 4 years apart. Ratings of being frequently nervous or upset and a decreased percentage of time in bed sleeping emerged as two stable variables that differed between Hi-D and not high-D scorers.
163 EFFECT OF AGE AND HEART RATE(HR) ON ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION (AVC) AND ITS SEGMENTS

Findings differ as to the effect of age and HR on normal AVC. Previous studies which included children with normal hearts and patients with severe congenital heart disease, yielded conflicting results. Therefore, we analyzed data of 70 children, 3 days to 18 years, with normal electrocardiograms. Of these 70 children 46 were normal. The others had mild pulmonary stenosis (9), small ventricular septal defect (6), small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (3), bicuspid aortic valve(2) and mild aortic stenosis, mild aortic insufficiency, mild pulmonary hypertension and post-operative coarctation with PDA in 1 each. Multiple linear regressions were performed with age and cycle length (CL) as the independent variables and conduction time from high right atrium(HRA) to low right atrium (LRA), LRA to His potential (H), H to ventricle(V), HRA-V, and P-R interval as dependent variables. The significance of the data is shown in the table below. AVC intervals increased with age, mostly due to increase in HRA-LRA and LRA-H. Although CL varied with age it had no effect on the AVC. This data supports the concept of age-dependent increasing parasympathetic influence on the atria and AV node. We conclude that age of the subject must be considered in evaluation of AVC time.
The acute asthmatic patient in the ED: to admit or discharge.

Abstract Treating asthma in the emergency department (ED) always involves the potentially difficult decision as to whether to discharge the patient, to continue treatment, or to admit to the hospital. The following are useful guidelines. (1) The duration of the bronchospasm, frequency of visits, history of previous endotracheal intubation, pulse rate, and accessory muscle use are findings affecting successful discharge from the ED. (2) Patients with peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of
Reconstruction of the Proto-Ch’olan demonstrative pronouns, deictic enclitics, and definite articles

This paper reconstructs the independent pronouns of Proto-Ch’olan (Mayan), and traces the changes that took place in the descendant languages – Ch’ol, Chontal, Ch’olti’, Ch’orti’. The evidence points to three subsets of pronouns for Proto-Ch’olan: *ha7-, *ha7in-, *nats’-. The first is a descendant of the Proto-Mayan pronoun base *ha7-. The second is an amalgamated base with a grammaticalised demonstrative enclitic *+in. And the third is a grammaticalised positional root *nats’‘nearby’. Proto-Western Ch’olan (Ch’ol-Chontal) innovated the pronoun base *hin-, attested in Classic Mayan texts as a possible diagnostic of Western Ch’olan vernacular speech, through contraction of Proto-Ch’olan *ha7in-, while Ch’orti’ innovated the pronoun base ha7ax through amalgamation and contraction of a deictic frame involving the pronoun base ha7 and the demonstrative ya7x‘there’ (ha7... ya7x>ha7+ya7x>ha7ax). Chontal exhibits the most change in its independent pronoun system, through its use of ergative person-agreement markers instead of absolutive ones to inflect the pronoun base. And finally, in addition to providing support for the reconstruction of deictic enclitics (*+a‘here’, *+i‘there’, *+e‘over.there’), the paper proposes the origin of the Ch’olan definite articles in the Proto-Ch’olan pronoun base *ha7in, and shows that these serve as yet another trait that distinguishes Eastern Ch’olan (*ha7ine) from Western Ch’olan (*hini).
A theory of boundary wall limitations on electric field induced reorientations in pyroelectric polymer films

Abstract An equilibrium model is presented for the electric field induced reorientations of dipoles (poling) of polymer films such as polyvinylidene fluoride. Poling is described as a process similar to the growth of domains in ferroelectric and ferromagnetic systems. The approach, which uses the calculus of variations, is based not only on the energy of formation of a surface, but also on the corresponding configurational entropy.
Effect of adrenalectomy on glucose turnover, the Cori cycle, and gluconeogenesis from alanine

Abstract [6-3H]Glucose in combination with [6-14C]glucose or [14C3]alanine was administered to normal and adrenalectomized rats to study glucose turnover, contribution of the Cori cycle to glucose production and gluconeogenesis from alanine. Plasma glucose concentration and glucose pool size were decreased following adrenalectomy. No effect was evident on the half-lives of [6-3H]glucose or [6-14C]glucose, indicating that neither the dicarboxylic acid shuttle nor the contribution fo Cori cycle (lactate incorporation) to glucose production is affected by lack of glucocorticoids. The incorporation of [14C3]alanine into the body glucose pool, however, was significantly decreased following adrenalectomy. It is propose that the decreased flow of precursors into glucose, resulting from a lack of adrenal glucocorticoids, originates at or before transamination of amino acids.
Interleukin 12 a key immunoregulatory cytokine in infection applications.

Interleukin 12 (termed IL-12p70 and commonly designated IL-12) is an important immunoregulatory cytokine that is produced mainly by antigen-presenting cells. The expression of IL-12 during infection regulates innate responses and determines the type of adaptive immune responses. IL-12 induces interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production and triggers CD4+ T cells to differentiate into type 1 T helper (Th1) cells. Studies have suggested that IL-12 could play a vital role in treating many diseases, such as viral and bacterial infections and cancers. The unique heterodimeric structure, which IL-12 shares with its family members including IL-23, IL-27, and IL-35, has recently brought more attention to understanding the mechanisms that regulate the functions of IL-12. This article describes the structure and biological activities of IL-12 in both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, and discusses the applications of IL-12 in treating and preventing infections.
The accomplishments and prospects of high resolution imaging methods

Abstract During the last ten years the methods of high resolution imaging of crystals have developed rapidly with improvements in the resolution and versatility of the instruments and a broadening of the range of applications. The associated techniques of microdiffraction and microanalysis from very small specimen areas offer the capabilities, not yet fully realized, for adding crystallographic and compositional information to the image data. An important requirement for the adequate interpretation of high resolution images is the accurate specification of parameters defining the experimental conditions for both the microscope and the specimen. Applications of the techniques for the study of surface structure appear promising.
“City Air Makes Free”: A Multi-Level, Cross-national Analysis Of Self-efficacy

The effects of cities on the subjective states of individuals have been the subject of continuous inquiry. Recent research has demonstrated potential links between immediate environments and individual outcomes such as perceived powerlessness. However, the results of such studies are inconsistent and fail to account for the greater societal environment in which observations occur. Using a more comparative, cross-national sample and multi-level modeling, we retest the expectation that the immediate physical and social environment influences feelings of powerlessness, and extend the test to consider urbanism operating at societal levels beyond the local. Controlling for demographic composition, we find that urban factors operating at both societal and local levels are important predictors of self-efficacy and powerlessness. While one factor was found to correspond with decreased self-efficacy, two aspects of urban environments—one local and one societal—are found to be consistent with Simmel's assertion tha...
Aberrant Reproductive Phenotypes Evident in Transgenic Mice Expressing the Wild-Type Mouse Estrogen Receptor

The estrogen receptor (ER) acts as a transcription factor to regulate multiple cellular functions involved in normal physiology, differentiation, and reproduction. To date, there is no known animal model for studying aberrant ER expression. Therefore, we created transgenic mice expressing the wild-type mouse ER under the control of the mouse metallothionein-I (MT) promoter to determine whether overexpression of the ER would disrupt normal reproductive processes. Five male and one female founder mice were produced, and all were fertile. The progeny from these mice were screened for MT-mER expression by the ribonuclease protection assay. Mice in all six lines were found to express the transgene in a variety of tissues, although generally at low levels. The highest level of expression was observed in the female reproductive tract of line E. Females in all six lines demonstrated aberrant reproductive phenotypes involving processes at parturition and, with some of the lines, a tendency toward reduced fertility. Gestational length was prolonged up to 4 days beyond the normal gestation of 19 days, providing evidence of delayed parturition. In addition, prolonged labor (up to 3 days in length to deliver all pups) and labors requiring cesarean sections for maternal survival demonstrated the occurrence of dystocia in the MT-mER females. As maternal age increased, the incidence of stillborn litters, delayed parturition, and dystocia approached 100% in the transgenic dams. Difficulties at parturition were not observed in nontransgenic control females. These phenotypes suggest that the mechanisms regulating parturition may be perturbed by improper expression of the ER. The MT-mER transgenic mice may provide a novel approach for studying the estrogen-regulated signals involved in parturition and fertility as well as a unique animal model for the human reproductive phenotypes of delayed parturition and dystocia.
Enhancement of brain calcium antagonist binding by phencyclidine and related compounds

Abstract The abilities of compounds structurally or pharmacologically related to phencyclidine to increase the apparent affinity of the [ 3 H]dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist [ 3 H]nitrendipine were examined in lysed synaptosomal membrane preparations of rat brain. The p-bromo analog of phencyclidine (1-(1-(4-bromophenyl)cyclohexyl)piperidine) was the most efficacious compound tested in enhancing the apparent affinity of [ 3 H]nitrendipine. The efficacy of this compound was ≈ two-fold greater than PCP. The stereoisomers of PCMP (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl-3-methylpiperidine) were also more efficacious than phencyclidine, although only a small degree of stereoselectivity was observed. Levoxadrol, dexoxadrol and the enantiomers of ketamine did not potentiate [ 3 H]nitrendipine binding. The enantiomers of SKF 10047 (n-allylormetazocine), dextrorphan, levorphanol and the ion channel toxins histrionicotoxin and pumiliotoxin-B also increased the apparently affinity of [ 3 H]nitrendipine, while several local anesthetics and μ-opiate receptor ligands were without effect. These studies suggest that the ability of phencyclidine and structurally related compounds to increase the apparent affinity of [ 3 H]nitrendipine is not mediated through an interaction with phencyclidine receptors, but may represent a unique site for allosteric modulation of neuronal dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist binding sites.
Arbitrary waveform DDFS utilizing Chebyshev polynomials interpolation

A new technique of arbitrary waveform direct digital frequency synthesis (DDFS) is introduced. In this method, one period of the desired periodic waveform is divided into m sections, and each section is approximated by a series of Chebyshev polynomials up to degree d. By expanding the resultant Chebyshev polynomials, a power series of degree d is produced. The coefficients of this power series are obtained by a closed-form direct formula. To reconstruct the desired signal, the coefficients of the approximated power series are placed in a small ROM, which delivers the coefficients to the inputs of a digital system. This digital system contains digital multipliers and adders to simulate the desired polynomial, as well as a phase accumulator for generating the digital time base. The output of this system is a reconstructed signal that is a good approximation of the desired waveform. The accuracy of the output signal depends on the degree of the reconstructing polynomial, the number of subsections, the wordlength of the truncated phase accumulator output, as well as the word length of the DDFS system output. The coefficients are not dependent on the sampling frequency; therefore, the proposed system is ideal for frequency sweeping. The proposed method is adopted to build a traditional DDFS to generate a sinusoidal signal. The tradeoff between the ROM capacity, number of sections, and spectral purity for an infinite output wordlength is also investigated.
Multicast routing in datagram internetworks and extended LANs

Multicasting, the transmission of a packet to a group of hosts, is an important service for improving the efficiency and robustness of distributed systems and applications. Although multicast capability is available and widely used in local area networks, when those LANs are interconnected by store-and-forward routers, the multicast service is usually not offered across the resulting internetwork. To address this limitation, we specify extensions to two common internetwork routing algorithms—distance-vector routing and link-state routing—to support low-delay datagram multicasting beyond a single LAN. We also describe modifications to the single-spanning-tree routing algorithm commonly used by link-layer bridges, to reduce the costs of multicasting in large extended LANs. Finally, we discuss how the use of multicast scope control and hierarchical multicast routing allows the multicast service to scale up to large internetworks.
Aphagia and adipsia following unilateral and bilaterally asymmetrical lesions in rats

Abstract Unilateral direct current lesions centered in the internal capsule produced as long as 18 days of aphagia relative to dry meal and as long as 33 days of adipsia. These lesions interrupted fibers from the frontal neocortex and fibers from the globus pallidus. In contrast, unilateral lesions in the hypothalamus produced no more than one day of aphagia or adipsia. Unilateral lesions in the midbrain reticular formation produced as long as 3 days of aphagia and 2 days of adipsia. These anatomical correlates were also demonstrated using the conventional bilaterally symmetrical lesions. Bilaterally asymmetrical lesions (an internal capsule lesion combined with a contralateral midbrain reticular formation lesion), produced as long as 117 days of aphagia and adipsia. Double unilateral control lesions were no more effective than single unilateral lesions.
Evolutionarily conserved, "acatalytic" carbonic anhydrase-related protein XI contains a sequence motif present in the neuropeptide sauvagine: the human CA-RP XI gene (CA11) is embedded between the secretor gene cluster and the DBP gene at 19q13.3.

Abstract Conserved amino acid motifs are found in numerous expressed genes. Proteins and peptides with functional relationships may be identified using probes designed to hybridize with these motifs. An oligonucleotide probe was prepared to match the sequence of the expected active region of a frog corticotropin-releasing factor-like peptide sauvagine and used to screen a sheep brain cDNA library. A novel 1331-bp cDNA encoding a putative 328-residue protein with a theoretical mass of 36 kDa was identified. The presence of a strong signal sequence indicates that it is a secreted protein. The amino- and carboxy-terminal regions are characterized by several potential phosphorylation sites and binding motifs, suggesting a role in intracellular signal transduction. Although the protein possesses a 7-residue sequence identical to that found in sauvagine, its overall primary structure most closely resembles those of the α-carbonic anhydrases (α-CAs). Moreover, the detection of the human and mouse orthologues in the EST databases, together with an evolutionary analysis, indicates that the protein represents a new member of the α-CA gene family, which we designate carbonic anhydrase-related protein XI (CA-RP XI), encoded byCA11(human) andCar11(mouse, rat). The humanCA11gene appears to be located between the secretor type α(1,2)-fucosyltransferase gene cluster (FUT1–FUT2–FUT2P) and the D-site binding protein gene (DBP) on chromosome 19q13.3. Despite potentially inactivating changes in the active-site residues, CA-RP XI is evolving very slowly in mammals, a property indicative of an important function, which has also been observed in the two other “acatalytic” CA isoforms, CA-RP VIII and CA-RP X, whose functions are unknown.
New Staircase Impact Electroluminescent Devices

The staircase impact electroluminescent devices (SIED) and the staircase photon amplifier converter (SPAC) are propos6d. The devices are a multilayered heterojunction structures in which the acceleration and collision excitation processes are spatially separated and permits independent optimization of each function in different materials. In collision excitation region, ballistic electrons excite the rare earth ions by direct impact. By changing conduction band step AEc we can tune up the energy of excited electrons to the resonance condition of a particular excited state of RE3+ ions. The emission from the rare earth ions with transition wavelength shorter than semiconductor's band edge emission can be generated. The emission will contain narrow lines with gradual change in wavelength with temperature. The advantages of the new devices and excitation mechanism are discussed in detail. Both proposed devices STED and SPAC can be built using the possible combinations containing Si,III-V and II-VT compounds doped with rare earth. Laser action should also be obtainable by properly choosing device geometry. The laser oscilation at the rare earth transition assure the same wavelength from devices to devices with weak temperature dependence.© (1987) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.