cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Working Towards Building Cultures of Peace: A Primer for Students and New Professionals

As the counseling profession moves into the 21st century, counselors and psychologists are increasingly expanding their roles in the reduction of violence across settings. For students and new professionals, this new horizon of needs and opportunities can create some “role confusion” as traditional “direct service” functions of individual and group therapy are evolving into “indirect services” that focus on broader interventions to help create peace. This article seeks to contribute a foundational guide for readers interested in peace psychology. The article provides a brief overview of the peace psychology movement, current trends, and informational sources. It reflects on factors that influence the decision to get involved and provides possible ways to participate in social action, as well as citing a personal example of how one student got involved in building cultures of peace within an international setting.
Mechanism of L-Ascorbic Acid Uptake by Rabbit Corneal Epithelial Cells: Evidence for the Involvement of Sodium-Dependent Vitamin C Transporter 2

Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of L-ascorbic acid uptake by rabbit corneal epithelial cells and to functionally characterize the specific transporter involved in this translocation process. Methods: Uptake studies were carried out with SIRC (Statens Seruminstitut Rabbit Cornea) and rPCEC (rabbit Primary corneal epithelial cell culture) in 12-well plates using [14C] Ascorbic acid (AA). Uptake was done in the presence of L-ascorbic acid and D-isoascorbic acid to delineate stereospecificity. Inhibition studies were performed in the presence of D-glucose a substrate for GLUT and also para amino hippuric acid (PAHA) a substrate for organic anion transporter. Effects of pH and sodium on the uptake of AA were characterized. Concentration dependency studies were performed. Energy dependence of AA uptake was investigated with ouabain and sodium azide in rPCEC. Reverse Transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was also performed. Results: Uptake of AA was inhibited by about 90% and 50% respectively in...
Dynamical spin-susceptibility of itinerant heavy electrons with nested Fermi surface

Heavy fermion systems frequently display non-Fermi liquid behavior due to a nearby quantum critical point. A nested Fermi surface together with the remaining interaction between the carriers after the heavy particles are formed may give rise to itinerant antiferromagnetism. The model under consideration consists of an electron pocket and a hole pocket, separated by a wave vector $\mathbf{Q}$ and Fermi momenta ${k}_{F1}$ and ${k}_{F2}$, respectively. The order can gradually be suppressed by increasing the mismatch of the Fermi momenta, defined as $2\ensuremath{\delta}={v}_{F}\ensuremath{\mid}{k}_{F1}\ensuremath{-}{k}_{F2}\ensuremath{\mid}$, and a quantum critical point is obtained as ${T}_{N}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ at a mismatch value ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{0}$. The dynamical spin susceptibility, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\ensuremath{''}}(\ensuremath{\omega},\mathbf{Q}+\mathbf{q})$, which is of relevance to inelastic neutron scattering, is calculated. The mismatch of the Fermi vectors, for $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\geqslant}{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{0}$, has the following consequences: (i) For the tuned quantum critical point (QCP), the specific heat $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coefficient and the magnetic susceptibility increase with the logarithm of the temperature as $T$ is lowered. (ii) For the tuned QCP the linewidth of the quasiparticles is sublinear in $T$ and $\ensuremath{\omega}$. (iii) The specific heat and the linewidth display a crossover from non-Fermi liquid $(\ensuremath{\sim}T)$ to Fermi liquid $(\ensuremath{\sim}{T}^{2})$ behavior with increasing nesting mismatch and decreasing temperature. (iv) For the tuned QCP, the dynamical susceptibility has a quasielastic peak with a linewidth proportional to $T$. For small ${v}_{F}q$, the central peak becomes inelastic. (v) For noncritical Fermi vector mismatch, the peak is inelastic. (vi) In all cases for large ${v}_{F}q$, a broad quasielasticlike peak develops. (vii) While the specific heat, the homogeneous susceptibility, and the quasiparticle linewidth are only weakly dependent on the geometry of the nested Fermi surfaces, the momentum-dependent dynamical susceptibility is expected to be affected by the shape of the Fermi surface.
Numerical Simulation of Fire Damage to a Long-Span Truss Bridge

This paper presents a detailed investigation on numerical simulation of an accidental fire on the Ed Koch Queensboro Bridge, which is a major long-span truss bridge connecting Manhattan to Queens in New York City. A truck traveling on the lower deck of the bridge caught fire, which spread to major bridge components supporting the upper deck. The fire was observed to last approximately 30 min. The heat released from the fire severely damaged two exterior stringers of the upper deck supporting an exterior lane, which led to the closure of this lane for several weeks. This paper presents detailed research on numerical simulation of the entire process of the fire and prediction of the structural response of the deck subjected to the fire loading. The simulation results show very good correlation between the simulated and observed damages, where the simulated out-of-plane deformation of the exposed stringers agrees well with measured deformations. The methodology presented in this paper is an effective approach for fire-structure interaction modeling and simulation and has the potential for application to other civil structures.
Deformation mechanisms in yttria-stabilized zirconia

Yielding behaviour and deformation modes are characterized for single-crystal and polycrystalline yttria-stabilized ZrO2 tested in compression from 23 to 800° C. The plastic flow of single-crystal specimens is shown to be orientation and temperature dependent, and is interpreted in terms of dislocation activity, transformation plasticity, and ferroelastic domain switching. Polycrystalline material deforms at room temperature by transformation plasticity, and at intermediate temperatures (∼800° C) by forming unstable shear bands, which flow via grain-boundary sliding and cavitation.
Perianal Abscess Evaluated by Endoscopic Ultrasound

It is essential to manage perianal abscess by clearly delineating the extent of the lesion, damage to the pelvic floor musculature or sphincters, and topographic mapping of the fistulous tract. We present a patient with a ruptured perianal abscess who underwent exploratory laparotomy. Pelvic computed tomography and transrectal endoscopic ultrasound were used to follow the lesion. Endoscopic ultrasound was shown to be accurate and effective in providing detailed images of the perianal abscess.
Highly optimized empirical potential model of silicon

We fit an empirical potential for silicon using the modified embedded atom (MEAM) functional form, which contains a nonlinear function of a sum of pairwise and three-body terms. The three-body term is similar to the Stillinger-Weber form. We parametrized our model using five cubic splines, each with 10 fitting parameters, and fitted the parameters to a large database using the force-matching method. Our model provides a reasonable description of energetics for all atomic coordinations, Z, from the dimer (Z = 1) to fcc and hcp (Z = 12). It accurately reproduces phonons and elastic constants, as well as point defect energetics. It also provides a good description of reconstruction energetics for both the 30° and 90° partial dislocations. Unlike previous models, our model accurately predicts formation energies and geometries of interstitial complexes - small clusters, interstitial-chain and planar {311} defects.
Bypass graft of an occluded inferior vena cava: Report of a case with patency at five years

Venous reconstructive surgery for chronic occlusive disease has evolved slower than its arterial counterpart. Factors intrinsic to the venous system that have been implicated in discouraging experimental and clinical results include enhanced graft thrombogenicity, low velocity of blood flow, and wall collapsibility. 1,2 We present a case of a 24-year-old man with symptomatic occlusion of the inferior vena cava, treated with a prosthetic bypass graft to the supra diaphragmatic cava. The graft was patent 5 years later, and the patient remained asymptomatic.
A Petri Net model view of decision making: an operational management analysis

Abstract Certain management decision problems are not often easily modeled using traditional decision-making frameworks. Complex management decision problems may possess characteristics that are difficult to describe fully with any single decision-making framework such as a decision tree or a network model. A Petri Net is a powerful and a highly versatile modeling tool that possesses meta-model capability to replace alternative decision-making frameworks and model complex management decision problems or situations. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: (1) to review the properties of Petri Net models in view of management perspectives; and (2) to illustrate their power to describe various decision-making frameworks including decision trees, network models, Markov decision problems and time-table problems. Thus, we illustrate how Petri Net models possess meta-model capability to replace alternative decision-making frameworks.
Guided Field Observations: Variables Related to Preservice Teachers' Knowledge about Effective Primary Reading Instruction∗

Relations between preservice teachers' guided field observations of primary literacy instruction and knowledge about effective beginning reading practices were explored. Preservice teachers (n = 48) participated in a Directed Field Experience course including instruction on and observations of exemplary teaching practices promoting student engagement and literacy achievement. Correlations, calculated between the quantity of exemplary reading instruction practices observed by preservice teachers and the accuracy of observations with their knowledge about effective beginning literacy instruction, suggest guided field observations of exemplary practices may positively impact preservice teachers' knowledge of effective early literacy instruction. Observing more exemplary practices was associated with preservice teachers' knowledge acquisition represented in concept maps (r = .368; p = .015). Practices promoting a generally motivating classroom atmosphere were more readily understood by preservice teachers tha...
Mothers’ Perceptions of Postpartum Stress and Satisfaction

Objective: To examine mothers' postpartum perceptions of stress and satisfaction. Design: Methodologic triangulation with quantitative and qualitative data in a nonexperimental design. Participants and Setting: A convenience sample of 95 women was obtained during normally scheduled postpartum appointments at a health maintenance organization. Main Outcome Measures: The self-administered questionnaire included the Mothers' Information Tool (MIT), What Being the Parent of a Baby Is Like (WPL-R), and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Open-ended MIT items revealed mothers' perceptions of stress and satisfaction. The WPL-R provided maternal satisfaction scores, and the BSI yielded Global Stress Index scores. Results: Content analysis identified the following categories: Roles, Tasks, Resources, and Relationships. Subcategories identified as areas of stress were Work/School, Sleep/Rest, Adjustment/Own Needs, Health/Body Image, Organization of Life, Child Care, Day Care, Housework, Future Challenges, Finances, Housing, Time, Partner, and Family. Subcategories identified as areas of satisfaction were Participating in Relationships, Sharing the Future, Being Proud to Be a Mother, Enjoying a Healthy Baby, and Caring for a Child. Levels of stress and satisfaction of mothers who scored high and low on quantitative measures were compared. Conclusion: The outcomes contribute to the knowledge concerning postpartum women's perceptions of the mothering experience and suggest approaches to nursing assessment and intervention to prevent postpartum adjustment difficulties.
Clinical evaluation of an improved direct-writing phonocardiograph.

Abstract Despite the inherently limited response capability of mechanical recorders, we have found it possible to develop a direct-writing phonocardiograph which produces tracings that compare rather favorably with optical galvanometric registration. Phonocardiograms recorded simultaneously by the two methods from 30 subjects with auscultatory abnormalities showed very little loss of diagnostically important information (important, at least, by present standards) by the direct writer. The use of the direct-writing technique eliminates the effort and delay of photographic processing, and the immediacy of the results affords a means for continuously monitoring the records for quality and special content at the time of registration. Our experiences with the instrument described in this report indicate that properly designed direct-writing phonocardiographs may be used to real advantage in routine clinical applications.
Communication between RNA folding domains revealed by folding of circularly permuted ribozymes.

Abstract To study the role of sequence and topology in RNA folding, we determined the kinetic folding pathways of two circularly permuted variants of the Tetrahymena group I ribozyme, using time-resolved hydroxyl radical footprinting. Circular permutation changes the distance between interacting residues in the primary sequence, without changing the native structure of the RNA. In the natural ribozyme, tertiary interactions in the P4-P6 domain form in 1 s, while interactions in the P3-P9 form in 1–3 min at 42 °C. Permutation of the 5′ end to G111 in the P4 helix allowed the stable P4-P6 domain to fold in 200 ms at 30 °C, five times faster than in the wild-type RNA, while the other domains folded five times more slowly (5–8 min). By contrast, circular permutation of the 5′ end to G303 in J8/7 decreased the folding rate of the P4-P6 domain. In this permuted RNA, regions joining P2, P3 and P4 were protected in 500 ms, while the P3-P9 domain was 60–80% folded within 30 s. RNase T1 digestion and FMN photocleavage showed that circular permutation of the RNA sequence alters the initial ensemble of secondary structures, thereby changing the tertiary folding pathways. Our results show that the natural 5′-to-3′ order of the structural domains in group I ribozymes optimizes structural communication between tertiary domains and promotes self-assembly of the catalytic center.
A social-cognitive framework for understanding serious lies: Activation-decision-construction-action theory

Abstract Little is known about the cognition of deception ( Gombos, 2006 ). We propose a cognitive account of serious lying (i.e., deception involving high stakes) in response to a solicitation of a truth: Activation-Decision-Construction-Action Theory (ADCAT). Built on the Activation-Decision-Construction Model of answering questions deceptively ( Walczyk, Roper, Seeman, & Humphrey, 2003 ), the theory elaborates on the roles of executive processes, theory of mind, emotions, motivation, specifies cognitive processing thoroughly, and considers the rehearsal of lies. ADCAT's four processing components are (a) activation of the truth, the (b) decision whether and how to alter deceptively the information shared, (c) construction of a deception, and (d) action [acting sincere while delivering a lie]. Core constructs are “theory of mind” and “cognitive resources”. Specifically, throughout serious deception, individuals are inferring the current or potential mental states of targets and taking steps to minimize the allocation of cognitive resources during delivery to appear honest and lie well.
A proposed experiment for beam conditioning

An experiment on beam conditioning (1) is proposed for the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The proposed demonstration will employ the already approved Harmonic Generation FEL (2) experiment (HGFEL) at the facility. The HGFEL experiment will use a 30 MeV electron beam from the ATF and a seed laser to produce a 3.4 micron radiation from a superconducting wiggler with a 1.8 cm period. In the proposed experiment, the beam energy is reduced to 17 MeV, and only the second wiggler of the HGFEL is employed. Resonance is made at 10.6 microns. The demonstration involves spoiling the emittance to drastically reduce the output power. A beam conditioning section introduces momentum variations correlated with betatron amplitude. This correlation will correct the deleterious effects of the artificially introduced emittance increase thus providing a clear demonstration of the conditioner.
Biofilter‐a malodor control technology for livestock industry

Abstract Biofilters give a new route to solve malodor problems from livestock and poultry production. Unlike wet‐scrubbers and trickling filters, the odor compounds and pollutants eliminated by biofilters aie completely metabolized and degraded without causing secondary pollution. This paper reviews these recently developed techniques and applications and intends to introduce this technology to livestock industry for malodor and contaminant control. pH adjustment and inoculation and nutrient seeding techniques improve the feasibility of biofiltration application in malodor control. Isolating deodorizing bacteria greatly increases the biodegradation rate and the possibility of equalizing the adsorption rate and metabolic rate, which will highly ameliorate the biofiltration efficiency.
The effects of soil biota and fertilization on the success of Sapium sebiferum

Soil organisms can have important impacts on the structure, diversity, and invasion potential of plant communities. In particular, the short co-evolutionary history of nonnative plants with soil biota could confer unusual benefits or costs to hosts in the introduced range with consequences for invasion success. We used parallel pot and field studies to examine how soil biota (active or sterilized soil) and fungicide (addition or control) affected the growth and survival of the invasive, non-native tree, Sapium sebiferum, and three cooccurring native tree species Liquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa sylvatica, and Quercus nigra in the Big Thicket National Preserve in east Texas, USA. In addition, because plant interactions with soil microbes vary with abiotic factors, we also included a fertilization treatment. The aboveground and belowground biomass of all species were higher in the presence of an active soil biotic community than in sterilized soil. Sapium alone showed more than additive growth increases under the combination of both field active and fertilized soils. It was also the only species to maintain high aboveground biomass and high aboveground nitrogen levels under those conditions. The high levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization found on Sapium compared to natives suggest that arbuscular mycorrhizae may be involved in this phenomenon. These resultsindicate that belowground soilorganismsprovideunusualpositivebenefits to the invader that are not experienced by native species. This benefit may increase Sapium growth rates compared to natives in the forest understory and therefore facilitate Sapium invasion into mesic temperate forests currently experiencing high levels of anthropogenic nutrient inputs.
Graph theory and binary alloys passivated by nickel

Abstract The passivity of a nickel binary alloy is considered in terms of a network of –Ni–O–Ni– bridges in the oxide film, where Ni is the component of the binary alloy which produces passivity. The structure of the oxide is represented by a mathematical graph, and graph theory is used to calculate the connectivity of the oxide, given by the product of the number of edges in the graph and the Randic index. A stochastic calculation is employed to insert ions of the second metal into the oxide film so as to disrupt the connectivity of the –Ni–O–Ni– network. This disruption occurs at a critical ionic concentration of the oxide film. Mathematical relationships are developed for the introduction of a general ion B + n into the oxide film, and critical ionic compositions are calculated for oxide films on the nickel binary alloys. The notation B refers to any metal B which produces B + n ions in the oxide film, where + n is the oxidation number of the ion. The results of this analysis for Fe–Ni and Cu–Ni binary alloys are in good agreement with experimental results.
Addition of anions to carbonyl compounds: an ab initio study.

Energies for the addition of anionic nucleophiles, Z−, to carbonyl compounds, XYCO, are calculated at the G2(MP2) level of theory. The substituents X, Y, and Z are taken from the set {H, CH3, NH2, OH, F, CF3, CHCH2, CHO, CCH, and CN}. The basicity and, to a lesser extent, ionization potential of Z− were found to correlate with the enthalpy of addition of Z− to H2CO. The enthalpy of addition of Z− to XYCO relative to H2CO is largely independent of Z. The ordering of the enthalpies of addition for the series of XYCOʼs is rationalized. By using a thermodynamic cycle, the independence of this ordering from Z is attributed to the additivity of the inductive stabilization of XYZCO− by X and Y versus H2ZCO−. A method for estimating the enthalpy of addition for nucleophile/carbonyl combinations not studied above is described and shown to give good results on a model system.
Expression of connective tissue growth factor mRNA in the fibrous stroma of mammary tumors

Abstract Desmoplasia, the formation of highly cellular, excessive connective tissue stroma associated with some cancers, shares many features with the wound healing response. Since connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has previously been demonstrated to play a role in wound repair, we wanted to determine if it might be involved in the pathogenesis of stromal desmoplasia in mammary cancer. We assayed 11 human invasive mammary ductal carcinomas by Northern blot and 7 out of 11 were positive for both CTGF expression and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1, a principal CTGF inducer). One specimen was positive only for TGF-β1. The remaining 3 tumors lacked significant stromal involvement and were negative for either factor. In every case we assayed, in which there was marked connective tissue involvement, both CTGF and TGF-β1 messages were found. We also assayed 3 murine mammary tumor models. The GI-101 xenograft model had marked stroma and was positive for both factors in-vivo, but positive for only TGF-β1 mRNA expression in culture where fibroblasts were absent. The DMBA murine tumor lacked significant stroma and was negative for CTGF and TGF-β1 expression by Northern blot, while the stromal rich DMBA-MMTV tumor contained multifocal desmoplasia and was positive for both factors. We performed in-situ hybridization for CTGF and TGF-β1 on the GI-101 and DMBA-MMTV tumors. CTGF message was observed only in the fibroblasts of the stroma, while TGF-β1 mRNA hybridization was present in tumor epithelial cells and leukocytes. These results suggest that cancer stroma formation involves induction of similar fibroproliferative growth factors (TGF-β1 and CTGF) as wound repair.
Transitive partitions in realizations of tournament score sequences

A tournament is an oriented complete graph, and one containing no directed cycles is called transitive. A tournament T=(V, A) is called m-partition transitive if there is a partition \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty} \begin{document}${{V}}={{X}}_{{{1}}} {\cup\hskip-8.5pt{\cdot}\hskip4pt} {{X}}_{{{2}}} {\cup\hskip-8.5pt{\cdot}\hskip4pt} \ldots {\cup\hskip-8.5pt{\cdot}\hskip4pt}{{X}}_{{{m}}}$\end{document} such that the subtournaments induced by each Xi are all transitive, and T is m-partition k-transitive if max|Xi|=k. Two tournaments are equivalent if they have the same out-degree sequence. We show that for any m and k, T is equivalent to an m-partition k-transitive tournament T′ whenever T is equivalent to any tournament which contains a transitive subtournament of order at least k. This generalizes results of Guiduli et al. and Acosta et al., who proved the claim for m=2 and k=⌈n-2⌉, and m>2 and kl⌈n-2⌉, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 64: 52–62, 2010
Mathematical models of targeted cancer therapy

Improved understanding of the molecular underpinnings of cancer initiation and progression has led to the development of targeted cancer therapies. The importance of these new methods of cancer treatment necessitates further research into the dynamic interactions between cancer cells and therapeutic agents, as well as a means of analysing their relationship quantitatively. The present review outlines the application of mathematical modelling to the dynamics of targeted cancer therapy, focusing particular attention on chronic myeloid leukaemia and its treatment with imatinib (Glivec).
Banking deregulation: Allocational consequences of relaxing entry barriers

Abstract We present an equilibrium analysis to predict the long-run allocational consequences and risk implications of banking deregulation. Loan demand and deposit supply functions are derived from primitive assumptions about the preferences of individuals, and banks are viewed as (differentiated) competitors in a spatial context. We find that a relaxation of entry barriers into banking improves the welfare of borrowers and savers at the expense of bank stockholders. Equilibrium loan interest rates fall and equilibrium deposit interest rates rise as banking becomes more competitive. Despite this, the equilibrium debt-equity ratios of banks increase as entry barriers are relaxed. We also examine the implications of capital standards and find that an increase in the minimum capital requirement benefits borrowers but hurts depositors.
Oracle real application testing

This paper presents the Oracle solution for database testing delivered in the Oracle 11g Database Real Application Testing option. The first feature, the SQL Performance Analyzer, performs unit testing of the SQL of a production workload. The second feature, Database Replay, makes it possible to subject a test system to a real production system workload. Both features base their effectiveness on the fact that the best possible workload for testing is the actual production workload, which is unparalleled to our knowledge. By running the real application workload on a test system, these features can predict the impact of changes to a production system accurately and without risk. Combined with Oracle's performance manageability offerings, such as the Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM) and SQL Tuning Advisor, these features provide a compelling end-to-end approach for introducing change into production environments without risk of performance regression.
DNA–protein interactions: Two steps to binding replication origins?

Abstract Recent structural studies of the Epstein–Barr virus EBNA1 protein bound to DNA suggest that it binds to DNA replication origins in a two-step process; the first step involves recognition of the correct sequence and the second initiates structural changes in the DNA.
Jejunoileal bypass reversal: Effect on renal function, metabolic parameters and stone formation

ABSTRACT Purpose: While the effect of jejunoileal bypass (JIB) reversal has been well studied regarding hepatic function, there is little information regarding the effect of reversal on renal function and even less data regarding the metabolic urinary stone environment. We evaluated the results of JIB reversal on renal function, the urinary stone milieu and the clinical development of recurrent calculi in affected patients. Materials and Methods: From 1995 to 2003, 4 female patients with a mean age of 48.2 years underwent JIB reversal primarily for refractory stone disease. The clinical and metabolic courses prior to and following bypass reversal were reviewed specifically to evaluate renal function, serum and urinary metabolic stone profiles, and clinical stone formation. Results: At initial presentation following JIB all 4 patients had significantly increased 24-hour urinary oxalate (range 80 to 160 mg, mean 112.5, normal less than 50) and significantly low 24-hour urinary citrate (range 5 to 62 mg, mean 21.5, normal greater than 320). Following reversal 24-hour urinary oxalate normalized to between 31 and 36 mg (mean 33.75). However, 24-hour urinary citrate continued to be low (range 215 to 248 mg, mean 226.5). After JIB reversal all 4 patients continued to have new stones until the commencement of urinary alkalization, following which only 1 had 1 calculus, which occurred 47 months after reversal. After JIB mean serum creatinine was 1.48 mg/dl (range 0.8 to 1.9) and mean urinary creatinine excretion was 0.91 mg per hour (range 0.69 to 1.15). After JIB reversal mean serum creatinine was 1.28 mg/dl (range 0.6 to 2.0) and mean urinary creatinine excretion was 1.0 mg per hour (range 0.85 to 1.10). Conclusions: JIB reversal normalizes 24-hour urinary oxalate. While urinary citrate improves, it continues to be low and such patients are at high risk for recurrent stone formation. However, in this setting appropriate replacement therapy has a significant and positive impact on that propensity.
True Metabolizable Energy of Dried Bakery Product

Abstract Twenty-six samples of dried bakery product (DBP) were obtained from commercial sources and were evaluated for their proximate composition and TMEn content. Among the samples, marked variations were noted in ash, fiber, ether extract, and TMEn content. An equation to predict the TMEn content from the proximate composition was developed: TMEn (kcal/kg) = 3.9 + .02 × ether extract – .09 × crude fiber .03 × ash (R2 = .80). Ten additional samples of DBP were evaluated for proximate composition and TMEn in order to test the prediction equation. The error obtained when estimating the TMEn content from the prediction equation (4.1%) was substantially less than that obtained when assuming an average value based on Samples 1 to 36 (6.8%). The final prediction equation, derived from Samples 1 to 36, was: TMEn (kcal/g) = 4.34 –.10 × crude fiber – .04 × ash – .03 × protein + .01 × ether extract (R2 = .78). The mean errors based on the initial and final equations were 2.91 and 2.65%, respectively. Both compare favorably with the residual error of 5.78% obtained when using the average value of 3.63 kcal/g. All values given are expressed on the basis of 90% dry matter.
Intermittency in free turbulent shear flows

A formalism previously used in the context of deformable porous media and turbulent/ nonturbulent intermittent flows is restated here. The behavior of the intermittency function derivatives at the interface gives rise to surface integrals over the latter. The conditioned equations of continuity, momentum, energy, vorticity, and conservation of a scalar are derived for the turbulent and irrotational zones. Surface integrals with a precise physical meaning enter the conditioned equations. They can be interpreted as entrainment of mass, momentum, energy and scalar, and as direct interactions between the turbulent and irrotational regions. Use is made of the experimental conditioned measurements for: (i) the plane wake behind a heated flat plate, and (ii) the heated turbulent round jet; the profiles of entrainment of mass and the combination of direct interactive force and entrainment of momentum are calculated. These derived profiles are compared with models proposed by previous investigators.
Characterization of the molecular iodine electronic wave functions and potential energy curves through hyperfine interactions in the B0+_u(3Pi_u) state

We present a high-resolution analysis of the six electronic states that share the same dissociation limit with the second excited electronic state B in molecular iodine. These six states are coupled to the B state via hyperfine interactions. The four hyperfine parameters, C_B, delta_B, d_B, and eqQ_B, are calculated with the available potential energy curves and wave functions constructed from the separated-atom basis set. We obtain a maximum separation of the respective contributions from all six electronic states and compare each individual contribution with high-precision spectroscopic data, providing an independent verification of the relevant electronic structure.
The distribution and some effects of the seasonal quantities ofE-P (Evaporation minus precipitation) over the north atlantic and north pacific

In connection with an investigation of the energy relations between sea and atmosphere, two by-products were a set of seasonal precipitation charts for all oceans and a set of seasonal evaporation charts for the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. These data have made possible the determination of the important seasonal and annual values ofE-P for the latter two areas. Some of the more important conclusions drawn from these computations are that: 1. TheE-P values over the North Atlantic and North Pacific are nearly everywhere greatest in winter and least in summer. 2. The largest positive values ofE-P occur in the subtropical regions during all seasons, with secondary areas of maximumE-P during one or more of the cooler seasons in the western portions of the oceans south of latitude 40° N. Large negative values occur, in the equatorial regions and at high latitudes in the northeastern portions of both oceans throughout the year. 3. The total excess of evaporation over precipitation is, in both oceans, much greater in winter than in summer. In fact, the total precipitation over both oceans during summer exceeds the total evaporation, indicating that the Northern Hemisphere oceans are not sources of moisture for precipitation over land during that season. 4. Through the use ofWust's formulae, which show the relation between the zonal values of the surface salinity and the zonal values of the annualE-P, an annual chart of the computed surface salinities has been prepared. An additional difference chart of the observed minus the computed salinities for the North Atlantic and North Pacific indicates that there is a tendency for the areas of maximum (or minimum) surface salinities to be displaced (cum sole) in the direction of surface flow away from the areas of maximum (or minimum)E-P. 5. A plot (on an equal-area scale) of the average zonal values of the observed minus the computed salinities indicates that the positive areas on the preceding difference chart very nearly equal in extent the negative areas in the North Pacific, but that, in the North Atlantic, the positive areas (regions showing importation of high water) greatly exceed the negative areas in extent. If the difference values are taken to be approximately correct, this result implies that considerable high salinity water must be advected into the North Atlantic across the Equator from the South Atlantic.
Properties of isolated red pulp macrophages from mouse spleen

Dense monolayers of large, adherent macrophages were prepared from the red pulp of mouse spleen. These sinus-lining phagocytes resembled liver Kupffer cells in morphology, as well as expression of F4/80 and class II MHC antigens and receptors for IgG. C3-coated red cells attached at low levels to spleen macrophages, but attachment and endocytosis were enhanced on fibronectin-coated surfaces. The ionophore A23187 induced spleen macrophages to synthesize prostaglandin E2, but like Kupffer cells, spleen macrophages did not synthesize leukotrienes and made relatively small amounts of HETE and 12-hydroxyheptadecanoic acid. Resident spleen macrophages did not produce H2O2, but splenic inflammatory cells, induced by infection of animals with Listeria monocytogenes, actively released H2O2. We conclude that the functional properties of resident, sinusoidal-lining macrophages in liver and spleen are similar to one another but distinct from other pools of phagocytes.
Association between Perioperative Blood Transfusions and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Bladder Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

Background. Perioperative blood transfusions are associated with poor survival in patients with solid tumors including bladder cancer. Objective. To investigate the impact of perioperative blood transfusions on oncological outcomes after radical cystectomy. Design. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting and Participants. Adult patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Intervention. Packed red blood cells transfusion during or after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). We calculated the pooled hazard ratio (HR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals by random and fixed effects models. Results and Limitation. Eight, seven, and five studies were included in the OS, CSS, and RFS analysis, respectively. Blood transfusions were associated with 27%, 29%, and 12% reduction in OS, CSS, and RFS, respectively. A sensitivity analysis supported the association. This study has several limitations; however the main problem is that it included only retrospective studies. Conclusions. Perioperative BT may be associated with reduced RFS, CSS, and OS in patients undergoing RC for BC. A randomized controlled study is needed to determine the causality between the administration of blood transfusions and bladder cancer recurrence.
The Evolution of Open Innovation: An Interview with Henry Chesbrough

(2011). The Evolution of Open Innovation: An Interview with Henry Chesbrough. Research-Technology Management: Vol. 54, No. 5, pp. 13-18.
Copper deficiency increases total protein and apolipoprotein A-I synthesis in the rat small intestine.

AbstractThis study was designed to determine whether an enhanced intestinal synthesis of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I is associated with the hyperapolipoproteinemia observed in copper-deficient rats. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two dietary treatments, Cu deficient (0.6 ppm Cu) and Cu adequate (6.0 ppm Cu) for 6 weeks. In vivo studies were then performed after rats were injected with a flooding dose of 150 μM [3H]phenylalanine (PHE, 50 μCi/ml/100 g body wt). Three rats from each treatment were sacrificed at 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min postinjection. The small intestine was rapidly rinsed and frozen in liquid N2. In vitro studies were performed by labeling freshly isolated 6-cm segments from duodenum, jejunum, and ileum with [3H]PHE (33 μCi/ml, 49.7 Ci/mmol) in PHE-free minimum essential medium for 7 and 14 min. In vivo and in vitro intestinal samples were sonicated, solubilized in 1% Triton X-100, and centrifuged to provide the detergent soluble fraction for the isolation of nascent apo A-...
Introduction: Edited by Karen S. Davidson

This article highlights the speakers and their topics presented at the Libraries eResource & Emerging Technologies Summit (LEETS) (formerly known as the MidSouth eResource Symposium) held at Missis...
Genetics of permethrin resistance in the horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae).

In horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), inheritance of permethrin resistance was determined using a strain that had been selected to be 100-fold more resistant at the LC50 than the susceptible strain. Resistance is determined by a single, incompletely recessive, sex-linked gene. Resistance was not significantly altered by addition of metabolic detoxification synergists S, S, S -tributyl phosphorotrithioate and piperonyl butoxide, indicating that the resistance mechanism was knockdown resistance target-site insensitivity.
The vaccination rate of the National Immunization Program and its effect factors in Tongzhou district of Beijing in 2011

Objective To understand the primary vaccination level of National Immunization Program(NIP)among children in Tongzhou District and analyze the effect factors of its timely coverage,therefore to provide improvement measures. Methods PPS sampling method was enrolled in the study. The vaccination information and related data collected from 490 children (235 local children and 255 migrant children), who were born from January 1, 2009 to October 31, 2010 and lived in Tongzhou District more than two months, were studied. Results The primary immunization coverage of all vaccines was higher than 90%. The timely vaccination rate for primary doses was lower than the qualified vaccination rate. The qualified vaccination rates for booster doses of DDP and MV were higher than 90%. The timely vaccination rates of OPV, DPT, MV and the timely rate of fully vaccinated by five vaccines in local children were higher than that in floating children. Meanwhile, the qualified vaccination rates of BCG and HBV had the same character in local and migrant children. Among the children with unqualified vaccination, overdue vaccination, vaccination in advance and non-vaccination accounted for 47.34%, 30.18% and 23.67%, respectively. Conclusion The application of information system, the implementation of supplementary immunization activities for pre-school migrant children and the higher degree participation of societies had played positive effects on improving the migrant childrens vaccination rate. Because the degree of education and attention of migrant childrens parents were relatively lower than that of local parents, the timely vaccination rate in two groups had difference. After administrating primary immunization, the awareness and compliance with vaccination among migrant childrens parents improved greatly. The key factors for influencing timely vaccination rate were temporary contraindications, congenital defects founded in physical examinations, inoculation of the first and second class vaccines at different day and PPD testing.
Teacher candidate performance assessments: Local scoring and implications for teacher preparation program improvement

Abstract Locally-scored teacher candidate performance assessments offer teacher preparation programs (TPPs) formative performance data, common language and expectations, and information to guide program improvements. To best use these data, TPPs need to understand the validity and reliability of local scoring and assess whether scores predict candidates’ performance as teachers. Examining locally-scored performance assessments, we find that local scores are significantly higher than official scores. However, local scores identify three factors partially-aligned with the assessment’s construct blueprint and significantly predict teachers’ performance outcomes. These analyses provide a framework for research and highlight the utility of locally-scored performance assessments for evidence-based TPP improvement.
Applying Concepts of Well-being to the Treatment of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Patients

Over the past few decades, psychiatry and medicine have embraced the goal of wellness as comprising more than just the absence of disease. As practitioners who apply the science of well being to help our patients lead happier and more fulfilling lives, we should also broaden the concept of wellness to include milestones, challenges, and achievements that specific communities may face. In the LGBT communities, we have addressed coming out as an important facet of well being, but now we have also begun to embrace the role that marriage and the creation of families of choice play in the lives of our patients. This presentation will explicate role of wellbeing in medicine and psychiatry and explore specifically how we can use concepts of wellness to help our LGBT patients achieve greater health and meaning in life.
Ethnic Identity and Latino Youth: The Current State of the Research

What is race? What is ethnicity? Although almost everyone has at least a basic understanding of what these concepts mean, the research on ethnic identity and Latino youth is relatively young making it hard to make consistent inferences on the topic and its impact. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the theoretical frameworks, definitions, and measurements used to explain ethnic identity development and to look at which environmental factors are currently being studied in relation to this concept. A systematic analysis of the literature was performed to assess how Latino ethnic identity was conceptualized and measured and whether any theoretical frameworks were used to center the concept. In addition, this study also looked at which environmental variables were currently being studied in relation to ethnic identity. The results showed that there was little agreement on how to conceptualize, theorize, and measure ethnic identity. The results revealed three major types of definitions, 13 theories, and 17 measures. The study found little to no mention of environmental variables (e.g., community and school) study in relation to ethnic identity development. The results suggest that the inconsistencies in measurements, conceptualization and how ethnic identity is defined affect study results and limit the interpretations drawn from them.
Contemporary Memory Plays I: The Fragmented Self

Turning to more recent incarnations of the memory play extending beyond American drama, this chapter demonstrates that the sense of stable self is disrupted in contemporary British plays by variations in portraying how characters move into the past. This sense of fragmented self is evident in Tom Stoppard’s The Invention of Love as well as two Irish plays, Hugh Leonard’s“Da” and Brian Friel’s Dancing at Lughnasa. These works are typical memory plays in that at least one character portrays a different age in the space of a moment without a change of costume, makeup, or props. A sense of essential, unchanging self arises from such portrayals, but each play introduces twists in the performance of age that complicate that concept.
Measurement of the hematocrit using paper-based microfluidic devices

The quantification of blood cells provides critical information about a patient's health status. Sophisticated analytical equipment, such as hematology analyzers, have been developed to perform these measurements, but limited-resource settings often lack the infrastructure required to purchase, operate, and maintain instrumentation. To address these practical challenges, paper-based microfluidic devices have emerged as a platform to develop diagnostic assays specifically for use at the point-of-care. To date, paper-based microfluidic devices have been used broadly in diagnostic assays that apply immunoassay, clinical chemistry, and electrochemistry techniques. The analysis of cells, however, has been largely overlooked. In this communication, we demonstrate a paper-based microfluidic device that enables the controlled transport of red blood cells (RBCs) and the measurement of the hematocrit—the ratio of RBC packed cell volume to total volume of whole blood. The properties of paper, device treatment, and device geometry affect the overall extent and reproducibility of transport of RBCs. Ultimately, we developed an inexpensive (US$0.03 per device) thermometer-styled device where the distance traveled by RBCs is proportional to the hematocrit. These results provide a foundation for the design of paper-based microfluidic devices that enable the separation and detection of cells in limited-resource settings.
Simonart's Band: Its Effect on Cleft Classification and Recommendations for Standardized Nomenclature.

Objective: Accurate classification of cleft lip plays an important role in communication, treatment planning, and comparison of outcomes across centers. Although there is reasonable consensus in defining cleft types, the presence of Simonart's band can make classification challenging. Our objective was to survey cleft care providers to determine what all consider to be Simonart's band, how its presence effects cleft lip classification, and to provide recommendations for standardized nomenclature. Design: A multiple-choice survey was e-mailed to 1815 members of the American Cleft Palate–Craniofacial Association, assessing each respondent's definition of Simonart's band and its effect on cleft classification. Cleft classification was drawn from the ICD system diagnosis billing codes. Descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Three hundred seventy-three providers completed the survey (20.5% response), the majority of whom were surgeons (61.5%); 87.1% agreed with the definition that a Simonart's band is...