cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of an EMF Suppressing Magnetic Shield for a 100-kW DD-Coil Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles

This study investigates the electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions of a 100-kW Double-D (DD) wireless charging system (WCS). A shielding technique is proposed to suppress the magnetic field emissions below the limits set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The leakage pattern produced by the DD coil is different than unipolar (circular, rectangular, etc.) pads and traditional eddy current based aluminum shields are not effective at suppressing this leakage field. Therefore, a methodically designed magnetic shield could be more effective. This study proposes a shielding technique for DD coils using a combination of aluminum shielding and a low reluctance magnetic shield to suppress the magnetic field emissions. The shielding effectiveness is evaluated through finite element analysis (FEA) models and tested experimentally. The effectiveness of the proposed magnetic shielding and the limits of the conventional aluminum shielding are studied. A prototype 11-kW DD coil wireless charging system is used to experimentally validate the proposed shielding technique. The experimental results show that the aluminum shield increases the emissions of DD coils by 25% and the proposed magnetic shield can be employed to suppress the emission by 60%.
Simultaneous choice bioassays accompanied by physiological changes identify civetone and decanoic acid as pheromone candidates for giant pandas

Chemicals present in urine are thought to play an important role in mate identification in the solitary giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). During the breeding season, females will deposit chemical signals to advertise sexual receptivity to potential mates. The goal of this study was to determine if specific volatile compounds found in female urine could be considered as pheromones that elicit behavioral and physiological responses in males. Experimental simultaneous choice trials were conducted with captive male giant pandas (n = 3) housed at Memphis Zoo, San Diego Zoo, and Zoo Atlanta. Octanoic acid, 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, decanoic acid, and civetone were selected as stimuli because previous studies reported their elevation in urine during the breeding season. Male interest was determined by a behavioral preference toward these volatile compounds diluted in synthetic urine compared with nontreated synthetic urine. Male urine samples were collected 1 week prior, during, and 1 week after the experimental period to assess changes in urinary semiochemical composition and urinary androgen concentrations. No significant differences in investigation response (p = .395) or flehmen response (p = .600) were found when stimuli were compared; however, decanoic acid and civetone elicited a behavioral preference over the control (response ratio > 0.5). The relative abundance of 16 compounds identified in male urine was significantly elevated (p < .05) above baseline values after the males were exposed to the stimuli. Androgen levels were significantly elevated (p < .05) in one male after exposure to 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, decanoic acid, and civetone. These data suggested that civetone and decanoic acid in female urine may motivate sexual responses in males.
Automated Relative Fundamental Frequency Algorithms for Use With Neck-Surface Accelerometer Signals.

Summary Objective Relative fundamental frequency (RFF) has been suggested as a potential acoustic measure of vocal effort. However, current clinical standards for RFF measures require time-consuming manual markings. Previous semi-automated algorithms have been developed to calculate RFF from microphone signals. The current study aimed to develop fully automated algorithms to calculate RFF from neck-surface accelerometer signals for ecological momentary assessment and ambulatory monitoring of voice. Methods Training a set of 2646 /vowel-fricative-vowel/ utterances from 317 unique speakers, with and without voice disorders, was used to develop automated algorithms to calculate RFF values from neck-surface accelerometer signals. The algorithms first rejected utterances with poor vowel-to-noise ratios, then identified fricative locations, then used signal features to determine voicing boundary cycles, and finally calculated corresponding RFF values. These automated RFF values were compared to the clinical gold-standard of manual RFF calculated from simultaneously collected microphone signals in a novel test set of 639 utterances from 77 unique speakers. Results Automated accelerometer-based RFF values resulted in an average mean bias error (MBE) across all cycles of 0.027 ST, with an MBE of 0.152 ST and –0.252 ST in the offset and onset cycles closest to the fricative, respectively. Conclusion All MBE values were smaller than the expected changes in RFF values following successful voice therapy, suggesting that the current algorithms could be used for ecological momentary assessment and ambulatory monitoring via neck-surface accelerometer signals.
Methylation of RNA Cap in SARS-CoV-2 captured by serial crystallography

ABSTRACT The genome of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus contains 29 proteins, of which 15 are nonstructural. Nsp10 and Nsp16 form a complex responsible for the capping of mRNA at the 5′ terminus. In the methylation reaction the S-adenosyl-L-methionine serves as the donor of the methyl group that is transferred to Cap-0 at the first transcribed nucleotide to create Cap-1. The presence of Cap-1 makes viral RNAs mimic the host transcripts and prevents their degradation. To investigate the 2′-O methyltransferase activity of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp10/16, we applied fixed-target serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX) which allows for physiological temperature data collection from thousands of crystals, significantly reducing the x-ray dose while maintaining a biologically relevant temperature. We determined crystal structures of Nsp10/16 that revealed the states before and after the methylation reaction, for the first time illustrating coronavirus Nsp10/16 complexes with the m7GpppAm2′-O Cap-1, where 2′OH of ribose is methylated. We compare these structures with structures of Nsp10/16 at 297 K and 100 K collected from a single crystal. This data provide important mechanistic insight and can be used to design small molecules that inhibit viral RNA maturation making SARS-CoV-2 sensitive to host innate response.
Artificial Intelligence Assisted Virtual Reality Warfighter Training System

Present military forces need to prepare for increasingly varied and complex situations and maintain the readiness of their warfighters for several different scenarios. There is a constant challenge of working with limited resources people, time, and funding. Military leaders are seeking new training technologies that can meet their goals better, faster, and cheaper. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) have emerged as extremely useful technologies for developing new training tools since they allow for easy creation and maintenance of multiple scenarios and environments. Using AR/VR for training lowers the travel and living costs associated with bringing the trainees to a central training facility, while still completely immersing the trainees in the environment. Another advantage of using AR/VR compared to traditional tools is that by using AR/VR, trainees are completely immersed in the environment, which makes it much more natural for them to consume the training material. At GE Research, we are exploring technologies to incorporate Artificial Intelligence (AI) methodologies in an immersive VR based training environment for warfighters. We have developed an AI assisted VR system for ground soldier training. In this VR training environment, the soldier (Blue Team/Blue Force) is teamed up with an AI assistant that will help them navigate an urban setting and successfully reach their goal in a stealth mode while escaping the gaze of enemy soldiers (Red Team/Red Force). We have used AI enabled virtual humans for the enemy soldiers. In addition, we have created an AI enabled, VR drone simulation to assist the dismounted soldier to move undetected through the environment.
Super-resolution imaging of flat-mounted whole mouse cornea

Super-resolution microscopy revolutionized biomedical research with significantly improved imaging resolution down to the molecular scale. To date, only limited studies reported multi-color super-resolution imaging of thin tissue slices mainly because of unavailable staining protocols and incompatible imaging techniques. Here, we show the first super-resolution imaging of flat-mounted whole mouse cornea using single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We optimized immunofluorescence staining protocols for β-Tubulin, Vimentin, Peroxisome marker (PMP70), and Histone-H4 in whole mouse corneas. Using the optimized staining protocols, we imaged these four intracellular protein structures in the epithelium and endothelium layers of flat-mounted mouse corneas. We also achieved simultaneous two-color spectroscopic SMLM (sSMLM) imaging of β-Tubulin and Histone-H4 in corneal endothelial cells. The spatial localization precision of sSMLM in these studies was around 20-nm. This work sets the stage for investigating multiple intracellular alterations in corneal diseases at a nanoscopic resolution using whole corneal flat-mount beyond cell cultures.
Foundry-Processed Optomechanical Mach-Zehnder Interferometers

We demonstrate foundry-processed optomechanical Mach-Zehnder interferometers using standard process development kit components and a post-process release. Measurements show clear optical phase shifting. Pump-probe experiments demonstrate all-optical excitation and readout of mechanical resonances.
How do batrachotoxin-bearing frogs and birds avoid self intoxication?

Abderemane-Ali et al. investigated the mechanisms underlying self-resistance in poison dart frogs and poison birds.
The Triple-Wide Medicine Cabinet

Abstract GENERATION RX: HOW PRESCRIPTION DRUGS ARE ALTERING AMERICAN LIVES, MINDS, AND BODIES, by Greg Critser. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005, 259 pages, $24.95. Reviewed by Gertrude C. Carter
Boundary-corrected Born approximation for muon capture from the K shell of αμ

The first Born approximation with boundary conditions which take the asymptotic Coulomb phases into full account is used to calculate the muon charge-transfer cross sections from \ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\mu} to protons at intermediate and high collision energies. Our computed cross sections are in good agreement with the experimental data on the equivalent electronic system in the energy range 50 to 180 keV.
Prospects for the recovery of uranium from seawater

A computer program entitled URPE (Uranium Recovery Performance and Economics) has been developed to simulate the engineering performance and provide an economic analysis of a plant recovering urani...
Metabolism of Trypanothione and Glutathionylspermidine in Trypanosomatids

With few exceptions, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells contain high concentrations of the tripeptide γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine (glutathione; GSH) [1, 2]. Glutathione plays a number of important roles in cellular metabolism, including maintenance of the correct intracellular thiol redox balance, the enzymatic removal of hydrogen peroxide and the scavenging of free radicals. Glutathione has also been implicated in the control of DNA and protein synthesis and regulation of enzyme activity C3]. The intracellular ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH : GSSG) is kept high (GSSG < 1% of the total) due to the presence of the NADPH-dependent enzyme, glutathione reductase [E.C. 1.6.4.2].
The Role of Theoretical Mineral Physics in Modeling the Earth's Interior

What can theoretical mineral physics tell us about the real Earth? To answer this question in a meaningful way, it is necessary to have a common understanding of the geological background, as well as the capabilities and limitations of modern computational condensed matter physics. To the uninitiated, it is difficult to assess the relative worth of two different predictions made by reputable theoretical mineral physicists. Why are there different predictions to begin with? These are fair questions that deserve an objective answer. This paper is our attempt to write a sort of tutorial, aimed at nonmineral physicists, about what mineral physics can and cannot do. While quantum mechanics is proven to provide an extremely accurate representation of microscopic physics, and while first principles computational techniques are extremely sophisticated, their practical application to complex systems such as geological minerals requires approximations that limit their accuracy. We discuss the theoretical foundations and their practical implementations, and the concomitant uncertainties. We do this through examples that we hope will illustrate how computational errors compare with the small differences among typical seismic-velocity and density models. It is our hope that the careful reader will be left with a better appreciation not only of the limitations, but also of the power of first principles methods, and the extremely bright prospects of these methods for contributions to geology in the near future.
Circular averages and Falconer/Erdös distance conjecture in the plane for random metrics

We study a variant of the Falconer distance problem for perturbations of the Euclidean and related metrics. We prove that Mattila's criterion, expressed in terms of circular averages, which would imply the Falconer conjecture, holds on average. We also use a technique involving diophantine approximation to prove that the well-distributed case of the Erdos Distance Conjecture holds for almost every appropriate perturbation of the Euclidean metric.
Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy

Criswick and Schepens coined the name familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) in 1969. The condition appears to have various ways of expressing itself. Usually the eye demonstrates temporal dragging of the retina, producing a loss of acuity over several weeks. Many cases have sub-retinal exudates, and a fluorescein angiogram can document the extensive peripheral nonperfusion present in almost 90% of the eyes. Other retinal signs are detachments, peripheral cystoid degeneration, neovascularization, and vitreous bands. FEVR is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion with a high degree of penetrance. There are many mild forms, and an individual may have a mild form in one eye and a severe form in the fellow eye. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) should be ruled out before FEVR is considered. Often the severe form of FEVR resembles Stage V ROP. More than 80% of patients have myopia. Color vision and electrophysiological testing tends to be normal. The entire family should be examined when a child presents with a picture of FEVR. Treatment is aimed towards the specific problems, such as photocoagulation or cryopexy of neovascular lesions. Histopathology demonstrates neovascularization (retinal and iris) fibrovascular membranes and exudates.
Natural light-gated anion channels: A family of microbial rhodopsins for advanced optogenetics

Light-gated rhodopsin cation channels from chlorophyte algae have transformed neuroscience research through their use as membrane-depolarizing optogenetic tools for targeted photoactivation of neuron firing. Photosuppression of neuronal action potentials has been limited by the lack of equally efficient tools for membrane hyperpolarization. We describe anion channel rhodopsins (ACRs), a family of light-gated anion channels from cryptophyte algae that provide highly sensitive and efficient membrane hyperpolarization and neuronal silencing through light-gated chloride conduction. ACRs strictly conducted anions, completely excluding protons and larger cations, and hyperpolarized the membrane of cultured animal cells with much faster kinetics at less than one-thousandth of the light intensity required by the most efficient currently available optogenetic proteins. Natural ACRs provide optogenetic inhibition tools with unprecedented light sensitivity and temporal precision.
Determining the subcellular localization and function of cardiac TRPV2 Ca2+ channels through fluorescent microscopy (545.4)

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) is a ligand-gated ion channel that is expressed in cadiomyocytes and increases contractility following stimulation with probenecid, an agonist for T...
Dimension Reduction of Large Sparse AND-NOT Network Models

In this manuscript we propose and implement a dimension reduction algorithm of AND-NOT networks for the purpose of steady state computation. Our method of network reduction consists in using "steady state approximations" that do not change the number of steady states. The algorithm is designed to work at the wiring diagram level without the need to evaluate or simplify Boolean functions. Also, our implementation of the algorithm takes advantage of the sparsity typical of discrete models of biological systems.The main features of our reduction algorithm are that it works at the wiring diagram level and it preserves the number of steady states. Furthermore, the steady states of the original network can be recovered from the steady states of the reduced network; thus, all steady states are found. Also, heuristic analysis and simulations show that it runs in polynomial time. We used our results to study AND-NOT network models of gene networks and showed that our algorithm greatly simplifies steady state analysis. Furthermore, our algorithm can handle sparse AND-NOT networks with up to 1,000,000 nodes.
The vindication of Lamarck? Epigenetics at the intersection of law and mental health

Research on epigenetic mechanisms is gaining traction, yet is poorly understood by criminologists and behavioral scientists. The current objective is to review relevant studies of interest to behavioral scientists who study crime, and to translate admittedly challenging scientific information into text that is digestible to the average criminologist. Using systematic search procedures the authors identified and reviewed 41 studies of epigenetic mechanisms in psychiatric and behavioral phenotypes among humans. Findings revealed significant epigenetic effects in an assortment of genes that are implicated in the etiology of depression, suicidality, callous-unemotional traits, and chronic and intergenerational aggressive behavior. Several polymorphisms that mediate the HPA axis, neurotransmission, immune response, brain development, serotonin synthesis, and other processes were found. Although prescriptive knowledge based on epigenetic findings to date is premature, epigenetics is a new and exciting scientific frontier not too different in spirit from Lamarck's observations centuries ago.
Towards a Renewable Energy Decision Making Model

Abstract This paper presents the Renewable Energy Decision Making Model, and applies it to a case study of a Hydrogen Bus Fleet. The model intends to aid users who are planning small scale renewable energy projects during the decision making phase in order to identify if the entire lifecycle of the project is sustainable economically, environmentally and socially. This Renewable Energy Decision Making Model incorporates the Triple Bottom Line approach utilizing a combination of three different analyses: After Tax Analysis, Streamlined Life Cycle Analysis, and Stakeholder Analysis. The results of the model are beneficial to decision makers in that they will show the level of sustainability by indicating negative or positive impacts of a proposed renewable project. Further, it allows for alterations to the design, during the planning phase to improve the sustainability of the project.
Low sodium injury in the hippocampal slice is mediated through NMDA receptors.

Abstract Perfusion of hippocampal slices with normoxic medium containing no added sodium resulted in a rapid loss of the CA1 population spike, with only 35 ± 10% (S.E.M.)(P N- methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) antagonist MK-801 (93 ± 4% recovery, P
Alliance and dropout in family therapy for adolescents with behavior problems: individual and systemic effects.

This study examined the relationship between alliance and retention in family therapy. Alliance was examined at the individual (parent and adolescent) and family levels (within-family differences). Participants were 34 families who received functional family therapy for the treatment of adolescent (aged 12-18 years) behavior problems. Families were classified as treatment dropouts (n=14) or completers (n=20). Videotapes of the first sessions were rated to identify parent and adolescent alliances with the therapist. Results demonstrated that individual parent and adolescent alliances did not predict retention. However, as hypothesized, dropout cases had significantly higher unbalanced alliances (parent minus adolescent) than did completer cases. These findings highlight the importance of alliances in functional family therapy and suggest that how the alliance operates in conjoint family therapy may be a function of systemic rather than of individual processes.
Corning creates an inclusive culture to drive technology innovation and performance

Corning's technology community, charged with doubling the rate at which technology breakthroughs are transformed into major businesses, has undertaken a bold experiment in social innovation to strengthen the interactional aspects of the innovation process. The initiative, creating an inclusive culture (CiC™), leverages emotional maturity and personal transformation into enhanced organizational capabilities and competitive advantage. Built on a broader model of diversity/inclusion and the CiC™ learning model, the process equips individuals with the language, concepts, skills, and behaviors of inclusion. Next steps include building inclusivity concepts and tools into Corning's reinvigorated innovation process, with a focus on teams and work processes. © 2007 by Anthony Oshiotse and Corning Incorporated.
Note on magnetic hysteresis in HTSC

Abstract We give a new microscopic theory which explains the hysteresis loop and the line of irreversible magnetization in a HTSC. We use the magnetic moment from orbital spin of a Cooperon and a flip of this spin to accurately explain the measured hysteresis loop.
Electrical properties of osteoblasts cultured on carbon nanotubes

A major goal in bone bioengineering is to produce artificial nanostructures with the capacity to increment or replace bone tissues. The purpose of this study is to further explore the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as an adequate scaffold material for osteoblast proliferation and bone matrix formation. Ion channel activities were studied as an indirect measure of the ability of osteoblasts to carry out secretory functions. Chloride and calcium channels were measured in rat osteosarcoma 17/2.8 cells cultured on single-walled (SW) and multi-walled (MW) NTs. Osteoblasts grown on non-functionalised as prepared (AP-) and carboxyl (COOH)-modified SWNTs developed outwardly rectifying, non-inactivating voltage-gated Cl− currents that increased by 3-fold over 10 min because of mechanical stimulation. In addition, osteoblasts expressed inward Ba2+ currents through high voltage-activated L-type Ca2+ channels sensitive to the specific modulators, Bay K 8644 and nifedipine. In all cases, it was verified that COOH functionalisation of SW and MWNTs did not affect osteoblast ion channel activities. It is concluded that osteoblasts grown on AP- and COOH-modified SW and MWNTs retain electrical properties necessary for secretory activities involved in bone formation. These results confirm the suitability of NTs as a potential scaffold material in bone bioengineering.
Radiation effects in polyvinyl acetate

Abstract The radiation behaviour of polyvinyl acetate was investigated. A specially prepared polyvinyl acetate (pure, high molecular weight, essentially linear) was subjected to high energy gamma radiation. After 10 Mrad (the gelation dose) an insoluble network was formed and the soluble fraction decreased with increasing dose. The variation of molecular weight up to the gel point was followed by osmometry and viscosity measurements. After gelation, the course of the reaction was studied by analysis of soluble fractions, and swelling behaviour in acetone and methyl ethyl ketone. A new apparatus for making equilibrium vapour sorption measurements is described and analysed theoretically. Application of current radiation theory fairly well describes experimental results. The polymer undergoes simultaneous crosslinking and chain scission. The ratio of scission to crosslinking is 0.04 1.0 . The G value for crosslinking is 0.1 crosslinks 100 eV , as determined by molecular weight, and soluble fraction data. The G value as determined from swelling measurements is somewhat higher. Acetic acid is evolved, the amount is proportional to the total dose. This relation is given by the equation: Percentaceticacid=1.36×10−10(r)0.7
Creep crack growth in joints of a thermoplastic

An investigation of creep crack growth in butt heat fusion joints in a high density polyethylene (HDPE) is performed to quantify their life expectancy. Three point bend specimens containing a centrally located notched joint are used in creep crack growth tests at ambient and elevated temperatures. A quasi-nonlinear viscoelastic fracture mechanics model is used to deduce the crack growth histories from the measured load-point displacement histories. The initiation time for crack growth and the rate of crack growth are correlated with the stress intensity factor for combinations of initial crack lengths, applied loads and test temperatures. The elevated temperature data are shifted bidirectionally, utilizing shift functions derived from stress relaxation tests, to develop master curves for the initiation time and rate of crack growth. These master curves are used to predict the life of a girth joint containing an initial circumferential surface crack extending through 10 percent of the thickness of a pressurized pipe.
Combining linear and quadratic discriminants.

Abstract A method for combining the linear and quadratic discriminant functions is described and discussed. The method uses Box's test to form coalitions of populations which have equal covariance matrices and is particularly suited for use on a computer. A comparison between the performance of this method with those for the linear and quadratic discriminants reveals that the coalitions procedure is particularly useful in situations where the covariances are not known a priori to be equal.
Polymeric Schiff Bases. II. The Synthesis of Azomethines by a Continuous Azeotropic Method

Abstract Various azomethine monomers, including some new Schiff bases, azines, and ketanils have been prepared in high yields by a simple, continuous azeotropic method.
Event detection method for the PMUs synchrophasor data

The objective of the paper is to present an innovative method for event detection. The data is collected using a PMU network installed to provide wide-area monitoring and analysis of Texas' bulk power system. Grid events are detected using a combination of simple statstical algorithms, singular point detection with residual modeling, short time Fourier transform and linear regression. The performance of the proposed method is shown through the results of analysis on two types of actual events.
Unmasking Identity: Speaker Profiling for Forensic Linguistic Purposes

When an anonymous speech sample is associated with a criminal matter, for example in the case of a phoned-in bomb threat or ransom demand, forensic linguistic profiling may be used to infer attributes of the speaker from his or her linguistic characteristics. In this review, we present research and case examples outlining what types of speaker characteristics are discoverable via speaker profiling by expert linguists, for example, gender, age, and region of socialization. We also consider different methods in speaker profiling, including aural-perceptual, acoustic phonetic, and automated, and briefly discuss expert versus nonexpert speaker profiling, as well as the proper role of linguistic profilers versus law enforcement and legal professionals, government agencies, and others with whom forensic linguists work. Finally, we address the problem of voice and dialect disguise, including what types of disguises criminals may effect and what methods can be used to unmask them, including human and automated. We illustrate our points by alluding, throughout the review, to various elements of a case in which we recently served as expert linguistic profilers.
Fourier transform technique with frequency filtering for optical thin-film design

A Fourier analysis of existing and potentially complex refractive index profiles is often useful in the resolution of thin-film design problems. Applications of a frequency-filtering technique, which consists of the suppression of undesired spatial frequencies from the refractive index profiles, are described. A new, extremely simple antireflection coating synthesis method based on this concept is proposed.
A Snapshot Of The Calculus Classroom

ABSTRACT Essentially a focus group to discuss textbook related issues, a meeting of calculus instructors from a wide variety of environments was convened and sponsored by McGraw Hill to provide feedback on the current state of the calculus classroom. This paper provides a description of the group's discussions.
Influence of particle size and antigen binding on effectiveness of aluminum salt adjuvants in a model lysozyme vaccine

It has been suggested that agglomeration of aluminum salt adjuvant particles during freezing and drying can cause loss of immunogenicity of vaccines formulated with such adjuvants. In this study, we tested this hypothesis and examined the immune response in a murine model to various liquid, freeze-thawed, and lyophilized vaccine formulations, using lysozyme as a model antigen. The various processing techniques and excipient levels resulted in a wide range of particle size distributions (PSDs) and antigen-adjuvant binding levels. Anti-lysozyme titers were independent of the PSD for vaccines adjuvanted with either aluminum hydroxide or aluminum phosphate and also were unaffected by the level of antigen binding to the adjuvant.
Mechanism of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP)-induced increase in Ca2+ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in functionally skinned myocardial fibers

The increased rate of Ca2+ uptake and ATPase activity in isolated cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) has been shown to be activated by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP kinase). Functionally skinned myocardial fiber preparations were used to study the mechanisms of cAMP action on the SR at the same time that tension was monitored. cAMP effects were studied on Ca2+-activated tension of the contractile proteins, and on Ca2+ uptake and release from the SR using caffeine-induced tension transients. Neither cyclic AMP (0.1–5 μM) nor the catalytic subunit of cAMP kinase (0.1–1 μM) (PK-C) significantly changed either the maximal or the submaximal Ca2+-activated tension. The areas of the tension transients were unchanged when cAMP was present in the releasing solution (release phase), and were significantly increased up to a mean of about 80% when cAMP or PK-C was present in the Ca2+ loading solutions (uptake phase). The increased tension transient was blocked by the heat-stable inhibitor of cAMP kinase. We conclude that cAMP-induced increases in Ca2+ uptake by the SR could play an important role in the positive inotropic effect. cAMP kinase could thus play a crucial role in the regulation of myocardial contractility.
Synthesis of the Tubuvaline-Tubuphenylalanine (Tuv-Tup) Fragment of Tubulysin

(Chemical Equation Presented) Advanced intermediates and analogues of tubulysins were prepared in a convergent strategy.
Characterization of timed changes in hepatic copper concentrations, Methionine metabolism, gene expression, and global DNA Methylation in the Jackson toxic milk mouse model of Wilson disease

Background: Wilson disease (WD) is characterized by hepatic copper accumulation with progressive liver damage to cirrhosis. This study aimed to characterize the toxic milk mouse from The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA) (tx-j) mouse model of WD according to changes over time in hepatic copper concentrations, methionine metabolism, global DNA methylation, and gene expression from gestational day 17 (fetal) to adulthood (28 weeks). Methods: Included liver histology and relevant biochemical analyses including hepatic copper quantification, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) liver levels, qPCR for transcript levels of genes relevant to methionine metabolism and liver damage, and DNA dot blot for global DNA methylation. Results: Hepatic copper was lower in tx-j fetuses but higher in weanling (three weeks) and adult tx-j mice compared to controls. S-adenosylhomocysteinase transcript levels were significantly lower at all time points, except at three weeks, correlating negatively with copper levels and with consequent changes in the SAM:SAH methylation ratio and global DNA methylation. Conclusion: Compared to controls, methionine metabolism including S-adenosylhomocysteinase gene expression is persistently different in the tx-j mice with consequent alterations in global DNA methylation in more advanced stages of liver disease. The inhibitory effect of copper accumulation on S-adenosylhomocysteinase expression is associated with progressively abnormal methionine metabolism and decreased methylation capacity and DNA global methylation.
Optical Constants of Aluminium

The optical constants of aluminium from the near ultra-violet (2500A) to the near infra-red (5μ) can be described, at least qualitatively, in terms of the Drude formula by the two parameters N and τ, the density of free electrons and the relaxation time, respectively. The value for N is taken to correspond to 2.4 free electrons per atom and the value for τ is taken to be 1.2×10-15 second.
The Reliability and Concurrent Validity of the Spanish Translation of the Behavior Problem Checklist

The reliability and concurrent validity of the Spanish translation of the Behavior Problem Checklist were studied. Subscale means and SD's, alpha reliabilities, and intercorrelations were obtained ...
Quantitative HPLC Determination of the Antioxidant Activity of Capsaicin on the Formation of Lipid Hydroperoxides of Linoleic Acid: A Comparative Study against BHT and Melatonin

The antioxidant activity of capsaicin, as compared to BHT and melatonin, was determined by the direct measurement of lipid hydroperoxides formed upon linoleic acid autoxidation initiated by AIBN. The formation of four isomeric lipid hydroperoxides was detected after reverse-phase HPLC separation. Data from three detectors, UV absorption, glassy carbon electrode electrochemical detection, and postcolumn chemiluminescence using luminol, were compared. Capsaicin was more effective than melatonin in suppressing the formation of lipid hydroperoxides but not as effective as BHT. The formation of capsaicin and BHT dimers was observed during oxidation, and the dimers were characterized using APCI MS n .
Latino Population Growth, Characteristics and Language Capacities: Implications for Society, Services and Social Justice

SUMMARY This paper identifies a number of social demographic issues in the Latino population, including the growth and regional distribution of this population, settlement patterns, and issues related to language capabilities. The implications of these demographic issues for society, services, and social justice are discussed.
An error rate analysis of experimental data testing Nash refinements

Abstract Error rate analysis applied to experimental data testing choice theories proves useful because it uses the entire distribution of observations — over predicted and unpredicted outcomes — to test theories. In this paper we apply error rate analysis to experimental data testing Nash refinements. Evaluating theories using the proportion of consistent responses ignores systematic variation over inconsistent outcomes; a scale of inconsistency is necessary to evaluate refinements as some inconsistent observations are more supportive of a refinement than others. Previous conclusions about the accuracy of refinements reached using the proportion of consistent responses are reversed by the error rate analysis.
Environmental and Occupational Pesticide Exposure and Human Sperm Parameters: A Systematic Review

Of continuing concern are the associations between environmental or occupational exposures to pesticides and semen quality parameters. Prior research has indicated that there may be associations between exposure to pesticides of a variety of classes and decreased sperm health. The intent of this review was to summarize the most recent evidence related to pesticide exposures and commonly used semen quality parameters, including concentration, motility and morphology. The recent literature was searched for studies published between January 2007 and August 2012 that focused on environmental or occupational pesticide exposures. Included in the review are 17 studies, 15 of which reported significant associations between exposure to pesticides and semen quality indicators. Two studies also investigated the roles genetic polymorphisms may play in the strength or directions of these associations. Specific pesticides targeted for study included dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and abamectin. Pyrethroids and organophosphates were analyzed as classes of pesticides rather than as individual compounds, primarily due to the limitations of exposure assessment techniques. Overall, a majority of the studies reported significant associations between pesticide exposure and sperm parameters. A decrease in sperm concentration was the most commonly reported finding among all of the pesticide classes investigated. Decreased motility was also associated with exposures to each of the pesticide classes, although these findings were less frequent across studies. An association between pesticide exposure and sperm morphology was less clear, with only two studies reporting an association. The evidence presented in this review continues to support the hypothesis that exposures to pesticides at environmentally or occupationally relevant levels may be associated with decreased sperm health. Future work in this area should focus on associations between specific pesticides or metabolic products and sperm quality parameters. Analysis of effects of varying genetic characteristics, especially in genes related to pesticide metabolism, also needs further attention.
Transcription through nucleosomes

Transcriptionally active genes in eukaryotes still retain most of the Chromatin packaging that is characteristic of eukaryotic DNA. Nucleosomes and even some higher order structure are present, although the histones may be chemically modified, for example by acetylation or phosphorylation, as part of the activation process. The presence of nucleosomes on the coding region of active genes raises the question: How does an RNA polymerase transcribe such a template? We have attempted to answer this question with relatively simple model systems involving a template carrying a single positioned nucleosome. We have shown that when a phage polymerase, SP6, transcribes such a template, the histone octamer of the nucleosome is not released into solution. Instead it is retained on the same DNA molecule, but displaced from its original binding site. Further studies have allowed us to propose a detailed model, which appears to hold not only for SP6 but also for transcription by the much larger RNA polymerase III from yeast. Our most recent results, obtained by electron cryomicroscopy, confirm and refine this model.
One-Year Outcomes of a Randomized Trial of Case Management with Seriously Mentally Ill Clients Leaving Jail

It was hypothesized that clients receiving case management services will improve to a moderate extent in terms of a variety of psychosocial and clinical outcomes compared with clients served by the usual system of care. It was further hypothesized that clients served by an Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) team will have significantly greater improvement than clients served by forensic case managers working individually. Two hundred seriously mentally ill inmates leaving jail were assigned to three conditions, and 94 remained in the study at 1 year. One-year outcomes were analyzed by service condition, using a hierarchical block discriminant function analysis. Contrary to the hypothesis, more clients in the experimental condition returned to jail within a year. No differences were found among the three conditions in social or clinical outcomes. Greater jail recidivism among clients receiving the more intensive service raises questions concerning tendencies to emphasize monitoring with this population.
Evidence Suggesting the 58-kDa Acetaminophen Binding Protein Is a Preferential Target for Acetaminophen Electrophile

Acetaminophen is an analgesic and antipyretic which causes liver toxicity in humans and experimental animals with overdose. Acetaminophen (APAP) covalent binding to a cytosolic protein of approximately 58 kDa (58-ABP) has been associated with target organ toxicity. Since hepatic content of 58-ABP varies, studies were conducted to determine if this influences APAP binding to other target proteins. In the liver, the amount of 58-ABP varied with individual male CD-1 mice, but in kidneys of the same mice there was no such variability in 58-ABP content. All male A/J mice tested had comparatively little detectable 58-ABP in liver cytosol. Similarly, female CD-1 mice had low 58-ABP content compared to males; however, administration of testosterone propionate to females significantly increased 58-ABP content in liver cytosol. At 4 hr after challenge of mice from the above-described groups with 600 mg APAP/kg, cytosolic covalent binding to proteins was determined by Western blot analysis with anti-APAP antibody. The Western blots were then stripped of antibody and blocking agents and reprobed with antibody prepared against purified 58-ABP (anti-58-ABP). In the liver, the level of APAP bound to the 58-ABP target corresponded with 58-ABP content. In cases where 58-ABP was poorly expressed, APAP adducts to other protein targets were more prominently detected. In the kidneys of the male CD-1 mice 58-ABP arylation by APAP varied little among animals, reflecting the relatively consistent levels of renal 58-ABP. These data suggest that binding to the 58-ABP may spare other potential targets of APAP electrophile attach and support a role of the 58-ABP as a preferred target of APAP electrophile in cytosol.
Highlights of the 2012 Research Workshop: Using Nutrigenomics and Metabolomics in Clinical Nutrition Research

The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Research Workshop, "Using Nutrigenomics and Metabolomics in Clinical Nutrition Research," was held on January 21, 2012, in Orlando, Florida. The conference brought together experts in human nutrition who use nutrigenomic and metabolomic methods to better understand metabolic individuality and nutrition effects on health. We are beginning to understand how genetic variation and epigenetic events alter requirements for and responses to foods in our diet (the field of nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics and epigenetics). At the same time, methods for profiling almost all of the products of metabolism in plasma, urine, and tissues (metabolomics) are being refined. The relationships between diet and nutrigenomic-metabolomic profiles, as well as between these profiles and health, are being elucidated, and this will dramatically alter clinical practice in nutrition.
Extending Mathematical Aggregation Strategies to Multiparameter Group Decisions

Two techniques employing simple statistical procedures are suggested for improving the performance of groups who make complex (i.e., multidimensional) judgments that require the coordinated efforts of multiple group members. These techniques are tested using data from a computerized management simulation exercise that solicits multiple-parameter business strategy decisions. The quality of strategy decisions made by a number of student groups is compared with the quality of similar decisions derived using the statistical procedures. Results show evidence that the statistical aggregation procedures, which previously have been shown to improve individual decisions in some circumstances, might also be used to aid some types of multiparameter group decisions.
Destruction of immunobiologicals and their disposal

The guidelines of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) state that the municipal authorities are responsible for the vaccination of the population. The present study examined the types of immunobiologicals, amounts and reasons for their destruction and disposal by the Municipal Health Secretariat in the city of Bauru, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. This study comprises a descriptive, exploratory and retrospective work that employed search of bibliographic data, collection of secondary data from forms of immunobiologicals disposal and interview of the agent responsible for the disposal of these products in the municipality. It was observed that the total numbers of unused vaccines in 2008 and 2009 were similar (4523 and 4395, respectively), being the most discarded: the diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine in 2008 and DTP, BCG and influenza in 2009. It was found that the amount of discarded vaccines could be reduced since the reasons for that were predictable. Moreover, the current study emphasized that although there is a municipal regulation for the disposal of immunobiologicals, the city still requires a better structure to handle such problem.
Effect of nitroprusside on regional cerebral cyclic GMP, blood flow and O2 consumption in rat.

This investigation was conducted to test whether topical nitroprusside (NP), a cytosolic guanylate cyclase activator, would increase the level of cyclic GMP and alter O2 consumption or blood flow in the cerebral cortex of rats. Male Long-Evans rats were used in a control (n = 9), low dose NP (n = 13, 10(-3) M) or high dose NP (n = 12, 10(-2) M) group. Nitroprusside or saline was topically applied to the right side of the cerebral cortex and the left side was used as a control. The cyclic GMP level was determined in five rats in each group using a radioimmunoassay. In the other rats in each group, regional cerebral blood flow was measured by [14C]iodoantipyrine and regional arterial and venous O2 saturations were determined microspectrophotometrically. Nitroprusside significantly increased the cyclic GMP level from 21.4 +/- 12.0 pmol/g (contralateral cortex) to 52.2 +/- 36.7 pmol/g (NP treated cortex) in low dose nitroprusside group and from 19.9 +/- 22.6 pmol/g (contralateral cortex) to 58.5 +/- 15.1 pmol/g (NP treated cortex) in high dose nitroprusside group. High dose nitroprusside significantly increased cerebral blood flow from 80 +/- 11 ml.min-1.100 g (contralateral cortex) to 114 +/- 11 ml.min-1.100 g (NP treated cortex). However, there was no significant difference in O2 extraction and O2 consumption between the NP treated cortex and contralateral cortex in either the low or the high dose NP groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)