cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Household Social Reproduction and the Canonical Communication of Habitus

In the first chapter I discussed several analytical studies that showed how house form communicates cosmological principles, what I refer to as canonical communication. Within my community and house data there is a surprising deficiency of detailed information relating to this aspect of house form and use; none of my sources contains as rich a description of domestic symbolism as is found in, for example, Blier (1987), Bourdieu (1973), Cunningham (1973), or Gossen (1972), in which houses are shown to constitute a link between broad cosmological principles on the one hand, and gender, generational, and rank differences on the other. But the comparative lack of information in the coded sources cannot be taken to mean that canonical communication was of no importance in at least some of my coded cases. Although the data are poor, they are sufficient to demonstrate a considerable degree of variation in the richness and quantity of canonical communication in the houses in my sample, what Waterson (1990: xvi) refers to as “symbolic load.”
Ash and burn control in ITER-type tokamak

Ash control in the long-pulse tokamaks such as the ITER is addressed from the point of view of sawtooth pumping and fishbone excitation. An analytic model for predicting the influence of sawtooth and edge pumping on the helium contamination has been developed. One of its uses is to compute the ash density level for a given fusion power versus helium pumping fraction. The change of ash concentration due to sawtooth disruptions is also evaluated. The results show that the helium contamination can be changed drastically if pumping is strong enough. The results also show that adding sawteeth to help remove the ash from the center of the plasma becomes useful when the temperature profiles are parabolic or flatter. The controlled excitation of fishbone oscillations can directly help to control the ash accumulation by ejecting the alphas as they slow down to low energies. Estimates of the fishbone instability threshold rule out low frequency fishbones. >
GaAs wafer breakage: Causes and cures, growth and process

The impact of GaAs wafer breakage on processing facilities is discussed. Wafer strength and equipment assessment are detailed. The authors describe many of the improvements that have resulted in the virtual elimination of wafer breakage due to unassignable causes. When proper material and process control techniques are used, GaAs wafer breakage should not occur. >
Towards a formal semantics for interjective ‘what’

Discourse particles and interjectives allow a speaker to signal how information presented in an utterance relates to her epistemic or emotive state. I present a semantics for one such interjective: the English particle what , providing evidence that it carries multiple discourse functions, and proposing that these distinct uses are best captured by their relation to the central discourse topic.
Art, Education, and Witness; Or, How to Make Our Ideals Clear

I In a letter to his brother written in 1834, the great Ralph Waldo Emerson writes, “The soul...never reasons, never proves, it simply perceives; it is vision.” As with so much else in Emerson’s work, and the work of most writers of consequence, this line says as much about its author as about its subject, revealing as it does the sage of Concord’s commitment to ocular metaphors, and his peculiar orientation to the work of reason. The idea of the perceiving soul is useful here, though, because, like so much else in Emerson’s work, it also provides an opening for us, his readers and interlocutors, to reflect on issues of contemporary import.
Analysis on compact groups

In this chapter, we take up a number of special topics in harmonic analysis on compact groups. Section 34 deals with the algebra of absolutely convergent Fourier series, an entity about which a good deal although far from everything is known. Sections 35 and 36 are a detailed treatment of multipliers for various classes of Fourier transforms on compact groups; some facts about locally compact Abelian groups are obtained as well. In § 37, we study lacunary Fourier transforms, again on compact groups, and in § 38, ideal theory for certain convolution algebras of functions on compact groups.
Planar periodic structures for microwave and millimeter wave circuit applications

Periodic structures, some of which are known as photonic band-gap (PBG) crystals, offer new dimensions of freedom in controlling the behavior of electromagnetic waves in modern microwave and millimeter wave circuits and antennas. This paper summarizes several novel structures developed recently at the authors' group, as well as some of their applications. The structures described include: (1) Dielectric-based PBG microstrip lines; (2) PBG ground plane for microstrip lines; (3) PBG-based high-Q image guide resonator; (4) Compact 2D PBG lattice for surface wave suppression in microstrip patch antennas; and (5) Uniplanar compact PBG (UC-PBG) structure and its unique characteristics such as slow-wave effect, wide stopband, leakage suppression as well as perfect magnetic surface impedance.
Is the Normal Heartbeat Chaotic or Homeostatic

Limits to the usefulness of homeostasis as a guiding physiological principle are revealed by new mechanisms derived from study of nonlinear systems that generate a type of variability called chaos. Loss of complex physiological variability may occur in certain pathological conditions including heart rate dynamics before sudden death and with aging.
Solution structure of the major binding protein for the immunosuppressant FK506.

THE major FK506 binding protein (FKBP, relative molecular mass ∼11,800; Mr 11.8K) and cyclophilin (Mr∼ 17K) belong to a class of proteins termed immunophilins1. Although unrelated at the amino-acid sequence level, they both possess peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activities which are inhibited by immuno-suppressants that block signal transduction pathways leading to T-lymphocyte activation. FK506 and rapamycin strongly inhibit the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity of FKBP, whereas cyclosporin A inhibits that of cyclophilin2–12. The significance of this enzyme activity and the role of the immunophilins in immunoregulation is unknown1,13. To understand better the func-tion of the immunophilins and their interaction with inhibitors, we are investigating the solution structures of FKBP and FKBP-inhibitor complexes by multidimensional NMR methods. Here we report the solution conformation of FKBP, as generated by NMR, distance geometry and molecular dynamics methods. The regular secondary structure of FKBP is composed mainly of β sheet (∼35%) with little helical structure (<10%). The hydrophobic core of the molecule, containing the buried side chains of six of the protein s nine aromatic amino acids, is enclosed by a five-stranded antiparallel β sheet on one side, a loop and a short helix at residues 51–56 and 57–65, and an aperiodic loop at residues 81–95. Examination of the structure suggests a possible site of interaction with FK506.
Computational approaches to cognition: the bottom-up view

How can higher level aspects of cognition, such as figure-ground segregation, object recognition, selective focal attention and ultimately even awareness, be implemented at the level of synapses and neurons? A number of theoretical studies emerging out of the connectionist and the computational neuroscience communities are starting to address these issues using neural plausible models.
Single‐scattering properties of aggregates of plates

During the 2006 Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) sponsored by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement programme, the Scaled Composites Proteus aircraft executed spiral profiles and flew horizontal legs through aging anvils, fresh anvils, and cirrus of unknown origin in the vicinity of Darwin, Australia. Pristine ice crystals including both plates and bullet rosettes, their aggregates, and unclassifiable ice crystals were observed by a Cloud Particle Imager. The widths of observed plates ranged between 80 µm and 200 µm. When a fresh dissipating anvil was observed on 2 February, aggregates of plates contributed 46.2% of the total area of measured ice crystals with maximum dimensions greater than 200 µm, while it was only 7.2% and 1.0% for 27 and 29 January, respectively, when aged cirrus was sampled. Because aggregates of plates have been observed to make large contributions to projected ice crystal area near convection during TWP-ICE and other projects, their single-scattering properties that have not been previously examined are investigated here. The dependence of the scattering phase function P11, asymmetry parameter g, and single-scattering albedo ω0 on three parameters (the area ratio AR, normalized projected area An, and a newly defined aggregation index AI which varies between 0 and 1 with ice crystals with more compact shape having lower AI ) defining the three-dimensional shapes of aggregates of plates were calculated using a geometric ray-tracing code at wavelengths λ of 0.55, 1.38 and 2.13 µm. The scattering properties depended on the crystal morphology with, for example, the g of an aggregate of plates with a high AI of 0.818 differing by +6.89% (+6.44%; +4.55%) from that with a lower AI of 0.378 at λ of 0.55 µ m( 1.38 µm; 2.13 µm), but by only +0.29% (+0.25%; −0.03%) from those of the component plates. The ω0 at absorbing λ increased with AI ,1 − AR ,a ndAn. Adding ray distortion to the aggregates caused a decrease in forward scattering and an increase in lateral and backward scattering, decreasing g, an effect that weakened with λ due to absorption. The aggregates of plates with low AI were more influenced by ray distortion compared to those with high AI. The dependence of scattering properties on crystal morphology noted here should be considered when computing bulk scattering properties of ice clouds to determine its importance for climate and remote-sensing studies. Copyright c � 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Occupational Intoxication and Long-Term Persistence of Phencyclidine (PCP) in Law Enforcement Personnel

By utilizing a glass capillary gas chromatographic nitrogen detector (GC2-N) method specific for phencyclidine (PCP) and sensitive to pg/mL in blood or urine samples, we have demonstrated occupational intoxication of law enforcement personnel charged with handling confiscated illegal PCP preparations. Further, we have demonstrated persistence of PCP in blood and urine for at least 6 months after the last known occupational exposure in one officer. Some aspects of the PCP problem are outlined, and possible mechanisms of the occupational intoxication are discussed.
Identification of a translocation intermediate occupying functional protein import sites in the chloroplastic envelope membrane

We used complexes of avidin and biotinylated precursors to generate translocation intermediates that occupy functional transport sites and thereby block the transport of other precursor proteins into pea chloroplasts. Cysteine residues of purified precursor to the small subunit of rubisco (prSS) were modified with the biotinylation reagent biotin-1-biotinamido-4-[-4ʹ-(maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-carboxamido]butane. Chemically biotinylated prSS was readily imported into chloroplasts. The addition of avidin, however, resulted in the formation of an avidin-biotinylated precursor complex that could not be imported into chloroplasts even when precursors had already engaged the transport apparatus before avidin was added. On fractionation, the avidin-biotinylated precursor complex associated with envelope membranes. Titration of transport sites with avidin-biotinylated precursor complexes revealed that saturation was reached at 2,000 molecules/chloroplast. Even with less than saturating levels of complexes, a sufficient number of translocation sites could be occupied with avidin-precursor complexes so that the import rate of freshly added radiolabeled prSS was reduced by 35%. From these observations we conclude that the trapped intermediates were blocking functional translocation sites. These biotinylated translocation intermediates should be useful in future efforts to purify and characterize the chloroplastic protein import machinery.
ON CROSS REACTIONS OF IMMUNE SERA TO AZOPROTEINS : II. ANTIGENS WITH AZOCOMPONENTS CONTAINING TWO DETERMINANT GROUPS

Azoproteins have been prepared with azocomponents possessing two serologically active groups. On immunization with such antigens immune sera were obtained containing two separate, unrelated antibodies, each specific for one of the two groups and separable by absorption. In other cases one of the two structures was dominant, in that antibodies were formed only towards this and not towards the other grouping. The specificity of the antibodies was in general found to be influenced to some extent by the presence of a second group in the antigen. The relevancy of these observations for antibodies directed against natural antigens has been noted.
"We're the heroes!": fathers' perspectives on their role in protecting their preteenage children from sexual risk.

CONTEXT: Parents can be an important influence on their children's sexual behavior. However, relatively little research has focused on fathers’ roles in protecting children from sexual risk or on their discussions with children about sex. METHODS: Sixteen focus groups comprising 131 parents of children aged 10–12 were conducted in three U.S. cities in 2007. Separate groups were held for mothers and fathers, and for white, black, English-speaking Hispanic and Spanish-speaking Hispanic participants. Content analysis was used to identify core themes and patterns related to fathers’ communications with their children about sex. RESULTS: Fathers were highly invested in ensuring that their children are safe and successful in life. Although some had not talked to their children about sex, others had discussed it frequently and openly, and nearly all agreed that fathers’ perspectives are important for children to hear. Fathers reported being better suited to discussing some topics (e.g., male puberty, how young men think) than others (menstruation). Fathers also described other strategies that they use to guide their children's development, such as emphasizing future goals and monitoring children's activities and friends. Many fathers, especially Hispanic participants, reported being more protective of daughters than of sons, and some had particular difficulty talking with their daughters about sex. CONCLUSIONS: Research and interventions concerning parent-child communication about sex should not neglect the role of fathers. However, some fathers may need support to overcome barriers to effective communication, especially with their daughters.
Click chemistry in materials synthesis. II. Acid‐swellable crosslinked polymers made by copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition

A highly crosslinked hyperbranched polymer that rapidly swells and shrinks in a halogenated solvent in response to the addition of an acid or base has been prepared by Cu(I) catalysis of the reaction between a diazide and an amine-containing trialkyne. The triazole linkages in the polymer are highly stable and may also play a role in the swelling behavior. The swelling–deswelling process is reversible. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5513–5518, 2006
Transient Gene Expression of Antisense RNA and Coat Protein-Encoding Sequences Reduced Accumulation of Cherry Leafroll Virus in Tobacco Protoplasts

Abstract Cherry leafroll nepovirus (CLRV) is the causative agent of blackline disease, which results in a fatal necrosis of the graft union of English walnut scion on certain rootstocks. Tobacco suspension cell protoplasts were electroporated with plasmid constructions, bearing or not bearing RNA-derived sequences, and, subsequently, were electroporated with CLRV virions or virion RNA. Replication of CLRV in protoplasts was demonstrated by accumulation of both positive- and negative-sense CLRV genomic RNAs 1 and 2, capsid antigen, and virions. Three plasmids were tested for antiviral action. These have inserts that were derived from the coat protein gene, inserted in both orientations, and from the 3′ terminal sequence that is nearly identical in RNA 1 and RNA 2, oriented for expression of antisense RNA. Plasmids were introduced into protoplasts 12 hr prior to introducing the virions or virion RNA. CLRV accumulation was reduced significantly by prior electropotation of plasmids intended to express coat protein or 3′ antisense RNA, but not by electropotation of plasmid without insert or plasmid with coat protein encoding sequences in the antisense orientation. These results demonstrate the utility of transient expression in a protoplast system for comparing the efficacy of a variety of virus-derived and other sequences for their potential application in virus control strategies.
The Four-and-a-half LIM Domain Protein 2 Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Phenotype and Vascular Tone

In response to vascular injury, differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) undergo a unique process known as “phenotype modulation,” transitioning from a quiescent, “contractile” phenotype to a proliferative, “synthetic” state. We have demonstrated previously that the signaling pathway of bone morphogenetic proteins, members of the transforming growth factor β family, play a role in the induction and maintenance of a contractile phenotype in human primary pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. In this study, we show that a four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) inhibits transcriptional activation of vSMC-specific genes mediated by the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway through the CArG box-binding proteins, such as serum response factor and members of the myocardin (Myocd) family. Interestingly, FHL2 does not affect recruitment of serum response factor or Myocd, however, it inhibits recruitment of a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, Brg1, and RNA polymerase II, which are essential for the transcriptional activation. This is a novel mechanism of regulation of SMC-specific contractile genes by FHL2. Finally, aortic rings from homozygous FHL2-null mice display abnormalities in both endothelial-dependent and -independent relaxation, suggesting that FHL2 is essential for the regulation of vasomotor tone.
Le père, le fils et la mère Russie : un portrait psycho-social de l'intelligentsia Russe dans le roman d'Andreï Bitov : La Maison Pouchkine

Resume Le roman d'Andrei Bitov, « La Maison Pouchkine », qui figure parmi les romans russes les plus importants du XXe siecle, nous offre un portrait psychosocial de l'Intelligentsia Russe sous le regime communiste totalitaire. Celui-ci s'attaque a l'Intelligentsia non seulement par l'extermination mais aussi en etouffant tout esprit critique. Bitov depeint une societe ou les relations d'un sujet a l'histoire de son pays, a la tradition litteraire et meme a ce qui lui a ete transmis dans sa propre famille sont massivement fausses. La memoire et le langage perdent leur sens sous la pression des dernieres prescriptions gouvernementales. La continuite avec le passe est rompue. Ne pouvant plus se nourrir de son passe, la societe cesse d'evoluer et son developpement est dans l'impasse. « L'homme nouveau » que le programme promeut se reduit a une identite diffuse, a une labilite emotionnelle et a une dependance extreme vis-a-vis d'autrui. Le heros de « La Maison Pouchkine », presente comme un cas clinique approfondi, reflete l'immaturite de la societe parrainee etroitement par le regime politique en place. Par ironie, on observe que c'est quand le protagoniste devient capable de se regarder d'un œil critique et d'essayer d'assumer la responsabilite de ses actes que son insertion dans cette societe est menacee.
Non-structural protein NS4B: HCV replication web inducer

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome consists of a positive strand RNA encoding a polyprotein, having 3 structural and 6 non-structural components including non structural protein 4B (NS4B). NS4B is a 27 KDa protein, of 261 amino acids, released after polyprotein cleavage by NS3 serine protease and localized on endoplasmic reticulum (ER). NS4B has 2 alpha helices each in its N and C terminal domains and 4 transmembrane domains in its central region. N-terminal domain resides in the ER-lumen while C-terminal domain resides in the cytoplasm. Around its middle it has a nucleotide binding motif (NBM) which plays a role in ATP and GTP hydrolysis. It is involved in hyperphosphorylation of the NS5A protein and is also thought to be involved in production of various cytokines by the activation of NF-kB pathway. NS4B plays a major role in HCV replication by inducing membranous web and facilitating other HCV proteins necessary for replication. Here we discuss various functional aspects of this protein and their potential for targeted antiviral approaches.
Analytical Applications Of FT-IR

Kansas State University, Dept. of Chemistry, Willard Hall Manhattan, KS 66502 USAFourier Transform atomic emission spectroscopy is well suited to the determination of nonmetals in the red to near infrared region from 7,900 to 15,800 cm (1). The speed of Fourier Transform spectroscopy allows full spectrum monitoring of transient atomic emissions on a time scale as short as 0.5 s. The present report demonstrates new applications of this system for "on the fly" collection of nonmetal atomic emission spectra produced as gas chromatographic effluent is introduced into an atmospheric pressure helium microwave induced plasma (MIP). Simultaneous multi-element determination of C, H, N, 0, S, Si, P, F, Cl, Br, and I is now possible with the red to NIR Fourier transform atomic emission spectrometer.A medium power (£500 W) microwave generator is coupled to a dual stub, internally tuned (2), Beenakker style microwave cavity (3) employing a 7mm i.d. quartz tangential flow torch (M). Chromatographic effluent and helium "make up" carrier gas are introduced directly to the axial flow inlet of the plasma torch.The traditional Nernst glower source along with its housing have been removed from the interferometer. A glass lens is used to form a 1:1 plasma image on the entrance aperture to the interferometer. A quartz beamsplitter and an uncooled, unintensified silicon diode detector provide sufficient red and NIR sensitivity for nonmetal determinations by emission spectroscopy. The system is operated in the single beam mode for measuring source emission spectra.Initially, a continuous flow of sample gases was bled into the axial plasma gas stream permitting the collection of medium resolution (0.25 cm ) spectra from which nonresonant emission line frequencies and relative intensities for eleven nonmetals have been tabulated. In more recent GC experiments, the IBM GC/FT-IR software package was employed to collect a series of single interferograms, without coaddition, upon injection of a sample into the GC. Additional software has been developed in this laboratory to compute successive, individual spectra while avoiding the coaddition or skipping of any interferograms as is normally done in the molecular absorption experiment. Successive time resolved spectra may then be plotted in a 3 *Dimensional style with axis units of intensity, frequency, and Chromatographic retention time. This provides a complete account of the GC and spectral activity.Figure 1 is a series of time resolved spectra collected during the elution of an ethanol peak from a 0.1ul sample. Observation of the intensities for hydrogen, oxygen and carbon lines at 15,239, 12,867 and 10,995 cm"1 can provide multi* element specific chromatograms of injected mixtures.
Strontium-Induced Oxygen Defect Structure and Hole Doping in La2-xSrxCuO4

We have discovered that the apical oxygen with a 2.35-A La-O bond length is removed when La is substituted by Sr in polycrystalline La{sub 2{minus}{ital x}}Sr{sub {ital x}}CuO{sub 4} under normal preparation conditions. This apical oxygen can be partially filled by oxygen annealing. It is reasoned that a defect oxygen is trapped at an interstitial site near the Sr atom. We present evidence that this defect oxygen is intrinsic to Sr doping, independent of processing conditions. We propose that this defect oxygen serves as a mechanism for hole doping similar to that in the superconducting oxygen-rich La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4+{ital y}}.
APL approximations for common statistical critical values

Evans and Gilfillan (1986) presented APL functions ZTAB, FTAB, CHlSQ, and BINOM, which produce quantile values from z scores, F values, x2 values, and frequencies, respectively. Quantiles of t scores may be obtained from function FTAB. Statistical analyses frequently requirethatcriticalvalues be obtained fromprobabilityvaluesunder the z, t, X , andF distributions when the requiredprobability valuesare not tabled. Oftensuch requirements arise under Bonferroni multiple comparison procedures, where in order to maintaina given level of familywise Type I error over many comparisons, the researcher mayneeda t or F criticalvaluecorresponding to a nontabled probability value. Other uses stem from the analysisof simpleeffects in factorial analysisof variance. This paper presents four APL functions that compute Z, t, X , and F critical values from upper-tailprobability values. The functions are ideal for constructing tables of critical values of the z, t, X , F, and incomplete beta distributions for given probability levels. The function that computes the F values (PTOF) depends on functions for the natural logarithmof the complete beta function (LNBETA), the incomplete beta function (BETAIN), and the inverse incomplete beta function (XINBTA). These three functions may be used for other applications. The functions are presented in Listing 1. Each of the seven functions has been written and tested in APL* PLUS/PCfromSTSC, Inc. mM APLdoesnotacceptthe diamond separator; enter the expressions separated by the diamonds in order from left to right. The execution times were obtained on an mM PC-AT compatible with an 80287 internal arithmetic coprocessor. Inverse Normal Function. Monadic function PTOZ acceptsa list of one or more upper-tailprobabilityvalues in its right argument and returns a vector of the corresponding approximate signed normal deviates. Thus, the result for rightargument [0.950.05 0.025] is [-1.645 1.645 1.960]. PTOZ uses the approximation given by Odeh and Evans (1974). Execution time for a random sampleof 100upper-tailprobability values was0.94 sec. Inverse t Function. Dyadic function PTOT accepts a list of one or more degrees-of-freedom values in its left argument and a list of associated upper-tail probability values in its right argument. PTOT returns a vector of the corresponding approximateStudent's t values. Thus,
Semiparametric analysis of mixture regression models with competing risks data

In the analysis of competing risks data, cumulative incidence function is a useful summary of the overall crude risk for a failure type of interest. Mixture regression modeling has served as a natural approach to performing covariate analysis based on this quantity. However, existing mixture regression methods with competing risks data either impose parametric assumptions on the conditional risks or require stringent censoring assumptions. In this article, we propose a new semiparametric regression approach for competing risks data under the usual conditional independent censoring mechanism. We establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the resulting estimators. A simple resampling method is proposed to approximate the distribution of the estimated parameters and that of the predicted cumulative incidence functions. Simulation studies and an analysis of a breast cancer dataset demonstrate that our method performs well with realistic sample sizes and is appropriate for practical use.
Comparative analysis of the conformations of symmetrically and asymmetrically deca- and undecasubstituted porphyrins bearing meso-alkyl or -aryl groups

Conformational analysis of highly substituted porphyrins has potential implications for modeling the behavior of macrocycles in tetrapyrrole-containing protein complexes and during catalytic reactions. In order to study the influence of different substituent patterns on the conformation of the porphyrin macrocycle, a series of metal free and nickel(II) decasubstituted porphyrins bearing aryl or ethyl groups at opposite meso positions and alkyl groups at the pyrrole positions have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Crystal structures of the free-base porphyrins with 5,15-diaryl substituents showed negligible out-of-plane distortion but a large amount of in-plane distortion along the 5,15-axis accompanied by large bond angle changes similar to those previously seen for related porphyrins with 5,15-dialkyl substituents. Nickel(II) complexes of the 5,15-diaryl-substituted porphyrins show planar or modestly nonplanar conformations, suggesting that these complexes are not intrinsically...
The use of bit and byte manipulation in computing summation sequences

The paper deals with summation sequences characterized by an arbitrary term being defined as a certain sum of preceding terms in the sequence. Bit- and bytemanipulating algorithms for construction of such sequences are described and discussed in some detail.
Ovarian response to gonadotropins after laparoscopic salpingectomy or the division of fallopian tubes for hydrosalpinges

Objective To compare the effect of prophylactic laparoscopic salpingectomy versus division of the fallopian tubes on ovarian response to gonadotropins in women undergoing IVF. Design Retrospective study. Setting National Health Service-based tertiary referral center for reproductive medicine. Patient(s) One hundred sixty-eight women with tubal factor infertility. Sixty-five women with hydrosalpinges had either salpingectomy (n = 40, group A) or proximal tubal division (n = 25, group B), while the remaining women with tubal disease but without hydrosalpinges acted as the control group (n = 103, group C). Intervention(s) Prophylactic laparoscopic salpingectomy or proximal division of the fallopian tubes and ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins for IVF. Main Outcome Measure(s) Day 2 serum FSH levels before surgery and 3 months after surgery but before ovarian stimulation, ovarian response assessed as total dose of hMG administered, serum E 2 concentrations on day 3 and day 8 of stimulation and on the day of hCG injection, number of follicles, and number of oocytes retrieved and fertilized. Result(s) In group A, baseline FSH levels were significantly raised after surgery compared with before surgery. Postsurgery FSH concentrations were significantly higher in group A compared with group B. The number of follicles (15–20 mm) was significantly lower in group A compared with group B and group C. The serum E 2 levels on day 8 of stimulation were lower in group A compared with group B, and on the day of hCG injection it was significantly reduced in group A compared with groups B and C. The number of oocytes retrieved per cycle was significantly lower in group A compared with group B. There were no significant differences in pregnancy rates and miscarriage rates among the three groups. Conclusion(s) These findings suggest that prophylactic salpingectomy in women with hydrosalpinx may compromise ovarian response to stimulation without affecting pregnancy rates. A randomized control trial is recommended to determine the most appropriate laparoscopic procedure in the management of hydrosalpinx before IVF.
Depressive symptoms among dementia caregivers: role of mediating factors.

Objective To compare depressive symptoms between caregivers to persons with dementia and other illnesses and determine whether caregiver role captivity and care recipient disruptive behaviors mediate this association. Methods Prospective cohort study of older women in four U.S. communities followed from 1999 to 2009. Home-based interviews were used in 345 caregiving participants from the Caregiver-Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Caregiver status was based on self-report of performing one or more instrumental or basic activities of daily living for a care recipient. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Scores of 16 or greater represented high depressive symptoms. Caregiver role captivity and care recipient problematic behaviors were measured using validated instruments. Results Approximately one third of the caregivers cared for a person with dementia. High depressive symptoms were more common among dementia caregivers (22.8% versus 11.2%, p Conclusion Older caregivers to persons with dementia are at increased risk of high depressive symptoms. Targeting problematic behaviors among dementia patients and addressing aspects of dementia care that result in role captivity may ameliorate caregiver depression.
Riccati equation solution for controllers with continuous delays

Abstract We reduce the solution of a Riccati equation for infinite-time linear quadratic controllers with continuous delays and n state variables to the problem of finding scalar parameter values for an integral kernel whose form is completely specified. To simplify the exposition, the reduction is described only for a special case involving 2-dimensional state variables, but the method is entirely general. An abstract formulation of Vinter and Kwong is used throughout.
EXPRESSION: a language for architecture exploration through compiler/simulator retargetability

We describe EXPRESSION, a language supporting architectural design space exploration for embedded systems-on-chip (SOC) and automatic generation of a retargetable compiler/simulator toolkit. Key features of our language-driven design methodology include: a mixed behavioral/structural representation supporting a natural specification of the architecture, explicit specification of the memory, subsystem allowing novel memory organizations and hierarchies; clean syntax and ease of modification supporting architectural exploration; a single specification supporting consistency and completeness checking of the architecture; and efficient specification of architectural resource constraints allowing extraction of detailed reservation tables for compiler scheduling. We illustrate key features of EXPRESSION through simple examples and demonstrate its efficacy in supporting exploration and automatic software toolkit generation for an embedded SOC codesign flow.
Petri Net Based Modeling and Control Strategies for Flexible Manufacturing Systems

This paper presents comprehensive and unified strategies to model, analyze, and control flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) in an uncertain and dynamic environment using Petri Net (PN) based modeling. The proposed methodology enables PN models to accept and assimilate online data at execution time. A measurement system consisting of distributed sensory sources suitable for manufacturing processes is designed and an interface is developed of that system with the modeling software (SHARPE) and MATLAB's Simulink to enable realtime data acquisition and processing. The proposed strategies enable online parameter estimation to impart adaptive and intelligent learning capabilities to PN models.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Surfactant protein D influences surfactant ultrastructure and uptake by alveolar type II cells.

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a member of the collectin family of the innate host defense proteins. In the lung, SP-D is expressed primarily by type II cells. Gene-targeted SP-D-deficient [SP-D(−/...
8-13 Micron Spectroscopy of Young Stars

We presen 8-13 meu spectra of 23 young stars acquired with the UKIRT CGS3 spectromere, including T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be, and FU Ori stars. Silicate emission and absorption features can generally be matched with the Trapezium emissivity, by employing simple models to account for optical depth effects.
Characterization of the oxidative stress initiated in cultured human keratinocytes by treatment with peroxides

Cultured human keratinocytes were treated with H2O2, Fe++/Fe , H2O2 + Fe++/Fe , t-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP), or cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). Fe++ +/- Fe was without effect on cell viability. Neither CHP, tBHP, nor H2O2 at 200 microM led to alteration of trypan blue exclusion, but with 700 microM CHP or tBHP there was uptake of trypan blue after 20 min and lysis of cells beginning at 4 h of treatment. Lysis occurred even if the organic hydroperoxide was removed from the media after 1 h. Treatment with 700 microM H2O2 resulted in half of the cells becoming permeable to trypan blue by 60 min, but > 80% of the cells remained intact and functional, and eventually recovered their impermeability to trypan blue. No concentration of H2O2, tBHP, or CHP produced significant thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive material, and Fe++/Fe , H2O2 + Fe++/Fe , and CHP + Fe++/Fe led to the formation of only small amounts of TBA-reactive material. This was attributed to a lack of polyunsaturated lipid in cells cultured in synthetic media. The activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is sensitive to oxidative damage and thus was used as an indicator of oxidative stress along with the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Using these two criteria, we found that CHP or tBHP treatment led to an oxidative stress that was more protracted as compared with the effect of H2O2. The organic peroxides also led to depletion of total glutathione, an effect not found with H2O2. It was also found that H2O2 was more rapidly metabolized than the organic peroxides. In summary, cultured human keratinocytes treated with peroxides underwent a number of changes, which included inactivation of GAPDH, a decrease in the ratio GSH/GSSG, and a loss of trypan blue exclusion. However, as long as the duration of this oxidative stress was short, these changes were reversible and the cells survived. Prolonged oxidative stress led to irreversible damage and cell death. H2O2 was rapidly metabolized and relatively well tolerated by keratinocytes. On the other hand, organic hydroperoxides were metabolized more slowly and were lethal at sub-millimolar concentrations. The relative toxicity of organic hydroperoxides is hypothesized to be related to their non-polar nature.
A Volume Balance Solution for Water Flow Over Flat Soil Surfaces

: This paper presents the development of a mathematical model to compute the advance of water flowing over flat soil surfaces. The solution is of interest to the design and management of irrigation systems, and the model can also be applied to overland flow problems. The hydraulics of water flow during the advance phase is simulated by the Lewis-Milne integral equation. The general solution to this equation is obtained by using the Laplace transform theory. A particular solution was developed, based on series expansions, that uses the modified Kostiakov equation to predict infiltration. The solution is given by a double infinite series that has terms of alternate sign. Results from this model show satisfactory agreement when compared with field data collected by the author.
The Myth of the Conservative Shift in American Politics: a Research Note:

RESIDENT Reagan's two landslide victories and the Republicans' first Senate majority in over 25 years suggested to many people that American politics moved to the right in the 1980s. According to political analysts from a wide range of ideological perspectives, the United States experienced a significant conservative shift. For example, the liberal columnist Anthony Lewis (1980: A35) stated: "What happened in the 1980 election reflected a profound and general turn to conservatism in this country." And the conservative National Review (1984: 14) concluded that the recent presidential elections reflected "the plain fact that the voters are rejecting liberal extremism." On the other hand, some scholars questioned the conservative eighties thesis through analyses of the presidential elections, congressional elections, public opinion polls, and referendum votes. Navarro (1985), for instance, examined a large amount of public opinion data and found continued support for federal social programs by most Americans during the 1980s. He concluded:
Isomorphism in Organization and Management Theory The Case of Research on Sustainability

The article highlights the consequences of isomorphism in organization studies by arguing that current theorizing and research in the discipline often unwittingly legitimize the institutional practices of mainstream business organization. By contrasting the literatures on sustainability in the business and nonbusiness literatures, the authors demonstrate that in organization studies, isomorphic pressures transform the connotation of sustainability to make it consonant with a dominant corporate model. The authors argue that subservience to the institutional models implicit in the conduct of mainstream business organization traps the discipline in a self-perpetuating cycle of normative and mimetic influences, leading scholars and practitioners to mutually reinforce and sustain institutional forms compatible with their jointly held belief systems. The results of the comparative review of the literatures on sustainability is expressed in six observations suggesting a more radical posture among scholars to ena...
Active imaging at 350 GHz for security applications

ABSTRACT Imaging in the sub-millimeter wave range of 300  1000 GHz is useful for a variety of app lications including security screening, imaging through obscurations, and non-destruc tive evaluation. Waves in this frequency range have wavelengths ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 mm and are able to penetrate many optical obscurants. The ability to form high-resolution images that penetrate clothing makes imaging in this frequency range particular ly interesting for personnel security screening at standoff distances . The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has previously developed portal screening systems that operate at the lower end of the millimeter-w ave frequency range around 30 GHz. These systems are well suited for screening within portals and can achieve resolution of about 5 mm at ranges of less than 1 meter. However, increasing the range of these systems w ould dramatically reduce the resolution due to diffraction at their relatively long wavelength. Opera tion at much higher frequencies, for ex ample 350 GHz, will enable an order of magnitude improvement of the resolution at a given range, while still achieving adequate clothing penetration. PNNL's portal imaging systems have relied on wavefront reconstructi on, or holographic, imaging techniques to mathematically focus the imagery. In the sub-millimeter-wave, this may not always be practical due to sensitivity of the system to slight changes in the position of the imaging target during data collection. In this case, physical focusing using lenses or reflectors may be more practical. In this paper, we exam ine the effectiveness of imaging near 350 GHz for security screening applications. Imaging results are presented usi ng the holographic wavefront rec onstruction technique, as well as a focused reflector-based imaging system. Keywords: Millimeter waves, terahertz, imaging, hol ography, personnel surveillance, screening.
Inhaled NO in PPHN: Dose Responses and Acute Withdrawal in Newborns with Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring

Inhaled NO in PPHN: Dose Responses and Acute Withdrawal in Newborns with Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring
The role of postradiotherapy neck dissection in supraglottic carcinoma.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate our policy of performing neck dissection based on regional response after definitive radiotherapy in patients with supraglottic carcinoma and to identify the prognostic factors in this group of patients. Methods and Materials: Between 1970 and 1995, 121 patients with node-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx were treated with definitive radiotherapy. Sixty-nine percent of patients presented with 1997 AJCC Stage IV disease. The N-stage distribution was N1, 49; N2, 62; and N3, 10. The median size of the lymph nodes was 3 cm (range, 0.5–8 cm). Forty-five patients received once-a-day treatment with a median total dose of 65 Gy (range, 58.0–70.8 Gy) in 1.8–2.0 Gy per fraction over 48 days, and 76 patients received split-course accelerated hyperfractionation with a median total dose of 67.2 Gy (range, 63.2–73.6 Gy) in 1.6 Gy twice a day over 43 days. Patients whose lymph nodes were not clinically detectable at 4–6 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy (complete response) were followed without any neck dissection. Patients with persistent neck adenopathy (partial response) underwent neck dissection whenever possible. Mean follow-up of the living patients was 6.5 years. Results: Regional response was related to the size of lymph nodes at presentation. Eighty-seven percent of patients with nodal size of 3 cm or less had a complete response, whereas 43% of patients with nodal size greater than 3 cm had a partial response. The rate of regional control at 3 years for all patients in the study was 66%. The 3-year ultimate regional control rate after salvage neck dissection was 75%. A relapse in both the primary and regional sites was the most common pattern of relapse, accounting for 39% of all the failures. Local failure was associated with subsequent regional relapse with a relative risk of 4.3. For patients with completeresponse in whom postradiotherapy neck dissection was withheld, the regional control rates were 75% and 86% for N1 and N2, respectively. The rate of isolated regional relapse in this group of patients was 7.5%. In multivariate analysis, significant favorable factors predictive for regional control were female gender, accelerated hyperfractionation, and complete response; whereas factors predictive for overall survival were Karnofsky Performance Scale score and regional response. The rate of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Grade 2 or 3 neck fibrosis was 17% and 23% for patients with and without postradiotherapy neck dissection, respectively. Conclusion: Isolated regional relapse is not common in patients with supraglottic carcinoma when a complete response is achieved at 4–6 weeks after definitive radiotherapy and postradiotherapy neck dissection is not performed. Female gender, accelerated hyperfractionation, and complete response are favorable predictors of regional control.
Effect of serotonin and throm☐ane A2 on endothelial cell proliferation: Effect of specific receptor antagonists

Abstract Platelet aggregation at sites of vascular injury releases both peptide growth factors and vasoactive compounds. Although significant attention has been focused on peptide growth factors, very little is known about the mitogenic effect of vasoactive compounds. We evaluated the effect of serotonin (5-HT) and throm☐ane A2 (TXA2) mimetic U46619 alone and in combination on aortic endothelial cells. Stimulation of endothelial cells by 5-HT resulted in an increase in tritiated thymidine uptake and an increase in cell number, whereas U46619 did not have any significant effect. However, when endothelial cells were exposed to both compounds, U46619 potentiated the mitogenic effect of 5-HT on endothelial cells. When endothelial cells were preincubated with LY281067 (a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist) or ridogrel (a combined TXA2 synthase inhibitor and receptor antagonist), LY281067 blocked the mitogenic effect of 5-HT and ridogrel blocked the potentiating effect of U46619 on 5-HT2-induced tritiated thymidine incorporation. When endothelial cells were preincubated with both antagonists, the effects of both 5-HT and U46619 were blocked. Recent studies have indicated that regenerating endothelial cells at sites of vascular injury may release growth factors for vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to smooth muscle cell proliferation and development of neointima. This study suggests that the combined use of 5-HT and TXA2 receptor antagonists may inhibit the growth of endothelial cells at sites of vascular injury and attenuate the formation of neointima.