cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Information Management and Parental Knowledge in Non-Latino White and Latino Youth Managing Type 1 Diabetes.

Author(s): Tucker, Christy; Wiebe, Deborah J; Main, Alexandra; Lee, Alyssa G; White, Perrin C | Abstract: ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to examine associations between adolescents' regulation of information about their type 1 diabetes (adolescent disclosure, secrecy), parental knowledge about their adolescent's diabetes management, diabetes outcomes (adherence, HbA1c), and depressive symptoms in Non-Latino White and Latino families.MethodsIn all, 118 adolescents (56 = Latino, 62 = Non-Latino White) completed surveys of disclosure to and secrecy from parents, parental knowledge of adolescent diabetes management, adherence, and depressive symptoms, and mothers completed measures of maternal knowledge and adolescent adherence. Glycemic control was extracted from medical records. Adolescents also completed structured interviews about parental knowledge about their diabetes-related problems.ResultsInterviews revealed that adolescent disclosure is the primary method by which parents gain knowledge about adolescent diabetes management problems. Adolescent disclosure to and secrecy from parents were uniquely associated with diabetes management and depressive symptoms independent of parental knowledge across ethnic groups; maternal reports of knowledge about her adolescent's diabetes care activities were associated with diabetes management independent of adolescent disclosure and secrecy.ConclusionsAdolescent information management strategies are a primary means by which parents gain knowledge about diabetes, which may facilitate more effective management.
Single-Center Retrospective Study of Risk Factors and Predictive Value of Framingham Risk Score of Patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Objectives The objective of this study was to identify risk factors and clinical profile of the patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We further evaluated the utility of the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in the accurate identification of these patients if used before their coronary event. Methods We evaluated the demographic, clinical, and angiographic characteristics of patients admitted with STEMI. We also calculated cardiovascular event risk using the FRS in a subset of patients without prior known coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus. Results A total of 44 patients, predominantly men (75%) and white (80%), with a mean age of 56 ± 10 years, were included in our analysis. Cigarette smoking was the predominant risk factor (83%) followed by hypertension (77%) and dyslipidemia (68%). The calculated FRS in a subset of patients without prior coronary artery disease or diabetes mellitus was 14.1% ± 5.8%. Based on the FRS, 8 (36%) patients had a 10-year risk >20% and 14 (63%) patients had a 10-year risk between 10% and 20%. Conclusions In a series of consecutive patients with STEMI, we observed that high FRS was inadequate in correct identification and risk stratification of the majority of patients who had STEMI. Our study underlines the importance of being familiar with multiple risk scores and choosing the most applicable risk score based on the patient's individual characteristics. In addition, it is important to take into consideration the nontraditional risk factors or measurement of coronary artery calcium as a part of the risk assessment algorithm.
A Behavioral Family Intervention for Children with Overweight and Asthma.

Objective The Childhood Health and Asthma Management Program (CHAMP) is a behavioral family lifestyle intervention for youth with overweight or obesity (OV/OB) and asthma. This pilot randomized controlled trial examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of CHAMP. Methods A sample of 24 children (Mage = 8.67) with asthma and a BMI ≥ 85th percentile and their caregivers participated in a pilot randomized controlled trial. Families were recruited from local pediatrician offices and pediatric pulmonary and allergy clinics and randomized to CHAMP or a health education attention control condition. Children's height, weight, lung function, asthma control, and asthma-related quality of life (QOL) were collected at baseline, post-intervention, and 6-months post-treatment. Analysis of covariance and standardized mean differences were used to assess changes in outcome variables among participants attending > 50% of sessions (n = 12). Results Families participating in CHAMP reported high satisfaction; however, there were a number of barriers to recruitment and regular session attendance. There were no statistically significant between group differences at post-intervention or long-term follow-up. From baseline to post-intervention, there were small to large effect sizes favoring CHAMP for BMI z-scores, asthma control, and measures of lung function. There were small to medium effect sizes favoring CHAMP at long-term follow-up for BMI z-scores, asthma control, and asthma-related QOL. Conclusions CHAMP had adequate acceptability in this trial. We did not find significant results favoring CHAMP in comparison to the control group, however, lessons learned provide important directions for modifications in anticipation of a larger trial.
HIV viral dynamics.

Background : Elucidation of the underlying rapid turnover of virus and HIV infected cells in vivo was perhaps the most informative and exciting discovery in HIV and AIDS research in the last few years. This observation, based on the rapid drop in virus load following antiviral drug therapy promises to change significantly the way we view important aspects of interaction of the virus and its host. As a result, the paradigm for HIV infection has shifted from considering the long period of clinical latency as one of viral inactivity, to viewing it as an active steady state of constant virus replication and cell death. This period should also be viewed as an integral part of the disease process, not simply a prolog to frank AIDS. Methods : Here, I discuss the theoretical basis of the steady state model of HIV infection as well as its important consequences for understanding and controlling HIV pathogenesis. These include the significance of genetic variation and the establishment and evolution of the virus quasispecies, the evolution of resistance of the virus to antiviral therapy, and the theoretical and practical significance of virus load measurements. Emphasis is on discussion of recent developments as well as areas where our understanding still has significant gaps.
Electrical impedance mapping for localizing evolving traumatic brain injury

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to nearly a third of injury-related deaths, is the fourth leading cause of death in the U.S., and costs the U.S. ~$60 billion annually. There are two types of TBI, focal and diffuse, each requiring drastically different treatments. The current clinical standard for monitoring severe TBI is through intracranial pressure (ICP) sensing; however, significant limitations in the ICP response have motivated investigation into more multi-modal monitoring approaches. Electrical impedance has been shown to be sensitive to pathological changes within tissue including ischemia and stroke lesions. We hypothesize that by correlating electrical impedance to intracranial volume (ICV) changes we will be able to identify onset of a focal injury and localize it within the intracerebral space, overcoming many of the current limitations in TBI monitoring. Methods: A saline phantom and porcine animal model were used with controlled volume inflation steps of a Fogarty catheter. Impedance was collected across 8 electrode sectors and spatial localization capabilities compared to inclusion location. Autologous blood was then injected to simulate an intracerebral hemorrhage and the same protocol applied. Results: The phantom successfully detected inclusion presence, volume change and location. The animal model detected inclusion change with moderate success in accurately specifying location. Conclusion: Electrical impedance was successfully able to detect changes in intracranial volume in both a phantom and animal model. Additionally, initial results show potential spatial localization capabilities enabling differentiation of focal events from diffuse injury in monitoring of traumatic brain injury.
Targeted hippocampal GABA neuron ablation by Stable Substance P–saporin causes hippocampal sclerosis and chronic epilepsy in rats

Cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy develops in the absence of identified brain injuries, infections, or structural malformations, and in these cases, an unidentified pre-existing abnormality may initiate febrile seizures, hippocampal sclerosis, and epilepsy. Although a role for GABAergic dysfunction in epilepsy is intuitively obvious, no causal relationship has been established. In this study, hippocampal GABA neurons were targeted for selective elimination to determine whether a focal hippocampal GABAergic defect in an otherwise normal brain can initiate cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. We used Stable Substance P-saporin conjugate (SSP-saporin) to target rat hippocampal GABA neurons, which selectively and constitutively express the neurokinin-1 receptors that internalize this neurotoxin. Bilateral and longitudinally extensive intrahippocampal microinjections of SSP-saporin caused no obvious behavioral effects for several days. However, starting ~4 days postinjection, rats exhibited episodes of immobilization, abnormal flurries of "wet-dog" shakes, and brief focal motor seizures characterized by facial automatisms and forepaw clonus. These clinically subtle behaviors stopped after ~4 days. Convulsive status epilepticus did not develop, and no deaths occurred. Months later, chronically implanted rats exhibited spontaneous focal motor seizures and extreme hippocampal sclerosis. These data suggest that hippocampal GABAergic dysfunction is epileptogenic and can produce the defining features of cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy.
Nuclear Structure of Na 22 .I. Gamma-Ray Correlations and Lifetime Measurements for Levels of E ex 3.1 MeV

Levels of ${\mathrm{Na}}^{22}$ below an excitation energy of 3.1 MeV have been investigated through the ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, n\ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{Na}}^{22}$ and ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}({\mathrm{He}}^{3}, p\ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{Na}}^{22}$ reactions. Gamma-ray spectra from the first reaction were recorded with an 8-cc Ge(Li) detector at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and 166\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ beam using Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ targets and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ energies between 4.0 and 7.0 MeV. Spectra were similarly recorded at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for ${E}_{{\mathrm{He}}^{3}}=5.65$ MeV in the second reaction. These studies were supplemented by $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence measurements with both NaI(Tl)-NaI(Tl) and NaI(Tl)-Ge(Li) $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray detector combinations. Gamma-ray angular distributions were measured at ${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}=5.48$ MeV using the ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, n){\mathrm{Na}}^{22}$ reaction and $p\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ angular correlations were measured at ${E}_{{\mathrm{He}}^{3}}=5.65$ MeV using the ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}({\mathrm{He}}^{3}, p){\mathrm{Na}}^{22}$ reaction. From these measurements excitation energies and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray decay modes were determined for the levels below 3.1-MeV excitation, information on spin-parity and isotopic-spin assignments was obtained, and values or limits for the mean lifetimes of the levels were extracted from observations of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray Doppler shifts. An isotopic-spin assignment of $T=1$ was made to the ${\mathrm{Na}}^{22}$ 1.952-MeV level; all other levels in the range $0.7l{E}_{x}(\mathrm{MeV})l3.1$ were assigned $T=0$. Upon combining our results with previously available information, we deduce the following spin-parity and lifetime information ${{E}_{\mathrm{ex}}(\mathrm{MeV})[{J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}; {\ensuremath{\tau}}_{m}(\mathrm{psec})]}$ for the third through eleventh levels of ${\mathrm{Na}}^{22}$: 0.891 (${4}^{+}$; g8), 1.528 (${3}^{+}$, ${5}^{+}$; 3.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9), 1.937 (${1}^{+}$; 0.06), 1.952 (1, 2; 0.09), 1.984 (${2}^{+}$, ${3}^{+}$; 1.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.34), 2.211 (1; g11), 2.572 (\ensuremath{\le}3; g10), 2.969 (\ensuremath{\le}3; 0.14), 3.059 (\ensuremath{\le}3; 0.09). The combined influence of Doppler effects and the lifetimes of the initial states on the shapes of the full-energy-loss peaks of the 1.528 \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 0 and 1.984 \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 0.583 transitions is quite marked. The analysis of these shapes to obtain the lifetimes given above is described in detail. Some incidental information concerning excitation energies and lifetimes of energy levels in ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ and ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{22}$ is given in an Appendix.
Gallbladder Polyps Are Associated with Proximal Colon Polyps.

Background. The association between gallbladder (GB) disease and colorectal precancerous lesions remains elusive. This study sought to explore the association between GB disease and colorectal neoplasms at different locations. Methods. Patients who received general health checkup from January to December 2008 were included and subgrouped into three groups by polyp location: proximal, distal, and whole colon. GB disease and other known risk factors for colon cancer were compared and analyzed. Different types of polyps at different locations were further investigated. Results. Of a total of 3136 patients (1776 men and 1360 women; mean age, 49.3 years) who had colon polyps, 212 (6.8%) had GB stone and 512 (16.3%) had GB polyps. Patients in the proximal colon polyp group had higher rates of GB polyps and stones. GB polyps were independently associated with proximal colon polyps, including both hyperplastic polyps (odds ratio, 1.523; ) and adenomatous polyps (odds ratio, 1.351; ). No relationship between GB polyps and distal or any colon polyps was observed. Irrespective of the polyp location (i.e., proximal, distal, or any part of the colon), GB stone did not show any association with colon polyp. Conclusions. We suggested that GB polyps are associated with proximal colon polyps. Colonoscopy may be a more effective strategy for screening proximal precancerous lesions among patients with GB polyps. The association between GB disease and colon polyps demands further prospective investigation.
Spatial Information Technologies: Integrating the Tools with the Curricula

Spatial information technologies are being used more and more in forestry and natural resources management and research. Our long-term goal is to expose students to these technologies from the moment they enter school until they graduate. We present a sample class and laboratory sequence in which students used geographic information systems, global positioning systems, and statistical sampling techniques to estimate forest basal area. Our plans include integrating spatial information technology into other courses in the curricula, and using more rigorous assessments to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach.
Synchrophasor Missing Data Recovery via Data-Driven Filtering

To enhance reliability and observability, power systems in North America have installed a significant number of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) to monitor dynamic behaviors. For real-time applications, the PMU data are streamed via the Internet from the substations to the phasor data concentrators, in the control centers. The transmission of the PMU data however, is not always reliable and can be subjected to quality issues and losses due to latency and equipment malfunctions. In this paper, a temporal version of the OnLine Algorithm for PMU data processing (OLAP) is proposed to recover the missing data. The algorithm is geared toward prolonged data outages and especially signals exhibiting significant temporal patterns. The method is connected to adaptive filtering and a necessary stability criterion for the algorithm is derived.The method is compared against several low rank and streaming data recovery methods to evaluate its effectiveness.
Cellular and Clinical Analyses of Autologous Bone Marrow Aspirate Injectate for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study.

INTRODUCTION Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by pain and functional deficits. Common conservative strategies include medications, physical therapy, and intra-articular injections. Recently, treatment using autologous cell injections has increased. OBJECTIVE To characterize the cellular content of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and to evaluate the effect of intra-articular autologous BMA injections in patients with mild knee OA. DESIGN Prospective pilot observational study. SETTING Academic institution. PATIENTS Eleven patients with unilateral or bilateral mild knee OA (15 knees) were included in the cellular analysis. Ten patients (13 knees) were included in the overall (cellular and clinical) analysis. INTERVENTIONS BMA was aspirated from patients' iliac crests and then injected intra-articularly under fluoroscopic and/or ultrasound guidance. BMA samples were analyzed using flow cytometry, colony forming unit (CFU) assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Questionnaires assessing pain and function were administered preinjection and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postinjection. Side effects and satisfaction were assessed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total nucleated cell (TNC) concentration, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) concentration, CFU count, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) concentration. RESULTS BMA sample analyses revealed wide ranges in TNC concentration (173300-4 491 050 cells/mL), MSC concentration (0-500 cells/mL), CFUs (0-19), and IL-1Ra concentration (2806-29 394 pg/mL). Improvements in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score for Joint Replacement were observed throughout the 12-month follow-up period (F[4,12] = 12.29, P < .001). Additionally, current, usual, best, and worst numerical rating scale pain scores significantly decreased over time (P < .001). Patient satisfaction was high (range: 8.1 ± 2.1-8.8 ± 1.9), and side effects were uncommon. CONCLUSIONS The cellular content of BMA samples varied widely between patients and was lower than the anticipated yield reported by the device's manufacturer. However, intra-articular BMA injections for knee OA in a small pilot cohort appeared to be safe with potential therapeutic value. Larger, prospective, double-blinded studies are warranted.
Enhancing nuclear data validation analysis by using machine learning

Abstract We demonstrate how machine learning (ML) techniques can be used as an auxiliary tool for nuclear data validation analysis. The output of the ML analysis can inform evaluators and validators on the quality, or lack thereof, of specific nuclear data and benchmark experiments with respect to simulating these experimental benchmark values. To this end, measured and simulated effective neutron multiplication factors, keff, of 875 selected ICSBEP critical assemblies and the latter's sensitivities with respect to nuclear data as well as benchmarks' features (e.g., material nuclide, core geometry) are used as input for a random forest (RF) regression model. The RF is used to encode the complex inter-dependencies between thousands of nuclear data features (i.e., sensitivity profiles and aspects describing the measurements) and 875 simulated and experimental keff values in order to understand what nuclear data features are most informative for predicting bias. The complexity of relationships and high-dimensional space is difficult-to-impossible to search fully using simply expert judgment. As a first proof-of-concept—step, it is demonstrated that this technique is able to correctly trace large discrepancies between simulated and experimental keff back to fabricated shortcomings in nuclear data that were perturbed to simulated keff values. In a second, real-case scenario, step, the RF algorithm is used to validate the ENDF/B-VIII.0 library in comparison to ENDF/B-VII.1 nuclear data. One case is showcased where the chosen ML algorithms highlighted nuclear data (the 19F(n,inl) cross section from 0.4–0.9 MeV) that are shown to be problematic by comparing them to associated differential experimental data and nuclear data from other libraries. In addition to that, it is shown that the RF results point towards poor benchmark experiments and associated underestimated uncertainties (e.g., the PU-SOL-THERM-028 series). However, using the RF algorithm for validating nuclear data with respect to keff is currently limited to pinpointing groups of questionable nuclear data due to the inherent correlations between features introduced by the nuclear data themselves and how keff is simulated. Due to this, we recommend that the ML methods presented be used to augment—rather than replace—the expert knowledge of evaluators and validators.
Serendipitous Discovery and Parallax of a Nearby L Dwarf

A field star serendipitously observed in a parallax program proved to have a proper motion of 562 mas/yr and a parallax of 82 +- 2 mas. The star is identified with 2MASS J07003664+3157266. A Keck LRIS spectrum shows its spectral type to be L3.5, as expected from its infrared and optical colors and absolute magnitude. This object had not been previously recognized as an L dwarf, perhaps because of crowding at its relatively low Galactic latitude (b = +15.8 degrees).
Mental and Sexual Health Disparities Among Bisexual and Unsure Latino/a and Black Sexual Minority Youth.

Purpose: Sexual minority youth (SMY), particularly bisexual youth and youth unsure of their sexual identity, are at greater risk of poor mental and sexual health outcomes than heterosexual youth. The purpose of this study was to examine disparities in intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental and sexual health for Black and Latino/a bisexual and unsure youth compared with their White bisexual and unsure and Black and Latino/a heterosexual peers. Methods: We used aggregated state and school district 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data to demonstrate differences in mental health (e.g., depressive symptoms and suicidality), sexual health (e.g., number of sexual partners and contraceptive use), and physical and sexual IPV between Black and Latino/a bisexual and unsure youth, and their White bisexual and unsure and Black and Latino/a heterosexual peers. Results: Bisexual and unsure youth had higher odds of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation and plans, and physical IPV than their same-race heterosexual peers. Black and Latina bisexual and unsure females were more likely to report sexual health risk behaviors than Black and Latina heterosexual females. There were few differences between bisexual and unsure youth of color and White youth. Conclusion: We add to a growing body of literature showing disparities in IPV and mental and sexual health among bisexual and unsure youth of color. Pronounced risk for poor health outcomes among bisexual and unsure females of color needs to be especially addressed by prevention and intervention efforts. We encourage further research on the health of SMY with multiple marginalized identities.
Educational interventions to promote covid-19 vaccination among parents

The topic of COVID19 Vaccine Education for Caregivers (CVEC) was chosen for this internship project in an attempt to contribute to ending the global pandemic. The COVID19 pandemic has pushed the American public to take public health measures seriously in order to protect themselves and others. Pandemic-induced fears have also generated a significant amount of anxiety throughout many people in the country in regards to confusion and uncertainty regarding the COVID19 pandemic information as well as vaccine information. American adults caring for children are experiencing higher levels of stress, compared to adults without children, as they have to manage additional challenges regarding at-home care in the absence of traditional schooling and extracurricular activities.1 In addition to making vaccination decisions for themselves, these caregivers are also responsible for making healthcare decisions for their children, which is why it is extremely important that they have the information necessary to make informed decisions to receive COVID19 vaccination. CVEC was designed to educate and answer questions caregivers may have in order for them to feel educated and comfortable in receiving COVID19 vaccination. Working with the Delaware Academy of Medicine and the Delaware Public Health Association, CVEC resources were published online through the Immunization Coalition of Delaware, which works to ensure nobody in Delaware suffers from vaccine preventable illnesses.
How should postmenopausal androgen excess be evaluated

Evidence of clinical and/or biochemical androgen excess connotes a unique differential diagnosis in postmenopausal women. Providers need to be able to discriminate between changes of the normal ageing process compared to potential pathology in older women. The evaluation and treatment of postmenopausal hirsutism and hyperandrogenism is reviewed. Androgen excess may have long-term negative health consequences and as such should be detected and treated.
On the Effect of Area Ruling on Transonic Abrupt Wing Stall

Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of the transonic flow over a generic fighter aircraft wing/LEX/body configuration are presented. Data in the pre and post-stall regime are presented, and it is shown that small changes in the cross-sectional area distribution in the aft body has a significant effect on the onset of wing stall, but more systematic computations are needed before the effectiveness of area-ruling can be firmly established.
Do Cultural Differences Make a Business Difference

Argues that, although cultural differences clearly affect relationships within organizations, tensions are often triggered first by other contextual factors. Presents the findings of a study of foreign acquisitions of US firms, and demonstrates how problems between the two partners most often arise out of strategic, organizational, political and financial issues. Describes the factors which determine the success of mergers between partners where different cultural values are involved.
Optimization of the thermal shock resistance of carbon--carbon composites

A three-dimensional rule of mixtures model was developed to calculate the room-temperature thermal and mechanical properties of carbon-carbon composites whose constituents have anisotropic properties. The model was used, along with the properties of different carbon fibers and pyrocarbon matrices, to determine the fiber-matrix combination, constituent volume fractions, and constituent orientations that maximize expected composite thermal shock resistance of heat shields. The results indicate that a composite having a low volume fraction of high-modulus carbon fibers, arranged in a 3D array, and coated with anisotropic, heat-treated pyrocarbon matrix, will have the maximum thermal shock resistance. Confidence in the model was established by good agreement between model predictions and experimental data on actual carbon-carbon composites.
Limitations of Gradient Transport Models in Random Walks and in Turbulence

Publisher Summary This chapter identifies the conditions necessary for the validity of a gradient transport model in a simple mean-free-path type of random transport process. A principal shortcoming of the telegraph equation as a turbulent diffusion model is that it possesses no Eulerian statistical properties, whereas Eulerian coordinates are those in which most experimental investigations and theoretical analysis of turbulent motion are conveniently carried out. By qualitative analogy with random walk transport, analyzed without rigor, the chapter presents a collection of conditions that may be necessary for the applicability of simple gradient transport models in turbulence. These conditions stipulate degrees of homogeneity and stationarity of the mean field being transported, and of the turbulence properties central to the transport mechanism. One or more of these conditions appear to be violated in each of the traditional turbulent flow boundary value problems, such as boundary layer and jet. There are many alternative approaches to turbulent transport, which are related to neither a gradient transport approximation, nor to a hypothetical, long-path, radiative transport analogy. Closure schemes for hierarchies of turbulence moment equations have been based on a variety of truncated expansion procedures, which often invoke no explicit physical or phenomenological images, but are more or less ad hoc, based sometimes on the intuitive belief that higher order correlation coefficients tend to be very much smaller than lower order ones. It is possible that one of these more formal closure methods will eventually succeed.
Fast Coherent Particle Advection through Time-Varying Unstructured Flow Datasets

Tracing the paths of collections of particles through a flow field is a key step for many flow visualization and analysis methods. When a flow field is interpolated from the nodes of an unstructured mesh, the process of advecting a particle must first find which cell in the unstructured mesh contains the particle. Since the paths of nearby particles often diverge, the parallelization of particle advection quickly leads to incoherent memory accesses of the unstructured mesh. We have developed a new block advection GPU approach that reorganizes particles into spatially coherent bundles as they follow their advection paths, which greatly improves memory coherence and thus shared-memory GPU performance. This approach works best for flows that meet the CFL criterion on unstructured meshes of uniformly sized elements, small enough to fit at least two timesteps in GPU memory.
Microarray analysis of nitric oxide responsive transcripts in Arabidopsis

Nitric oxide (NO) is emerging as an important signalling molecule with diverse physiological functions in plants. In the current study, changes in gene expression in response to 0.1 mm and 1.0 mm sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of NO, were studied in Arabidopsis using the whole genome ATH1 microarray, representing over 24,000 genes. We observed 342 up-regulated and 80 down-regulated genes in response to NO treatments. These included 126 novel genes with unknown functions. Most of these changes were specific to NO treatment, as we observed a reverse trend when the plants were treated with NO scavenger, 2-[4-carboxyphenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxy-3-oxide (c-PTIO). Hierarchical clustering revealed 162 genes showing a dose-dependent increase in signal from 0.1 mm SNP to 1.0 mm SNP treatment. We observed the up-regulation of several genes encoding disease-resistance proteins, WRKY proteins, transcription factors, zinc finger proteins, glutathione S-transferases, ABC transporters, kinases and biosynthetic genes of ethylene, jasmonic acid, lignin and alkaloids. This report provides an insight into the molecular basis for the seemingly diverse biological functions of NO in plants. Interestingly, about 2.0% of the genes in Arabidopsis responded to NO treatment, about 10% of which were transcription factors. NO may also influence the plant's signal transduction network as indicated by the transcriptional activation of several protein kinases, including a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. We identified many genes previously not shown to be associated with NO responses in plants, and this is the first report of NO responsive genes based on a whole genome microarray.
Identification of an autosomal locus affecting steroid sulfatase activity among inbred strains of mice.

We have found an activity variant for testicular and liver steroid sulfatase among inbred strains of mice that is not X-linked. C57BL/6J, SM/J and SWR/J testicular extracts hydrolyze 3H-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate twice as rapidly as do A/J extracts. The C3H/HeJ and DBA/2J strains were intermediate. The Km values for C57BL/6J and A/J are 2.29 ± 0.10 and 1.01 ± 0.02 µM, respectively. The F 1 values in both directions were intermediate, which argues against X-linkage of this trait. F2 values show scattered high-intermediate-low values compatible with assay variation superimposed on the segregation of codominant alleles. When assayed for both testicular and liver steroid sulfatase, nine recombinant inbred lines between A/J and C57BL/6J segregate to near the parental strain values. Thus, this activity variation for steroid sulfatase appears to be determined by a single gene, which is not X-linked. Sex and steroidal hormone differences in liver steroid sulfatase activity were not present in the A/J strain, but females of the C57BL/6J and some recombinant inbred lines had higher levels. Electrophoretic studies only disclosed a variant in the SM/J strain, which seems to be secondary to the well-known neuraminidase variation in SM/J.
Dimensions of Masculinity and Major Choice Traditionality

Abstract We sought to extend the existing research on men who pursue female-dominated careers by examining three masculinity-related constructs which have received little attention in the literature: masculinity ideology, masculine gender-role conflict, and homophobia. Two groups of 50 men, classified as career-traditional or career-nontraditional, were compared in terms of their scores on the Male Role Norms Scale (MRNS), the Gender-Role Conflict Scale (GRCS), and the Index of Homophobia-Modified (IHP-M). Consistent with predictions, results revealed that career-traditional men endorsed antifemininity and toughness norms, reported difficulties concerning restrictive emotionality and restrictive affectionate behavior between men, and indicated homophobic attitudes to a greater extent than did career-nontraditional men. Contrary to prediction, career-traditional and career-nontraditional men did not indicate different endorsement of status norms; difficulties concerning success, power, and competition; or conflicts between work and family relations. Implications for future research and counseling are discussed.
XPS oxidation study of TbFeCo films

Abstract The oxidation of TbFeCo amorphous alloys in the temperature range 70–120°C is examined using XPS, optical and magnetic measurement techniques. As a consequence of this oxidation process, a complex structure is formed whose upper surface layer consists of oxides of Tb, Fe and Co. Below this oxidized structure (approximately 5 nm thick) is a region consisting of terbium oxide within which Fe and Co exist in their metallic states. This lower region significantly alters the magneto-optical properties of the thin films and the thickness of this region increases with annealing time. The kinetics of the process follows a parabolic law and is diffusion limited with an activation energy of 0.5±0.1 eV. The oxidation rate of TbFe is hindered by Co additions. This is not the result of Co segregation or preferential Co oxidation phenomena.
Measurement of retention in care among adults infected with HIV in an urban clinic

Adults infected with HIV live longer when they receive regular medical care, yet many adults are not retained in care. Providers measure retention in order to evaluate interventions to improve retention and quality of HIV care. However, multiple measures for retention exist. This study compares two methods of operationalizing retention and evaluates the contribution of individual characteristics on the likelihood of retention. A chart review was performed for a random sample of 212 active clients of an urban HIV primary care clinic. Data on clinic utilization, sex, age, race, mental illness, substance use, AIDS diagnosis, language, and housing were collected for each participant. Clinic utilization data were used to classify participants for retention status and to score them by frequency of visits. Binary logistic regression analysis was compared with ordinal logistic regression analysis, using distinct retention measures as outcome variables. In the binary model, those with a history of substance use were about half as likely to be retained (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29-0.94) and those with an AIDS diagnosis were more than twice as likely to be retained (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.17-4.09). These characteristics were significant predictors in the ordinal model, with the additional finding that those reporting English as a primary language were less likely to have higher retention scores (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19-0.84). An ordinal score for retention can identify unexpected predictors, but a dichotomous measure of retention may be easier to use and interpret for providers involved in retention-related quality improvement activities.
The origin of tourniquet shock-induced cardiovascular failure in exogenous hyperthyroidism

Die Veranderung des endogenen Catecholamin-Gehaltes des Herzens hyperthyroider Ratten hebt die Schockempfindlichkeit der Tiere nicht auf.
Rare gas evidence for two paired meteorite falls

Abstract Rare gas contents were determined by mass-spectrometry in meteorites of two so-called paired falls: Accalana-Artracoona-Carraweena and La Lande-Melrose-Taiban. The results show that Accalana and Carraweena are identical, whereas Artracoona appears to be an independent fall. The “La Lande” group includes perhaps at least one independent fall: Taiban. A comparison of terrestrial meteorite ages to meteorite fall frequencies shows, that the survival of coincidences of octahedrites, and ordinary chondrites, is quite likely.
Temporal and demographic trends in cerebral palsy—Fact and fiction

The rate of cerebral palsy has not decreased in developed countries over the past 30 years, despite the widespread use of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring and a 5-fold increase in the cesarean delivery rate over the same period of time. However, neonatal survival has improved during these decades. These observations have lead to the hypothesis that increased survival of premature, neurologically impaired infants may have masked an actual reduction in cerebral palsy among term infants as a result of the use of electronic monitoring and the avoidance of intrapartum asphyxia. A review of the medical literature, as well as a demographic analysis of term and preterm birth rates in the United States, refutes this hypothesis on four grounds. First, cerebral palsy prevalence has been separately analyzed in term infants and shows no change over 30 years. Second, the prevalence of cerebral palsy is the same or lower in underdeveloped countries than in developed nations; in the former, the availability of emergency cesarean delivery based on electronic monitor data is limited or absent. Third, the increase in prevalence of cerebral palsy among low-birth-weight infants and the increase in cesarean sections based on presumed fetal distress were not simultaneous events-the former preceded the latter by a decade. Improved neonatal survival since the 1980s has been associated with a stable or decreasing rate of neurologic impairment and thus could not have obscured improvement from reduced term asphyxia. Finally, compared with the number of infants born by cesarean section for fetal distress, there are simply not enough infants born in the most vulnerable weight groups to make any impact on even a minimal improvement of outcome in the group delivered by cesarean section for presumed fetal distress. Except in rare instances, cerebral palsy is a developmental event that is unpreventable given our current state of technology.
Descriptivism, scope, and apparently empty names

Some descriptivists reply to the modal argument by appealing to scope ambiguities. In this paper, we argue that those replies don't work in the case of apparently empty names like 'Sherlock Holmes'.
Adult age differences in judgments of semantic fit

A total of 130 young adults and 173 older adults gave goodness of fit ratings for sets of word alternatives for 123 English sentence frames. Word alternatives were semantically plausible in all cases but varied in the likelihood of their occurrence within the sentence frames. Adding support to the general belief that vocabulary and language knowledge are well preserved in normal aging, our results showed generally high agreement in goodness of fit ratings by the young and older adults. Differences that did occur appeared to be due to cohort differences in word usage and interests rather than underlying cognitive function. We suggest that this similarity in semantic judgments may help to explain why adult age differences in comprehension and memory for sentences are generally smaller than age differences for other examples of episodic memory.
Non-isothermal Navier–Stokes system with mixed boundary conditions and friction law: Uniqueness and regularity properties

Abstract We consider an unsteady non-isothermal fluid flow subjected to non-homogeneous Dirichlet conditions on a part of the boundary and Tresca’s friction law on the other part. For this problem an existence result has been proved recently in Boukrouche et al. (2014) but uniqueness has been left as an open question. Starting from the approximation of the problem based on a regularization of the free boundary condition due to friction combined with a special penalty method, we establish some sharp a priori estimates leading to better regularity properties for the velocity field and to the uniqueness of the solutions. Finally we study the regularity of the pressure field and of the stress tensor.
On Succinct Greedy Drawings of Plane Triangulations and 3-Connected Plane Graphs

Geometric routing by using virtual locations is an elegant way for solving network routing problems. In its simplest form, greedy routing, a message is simply forwarded to a neighbor that is closer to the destination. It has been an open conjecture whether every 3-connected plane graph has a greedy drawing in the Euclidean plane R2 (by Papadimitriou and Ratajczak in Theor. Comp. Sci. 344(1):3–14, 2005). Leighton and Moitra (Discrete Comput. Geom. 44(3):686–705, 2010) recently settled this conjecture positively. One main drawback of this approach is that the coordinates of the virtual locations require Ω(nlogn) bits to represent (the same space usage as traditional routing table approaches). This makes greedy routing infeasible in applications.
Relations Among Maternal Literacy Beliefs, Home Literacy Practices, and the Emergent Literacy Skills of Preschoolers With Specific Language Impairment

Self-reported maternal literacy beliefs and home literacy practices were compared for families of children with typicially developing language skills (TL, n = 52) and specific language impairment (SLI, n = 56). Additionally, the present work examined whether maternal beliefs and practices predicted children's print-related knowledge. Mothers filled out 2 questionnaires asking about their literacy beliefs and practices while children's print-related knowledge was assessed directly. Results indicated that mothers of children with SLI held somewhat less positive beliefs about literacy and reported engaging in fewer literacy practices compared to mothers of children with TL. For the entire sample, maternal literacy practices and beliefs predicted children's print-related knowledge, although much of this association was accounted for by maternal education. Subgroup analyses focused specifically on children with SLI showed there to be no relation between maternal literacy beliefs and practices and children's pr...
Applications of Ion Laser Systems

This paper provides an introduction to the more common applications of ion laser systems. Applications discussed include photocoagulation, flow cytometry, laser disk mastering, laser doppler velocimetry, Raman spectroscopy, holography, laser light shows, large screen projection, fingerprint detection, and applications in printing such as color separation and scanning. All these applications are currently in widespread use. At the end of the paper a short review is provided of developing applications such as cardiovascular surgery and semiconductor processing.
On non-linear systems, additive feedback, and rationality

Abstract The problem of stabilizing a nonlinear system by the application of additive output feedback is considered. It is shown that if an infective recursive system σ can be so stabilized, then it must be rational, namely, it must be possible to express σ as a ratio Y. = PQ-l of two stable and recursive systems P and Q.
A Generic Pattern for Modifying Traditional PDE Solvers to Exploit Heterogeneity in Asynchronous Behavior

This paper describes an activity based design pattern for solving partial differential equations. The pattern can be applied to any explicit or implicit single-step numerical method to construct an asynchronous modification with improved execution performance. For explicit methods, the modification results in no loss of accuracy while for implicit methods, we show how accuracy can be controlled by several parameters. To illustrate the approach we show how to apply the design pattern to standard single step methods for simulating the advection and diffusion problems in one dimension and demonstrate significant execution time reduction with minimal loss of accuracy compared to the original methods. We conclude by relating the concept of activity as employed in this paper to that discussed in earlier work and relate the design pattern to the existing DEVS-based quantization approaches.
Potential impact of Chironomus plumosus larvae on hypolimnetic oxygen in the central basin of Lake Erie

Previous studies have indicated that burrow-irrigating infauna can increase sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and impact hypolimnetic oxygen in stratified lakes. We conducted laboratory microcosm experiments and computer simulations with larvae of the burrowing benthic midge Chironomus plumosus to quantify burrow oxygen uptake rates and subsequent contribution to sediment oxygen demand in central Lake Erie. Burrow oxygen uptake and water flow velocities through burrows were measured using oxygen microelectrodes and hot film anemometry, respectively. Burrow oxygen consumption averaged 2.66 × 10− 10 (SE = ± 7.82 × 10− 11) mol O2/burrow/s at 24 °C and 9.64 × 10− 10 (SE = ± 4.86 × 10− 10) mol O2/burrow/s at 15 °C. In sealed microcosm experiments, larvae increased SOD 500% at 24 °C (density = 1508/m2) and 375% at 15 °C (density = 864/m2). To further evaluate effects of densities of C. plumosus burrows on SOD we developed a 3-D transport reaction model of the process. Using experimental data and chironomid abundance data in faunal surveys in 2009 and 2010, we estimated that bioirrigation by a population of 140 larvae/m2 could account for between 2.54 × 10− 11 mol/L/s (model results) and 5.58 × 10− 11 mol/L/s (experimental results) of the average 4.22 × 10− 11 mol/L/s oxygen depletion rate between 1970 and 2003, which could have accounted for 60–132% of the oxygen decline. At present, it appears that the population density of this species may be an important factor in development of hypoxic or anoxic conditions in central Lake Erie.
MIGRATION AND PREMARITAL CHILDBEARING AMONG PUERTO RICAN WOMEN

This paper examines the relationship between migration and premarital childbearing in a highly migratory Latino subgroup, Puerto Rican women. Using pooled origin-destination data from surveys conducted in Puerto Rico and in the New York metropolitan area, we find that first- and second-generation migrants to the u.s. mainland face substantially higher risks of conceiving and bearing a first child before marriage than do nonmigrants in Puerto Rico. This pattern is due largely to the relatively early transition to sexual activity among mainland women. Given the negative long-term consequences of premarital childbearing for women and their children, our findings call into question the assumption that migrants necessarily experience only positive outcomes as a result of the assimilation process.