cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Promise of Informed Consent

This chapter examines the challenges that need to be addressed before the promise of informed consent can be realized. It begins by tracing the evolution of physicians’ duty to secure a patient’s informed consent before turning to two seminal cases that established what physicians must disclose to patients to satisfy the duty of informed consent: Culbertson v. Mernitz and Canterbury v. Spence. In particular, it considers two competing standards for determining the scope of disclosure: the professional or “reasonable physician” standard and the patient-centered or “reasonable patient” standard. It also explores the application of duties to secure informed consent to medical research, along with criticisms against the duty to secure informed consent. Finally, it describes the efforts of state legislatures to standardize disclosure to patients so as to reduce the burden on and legal risk to physicians without compromising the right of patients to receive needed information.
Operationalizing Social Justice in Social Studies Education

ABSTRACTAlthough social justice is an overarching goal of most every department of teacher education, college of education, and US College or University, it is rarely an identified goal for K–12 schools. We contend that the field of social studies education also substantively focuses on social justice, and as such, this article clarifies the ways in which classrooms can provide a social justice education. In particular, we explore the role of dispositions, reflective thinking, and controversial issues, and the ways in which they position students to understand, confront, and undermine social injustices. Finally, we provide specific curricular ideas and points of departure for middle school and high school social studies teachers to operationalize social justice education within their classes.
Pathophysiology of Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis

Fibrogenesis is a multistage pathological process leading to scarring of virtually any organ. Fibrosis is characterized by disruption of normal tissue architecture and its replacement with stiff collagen-rich connective tissue. The process results in progressive functional impairment, culminating in organ failure. Fibrosis is the hallmark of scleroderma, as well as a large and heterogeneous collection of human diseases. In these conditions, fibrosis represents the end result of a complex series of vascular and immune-mediated responses to chronic or recurrent injury in a genetically predisposed individual. As illustrated in Fig. 18.1, injured activated vascular, epithelial, and immune cells generate soluble mediators, functional autoantibodies, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that serve as cues for mesenchymal cells to induce their sustained activation, differentiation, and survival, leading to excessive matrix deposition, tissue stiffness, and, ultimately, fibrosis. While fibrosis is potentially reversible, effective therapies to prevent or repair fibrosis are not yet available.
Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of food addiction in persons with obesity seeking weight reduction

Abstract Introduction Food addiction is a controversial concept. The potential influence of food addiction on patients' psychosocial functioning and well-being has not been well established. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between psychosocial functioning (depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life [HRQOL]) and food addiction as measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). We also explored whether food addiction contributed additional variance in explaining psychosocial functioning, beyond demographic and clinical factors (e.g., binge eating). Methods The sample included 178 participants (mean age = 44.2 ± 11.2 years; BMI = 40.9 ± 5.9 kg/m2; 88.2% female; 70.8% Black) with obesity seeking treatment for weight loss. Participants completed the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite, Patient Health Questionnaire, YFAS, and Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-5. Results Twelve (6.7%) participants met criteria for food addiction, with 4 (33.3%) of these participants having co-occurring binge eating disorder. After adjusting for covariates, the number of food addiction symptoms accounted for 6.5% to 16.3% of additional variance in general HRQOL, 5.0% to 21.5% in weight-related HRQOL, and 19.1% in symptoms of depression. Conclusions In this treatment-seeking sample of participants, we found a low prevalence of food addiction, suggesting that addictive-like eating is unlikely to be a causal mechanism for most people with obesity. However, individuals who met criteria for food addiction had reduced psychosocial functioning compared to those who did not meet criteria. Individuals with addictive-like eating may require additional psychosocial support.
Myeloma: management of the newly diagnosed high-risk patient

Although there have been many definitions for high-risk (HR) myeloma, most recent consensus for classifying risk in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NMM) comes from the International Myeloma Working Group. This recently published revised International Staging System includes del(17p) or t(4;14) by fluorescence in situ hybridization, β-2 microglobulin, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase. These elements should be captured in all NMM patients. The optimal treatments for HR myeloma have not been fully worked out; therefore, these patients should be considered for clinical trials. Outside of the trial setting for those patients who are not eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), a regimen with bortezomib, but not thalidomide, should be considered, with a duration of therapy of at least 1 year. The regimen with the best results to date is bortezomib, melphalan, and predisone. A nonthalidomide maintenance could also be considered. In patients who are eligible for ASCT, an induction regimen with bortezomib and an immunomodulatory drug should be administered for 3 to 6 months followed by 2 ASCTs. Finally, a consolidation/maintenance regimen containing at least 1 year of bortezomib should be administered followed by maintenance thereafter. For patient convenience, an oral agent that is not thalidomide could be prescribed as maintenance. Finally, in patients with HR myeloma, allogeneic SCT may be associated with reasonable outcomes, but this too will require further research.
Risk factors attributed to fatal fixed-object crashes on noninterstate roads

ABSTRACTThis study aims at identifying risk factors attributed to fatal fixed-object crashes on noninterstate roads. Logistic regression modeling was used to understand the relation or extent of the effect of selected independent variables on fatal fixed-object crashes on noninterstate roads. A total of 30 independent variables were considered in this study. At a 95% confidence interval, nine independent variables were found to play a statistically significant role on fatal fixed-object crashes on noninterstate roads. The probability of getting involved in a fatal fixed-object crash on noninterstate roads with full access control is lower compared to noninterstate roads with no access control. Rolling terrain reduces the probability of getting involved in a noninterstate fatal fixed-object crash. Older drivers are more likely to be killed in a noninterstate fatal fixed-object crash. Drivers under the influence of alcohol are four times more likely to be killed in a noninterstate fatal fixed-object crash c...
Spatial-Semantic Image Search by Visual Feature Synthesis

The performance of image retrieval has been improved tremendously in recent years through the use of deep feature representations. Most existing methods, however, aim to retrieve images that are visually similar or semantically relevant to the query, irrespective of spatial configuration. In this paper, we develop a spatial-semantic image search technology that enables users to search for images with both semantic and spatial constraints by manipulating concept text-boxes on a 2D query canvas. We train a convolutional neural network to synthesize appropriate visual features that captures the spatial-semantic constraints from the user canvas query. We directly optimize the retrieval performance of the visual features when training our deep neural network. These visual features then are used to retrieve images that are both spatially and semantically relevant to the user query. The experiments on large-scale datasets such as MS-COCO and Visual Genome show that our method outperforms other baseline and state-of-the-art methods in spatial-semantic image search.
Quantum dot in interacting environments

A quantum impurity attached to an interacting quantum wire gives rise to an array of new phenomena. Using the Bethe Ansatz we solve exactly models describing two geometries of a quantum dot coupled to an interacting quantum wire: a quantum dot that is (i) side coupled and (ii) embedded in a Luttinger liquid. We find the eigenstates and determine the spectrum through the Bethe Ansatz equations. Using this we derive exact expressions for the ground-state dot occupation. The thermodynamics are then studied using the thermodynamics Bethe Ansatz equations. It is shown that at low energies the dot becomes fully hybridized and acts as a backscattering impurity or tunnel junction depending on the geometry and furthermore that the two geometries are related by changing the sign of the interactions. Although remaining strongly coupled for all values of the interaction in the wire, there exists competition between the tunneling and backscattering leading to a suppression or enhancement of the dot occupation depending on the sign of the bulk interactions.
Optimal Facility-Specific Inspection and Maintenance Decisions under Measurement Uncertainty: Unifying Framework

AbstractMonitoring and maintaining a system of degradable infrastructure facilities imposes considerable costs on transportation agencies. To find the optimal timing and type of maintenance, rehabi...
Molecular interpretation of the moduli of elastomeric polymer networks of known structure

The most general molecular theory of rubberlike elasticity is reviewed as a preliminary to its use in the interpretation and understanding of the moduli of model elastomeric materials, i.e., polymer networks prepared in such a way that their structure is relatively well known. Applications are made to both perfect and imperfect networks, with critical evaluation of evidence possibly attributable to equilibrium elastic contributions from interchain entanglements. The relevance and importance of branching theory is covered in some detail.
Alcohol fuel tax policy: sugar, corn and the environment.

The United States has several tax and investment incentives for ethanol production. These include the federal alcohol mixture credit, federal excise tax exemption and tariff protection on imported ethanol fuel The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the impacts of the federal, ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) tax credit upon the production of sugarcane and sugar beets in the United States. This new federal regulation provides tax incentives for producing ethanol from sugar crops when it is combined with isobutylene to produce ETBE. It is shown that the ETBE tax credit will have no effect upon the production of sugar crops in the United States for the following reasons: (1) the ETBE tax credit is merely a minor extension of a long list of other tax incentives and subsidies put in place to promote ethanol production from sugar crops; (2) the ETBE tax credit, as well as all the other related tax incentives and subsidies, has not had direct stimulus upon the production of ethanol from domestically produced sugarcane or sugar beets; (3) the current U.S. sugar program inhibits the production of ethanol from sugarcane and sugar beets because it provides both a price support and a price lid at levels too attractive to divert sugar crops from the production of high value sugar to the production of relatively low value ethanol; and (4) the ETBE tax credit is not expected to increase the prices of corn, corn sweeteners and/or sugar. Moreover, there will be no increase in sugarcane or sugar beets acreage as a direct result of the impacts of the ETBE tax credit on the production of corn-based ethanol.
Observations of the 1987 outburst of AO 0235+164

The BL Lacer tae o b j e c t AO 0235+164 (AO) has been observed from Rosemary H i l l obse rva to r y (RHO) s ince 1975. I t has e x h i b i t e d o p t i c a l l y v i o l e n t v a r i a t i o n s w i t h a b r i g h t n e s s range o£ 5.5 magni tudes. E x c e p t i o n a l l y r a p i d , h i g h a m p l i t u d e o u t b u r s t s were seen In 1975 ( O ' D e l l e t a l . 1977) and 1979 (P ica , Smith and Po l l ock 1980). Since the 1979 even t , no major o u t b u r s t s were de tec ted £=om RHO u n t i l the e a r l y 1987 event repo r ted here .
ALAIN LOCKE AND COMMUNITY

Locke consistently argues for the importance of cosmopolitan identity, i.e., “cultural-citizenship.” Paradoxically, he also argues for the importance of particular, local, and racial/ethnic identities. People have a natural instinct that Locke terms a consciousness of kind, to bond with persons in relatively closed communities. Communities are not natural social groups for Locke, but historical social constructions. I argue that Locke's ethical and conceptual paradox is revolved by considering the relationship between instincts and particular social groups as asymmetrical; that groups are inherently constructed, and thus require continual revaluation. Particular communities are, at best, Gemeinschaft.
Nitrogen Partitioning and Remobilization in Arabidopsis Under Sufficient and Depleted Conditions

Nitrogen is the essential nutrient most limiting to plant productivity. Two of the critical steps limiting the efficient use of nitrogen are the ability of plants to acquire it from applied fertilizers followed by the efficient remobilization of accumulated nitrogen from source to sink tissues. In order to characterize the contributions of these processes to nitrogen utilization by plants and how the expression of certain genes may influence these steps, a hydroponic-based nitrogen depletion method was developed to evaluate genetic efficacy of both phases of nitrogen metabolism, accumulation, and remobilization, in Arabidopsis thaliana. The method was tested under short and long days and it was found that short-day (10 h) conditions were effective in increasing nitrogen storage in source tissues more than long day, allowing differences in as low as 1 week of treatment initiation of nitrogen depletion to show exponential changes in seed yield. Under these conditions, plants were grown for seven weeks in sufficient N solution, where a subset of the population was harvested to determine basal N allocation. Half of the remaining plants remained in N sufficient conditions, while the rest were subjected to progressive N depletion conditions to determine the ability to remobilize nitrogen when supply is eliminated. At growth stage (GS) 9.7, effect of N treatments on total N, nitrate, seed yield, and biomass allocation was evaluated under N sufficient and N depletion conditions. Plants transformed with one of two genes [12S seed storage globulin precursor as antisense orientation (At1g07750) and a hypothetical protein as sense orientation (At3g49550)], that were previously identified among others to impact Arabidopsis tolerance to insufficient nitrogen levels, were characterized by the hydroponic method for their impact on nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in Arabidopsis. Phenotypic and metabolic analysis showed that the gene encoding the 12S seed storage globulin precursor has improved accumulation, assimilation, and remobilization, leading to increased seed yield under N depletion conditions. Conversely, the hypothetical protein has improved accumulation in vegetative tissues, but reduced assimilation and remobilization, leading to reduced seed yield. The results from this research help improve our understanding of how plants improve their efficiency to assimilate and translocate nitrogen when they face environmental stress factors that affect their ability to accumulate nitrogen from the surrounding environment.
What Is the Value of Different Zika Vaccination Strategies to Prevent and Mitigate Zika Outbreaks

BACKGROUND While the 2015-2016 Zika epidemics prompted accelerated vaccine development, decision makers need to know the potential economic value of vaccination strategies. METHODS We developed models of Honduras, Brazil, and Puerto Rico, simulated targeting different populations for Zika vaccination (women of childbearing age, school-aged children, young adults, and everyone) and then introduced various Zika outbreaks. Sensitivity analyses varied vaccine characteristics. RESULTS With a 2% attack rate ($5 vaccination), compared to no vaccination, vaccinating women of childbearing age cost $314-$1664 per case averted ($790-$4221/disability-adjusted life-year [DALY] averted) in Honduras, and saved $847-$1644/case averted in Brazil, and $3648-$4177/case averted in Puerto Rico, varying with vaccination coverage and efficacy (societal perspective). Vaccinating school-aged children cost $718-$1849/case averted (≤$5002/DALY averted) in Honduras, saved $819-$1609/case averted in Brazil, and saved $3823-$4360/case averted in Puerto Rico. Vaccinating young adults cost $310-$1666/case averted ($731-$4017/DALY averted) in Honduras, saved $953-$1703/case averted in Brazil, and saved $3857-$4372/case averted in Puerto Rico. Vaccinating everyone averted more cases but cost more, decreasing cost savings per case averted. Vaccination resulted in more cost savings and better outcomes at higher attack rates. CONCLUSIONS When considering transmission, while vaccinating everyone naturally averted the most cases, specifically targeting women of childbearing age or young adults was the most cost-effective.
Historical Measures of Economic Output

This chapter begins with an overview of the logic and conceptual underpinnings of national income and product measures (part I). Part II describes developments beginning in the 1930s that led to the modern approaches and conventions regarding how we should measure these aggregates. Part III reviews contributions made by quantitative economists, new economic historians, and Cliometricians to our understanding of economic epochs prior to the second half of the twentieth century. The principal focus is on the United States, although there is some reference to developments in other countries.
Insights into deep, onshore Gulf of Mexico Wilcox sandstone pore networks and reservoir quality through the integration of petrographic, porosity and permeability, and mercury injection capillary pressure analyses

In the Paleocene to Eocene Wilcox Group in the northern Gulf of Mexico, exploration targets are reaching into deep to ultradeep burial depths. At these great depths, reservoir quality (porosity and permeability) becomes an important risk factor in determining the chance of encountering an economic reservoir. Major controls on reservoir quality are pore types and abundances, pore-throat sizes, and pore network composition. These factors can be analyzed by integrating petrographic, core plug porosity and permeability, and mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) analyses. The Wilcox sandstones are mostly lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites that contain primary interparticle pores, secondary dissolution pores, and micropores. However, these pore types evolve with depth and temperature. As temperature increases, the relative abundance of primary interparticle pores decreases, whereas the relative abundance of secondary dissolution pores and nano- to micropores increases. Associated with this evolution of pore networks with increasing temperature, there is a decrease in reservoir quality. This decrease in reservoir quality is caused by a transition to finer pore-throat sizes that correspond to changes in pore types. Petrographic analysis provides information on pore types, core plug porosity and permeability analysis provides information on volume of pores and effectiveness of flow, and MICP analysis provides information on pore-throat radius distribution. Through forecasting the pore network in the target temperature zone, a realistic porosity versus permeability transform can be selected to estimate permeability from wire-line log porosity.
Histone deacetylase 6 regulates endothelial MyD88-dependent canonical TLR signaling, lung inflammation, and alveolar remodeling in the developing lung.

Lung endothelial cell (EC) immune activation during bacterial sepsis contributes to acute lung injury and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. The epigenetic regulators of sepsis-induce...
Polarization diversity phase modulator for measuring frequency-bin entanglement of biphoton frequency combs in in a depolarized channel

We report frequency-bin entanglement measurements of arbitrarily polarized photon pairs using a polarization diversity phase modulator, thereby extending this technique to depolarized channels such as in a practical quantum networking environment.
Criteria for classifying forecasting methods

Abstract Classifying forecasting methods as being either of a “machine learning” or “statistical” nature has become commonplace in parts of the forecasting literature and community, as exemplified by the M4 competition and the conclusion drawn by the organizers. We argue that this distinction does not stem from fundamental differences in the methods assigned to either class. Instead, this distinction is probably of a tribal nature, which limits the insights into the appropriateness and effectiveness of different forecasting methods. We provide alternative characteristics of forecasting methods which, in our view, allow to draw meaningful conclusions. Further, we discuss areas of forecasting which could benefit most from cross-pollination between the ML and the statistics communities.
The Relationship Between Grit and Resilience in Emergency Medical Service Personnel

Background: Emergency medical service (EMS) personnel are regularly exposed to traumatic incidents and experience higher rates of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than the general population. Grit is a construct proposed to be associated with achievement, but it has demonstrated preliminary evidence of an association with resilience. The current study examined the relationship between grit and resilience among EMS workers. Methods: A link to an online survey was sent to East Baton Rouge Parish Emergency Medical Services personnel via an email distribution list. Demographic variables and the following self-report measures were assessed: the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), the Grit Scale, the Brief COPE scale, and the Professional Exposure to Traumatic Experiences scale (modified from the Life Events Checklist). Results: PCL-5 scores were significantly and negatively correlated with the Grit Scale score (r=-0.57, P<0.01). Hierarchical regression revealed that grit and coping mechanisms were predictive of self-reported PTSD symptoms (adjusted R2=68.7%, F(15,67)=9.81, P<0.001). Examination of the coefficients revealed that lower total Grit Scale scores and higher scores on the following Brief COPE scales were significant predictors of PCL-5 scores: denial, substance abuse, disengagement, and self-blame. Conclusion: This study examined the relationship between grit and resilience, measured by self-reported PTSD symptoms. Our results demonstrate a significant relationship between grit and resilience. Grit is related to, but distinct from, other constructs that predict resilience, such as coping mechanisms. Large prospective studies could have significant implications for hiring practices and building grit in existing personnel to bolster resilience.
Essential Role for the Legionella pneumophila Rep Helicase Homologue in Intracellular Infection of Mammalian Cells

We have previously isolated 32 mutants of Legionella pneumophila that are defective in the infection of mammalian cells but not protozoa. The mutated loci have been designated macrophage-specific infectivity (mil) loci. In this study we characterized the mil mutant GK11. This mutant was incapable of growth within U937 macrophage-like cells and WI-26 alveolar epithelial cells. This defect in intracellular replication correlated with a defect in cytopathogenicity to these cells. Sequence analysis of the GK11 locus revealed it to be highly similar to rep helicase genes of other bacteria. Since helicase mutants of Escherichia coli are hypersensitive to thymine starvation, we examined the sensitivity of GK11 to thymineless death (TLD). In the absence of thymine and thymidine, mutant GK11 did not undergo TLD but was defective for in vitro growth, and the defect was partially restored when these compounds were added to the growth medium. In addition, supplementation with thymidine or thymine partially restored the ability of GK11 to grow within and kill U937 macrophage-like cells. The data suggested that the low levels of thymine or thymidine in the L. pneumophila phagosome contributed to the defect of GK11 within macrophages. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we determined the effect of the mutation in the Rep helicase homologue on the intracellular trafficking of GK11 within macrophages. In contrast to the wild-type strain, phagosomes harboring GK11 colocalized with several late endosomal/lysosomal markers, including LAMP-1, LAMP-2, and cathepsin D. In addition, only 50% of the GK11 phagosomes colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum marker BiP 4 h postinfection. Colocalization of BiP with GK11 phagosomes was absent 6 h postinfection, while 90% of the wild-type phagosomes colocalized with this marker at both time points. We propose that the low level of thymine within the L. pneumophila phagosome in combination with simultaneous exposure to multiple stress stimuli results in deleterious mutations that cannot be repaired in the rep helicase homologue mutant, rendering it defective in intracellular replication.
Incidence of Meningococcal Disease Before and After Implementation of Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in the United States

Importance In 2005, the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended routine quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY) vaccine for all adolescents aged 11 to 12 years, and in 2010, a booster dose for adolescents aged 16 years. Measuring the association between MenACWY vaccination and the incidence of meningococcal disease in adolescents is critical for evaluating the adolescent vaccination program and informing future vaccine policy. Objective To describe the association between MenACWY vaccination and the incidence of meningococcal disease in US adolescents. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, analysis of surveillance data included all confirmed and probable cases ofNeisseria meningitidisreported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2017. Statistical analysis was conducted from October 1, 2018, to August 31, 2019. Exposures Routine MenACWY vaccination among US adolescents. Main Outcomes and Measures Poisson segmented regression analysis was used to model the annual incidence of meningococcal disease among adolescents aged 11 to 15 years and 16 to 22 years before the introduction of the MenACWY vaccine (2000-2005), after the primary dose recommendation (2006-2010), and after the booster dose recommendation (2011-2017); 95% CIs were used to determine significant differences between time periods. Results The national incidence of meningococcal disease declined from 0.61 cases per 100 000 population during the prevaccine period (2000-2005) to 0.15 cases per 100 000 population during the post–booster dose period (2011-2017). The greatest percentage decline was observed for serogroup C, W, and Y combined (CWY) among adolescents aged 11 to 15 years and 16 to 22 years in the periods after vaccine introduction. Incidence of serogroup CWY meningococcal disease among adolescents aged 11 to 15 years decreased by 16.3% (95% CI, 12.1%-20.3%) annually during the prevaccine period and 27.8% (95% CI, 20.6%-34.4%) during the post–primary dose period (P = .02); among adolescents aged 16 to 22 years, the incidence decreased by 10.6% (95% CI, 6.8%-14.3%) annually in the post–primary dose period and 35.6% (95% CI, 29.3%-41.0%) annually in the post–booster dose period (P Conclusions and Relevance After introduction of a primary and booster MenACWY dose, the rates of decline in incidence of meningococcal disease due to serogroup C, W, or Y accelerated nearly 2-fold to 3-fold in vaccinated adolescent age groups. Although the MenACWY vaccine alone cannot explain the decline of meningococcal disease in the United States, these data suggest that MenACWY vaccination is associated with reduced disease rates in adolescents.
Exploring Dynamic Creativity in Accountability Cultures

Creativity advances human development and societies through creative risk-taking, problem-solving, expression, innovation, novelty, usefulness, collaboration, and effectiveness. Dynamic creativity changes situations and is changed by them—it enables transformation even in accountability-bound cultures and repressive policy climates. As evidenced by emergent research, creativity under duress in education is a pressing contemporary issue. Educators’ perspectives on creativity in accountability-driven educational environments can provide important insights. The thrust of this longitudinal glocal study is people’s capacity for experiencing, expressing, and enlivening creativity in such places. In this chapter, unique elements comprising the pedagogic research are also discussed: (1) transnational education aspect presented as detailed case studies, (2) methodological framework for applying and extending the Four C Model of Creativity, and (3) inclusion of Hidden-c for empowering self-discovery.
ANALISIS PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI,GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN

Abstrak Pada tesis ini penulis meneliti tentang budaya organisasi, gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, kepuasan kerja dan kinerja karyawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh budaya organisasi, gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT BPR Segara Anak Kencana Aikmel Lombok NTB. Untuk menguji permasalahan tersebut, kuesioner disebarkan pada 84 karyawan PT BPR Segara Anak Kencana Aikmel Lombok NTB. Data yang terkumpul kemudian diolah menggunakan program komputer yaitu SPSS versi 20. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif rentang nilai dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT BPR Segara Anak Kencana Aikmel Lombok NTB, gaya kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT BPR Segara Anak Kencana Aikmel Lombok NTB dan kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT BPR Segara Anak Kencana Aikmel Lombok NTB Kata kunci: Budaya Organisasi, Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Kepuasan Kerja, Kinerja.
Femtosecond optical response of low temperature grown In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As

A femtosecond, tunable color center laser was used to conduct degenerate pump-probe transmission spectroscopy of thin film low temperature grown molecular beam epitaxy In0.53Ga0.47As samples. Low temperature molecular beam epitaxy In0.53Ga0.47As exhibits a growth-temperature dependent femtosecond optical response when probed near the conduction band edge. Below Tg=250°C, the optical response time of the material is subpicosecond in duration, and we observed induced absorption, which we suggest is due to the formation of a quasi-“three-level system”.
Future Procedures for Isolation of Higher Fullerenes in Natural and Synthetic Soot

We describe the extraction methodologies for the isolation of fullerenes in synthetic “Graphitic Smokes” soot. These same methods were used to isolate natural fullerenes in some carbonaceous chondrite meteorites and in meteor impact-related sedimentary deposits previously described in the literature. In addition, a new functionalizatoin methodology that significantly enhances the yield of fullerenes extracted in synthetic fullerene material (up to 20% fullerene) will be discussed. Both laser desorption-mass spectrometry and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize fullerenes extracted from the synthetic soot. These extraction methods promise to reveal new insights on the encapsulaton of noble gases in a variety of fullerene and fullerene-related structures up to C1000.
Reducing quantization error in low-energy FIR filter accelerators

Computational energy versus computational precision represents a critical implementation-level tradeoff facing embedded DSP systems. Focusing on multiply-accumulate (MAC) hardware, which is used extensively in DSP implementations (e.g., FIR filtering), this paper proposes an approach that exploits floating-point representation of multipliers to enable optimization of their quantization error. The approach introduces a parameter α for coefficient scaling, and optimizes α to minimize the output error. Applied to FIR filters with coefficient representation of 6 bits, the approach reduces the quantization error by 37×, compared to traditional, linear-quantized fixed-point coefficient representation and by 28×, compared to unoptimized floating-point coefficient representation. Further, the energy and hardware gate-count of a MAC unit is reduced by 1.4× and 1.2×, respectively, compared to an implementation based on fixed-point representation.
Fatty Acid-requiring Mutant of Bacillus subtilis Defective in Branched Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase

A new mutant of Bacillus subtilis is described lacking the activity of branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase. The mutant requires short branched chain fatty acids biosynthetically related to leucine, isoleucine, and valine for growth. Long branched chain fatty acids derived from these short "primer" molecules can also serve as growth factors. One type of branched chain fatty acid, however, is sufficient to support growth of the mutant at 37°, although wild type cells of B. subtilis normally contain three different pairs of long branched chain fatty acids. Therefore, this mutant allows extensive alterations of the fatty acid composition in membranes of B. subtilis. Straight chain fatty acids do not support growth. Out of a series of tested analogues, 2-methylvalerate, 2-ethyl butyrate, and trimethylacetate were found to be active in vivo as primer molecules of branched chain fatty acid biosynthesis. The chain-lengthened products derived from these primer substrates were characterized by mass spectrometry.
Polyene-Resistant Mutants of Aspergillus fennelliae: Sterol Content and Genetics

Mutants of Aspergillus fennelliae (Neosartorya fennelliae) resistant to relatively high levels of amphotericin B and low levels of nystatin were obtained by successive transfers of wild type in the presence of increasing concentrations of the polyenes. The resistance of the mutants to the polyenes was accompanied by both qualitative and quantitative changes in the sterol composition of the cells. Those resistant to amphotericin B (AF5-AB1 and p-AB1) lacked ergosterol, the major sterol of the wild type, but contained a new sterol clearly distinguished by the pattern of ultraviolet spectrophotometry and thin-layer chromatography. The mutants resistant to nystatin, however, contained both ergosterol and a new sterol, but the former was produced in a much reduced amount, as compared with the wild type. Genetic analysis indicated that the lack of ergosterol is closely associated with a reduced growth rate, poor asexual reproduction, and the loss of sexual reproduction. Growth studies revealed that the addition of ergosterol to the media did not affect the growth pattern of the mutants. Mutants resistant to amphotericin B showed an increased minimal inhibitory concentration for nystatin, pimaricin, and filipin. Mutants resistant to nystatin, however, conferred increased minimal inhibitory concentration for pimaricin and filipin but not for amphotericin B.
Theories of liquid helium three

Abstract It is suggested that Landau's theory of a Fermi liquid may be useful if the lifetime, τ, of a quasi particle is much longer than the duration, τ c , of a collision. This condition allows the theory to be used for liquid He 3 at temperatures up to 0.3°K. The quasi-particle scattering amplitudes are calculated in the ladder approximation and it is shown that it is not possible to fit the velocity of sound and susceptibility of liquid He 3 unless the interaction between quasi particles is significantly different from the interaction between two isolated helium atoms. The results suggest that the effective interaction is on average, repulsive for particles scattering in relative D -states, and, therefore, show why the predicted second order phase transition has not yet been observed in liquid He 3 . The simple theory predicts a sharp decrease in the transport properties of a Fermi liquid immediately above the critical temperature T c for a second order phase transition. The effect would be difficult to observe in superconducting metals but could be seen in liquid He 3 if T c does not turn out to be too low.
On the Capacity of Memoryless Rewritable Storage Channels

A number of modern storage technologies, when written to, exhibit substantial variability in the outcome of a write action. It is possible to mitigate the effect of the write uncertainty through the use of a feedback loop that rewrites the memory whenever judged necessary, in effect reshaping the write noise. This scheme highlights a tradeoff between the storage capacity of the memory and the cost of writing to it, measured for example in the number of rewrites. We have developed the model of a rewritable channel to provide an explicit form for this tradeoff and study other performance characteristics of such memories. In this paper, we describe some initial results on the information-theoretic analysis of the rewritable channel. We first consider the problem of determining the capacity of this channel with input cost constraints, and obtain a variety of results from which we extract insights that we believe are of value to memory designers. Our results include an upper bound on capacity of the form $\log\left(\Gamma\kappa\right)$ , where $\Gamma$ is a constant that can be easily calculated from the channel's statistics and $\kappa$ is an average cost parameter. We also provide a lower bound on capacity with a similar form. We analyze the particular case of uniform write noise in detail, obtaining a closed form expression for the capacity-cost tradeoff for all possible cost parameters. We explore this formula from the capacity per unit cost perspective and establish that in order to achieve optimal energy and memory-wear per bit, it is sometimes strictly better to take advantage of the rewriting capability as opposed to writing only once; this observation has significant practical implications. We also include a discussion of the relevance of our work to real emerging memory technologies.
Dynamic alteration of soluble serum biomarkers in healthy aging

Dysbalanced production of inflammatory cytokines is involved in immunosenescence in aging. The age-related changes of the levels of circulating inflammatory mediators and their clinical importance have not been investigated until recently. Still, little is known about the influence of aging on circulating levels of many cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and angiogenic factors. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of aging on 30 different serum biomarkers involved in pro- and anti-inflammatory responses using multianalyte LabMAP Luminex technology. The simultaneous measurement of serological markers has been done in 397 healthy subjects between 40 and 80 years old. We demonstrated an increase in serum interferon-gamma-inducible chemokines (MIG and IP-10), eotaxin, chemoattractant for eosinophils, and soluble TNFR-II with advancing age. Serum levels of EGFR and EGF, important regulators of cell growth and differentiation, were decreased with age in healthy donors. These data suggest novel pathways, which may be involved in age-associated immunosenescence.
Mechanistic Understanding of Translational Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationships in Nonclinical Tumor Models: A Case Study of Orally Available Novel Inhibitors of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase

The orally available novel small molecules PF06463922 [(10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile] and PF06471402 [(10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(azeno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclo-tetradecine-3-carbonitrile] are second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors targeted to both naive and resistant patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to the first-generation ALK inhibitor crizotinib. The objectives of the present study were to characterize and compare the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) relationships of PF06463922 and PF06471402 for target modulation in tumor and antitumor efficacy in athymic mice implanted with H3122 NSCLC cells expressing a crizotinib-resistant echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK mutation, EML4-ALK(L1196M). Furthermore, the PKPD relationships for these ALK inhibitors were evaluated and compared between oral administration and subcutaneous constant infusion (i.e., between different pharmacokinetic [PK] profiles). Oral and subcutaneous PK profiles of these ALK inhibitors were adequately described by a one-compartment PK model. An indirect response model extended with a modulator fit the time courses of PF06463922- and PF06471402-mediated target modulation (i.e., ALK phosphorylation) with an estimated unbound EC50,in vivo of 36 and 20 nM, respectively, for oral administration, and 100 and 69 nM, respectively, for subcutaneous infusion. A drug-disease model based on the turnover concept fit tumor growth curves inhibited by PF06463922 and PF06471402 with estimated unbound tumor stasis concentrations of 51 and 27 nM, respectively, for oral administration, and 116 and 70 nM, respectively, for subcutaneous infusion. Thus, the EC50,in vivo to EC60,in vivo estimates for ALK inhibition corresponded to the concentrations required tumor stasis in all cases, suggesting that the pharmacodynamic relationships of target modulation to antitumor efficacy were consistent among the ALK inhibitors, even when the PK profiles with different administration routes were considerably different.
Understanding quality of life in a northern, rural climate

The availability of community amenities, including physical, social, and service amenities, is expected to add to the quality of life (QOL) of residents. The study had 1417 residents of northern New England rate the availability and importance of 18 amenities in their community and also rate their QOL. Multivariate analysis found that accounting for amenity importance mediates the impact on QOL of amenity availability. In most cases, these estimates are biased upward. Implications for community development include the need to account for residents' perceptions of the importance of amenities before concluding that a community needs more of something in order to improve residents' QOL.
A Wall on the Lesbian Continuum: Polysemy and Fried Green Tomatoes

The film Fried Green Tomatoes (1991) uses a type of polysemy, strategic ambiguity, to transform a lesbian relationship from the novel Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe to a sexually ambiguous relationship. Through textual and audience analysis, I demonstrate that audience members are unlikely to interpret the relationship as a lesbian relationship unless they define lesbianism as identity as opposed to merely as sexual behavior. Although the film illustrates the power of woman-identified experience, it rejects an opportunity to illustrate fully Adrienne Rich's (1986) “lesbian continuum” by refusing to compare explicitly a heterosexual female friendship with a lesbian relationship.
Processing and properties of Nb5Si3 and tough Nb5Si3/Nb laminates

Abstract Both mechanical alloying (MA) and reactive sintering (RS) techniques were successfully used to produce Nb 5 Si 3 . The homogeneity of the mechanically prealloyed powders and that of the NbSi powder blend before RS significantly affected the microstructures produced after hot-press consolidation. Model laminates of mechanically alloyed Nb 5 Si 3 and nominally pure niobium were prepared via vacuum hot pressing. Room temperature toughness tests were conducted inside a scanning electron microscope equipped with a deformation stage to evaluate the effect of the niobium reinforcement on the composite fracture behavior. Significant toughness increases were obtained in the laminates, while the niobium exhibited both cleavage and ductile fracture. These results are discussed in light of recent work on ductile phase toughening of brittle materials. It is also shown that the RS process may offer an alternative approach, other than in situ and arc melting and casting processes, for producing both monolithic and ductile-phase reinforced Nb 5 Si 3 .
Two novel acceptors in ultra-pure germanium: nature and interconversion

Abstract Experimental data on two shallow acceptors A4 and A3, 5 in pure germanium are presented. The two acceptors appear with concentrations up to ∾1011cm-3 always and only in ultra-pure germanium single crystals which have been grown in a pure N2 ambient from a melt contained in a graphite crucible. The bound excited state spectra of both acceptors are hydrogenic. The ground state of A4 is a Γ8 quadruplet while the A3, 5 acceptor exhibits a ground state manifold consisting of at least two Kramers doublets, one with Γ6 and the other with Γ7 symmetry. The energy splitting between the two doublets is 1.1meV and it is symmetric in relation to the position of the A4 ground state. Complete and reversible interconversion can be induced with appropriate thermal annealing. The experimental results suggest that A4 and A3, 5 are two forms of one center. Above 700K the A4 concentration decreases irreversibly following an exponential decay. Interconversion can be observed at any point during the irreversible annealing of the center.
Vicarious Experience: Experimentally Testing the Effects of Empathy for Media Characters with Severe Depression and the Intervening Role of Perceived Similarity

Informed by the findings in prior research, the current study experimentally tested the effects of empathy responses to different types of media characters on attitudes and support for people with depression. In a between-subjects experiment, participants (N = 80) were assigned to one of three conditions. Participants in the first condition read an article about a high-similarity character with severe depression, those in the second condition read an article about a low-similarity character with severe depression, and those in the control group did not read an article. Participants in all three conditions were then shown a stimulus website for a faux peer-support organization. The results indicated that the level of empathic responses, positive attitudes, and the likelihood of joining the organization and engaging in supportive behaviors increased for those who read about a socially similar person with depression.