cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fission Yeast dim1+ Encodes a Functionally Conserved Polypeptide Essential for Mitosis

In a screen for second site mutations capable of reducing the restrictive temperature of the fission yeast mutant cdc2-D217N, we have isolated a novel temperature-sensitive mutant, dim1-35. When shifted to restrictive temperature, dim1-35 mutant cells arrest before entry into mitosis or proceed through mitosis in the absence of nuclear division, demonstrating an uncoupling of proper DNA segregation from other cell cycle events. Deletion of dim1 from the Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome produces a lethal G2 arrest phenotype. Lethality is rescued by overexpression of the mouse dim1 homolog, mdim1. Likewise, deletion of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae dim1 homolog, CDH1, is lethal. Both mdim1 and dim1(+) are capable of rescuing lethality in the cdh1::HIS3 mutant. Although dim1-35 displays no striking genetic interactions with various other G2/M or mitotic mutants, dim1-35 cells incubated at restrictive temperature arrest with low histone H1 kinase activity. Morevoer, dim1-35 displays sensitivity to the microtubule destabilizing drug, thiabendazole (TBZ). We conclude that Dim1p plays a fundamental, evolutionarily conserved role as a protein essential for entry into mitosis as well as for chromosome segregation during mitosis. Based on TBZ sensitivity and failed chromosome segregation in dim1-35, we further speculate that Dim1p may play a role in mitotic spindle formation and/or function.
Alalia, Aphemia, and Aphasia

• In the 1860s, vigorous debate followed Paul Broca's seminal aphasiological observations. Scientific, philosophical, and personal disagreements affected ensuing nosological disputes. Competing terms to designate disorders of speech and language were alalia (used by Jacques Lordat), aphemia (coined by Broca), and the ultimately triumphant aphasia (introduced by Armand Trousseau). How these designations came into being, how they were used, and how they were received by the scientific community reflected controversies surrounding the birth of modern aphasiology.
The compass of behavior therapy

In a recent article, Susskind (1970, p. 538) made reference to "the outmoded practice of narrow behavior therapy which Lazarus, Bergin, and other forward-looking behavior therapists so rightly repudiate." She stated: "It is no wonder that patients who come to the more sophisticated behavior therapist naively expecting only desensitization or aversive shock, express surprise when additional techniques, such as discussion or behavioral exploration of pertinent problems, are introduced." Since I am on record as critical of "broad-spectrum" behavior therapy (Wolpe, 1968) I must no doubt regard myself as included among the less sophisticated, narrow therapists who, according to Susskind, do not engage in activities like discussion and behavioral exploration of pertinent problems. It is really surprising to find people who, despite years of identification with behavior therapy, do not know that discussion and exploration of the patient's problems have always been held to be indispensable to the conduct of behavior therapy. The behaviorist's realization that neurotic habits are stimulus-bound necessarily impels him to get the most comprehensive picture he can of the patient as a responding organism to both external and internal stimuli. The diligence of exploration that is customary is evident in practically every case that we have reported in detail. For a characteristic early example see Case 1 in Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition (Wolpe, 1958, pp. 120-127). However, far be it from me to claim that we are also in all other ways as catholic as Susskind and the other "broad-spectrum" practitioners. We only do what scientifically acceptable evidence indicates as likely to change the unadaptive habits that come before us in their varied combinations of motor, autonomic, and perceptual elements. This means that we apply, as far as we can, the experimentally based principles of learning that are the pith and substance of behavior therapy, drawing upon
On the Emergence of an Applied Geography

The application of geographic concepts and techniques to solving human problems is gaining new strength as a dimension of American geography. The nature of this trend is being shaped by a concern for relevance and educational change. Adoption of this approach has many implications for the individual geographer, as well as for the discipline. Some possible negative and positive aspects of the trend are suggested.
Reliability and performance limiting defects in low-к dielectrics for use as interlayer dielectrics

Reliability issues of low-к dielectric thin films are important problems in present day ULSI development.1–6 Leakage currents in general as well as reliability issues such as time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDM) and stress induced leakage currents (SILC) are critical problems that are not yet well understood. A topic of current interest is ultraviolet light curing (UV curing) of low-k materials.5,6 An atomic scale understanding of the defects involved in reliability problems of these films is virtually non-existent. We have initiated a study utilizing electron spin resonance (ESR) and electrical measurements which provides some fundamental understanding of the deep level defects likely involved in these reliability problems
Distribution‐free tests for comparing several treatments with a control

In this paper we propose distribution-free treatments versus control tests for the one- and two-way classifications. The null distribution properties are shown to be equivalent to those of well-known statistics for which critical values have been extensively tabled. Asymptotic relative efficiencies with respect to corresponding normal theory competitors are derived and optimal designs for the allocation of experimental units to the treatments and control are obtained.
Indications for splinting implant restorations.

Purpose The purpose of this article was to review the literature concerning the need to splint implants together when restoring them with a provisional restoration immediately after implant placement. Methods The literature is reviewed concerning the rationale for splinting teeth and reports concerning the efficacy of splinting implants together. Based on this team’s experience with a prospective series of consecutive 2 to 5 unit provisionalization cases, guidelines are included with case examples for understanding the technique. Conclusion As long as canine guidance is present, and occlusion is stable, multiunit single quadrant restorations do not need to be splinted when provisionalized.
Confidence Intervals for Maximum Entropy Spectral Estimates

The statistical properties of spectral estimates generated using the Maximum Entropy Method are analyzed using a Wishart Model for the estimated covariance. The transfer function of the estimated regression filter has a form which may be interpreted as a generalization of the student’s t distribution and the estimated prediction error has X2distribution. Asymptotic expressions for a large number of observations are derived which are the same as those of Akaike. These expressions allow a direct comparison between the MEM and the Maximum Likelihood Method, where it is shown that while the MEM has a higher peak to background ratio than the MLM, its confidence intervals are correspondingly larger. An example consisting of several closely spaced tones in a background of white noise is used to demonstrate the results.
Stress in corrections: An overview of the issues

Abstract This article reviews the literature on stress as it relates to working in adult institutional corrections. Indications are that research on this topic has been conducted in a “hit and miss” fashion with no consistent themes or patterns. Future research should be organized around the following questions: (1) To what degree does stress exist in corrections and how is it manifested? (2) Systemically and organizationally, where is stress located? (3) What factors / conditions seem to be correlated with the presence of stress? (4) Are there any means available to eliminate / relieve / reduce stress?
Concept Hierarchy-Based Text Database Categorization

Document categorization as a technique to improve the retrieval of useful documents has been extensively investigated. One important issue in a large-scale metasearch engine is to select text databases that are likely to contain useful documents for a given query. We believe that database categorization can be a potentially effective technique for good database selection, especially in the Internet environment where short queries are usually submitted. In this paper, we propose and evaluate several database categorization algorithms. This study indicates that while some document categorization algorithms could be adopted for database categorization, algorithms that take into consideration the special characteristics of databases may be more effective. Preliminary experimental results are provided to compare the proposed database categorization algorithms. A prototype database categorization system based on one of the proposed algorithms has been developed.
Low power SRAM techniques for handheld products

SRAM leakage constitutes a significant portion of the standby power budget of modern SoC products for handheld applications such as PDA and cellular phones. NMOS and PMOS reverse bias techniques for leakage reduction are implemented in a 2MByte SRAM testchip built with low power 90nm technology. Sophisticated analog regulators were implemented to precisely control the PMOS and NMOS reverse bias levels. The application of the reverse bias led to a 16X reduction in total array standby leakage and a cell leakage of only 20pA/bit. Excellent data retention for these bias conditions was demonstrated with detailed Vccmin mesurements.
Management of Asthma and Chronic Airflow Limitation: Are Methylxanthines Obsolete?

After almost 50 years as first-line drugs in the management of asthma and COPD, methylxanthines have been largely superceded by inhaled adrenoceptor agonist and anticholinergic bronchodilators which are more potent and far less toxic. Accumulating evidence indicates that intravenous theophylline contributes side effects, but is rarely of benefit in acute exacerbations of asthma or COPD. In the maintenance therapy of asthma, first-line therapy is dose-optimized inhaled steroids, reducing the need for bronchodilators. Inhaled adrenoceptor agonists are second line medications, anticholinergic aerosols third line, and theophylline, if needed at all, may fulfill a minor systemic steroid-sparing function in severe asthmatics on maximum doses of the inhaled medications. In the maintenance therapy of some patients with COPD, theophylline sometimes may be useful but these responders should be identified by objectively establishing therapeutic benefit. Since many patients have side effects from the methylxanthines, while their therapeutic benefit over and above dose-optimized inhaled therapy is marginal, their continued almost routine use in the management of reversible airflow obstruction is hard to justify, although this class of drugs may be useful in selected patients in whom both subjective and objective benefit can be demonstrated. In COPD, theophylline may improve exercise capacity in some patients by still incompletely understood mechanisms probably unrelated to bronchodilation.
The Europa Orbiter radar sounder: Innovative radar design for a challenging mission

Recent observations of the surface of the Jovian moon Europa indicates the possibility of the presence of a vast ocean beneath the icy surface. Currently the NASA mission Europa Orbiter plans to place several instruments, including a radar sounder, in a 150 km circular orbit around this moon. The science objectives of the EO Mission are: to understand the surface composition, especially compounds of interest to prebiotic chemistry; map the distribution of important constituents of the surface and characterize subsurface interfaces; and characterize the radiation environment in order to reduce the uncertainties for future missions, especially landers. To support these science objectives, the Europa Orbiter will have the following instruments: an ice-penetrating radar; a laser altimeter and an IR-visual imager.
Inhibition Of Cell Growth And Induction Of Apoptosis In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells By Delta-Tocotrienol Is Associated With Notch-1 Down-Regulation

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among all cancers. Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 80% of lung cancer with a 5-year survival rate of 16%. Notch pathway, especially Notch-1 is up-regulated in a subgroup of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Since Notch-1 signaling plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, down-regulation of Notch-1 may exert anti-tumor effects. The objective of this study was to investigate whether delta-tocotrienol, a naturally occurring isoform of Vitamin E, inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell growth via Notch signaling. Treatment with delta-tocotrienol resulted in a dose and time dependent inhibition of cell growth, cell migration, tumor cell invasiveness, and induction of apoptosis. Real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that antitumor activity by delta-tocotrienol was associated with a decrease in Notch-1, Hes-1, Survivin, MMP-9, VEGF, and Bcl-XL expression. In addition, there was a decrease in NF-κB-DNA binding activity. These results suggest that down-regulation of Notch-1, via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways by delta-tocotrienol, could provide a potential novel approach for prevention of tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer.
High-temperature thermodynamic properties of the UC1 → 2-phase

Abstract The method of expanding the free energy of a solid solution crystal in terms of semi-invariant cumulants as the high-temperature limit is approached has been applied to the UC 1 → 2 -phase. The rock-salt-like structure contains linked C - C -pairs in octahedral sites in the f.c.c. Bravais lattice. If there is an attractive interaction of C - C -groups, the cumulant expansion calculations are in good agreement with the measured concentration variation of the partial thermodynamic functions of the system despite the assumption that the pairwise interactions are strictly constant.
VIAF: Verification-Based Integrity Assurance Framework for MapReduce

MapReduce, a cloud computing paradigm, is gaining popularity. However, like all open distributed computing frameworks, MapReduce suffers from the integrity assurance vulnerability: it takes merely one malicious worker to render the overall computation result useless. Existing solutions are effective in defeating the malicious behavior of non-collusive workers, but are futile in detecting collusive workers. In this paper, we focus on the mappers, which typically constitute the majority of workers, and propose the Verification-based Integrity Assurance Framework (VIAF) to detect both non-collusive and collusive mappers. The basic idea of VIAF is to combine task replication with non-deterministic verification, in which consistent but malicious results from collusive mappers can be detected by a trusted verifier. We have implemented VIAF in Hadoop, an open source MapReduce implementation. Our theoretical analysis and experimental result show that VIAF can achieve high task accuracy while imposing acceptable overhead.
General Sequential Sampling Techniques for Monte Carlo Simulations: Part I—Matrix Problems

We study sequential sampling methods based principally on ideas of Halton. Such methods are designed to build information drawn from early batches of random walk histories into the random walk process used to generate later histories in order to accelerate convergence. In previously published work, such methods have been applied within the pseudorandom, rather than the quasirandom, context and have been applied only to matrix problems. In this paper, more general sequential techniques are formulated in an abstract space, such as Banach space. The more general formulation enables applications to linear algebraic equations and to integral equations to be obtained as special cases through specification of the Banach space and the operator defined on it. In this initial paper we outline the ideas needed for consideration of the more general problem and exhibit greatly accelerated convergence for a simple matrix problem. In a companion paper in which similar ideas are applied to the more important class of integral equations, the need for quasirandom implementation is stressed.
A Software Tool for Network Traffic Analysis

This paper describes a network traffic analysis software tool, which provides searching, visualization, and preprocessing functions with a user-friendly GUI implemented in Java language. Within the huge network traffic data collected, a user can identify any particular packets using various searching functions provided. Visualization presents the analyzed result in a different setting to further enhance the analysis. The GUI in Java allows the tool to be used in different platforms. This tool is tested and demonstrated through several real network datasets.
Frictionless Commerce? A Comparison of Internet and Conventional Retailers

There have been many claims that the Internet represents a new nearly "frictionless market." Our research empirically analyzes the characteristics of the Internet as a channel for two categories of homogeneous products-books and CDs. Using a data set of over 8,500 price observations collected over a period of 15 months, we compare pricing behavior at 41 Internet and conventional retail outlets. We find that prices on the Internet are 9-16% lower than prices in conventional outlets, depending on whether taxes, shipping, and shopping costs are included in the price. Additionally, we find that Internet retailers' price adjustments over time are up to 100 times smaller than conventional retailers' price adjustments-presumably reflecting lower menu costs in Internet channels. We also find that levels of price dispersion depend importantly on the measures employed. When we compare the prices posted by different Internet retailers we find substantial dispersion. Internet retailer prices differ by an average of 33% for books and 25% for CDs. However, when we weight these prices by proxies for market share, we find dispersion is lower in Internet channels than in conventional channels, reflecting the dominance of certain heavily branded retailers. We conclude that while there is lower friction in many dimensions of Internet competition, branding, awareness, and trust remain important sources of heterogeneity among Internet retailers.
Postoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of bleeding in pediatric intracapsular tonsillectomy

Abstract Objectives In light of current FDA guidelines on opioid use in children, we sought to determine the risk of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) in children who received ibuprofen with acetaminophen versus those who received narcotic with acetaminophen for postoperative pain control. Methods This was an IRB-approved retrospective chart review of patients at a tertiary-care pediatric center. The medical records of 449 children who received acetaminophen and ibuprofen following intracapsular tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy were reviewed (NSAID group) and compared with medical records of 1731 children who underwent intracapsular tonsillectomy and received acetaminophen with codeine or hydrocodone with acetaminophen postoperatively (narcotic group). Main outcome measure was the incidence of PTH requiring return to the operating room. Secondary outcome measures included incidence of primary PTH, secondary PTH, and postoperative evaluation in the emergency department or readmission for pain and/or dehydration. Results Incidence of PTH requiring return to the operating room was higher in the NSAID group (1.6%) compared with the narcotic group (0.5%), P = 0.01. Incidence of primary PTH was significantly higher in the NSAID group (2%) versus the narcotic group (0.12%), P P Conclusion Use of ibuprofen after intracapsular tonsillectomy in children is associated with statistically significant increase in PTH requiring return to the operating room, as well as an increase in overall rates of both primary and secondary PTH. Ibuprofen provides pain control that is at least equivalent to narcotic and is not associated with respiratory depression. Further study of ibuprofen use in the post-tonsillectomy patient is warranted.
Mutational Analysis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine malignancy that is associated with a poor prognosis. The pathogenesis of MCC is not well understood, and despite a recent plethora of mutational analyses, we have yet to find a set of signature mutations implicated in the majority of cases. Mutations, including TP53, Retinoblastoma and PIK3CA, have been documented in subsets of patients. Other mechanisms are also likely at play, including infection with the Merkel cell polyomavirus in a subset of patients, dysregulated immune surveillance, epigenetic alterations, aberrant protein expression, posttranslational modifications and microRNAs. In this review, we summarize what is known about MCC genetic mutations and chromosomal abnormalities, and their clinical significance. We also examine aberrant protein function and microRNA expression, and discuss the therapeutic and prognostic implications of these findings. Multiple clinical trials designed to selectively target overexpressed oncogenes in MCC are currently underway, though most are still in early phases. As we accumulate more molecular data on MCC, we will be better able to understand its pathogenic mechanisms, develop libraries of targeted therapies, and define molecular prognostic signatures to enhance our clinicopathologic knowledge.
Reliability of classical dispersion analysis of LiF and MgO reflectance data

Abstract This paper attempts to evaluate the reliability of classical dispersion (CD) analysis to obtain accurate values of the dispersion parameters in general and of the damping constant in particular for strongly anharmonic lattice vibrations. We have carried out this reliability evaluation by applying a newly developed CD analysis technique to process LiF and MgO i.r. reflectance data measured by Jasperse, Kahan, Plendl and Mitra (JKPM). This study demonstrates that our new technique yields approximately the same values for oscillator strength and for resonance frequency as those reported by the JKPM group. However the damping constant values obtained by the two different techniques are in significant disagreement with one another. This finding leads to the conclusion that CD analysis is not very reliable for obtaining accurate values of the damping constant for strongly anharmonic lattice modes of ionic crystals, such as LiF and MgO.
Breast Milk Retinol and Plasma Retinol-Binding Protein Concentrations Provide Similar Estimates of Vitamin A Deficiency Prevalence and Identify Similar Risk Groups among Women in Cameroon but Breast Milk Retinol Underestimates the Prevalence of Deficiency among Young Children

Breast milk vitamin A (BMVA) has been proposed as an indicator of population vitamin A status but has rarely been applied in large-scale surveys or compared with conventional vitamin A biomarkers. We assessed the prevalence of, and risk factors for, low BMVA and its relation to vitamin A intake, plasma retinol-binding protein (pRBP), and markers of inflammation in a national survey in Cameroon. We randomly selected 30 clusters in each of 3 strata (South, North, and Cities). Casual milk samples were collected from approximately 5 women per cluster (n = 440). pRBP, plasma C-reactive protein (pCRP), plasma α1-acid glycoprotein (pAGP), and 24-h vitamin A intake were assessed in 10 women aged 15-49 y and 10 children aged 12-59 mo per cluster, including a subset of lactating women (n = 253). Low BMVA was infrequent: 7.2% (95% CI: 4.7, 9.8) of values were 644 μg RAEs/d, P > 0.4). Controlling for milk fat, BMVA was negatively associated with pCRP (P 0.5). BMVA and pRBP provide similar estimates of vitamin A deficiency prevalence and identify the same risk groups among women in Cameroon, but BMVA underestimates the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among young children.
When are adaptive strategies most predictive of psychopathology

In recent work, we showed that putatively adaptive emotion regulation strategies, such as reappraisal and acceptance, have a weaker association with psychopathology than putatively maladaptive strategies, such as rumination, suppression, and avoidance (e.g., Aldao & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2010; Aldao, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Schweizer, 2010). In this investigation, we examined the interaction between adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in the prediction of psychopathology symptoms (depression, anxiety, and alcohol problems) concurrently and prospectively. We assessed trait emotion regulation and psychopathology symptoms in a sample of community residents at Time 1 (N = 1,317) and then reassessed psychopathology at Time 2 (N = 1,132). Cross-sectionally, we found that the relationship between adaptive strategies and psychopathology symptoms was moderated by levels of maladaptive strategies: adaptive strategies had a negative association with psychopathology symptoms only at high levels of maladaptive strategies. In contrast, adaptive strategies showed no prospective relationship to psychopathology symptoms either alone or in interaction with maladaptive strategies. We discuss the implications of this investigation for future work on the contextual factors surrounding the deployment of emotion regulation strategies.
Extracts of Sarcoptes scabiei De Geer downmodulate secretion of IL-8 by skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts and of GM-CSF by fibroblasts in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines.

ABSTRACT Previous in vitro studies showed that molecules in an extract of the mite Sarcoptes scabiei variety canis De Geer could modulate the secretion of cytokines from cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in the absence of proinflammatory cytokines in the cell culture media. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether scabies extract could also modulate cytokine and chemokine secretion from epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines that are likely present in the scabietic lesion in vivo. In particular, could the downmodulating properties of this ectoparasitic mite on skin cells be maintained in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines? We found that even in the presence of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and a mixture of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α + IL-17, scabies extract still downregulated the levels of IL-8 secretion from keratinocytes and fibroblasts and of granulocyte/macrophage-...
T.E.L. It Like It Is: Do State Tax and Expenditure Limits Actually Limit Spending?

State and local government spending has grown at a remarkable pace in the years since World War II. Many states have attempted to arrest this growth by adopting tax or expenditure limitations (TELs). These are formal rules – either codified in statutes or in state constitutions – that limit the growth of government budgets by a particular formula. Twenty-seven states currently operate under TELs, though there is considerable variation in their design and application. In this paper, I examine the impact of TELs on government spending. I focus on the details of their design and on the circumstances in which they are applied. I find that some varieties of TELs can decrease state spending as a share of state income, but the effect is small – in the range of about 2 to 3 percent. Some TELs, such as the most common variety, are associated with less spending in low-income states but are actually associated with more spending in high-income states. Certain characteristics can make TELs more effective. These include constitutional (as opposed to statutory) codification, a focus on spending rather than on revenue, a provision that automatically and immediately refunds surpluses, and – of particular importance – a provision that requires either a super-majority vote or a public vote for override.
Trientine induced colitis during therapy for Wilson disease: a case report and review of the literature

Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of human copper metabolism characterized by copper accumulation in the liver due to impaired excretion of copper into the bile. Brain accumulation of copper may cause neuropsychiatric symptoms. Trientine (triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride) is a copper-chelating agent used to treat patients with WD. Trientine has been considered an option for initial treatment and maintentance therapy of WD due to its safety profile. A 40 year old female with a recent diagnosis of WD was started on treatment with trientine for her WD. Within one month she developed profound bloody diarrhea unresponsive to medical treatment. Trientine was discontinued and a colonoscopy with biopsy showed moderately active ileitis and moderate to severe pancolitis, consistent with a drug induced mucosal injury. The colitis improved immediately upon withdrawal of trientine, and recurred when medication was rechallenged because of worsened WD symptoms. After second compulsory discontinuation of trientine, she remained on zinc therapy for her WD and her colitis resolved by time. Drug induced colitis is a very rare side effect of trientine. Although trientine therapy is well tolerated and less side effects are reported with this medication than penicillamine, colitis can occur during trientine treatment. Zinc therapy may be an effective alternative for treatment of WD in patients experiencing side effects from chelation therapy.
High-speed elasticity-specific nonlinear Brillouin imaging/sensing via time-resolved optical (BISTRO) measurements

Viscoelastic properties of living cells are often directly related to the cell types and their physiological conditions. Unfortunately, all the currently existing methods for analysis of viscoelastic properties of cells, such as micropipette aspiration, atomic force microscopy and optical tweezers are intrinsically slow, limiting their applicability to study large population of cells, which are often needed for either fundamental or clinical studies. In this report, by incorporating the concept of impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering (ISBS), we report a Brillouin Imaging and Sensing system via Time-Resolved Optical (BISTRO) measurements. We will prove the principle of the BISTRO system by presenting example microscopic measurements and flow/cell cytometry results [1].
The Psychological Care of Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) face major changes in lifestyle and the possibility of debilitating and life-threatening complications. Treatment requires a knowledgeable health care team that includes a physician, a nurse educator, other health care professionals, and the patient and family. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) demonstrated that intensive treatment can delay the onset and slow the progression of microvascular complications.1 The message to the patient is that success in learning how to take better care of oneself can make a difference in the course of IDDM. However, patients may find the prospect of the disease and . . .
Borax Developer Characteristics

This study of borax developers was undertaken because their wide use emphasized the importance of detailed knowledge of their action. The results of the study not only permit the selection of a developer formula which seems very satisfactory, but also points out the sort of variations that will either increase or decrease the activity of the developer, to meet any special needs that may occur.
4588 Endoscopic ultrasound as a first-line diagnostic and staging test after ct in patients with suspected or proven lung cancer: yield in 122 consecutive patients.

Background: 50% of lung cancer patients have mediastinal lymph node metastases. Proof of ipsilateral node (N2) or contralateral node (N3) involvement contraindictates surgery as primary treatment, but usually requires mediastinoscopy. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) provides access to posterior mediastinal nodes and may therefore prevent mediastinoscopy and document surgically incurable disease. Aim: To verify the yield of EUS as a first-line diagnostic and staging modality in patients with suspected or proven lung cancer by CT and/or bronchoscopy. Methods: EUS-FNA was used as a first-line diagnostic and/or staging test in consecutive patients with suspected or proven lung cancer in whom CT showed mediastinal disease accessable for EUS-FNA. Results: 122 consecutive patients had disease that appeared amenable to EUS-FNA: 70 with suspected and 52 with proven lung cancer. Overall, EUS was attempted in 118 (97%) cases: 10 masses and 108 nodes (47% level 7 [AP window]; 32% level 5 [subcarina]; 15% levels 5 & 7; and 6% other node levels). There were no complications. A cytological diagnosis of cancer was obtained in 46/70 (69%) of suspected cancers. The yield for nodal staging was calculated on an “intent to stage” basis. Mediastinal node involvement was documented cytologically in 73/112 (60%) cases where staging was the aim: 37/112 (33%) N2 and 36/112 (32%) N3 nodes. See Table. Conclusions: 1) EUS has a high yield in patients with suspected or proven lung cancer with mediastinal disease by CT. 2) A cytological diagnosis of cancer is obtained in 2/3 patients with suspected cancer. 3) Cytological proof of mediastinal ipsilateral or contralateral disease is obtained in 2/3 patients.
Design of pathway preferential estrogens that provide beneficial metabolic and vascular effects without stimulating reproductive tissues

There is great medical need for estrogens with favorable pharmacological profiles that support desirable activities for menopausal women, such as metabolic and vascular protection, but that lack stimulatory activities on the breast and uterus. We report the development of structurally novel estrogens that preferentially activate a subset of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways and result in favorable target tissue–selective activity. Through a process of structural alteration of estrogenic ligands that was designed to preserve their essential chemical and physical features but greatly reduced their binding affinity for ERs, we obtained “pathway preferential estrogens” (PaPEs), which interacted with ERs to activate the extranuclear-initiated signaling pathway preferentially over the nuclear-initiated pathway. PaPEs elicited a pattern of gene regulation and cellular and biological processes that did not stimulate reproductive and mammary tissues or breast cancer cells. However, in ovariectomized mice, PaPEs triggered beneficial responses both in metabolic tissues (adipose tissue and liver) that reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation and in the vasculature that accelerated repair of endothelial damage. This process of designed ligand structure alteration represents a novel approach to develop ligands that shift the balance in ER-mediated extranuclear and nuclear pathways to obtain tissue-selective, non-nuclear PaPEs, which may be beneficial for postmenopausal hormone replacement. The approach may also have broad applicability for other members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily.
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory profiles and maladjustment in the military: preliminary findings.

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) profiles of 69 active duty male soldiers who presented to an outpatient mental health clinic for a broad range of problems are compared to a local normative sample of 84 males. The clinical and comparison groups differed significantly on all 20 scales. In agreement with previous findings, the mean profile for the clinical group was a 2 (Avoidant) - 8 (Passive-Aggressive) codetype, whereas the comparison group showed a 5 (Narcissistic) - 6 (Antisocial) codetype. Findings offer specific codetypes that effectively discriminate functional versus dysfunctional individuals in a military setting and provide an empirical foundation on which to base future, and critically important, prospective studies of the predictive validity of the MCMI with military personnel. The potential role of the MCMI as a screening and assessment tool in military settings is discussed.
Recurrent Pericarditis, an Unexpected Effect of Adjuvant Interferon Chemotherapy for Malignant Melanoma

Drug-induced pericarditis is a well-described cardiac pathology that can result from a variety of medications; however, interferon-mediated pericarditis is extremely rare. We present a case of a young female with recurrent pericarditis due to interferon therapy. The role of interferon in adjuvant chemotherapy is well known and yields good effect, but this case highlights the very uncommon phenomena of interferon induced pericarditis and the significant distress it can cause.
University wellness program: the effectiveness of students as nutrition counselors.

Abstract The Whole Body Health Program at San Jose State University was designed for employees who were interested in improving their general nutritional intake and fitness. This university wellness program furnishes students in nutrition and other health-related fields with valuable training and experience while also providing university employees with a work-site wellness program. As part of the wellness program and under faculty supervision, nutrition students conduct the Dietary Assessment Program by interviewing, assessing, and counseling clients. To determine Whether the program was effective in improving participants' dietary habits, 16 previous participants were contacted by telephone. Fourteen agreed to be reinterviewed, and new dietary data were collected. Both the original (pre-program) and current (post-program) 24-hour recalls were evaluated according to the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), polyunsaturated to saturated (P:S) fat ratio, and percent of energy from fat and from carbohydrate. Reported mean consumption of cholesterol decreased from pre- to post-program for all subjects (pre= 383 mg, post= 242 mg; p≤.05). Those originally cons ming more than 300 mg achieved a greater decrease in reported cholesterol consumption (pre= 487 mg, post= 234 mg; p≤.01). An increase in reported consumption was seen for the following: (a) mean calcium for women (pre= 402 mg, post = 667 mg; p≤.05); (b) mean acorbic acid for those who originally reported consumption below 851% of the RDA (pre=23 mg, post=55 mg; p≤.05); (c) P:S ratio for all subjects (pre= 0.41, post= 0.64; p≤.05). The Dietary Assessment Program and the nutrition students were found to be effective in a university wellness program. J Am Diet Assoc 88:595, 1988.
Predialysis volume overload and patient-reported sleep duration and quality in patients receiving hemodialysis.

Introduction Previous studies of patients with end-stage renal disease have examined the role of fluid shifts on apnea-hypopnea episodes, but the association between volume overload and patient-reported sleep quality or duration has not been well-established. Methods We studied the association between predialysis bioimpedance spectroscopy-derived volume estimates and self-reported sleep quality and duration in 638 patients in the United States Renal Data System ACTIVE/ADIPOSE study receiving hemodialysis from 2009 to 2011. We used questionnaires to assess self-reported sleep duration and quality. We used relative hydration status (fluid overload/extracellular water; FO/ECW) as the primary predictor and examined associations with hours of sleep duration using linear regression. We used multivariable ordinal logistic regression to determine the association between categories of relative hydration status (normal hydration [FO/ECW 15%]) and four levels of difficulty with falling asleep, waking, and returning to sleep. Findings Higher relative hydration status was associated with fewer hours of sleep (−0.31 hours per 10%, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.49 to −0.13). Compared to the normal hydration group, there was a statistically significant association between higher relative hydration status category and more frequent nighttime waking (OR: mild overhydration 1.92 [95% CI 1.23–2.99], hyperhydration 1.87 [95% CI 1.16–2.99]), a trend toward more difficulty returning to sleep (OR: mild overhydration 1.46 [95% CI 0.94–2.27], hyperhydration 1.52 [95% CI 0.95–2.43]), and no association between relative hydration category and difficulty falling asleep. Discussion Hydration status was associated with self-reported sleep duration in patients on dialysis. Future studies should prospectively examine the effects of optimizing fluid status on sleep duration and quality.
Microbial Remediation: Strategies, Potentials, and Limitations

Exploiting microorganisms for remediation of waste sites is a promising alternative to groundwater pumping and above ground treatment. The objective of in-situ bioremediation is to stimulate the growth of indigenous or introduced microorganisms in regions of subsurface contamination, and thus, provide direct contact between microorganisms and the dissolved and sorbed contaminants for biotransformation. Although in-situ bioremediation has been applied successfully at a few sites, several limitations presently exist for this technology. Some of the challenges for scientists and engineers that need to be addressed are the addition of growth sustaining chemicals in tight and heterogeneous formations, how to improve the bioavailability of contaminants strongly sorbed to subsurface solids, performance with complex contaminant mixtures, and how to manipulate natural populations to carry out specific and desired reactions.
Doctors breaching patient privacy: Orwell redux.

Legislative changes made without public discussion allow disclosure without patient consent.
TH-E-202-01: Pitfalls and Remedies in PET/CT Imaging for RT Planning

PET/CT is a very important imaging tool in the management of oncology patients. PET/CT has been applied for treatment planning and response evaluation in radiation therapy. This educational session will discuss: 1.Pitfalls and remedies in PET/CT imaging for RT planning 2.The use of hypoxia PET imaging for radiotherapy 3.PET for tumor response evaluation The first presentation will address the issue of mis-registration between the CT and PET images in the thorax and the abdomen. We will discuss the challenges of respiratory gating and introduce an average CT technique to improve the registration for dose calculation and image-guidance in radiation therapy. The second presentation will discuss the use of hypoxia PET Imaging for radiation therapy. We will discuss various hypoxia radiotracers, the choice of clinical acquisition protocol (in particular a single late static acquisition versus a dynamic acquisition), and the compartmental modeling with different transfer rate constants explained. We will demonstrate applications of hypoxia imaging for dose escalation/de-escalation in clinical trials. The last presentation will discuss the use of PET/CT for tumor response evaluation. We will discuss anatomic response assessment vs. metabolic response assessment, visual evaluation and semi-quantitative evaluation, and limitations of current PET/CT assessment. We will summarize clinical trials using PET response in guiding adaptive radiotherapy. Finally, we will summarize recent advancements in PET/CT radiomics and non-FDG PET tracers for response assessment. Learning Objectives: 1.Identify the causes of mis-registration of CT and PET images in PET/CT, and review the strategies to remedy the issue. 2.Understand the basics of PET imaging of tumor hypoxia (radiotracers, how PET measures the hypoxia selective uptake, imaging protocols, applications in chemo-radiation therapy). 3.Understand the basics of dynamic PET imaging, compartmental modeling and parametric images. 4.Understand the basics of using FDG PET/CT for tumor response evaluation. 5.Learn about recent advancement in PET/CT radiomics and non-FDG PET tracers for response assessment. This work was supported in part by the National Cancer Institute Grants R01CA172638.; W. Lu, This work was supported in part by the National Cancer Institute Grants R01CA172638.
Individualization of pubic hair bacterial communities and the effects of storage time and temperature.

Abstract A potential application of microbial genetics in forensic science is detection of transfer of the pubic hair microbiome between individuals during sexual intercourse using high-throughput sequencing. In addition to the primary need to show whether the pubic hair microbiome is individualizing, one aspect that must be addressed before using the microbiome in criminal casework involves the impact of storage on the microbiome of samples recovered for forensic testing. To test the effects of short-term storage, pubic hair samples were collected from volunteers and stored at room temperature (∼20°C), refrigerated (4°C), and frozen (–20°C) for 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks along with a baseline sample. Individual microbial profiles (R 2 =0.69) and gender (R 2 =0.17) were the greatest sources of variation between samples. Because of this variation, individual and gender could be predicted using Random Forests supervised classification in this sample set with an overall error rate of 2.7%± 5.8% and 1.7%±5.2%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference attributable to time of sampling or temperature of storage within individuals. Further work on larger sample sets will quantify the temporal consistency of individual profiles and define whether it is plausible to detect transfer between sexual partners. For short-term storage (≤6 weeks), recovery of the microbiome was not affected significantly by either storage time or temperature, suggesting that investigators and crime laboratories can use existing evidence storage methods.
Molecular and Cellular Events in the Formation of New Meristems

We have developed an efficient system in which to analyse cellular and molecular events during the initiation and organization of lateral root meristems as a way of obtaining markers for regeneration from cell and tissue cultures. From subtracted cDNA libraries we isolated approximately 40 genes whose expression patterns are altered during these processes. We determined spatial and temporal patterns of expression by Northern, in situ and GUS assays, and we have identified 2 mutants in lateral root initiation.
Using Life Extension-Duration and Life Extension-Convexity to Value Senior Life Settlement Contracts

Investments in senior life settlements are marketed as securities that are uncorrelated with assets traded on other markets such as real estate, commodities, corporate equities and risky debt. In this article the authors develop a metric that can be used to evaluate the sensitivity of the value of a life settlement contract and portfolios of life settlement contracts with respect to longevity risk. Longevity risk in the context of life settlement contracts is the possibility that a person covered by a life insurance policy lives longer than the purchaser of the policy has forecasted. A fund manager can sort policies by using the life expectancy duration and convexity metrics that are developed to select policies that will increase the likelihood that a fund of life settlement contracts attains its target rate of return.