cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ferro-microfluidic device for pathogen detection

In a previous work, we demonstrated that traveling wave excitations from integrated electrodes can continuously pump magnetic liquids within a microfluidic channel. The optimum excitation frequency of this pumping is strongly dependent on the hydrodynamic size of the magnetic nanoparticles, and the effect can be used to detect whenever a molecule or pathogen binds to the magnetic nanoparticles within a ferrofluid. Here, we demonstrate the bio-functionality and pathogen detection capability of a ferrofluid comprised of cobalt-ferrite-silica nanoparticles through the use of biotinylated genetically engineered peptides for inorganics (GEP's). These biotinylated GEPI's are specifically engineered to attach to the silica surface of the magnetic nanoparticles. Binding of streptavidin to the biotinylated GEPI's on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles shifts the optimum pumping frequency by an amount that corresponds to the increase in the hydrodynamic size of the nanoparticle. The combination of GEPI-enhanced ferrofluids with integrated microfluidic devices finally enables the development of highly sensitive, portable and cheap pathogen sensor chips.
Conflict resolution as a political philosophy

(1991). Conflict resolution as a political philosophy. Interdisciplinary Peace Research: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 62-72.
Magnesium Decreases Inflammatory Cytokine Production: A Novel Innate Immunomodulatory Mechanism

MgSO(4) exposure before preterm birth is neuroprotective, reducing the risk of cerebral palsy and major motor dysfunction. Neonatal inflammatory cytokine levels correlate with neurologic outcome, leading us to assess the effect of MgSO(4) on cytokine production in humans. We found reduced maternal TNF-α and IL-6 production following in vivo MgSO(4) treatment. Short-term exposure to a clinically effective MgSO(4) concentration in vitro substantially reduced the frequency of neonatal monocytes producing TNF-α and IL-6 under constitutive and TLR-stimulated conditions, decreasing cytokine gene and protein expression, without influencing cell viability or phagocytic function. In summary, MgSO(4) reduced cytokine production in intrapartum women, term and preterm neonates, demonstrating effectiveness in those at risk for inflammation-associated adverse perinatal outcomes. By probing the mechanism of decreased cytokine production, we found that the immunomodulatory effect was mediated by magnesium and not the sulfate moiety, and it was reversible. Cellular magnesium content increased rapidly upon MgSO(4) exposure, and reduced cytokine production occurred following stimulation with different TLR ligands as well as when magnesium was added after TLR stimulation, strongly suggesting that magnesium acts intracellularly. Magnesium increased basal IĸBα levels, and upon TLR stimulation was associated with reduced NF-κB activation and nuclear localization. These findings establish a new paradigm for innate immunoregulation, whereby magnesium plays a critical regulatory role in NF-κB activation, cytokine production, and disease pathogenesis.
Pattern-oriented distributed system architectures

This tutorial describes how to apply patterns and middleware frameworks to alleviate the complexity of developing software for distributed systems. These patterns and framework components have been used successfully by the presenter on production communication software projects at many commercial companies for telecommunication systems, network management for personal communication systems, electronic medical imaging systems, real-time avionics and aerospace systems, distributed interactive simulations, and automated stock trading.
USAGE HETEROGENEITY AND EXTENDED WARRANTIES

The role of product warranty in segmentation of consumer durable product markets is highlighted. I demonstrate that consumer moral hazard and heterogeneity in product usage create variation in the valuation of product warranties by the different segments in the market. In this context, the firm, by offering a self-selecting menu of base warranty and extended warranties, satisfies the warranty demands of the various segments of the population. The consumer choice behavior prediction of the theory with regard to extended warranty is empirically validated with data from a survey of new car buyers.
Separations in Hyperfine Structure

The quantum mechanics conception of a spinning electron in an s state makes it probable that its interaction energy with a nuclear moment i is simply proportional to the average of is cos (is). Expressions for this average cosine have been obtained and applied to different examples. In more complicated cases it can only be said that the interaction energy is proportional to ij cos (ij), which makes the interval rule hold for hyperfine structure.
Nosocomial Primary Bloodstream Infections in Intensive Care Unit Patients in a Nonteaching Community Medical Center: A 21-Month Prospective Study

All patients admitted to the medical and surgical intensive care units of a 500-bed nonteaching suburban hospital were followed prospectively for the occurrence of nosocomial primary bloodstream infections for 21 months. The incidence of primary bloodstream infection was 38 (1%) of 3163 patients; among patients with central venous catheters, it was 34 (4%) of 920 patients, or 4.0 infections per 1000 catheter-days. Ventilator-associated pneumonia, congestive heart failure, and each intravascular catheter inserted were independently associated with the development of a nosocomial primary bloodstream infection. Among infected patients, the crude mortality rate was 53%, and these patients had longer stays in intensive care units and the hospital than did uninfected patients. Bloodstream infection, however, was not an independent risk factor for death. The incidence, risk factors, and serious outcomes of bloodstream infections in a nonteaching community hospital were similar to those seen in tertiary-care teaching hospitals.
Evaluating Antiangiogenesis Agents in the Clinic The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Portfolio of Clinical Trials

Recent evidence indicates that treatment with a humanized monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab) directed at vascular endothelial growth factor improves response and survival in metastatic colorectal cancer when added to standard chemotherapy, validating angiogenesis as a therapeutic target. Investigators from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) have initiated a number of Phase III studies that will help further define the role of antiangiogenic agents for the treatment of breast, colon, lung, renal, and head and neck cancer, as well as melanoma and myeloma. The agents being evaluated target various biological functions involved in angiogenesis, including vascular endothelial growth factor (bevacizumab), endothelial cell proliferation (thalidomide, IFN-alpha), and matrix metalloproteinases (marimastat). These clinical trials include correlative laboratory studies aimed at elucidating how these agents may exert their clinical effects. The portfolio of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group studies will serve to further define the role of this therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced cancer.
Outcomes in hepatitis C virus-infected recipients of living donor vs. deceased donor liver transplantation.

In this retrospective study of hepatitis C virus (HCV)–infected transplant recipients in the 9-center Adult to Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study, graft and patient survival and the development of advanced fibrosis were compared among 181 living donor liver transplant (LDLT) recipients and 94 deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) recipients. Overall 3-year graft and patient survival were 68% and 74% in LDLT, and 80% and 82% in DDLT, respectively. Graft survival, but not patient survival, was significantly lower for LDLT compared to DDLT (P = 0.04 and P = 0.20, respectively). Further analyses demonstrated lower graft and patient survival among the first 20 LDLT cases at each center (LDLT ⩽20) compared to later cases (LDLT > 20; P = 0.002 and P = 0.002, respectively) and DDLT recipients (P 20 and DDLT were not significantly different (P = 0.66 and P = 0.74, respectively). Overall, 3-year graft survival for DDLT, LDLT >20, and LDLT ⩽20 were 80%, 79% and 55%, with similar results conditional on survival to 90 days (84%, 87% and 68%, respectively). Predictors of graft loss beyond 90 days included LDLT ⩽20 vs. DDLT (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.1, P = 0.04), pretransplant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (HR = 2.21, P = 0.03) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) at transplantation (HR = 1.24, P = 0.04). In conclusion, 3-year graft and patient survival in HCV-infected recipients of DDLT and LDLT >20 were not significantly different. Important predictors of graft loss in HCV-infected patients were limited LDLT experience, pretransplant HCC, and higher MELD at transplantation. Liver Transpl 13:122–129, 2007. © 2006 AASLD.
17.3% peak wall plug efficiency vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using lower barrier mirrors

Modifications to the epitaxial growth of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) material have recently led to improved characteristics. By offsetting the quantum-well gain peak from the cavity mode, and implementing lower barrier p-type Al/sub 0.67/Ga/sub 0.33/As/GaAs DBR mirrors with parabolic interface gradings, better high-temperature operation and lower voltages have been achieved. These effects combine to yield a peak wall plug efficiency of 17.3% for room temperature, CW operation. >
An ANN-based element extraction method for automatic mesh generation

This paper proposes an artificial neural network based element extraction method for automatic finite element mesh generation. A finite element mesh is a discretized representation of a geometric domain. A domain is discretized into elements, which may be triangles, quadrilaterals, tetrahedron, or hexahedron. The element extraction method repeatedly generates element (s) within the domain using some predefined 'if-then' rules until the whole domain is filled with required elements. This method has an advantage of creating meshes for domains with complex boundaries. However, the 'if-then' rules for element extraction are usually difficult to acquire, because these rules not only generate elements but also change the problem they are designed to solve. In this paper, a Back-Propagation (BP) neural network is used to represent the 'if-then' element extraction rules and to train the relationship behind these rules. The input for this network includes the coordinates of some boundary points while the output defines the parameters for extracting an element. In order to generate good quality element while keeping the updated problem still solvable, the design and definition of the neural network is more complex than those in the traditional classification problems. This paper discusses issues related to the design of the neural network for element extraction. Numerical experiments on quadrilateral mesh generation have shown that this method is effective.
Adherence to oral therapy for type 2 diabetes: opportunities for enhancing glycemic control.

Purpose Although diet and exercise are important parts of type 2 diabetes treatment, most patients require pharmacological intervention with multiple agents to maintain adequate glycemic control. This article addresses the numerous patient-related, disease-related, and demographic variables affecting medication adherence in this patient population. Data Sources Extensive review of scientific literature, clinical practice guidelines, and Internet sources. Conclusions Studies have demonstrated that treatments including multiple medications or frequent dosing had a negative impact on adherence. Practitioners have used several approaches in an effort to improve adherence to oral antidiabetic medical therapy, including increased communication between health care providers and patients, implementation of multidisciplinary programs, and use of treatment regimens with easier dosing (i.e., reduced number of drugs or doses taken per day). Implications for Practice Options for type 2 diabetes treatments that combine effective medications into a simpler oral-dosage form may motivate and improve patient adherence. Ultimately, simplifying dosing may lead to better glycemic control, thereby reducing the risks associated with long-term consequences of the disease.
Helper Virus-Independent Transcription and Multimerization of a Satellite RNA Associated with Cucumber Mosaic Virus

Satellite RNAs are the smallest infectious agents whose replication is thought to be completely dependent on their helper virus (HV). Here we report that, when expressed autonomously in the absence of HV, a variant of satellite RNA (satRNA) associated with Cucumber mosaic virus strain Q (Q-satRNA) has a propensity to localize in the nucleus and be transcribed, generating genomic and antigenomic multimeric forms. The involvement of the nuclear phase of Q-satRNA was further confirmed by confocal microscopy employing in vivo RNA-tagging and double-stranded-RNA-labeling assays. Sequence analyses revealed that the Q-satRNA multimers formed in the absence of HV, compared to when HV is present, are distinguished by the addition of a template-independent heptanucleotide motif at the monomer junctions within the multimers. Collectively, the involvement of a nuclear phase in the replication cycle of Q-satRNA not only provides a valid explanation for its persistent survival in the absence of HV but also suggests a possible evolutionary relationship to viroids that replicate in the nucleus.
From Public Spaces to Public Sphere

This study examines how journalists and technologists are re-imagining the construction of networked, dynamic spaces for online news discussion through a qualitative study of 126 idea submissions to a popular news innovation contest. We consider these submissions in the light of the concept of the public sphere, with a specific focus on how these submissions might address shortcomings identified in the literature about the ability of the internet, but of news commenting forums in particular, to serve as an extension of the public sphere. Four main themes emerged in the submissions: a need to (1) better organize content, (2) moderate content more effectively, (3) unite disjointed discourse, and (4) increase participation while promoting diversity. We find in these proposed solutions the possibility for relatively low-cost, easy-to-build systems that could moderate comments more efficiently while also facilitating more civil, cohesive, and diverse discourse; however, we also find the lingering danger of des...
Public, Legislative, and Executive Constraints on the Democratic Initiation of Conflict

How do domestic political institutions affect the propensity to initiate international conflict? We improve theoretical understanding of and empirical knowledge on this question. We describe three major types of democratic institutional characteristics that have been hypothesized to increase the constraints on conflict initiation: public electoral participation, intra-legislative factors, and a stronger legislature in relation to the executive. Using a Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model to analyze 37 democracies in the period 1919-1992, we find that higher political participation levels decrease the likelihood of initiating an international dispute and that neither the number of parties nor the nature of the ruling coalition affects the likelihood of initiating a dispute. The evidence is mixed on whether variation in executive-legislative constraints makes initiation more likely. These findings highlight the significance of public consent for the formation of democratic foreign policy.
US carbon emissions, technological progress and economic growth since 1870

The long-term US experience emphasises the importance of controlling for electrification and other major technology transformations when evaluating the growth of carbon emissions at different stages of development. Prior to World War I, carbon emissions grew faster than economic growth by 2.3% per year. As electricity use expanded and steam engines became much larger, carbon emissions began to grow slower than economic growth by 1.6% per year. Adjusting to this technological shift, an expanding economy continues to increase carbon emissions by about 9% for each 10% faster growth. There is little evidence of a decline in this elasticity as the income level rises. These results suggest that the USA today will need to find additional policies to curb carbon emissions if it wishes to prevent any further increase in its per capita emissions, and if its per capita economy grows by more than 1.8% per year.
Multiple-compartment chip for parallel recordings of epileptic activity from organotypic cultures

Organotypic hippocampal slice culture is an in vitro model of post-traumatic epilepsy. To increase experimental throughput for development of anti-epileptic drugs, we designed a system for parallel recordings of neural activity from several cultures. We recorded spontaneous electrical activity from four organotypic cultures on the same recording chip for more than seven weeks. We confirmed that hippocampal cultures develop spontaneous epileptiform activity. Cultures exhibited a quiet latent period followed by interictal and ictal epileptiform activity.
Home range and movement patterns of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) on artificial reefs

Abstract Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) are associated with artificial habitats in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). However, fine-scale movements and use of artificial reefs by red snapper over diel periods is unclear. Both manual and passive telemetry were used to examine fine-scale movement patterns and residence time of red snapper around artificial habitats to evaluate the importance of these structures to this species. Red snapper (550–745 mm TL; n = 12) were manually tracked at artificial reefs in the northeastern GOM over 24-h periods. Fish stayed near the artificial reefs (
The Continuum of Psychosis Proneness and Schizotypal Traits: A Comment on Loas, et al. (2013):

Summary.—Loas, Dimassi, Monestes, and Yon (2013) studied a version of the Cognitive Slippage Scale and the Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale in support of the view that thought disorder and withdrawal are highly correlated with schizotypy, a central concept in investigations of the vulnerability for schizophrenia. As a brief comment on Loas, et al., I will draw attention to the need for expanding studies of schizotypal traits and the possibility of using these scales with adolescents and young adults who are developing personality disorders as well as with individuals who have experienced prodromal phases of psychosis. Investigations of the Cognitive Slippage Scale and the Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale might be enhanced by conducting studies with individuals at different points on the psychosis continuum, including those who have developed schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, as well as with their first-degree relatives.
Network Analog for the Truss Problem

Mathematical analogy is presented between network problem and truss problem which allows formulation of truss problem to be made, using graph theory, which corresponds to node method for network; formulation is independent of degree of statical indeterminacy; 3 dimensional numerical example is included.
A Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle Power Converter for a Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Small Modular Reactor

Although a number of power conversion applications have been identified or have even been developed (e.g., waste heat recovery) for supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) cycles including fossil fuel combustors, concentrated solar power (i.e., solar power towers), and marine propulsion, the benefits of S-CO2 Brayton cycle power conversion are especially prominent for applications to nuclear power reactors. In particular, the S-CO2 Brayton cycle is well matched to the Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) nuclear power reactor system and offers significant benefits for SFRs. The recompression closed Brayton cycle is highly recuperated and wants to operate with an approximate optimal S-CO2 temperature rise in the sodium-to-CO2 heat exchangers of about 150 °C which is well matched to the sodium temperature rise through the core that is also about 150 °C. Use of the S-CO2 Brayton cycle eliminates sodium-water reactions and can reduce the nuclear power plant cost per unit electrical power. A conceptual design of an optimized S-CO2 Brayton cycle power converter and supporting systems has been developed for the Advanced Fast Reactor – 100 (AFR-100) 100 MWe-class (250 MWt) SFR Small Modular Reactor (SMR). The AFR-100 is under ongoing development at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) to target emerging markets where a clean, secure, and stable source of electricity is required but a large-scale power plant cannot be accommodated. The S-CO2 Brayton cycle components and cycle conditions were optimized to minimize the power plant cost per unit electrical power (i.e., $/kWe). For a core outlet temperature of 550 °C and turbine inlet temperature of 517 °C, a cycle efficiency of 42.3 % is calculated that exceeds that obtained with a traditional superheated steam cycle by one percentage point or more. A normal shutdown heat removal system incorporating a pressurized pumped S-CO2 loop slightly above the critical pressure on each of the two intermediate sodium loops has been developed to remove heat from the reactor when the power converter is shut down. Three-dimensional layouts of S-CO2 Brayton cycle power converter and shutdown heat removal components and piping have been determined and three-dimensional CAD drawings prepared. The S-CO2 Brayton cycle power converter is found to have a small footprint reducing the space requirements for components and systems inside of both the turbine generator building and reactor building. The results continue to validate earlier notions about the benefits of S-CO2 Brayton cycle power conversion for SFRs including higher efficiency, improved economics, elimination of sodium-water reactions, load following, and smaller footprint.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Explaining the Paradox of Issue Convergence: A Closer Look at the Content and Strategy of Campaign Messaging

The most prominent theories about how candidates choose which issues to emphasize share a common prediction, that candidates will prime favorable issues in order to raise their salience, but fail to explain why competing candidates so often discuss the same issues. I propose the candidates may also seek to make already-salient issues more favorable, by framing them in terms of their most positive aspects and providing information to voters about their positions and competence on these issues. To test predictions about when candidates will use these alternative strategies, I introduce an original dataset which measures the discussion of issues on the websites of more than 200 major-party US Senate candidates between 2002 and 2008. I demonstrate that candidates choose which strategies to employ based upon their own characteristics as well as the electoral context, providing strong evidence that campaigns serve a far broader purpose than simply to prime certain issues. These findings offer a starkly different perspective on issue emphasis than that of previous researchers, and offer a framework for future studies to develop a much more accurate view of political campaigns.
Advanced nodal stage predicts venous thromboembolism in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract Objectives Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are known to be at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), but previous studies have not specifically analyzed locally advanced disease. We performed a retrospective VTE risk analysis in a cohort of locally advanced NSCLC treated with definitive intent including radiation therapy. Materials and methods The cohort consisted of 629 patients with stage II–III NSCLC treated at a single institution from January 2003 to December 2012. All patients received treatment with curative intent, including radiation therapy. Fine and Gray’s competing-risks regression model, accounting for death and distant metastasis as competing risks, was used to identify significant predictors of VTE risk, and cumulative incidence estimates were generated using the competing-risks model. Results and conclusion At a median follow-up of 31 months, 127 patients developed a VTE, with 80% of events occurring in the first year after treatment initiation. 1-year and 3-year overall cumulative incidence estimates were 13.5% and 15.4%, respectively. On univariate analysis, stage IIIB and N3 nodal disease were associated with increased VTE risk. In the final multivariable model, N3 nodal disease was associated with increased VTE risk (Hazard ratio 1.64; 95% CI 1.06–2.54; p = 0.027). In conclusion, patients with locally advanced NSCLC are at high risk for VTE, especially in the first year after treatment initiation, with a 1-year cumulative incidence of 13.5%. N3 nodal staging was associated with significantly higher VTE risk compared to N0-N2 staging.
Envisioning an alternative to the neoliberalization of education in the global south: the Aga Khan's philosophies of education

ABSTRACTStudies in education over the past decade highlight the hijacking of educational agendas by neoliberal rationalities and logics. I illustrate these processes in relation to transnational campaigns for girls’ education, where the purpose of ‘education’ is reduced to producing wage-based labor and an accumulation of skills that enhance labor flexibility. ‘Girls’ are primarily articulated as economic actors: potential consumers, labor, and/or entrepreneurs. This reduction of individuals and social projects to economic logics calls for counter-discourses. I delineate one (among many possible) alternate framing of education by foregrounding muslim epistemologies. I present the views of the Shi'i muslim leader, His Highness the Aga Khan, about education, its purpose, and its entanglement with international development. Through a close reading and coding of over 30 public speeches and interviews of the Aga Khan between 1994 and 2015, I outline three salient themes pertaining to self, community, and meani...
Iterative joint inversion of P-wave and S-wave crosswell traveltime data

Joint inversion of multiple geophysical data-sets is promising to reduce uncertainties in independently inverted models. Here, we present an iterative joint inversion approach for P and S traveltime data using crossgradient function as constraint term. This type of joint inversion scheme links independent inversions through iterations and the cross-gradient function. The primary advantage of this joint inversion strategy is to avoid determining relative weighting of different data-sets. To investigate the performance of this method, we test our algorithm in synthetic examples of P and S traveltime data and field data acquired in west Texas. The results of synthetic example show that the joint inversion significantly reduces the ambiguities of inverted models and improves the identification of boundaries. In results of field data, jointly inverted S velocities have better correlation with P velocities. Moreover, lithologies delineated from Vp/Vs map by joint inversion matches log data very well and also shows clearly a dipping structure below reservoir that was not shown in previous crosswell tomography results.
A PECULIAR EPISODE FROM THE ‘STRUGGLE OF THE ORDERS’? LIVY AND THE LICINIO-SEXTIAN ROGATIONS*

The struggle for and passage of the so-called Licinio-Sextian rogations of 367 b.c. is generally regarded as the climactic moment of the ‘struggle of the orders’. According to Livy, this year saw the ratification of a package of three laws. One limited possession of land. Another required that all money having been paid toward the interest on a debt be counted against the principal, and that the remainder of the debt be paid off in three annual instalments. The third law, which has received far the most attention in the sources and in modern scholarship, ended the practice of the annual election of tribuni militum consulari potestate, restoring the two-man consulship and requiring that one of the two consuls each year come from the plebs. The centrality of the struggle over these laws in Livy's account of the fourth century and their obvious effect, as reflected in the fasti by the subsequent election of two consuls every year, have led scholars to accept as genuine the tradition that an important reform of the Roman constitution took place in this year. However, every element of the laws, and of the narrative of how those laws came to be, has come under the scrutiny of modern scholarship. The most thoroughgoing of these criticisms is that offered by von Fritz, who argued that Livy and his sources completely misunderstood the tradition that they were interpreting.
Re-Considering Migration Within Colonial New England

As new perspectives revitalize the study of colonial New England, scholars seem to be abandoning the linear "Puritan-communal-village-undone-by-individualism" model for an increasingly complicated set of questions about the connections between economic growth and socio-cultural change. Despite the number and methodological variety of town studies now published, as well as the growing body of specialized examinations of issues such as inheritance patterns and household consumption, we still have little detailed knowledge about one of the regional phenomena which most historians casually acknowledge to be very important the migration of people from the older-settled towns to newer areas as the product of general population growth. Even when regional change over time is the central concern, geographic mobility itself has rarely been brought into focus as the principal question.1 In response to an earlier scholarly generation's insistence that the recurring migration of "men [sk] on the make" to cheaper frontier land was the essence of American culture, for the last twenty years students have empha? sized the static aspects of colonial New Englanders' lives by scrutinizing their relationships within communities or counting their property at death. Short shrift is usually given to the earlier experiences of "arrivers" in a town or the postemigration experiences of "leavers," although residential mobility is often implicitly interpreted as the catalyst ofa change in values.2 The few recent analyses of intra-regional migration itself, conversely, have lacked the detailed information about socio-economic context that would illuminate the causation and subjec? tive meaning of such an experience.3 Casting a more focused empirical light on migration requires a detailed collective portrait ofa sample of migrants whose lives can be analyzed along many dimensions. This essay presents such a test case: the migrants from Northampton, Massachusetts, to other communities from about 1660 (when the first generation of settlement stabilized) to 1770. Approximately seven to eight hundred adult men lived in the arguably typical prosperous agricultural town of Northampton during this period, and about 230 of them aged 21 or older moved out of town.4 Of that 230,17 settled elsewhere after attending Harvard or Yale College, and for 201 others the timing and destination of their moves have been reliably identi? fied. Although a full picture of their post-migration lives must await further research, the fortuitous depth of Northampton records permits an intensive analysis of these men (and their families) as "leavers" ofa stable community. These migrants all but a half-dozen of whom went to "frontier" areas command our attention because they contradict a persistent stereotype of the appeal of frontier economic opportunities, and because the patterns of their
Self-Management Techniques in IBD

Irrespective of the strength of a patient’s inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) care team, an individual will still likely spend less than 3 h per year obtaining care or in communication with their provider(s) and the rest of the time “self-managing.” In this chapter, we (1) define self-management and discuss the unique features of IBD which make self-management particularly challenging, (2) describe the role of self-management support on health outcomes in IBD, and (3) discuss the importance of social-cognitive theory in the development and implementation of self-management support for IBD, including the types of techniques, constructs, and sample programs which fit within this model.
Biliary Strictures from Liver Transplantation

Biliary strictures after liver transplantation represent a significant cause of morbidity. Despite improvements in imaging, operative technique, and management, biliary complications are the most common cause of readmissions and adverse outcomes after transplant. Strictures manifest either at the anastomosis or in multiple other locations of the biliary tree which are referred to as nonanastomotic strictures. Risk factors include older donor age, marginal grafts including donation after cardiac death and living donor liver transplant grafts, and prolonged ischemia time. Treatment is best served with a multimodality approach with very high success rates in most cases.
Chi-Squared Analysis: Testing for Patterns in Qualitative Data

This chapter provides an overview of the Chi-squared analysis. Qualitative data are summarized using counts and percentages in the chapter. The Chi-squared tests provide hypothesis tests for qualitative data when there are categories instead of numbers. The Chi-squared statistic measures the difference between the actual counts and the expected counts (based on the null hypothesis. The Chi-squared test for equality of percentages is used to decide whether a table of observed counts or percentages (summarizing a single qualitative variable) could reasonably have come from a population with known percentages (the reference values). For the Chi-squared statistic, the expected count for each category is the population reference percentage multiplied by the sample size, n . The degrees of freedom equal the number of categories minus 1. If the Chi-squared statistic is larger than the critical value from the Chi-squared table at the appropriate degrees of freedom, there is evidence that the observed counts are very different from those expected for your reference percentages. In this case, the null hypothesis would be rejected and the research hypothesis, accepted. If the chi-squared statistic is smaller than the critical value from the Chi-squared table, then the observed data are not very different from what is expected, based on the reference percentages.
GPhase: Greedy Approach for Accurate Haplotype Inferencing

We consider the computational problem of phasing an individual genotype sample given a collection of known haplotypes in the population. We give a fast and accurate algorithm GPhase for reconstructing haplotype pair consistent with input genotype. It uses the coalescent based mutation model of Stephens and Donnelly (2000). Computing optimal solution under this model is expensive and our algorithm uses a greedy approximation for fast and accurate estimation. Our algorithm is simple, efficient and has linear time and space complexity. Experiments on real datasets revealed improved gene level phasing accuracy for GPhase tool compared to other widely used tools such as SHAPEIT, Beagle, MaCH and Impute2. On simulated data, GPhase tool was able to phase samples each containing more than 1700 markers with high accuracy. GPhase can be used for gene level phasing of individual samples using publicly available haplotype datasets such as HapMap data or 1000 genome data. This finds applications in studies on recessive Mendelian disorders where parent data is lacking. GPhase is freely available for download and use from https://github.com/kshitijtayal/GPhase/.
Software- and hardware-in-the-loop verification of flight dynamics model and flight control simulation of a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle

Unmanned aerial system (UAS) use is ever-increasing. In this paper, it is shown that even with low-cost hardware and open-source software, simple numerical testing practices (software- and hardware-in-the-loop) can prove the accuracy and usefulness of an aeronautical flight model, as well as provide valuable pre-flight testing of many situations typically only encountered in flight: high winds, hardware failure, etc. Software and hardware simulation results are compared with actual flight testing results to show that these modeling and testing techniques are accurate and provide a useful testing platform for a small unmanned aerial vehicle. Source code used in simulation is open and provided to the community.
Building a Sense of Art in Today's World

(1992). Building a Sense of Art in Today's World. Studies in Art Education: Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 71-85.
Quantitative analysis of the human upper-limp kinematic model for robot-based rehabilitation applications

Upper-limb robotic rehabilitation systems should inform the therapists for their patients status. Such therapy systems must be developed carefully by taking into consideration real life uncertainties that associate with sensor error. In our paper, we describe a system which is composed of a depth camera that tracks the motion of the patients upper limb, and a robotic manipulator that challenges the patient with repetitive exercises. The goal of this study is to propose a motion analysis system that improves the readings of the depth camera, through the use of a kinematic model that describes the motion of the human arm. In our current experimental set-up we are using the Kinect v2 to capture a participant who performs rehabilitation exercises with the Barrett WAM robotic manipulator. Finally, we provide a numerical comparison among the stand alone measurements from the Kinect v2, the estimated motion parameters of our system and the VICON, which we consider as an error-free ground truth apparatus.
It's got to 'fit' – exploring corporate sponsorship decisions for festivals

The sponsorship decision criteria for a local, but significant, non-sporting event is examined via in depth interviews and a grounded theory-based qualitative methodology. Transcripts of in depth interviews of the key sponsorship decision makers at 30 sponsoring firms across a range of business categories were systematically coded to identify sponsorship decision criteria. 29 of the 30 respondents mentioned 'fit' as a key criterion in the decision to sponsor. Further probing during the interviews revealed that the concept of 'fit' takes on multiple dimensions and meanings: 1) an altruism component of community goodwill and personal linkage; 2) a marketing component of both business-to-business and business-to-consumer; 3) an internal organisation component of employee relations and employee involvement were determined to be variations in the defining of the concept. Findings are discussed and directions for future research identified.
The influence of ditributive and procedural criteria on subjective justice judgements

Living in society requires a co-ordination of interests, and one of the co-ordination rules is a rule of justice. Subjective justice judgements are related to a degree to which an individual accepts a resolution of a situation. Justice judgements are very important in cases of argument and dispute resolution. Subjective justice judgement is a compromise between self-interest situation resolution and necessity to follow socially acceptable norms and rules of justice. The author analyses factors influencing subjective justice judgements in a dispute resolution context. Some problems of practical application of justice theories are also outlined.
‘Think differently, get creative’: producing precarity in India’s corporate theater culture industry

ABSTRACTIn India’s rapidly developing global cities, large multinational corporations implement theater-based corporate training programs that are designed to inspire employees to be more dynamic, aspirational, and self-motivated at work. Offering a performance ethnography of a week-long Theatre in Excellence program hosted in Bangalore (2014), I suggest that the theater-based corporate training process is a site where the emergent Indian neoliberal laboring subject is being talked about, experimented with, and actively shaped. These practices illuminate how within India, a previously colonized nation undergoing rapid economic restructuring, theater and performance techniques are used to both interrogate and reproduce employee precarity within neoliberal capitalism.
Binary Approach to Ternary Cluster Expansions: NO–O–Vacancy System on Pt(111)

Cluster expansions (CEs) provide an exact framework for representing the configurational energy of interacting adsorbates at a surface. Coupled with Monte Carlo methods, they can be used to predict both equilibrium and dynamic processes at surfaces. In this work, we propose a three-binary-to-single-ternary (TBST) fitting procedure, in which a ternary CE is approximated as a linear combination of the three binary CEs (O–vac, NO–vac, and NO–O) obtained by fitting to the three binary legs. We first construct a full ternary CE by fitting to a database of density functional theory (DFT) computed energies of configurations across a full range of adsorbate configurations and then construct a second ternary using the TBST approach. We compare two approaches for the NO–O–vacancy system on the (111) surface of Pt, a system of relevance to the catalytic oxidation of NO. We find that the TBST model matches the ternary CE to within 0.018 eV/site across a wide range of configurations. Further, surface coverages and NO ...
Long-term Graft Survival After Kidney Allograft Torsion: Rapid Diagnosis and Surgical Management Key to Reversibility of Injury

Abstract Introduction Kidney allograft torsion (KAT) is a rare complication of kidney transplantation (KT) that occurs when the transplanted kidney rotates around its vascular pedicle, which may result in a catastrophic compromise of the graft's blood supply, deterioration of kidney function, and eventually premature graft death. Case Report We report the case of a patient who had an acute kidney injury (AKI) episode from KAT. Her diagnosis was ascertained expeditiously and she had prompt surgical management. Five years after the KAT event, her baseline creatinine (Cr) stabilized around 1.6 mg/dL and she has achieved >8-year graft survival. Discussion This case illustrates the reversibility of injury that can occur after a KAT event with a commensurate return to baseline kidney function when KAT is promptly diagnosed and treated. A high index of suspicion of this uncommon but catastrophic complication of KT must be maintained to achieve desirable long-term outcomes. A diagnosis of KAT must be considered when routine etiologies of an acute deterioration of kidney allograft function have been excluded. Finally, prophylactic nephropexy must be strongly considered with intraperitoneal placement of a kidney allograft to avoid KAT.
10 – Statutory Protections for Individual Rights

For Americans, the words “Constitution” and “rights” go together like the proverbial horse and carriage. But the Constitution is not the only source in law for the protection of individual rights. As you will recall, the Constitution limits the powers of government, but does not apply against private sector entities. Congress, however, has the power under its commerce and general welfare clauses to prohibit, require, or regulate the conduct of private parties that are engaged in interstate commerce (as virtually every entity is). As a result, the richest source of individual rights protections is statutes enacted by Congress. For example, the U.S. Code contains laws that prohibit discrimination in employment, housing, credit, public accommodations, and education; that mandate consumer protections such as the Truth in Lending Act; that require safe workplaces; that provide a right to clean drinking water; that ban child labor; and that address many other concerns which can be grouped under the heading of individual rights.
Ten Myths about New Product Development

(1972). Ten Myths about New Product Development. Research Management: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 33-42.
Hereditary Fructose Intolerance

Symptoms of neurological impairment in five children with hereditary fructose intolerance are described from the Service de Pediatrie, Hopital Antoine Beclere, Clamart, France.
Sanctification in a new key: relieving evangelical anxieties over spiritual formation

This article is meant to be an apologetic for spiritual formation to those within the evangelical tradition who find themselves concerned about its emphases. Eight common objections to spiritual fo...
A tutorial on joint models of neural and behavioral measures of cognition

Abstract A growing synergy between the fields of cognitive neuroscience and mathematical psychology has sparked the development of several unique statistical approaches exploiting the benefits of both disciplines (Turner, Forstmann et al., 2017). One approach in particular, called joint modeling, attempts to model the covariation between the parameters of “submodels” intended to capture important patterns in each stream of data. Joint models present an interesting opportunity to transcend conventional levels of analyses (e.g., Marr’s hierarchy; Marr, 1982) by providing fully integrative models (Love, 2015). In this manuscript, we provide a tutorial of two flavors of joint models — the Directed and Covariance approaches. Computational procedures have been developed to apply these approaches to a number of cognitive tasks, yet neither have been made accessible to a wider audience. Here, we provide a step-by-step walkthrough on how to develop submodels of each stream of data, as well as how to link the important model parameters to form one cohesive model. For convenience, we provide code that uses the Just Another Gibbs Sampler (Plummer, 2003) software to perform estimation of the model parameters. We close with a demonstration of the approach applied to actual data from a contrast discrimination task where activation parameters of early visual areas are directly mapped to the drift rate parameter in a simplified version of the diffusion decision model (Ratcliff, 1978).
Tailoring the Current-Driven Domain Wall Motion by Varying the Relative Thickness of Two Heavy Metal Underlayers

Current-driven domain wall motion (DWM) in heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnet (FM)/oxide heterogeneous structures has attracted strong research interests due to its potential applications in novel magnetic memory and logic devices. It has been reported that current-driven DWM can be either along or against the current direction depending on the selection of HM and/or FM materials. Here, we study the current-driven DWM in a perpendicularly magnetized system with two HM underlayers (Pt and W) that are of opposite spin Hall angles. Instead of changing the material, it is observed that domain walls can move along opposite directions by varying the relative thickness of the two underlayers. We attribute such phenomenon to the competition of two spin currents with opposite signs of spin polarization injected into the ferromagnetic layer. More evidence is shown by the spin Hall effect-induced switching under a fixed in-plane field, where opposite switching behaviors are observed for devices with different relative thicknesses of the underlayers.
Cytological Analysis of Meiosis in Fixed Drosophila Ovaries

Methods are described to analyze two different parts of the Drosophila ovary, which correspond to early stages (pachytene) and late stages (metaphase I and beyond) of meiosis. In addition to taking into account morphology, the techniques differ by fixation conditions and the method to isolate the tissue. Most of these methods are whole mounts, which preserve the three-dimensional structure.