cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeted α particle immunotherapy for myeloid leukemia

Unlike β particle–emitting isotopes, α emitters can selectively kill individual cancer cells with a single atomic decay. HuM195, a humanized anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody, specifically targets myeloid leukemia cells and has activity against minimal disease. When labeled with the β-emitters 131I and 90Y, HuM195 can eliminate large leukemic burdens in patients, but it produces prolonged myelosuppression requiring hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at high doses. To enhance the potency of native HuM195 yet avoid the nonspecific cytotoxicity of β-emitting constructs, the α-emitting isotope 213Bi was conjugated to HuM195. Eighteen patients with relapsed and refractory acute myelogenous leukemia or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia were treated with 10.36 to 37.0 MBq/kg 213Bi-HuM195. No significant extramedullary toxicity was seen. All 17 evaluable patients developed myelosuppression, with a median time to recovery of 22 days. Nearly all the 213Bi-HuM195 rapidly localized to and was retained in areas of leukemic involvement, including the bone marrow, liver, and spleen. Absorbed dose ratios between these sites and the whole body were 1000-fold greater than those seen with β-emitting constructs in this antigen system and patient population. Fourteen (93%) of 15 evaluable patients had reductions in circulating blasts, and 14 (78%) of 18 patients had reductions in the percentage of bone marrow blasts. This study demonstrates the safety, feasibility, and antileukemic effects of 213Bi-HuM195, and it is the first proof-of-concept for systemic targeted α particle immunotherapy in humans.
A State-Space Approach to Perennial Crop Supply Analysis

In perennial crop supply analysis, separate estimation of the qualitatively different new planting and replanting decisions is desirable. Commonly, data paucity restricts estimation to a single reduced form equation. This study develops a dynamic unobserved components method where separate estimation of the structural equations is possible in the absence of detailed data on new plantings and replantings. The proposed method is empirically implemented in a case study of the Florida grapefruit industry. In terms of both statistical and forecasting performance, the proposed structural approach is found superior to a single equation reduced form specification.
Red balloon, green balloon, sensors in the sky

Spectacle computing is a novel strategy for vibrantly projecting information into the public sphere using expressive and tangible media. We demonstrate an example of this computing meme with large, glowing balloons that change color based on input from attached air quality sensors (exhaust, diesel, or volatile organic compounds). In two public installations (city street and public park) and a deployment with six everyday citizens, we invited stakeholders to playfully explore and actively participate in visualizing surrounding air quality. We also created a do-it-yourself (DIY) kit that includes a printed circuit board, electronic parts and instructions for building the air quality balloons. In a workshop, six non-expert users successfully assembled functional balloons, validating our technology as a DIY tool for public air quality visualization. Our deployments and workshop highlight play and spectacle as essential elements for public participation and activism. We outline design guidelines for future spectacle computing projects that engage stakeholders with environmental data and empower them to transform urban landscapes.
A Model for Studying Drying at Hydrophobic Interfaces: Structural and Thermodynamic Properties†

The structural and thermodynamic properties of a water droplet enclosed in a spherical cavity embedded in a hydrophobic material are studied. The structure of the interface between water and the hydrophobic material is analyzed as a function of cavity size, pressure, and the water−wall interaction potential. The propensity to form a density-enhanced (wet) or density-depleted (dry) interface is assessed by free-energy perturbation calculations. At high pressure, water wets the hydrophobic material, and at low pressure, the interface is dry. At ambient pressure, the specific equilibrium structure of the interface depends on the water−wall interaction potential. With a purely repulsive water−wall interaction potential, the water density at the interface is characteristic of a water−vapor interface (the dry state). The addition of dispersion attraction between water and the hydrophobic material causes notable structural changes; the width of the interface is reduced from approximately 4 A to less than 1 A, an...
Increased angiotensin II type-1 receptor gene expression in neuronal cultures from spontaneously hypertensive rats.

In this study we compared the expression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) and AT1 receptors in neurons cultured from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat brains. Neuronal cultures from the hypothalamus and brain-stem of 1-day-old SH rats exhibited approximately 4-fold higher steady-state levels of AT1 receptor mRNA than the corresponding WKY cultures. This was attributable to greater levels of both AT1A and AT1B receptor mRNA subtypes in SH rat neuronal cultures compared with WKY rat neurons. SH rat neuronal cultures also exhibited increased numbers (approximately 2.3-fold) of binding sites for [3H]DuP753, an AT1 receptor selective ligand, and enhanced (approximately 3.4-fold) stimulation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis by angiotensin II compared with WKY neurons. By contrast, cultured astroglia from SH and WKY rat brain exhibited no significant differences in either the levels of AT1 receptor mRNA or the specific binding of [3H]DuP753. These data sugg...
In Search of Sleep: It's a Family Affair

It was only 1953 when the first laboratory sleep studies were initiated with healthy young men as research subjects. Today, we know more about women’s sleep and that poor sleep affects health in many ways. However, we are no closer to understanding the basic function of sleep or how to best intervene to prevent or minimize the adverse health effects of poor sleep. As diurnal creatures, we are meant to sleep when it is dark and be awake when it is light. As experienced shiftworkers will tell you, it is very difficult to work when it is dark, but nurses manage to do so when called upon. Sleep during pregnancy and postpartum poses more of a challenge than even a shiftworker faces, with the start of essentially what becomes a “double shift” maternal role involving scheduled employment during the day and seemingly endless nightly awakenings for infant care.
Using Taoist principle of the unity of opposites to explain conflict and peace.

This article explains the principle of the unity of opposites in Taoist psychology and its implications for understanding social cognition and the meaning of Taoist awareness in human domains. In addition, it describes the distinctions between personal awareness and Taoist awareness. It is maintained that psychological conflict stems from applying the personal awareness to evaluating, explaining, and adjusting our mental and interpersonal relationships, whereas peace stems from following the Taoist principle.
The role of different pore sizes in the biocompatibility of two polypropylene meshes used in pre-sacral rectopexy: experimental study in dogs

The role of different pore sizes in the biocompatibility of two polypropylene meshes used in pre-sacral rectopexy: experimental study in dogs
Characterization of Fractionated Soy Proteins Produced by a New Simplified Procedure

It was possible to fractionate soy protein into two soy protein isolate fractions (>90% protein) enriched in either glycinin or β-conglycinin by using a new simplified procedure (referred to as the Deak procedure) employing CaCl2 and NaHSO3. The Deak procedure produced fractions with higher yields of solids, protein, and isoflavones, and similar protein purities as well as improved functional properties compared to fractions recovered by established, more complex soy protein fractionation procedures. The Deak glycinin-rich fraction comprised 15.5% of the solids, 24.4% of the protein, and 20.5% of the isoflavones in the starting soy flour, whereas the glycinin-rich fraction of the established procedure (Wu procedure) comprised only 11.6% of the solids, 22.3% of the protein, and 9.6% of the isoflavones. The Deak β-conglycinin-rich fraction comprised 23.1% of the solids, 37.1% of the protein, and 37.5% of the isoflavones in the starting soy flour, whereas the Wu β-conglycinin-rich fraction comprised only 11.5% of the solids, 18.5% of the protein, and 3.3% of the isoflavones. Protein purities were >80% for both fractions when using both procedures. The Wu procedure produced protein fractions with slightly higher solubilities and similar surface hydrophobicities; whereas, the fractions produced by the Deak procedure had superior emulsification and foaming properties and similar dynamic viscosity behaviors.
Total Diet Studies — Experiences in the United States

Total Diet Studies in the United States (U.S.) are conducted yearly by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to monitor the safety and quality of the U.S. food supply and to monitor the dietary intakes of population subgroups with respect to pesticide residues, industrial chemicals, radionuclides, heavy metals, and nutrient minerals. The program has been ongoing since 1961 and has evolved over the years based on resources available to FDA and concerns about the food supply and dietary intake. Currently, the programs are based on a core food concept in which 265 core foods of the U.S. food supply are collected four times per year and analyzed individually for the analytes of interest. The core food approach has specific advantages and disadvantages with regard to monitoring the safety and nutritional adequacy of a national food supply.
Inhibition of platelet aggregation by acyl-CoA thioesters

Abstract The aggregation of platelets induced by ADP, collagen, or epinephrine in human platelet-rich plasma is inhibited by long chain acyl-CoA thioesters. Palmityl-CoA exerts a concentration dependent inhibition of collagen-induced aggregation of the primary and secondary waves of ADP-induced aggregation. Palmitlyl-CoA also inhibits the secondary wave of epinephrine-induced aggregation but has no effect on the primary wave. The inhibitory effect of palmityl-CoA can be reversed by addition of excess ADP and cannot be attributed to a detergent action.
A sensible approach to the nutritional support of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients.

Objectives The goal of this review is to educate physicians in the details of nutritional support of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients.
Antitumor effects of gossypol on murine tumors

Since the male antifertility drug, gossypol, was shown to be a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis at moderately low doses in cultured cells, its antitumor potential has been evaluated in three murine tumor models. The effects of gossypol on tumor growth and the survival of 10-to 12-week-old BDF1 mice bearing mouse mammary adenocarcinoma 755 (Ca 755) or P388 or L1210 leukemias, all injected IP, were measured. At an optimum dose of 0.5 mg/mouse given as a single injection at 2 days (48 h) after the inoculation of 105 Ca 755 tumor cells, gossypol rendered 66% of the mice free of tumor cells, whereas the remaining 34% died of drug toxicity. The survival rate decreased sharply at doses on either side of the optimum. At suboptimal doses a major proportion of the tumor-bearing mice died of tumor, whereas at higher doses all the animals died of drug toxicity. In other words, the effective dose range of gossypol was rather narrow. The rapidly proliferating mouse leukemias, P388 and L1210, failed to respond to gossypol. Histopathological studies of various organs in the gossypol-treated mice revealed no consistent lesions that could give an indication of organ-specific toxicity of gossypol. The reduction in the myeloid series in the bone marrow of gossypol-treated mice may have been due to depletion rather than direct toxic effect. Further studies are essential to evaluate this compound with regard to its antitumor activity in other murine models.
Cytogenetic effects of DDT and derivatives of DDT in a cultured mammalian cell line.

Abstract Cytogenetic effects of p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD, o,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDA were investigated in a mammalian cell line (rat kangaroo). In this cell line, p,p′-DDA was toxic at 200 μg/ml, and the other compounds caused toxic effects at concentrations of 20–50 μg/ml. Mitotic inhibition was moderate in cultures treated with p,p′- or o,p′-DDT and slight in those treated with p,p′- and o,p′-DDD or DDE; none was observed with p,pt-DDA. The p,p′-isomers of DDT, DDD and DDE produced a 2-fold increase in chromosome abnormalities as compared with their corresponding o,p′-isomers. At a concentration of 10 μg/ml, the p,p′-isomers of DDT, DDD and DDE caused chromosome damage in 22.4, 15.5 and 13.7% of the cells, respectively. Of these cells, approximately 12% of the chromosome damage caused by p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE was exchange figures; only 1.2% of the abnormalities caused by p,p′-DDD was exchange figures. The o,p′-isomers and control cells exhibited no exchange figures.
A prospective, randomized trial comparing expansile cervical laminoplasty and cervical laminectomy and fusion for multilevel cervical myelopathy.

Background Controversy exists as to the best posterior operative procedure to treat multilevel compressive cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Objective To determine clinical, radiological, and patient satisfaction outcomes between expansile cervical laminoplasty (ECL) and cervical laminectomy and fusion (CLF). Methods We performed a prospective, randomized study of ECL vs CLF in patients suffering from cervical spondylotic myelopathy. End points included the Short Form-36, Neck Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale, modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score, Nurick score, and radiographic measures. Results A survey of academic North American spine surgeons (n = 30) demonstrated that CLF is the most commonly used (70%) posterior procedure to treat multilevel spondylotic cervical myelopathy. A total of 16 patients were randomized: 7 to CLF and 9 to ECL. Both groups showed improvements in their Nurick grade and Japanese Orthopedic Association score postoperatively, but only the improvement in the Nurick grade for the ECL group was statistically significant (P Conclusion In many respects, ECL compares favorably to CLF. Although the patient numbers were small, there were significant improvements in pain measures in the ECL group while still maintaining range of motion. Restoration of spinal canal area was superior in the CLF group.
Coastal Upwelling/Downwelling Cycles in Southern Lake Superior

Abstract Extensive current meter, hydrographic and wind data were collected in the region of the Keweenaw Current, a strong coastal jet, during the late spring and early summer regime of Lake Superior. These data were compared with surface wind and pressure patterns over the region with the following conclusions: 1) Longshore winds associated with migrating low-pressure systems generate onshore Ekman transport and coastal downwelling. The coastal downwelling results in an intensification of the onshore internal pressure gradient, and consequently the coastal jet. Speeds of over 75 cm s−1 are both observed and calculated, suggesting the Keweenaw Current, at these times, is in geostrophic equilibrium. 2) Longshore winds associated with migrating high-pressure systems generate offshore Ekman transport and coastal upwelling. Upwelling velocities of 13-50 m day−1, an offshore surface transport layer of 10 m, a near-shore deceleration of the Keweenaw Current and current direction fluctuations of near- and sub-i...
Military sexual assault and homeless women veterans: Clinical correlates and treatment preferences

Abstract Background Both homeless women and women who have experienced military sexual assault (MSA) are at high risk of serious psychological sequelae. However, little is known about the combined impact of MSA and current homelessness on psychological distress, or about distinctive treatment preferences among homeless female veterans affected by MSA. Methods This observational study compared clinical symptoms, pre-military experiences, and treatment preferences among 509 female veterans with and without MSA who enrolled in 11 VA Homeless Women Veterans Programs. Results Over one third of participants (41.1%) reported MSA. In multivariate analyses, homeless female veterans who reported MSA endorsed greater severity of PTSD and other psychiatric symptoms. Those who had experienced MSA were more likely to report interest in treatment, and treatment focused on safety was reported as especially attractive. Conclusions Among homeless female veterans, MSA is associated with greater mental health symptoms and greater interest in safety-focused treatment. Services targeting the needs of homeless MSA survivors should be encouraged.
Microbial respiration in fly ash/sewage sludge amended soils

Microbial respiration within a Fox sandy loam and a Blount silt loam was assessed after addition of acidic (pH 3·5) and alkaline (pH 12·2) fly ash (FoxAC, BlountAC, FoxAK and BlountAK, respectively). At the 20% alkaline ash rate, respiration was completely inhibited in the FoxAK and reduced by 97% in the BlountAK. In contrast, the 20% acidic ash rate reduced respiration in the FoxAC by 28% and in the BlountAC by 33%. Co-application of 5% composted sewage sludge to the ash-soil mixtures (FoxSSAC, BlountSSAC, FoxSSAK and BlountSSAK, respectively) improved respiration in both soils except for the 20% alkaline ash rate. Soil electrical conductivity, and concentrations of B, Mo, exchangeable Al and soluble anions were not closely associated with inhibition of respiration. In contrast, high pH appeared associated with decrease in respiration. Ecological Dose 50% (EcD50) values of the sewage-amended treatments were greater than for those of the non-sludge treatments for each sampling date as a result of the ameliorating properties of the sludge.
Criminals Become Tech Savvy

This installment of Attack Trends looks at the growing convergence of technically savvy computer crackers with financially motivated criminals. Historically, most computer crime on the Internet has not been financially motivated: It was the result of either curious or malicious technical attackers, called crackers. This changed as the Internet became more commercialized, with more of the public going online. Financially motivated actors in the fauna of the Internet's seedy underbelly—spammers and fraudsters—soon joined crackers to exploit this new potential goldmine.
Cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth are promoted by neurofascin NF155 and inhibited by NF186

Neurofascin (NF) is a neural cell adhesion molecule in the L1-family containing six Ig domains and multiple fibronectin type III (FnIII) repeats in its extracellular region. NF has many splicing variants and two of these are exemplars that have different cellular patterns of expression during development. NF186, which is expressed on neurons, contains an unusual mucin-like region and NF155, which is expressed on glia, contains a unique FnIII repeat with an RGD motif. Analysis of Fc fusion proteins representing different extracellular regions of NF indicate that NF186 inhibits cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth, and the inhibition is associated with the region containing the mucin-like domain. NF155 promotes neural cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth, and the RGD motif in its third FnIII repeat is critical for cell spreading and neurite outgrowth. The results suggest that different splicing variants of NF expressed on neurons and glia play distinct roles during neural development.
Microscopic evaluation of contaminants in ultra-high purity copper

Copper is one of few elements that have no long-lived radioisotopes and which can be electrodeposited to ultra-high levels of purity. Experiments probing neutrino properties and searching for direct evidence of dark matter require ultra-clean copper, containing the smallest possible quantities of radioactive contaminants. Important to the production of such copper is establishing the location and dispersion of contamination within the bulk material. Co-deposition of contaminants during copper electrodeposition and its relationship to nucleation and growth processes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS).
Primary ulceration of the ileum.

A case of primary ileal ulceration with local perforation is presented. Infectious, hormonal, and traumatic causes are discussed with regard to the current medical literature. The majority of patients with ileal ulceration require operation for complications, including perforation, bleeding and obstruction. Resection of the involved segment of intestine with primary reanastomosis is recommended
The impact of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and bundle branch block on the triage and outcome of ED patients with a suspected acute coronary syndrome: a multicenter study

We studied the impact on triage and outcome of the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and left/right bundle branch block (LBBB/RBBB) on the initial ED electrocardiogram (ECG) for patients with symptoms suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Secondary analysis of data from a prospective clinical trial of patients with chest pain or other symptoms suggesting ACS in six U.S. hospitals comparing patient demographics, clinical variables, and outcomes was used. Of 5,324 study patients, 3% had ECG-LVH, 3% had LBBB, 3% had RBBB, and 43% had ischemic ST segment or T wave abnormalities. Compared with patients without ST segment or T wave abnormalities, patients with ECG-LVH or BBB were older and were more likely to have a chief complaint of shortness of breath or a history of cardiac or related diseases. Patients with ECG-LVH or BBB had more diagnoses of congestive heart failure (CHF) and ACS compared with patients without these ECG abnormalities and were just as likely to have ACS as their diagnosis compared with patients with ischemic ST segment or T wave abnormalities. Having ECG-LVH or BBB did not alter the true-positive rate for ACS but increased the false-positive rate by almost 50%. Patients with ECG-LVH had approximately 3.5 times the 30-day mortality rate as those without these ECG abnormalities. It appears that for patients with symptoms suggestive of ACS, the presence of ECG-LVH or BBB did not alter the ability of ED clinicians to identify patients with ACS but was associated with a 50% higher false-positive admission rate compared with similar patients without these ECG abnormalities. With a short-term mortality rate 3.5 times that for patients without ECG-LVH, selected patients with ECG-LVH and symptoms suggesting ACS might benefit from hospitalization for further evaluation.
Adapting Manualized CBT for a Cognitively Delayed Child With Multiple Anxiety Disorders

This study examined the effectiveness of a modified cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) program for the treatment of a cognitively delayed 8-year-old girl presenting with social phobia, selective mutism, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Multimethod assessment, at pretreatment and posttreatment, included a semistructured diagnostic interview, self-reports, and parent and teacher reports. Cognitive delays were apparent at the initial assessment and confirmed on review of previous evaluations. CBT for anxious youth was implemented in a modified fashion to ensure that the methods built on the child’s competencies and were compatible with her developmental capacities. Following 20 CBT sessions, posttreatment assessment indicated significant reduction in anxiety symptoms, as indicated by the diagnostic interview and self-report and other report of symptomatology. The child no longer met diagnostic criteria for GAD or selective mutism at posttreatment. The case study illustrates how CBT can be modified and...
New species and records of Psocoptera from the Kuril Islands

Records of 28 species of Psocoptera are given from the Kuril Islands. Ten species are new to science and are named and described in the following genera: Bertkauia Kolbe (2 spp.), Caecilius Curtis (1 sp.), Valenzuela Navas (2 spp.), Enderleinella Badonnel (1 sp.), Paracaecilius Badonnel (1 sp.), Stenopsocus Hagen (1 sp.), Haplophallus Thornton (1 sp.), and Symbiopsocus Li (1 sp.). A key to the known species of Bertkauia (females) is given. ‘Kolbia’ fusconervosa Enderlein is transferred to the genus Siniamphipsocus Li. ‘Amphigerontia’ nubila Enderlein is transferred to the genus Longivalvus Li; two new junior synonyms are proposed for it (Psocus grandis Okamoto and Psococerastis longifurcata Vishniakova). A brief biogeographic section includes a synoptic list of the known Kurils species.
Multiplexed fluorescent bead-based immunoassays for quantitation of human cytokines in serum and culture supernatants†

Background An increasing volume of data suggests a relationship between cytokine levels in human body fluids and disease pathogenesis. Traditionally, many individual assays would be performed to measure the large number of known cytokines and determine their associations with disease. A new technique for the simultaneous measurement of multiple cytokines in cell culture supernatants by fluorescent microsphere-based flow cytometry was adapted to human sera. Methods Multiplexed sandwich immunoassays for eight cytokines were developed by coupling cytokine-specific capture antibodies to beads with different emission spectra. The binding of biotinylated detection antibodies bound with a streptavidin-conjugated fluorochrome was analyzed. Recovery of “spiked” cytokines, sensitivity, and variability of the assays were evaluated. In addition, the results of the bead assays were compared with the results of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) that used the same antibody pairs. Results Correlations of the bead assays and the ELISAs were 0.974 (n = 18) for supernatant samples and 0.859 (n = 28) for serum samples. High, false-positive values observed with some sera, assumed to be produced by heterophilic antibodies, were reduced by preincubation with a cocktail of animal sera. Conclusions Fluorescent bead-based immunoassays can be used to quantitate multiple cytokines in human sera and contribute to an understanding of the role of cytokines in disease processes. This methodogy is applicable to many combinations of purified analytes and high-affinity antibodies. Cytometry 45:27–36, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Interactions of interleukin-6 promoter polymorphisms with dietary and lifestyle factors and their association with bone mass in men and women from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study.

Lifestyle and dietary factors may influence the association of IL-6 polymorphisms with bone mass. In 1574 unrelated men and women from the Framingham Offspring Cohort, we observed significant hip BMD differences between IL-6 −174 genotypes only in older women, those without estrogens, and those with a poor calcium intake. Hence, association of IL-6 polymorphisms with BMD may be limited to discrete population subgroups. Introduction: Interleukin (IL)-6 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Two functional variants in the IL-6 promoter have previously been associated with IL-6 expression, bone resorption levels, and BMD in late postmenopausal women, but results were conflicting in different populations. We hypothesized that the association between IL-6 promoter alleles and BMD may be affected by interactions with lifestyle and dietary factors known to influence bone turnover. Materials and Methods: Among the Offspring Cohort of the Framingham Heart Study, 1574 unrelated men and women were genotyped for IL-6 −572 and −174 alleles. Interaction analyses with years since menopause, estrogen status, physical activity, smoking, dietary calcium, vitamin D, and alcohol intake were based on BMD measurements at the hip. Results and Conclusions: In models that considered only the main effects of IL-6 polymorphisms, no significant association with BMD was observed in either gender. In contrast, p values (0.003–0.096 by ANOVA) suggestive of an interaction between IL-6 −174 genotypes and years since menopause, estrogen status, dietary calcium, and vitamin D intake were observed in women (n = 819). In turn, BMD was significantly lower with genotype −174 GG compared with CC, and intermediate with GC, in women who were more than 15 years past menopause and in those without estrogens or with calcium intake <940 mg/day. In estrogen-deficient women with poor calcium intake, BMD differences between genotypes CC and GG were 10.2% at femoral neck (p = 0.012), 12.0% at trochanter (p = 0.012), and 16.8% at Ward's area (p = 0.0014). In contrast, no such interactions were observed in men (n = 755). In conclusion, IL-6 genetic variation was prominently associated with hip BMD in late postmenopausal women, those without estrogen replacement therapy, and those with inadequate calcium intake. In contrast, IL-6 polymorphisms are unlikely to be significant determinants of bone mass in other women or men.
Adapting digital libraries to continual evolution

In this paper, we describe five investment streams (data storage infrastructure, knowledge management, data production control, data transport and security, and personnel skill mix) that need to be balanced against short-term operating demands in order to maximize the probability of long-term viability of a digital library. Because of the rapid pace of information technology change, a digital library cannot be a static institution. Rather, it has to become a flexible organization adapted to continuous evolution of its infrastructure.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PHASE DISTRIBUTION AND TURBULENCE STRUCTURE FOR SOLID/LIQUID FLOW IN A HORIZONTAL PIPE

Abstract Local measurements of the velocity and phase distribution were made for solid/liquid two-phase flows in a horizontal pipe using a multidimensional laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) system. The pipe used had a 30.6 mm inner diameter and was made of a special optically clear material, Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP), which has the same index of refraction as water. The test section and laser probes were submerged in water so that no optical corrections were necessary. Simultaneous measurements of the liquid and particle phases were obtained and discriminated based on differences in the residence time that each particle had when crossing the LDA's measurement volume. Positive buoyant and negative buoyant solid spherical particles, about 2 mm in diameter, were used in this study. A complete data set of the phasic mean velocities, turbulence and volume fractions were taken for each particle type. The results presented herein are complete and self-consistent, and can be used to assess the predictive ...
The Effect of Electrophysiological Neuroscientific Deception Detection Evidence on Juror Judgments in a Criminal Trial

There are concerns that if neuroscientific deception detection evidence becomes admissible in court, jurors may weigh it inappropriately. We investigated whether mock jurors were influenced more by electrophysiological than behavioral evidence that a defendant in a criminal trial was lying. Participants’ perceptions of evidence quality predicted verdict choice, and quality ratings were higher for neuroscientific than for behavioral evidence. However, both types of evidence increased guilty verdicts similarly, and the inclusion of neuroimages had no additional impact. These findings suggest that neuroscientific evidence may be processed differently than other types of deception evidence, but it is not necessarily more persuasive.
Characterization of Calcium, Nucleotide, Phosphate, and Vanadate Bound States by Derivatization of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ATPase with ThioGlo1

Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were incubated with the maleimide-directed probe ThioGlo1, resulting in ATPase inactivation. Reacted ThioGlo1, revealed by its enhanced fluorescence, was found to be associated with the cytosolic but not with the membrane-bound region of the ATPase. The dependence of inactivation on ThioGlo1 concentration suggests derivatization of approximately four residues per ATPase, of which Cys(364), Cys(498), and Cys(636) were identified in prominently fluorescent peptide fragments. These cysteines reside within the phosphorylation and nucleotide-binding region of the ATPase. Accordingly, protection is observed in the presence of ATP, 2'(3')-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-diphosphate (TNP-AMP), or an fluoroisothiocyanate label of Lys(515). Furthermore, protection is observed in the presence of vanadate (or decavanadate), but not in the presence of phosphate. Labeling occurs equally well in the presence or in the absence of Ca(2+) and thapsigargin, excluding a role of the E1-to-E2 transition in the protective effect of vanadate. It is concluded that protection by vanadate is due to formation of a pentacoordinated orthovanadate complex at the phosphorylation site, corresponding to a stable transition state analog of the phosphorylation reaction, with intermediate characteristics of the EP1 and EP2 states. The lack of protection by phosphate is attributed to instability of its complex with the enzyme (EP2). These findings are discussed with respect to different structural images obtained from diffraction studies of ATPase in the presence or in the absence of Ca(2+) and/or decavanadate (Ogawa et al., 1998, Biophys. J. 75:41-52).
Content validity is naught

Content validation theory and practice have received considerable attention in the nursing research literature. This paper positions the discourse within the broader scientific literature on validity of measurement. The content validity index has been recommended as a means to quantify content validity; this paper critically examines its origins, theoretical interpretations, and statistical properties. In addition, the author sets out to understand why many nurse researchers are occupied with content validity and its estimation. This investigation may be of interest to the scholar who desires to deeply understand the issues surrounding validity of measurement.
Cortactin Interacts with WIP in Regulating Arp2/3 Activation and Membrane Protrusion

Abstract Background: Modulation of actin cytoskeleton assembly is an integral step in many cellular events. A key regulator of actin polymerization is Arp2/3 complex. Cortactin, an F-actin binding protein that localizes to membrane ruffles, is an activator of Arp2/3 complex. Results: A yeast two-hybrid screen revealed the interaction of the cortactin Src homology 3 (SH3) domain with a peptide fragment derived from a cDNA encoding a region of WASp-Interacting Protein (WIP). GST-cortactin interacted with WIP in an SH3-dependent manner. The subcellular localization of cortactin and WIP coincided at the cell periphery. WIP increased the efficiency of cortactin-mediated Arp2/3 complex activation of actin polymerization in a concentration-dependent manner. Lastly, coexpression of cortactin and WIP stimulated membrane protrusions. Conclusions: WIP, a protein involved in filopodia formation, binds to both actin monomers and cortactin. Thus, recruitment of actin monomers to a cortactin-activated Arp2/3 complex likely leads to the observed increase in cortactin activation of Arp2/3 complex by WIP. These data suggest that a cortactin-WIP complex functions in regulating actin-based structures at the cell periphery.
High-density carbon ablator ignition path with low-density gas-filled rugby hohlraum

A recent low gas-fill density (0.6 mg/cc 4He) cylindrical hohlraum experiment on the National Ignition Facility has shown high laser-coupling efficiency (>96%), reduced phenomenological laser drive corrections, and improved high-density carbon capsule implosion symmetry [Jones et al., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 59(15), 66 (2014)]. In this Letter, an ignition design using a large rugby-shaped hohlraum [Amendt et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 112703 (2014)] for high energetics efficiency and symmetry control with the same low gas-fill density (0.6 mg/cc 4He) is developed as a potentially robust platform for demonstrating thermonuclear burn. The companion high-density carbon capsule for this hohlraum design is driven by an adiabat-shaped [Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 9, 2277 (2002)] 4-shock drive profile for robust high gain (>10) 1-D ignition performance and large margin to 2-D perturbation growth.
EQUILIBRIUM MODELING OF A DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER II—FLAMING-PYROLYSIS ZONE

An equilibrium model has been applied to the flaming-pyrolysis (FP) zone, the most important and active zone, in a downdraft biomass gasifier. The model predicts the temperature, gas composition and char yield at the exit of the FP zone for a set of specified fuel material, heat loss and input condition. Based on the model, a parametric study has been conducted to simulate the influences of the air/feed mass ratio (A/F), moisture/feed mass ratio (W/F), heat loss rate, and the volatility of the biomass fuel over feasible ranges of these parameters. It has been found: a) the A/F has a tremendous influence on the performance of the FP zone, and the minimum A/F required to completely pyrolyze the biomass fuel in the FP zone is approximately 1.2; b) high W/F and high heat loss rate result in a low temperature in the FP zone, which in turn may prevent the biomass fuel from being completely pyrolyzed in the FP zone, and c) biomass fuel with very low volatile content may result in an excessively high temperature ...
Effects of vertical distribution of water vapor and temperature on total column water vapor retrieval error

Results are presented of a test of the physically based total column water vapor retrieval algorithm of Wentz (1992) for sensitivity to realistic vertical distributions of temperature and water vapor. The ECMWF monthly averaged temperature and humidity fields are used to simulate the spatial pattern of systematic retrieval error of total column water vapor due to this sensitivity. The estimated systematic error is within 0.1 g/sq cm over about 70 percent of the global ocean area; systematic errors greater than 0.3 g/sq cm are expected to exist only over a few well-defined regions, about 3 percent of the global oceans, assuming that the global mean value is unbiased.
Finite-temperature phase structure of lattice QCD for 8 and 17 flavors

The finite-temperature phase structure of lattice quantum chromodynamics with ${N}_{f}=8 \mathrm{and} 17$ flavors of staggered quarks is mapped out in the range of quark mass $0.1\ensuremath{\le}{m}_{q}a\ensuremath{\le}10$ on the ${16}^{3}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4 lattice and at zero baryon density. In contrast with an earlier study, chiral and deconfinement phase transitions are found to correspond to separate domains on the (${m}_{q}$, ${N}_{f}$) plane. No qualitative difference is found between the phase structures for the two values of ${N}_{f}$, nor between the two and the one for ${N}_{f}=4$. The chiral transition is found to strengthen with increasing ${N}_{f}$.
Effects of Psychological Attention on Pronoun Comprehension

Pronoun comprehension is facilitated for referents that are focused in the discourse context. Discourse focus has been described as a function of attention, especially shared attention, but few studies have explicitly tested this idea. Two experiments used an exogenous capture cue paradigm to demonstrate that listeners' visual attention at the onset of a story influences their preferences during pronoun resolution later in the story. In both experiments trial-initial attention modulated listeners' transitory biases while considering referents for the pronoun, whether it was in response to the capture cue or not. These biases even had a small influence on listeners' final interpretation of the pronoun. These results provide independently motivated evidence that the listener's attention influences the online processes of pronoun comprehension. Trial-initial attentional shifts were made on the basis of non-shared, private information, demonstrating that attentional effects on pronoun comprehension are not re...
Transcranial magnetic stimulation of extrastriate cortex degrades human motion direction discrimination.

Abstract The human temporo-parieto-occipital junction is an extrastriate visual area that may mediate motion vision processing. We determined if transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered over this extrastriate area would degrade motion discrimination, similar to the transient decrease in spatial acuity observed when TMS is delivered over striate cortex. TMS was delivered 50–250 msec after the onset of a brief, random dot, motion direction discrimination task or a spatial acuity task. TMS significantly reduced correct motion discrimination when delivered 100–150 msec after the random dot stimulus. During the same time window TMS did not significantly effect spatial acuity. TMS over the left extrastriate cortex reduced motion discrimination in both hemifields and its effect had a crude topographical organization. TMS safely perturbs extrastriate visual areas and may reveal the temporal sequence of higher perceptual processing.
Growth equations: a quantile regression exploration

Abstract Estimation of the regression quantiles for the growth equation using broadly constituted samples shows evidence of unconditional income convergence for countries in the upper tail of the conditional growth distribution but not for countries in the lower tail. This finding is in contrast with results obtained from ordinary least squares estimation that show no evidence of convergence. The estimated regression quantiles for the conditional growth equation shows that the effect of control variables on the GDP growth rate varies significantly along the conditional growth distribution. These findings are suggestive of the potential information gains associated with the estimation of the entire conditional growth distribution, as opposed to the conditional mean only.
Multicomponent Quantitative Analysis In Systems Not Obeying Beer's Law; The Use Of Curve Fitting With Multiple Standards

Quantitative analysis of multicomponent systems is often hindered by deviations from linear Beer's Law behaviour. Attempts to accommodate non-linearity have generally assumed some explicit relationship between absorbance and concentration,l. An alternative approach is to consider the deviations from Beer's Law as arising from a series of additional spectral components. Such a model has obvious physical significance when there are specific interactions between the components in a mixture, and may prove a useful approximation in any situation. On the basis of this model it will be shown that least squares curve fitting can give accurate quantitative results even when there are gross deviations from Beer's Law.
An experimental demonstration of tailored excitations for improved damage detection in the presence of operational variability

We have shown in previous work that the parameters governing the dynamic evolution of a system of ordinary differential equations may be modified via an evolutionary algorithm to yield excitations that improve damage detection sensitivity in a computational model of a structural health monitoring application. In this work we use the same method to develop improved excitations for an experimental system. Improvement in change detection sensitivity is shown for several generated excitations. In addition, we present an excitation that increases the robustness of the damage detection feature to the types of parameter perturbations that arise not from damage, but from environmental sources such as temperature change.
Holocene evolution of the Indonesian throughflow and the western Pacific warm pool

High sea surface temperatures in the western Pacific warm pool fuel atmospheric convection and influence tropical climate. This region also hosts the Indonesian throughflow, the network of currents through which surface and thermocline waters are transported from the western equatorial Pacific Ocean into the Indian Ocean. Here we show, using records of the delta O-18 and Mg/Ca of planktonic foraminifera from eight sediment cores, that from about 10,000 to 7,000 years ago, sea surface temperatures in the western sector of the western Pacific warm pool were about 0.5 degrees C higher than during pre-industrial times. We also find that about 9,500 years ago, when the South China and Indonesian seas were connected by rising sea level, surface waters in the Makassar Strait became relatively fresher. We suggest that the permanent reduction of surface salinity initiated the enhanced flow at lower, thermocline depths seen in the modern Indonesian throughflow. However, the uniformly warm sea surface temperatures found upstream and downstream of the Indonesian throughflow indicate that the early Holocene warmth in this region was not directly related to reduced heat transport by the throughflow that may have resulted from surface freshening of the Makassar Strait. Instead, we propose that the elevated temperatures were the result of a westward shift or expansion of the boundaries of the western Pacific warm pool.
Patterns and Correlates of Emotional Arousal in Laboratory Training

Emotional arousal, defined by Anxiety, Depression, and Hostility scores on the Zuckerman-Lubin Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL), was monitored during week-long laboratory training seminars for government employees. Lab participants (N = 52) were compared to control Ss (N = 33) who completed the MAACL on each of 5 workdays. Results suggest that laboratory training is distinguished from work activity more by the pattern and range of reported affect than by differences in average or in peak levels of experienced stress. For laboratory Ss, arousal indices initially rose, then progressively decreased through the training week. Participants who by independent criteria appeared to gain most from the experience showed steeper gradients of arousal reduction than Low-gain subjects. Stress (negative affect) was also related to high bureaucratic orientation and to low sociometric status within the T Group.
Children's history of speech-language difficulties: genetic influences and associations with reading-related measures.

Purpose This study examined (a) the extent of genetic and environmental influences on children’s articulation and language difficulties and (b) the phenotypic associations between such difficulties...
Performing Democracy: International Perspectives on Urban Community-Based Performance. Edited by Susan C. Haedicke and Tobin Nellhaus. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001; pp. ix + 340. $24.50 paper.

Performing Democracy sets out to explain the energetic growth of diverse community-based theatre, to explore its various approaches and challenges, and to promote its sustainability. The impressive range and sheer number of projects discussed in these twenty-three essays make the book a valuable introduction to what editors Susan C. Haedicke and Tobin Nellhaus see as an international movement to “involve, mobilize, and politicize” audiences (1).