cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A central location method for selecting random plots for vegetation surveys

A method is proposed for selecting points at random from a Cartesian grid and computing the distance and direction from the center of the field to the chosen point. This represents a convenient method for locating quadrats for vegetation surveys in the field. Two variations of this principle are discussed. One of these selects points from a square array, while the other selects points only from within a polygon of specified dimensions.
Feasibility study of offshore wind turbines with hybrid monopile foundation based on centrifuge modeling

Abstract The support structure of an offshore wind turbine (OWT) accounts for up to 25% of the capital cost; therefore, investigations into reliable and efficient foundations are critical for the offshore wind turbine industry. This paper describes an innovative hybrid monopile foundation for OWTs, which is an optimization of the original monopile foundation with broader applications. The behavior of OWTs with the hybrid monopile foundation in service conditions are investigated under lateral cyclic loadings, by considering the effects of wind, waves, and ice. A series of centrifuge tests are conducted in order to analyze these behaviors in detail, and OWT models with the original single-pile as well as wheel-only foundations are tested for comparison. Based on these tests, the accumulated lateral displacement and stiffness during cyclic loadings are presented, and the results indicate that the hybrid foundation exhibits a larger cyclic capacity than the other foundations. The influence of the cycle numbers, cyclic loading characteristics, and soil properties is examined during the tests; furthermore, the effects of these factors on the model deformation responses are illustrated. This study proposes the first analytical method for quantitatively estimating the cyclic lateral displacement of the new hybrid foundation in service conditions, and a degradation coefficient is recommended based on the test results. This method aims to provide a simple approach to predicting responses of OWTs with hybrid monopile foundations in service conditions.
Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Chronic Hemiparesis: Neuroscience Evidence from Basic Laboratory Research and Quantitative Structural Brain MRI in Patients with Diverse Disabling Neurological Disorders (S43.003)

Objective: This presentation will review the basic neuroscience research origins and the effects of Constraint-Induced Movement therapy (CIMT) on CNS structural neuroplasticity. Background: Experimental hemiparesis in primates overcame chronic limb nonuse by applying specific behavioral neuroscience principles. This research led to formulating a model for the origination of sustained motor disability after neurological injury and its improvement by a novel therapeutic program. The therapy became adapted to treating children and adults and termed CIMT. Over the past 25 years multiple worldwide Randomized Controlled Trials of CIMT enrolled nearly 2000 patients with diverse neurological disorders (stroke, cerebral palsy [CP], multiple sclerosis [MS]), which indicated superiority of the approach against control therapies, with large treatment Effect Sizes and sustained retention of improved spontaneous real-world use of the hemiparetic limb. Ongoing research will describe basic and clinical neuroimaging methods to explore the basis for the clinical efficacy of CIMT. Design/Methods: (1) Basic neuroscience models of experimental limb nonuse in rodents that had undergone adapted CIMT, which were followed by histological studies. (2) Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of grey matter and Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) of white matter on structural brain MRI, which evaluated neuroplastic changes after upper extremity CIMT. Results: (1) CIMT in rodents resulted in increased CNS axonal growth, synaptogenesis, and neurogenesis compared to control interventions, parallel with improved paretic limb use. (2) VBM demonstrated profuse cortical and subcortical grey matter increase following CIMT for stroke, CP, and MS. TBSS indicated significantly improved white matter integrity in MS. Neither structural brain changes nor comparable improved paretic limb use followed control interventions. Conclusions: CIMT is increasing worldwide practice to improve reduced real-world limb use in chronic hemiparesis in diverse neurological diseases and ages of patients. Structural CNS changes following CIMT may support improved and extended functional use of the paretic limb. Study Supported by: NIH, National MS Society Disclosure: Dr. Mark has nothing to disclose. Dr. Taub has nothing to disclose.
Association of psychosocial stressors with metabolic syndrome severity among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study.

Abstract Introduction Using Jackson Heart Study (JHS) data, we assessed the association between perceived psychosocial stressors and metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity in African American adults. Methods Participants included 3870 African American JHS participants aged 21–95 years (63.1% women; mean age 53.8 ± 13.0). Psychosocial stressors assessed included: major life events (MLEs); global stress; and weekly stress inventory. Each stress measure was classified into tertiles (low, medium, and high). Associations of psychosocial stressors with a sex- and race/ethnic-specific MetS severity Z-score were examined after adjustment for demographics and MetS risk factors (i.e., nutrition, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption). Results Independent of lifestyle factors, participants who reported high (versus low) perceived global stress and MLEs had significantly greater MetS severity (p = .0207 and p = .0105, respectively). Weekly stress was not associated with MetS severity. Compared to men, women reported significantly higher global stress and MLEs (p Conclusions In the total sample, higher reported global stress and MLEs were associated with increased risk of MetS severity, while weekly stress was not. Men’s and women’s stress responses to MLEs were differentially associated with MetS severity, with male MetS severity increasing significantly at lower levels of MLEs relative to women’s MetS severity. These data may have implications for targeting stress-related factors in interventions to improve cardiometabolic health in African American adults.
Hyde the Hero: Changing the Role of the Modern-Day Monster

Robert Louis Stevenson's novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde gives birth to a villain who fits the image of a barbaric monster. Mr. Hyde illustrates the terrifying potential for the...
From Process Programming to Process Engineering

Osterweil proposed the idea of processes as a kind of software in 1986. It arose from prior work on software tools, tool integration, and development environments, and from a desire to improve the specification and control of software development activities. The vision of process programming was an inspiring one, directly leading to ideas about process languages, process environments, process science (both pure and applied), and to opportunities for process analysis and simulation. Osterweil, his colleagues, and a thriving community of researchers worldwide have worked on these and related ideas for 25 years now, with many significant results. Additionally, as Osterweil and others have shown, ideas and approaches that originated in the context of software process are applicable in other domains, such as science, government, and medicine. In light of this, the future of process programming looks as exciting and compelling as ever.
PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION—INVOLVEMENT IN BRAIN FUNCTION*

Abstract The suggestion that phosphoproteins of brain are specifically involved in behavior and the processing of information by the brain is at least two decades old, but data to support this idea are still largely circumstantial. Studies on brain slices have shown that electrical stimulation and a number of putative neurotransmitters stimulate the incorporation of radioactive orthophosphate into proteins of the cortex or striatum. Studies on protein phosphorylation in cell-free preparations of brain have, for the most part, failed to demonstrate that compounds capable of stimulating the production or accumulation of cyclic adenylate also stimulate protein phosphorylation in vitro. Such investigations have been carried out on purified enzymes, various subcellular fractions and on crude homogenates of brain or various brain regions. Substances that have been reported to stimulate protein phosphorylation in cell-free systems include ouabain, chlorpromazine, pentylene tetrazole, calcium ions, ACTH and dopamine. On the other hand, administration of certain behaviorally active drugs does alter the in vitro phosphorylation of proteins in preparations of brain from the treated animals. Behavioral manipulations and experiences also affect brain phosphoproteins. Sleep leads to increased brain levels of the phosphoenzyme glucose-6-phosphatase; and while electroconvulsive shock has been reported to alter in vitro protein phosphorylation in synaptic membrane preparations from the shocked animals the effect may be a consequence of stress. Avoidance training is correlated with changes in the incorporation of radioactive phosphate into brain nuclear proteins in vivo, and such changes may be significant in the establishment of stable memory. Changes in the phosphorylation of synaptosomal membrane proteins are also correlated with avoidance training, and these changes may be associated with labile, short-term memory.
Phonetic query expansion for spoken document retrieval.

We are interested in retrieving information from speech data using phonetic search. We show improvement by expanding the query phonetically using a joint maximum entropy N-gram model. The value of this approach is demonstrated on Broadcast News data from NIST 2006 Spoken Term Detection evaluation.
Identifiability and accuracy: a closer look at contemporary contributions and changes in these vital areas of mathematical modelling

In the development of mathematical models we are plagued with two key concerns: is the model unique and accurate enough? Under the umbrella of the first question we will show whether the extent of the model structure in our data will shed light on all of the model’s parameters. Identifiability in model advancement helps us with the question ‘will a proposed experiment on a system enable us to determine values for the parameters of a model of that system?’ The model is assumed to be known and to reflect the response of the system to the experiment. Identifiability is not concerned with the precision with which the parameters can be estimated. A comprehensive review and demonstrations of the practical considerations regarding identifiability are presented. We further introduced new concepts which when omitted from consideration in the identifiability process can lead to serious misjudgement about the resolution of important aspect of the model under investigation, and its identifiability classification per se. On the second question we discuss current methods and their pitfalls in evaluating model adequacy. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) has been commonly used to assess agreement of continuous data, such as agreement of a new assay and a gold-standard assay, observed versus model predicted values, different methods, raters, and reproducibility. The main advantage of CCC is that it incorporates precision and accuracy simultaneously. There are four methods to compute CCC; two of them are extremely dependent on normality whereas the other two are more robust to non-normality. Therefore, datasets that departures from normality or are not independent may pose a significant problem when using CCC with the squared distance payoff function. It has been shown that CCC may indicate an increasing agreement as the marginal distribution becomes different, suggesting the agreement should be compared over a similar range.
What does the Evidence Show

This chapter will specifically address this issue: What is the evidence for immediate awareness? What is a scientifically acceptable definition of ‘immediate awareness’? What is the evidence that it is cognitive? Do we actually select objects as unique, as sui generisl If so, how do we actually do it? What does the evidence show? In light of strong arguments that our brains are classification “machines,” wetware containing algorithms that classify, what arguments are there to show that we do anything other than this?
Abstract LB-125: Atovaquone suppresses triple negative breast tumor growth by inhibiting myeloid derived suppressor cells

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered to be the most aggressive and malignant neoplasm and is highly metastatic in nature. Metastatic TNBC is difficult to treat thus leading to extremely poor survival. The major contributing factor in TNBC progression and resistive nature is its ability to evade the immune surveillance. Modulating the immune system in breast tumors could be an important strategy for cancer therapeutics. The present study evaluates the immune response of atovaquone, an antiprotozoal drug in various TNBC cell lines and its efficacy in three independent in vivo models. In the first experiment, HCC1806 human breast cancer cells were orthotopically implanted in mammary fat of female mice. Oral administration of atovaquone reduced HCC1806 breast tumor growth by 45%. On the other hand, oral administration of atovaquone inhibited the growth of highly aggressive CI66 breast tumors by 70%. Paclitaxel is the first line chemotherapeutic agent for metastatic breast cancer. In third in vivo experiment, 4T1 paclitaxel resistant (4T1R) cells were injected in mice and atovaquone suppressed paclitaxel resistant tumor growth by 42%. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known to suppress immune function. Our current results demonstrated 70% and 30% suppression of tumor and blood MDSCs respectively, with atovaquone treatment in mouse bearing HCC1806 tumors. We also observed about 25% reduction in MDSCs with atovaquone treatment in mice with CI66 as well as 4T1R tumors. MDSCs induce regulatory T cells (Treg cells) which are immunosuppressive. Our results showed reduction of Treg cells by 12% and 17% with atovaquone treatment in HCC1806 tumors and in 4T1R tumors respectively. In addition, decrease in TGF-beta (13%) and IL-10 (40%) in HCC1806 tumor lysates was observed by atovaquone, an evidence of reduction in immunosuppressive cytokines produced by MDSCs. It appears that the mechanism of immune suppression of atovaquone by MDSCs in our model may be through TGF-β and IL-10, which are potent immunosuppressive cytokines and induce Treg cells that allow cancer cells to escape from immune surveillance. This is the first report demonstrating that immune modulation by atovaquone treatment is associated with breast tumor growth suppression, prompting further investigation to establish atovaquone as a treatment option for TNBC patients. Citation Format: Nehal Gupta, Stephen Wright, Sanjay Srivastava. Atovaquone suppresses triple negative breast tumor growth by inhibiting myeloid derived suppressor cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-125.
Anti-Reflective Coating for Flexible Devices Using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique

In this work, high performance anti-reflective coating (ARC) is achieved using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) on the flexible substrate at 100°C, which is the lowest growth temperature reported so far. PECVD is used to deposit double-layer ARC (DLARC) of SiOx and SiNx (wavelengths between 600 nm and 700 nm) on nylon-6. Optical parameters of different deposited layers are controlled by varying gas flow ratio, growth temperature, and chamber pressure. It has been observed that the bare nylon-6 has a reflection of about 4% itself, and with the DLARC the reflection of light is reduced by about 50%.
Cellular senescence in intervertebral disc aging and degeneration.

Age is a major risk factor for multiple disease pathologies, including chronic back pain, which stems from age-related degenerative changes to intervertebral disc tissue. Growing evidence suggests that the change in phenotype of disc cells to a senescent phenotype may be one of the major driving forces of age-associated disc degeneration. This review discusses the known stressors that promote development of senescence in disc tissue and the underlying molecular mechanisms disc cells adopt to enable their transition to a senescent phenotype. Increased number of senescent cells has been observed with advancing age and degeneration in disc tissue. Additionally, in vitro studies have confirmed the catabolic nature of stress-induced senescent disc cells. Several factors have been shown to establish senescence via multiple different underlying mechanisms, including the NF-κB, Wnt/B-Catenin, and SIRT1 pathways. Cellular senescence can serve as a therapeutic target to combat age-associated disc degeneration. However, whether the different stressors utilizing different signaling networks establish different kinds of senescent types in disc cells is currently unknown and warrants further investigation.
Teaching Strategies in Community Health Nursing for Undergraduate Nursing Student: An Integrative Literature Review

This paper identified and analyzed available evidence in the literature for effective teaching strategies in Community Health Nursing (CHN) for the undergraduate nursing students. This integrative literature review was conducted in CINAHL and Google Scholar databases between August 2016 and September 2016. Since there is a paucity of articles on the area of teaching strategies for Community Health Nursing (CHN) course, inclusion criteria was liberal. Research and non-research articles published in English from 2013 to 2017 were included in the integrative literature review. Sample articles composed of one research articles and five non-research articles published between 2013 and 2017. One consistent finding in the literature is that nurse educators use simulation as a teaching strategy in CHN course. Nurse educators have used simulations with or without technology enhancement in CHN course for undergraduate nursing students. Sample articles provide benefits of using simulation, and benefits include enhancing self-confidence and competence of nursing students, providing the active-learning environment and addressing the problem of finding secured community-based sites for CHN course. Further studies with strong level of evidence on teaching strategies in CHN course for the undergraduate nursing student is recommended. Keywords : Teaching strategies, Community health nursing, Undergraduate nursing students
X-Ray Spectroscopy with XFELs

The use of XFELs in the last 10 years has produced multiple opportunities to undertake scientific questions that could not be addressed using other types of X-ray sources, in particular for femtosecond and picosecond processes and for radiation sensitive and scarce biological samples. X-ray spectroscopy, the experimental approach used in many of these studies, is well established and has been broadly used at synchrotron radiation sources worldwide for the last few decades. However to take advantage of spectroscopic tools at XFELs, synchrotron-based methods have to be adapted to the unique characteristics of the XFEL beam, like its pulsed nature and time structure, as well as the effects induced in the sample derived from these properties. In the few short years of XFEL operations, various studies relied on spectroscopic methods, both in the hard and in the soft X-ray regime. In this chapter, we will provide an inclusive review of recent XFEL spectroscopic studies on biological samples and focus on the description of the experimental aspects of such measurements. We will include a discussion on spectroscopy technique developments that are unique to XFELs with the potential to make an impact on the field.
Handling stuck-at-faults in memristor crossbar arrays using matrix transformations

Matrix-vector multiplication is the dominating computational workload in the inference phase of neural networks. Memristor crossbar arrays (MCAs) can inherently execute matrix-vector multiplication with low latency and small power consumption. A key challenge is that the classification accuracy may be severely degraded by stuck-at-fault defects. Earlier studies have shown that the accuracy loss can be recovered by retraining each neural network or by utilizing additional hardware. In this paper, we propose to handle stuck-at-faults using matrix transformations. A transformation T changes a weight matrix W into a weight matrix, @ = T(W), which is more robust to stuck-at-faults. In particular, we propose a row flipping transformation, a permutation transformation, and a value range transformation. The row flipping transformation results in that stuck-off (stuck-on) faults are translated into stuck-on (stuck-off) faults. The permutation transformation maps small (large) weights to memristors stuck-off (stuck-on). The value range transformation is based on reducing the magnitude of the smallest and largest elements in the matrix, which results in that each stuck-at-fault introduces an error of smaller magnitude. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework is capable of recovering 99% of the accuracy loss introduced by stuck-at-faults without requiring the neural network to be retrained.
Automatic 3D Nonlinear Registration of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data

Multimodal integration between mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and radiology-established modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would allow the investigations of key questions in complex biological systems such as the central nervous system. Such integration would provide complementary multiscale data to bridge the gap between molecular and anatomical phenotypes, potentially revealing new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying anatomical pathologies presented on MRI. Automatic coregistration between 3D MSI/MRI is a computationally challenging process due to dimensional complexity, MSI data sparsity, lack of direct spatial-correspondences, and nonlinear tissue deformation. Here, we present a new computational approach based on stochastic neighbor embedding to nonlinearly align 3D MSI to MRI data, identify and reconstruct biologically relevant molecular patterns in 3D, and fuse the MSI datacube to the MRI space. We demonstrate our method using multimodal high-spectral resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) 9.4 T MSI and 7 T in vivo MRI data, acquired from a patient-derived, xenograft mouse brain model of glioblastoma following administration of the EGFR inhibitor drug of Erlotinib. Results show the distribution of some identified molecular ions of the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib, a phosphatidylcholine lipid, and cholesterol, which were reconstructed in 3D and mapped to the MRI space. The registration quality was evaluated on two normal mouse brains using the Dice coefficient for the regions of brainstem, hippocampus, and cortex. The method is generic and can therefore be applied to hyperspectral images from different mass spectrometers and integrated with other established in vivo imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET).
The exurbanization of America's forests: research in rural social science.

America's forested landscape is changing. A general trend reported by Patrick and Ritchey (1974) indicated a decentralization of industry through- out the country, often to regions that offer employees the quality of life gen- erally associated with rural environs. For example, in Graber's (1974) study
An Introduction to Theologically Engaged Anthropology

The burgeoning field of theologically engaged anthropology has facilitated an overdue dialogue among anthropologists and theologians. The theologically engaged anthropology project created the stra...
Microservices in Audiovisual Archives

This document describes and examines strategies for designing lightweight microservice environments for the processing of digital, file-based, audiovisual data within an archive. The document presumes an overview understanding of the Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS). The document also makes references to programming archival routines in command languages, but seeks to provide examples in pseudo-code rather than favoring any particular computer language. Since the document intends to focus on archival routines for audiovisual content, an introduction to ffmpeg can be helpful. Additionally, this document does not intend to purport to be a standard for the design of audiovisual microservices but seeks to contribute to and build upon the work and dialogue of many audiovisual archives that has been exploring and successfully implementing microservices in audiovisual archives; see in particularly the compiled, collaborative documentation at https://github.com/amiaopensource/open-workflows.
Patterns of Dyadic Appraisal of Decision-Making Involvement of African American Persons Living With Dementia

Background and Objectives Greater everyday decision-making involvement by persons living with dementia (PLWD) and congruent appraisal between PLWDs and their caregivers have been associated with a better quality of life (QOL) for both members of the dyad. However, no study has examined the association between the appraisals of everyday decision-making involvement of PLWDs and their QOL among African Americans. Research Design and Methods A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from 62 African American dementia dyads was conducted. Multilevel and latent class mixture modeling was used to characterize dyadic appraisal of the decision-making involvement of African American PLWDs and identify distinct patterns thereof. Results Three distinct patterns were observed. “Incongruent, PLWD Low Involvement” labeled 19.4% of the sample, 53.2% were labeled “Incongruent, PLWD Moderate Involvement,” and 27.4% were labeled “Congruent, PLWD High Involvement.” The Congruent, PLWD High Involvement pattern consisted of PLWDs who were significantly younger and had significantly less cognitive impairment than PLWDs in the other patterns. In the Incongruent, PLWD Moderate Involvement pattern, PLWDs had significantly better QOL than PLWDs in the Incongruent, PLWD Low Involvement pattern, but QOL did not significantly differ from PLWDs in the Congruent, PLWD High Involvement pattern. Discussion and Implications There is a need to tailor strategies to optimize QOL in African American dementia dyads. While increasing everyday decision-making involvement for PLWDs in the Incongruent, PLWD Low Involvement pattern is an important goal, other strategies may be needed to improve the QOL of PLWDs in the remaining patterns.
Using Data Collection Applications in Early Childhood Settings to Support Behavior Change

Social–emotional development in early childhood (EC) is an important factor to their later development and adjustment. While all young children display unwanted behaviors at some time during develo...
Observing the Stars and Planets

ORIGINS Throughout their existence, humans have used the apparent positions of celestial objects to define the day, month, year, and seasons, as well as for navigation. T he Sun, the Moon, and the stars rise every day in the eastern half of the sky and set in the western half. If you leave your camera on a tripod with the lens open for a few minutes or hours in a dark place at night, you will photograph the “star trails” – the trails across the photograph left by the individual stars. In this chapter, we will discuss the phases of the Moon and planets, and how to fi nd stars and planets in the sky. Stars twinkle; planets don’t twinkle as much (■ Fig. 4–1 ). We will also discuss the motions of the Sun, Moon, and planets, as well as of the stars in the sky. THE PHASES OF THE MOON AND PLANETS From the simple observation that the apparent shapes of the Moon and planets change, we can draw conclusions that are important for our understanding of the mechanics of the Solar System. In this section, we shall see how the positions of the Sun, Earth, and other Solar-System objects determine the appearance of these objects. The phases of moons or planets are the shapes of the sunlit areas as seen from a given vantage point. h e fact that the Moon goes through a set of such phases approximately once every month is perhaps the most familiar astronomical observation, aside from the day/night cycle and the fact that the stars come out at night (■ Fig. 4–2c , 4–3 ). In fact, the name “month” comes from the word “moon.” h e actual period of the phases, the interval between a particular phase of the Moon and its next repetition, is approximately 29 1 / 2 Earth days. h is type of period that depends on the orientation with respect to a third body (in this case, the Sun) is known as a synodic period .
COLLISIONAL EXCITATION OF THE [C II] FINE STRUCTURE TRANSITION IN INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS

We analyze the collisional excitation of the 158 {mu}m (1900.5 GHz) fine structure transition of ionized carbon in terms of line intensities produced by simple cloud models. The single C{sup +} fine structure transition is a very important coolant of the atomic interstellar medium (ISM) and of photon-dominated regions in which carbon is partially or completely in ionized form. The [C II] line is widely used as a tracer of star formation in the Milky Way and other galaxies. Excitation of the [C II] fine structure transition can be via collisions with hydrogen molecules, atoms, and electrons. Analysis of [C II] observations is complicated by the fact that it is difficult to determine the optical depth of the line. We discuss the excitation of the [C II] line, deriving analytic results for several limiting cases and carry out numerical solutions using a large velocity gradient model for a more inclusive analysis. For antenna temperatures up to 1/3 of the brightness temperature of the gas kinetic temperature, the antenna temperature is linearly proportional to the column density of C{sup +} irrespective of the optical depth of the transition. This is appropriately referred to as the effectively optically thin approximation. We reviewmore » the critical densities for excitation of the [C II] line by various collision partners, briefly analyze C{sup +} absorption, and conclude with a discussion of C{sup +} cooling and how the considerations for line intensities affect the behavior of this important coolant of the ISM.« less
Reconnecting Exchange Rates with Gravitas

We uncover a strong, temporal connection between trade and the exchange rate factor structure by instrumenting trade with trade deals. A typical agreement raises bilateral trade by 50 percent over five years which, in turn, reduces the systematic risk of the pair's exchange rate by a third of its standard deviation across countries. Our structurally estimated gravity model endogenizes the factor structure and shows that deals excel at pulling peripheral countries into the trade network's core, mitigating their currencies' systematic risk. Overall, our paper underscores that trade deals are not just about trade.
An acoustic liner design methodology based on a statistical source model

The attenuation of fan tones remains an important aspect of fan noise reduction for high bypass ratio turbofan engines. However, as fan design considerations have evolved, the simultaneous reductio...
The Pitfalls of Home: Protecting the Health and Safety of Paid Domestics

This article examines strategies and challenges to improve the health and safety of domestic service workers with a particular focus on the United States. Against a popular ideology that casts the home as a safe haven, domestics face an uphill battle to convince policy makers and legislatures that their work presents dangers that threaten health and safety. Domestics are not immune, by virtue of working in the private sphere of the home, from workplace injuries and illnesses. Effective regulation in this area, however, is complicated by the solitary character of the work, its close association with women’s unpaid work in the home, and its performance behind closed doors in the privacy of individual homes. This article evaluates the relevance of these and other concerns as they relate to measures to promote workplace health and safety on behalf of domestics employed directly by individual household consumers as well as those domestics employed by third-party agencies.
Got Faith?-An in-depth analysis and review of five faith-based prisoner reentry programs in Florida

In the United States, prisoner reentry programs are a necessity to re-integrate back into society and are of two types: Faith and Non-Faith. With increased emphasis placed on reforming the criminal justice system policies due to Black Lives Matter and other non-profits actively working to change the system from the outside, reentry programs are having a resurgence of interest for effective public policy. There are significant barriers for major policies at the state, local, and federal to be alleviated, nevertheless, our research wanted to consider the effectiveness of five faith-based, male-only reentry programs in central Florida. Small focus groups were utilized to better understand the concerns and issues returning inmates faced in the program as well as when returning to society. Reentry participants were found to have high confidence in the success of their participation in their faith-based program’s efforts on their personal and family growth.
The relationship between sea ice concentration and the spatio-temporal distribution of vocalizing bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas from 2008 to 2011

Abstract Bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) are widely distributed in the Arctic and sub-Arctic; the Beringia population is found throughout the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas (BCB). Bearded seals are highly vocal, using underwater calls to advertise their breeding condition and maintain aquatic territories. They are also closely associated with pack ice for reproductive activities, molting, and resting. Sea ice habitat for this species varies spatially and temporally throughout the year due to differences in underlying physical and oceanographic features across its range. To test the hypothesis that the vocal activity of bearded seals is related to variations in sea ice, passive acoustic data were collected from nine locations throughout the BCB from 2008 to 2011. Recording instruments sampled on varying duty cycles ranging from 20% to 100% of each hour, and recorded frequencies up to 8192 Hz. Spectrograms of acoustic data were analyzed manually to calculate the daily proportion of hours with bearded seal calls at each sampling location, and these call activity proportions were correlated with daily satellite-derived estimates of sea ice concentration. Bearded seals were vocally active nearly year-round in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas with peak activity occurring from mid-March to late June during the mating season. The duration of call activity in the Bering Sea was shorter, lasting typically only five months, and peaked from mid-March to May at the northernmost recorders. In all areas, call activity was significantly correlated with higher sea ice concentrations (p
The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of delirium and dementia in older adults: a review.

SUMMARY Aims: To review recent evidence that suggests inflammation plays a similar role in the pathogenesis of delirium and dementia. Methods: We performed a literature search of original research and review articles in PubMed using the keywords: delirium, dementia, and inflammation. We summarized the evidence linking inflammation to the pathogenesis of delirium and dementia. Discussion: Delirium and dementia share similarities in clinical and pathogenic features, leading to the speculation that instead of being distinct clinical entities, the two age-related conditions may be linked by a common pathogenic mechanism. Inflammatory markers have been shown to be elevated in both delirium and dementia, thereby implicating inflammation as a possible mediating factor in their genesis. There is evidence in both basic science and clinical research literature that elevated cytokines play a crucial role in the development of cognitive dysfunction observed in both dementia and delirium. Conclusion: Mounting evidence supports the role of inflammation in the development of both dementia and delirium. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these relationships.
Maternal Plane of Nutrition during Late Gestation and Weaning Age Alter Angus × Simmental Offspring Longissimus Muscle Transcriptome and Intramuscular Fat

In model organisms both the nutrition of the mother and the young offspring could induce long-lasting transcriptional changes in tissues. In livestock, such changes could have important roles in determining nutrient use and meat quality. The main objective was to evaluate if plane of maternal nutrition during late-gestation and weaning age alter the offspring’s Longissimus muscle (LM) transcriptome, animal performance, and metabolic hormones. Whole-transcriptome microarray analysis was performed on LM samples of early (EW) and normal weaned (NW) Angus × Simmental calves born to grazing cows receiving no supplement [low plane of nutrition (LPN)] or 2.3 kg high-grain mix/day [medium plane of nutrition (MPN)] during the last 105 days of gestation. Biopsies of LM were harvested at 78 (EW), 187 (NW) and 354 (before slaughter) days of age. Despite greater feed intake in MPN offspring, blood insulin was greater in LPN offspring. Carcass intramuscular fat content was greater in EW offspring. Bioinformatics analysis of the transcriptome highlighted a modest overall response to maternal plane of nutrition, resulting in only 35 differentially expressed genes (DEG). However, weaning age and a high-grain diet (EW) strongly impacted the transcriptome (DEG = 167), especially causing a lipogenic program activation. In addition, between 78 and 187 days of age, EW steers had an activation of the innate immune system due presumably to macrophage infiltration of intramuscular fat. Between 187 and 354 days of age (the “finishing” phase), NW steers had an activation of the lipogenic transcriptome machinery, while EW steers had a clear inhibition through the epigenetic control of histone acetylases. Results underscored the need to conduct further studies to understand better the functional outcome of transcriptome changes induced in the offspring by pre- and post-natal nutrition. Additional knowledge on molecular and functional outcomes would help produce more efficient beef cattle.
Nanostructured D022-Mn3Ga with high coercivity

The microstructural and magnetic properties of Mn3Ga alloys with D022 phase have been investigated. Mn3Ga alloys with a nearly pure D022 phase were obtained via a heat treatment of ground arc-melted ingot powders with a cubic structure. X-ray difraction results show the formation of D022 after annealing the as-prepared ingot at 673 K for different annealing time intervals. It was found that the annealed samples are magnetically hard with a high HC of 11 kOe and a saturation magnetization of 20 emu g−1 at 300 K. Microstructure studies on the annealed powders showed the presence of small grains with size below 30 nm.
John Steinbeck et la censure : le cas de The Moon is Down traduit en français pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale

John Steinbeck et la censure: le cas de The Moon is Down traduit en francais pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Prenant la notion de censure dans le sens restreint ou un texte appartenant au champ litteraire est manipule selon des enjeux du champ politique dans une societe a une periode donnee de son histoire, nous analysons le cas de la presumee censure de The Moon is Down dans deux traductions francaises effectuees pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale: celle publiee aux editions Marguerat a Lausanne en 1943 dans une traduction de Marvede-Fischer et celle publiee aux editions de Minuit a Paris en 1944 dans une traduction d’Y. Desvignes (pseud. d’Yvonne Paraf). Selon les editions de Minuit, les editions Marguerat auraient produit une version censuree du texte de Steinbeck, et c’est a ce titre qu’elles s’autorisent a retraduire le texte. L’examen attentif du roman publie aux editions Marguerat montre que cette traduction n’est pas censurante, en tous cas pas dans le sens indique dans la preface a la traduction des editions de Minuit et qui fait entre autres etat de pretendues «coupures» et «alterations» du texte original. La traduction des editions Marguerat est, a la rigueur, une traduction que l’on pourrait dire «hypertextuelle», apres Berman, du texte de Steinbeck, ce qui est sans doute l’une des raisons pour lesquelles les editions de Minuit se sont meprises sur la nature de cette traduction.
A Patient Empowerment Model to Prevent Medication Errors

Each year, untold deaths occur because of medical and medication errors in the United States. In generally, most people have the naive perception that the health-care enterprise is a fail-safe system and as such do not take proactive measures to prevent potential medication errors. This paper is timely in light of the proliferation of medication use in outpatient settings and thus warrants the education of patients to take the responsibility in proper drug use. Patients and the health-care professionals must understand the need to see patients as part of the health-care team to ensure quality of care and decrease medication errors. A patient empowerment model to prevent medication error is therefore proposed.
Mechanisms of steroid oxidation by microorganisms. IX. On the mechanism of ring A cleavage in the degradation of 9,10-seco steroids by microorganisms.

Abstract Cell extracts, prepared from Nocardia restrictus, rapidly oxidize 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione with the consumption of 1 mole of oxygen per mole of substrate; no carbon dioxide is evolved. The reaction is stimulated by the presence of ferrous ions. The first product of ring fission has been identified as 4(5),9(10)-diseco-3-hydroxyandrosta-1(10),2-diene-5,9,17-trion-4-oic acid. The enzyme catalyzing the formation of this compound has been tentatively termed 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione 4,5-dioxygenase. The possible role of a quinone intermediate in the formation of the ring fission compound has been eliminated. Further metabolism of the ring fission compound results in the formation of 2-oxo-4-hydroxycaproic acid (isolated as its γ-lactone) and 3aα-H-4α-[3'-propionic acid]-7aβ-methylhexahydro-1,5-indanedione. Whole cells in the presence of 0.001 m arsenite cleave 2-oxo-4-hydroxycaproic acid to pyruvate and propionaldehyde. A reaction sequence has been proposed for the metabolism of 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione by N. restrictus.
Multi-prototype local density-based hierarchical clustering

In this paper, novel hierarchical clustering algorithms, Growing Fuzzy ART (GFA) and Self-Resonant Growing Fuzzy ART (SRGFA), based on connecting prototypes, are presented. The prototypes are generated by vector quantization algorithms: K-means, Self-Organizing Maps, and Fuzzy ART. The Euclidean distance is used to train the first two algorithms in order to allocate the centroids and neurons, respectively. The latter uses fuzzy set operations to check resonance and learn the categories. For each method, a subset of the data set is associated with each prototype; this subset consists of all patterns that, according to a similarity measure, are within a certain threshold from a given prototype. In the case of K-means and Self-Organizing Map, the region is a hypersphere, and in the case of Fuzzy ART, it is a hyperbox. In order to relax the similarity constraint and create larger subsets of data for each prototype, the values of the Euclidean norm and the vigilance parameter are continuously increased and decreased, respectively, according to a step size. Prototypes that have patterns in common are linked together in the process. The data set's final partition is selected as the clustering state in which the algorithm spent most of its time. Synthetic and real world data sets are used to depict the experimental results. External validity indices are used as figures of merit to evaluate the quality of the final partitions.
Perspectives on some challenges and approaches for developing the next generation of selective, low temperature, oxidation catalysts for alkane hydroxylation based on the CH activation reaction

The development of selective, energy efficient direct alkane oxidation chemistry could lead to a new paradigm in materials and energy technologies in the 21st century that is environmentally and economically superior and allow the vast reserves of natural gas to be employed directly as feedstocks for fuels and chemicals. The use of homogeneous catalysts that activate and functionalize the CH bonds of unactivated hydrocarbons is of particular interest from a scientific as well as an economic viewpoint. This results from the strong potential for these catalysts to carry out oxidative hydrocarbon conversions with high atom and energy efficiency and under mild conditions. Despite the large body of work on the CH activation reaction that has been produced over the last three decades, to date relatively few catalyst systems that are based on this approach have been developed that allow the functionalization of hydrocarbons and there are still large gaps in our fundamental knowledge of how to rationally design such catalysts. Addressed in this paper are some of the key challenges and approaches to the de novo, rational development of the next generation of organometallic, alkane functionalization catalysts based on the CH activation reaction with emphasis on our own research.
Role for Combination Therapy in Diabetic Dyslipidemia

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a high residual risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) despite maximal statin therapy and lifestyle interventions. In addition, adults with diabetes frequently exhibit the pattern of elevated triglycerides, small dense LDL, and reduced levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), also known as diabetic dyslipidemia. The role of combination therapy with an additional agent such as niacin, ezetimibe, fenofibrate, and n-3 fatty acids have been extensively studied with disappointing results. Review of key trials assessing benefit of combination therapy to reduce CVD risk from dyslipidemia is performed. While combination therapy frequently results in an improvement in lipid profile, to date, no consistent improvement in clinical outcomes has been observed. Therefore, current guidelines do not recommend combination therapy in individuals with diabetes, highlighting the role of intensifying statin therapy and lifestyle interventions. The recently released The IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial (IMPROVE IT) demonstrated a small but significant improvement in clinical endpoints with addition of ezetimibe to statins in high-risk patients. Although this trial was not specifically targeted towards patients with diabetes, the results may influence the future role of a combination therapy in such a population.