cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Changing Landscape of the Team Uniform Sales Market

The amateur team uniform sales market, long run through small, local shops and sales representatives, is undergoing profound change. The rise of customization and ecommerce may be leading long-time retailers to weigh the benefits of adopting new tactics versus maintaining traditional sales strategies. To gain insight on the team uniform sales market, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six professionals with histories working in the sporting apparel industry. In sum, the participants had more than 40 years of experience. Based on the interviews, several themes emerged that capture the amateur team uniform sales market, including the current market conditions, changes in the market landscape over the past decade, and forecasts for the future of the uniform sales market. The results of the study indicate the amateur team uniform sales industry is rapidly changing, and that the large number of independent dealers and the rise of consolidation is leading to a more crowded and competitive marketplace.
Organelle membranes from germinating castor bean endosperm: I. A comparison of purified endoplasmic reticulum, glyoxysomes, and mitochondria

Endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and glyoxysomes were obtained from germinating castor bean endosperm,Ricinus communis, by sucrose gradient centrifugation. When each of the three organelle preparations was diluted in 150 mM KCl and centrifuged, all of the component membrane material, measured as phospholipid, was sedimented. Also, the respective membrane enzymes, phosphorylcholine-glyceride transferase, cytochrome c oxidase and alkaline lipase were recovered. The endoplasmic reticulum retained most (60%) of its protein. The mitochondria lost almost no protein while the glyoxysomes lost much of their soluble contents.
Serum albumin is incrementally associated with increased mortality across varying levels of kidney function.

Abstract Objectives: Serum albumin (sAlb) may be a strong predictor of longevity in the general population and in chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship between sAlb concentrations and mortality risk independent of kidney function. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 31 274 adults from the 1999–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was examined as both a confounder and modifier of the association of sAlb with mortality risk. We examined the association of sAlb (categorized as Results: In unadjusted analyses, participants with incrementally lower sAlb concentrations of Conclusions: Among a nationally representative U.S. cohort, a graded association was observed between lower sAlb concentrations and higher death risk, which was robust across varying levels of kidney function.
Membrane Capacitance from a Bioimpedance Approach: Associations with Insulin Resistance in Relatively Healthy Adults

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether higher membrane capacitance (CM ), a bioelectrical measure of cell membrane function, is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and/or metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Cross-sectional analyses were performed on 2,191 relatively healthy adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The CM of those with low/no disease risk was compared with those with IR, MetS, or both IR and MetS using ANCOVA. The associations between CM and related clinical measures were assessed with multiple linear regression. RESULTS Compared with those with low/no risk, women and men with IR (P < 0.001) and IR + MetS (P < 0.001) had higher CM , whereas CM was similar in women (P = 0.4526) and men (P = 0.1126) with MetS alone. Positive associations with CM were seen with waist circumference (women and men standardized beta [STD-β] = 0.18, P < 0.0001) and fasting insulin (women STD-β = 0.15, P < 0.0001; men STD-β = 0.12, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Higher CM was associated with IR in relatively healthy adults. In the absence of IR, higher CM was not associated with MetS as defined by its clinical diagnostic criteria. This study suggests that with further investigation, CM may be a potential tool to detect IR-related cell membrane dysfunction.
Dissociative Recombination in Interstellar Clouds

Dissociative recombination has a universality far greater than most researchers in the field realize — it occurs in interstellar matter, the ubiquitous material that exists among the stars of our own galaxy and most others. The interstellar medium is not uniform but is Condensed into relatively dense regions known as interstellar clouds, which can be many light years in extent and contain many solar masses of material. The physical conditions in interstellar clouds comprise a wide range of temperature and density; the matter consists of a gaseous component, which contains roughly 99% of the mass, and a particulate component of tiny dust particles perhaps 0.1µ in radius.1
70 million years of seafloor spreading and magmatism in the South Atlantic

Abstract A basic tenet of seafloor spreading is the need to spatially accommodate the magnitude of lateral spreading. As new spreading proceeds and crust is transported away from the spreading axis, the space created is filled by both the magmatic accretion of new oceanic crust and the brittle stretching of that crust by extensional faults. The ratio between the magmatism and faulting, referred to as M, is dynamically related to the rate of spreading and the topographic roughness of the generated crust. Here we use a multichannel seismic dataset recently collected in the South Atlantic Ocean to examine how the relationships between spreading rate, M, and topographic roughness have changed over 70 million years of crustal ages all created at one spreading segment. We frequency filter the topographic profile of the top of the igneous crust to remove long wavelength signal and determine the best window length for analysis. We then use a moving window to quantify how M and the root mean square of topographic roughness vary across the age transect. Qualitatively and quantitatively, we find spreading rate and M are positively correlated while M and spreading rate are negatively correlated with the topographic roughness of the crust. We are able to expand the age and length scale of an analysis of M by an order of magnitude compared to previous studies. Our analysis also finds that the spreading center in the South Atlantic has likely alternated between an axial high and axial valley twice in the past.
Control Variables in Research

Abstract Control variables refer to variables whose effects on an outcome variable are statistically adjusted in order to estimate causal effects of an explanatory variable. This article discusses methods of controlling for both observed and unobserved sources of confounding. Regression and propensity score are presented as methods in the context of various research designs. Methods that rely on conditioning on observed variables are effective if all sources of confounding are measured and included in the analysis. These methods produce biased causal estimates in the presence of unobserved confounding. Instrumental and mediator variables are presented as methods for estimating effects of the primary explanatory variables in the presence of such confounding.
Kim’s dilemma: why mental causation is not productive

Loewer (in: Physicalism and its discontents, 2001; Philos Phenomenol Res 65:655–663, 2002; in: Contemporary debates in philosophy of mind, 2007) has argued that the nonreductive physicalist should respond to the exclusion problem by endorsing the overdetermination entailed by their view. Kim’s (Physicalism, or something near enough, 2005; in: Contemporary debates in the philosophy of mind, 2007) argument against this reply is based on the premise that mental causation must be a productive relation in order to sustain human agency. In this paper, I challenge the premise that mental causation is a productive relation by appealing to the underlying double prevention structure of the physiological mechanisms of human action. Since the causal pathways from an agent’s mental events to bodily movement involves an absence, mental causation is not productive. This places Kim in a troublesome dilemma in his debate with Loewer: either surrender mental causation or deny that causation is a productive relation. With the support offered for productive mental causation undermined, responses to the exclusion problem based on accepting overdetermination remain viable options for the nonreductive physicalist.
Opening the conformation is a master switch for the dual localization and phosphatase activity of PTEN

Tumor suppressor PTEN mainly functions at two subcellular locations, the plasma membrane and the nucleus. At the plasma membrane, PTEN dephosphorylates the tumorigenic second messenger PIP3, which drives cell proliferation and migration. In the nucleus, PTEN controls DNA repair and genome stability independently of PIP3. Whereas the concept that a conformational change regulates protein function through post-translational modifications has been well established in biology, it is unknown whether a conformational change simultaneously controls dual subcellular localizations of proteins. Here, we discovered that opening the conformation of PTEN is the crucial upstream event that determines its key dual localizations of this crucial tumor suppressor. We identify a critical conformational switch that regulates PTEN’s localization. Most PTEN molecules are held in the cytosol in a closed conformation by intramolecular interactions between the C-terminal tail and core region. Dephosphorylation of the tail opens the conformation and exposes the membrane-binding regulatory interface in the core region, recruiting PTEN to the membrane. Moreover, a lysine at residue 13 is also exposed and when ubiquitinated, transports PTEN to the nucleus. Thus, opening the conformation of PTEN is a key mechanism that enhances its dual localization and enzymatic activity, providing a potential therapeutic strategy in cancer treatments.
The whole cell hollow fiber reactor—III: Comparison of reactor efficiencies using a Hlavác̆ek lumping technique

Abstract This work examines the application of the Hlavacek lumping technique to the substrate mass balance formulated within the cell suspension region of the hollow fiber immobilized whole cell biochemical reactor. In this reactor whole cells (the biocatalysts) are entrapped on the shell side of a hollow fiber dialyzer reactor unit. Substrate solution flows through the dialyser tube side from where it diffuses across the hollow fiber wall into the stagnant cell suspension and reacts irreversibly to form product. Products then back-diffuse to the tube side. The lumping technique allows the dimensionality of the differential substrate balance to be reduced, thereby allowing it to be directly compared with the substrate balance formulated around the entire reactor system. In this way, dimensionless equivalent continuous flow stirred tank reactor holding times are computed for a single hollow fiber surrounded by a cylindrical catalytic cell suspension annulus. Ratios of these dimensionless holding times provide a measure of the relative efficiencies of different sizes of hollow fiber reactor systems. This information may be of use in the optimal design of hollow fiber reactors. The application of the method to porous catalyst pellets is briefly discussed.
HDL-bound sphingosine-1-phosphate restrains lymphopoiesis and neuroinflammation

Lipid mediators influence immunity in myriad ways. For example, circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a key regulator of lymphocyte egress. Although the majority of plasma S1P is bound to apolipoprotein M (ApoM) in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle, the immunological functions of the ApoM-S1P complex are unknown. Here we show that ApoM-S1P is dispensable for lymphocyte trafficking yet restrains lymphopoiesis by activating the S1P1 receptor on bone marrow lymphocyte progenitors. Mice that lacked ApoM (Apom(-/-)) had increased proliferation of Lin(-) Sca-1(+) cKit(+) haematopoietic progenitor cells (LSKs) and common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) in bone marrow. Pharmacological activation or genetic overexpression of S1P1 suppressed LSK and CLP cell proliferation in vivo. ApoM was stably associated with bone marrow CLPs, which showed active S1P1 signalling in vivo. Moreover, ApoM-bound S1P, but not albumin-bound S1P, inhibited lymphopoiesis in vitro. Upon immune stimulation, Apom(-/-) mice developed more severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, characterized by increased lymphocytes in the central nervous system and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Thus, the ApoM-S1P-S1P1 signalling axis restrains the lymphocyte compartment and, subsequently, adaptive immune responses. Unique biological functions imparted by specific S1P chaperones could be exploited for novel therapeutic opportunities.
Controlling UEP Method: Theory

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Controlling UEP Existence and Uniqueness The Controlling UEP Method Analysis of the Controlling UEP Method Numerical Examples Dynamic and Geometric Characterizations Concluding Remarks ]]>
Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) in Southern Africa: Their Role in Conserving Biodiversity, Socioeconomic Development and Promoting a Culture of Peace

SUMMARY Africa's political leaders, local communities, governments, conservation and tourism organizations, bilateral and multilateral aid agencies, the private sector and NGOs are increasingly embracing Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) in recognition of their role in conserving biodiversity, socioeconomic development and promoting a culture of peace. The establishment of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park has provided a useful model for demonstrating the institutional arrangements for TFCA establishment, which have to address political and legal issues, regional support, the role of government departments and conservation agencies, community participation and financial requirements. Two proposed TFCAs, namely the Three-Nations Namib Desert TFCA (South Africa/Namibia/Angola) and the Upper Zambezi/Okavango TFCA (Angola/Botswana/Namibia/Zambia/Zimbabwe) are described and examined in more detail in relation to the benefits they can bring to the participating countries and their role in conserving globa...
NF-κB regulates PD-1 expression in macrophages

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is responsible for T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infections and is expressed on a variety of immune cells following activation. Despite its importance, the mechanisms that regulate PD-1 in cell types other than CD8 T cells are poorly defined. In this study, the molecular mechanisms for inducing PD-1 expression in CD4 T cells, macrophages, and B cells were explored. In CD4 T cells, PD-1 induction following TCR stimulation required NFAT, as the calcineurin/NFAT pathway inhibitor cyclosporin A was able to block PD-1 induction in a manner similar to that seen in CD8 T cells. In contrast, LPS but not PMA and ionomycin stimulation was able to induce PD-1 expression in macrophages in a manner insensitive to cyclosporin A–mediated inhibition. B cells could use both pathways, although the levels of PD-1 expression were highest with PMA and ionomycin. An NF-κB binding site located upstream of the gene in conserved region C was required for NF-κB–dependent PD-1 gene activation in macrophages. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed NF-κB p65 binding to this region following stimulation of macrophages with LPS. PD-1 induction was associated with histone modifications characteristic of accessible chromatin; however, in contrast to CD8 T cells, conserved region B in macrophages did not lose CpG methylation upon stimulation and PD-1 expression. The linkage of TLR/NF-κB signaling to the induction of PD-1 suggests the possibility of an opportunistic advantage to microbial infections in manipulating immune inhibitory responses.
A Thirteenth Amendment Framework for Combating Racial Profiling

Law enforcement officers’ use of race to single persons out for criminal suspicion (“racial profiling”) is the subject of much scrutiny and debate. This Article provides a new understanding of racial profiling. While scholars have correctly concluded that racial profiling should be considered a violation of the Fourth Amendment, the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause, and existing federal statutes, this Article contends that the use of race as a proxy for criminality is also a badge and incident of slavery in violation of the Thirteenth Amendment.Racial profiling is not only a denial of the right to equal treatment, but also a current manifestation of the historical stigmatization of all African Americans as predisposed toward criminality. This legally enforced stigma arose out of, and was essential to, slavery and the social structures necessary to maintain slavery. Courts have wrongly divorced the modern practice of racial profiling from its historical roots and instead focused solely on the subjective intent of individual police officers in discrete cases. By doing so, courts have misunderstood and undervalued the injuries inflicted by racial profiling; failed to acknowledge the systemic, historical bases of racial profiling; and failed to provide effective relief. The Thirteenth Amendment provides both courts and Congress with the authority to remedy this legacy of inequality arising from the slave system in the United States.
Data+understanding=management

This paper presents a methodology for describing aspects of computer systems, both hardware and software, in such a way that a product may be managed throughout ifs entire lifetime, from installation to final removal. A language is introduced, and first experimental results from the Dolphin system are given. >
Food supplementation and abundance estimation in the white-footed mouse

Food availability often drives consumer population dynamics. However, food availability may also influence capture probability, which if not accounted for may create bias in estimating consumer abundance and confound the effects of food availability on consumer population dynamics. This study compared two commonly used abundance indices (min- imum number alive (MNA) and number of animals captured per night per grid) with an abundance estimator based on ro- bust design model as applied to the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus(Rafinesque, 1818)) in food supplementation experiments. MNA consistently generated abundance estimates similar to the robust design model, regardless of food supplementation. The number of animals captured per night per grid, however, consistently generated lower abundance estimates compared with MNA and the robust design model. Nevertheless, the correlations between abundance esti- mates from MNA, number of animals captured, and robust design model were not influenced by food supplementa- tion. This study demonstrated that food supplementation is not likely to create bias among these different measures of abundance. Therefore, there is a great potential for conducting meta-analysis of food supplementation effect on consumer population dynamics (particularly in small mammals) across studies using different abundance indices and estimators. Resume ´ : La disponibilitede la nourriture explique souvent la dynamique de population des consommateurs. Cependant, la disponibilitede la nourriture peut aussi affecter la probabilitede capture, ce qui, si on n'en tient pas compte, cause une erreur dans l'estimation de l'abondance des consommateurs et obscurcit les effets de la disponibilitede la nourriture sur la dynamique de population des consommateurs. Notre etude compare deux indices d'abondance couramment utilises (nombre minimal d'individus vivants (MNA) et nombre d'animaux captures par nuit par grille) avec un estimateur d'abondance basesur un modele de design robuste chez des souris a pieds blancs (Peromyscus leucopus(Rafinesque, 1818)) dans des experiences d'addition de nourriture. La methode de MNA produit toujours des estimations comparables a celles du modele de design robuste, quel que soit le supplement de nourriture fourni. La methode du nombre d'animaux captures par grille par nuit sous-estime systematiquement l'abondance par comparaison aux methodes de MNA et du mod- ele de design robuste. Neanmoins, il n'y a pas d'influence de l'addition de nourriture sur les correlations entre les estima- tions d'abondance par les methodes de MNA, du nombre d'animaux captures et du modele de design robuste. Notre etude demontre que l'addition de nourriture ne risque pas de generer des erreurs dans ces diverses mesures de l'abondance. Il y a donc une excellente possibilitede mener abien des meta-analyses des effets de l'addition de nourriture sur la dynamique de population des consommateurs (particulierement chez les petits mammiferes) a partir d'etudes qui utilisent differents in- dices et estimateurs d'abondance. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Encapsulation of Metal (Au, Ag, Pt) Nanoparticles into the Mesoporous SBA-15 Structure

Mesoporous silica was synthesized in the presence of metal (Au, Pt, and Ag) nanoparticles in the 2−20 nm range. Sample characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The metal nanoparticles in the 2−10 nm range were successfully incorporated into the ordered mesoporous SBA-15 structures; 20 nm particles, whose diameter is larger than the SBA-15 pore size, could not be inserted. In the case of 5 and 10 nm diameter nanoparticles, regardless of which metal, the mesopore channels expanded in order to accommodate the metal particles. By using mixtures of metal nanoparticles of two different sizes, it was found that the inclusion and the resultant pore size were controlled by the larger size metal particles.
Student-Peer Ability Match and Declining Educational Aspirations in College.

The match between a student’s academic ability and the academic ability of the student’s peers has been found to exert influence on student educational aspirations. Research on this has garnered mixed results with some finding that students whose peers have higher ability are more likely to develop a poor self-concept and lower their academic aspirations and others finding the opposite, that more able peer increase motivation and aspirations overall. While the effects of peer and student ability match on the educational aspirations of elementary and secondary students have received attention in recent years, these effects have largely been neglected in postsecondary education. In this study, I use recent postsecondary student data to see how the difference between the student’s SAT score and the mean institutional SAT affects the likelihood of the student experiencing a decrease in educational aspirations post college entry. Findings indicate that students whose scores are below the mean institutional SAT and who are attending less selective institutions are more likely to experience a decrease in future educational aspirations post college entry than students whose SAT scores are above the mean. However, students attending more selective institutions are protected from this effect, likely because of greater selection in admissions at more selective postsecondary institutions.
A Matter of Concern: Kenneth Burke, Phishing, and the Rhetoric of National Insecurity

This essay draws on concepts developed by Kenneth Burke to examine how a rhetoric of national insecurity has saturated phishing research and antiphishing campaigns. In response to the widespread public dispersal of antiphishing campaigns, it calls for a new terminology that challenges the underlying racial violence that characterizes its current practices.
Cultural Expectations and Urban Development: The Role of “Cultural Sensitivity” and “Cultural Sincerity” in Local Growth Politics:

This article examines the role of culture in the local urban development process through a case study of recent proposals in Davis, California. The author argues that community cultural expectations—of environmental leadership and the preservation of local character—had an important impact on project proposals and the political campaigns that followed, including the ability of an unlikely corporate developer to win public approval from this town with a vocal and usually powerful anti-corporate character. While on the surface the local growth coalition came together as expected in the literature, this study demonstrates that development organizations operate within cultural contexts that are more complex than the existing discourse has accounted for. Factors that the author calls “cultural sensitivity” and “cultural sincerity” both play a role. As concerns with environmental sustainability and preservation of local character gain prominence in development politics, the insights drawn from these cases are o...
Software configurable CCD camera for SOHO mission

Goddard's Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics has developed a CCD camera design for space flight use with multi-mission capability as part of its design philosophy. The first application of this camera is being demonstrated as part of the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory launched on December 2, 1995. The multi-mission design philosophy allows for the architecture of the camera electronics to be largely independent of the actual CCD selected for use as the detector. It is the CCD device itself that is typically the mission dependent part of the instrument. This is of great importance to the overall camera design since CCD topologies can vary widely from one manufacturer to another. Such factors as aspect ratio, number of pixels, readout mechanisms, clock phasing and clocking levels are all variables that must be incorporated into the hardware design of the camera. Among the advantages of this approach are the reduction of dedicated hardware and CCD development time. Also, since the camera can be reprogrammed from the ground, it is possible to continually optimize CCD performance in orbit. This may prove useful in offsetting degradation of the device due to factors such as radiation damage.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Will the real story of collaboration please stand up so we can see it properly

There are two stories about collaboration in knowledge management. In one, about moving knowledge, information, and data around, collaboration has to do with getting these to the right people at the right time and solving problems efficiently. Management relies heavily on tools to see that this happens. This narrative, the product of a management mindset, is the ‘view from the top’. In the other story, a ‘view from practice’, people get things done by ‘sharing knowledge’. When they collaborate, they make meaning together. Distinguishing between these views, I pry apart narratives that are invariably intertwined but rest on incompatible ideas about knowledge and what you do with it. The view from practice reveals the ‘real’ story of collaboration. Knowledge-work consists mostly of people (self-)organizing. Talking together, engaged in deciding what to do, they come to know (i.e., understand) the issues they are dealing with and, in the same breath, co-create their work.
Anomalous positrons from heavy ion collisions: Past results and future plans

Abstract The current status of the experimental study of anomalous lines observed in the spectra of positrons produced in heavy ion collisions is reviewed. A new experiment to measure positron-electron coincidences is discussed.
Grain Boundaries and Interfaces: Some Applications of Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis

In the previous conference in this series held ten years ago, (ref. 1) the introductory papers described the main principles of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and microanalyis (AEM) applied to ceramics but few of the remaining 55 or so papers made significant reference to these techniques, In the same year a conference on mineralogy dedicated to electron microscopy demonstrated many beautiful examples (ref. 2) which are of direct interest to ceramists, and techniques were developed to analyse grain boundaries and intergranular phases (3). In the interim electron microscopy has become firmly entrenched in ceramics research, as is quite clear from the papers in this volume. The availability of new and improved instrumentation such as microanalysis and high resolution imaging especially of interfaces has played a very important role in the growth of research activity, (e.g., refs. 2–5). A good illustration of this growth may be found in a recent symposium on electron microcopy of ceramics. (5).
Evaluating the prognostic value of positron-emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging using automated software to calculate perfusion defect size.

Background: Myocardial perfusion imaging by positron-emission tomography (PET MPI) is regarded as a valid technique for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the incremental prognostic value of PET MPI among individuals with known or suspected CAD is not firmly established. Hypothesis: Myocardial perfusion defect sizes as measured by PET MPI using automated software will provide incremental prognostic value for cardiac and all-cause mortality. Methods: This study included 3739 individuals who underwent rest-stress rubidium-82 PET MPI for the evaluation of known or suspected CAD. Rest, stress, and stress-induced myocardial perfusion defect sizes were determined objectively by automated computer software. Study participants were followed for a mean of 5.2 years for cardiac and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were developed to evaluate the incremental prognostic value of PET MPI. Results: A strong correlation was observed between perfusion defect sizes assessed visually and by automated software (r = 0.76). After adjusting for cardiac risk factors, known CAD, noncoronary vascular disease, and use of cardioprotective medications, stress perfusion defect size was strongly associated with cardiac death (P < 0.001). Rest perfusion defects demonstrated a stronger association with cardiac death (P < 0.001) than stress-induced perfusion defects (P = 0.01), yet both were highly significant. Similar patterns held for all-cause death. Conclusions: The current study is the largest to date demonstrating PET MPI provides incremental prognostic value among individuals with known or suspected CAD. Automated calculation of perfusion defect sizes may provide valuable supplementary information to visual assessment. This work was partially funded by a predoctoral fellowship grant awarded to the first author by the American Heart Association's Founders' Affiliate. Additional funding was provided by Niagara Falls Memorial Medical Center, Positron Corporation, the University at Buffalo, and Niagara University. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Preliminary x-ray crystallographic data for the semisynthetic non-covalent complex of residues 1 to 118 and 111 to 124 of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease.

Abstract The enzymically active, semisynthetic complex formed by residues 1 through 118 and residues 111 through 124 of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease has been crystallized at pH 5.7 from ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 CsCl solutions. The crystals belong to space group P3221, have unit cell dimensions a and b = 64.4 A , c = 64.5 A , and γ = 120° and are isomorphous with form M of ribonuclease A as well as forms W and R of ribonuclease S. They diffract well and may be expected to yield a structure defined to at least 3.0 A resolution.
Parent-Child Development Center Follow-up Project: Child Behavior Problem Results

The long-term effectiveness of the Parent-Child Development Centers (PCDCs) as programs to prevent behavior problems in children was examined with follow-up data collected 6–13 years after program completion. Data were collected for 581 children who had been in the programs with their mothers (Ns: Birmingham, 151; New Orleans, 186; Houston, 244). Mothers and teachers were interviewed. There were few significant differences between program and control groups. Only the early cohorts of the Houston program showed significant differences between groups on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Editors' Strategic Implications: This is a rare example of long-term longitudinal evaluation of a cross-site prevention program with a large sample size. Practitioners and program designers will be interested in the author's descriptions of cohort and site implementation differences. The absence of major effects at follow-up (despite significant short-term effects) in this well-designed study must caution us against thinking of early prevention programs as inoculations.
Timecourse for receptive field plasticity following spinal cord hemisection.

Abstract Previously, we demonstrated that between 5 days and 3 months following a partial spinal cord hemisection, proximal hindlimb receptive fields of neurons in the ipsilateral L7 dorsal horn of cats become enlarged3. In this study, we used somatotopic mapping procedures, applied bilaterally, to demonstrate that this change in receptive field size occurs between 10 and 14 days postoperatively.
The Salinity, Temperature, and δ18O of the Glacial Deep Ocean

We use pore fluid measurements of the chloride concentration and the oxygen isotopic composition from Ocean Drilling Program cores to reconstruct salinity and temperature of the deep ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Our data show that the temperatures of the deep Pacific, Southern, and Atlantic oceans during the LGM were relatively homogeneous and within error of the freezing point of seawater at the ocean's surface. Our chloride data show that the glacial stratification was dominated by salinity variations, in contrast with the modern ocean, for which temperature plays a primary role. During the LGM the Southern Ocean contained the saltiest water in the deep ocean. This reversal of the modern salinity contrast between the North and South Atlantic implies that the freshwater budget at the poles must have been quite different. A strict conversion of mean salinity at the LGM to equivalent sea-level change yields a value in excess of 140 meters. However, the storage of fresh water in ice shelves and/or groundwater reserves implies that glacial salinity is a poor predictor of mean sea level.
Capillary electrophoresis of natural products-II.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography were used for the separation of widely different compounds from natural materials including antibiotics, humic substances, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, illicit drugs, coumarins, alkaloids, steroids, Chinese herbal preparations, nicotine, caffeine, amphetamines, toxins such as aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, mycotoxins, heptapeptide aflatoxins and others, ephedrine compounds, mineral elements, and natural compounds in biological samples. A discussion of sample extraction and clean-up and the advantages of using CE is also presented.
Women Traders in Cross–Cultural Perspective: Mediating Identities, Marketing Wares

Women Traders in Cross–Cultural Perspective: Mediating Identities, Marketing Wares. Linda J. Seligmann. ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ix. 308 pp., photographs, notes, references, index.
The Cheyenne Belt: analysis of a Proterozoic suture in southern Wyoming

Abstract The Cheyenne belt of southeastern Wyoming is a major shear zone which separates Archean rocks of the Wyoming province to the north from 1800-1600 Ma old eugeoclinal gneisses to the south. Miogeoclinal rocks (2500-2000 Ma old) unconformably overlie Archean basement immediately north of the shear zone and were deposited under transgressive conditions along a rift-formed continental margin. Intrusive tholeiitic sills and dikes are interpreted as rift-related intrusions and a date of 2000 Ma on a felsic differentiate of these intrusions gives the approximate age of rifting. There are no known post-2000 Ma felsic intrusions north of the Cheyenne belt. Volcanogenic gneisses and abundant syntectonic calc-alkaline plutons of the southern terrane are interpreted as island are volcanic and plutonic rocks. The volcanics are a bimodal basalt-rhyolite assemblage. Plutons include large gabbroic complexes and quartz diorite (1780 Ma), syntectonic granitoids (1730-1630 Ma) and post-tectonic anorthosite and granite (1400 Ma). There is no evidence for Archean crust south of the Cheyenne belt. Structural data (thrusts in the miogeoclinal rocks, vertical stretching lineations, and the same fold geometries north and south of the shear zone) suggest that juxtaposition of the two terranes took place by thrusting of the southern terrane (island arc) over the northern terrane (craton and miogeocline), probably as a continuation of the south-dipping subduction which generated calc-alkaline plutons of the southern terrane. A metamorphic discontinuity across the shear zone, with greenschist facies rocks to the north and upper amphibolite facies rocks and migmatites to the south, also suggests thrusting of the southern terrane (deeper crustal levels) over the northern terrane (shallower levels). The Cheyenne belt may be a deeply-eroded master decollement, perhaps analogous to a ramp in the master decollement in the southern Appalachians. This interpretation of the Cheyenne belt as a Proterozoic suture zone provides an explanation for the geologic, geochronologic, geophysical, metallogenic, and metamorphic discontinuities across the shear zone.
Thermochemistry of some pyroxenes and related compounds

Abstract The enthalpies of formation of a number of crystalline silicates from the oxides at 986 K were determined by oxide melt solution calorimetry. The values of ΔH°f, 986, in kcal/mol, are as follows: MgCaSi2O6, − 34.3 ± 0.4; CoCaSi2O6, − 26.7 ± 0.5; NiCaSi2O6, − 27.1 ± 0.5; MnSiO3, − 6.3 ± 0.3; Mn2SiO4, − 12.2 ± 0.3. In addition, for MnSiO3 (rhodonite)→ MnSiO3 (pyroxmangite), ΔH°986 = + 0.06 ± 0.33kcal/mol and for MgCaSi2O6 (diopside) = MgCaSi2O6 (glass), ΔH°986 = + 21.0 ± 0.3 kcal/ mol. For hedenbergite, FeCaSi2O6, ΔG°1350 = −25.6 ± 1.5 kcal/mol. In terms of pyroxene phase equilibria and crystal chemistry, our thermochemical data support the generally accepted crystallographic arguments that (a) the C2/c clinopyroxene structure increases in stability with decreasing size of the ion occupying the Ml site in the MCaSi2O6 series, and (b) the energy (and enthalpy) differences between orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and pyroxenoid structures are generally quite small and often less than 500 cal/mol in magnitude.
Topographic analysis of somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with well-localized thalamic infarctions.

Abstract After stimulation of the median nerve, three major negative peaks (NI, NII and NIII) of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) have different latencies along the longitudinal array of scalp electrodes: NI and NII at frontal electrodes have the shortest latency (N17, N29). There is a progressive delay toward the central (N19, N32) and parietal areas (N20, N34). NIII (N60) latency differs from one electrode to another but without consistent anterior-posterior latency shift. A variety of SEP abnormalities was observed in 17 patients with non-hemorrhagic thalamic lesions reflecting a disturbance of the complex intra-thalamic and afferent and efferent thalamic pathways. When the lesions were classified into 5 groups according to the presumed vascular territories involved, there were general but not specific characteristics of SEP abnormalities in each group of patients. In four patients with lesions involving primary sensory nuclei and presenting with the thalamic syndrome or the loss of all modalities of sensation, all SEP components after P14 were absent when the affected arm was stimulated. NI peaks were intact in two patients with thalamic sensory lacunes but NII was delayed. NI was present but delayed in three patients with anterior thalamic lesions not involving primary sensory nuclei. In patients with medial thalamic lesions, delayed central NIII was a common finding. In patients with posterior capsule or lateral thalamus lesions either NII and NIII or NIII alone were affected. NI was also affected in some with sparing of the frontal component (N17). These complex relationships between the types of SEP abnormalities and thalamic lesions are compatible with the presence of multiple, at least partially independent, thalamic generators and thalamocortical projection systems mediating regionally specific SEP components.
Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins for Comparing Solvent-Accessibility Changes Accompanying Protein Folding: Data Processing and Application to Barstar

Mass spectrometry-based protein footprinting reveals regional and even amino-acid structural changes and fills the gap for many proteins and protein interactions that cannot be studied by X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy. Hydroxyl radical-mediated labeling has proven to be particularly informative in this pursuit because many solvent-accessible residues can be labeled by OH in a protein or protein complex, thus providing more coverage than does specific amino-acid modifications. Finding all the OH-labeling sites requires LC/MS/MS analysis of a proteolyzed sample, but data processing is daunting without the help of automated software. We describe here a systematic means for achieving a comprehensive residue-resolved analysis of footprinting data in an efficient manner, utilizing software common to proteomics core laboratories. To demonstrate the method and the utility of OH-mediated labeling, we show that FPOP easily distinguishes the buried and exposed residues of barstar in its folded and unfolded states. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mass spectrometry in structural biology.
Unintentional prescription drug overdose deaths in New Mexico, 1994-2003.

Background New Mexico has the highest rate of drug-induced mortality in the United States. The contribution of prescription drugs to the total overdose death rate has not been adequately described. Methods A total of 1906 unintentional drug overdose deaths occurring in 1994 to 2003 in New Mexico were analyzed. Unintentional drug overdose death was defined as death caused by prescription, illicit, or a combination of drugs, as determined by a pathologist. Deaths were investigated annually by the medical examiner and data were analyzed in 2004–2005. Rates and trends of total and prescription drug overdose death were calculated, decedent characteristics were analyzed, and common drug combinations causing death were described. Results The rate of unintentional prescription drug overdose death increased by 179% (1.9 to 5.3/100,000) from 1994 to 2003. A high percentage of prescription drug overdose decedents were white non-Hispanic (63.2%) and female (43.9%). These decedents were older and less frequently had alcohol listed as an additional cause of death than decedents of other drug overdose categories. Of all deaths caused by prescription drug(s) ( n =765), 590 (77.1%) were caused by opioid painkillers, 263 (34.4%) by tranquilizers, and 196 (25.6%) by antidepressants. Conclusions The rate of prescription drug overdose death in New Mexico increased significantly over the 10-year study period. Comprehensive surveillance of drug overdose deaths is recommended to describe their occurrence in the context of both medical and diverted use of prescription drugs. Understanding decedent profiles and the potential risk factors for prescription drug overdose death is crucial for effective drug overdose prevention education among healthcare providers.
Adaptive multichannel modulation for variable QoS multimedia applications in survivable mobile wireless communications

In this paper, we present an optimal, low-complexity method of transmitting digitally compressed imagery through interference-dominated and frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed method combines a wavelet-based image coder that employs phase scrambling and variable quality-of-service (VQoS) channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization (COTCQ), and VQoS multicarrier (MC) power allocation across the channel. Optimal image quality is achieved through a joint iterative process between the image coder and MC allocation algorithm. Using our VQoS allocation method, we show that the image quality can be improved significantly, as compared to an approach that uses a fixed QoS allocation across the channel. Further, this improvement extends to a variety of channels, including those that exhibit jamming interference and frequency-selective fading. The method is also shown to be computationally efficient.
Technetium-99m sestamibi myocardial imaging at rest for assessment of myocardial infarction and first-pass ejection fraction

The ability of technetium (Tc)-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging at rest to evaluate myocardial infarction and first-pass ejection fraction was studied in a trial involving 18 institutions. Protocol I compared regional perfusion with occurrence of infarction by Q wave or by gated blood pool scan wall motion abnormality in 146 patients. Protocol II assessed first-pass right and left ventricular ejection fraction in 85 patients. In protocol I, Tc-99m sestamibi images were abnormal in 104 of 111 patients (94%) with both a Q wave and a gated scan wall motion abnormality and was normal in 23 of 25 patients (92%) in whom both were normal. Therefore, concordance existed in 105 (94%) patients. Of 115 patients with a Q wave, 107 (93%) had an abnormal Tc-99m sestamibi study. Of 115 patients with a gated scan wall motion abnormality, 108 (94%) had an abnormal Tc-99m sestamibi study. Tc-99m sestamibi imaging showed corresponding perfusion abnormalities in 81% of 69 anterior Q-wave infarcts, 73% of 55 inferior Q-wave infarcts and 88% of 8 posterior infarcts. Specificity in normal regions on electrocardiography and wall motion was 91, 100 and 100%, respectively, for anterior, inferior and posterior regions, respectively, between wall motion and perfusion. Of 17 myocardial segments per patient, there was concordance in 74% of patients. First pass Tc-99m sestamibi imaging of ejection fraction agreed well with conventional first-pass imaging for the right and left ventricle. It is concluded that Tc-99m sestamibi myocardial imaging at rest reliably diagnoses and localizes infarction and assesses ejection fraction by first-pass imaging.
Protein kinase C-α interaction with iHSP70 in mitochondria promotes recovery of mitochondrial function after injury in renal proximal tubular cells

This study determined the role of PKC-α and associated inducible heat shock protein 70 (iHSP70) in the repair of mitochondrial function in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) after oxidant injury....
The Intersection of Standards and Professional Knowledge, Skills, and Service: One Road to Ensuring a Functional Future of Bibliographic Control for Serials Acquisition, Management, and Access

The evolution of libraries to the online format has significant implications for serials acquisitions and work flows. From an acquisitions perspective, the recent development of standards and recommended practices by numerous organizations aims at bibliographic control of the online format including the underlying metadata for accessing full text. This article discusses metadata and standards for their effect on serials bibliographic control. Our literature review reveals the colloquial use of the word standards, about which we strive for a more precise delineation. We distinguish standards from recommended practices and maintain that a broader librarian participation in developing standards benefits all relevant groups.
Computations of the tropospheric radiation budget in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico area for clear sky conditions

Computations of solar heating and infrared cooling for clear sky conditions in the area of the Central American Seas are presented, as based on conventional radiosondes in 1960. Results are discussed with regard to latitude mean data available in the literature.