cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SPARC expression in patients with high-risk localized soft tissue sarcoma treated on a randomized phase II trial of neo/adjuvant chemotherapy.

Treatment for localized soft tissue sarcoma includes surgery and radiation, while the role of chemotherapy is controversial. Biomarkers that could predict therapeutic response or prognosticate overall survival (OS) are needed to define patients most likely to benefit from systemic treatment. Serum protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular glycoprotein that has been evaluated as a potential biomarker in numerous malignancies given its involvement in cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and tissue remodeling. Using primary biopsy and resection specimens from patients with high-risk localized, soft tissue sarcoma treated on a neo/adjuvant chemotherapy study, SPARC expression was assessed and compared to patient and tumor characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. Survival functions were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. The Cox model was used for multivariate analysis. Fifty patients had primary tumor specimens available. High, low, and no SPARC expression was found in 22, 13, and 15 patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in time to recurrence or OS between patients in these three groups. Comparing lack of SPARC expression with any SPARC expression, there was no significant difference in time to recurrence in patients without SPARC expression (n = 15) compared to patients with SPARC expression (n = 35). Likewise, there was no statistically significant difference in OS in patients without SPARC expression versus patients whose tumors expressed SPARC. Although we did not find a statistically significant difference in time to recurrence and OS in patients with high-risk soft tissue sarcoma, we did identify a trend toward improved time to recurrence and OS in patients whose tumors lacked SPARC expression. However, SPARC did not demonstrate the ability to discern which high-risk patients may have a worse prognosis or greater benefit from chemotherapy. The trial was registered on September 13, 2005 with ClinicalTrials.gov, number https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00189137?term=sarcoma&id=NCT00189137&state1=NA%3AUS%3AMI&phase=1&rank=1 .
Use of Library Services by Engineering Faculty at Mississippi State University, a Large Land Grant Institution

This study examines library use patterns and information-seeking practices of engineering faculty at a research university. Not surprisingly, the faculty favor accessing journals online but have no preference between print and electronic books. Scholarly communication services, such as data archiving and copyright advisory, are rated as very important support from the library. The faculty value liaison librarians primarily as colleagues who will update them on changes in library policies and budgets for acquisitions. They discover library news and updates via the library’s website, not through social media. The responses from the survey demonstrate that faculty engineers value some information resources and services much more highly than do librarians. Librarians must market better their Libguides, instructional programs, and the professionally constructed specialized databases for which they pay so dearly.
Bilateral Sequential Lung Transplantation: What the Anesthesiologist Needs to Know About the Surgical Approach

Lung transplantation is a viable option for those patients with end-stage lung disease. After careful evaluation of candidacy, a complex operation with numerous challenging components is performed. Described herein, are the salient features of this operation from the viewpoint of the surgeon. Our goal is to enhance the anesthesiologist’s understanding of the process with a view to improving multidisciplinary collaboration to improve outcomes as a whole.
Foot and Ankle Fellowship Websites: An Assessment of Accessibility and Quality.

Background. The Internet has been reported to be the first informational resource for many fellowship applicants. The objective of this study was to assess the accessibility of orthopaedic foot and...
NEPALESE LIVING IN HONG KONG: SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND HIGHER EDUCATION ENHANCEMENT

With a focus on research conducted after Hong Kong reunited with China in 1997, this paper documents how the Nepalese immigrants living in Hong Kong processed their decision to either stay in Hong Kong or return to their home country. A review of 40 studies targeting Nepalese immigrants who chose to stay in Hong Kong found that these families were primarily influenced by: 1) their immigration history, including their roles as Gurkhas in the Hong Kong military and their contributions to the local labor force, and 2) their quality of living in Hong Kong versus Nepal. Among these 40 studies, only seven offered statistics with direct input from Nepalese research participants. Their responses show that the three different generations of Nepalese living in Hong Kong, while contributing to the cultural richness in Hong Kong, have experienced profound social exclusion. This article seeks to compile research findings to define issues facing Nepalese in Hong Kong and offers suggested solutions to the question: How can social workers help Nepalese in Hong Kong obtain economic and educational opportunities to enhance their quality of life? Implications for further research and social service interventions are explored with attention to social inclusion and promoting higher education opportunities.
Acute effects of self-myofascial release and stretching in overhead athletes with GIRD.

Abstract Objective To examine the acute effects of self-myofascial release (SMR), static stretching (SS), and the combination of self-myofascial release and static stretching (SMR + SS) on glenohumeral internal rotation range of motion (GH IR ROM) in overhead athletes with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD). Participants Twelve asymptomatic adult male amateur softball position players exhibiting GIRD. Results All three methods significantly improved GH IR ROM. Post hoc testing revealed that SS alone and SMR + SS improved GH IR ROM significantly more than SMR alone. However, there were no significant differences in GH IR ROM between SS alone and SMR + SS. Conclusions If an athlete has a limited time to perform a warm-up (e.g., 3–4 min), SS alone is recommended to improve GH IR ROM. However, if the athlete has more time available to warm up (e.g., 7–8 min), combining SMR + SS may result in a greater increase in GH IR ROM.
Optical wireless transmission in metropolitan area with strong turbulence

In this paper, we investigate the performance of an optical wireless communication (OWC) system subject to strong turbulence. To mitigate the mathematical complexity induced by the strong turbulence model, the amount of fading (AF) is introduced as a handy metric. It is then revealed that in a certain range of distances the AF decreases as the wavelength increases.
Towards efficient edge cloud augmentation for virtual reality MMOGs

With the popularity of Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies, VR-MMOGs are developing quickly, demanding ever faster gaming interactions and image rendering. In this paper, we identify three main challenges of VR-MMOGs: (1)a stringent latency requirement for frequent local view change responses, (2) a high bandwidth requirement for constant refreshing, and (3)a large scale requirement for a large number of simultaneous players. Understanding that a cloud-centric gaming architecture may struggle to deliver the latency/bandwidth requirements, the game development community is attempting to leverage edge cloud computing. However, one problem remains unsolved: how to distribute the work among the user device, the edge clouds, and the center cloud to meet all three requirements especially when users are mobile. In this paper, we propose a hybrid gaming architecture that achieves clever work distribution. It places local view change updates on edge clouds for immediate responses, frame rendering on edge clouds for high bandwidth, and global game state updates on the center cloud for user scalability. In addition, we propose an efficient service placement algorithm based on a Markov decision process. This algorithm dynamically places a user's gaming service on edge clouds while the user moves through different access points. It also co-places multiple users to facilitate game world sharing and reduce the overall migration overhead. We derive optimal solutions and devise efficient heuristic approaches. We also study different algorithm implementations to speed up the runtime. Through detailed simulation studies, we validate our placement algorithms and also show that our architecture has the potential to meet all three requirements of VR-MMOGs.
Inner-Sphere Coordination of Divalent Metal Ion with Nucleobase in Catalytic RNA

Identification of the function of metal ions and the RNA moieties, particularly nucleobases, that bind metal ions is important in RNA catalysis. Here we combine single-atom and abasic substitutions to probe functions of conserved nucleobases in ribonuclease P (RNase P). Structural and biophysical studies of bacterial RNase P propose direct coordination of metal ions by the nucleobases of conserved uridine and guanosine in helix P4 of the RNA subunit (P RNA). To biochemically probe the function of metal ion interactions, we substituted the universally conserved bulged uridine (U51) in the P4 helix of circularly permuted Bacillus subtilis P RNA with 4-thiouridine, 4-deoxyuridine, and abasic modifications and G378/379 with 2-aminopurine, N7-deazaguanosine, and 6-thioguanosine. The functional group modifications of U51 decrease RNase P-catalyzed phosphodiester bond cleavage 16- to 23-fold, as measured by the single-turnover cleavage rate constant. The activity of the 4-thiouridine RNase P is partially rescued by addition of Cd(II) or Mn(II) ions. This is the first time a metal-rescue experiment provides evidence for inner-sphere divalent metal ion coordination with a nucleobase. Modifications of G379 modestly decrease the cleavage activity of RNase P, suggesting outer-sphere coordination of O6 on G379 to a metal ion. These data provide biochemical evidence for catalytically important interactions of the P4 helix of P RNA with metal ions, demonstrating that the bulged uridine coordinates at least one catalytic metal ion through an inner-sphere interaction. The combination of single-atom and abasic nucleotide substitutions provides a powerful strategy to probe functions of conserved nucleobases in large RNAs.
Polybius’ Interpretation of Plato’s Arcadian Tale: Platonic Influences on Polybius’ Histories

In his Histories , Polybius compares the descent of the rule of King Philip V of Macedon to tyranny to Plato’s description from the Republic of a man transforming into a werewolf. Such imagery is unique in classical Greek historiography, and exemplifies Polybius’ reliance on the idea of men acting like animals to describe when individuals or groups lose self-restraint, an idea found in Plato’s Republic . Plato uses θηριώδης to describe the ‘base desires’ of the soul that must be constrained by reason otherwise the individual will resort to crime or political revolution to satiate them. Polybius employs ἀποθηριόω in situations when individuals or groups lose part or all of their self-control, which results in self-destruction. The parallels in language and ideas indicate that Polybius’ idea of humans acting like animals derives from Plato. Recognizing this intellectual origin provides readers with a better understanding of the universal lessons of the Histories .
Properties of the zeta (1480).

A novel analysis technique of $\overline{p}n$ annihilations at rest has recently brought strong evidence for a new state, called here $\ensuremath{\zeta}$, of mass 1477 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 5 and width 116 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 9 MeV/${\mathit{c}}^{2}$, which contributes dominantly to the $3{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ final state. An analysis has been made of the $3{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ considering all known intermediate states. It is found that only the cascade $\overline{p}n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\zeta}$ and $\ensuremath{\zeta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ with $\ensuremath{\zeta}$ quantum numbers ${0}^{+}$, ${2}^{++}$ (${I}^{G},{J}^{\mathrm{PC}}$) describes $3{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$. The product branching ratio $B(\overline{p}n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\zeta})B(\ensuremath{\zeta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\rho})$ is large, equal to (11.1 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.8)%. The $\ensuremath{\zeta}$ is a good candidate as a quasinuclear $\overline{N}N$ bound state or as a ${\overline{Q}}^{2}{Q}^{2}$ state or, perhaps, as a glueball.
Grab a Seat! Nudging Providers to Sit Improves the Patient Experience in the Emergency Department.

Objective:We assessed whether provider sitting influenced patient satisfaction in an academic emergency department (ED) and if education and/or environmental manipulation could nudge providers to s...
Networked Boundary Control of Damped Wave Equations

This chapter considers the boundary control of damped wave equations using a boundary measurement in a networked control system (NCS) setting. In this networked boundary control system, the induced delays can be lumped as the boundary measurement delay. The Smith predictor is applied to the networked boundary control problem and the instability problem due to large delays is solved and the scheme is proved to be robust against a small difference between the assumed delay and the actual delay. In addition, we analyze the robustness of the time-fractional order wave equation with a fractional order boundary controller subject to delayed boundary measurement. Conditions are given to guarantee stability when the delay is small. For large delays, again the Smith predictor is applied to solve the instability problem and the scheme is proved to be robust against a small difference between the assumed delay and the actual delay. The analysis shows that fractional order controllers are better than integer order controllers in the robustness against delays in the boundary measurement.
Rim Thickness Effects on Gear Crack Propagation Life

Analytical and experimental studies were performed to investigate the effect of gear rim thickness on crack propagation life. The FRANC (FRacture ANalysis Code) computer program was used to simulate crack propagation. The FRANC program used principles of linear elastic fracture mechanics, finite element modeling, and a unique re-meshing scheme to determine crack tip stress distributions, estimate stress intensity factors, and model crack propagation. Various fatigue crack growth models were used to estimate crack propagation life based on the calculated stress intensity factors. Experimental tests were performed in a gear fatigue rig to validate predicted crack propagation results. Test gears were installed with special crack propagation gages in the tooth fillet region to measure bending fatigue crack growth. Good correlation between predicted and measured crack growth was achieved when the fatigue crack closure concept was introduced into the analysis. As the gear rim thickness decreased, the compressive cyclic stress in the gear tooth fillet region increased. This retarded crack growth and increased the number of crack propagation cycles to failure.
The Receiving System

A man-made sonar system can be subdivided into three major subsystems, the receiving, transmitting, and signal processing/decision subsystems. The capabilities of a sonar are dependent on the integrated, interdependent functioning of the three major subsystems. Each subsystem contributes in a specific, but different, manner to the functioning of the total unit. There is no priority of importance assigned to any subsystem; only the capability of the total sonar system can be evaluated. The dolphin sonar system can also be subdivided into the same three major components, and here as well the understanding of each subsystem is equally important in understanding the total unit. In this chapter the receiving system will be studied and its characteristics discussed.
Two Decades of Cultivation Research: An Appraisal and Meta-Analysis

This chapter presents a theoretical review and meta-analysis of cultivation research. The authors examine the roots of cultivation analysis, as developed by George Gerbner and colleagues, and review the progress made in cultivation research since its inception in the 1970s. They also review some of the critiques that have been made of cultivation theory over the years and provide their own critical review and responses. They then offer a meta-analysis of empirical findings from 20 years of cultivation research. This meta-analysis shows an average cultivation effect of .09. Much, but not all, of the variation in cultivation findings reported in the literature can be attributed to sampling error alone. Yet, although the authors tested a variety of hypothetical moderator variables, they found no specific moderator variables. The analysis suggests that many theoretical arguments tend to fade into the background when the corpus of cultivation findings is viewed from a meta-analytic perspective.
Have walking and bicycling increased in the US? A 13-year longitudinal analysis of traffic counts from 13 metropolitan areas

Abstract Local, state, and federal governments promote walking and bicycling in order to reduce emissions and improve public health. Tracking rates of bicycling and walking over time is important for assessing progress towards this goal. In the United States, most data are limited to cross-sectional self-report surveys (e.g., National Household Travel Surveys [NHTS]) or capture only the main commute mode (e.g., American Community Survey [ACS]). This study examines temporal trends (while controlling for spatial factors) of active travel in 13 US metropolitan areas between 2004 and 2016 (with 78% of counts occurring between 2010 and 2016) using repeated counts of bicycle and pedestrian traffic (n = 1319 count locations; 5554 bicycle and 5166 pedestrian counts). We used multilevel mixed-effects models to examine the multi-year trend in bicycling and walking during morning and afternoon peak periods. In the 5 out of 8 models where the temporal trend was statistically significant, we found that, on average, traffic volumes increased at a rate of 2–6% (bicycle) and 2–3% (pedestrian) per year among count locations, holding other variables constant. Presence of bicycle facilities (e.g., bicycle lanes, off-street trails) was positively associated with higher levels of bicycle traffic. Our results based on observed traffic patterns suggest larger increases in bicycling and walking as compared to the trends reported from the NHTS and ACS data. Quantifying the temporal trend from observed counts of traffic may aid policy makers and urban planners in assessing progress towards the goal of increasing bicycling and walking to reduce emissions and increase physical activity.
The Antecedents and Consequences of Impression Management Across Culture: A Meta-Analysis

This study extends impression management (IM) research by offering a meta-analysis of the antecedents and consequences of IM specifically for job incumbents. In addition, by meta-analyzing the role...
Study of Probe Contact Resistance Impact on Inline Testing with Different Bond Pad Design in BEOL

Inline electrical testing in a semiconductor fabrication line is a very common method to monitor the line performance and to be able to detect any issue for the tested wafers. This helps to detect the problems much earlier. Detecting issues earlier not only stops the affected wafer from processing further, but it would be able to highlight an upstream process issue stopping other incoming wafers. Fundamental issues like high probe contact resistance (CRES) during test affects the measurement data integrity of critical device parameters. This also impacts the learning cycles as well as mean time to detect process / drift issues. Extensive data collection and experiments were able to conclude that the presence of copper oxide is the root cause of high CRES. Adhesion to different constructs explains variations seen in different designs.
Are “Education Lotteries” Less Regressive? Evidence from Texas

With little exception, research has shown that state‐sponsored lotteries are regressive in the aggregate, in that lottery sales do not increase proportionately with area income. We test whether the purpose of lottery revenues mitigates this spatial regressivity. In August of 1997, the statutory earmark for Texas Lottery proceeds moved from the General Fund to the Foundation School Fund, which supports K‐12 education. Beginning in 2000, the lottery was increasingly marketed as a funding stream for public schools. Drawing on a content analysis of lottery commission press releases from 1993 to 2006, we find that Instant game sales were modestly responsive to education messaging, in that sales became noticeably less regressive in the wake of more intense reminders of the education component of the state lottery. It is likely that unobserved heterogeneity in local sales factors played a much bigger role than education marketing.
The demyelinating agent cuprizone induces a male-specific reduction in binge eating in the binge-prone C57BL/6NJ strain

Binge eating (BE) is a heritable symptom of eating disorders with an unknown genetic etiology. Rodent models for BE of palatable food permit the study of genetic and biological mechanisms. We previously used genetic mapping and transcriptome analysis to map a coding mutation in Cyfip2 associated with increased BE in the BE-prone C57BL/6NJ substrain compared to the BE-resistant C57BL/6J substrain. The increase in BE in C57BL/6NJ mice was associated with a decrease in transcription of genes enriched for myelination in the striatum. Here, we tested the hypothesis that decreasing myelin levels with the demyelinating agent cuprizone would enhance BE. Mice were treated with a 0.3% cuprizone home cage diet for two weeks. Following a three-week recovery period, mice were trained for BE in an intermittent, limited access procedure. Cuprizone induced similar weight loss in both substrains and sexes that recovered within 48 h after removal of the cuprizone diet. Surprisingly, cuprizone reduced BE in male but not female C57BL/6NJ mice while having no effect in C57BL/6J mice. Cuprizone also reduced myelin basic protein (MBP) at seven weeks post-cuprizone removal while having no effect on myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) at this time point. C57BL/6N mice also showed less MBP than C57BL/6J mice. There were no statistical interactions of Treatment with Sex on MBP levels, indicating that differences in MBP are unlikely to account for sex differences in BE. To summarize, cuprizone induced an unexpected, male-specific reduction in BE which could indicate sex-specific biological mechanisms that depend on genetic background.
Autonomy-supportive treatment for acquired apraxia of speech: feasibility and therapeutic effect

ABSTRACTBackground: Most treatments for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) rely on clinician-controlled practice conditions and repeated exposure to unimpaired speaker models. Recent motor learning r...
Understanding perceived barriers to treatment from web browsing behavior

Abstract Background : The expanding amount of information available from our use of technologies has led researchers to explore how this information can aid in the detection of mental health issues. We expand on past work in this area by exploring how browsing histories might be able to predict perceived barriers to psychological treatment. Methods : We obtained 10 days of browsing history data for 255 respondents as well as assessments of Perceived Barriers to Psychological Treatments and depression, the Patient Health Questionnaire. Results : We found that browsing histories enabled high performance classification of people with high levels of perceived barriers to psychological treatments (AUC average of 0.86). Limitations: Our high classification accuracy does not help understand why different features within the browsing histories are useful to classify people according to browsing history. We also look at people who decided to contribute their browsing history but the use of this data more generally presents additional ethical questions. Conclusions : Browsing histories might be useful to classify people's barriers to seeking psychological treatment. It is clinically relevant to find those who perceive barriers to seeking treatment to better design ways to address those concerns and help them find treatment.
Ultra-High Q Resonators and Sub-GHz Bandwidth Second Order Filters in an SOI Foundry Platform

We demonstrate racetrack resonators with record-high quality factors reaching 6.6 million in a standard 220 nm silicon photonics foundry platform, and first/second order filters with passbands as narrow as 200 MHz, and 1-5 dB insertion loss.
Energy saving potentials of integrating personal thermal comfort models for control of building systems: Comprehensive quantification through combinatorial consideration of influential parameters

Abstract Research studies provided evidence on the energy efficiency of integrating personal thermal comfort profiles into the control loop of Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems (i.e., comfort-driven control). However, some conflicting cases with increased energy consumption were also reported. Addressing the limited and focused nature of those demonstrations, in this study, we have presented a comprehensive assessment of the energy efficiency implications of comfort-driven control to (i) understand the impact of a wide range of contextual factors and their combinatorial effect and (ii) identify the operational conditions that benefit from personal comfort integration. In doing so, we have proposed an agent-based modeling framework, coupled with EnergyPlus simulations. We considered five potentially influential parameters and their combinatorial arrangements including occupants’ thermal comfort characteristics, diverse multi-occupancy scenarios, number of occupants in thermal zones, control strategies, and climate. We identified the most influencing factor to be the variations across occupants’ thermal comfort characteristics - reflected in probabilistic models of personal thermal comfort - followed by the number of occupants that share a thermal zone, and the control strategy in driving the collective setpoint in a zone. In thermal zones, shared by fewer than six occupants, we observed potentials for average energy efficiency gain in a range between −3.5% and 21.4% from comfort-driven control. Accounting for a wide range of personal comfort profiles and number of occupants, the average (±standard deviation) energy savings for a single zone and multiple zones were in ranges of [−3.7 ± 4.8%, 5.3 ± 5.6%] and [−3.1 ± 4.9%, 9.1 ± 5.1%], respectively. Across all multi-occupancy scenarios, a range between 0.0% and 96.0% of combinations resulted in energy savings.
In high-risk patients with acute upper GI bleeding, urgent vs. early endoscopy did not differ for 30-day mortality.

SOURCE CITATION Lau JY, Yu Y, Tang RS, et al. Timing of endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1299-308. 32242355.
Unitary cocycle representations of the Galilean line group: Quantum mechanical principle of equivalence

Abstract We present a formalism of Galilean quantum mechanics in non-inertial reference frames and discuss its implications for the equivalence principle. This extension of quantum mechanics rests on the Galilean line group, the semidirect product of the real line and the group of analytic functions from the real line to the Euclidean group in three dimensions. This group provides transformations between all inertial and non-inertial reference frames and contains the Galilei group as a subgroup. We construct a certain class of unitary representations of the Galilean line group and show that these representations determine the structure of quantum mechanics in non-inertial reference frames. Our representations of the Galilean line group contain the usual unitary projective representations of the Galilei group, but have a more intricate cocycle structure. The transformation formula for the Hamiltonian under the Galilean line group shows that in a non-inertial reference frame it acquires a fictitious potential energy term that is proportional to the inertial mass, suggesting the equivalence of inertial mass and gravitational mass in quantum mechanics.
Clone Wars: Survival of the Fittest CD8+ Trm Cells.

In this issue of Immunity, Hirai et al. illuminate competition for the cytokine TGFβ as a key regulator of CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cell persistence and occupancy in the skin epidermal niche.
Chapter 4 – Lipids and Ketones

Publisher Summary This chapter covers the biochemistry and clinical chemistry of long-chain fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, cholesterol, and ketones. The two most important functions of lipids are energy storage and membrane structure. Triacylglycerols are by far the most important lipids with regard to energy storage, and phospholipids and cholesterol are the most important lipid membrane constituents. Lipids serve other functions, including being precursors for steroids and bile acids (cholesterol), thermal insulation (triacylglycerols), and electrical insulation. Virtually all lipids are insoluble in water, which greatly complicates their handling in the body. Because of their insolubility, lipids must rely on proteins for transport for any significant distance in the body. This chapter begins with a discussion on long-chain fatty acids, and then discusses the structure, properties, and synthesis of triacylglycerol, and assays triacylglycerol. Structure and properties of phospholipids are also discussed. The chapter also elaborates properties of cholesterol and lipoproteins. The chapter concludes with a discussion on biochemistry of ketones including their synthesis and catabolism.
Linearly-Convergent FISTA Variant for Composite Optimization with Duality

Many large-scale optimization problems can be expressed as composite optimization models. Accelerated first-order methods such as the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) have proven effective for numerous large composite models. In this paper, we present a new variation of FISTA, to be called C-FISTA, which obtains global linear convergence for a broader class of composite models than many of the latest FISTA variants. We demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of C-FISTA by showing C-FISTA outperforms current first-order solvers on both group Lasso and group logistic regression models. Furthermore, we utilize Fenchel duality to prove C-FISTA provides global linear convergence for a large class of convex models without the loss of global linear convergence.
Promoting Beauvoir: The Role of the Translator in Crafting a Literary Legacy

This chapter explores the role of translator Asabuki Tomiko in establishing the legacy of French philosopher Simone de Beauvoir in Japan, focusing specifically on Asabuki’s translation of Beauvoir’s Memoires d’une jeune fille rangee (Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter). The author argues that Asabuki helped to ‘domesticate’ Beauvoir’s image among Japanese readers in the 1960s, not only through translation strategies that rendered her feminism less challenging to the status quo, but also through extensive publication of epitextual material that explained and promoted Beauvoir’s work for a mass readership in Japan. As a result of these efforts, coverage of Beauvoir in the Japanese popular press increased exponentially during this decade, and the locus of scholarship on her philosophy gradually shifted from male academics primarily interested in her ties to Sartre to female intellectuals inspired by her potential to enrich feminist thought. Beauvoir’s example of lived feminism, as depicted in her memoirs, was particularly compelling for young women who came of age in the early 1960s. This generation struggled to capitalise on the freedoms and rights they had been legally granted in the postwar Constitution, given a conservative societal backlash that attempted to reassert conventional norms of femininity as expressed through roles of wife and motherhood.
ISCT survey on hospital practices to support externally manufactured investigational cell-gene therapy products

There is considerable interest in the next generation of personalized medicine, especially cell and gene therapy products such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts). Unlike other small molecules or pharmacologic drugs, most existing cell or cell-based gene therapy products (CGTs) require apheresis collection of the patient or donor, subsequent manufacture of the product, and final shipment of the product to the clinical site for infusion. Whereas traditional pharmaceutical drugs have involved the drug sponsor and the clinical site and clinical pharmacy, this new manufacturing paradigm has evolved, in many cases, to include an apheresis center, a cell processing lab, the sponsor's manufacturing facility, and a clinical site with or without a pharmacy. Here we report the results of a survey of current practices handling investigational CGTs conducted by the Immuno-Gene Therapy committee of the International Society of Cell and Gene Therapy.
The Inupiat and Development: How Do They Mix?

One hundred and fifty years ago, the North Slope Inupiat organized their way of life around caribou, seal, bowhead whale, and other prey. After successive developments brought commercial whalers, missionaries, traders, military personnel, government administrators, and, most recently, the oil industry to the North Slope, the traditional Inupiat way of life has changed dramatically, but it has not disappeared. It is also clear that the development activities themselves account for only part of the story. The Inupiat have made a substantial impact on their own society, and it is the interaction between external and internal forces that make the North Slope a fascinating lesson in regional, social, and economic change.
Educability and Education: Filling the Cracks in Service Provision Responsibility Under the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

In 1995, Congress enacted the Education for All Handicapped Children Act with the goal to assure that every disabled child receives a free, appropriate education. Unfortunately, Congress was rather cryptic in specifying which needs must be addressed as “educational” under the Act. As a result, disputes frequently arise between advocates for the child and school districts over the types of services that must be provided as part of a free, appropriate public education.This Article examines the educational-noneducational controversy focusing on residential placement disputes as a prototype. The thesis of this Article is that Congress never intended for service provision responsibility under the Act to be based upon complex distinctions between a child's educational and non-educational needs. It will argue that such determinations cannot, in reality, be accurately made. Any such distinction is illusory and serves, in itself, to foster, instead of resolve, interagency disputes regarding service provision responsibility.This Article begins by examining the issue of whether all handicapped children, regardless of the severity of their impairments, are educable. It will show that Congress adopted the zero reject model of special education, which considers all handicapped children capable of developing through appropriate services. With the zero reject model in mind, the Article next considers what needs and corresponding services Congress considered educational in nature when enacting the EAHCA. The Article approaches this question by first demonstrating that the educational-noneducational controversy arose from the ambiguous statutory definition of a free appropriate public education. It then explores the judicial and professional development of the definition of special education and argues that Congress intended the concept of special education to be construed broadly.This Article then examines the educational-noneducational controversy in the context of the Act's residential placement provision. It reviews the various approaches taken by administrative and judicial decision-makers in determining residential placement responsibility under the Act. The Article demonstrates how each such approach is in conflict with the Act's language and congressional intent, and ultimately serves to fuel further disputes. The Article then proposes a different approach to determining residential placement and other service responsibility that is consistent with both Congress' adoption of the zero reject model of special education and its broad view of the concept of education. It concludes by suggesting an alternative method of developing and financing educational services which is based on cooperative interagency undertakings. These ventures, supervised by the state educational agency under the Act’s directives, would include a sharing of professional expertise and financial resources in developing a high-quality service provision network.
Estimating Solar UV-B Irradiance at the Earth’s Surface Using Multi-Satellite Remote Sensing Measurements

With the continued observation of stratospheric ozone depletion in both the northern and southern hemispheres (Bojkov et al., 1995; Farman et al., 1985; and Soloman et al., 1986), there is mounting interest in the solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) received at the Earth’s surface, especially biologically active solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B). During the last decade, some Earth surface UVR monitoring has been carried out (Scotto et al., 1988; Lubin et al., 1989; Webb, 1992; Booth et al., 1994; Qu et al., 1996; and Bigelow et al., 1998); however, the observations are still limited in duration and areal coverage. Specifically, these measurements have not been sufficient to substantiate or eliminate the possibility of an increase in the solar UVR in the long-term trend of the solar UVR observed on the Earth’s surface, except in the Antarctic (Scotto et al., 1988). There are four main weaknesses in the existing data on UV-B: (1) the reliance of the data set on the use of limited broadband UV-B radiometers and spectroradiometers before 1980, (2) most solar UVR measurements have been made in urban areas where column ozone levels were impacted by significant local trends, (3) air pollution; comparisons are lacking among the different UV monitoring networks, and (4) some of the surface UV measurement instruments have not been properly calibrated. Data quality remains poor except for newer programs.
The Virtual Clerk's Office: A Proposed Model Judgement Lien Act for the Computer Age

This article addresses one aspect of the law regarding the satisfaction of judgments: when a creditor is determined to have a lien on property of the debtor. The unnecessary cumbersomeness of the present system, which limits the ability of creditors to promptly obtain a legally cognizable interest in specific property, hampers creditors in preventing the debtor's use, sale, or hypothecation of property that could be used to satisfy their debts. This is particularly true of intangible property and property where federal law or the law of sister states controls transfers. Not only do judgment creditors face the risk that the debtor will voluntarily dissipate or transfer assets, but also the risk that they will be defeated by subsequent parties who deal with the debtor, become creditors, and are able to find assets. Possibly the most pernicious of those subsequent creditors are the federal and state taxing authorities. The tax lien, once filed, locks in all personal and real property of the debtor. Bankruptcy also presents a serious difficulty for the judgment creditor. If the debtor files for bankruptcy before the creditor can locate personal property of the debtor, the creditor (despite having obtained a judgment) has no greater priority than all of the unsecured creditors of the debtor. If the judgment creditor locates personal property and obtains a lien on that property shortly before the date that the debtor files a Bankruptcy petition, the creditor's lien can be avoided as a preference. Even where a debtor files a Chapter 11 petition and maintains control of the business as a debtor in possession, the debtor can still use the preference section to avoid the creditor's lien.This article proposes that the computer systems currently being introduced to automate court systems around the country serve as the vehicle for the implementation of major reforms in the substantive and procedural law regarding judicial liens. The most significant change would involve the creation of statewide judgment liens on virtually all of the property of the debtor. This article will explore how the proposed system might deal with various types of property and particular third parties, and how to solve some of the transitional problems involved in adopting such a system. The changes proposed are incorporated in a Model Judgment Lien Act (MJLA) which is set forth in the Appendix of this article. It is hoped that the MJLA makes clear precisely how the rules discussed in the article would operate.
On the Stability of Multiple Partner Stable Marriages with Ties

We consider the generalized version of the stable marriage problem where each man and woman’s preference list may have ties. Furthermore, each man and woman wishes to be matched to as many of acceptable partners as possible, up to his or her specified quota. Many-to-many version of the stable marriage problem has wide applications in matching retailers and shopkeepers in e-marketplaces. We investigate different forms of stability in this context and describe an algorithm to find strongly stable matchings (if one exists) in the context of multiple partner stable marriage problem with ties. In the context of Hospital-Residents problem for which only the resident-oriented algorithm for finding a strongly stable matching is known, this algorithm gives a hospital-oriented version (for the same) as well. Furthermore, in any instance of many-to-many stable marriage problem with ties, we show that the set of strongly stable matchings forms a distributive lattice. The results in this paper extend those already known for the one-to-one version and many-to-one version (Hospitals-Residents problem) of the problem.
How to Write Your First Research Paper

Writing a research manuscript is an intimidating process for many novice writers in the sciences. One of the stumbling blocks is the beginning of the process and creating the first draft. This paper presents guidelines on how to initiate the writing process and draft each section of a research manuscript. The paper discusses seven rules that allow the writer to prepare a well-structured and comprehensive manuscript for a publication submission. In addition, the author lists different strategies for successful revision. Each of those strategies represents a step in the revision process and should help the writer improve the quality of the manuscript. The paper could be considered a brief manual for publication.
The FX-87 Interpreter

The first implementation of the programming language FX-87, a polymorphic typed functional language based on a system for static program analysis, is described. This polymorphic effect system integrates type checking and side-effect analysis into a single framework and allows the automatic detection of parallelizable expressions at compile-time. In FX-87, every expression has two static properties: a type and an effect. Type and effect polymorphism permits the behavior of first-class procedures to be statically modeled. The integration of type and effect analysis has resulted in the first system that is able (by accurate modeling of the side-effects of procedure values and masking of unobservable effects in the heap) to detect a compile-time, parallelizable constructs in both functional and imperative programs. >
How “they” see “us”: Native American images of tourists

Abstract Native American folklore and mythology has many examples of burlesquing “the Other”. Such historical parodies and critiques of “the whiteman” influence contemporary attitudes towards tourists. Pueblo and Navajo silversmiths in New Mexico express and manipulate stereotypical images of tourists and Indians in making and selling their work. This helps them deal with the problems of face-to-face interaction with tourists. Stereotypical images can function to defend and protect as well as to discriminate. Tourism research can profit from greater attention to “host” group attitudes towards “guests”, and situationally specific interactions between tourists and locals.
Perturbation of Induced Rotation as an Index of Pattern Structure

Most previous attempts to quantify the organizational complexity of visual stimuli have focussed upon stimulus attributes rather than on the perceptual consequences of stimulus processing. We believe that it is more profitable to emphasize perceptual effects and have developed a methodology whereby the smoothness of induced rotation is used to quantify the organizational structure of geometric figures. Our subjects were presented with two-dimensional perspective views of figures in which the azimuth was successively changed. When the tachistoscopic presentation times ranged from 60 to 100 msec, smooth rotation was always perceived for azimuth orders of 0°, 15°, 30°, 30°, 15°, 0°. When a 15° azimuth view was interposed between the two 30° views, an irregularity in rotation was apparent if the presentation duration exceeded a critical value. We used this value as an index of structural detail. Our figures were computer-generated plots of stacked cubes that were produced in either shaded or outline patterns. Subjects viewed two cycles of rotation of either shaded (textured) or outline figures then judged whether the induced rotation was smooth or interrupted. We found that outline figures generally required longer interposition durations than the more solid patterns for rotation to appear interrupted. It seemed as though structural detail, such as texture, provided more information for induced rotation thereby accentuating any flaws in the smoothness of movement. Language: en
Summer and Winter Prevalence of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157 in Feces of Feedlot Cattle

Abstract The United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service has declared seven Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157) as adulterants in raw, nonintact beef products. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of these seven serogroups and the associated virulence genes (Shiga toxin [stx1, stx2], and intimin [eae]) in cattle feces during summer (June–August 2013) and winter (January–March 2014) months. Twenty-four pen floor fecal samples were collected from each of 24 cattle pens, in both summer and winter months, at a commercial feedlot in the United States. Samples were subjected to culture-based detection methods that included enrichment, serogroup-specific immunomagnetic separation and plating on selective media, followed by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for serogroup confirmation and virulence gene detection. A sample was considered STEC positive if a recovered isolate harbored an O gene...
Mussolini's Dream Factory: Film Stardom in Fascist Italy

Historical distance has exposed the limitations of postwar interpretations of Fascism and introduced diverse critical methodologies that broaden areas of inquiry. Stephen Gundle and Giacomo Lichtne...