cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic Calibration in Label-free Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Improved Multivariate Analysis of Living Cells

We report that plasmonically enhanced electronic Raman scattering signals from metal nanostructures can serve as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy calibration internal standard to improve multivariate analysis of living biological systems.
Vestígios memoriais como forma de agregar valor à moda produzida em brechós: um estudo do brechó Bendita Traça

How can the reuse of memorial traces contribute to adding value to local fashion through thrift stores? Based on this question, how to verify how concepts in the area of social memory, such as memorial traces, can be positive to reveal the value of products and business. The present text, based on theories of social memory, took a sober look at the fashion area, based on “memorial traces”, identified a contribution of the thrift store within the scope of the circular economy. This study does not intend to adhere to the same requirements for the solidarity economy, that is, the sale of second-hand parts to poorer communities. The objective and purpose of this bibliographic research is, based on the proposed conceptual review, to base the knowledge on the themes of social memory, fashion and memory, memorial traces, among others related, in order to bring a further reflection on them within the valuation of the products offered in a thrift store. Therefore, it is also intended to verify how these concepts in the area of social memory can be positive to reveal the value of products and business. For this, we proposed the development of a product, called Communication Diagnosis. This tool is based on the studies and practice in Public Relations.
Adult Independent Living Outcomes for Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) may benefit from lifelong residential, independent living. Often residential housing for persons with ASDs, other than those isolated in the family home, is institutional in nature. The purpose of this research is to identify aspects of a specially designed supported living residence, based on a new co-housing model, referred to in this study as SWSP. Current research suggests that residents who meet the eligibility criteria will positively benefit from this intentional living environment by virtue of its design. There is one major component to this research. Move-in data was collected from the prior, primary caregiver and the ensuing primary caregiver once the study participant has moved-in to the co-housing residence. Intake data was gathered from a simultaneous representative survey of parents and initial caregiving staff for the in-residence young adults with ASD. Resident participation in the project referred to, in this paper, as SWSP and participation in any of the independent housing activities formed the study group. Resulting research data indicates that individuals with an autism diagnosis have diverse needs and exhibit wide-ranging capabilities. The literature and research articulates that highly trained staff and autism specific design features may be most efficacious in addressing the everincreasing adult ASD population.
Influence of endogenous hormone and xenoestrogens on cytotoxic treatment in prostate cancer

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 426 It is well established that androgen plays a critical role in the development, progression and treatment of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Currently, androgen ablation therapy is the treatment of choice for patients with prostate cancer, as the majority of early prostate cancer cells respond to androgen ablation via apoptosis. This treatment modality confers unequivocal, however only temporary, benefit for patients. Unfortunately, subsets of cells arise which are refractory to treatment and survive in the absence of androgen. As such, new and alternative strategies are highly sought after to improve local control and long-term survival outcomes for patients with this disease. Recently, Phase III trials examining the cytotoxic agent paclitaxel, which binds to polymerized tubulin and promotes microtubule stability leading to cellular apoptosis, have currently been completed for use in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. These studies found slight improved survival for late stage treatment, however, the use of paclitaxel as a treatment modality for prostate cancer may be most successful when combined with androgen deprivation therapy. It is increasingly appreciated that in a percentage of advanced prostate cancers, AR can be activated by an expanded set of endogenous steroids or exogenous steroid mimics. It is known that endogenous hormones and select xenoestrogens can decrease the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy. Additionally, the androgen receptor (AR) can act as a survival factor in prostate cancer cells, as testosterone protects cells from undergoing apoptosis induced by numerous mechanisms. Therefore, we examined the ability of these agents to alter the effect of paclitaxel-induced apoptosis on prostate cancer cells. Our data demonstrate that selected endogenous hormones and xenoestrogens can significantly impact the response to cytotoxic therapy, dependent in part on androgen receptor status.
(N,N-Dimethyl-formamide-κO)bis-(3-hy-droxy-picolinato-κN,O)phenyl-bis-muth(III).

The title organometallic complex, [Bi(C6H5)(C6H4NO3)2(C3H7NO)], features a BiIII atom in a distorted pentagonal-pyramidal coordination by two N,O-donating bidentate 3-hy­droxy­picolinate (3-hpic) ligands, one monodentate dimethyl­formamide (dmf) mol­ecule and one phenyl ring. The C atom of the aryl ligand occupies the apical position of the BiCN2O3 coordination polyhedron, while the equatorial plane is formed by one O atom of the dmf ligand and two sets of N and O atoms from the chelating 3-hpic ligands. Inter­molecular secondary Bi⋯O [3.485 (3) A] and O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions connect the complexes into a three-dimensional network. Intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are also observed.
Photodynamic Therapy: Palliation and Endoscopic Technique in Cholangiocellular Carcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma is the primary malignancy arising from the biliary epithelium. The disease is marked by jaundice, cholestasis, and cholangitis. Over 50% of patients present with advanced stage dise
The Theory of Partitions

Since the 18th century the theory of partitions has interested some of the best minds. While it seems to have little or no practical application, it has, in a certain sense, just the right degree of difficulty. The problems are far from trivial, but at the same time they are not so hard as to discourage any attempt at a solution. Besides, through the introduction by Euler (1707–1783) of generating functions, the highly developed apparatus of the theory of functions became available for the study of partitions. A further circumstance of great help in this study is the fact that the generating functions which occur in the theory of partitions and functions closely related to them belong to two important classes of functions, namely the theta functions and the modular functions, both of which have received much attention and have been most thoroughly investigated since the time of Jacobi (1804–1851).
The Silent Majority: Understanding and Increasing Majority Group Responses to Discrimination

Although strong norms exist against discrimination, majority group members are surprisingly unlikely to respond assertively to discrimination when they witness it. A number of factors contribute to majority group members' nonresponse, including lack of intergroup contact, motivation not to see discrimination, unsupportive social norms, and the sense that only members of affected groups are entitled to respond to discrimination. This paper reviews the published evidence supporting this pattern and presents a model of targeted social referencing, whereby majority group members look to, and are uniquely influenced by, the opinions of minority group members in the domain of discrimination. This article reviews the causes and implications of targeted social referencing and proposes interventions aimed at increasing majority group responses to discrimination.
Including the p53 ELAV-like protein binding site in vector cassettes enhances transgene expression in rat submandibular gland

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 477–484 Objective: ELAV-like proteins regulate mRNA stability and/or translation. We evaluated whether inclusion of binding sites for ELAV-like HuR proteins in vector cassettes could improve transgene expression in the salivary gland. Methods: Western blots and immunofluorescence staining were used to determine whether HuR protein was expressed in salivary cells and tissue. HuR binding sites were inserted into the pACEF1α–luc-BGH expression plasmid. Cell lines were transfected with plasmids in vitro and luciferase expression measured. Rat submandibular glands were transfected in vivo with plasmids containing ELAV-like HuR protein-binding sites. An adenoviral vector with p53 ELAV-like HuR protein-binding site was generated and also tested in vivo. Four unique 29mer HuR shRNA constructs were used in A5 cells to evaluate whether there was a specific interaction between HuR protein and the p53 HuR protein-binding site. Results: Salivary cells express HuR protein. Inclusion of the p53 ELAV-like HuR protein-binding site resulted in high luciferase activity in salivary cells in vitro, with similar results in vivo. In vitro shRNA data demonstrated that the high luciferase activity was mediated by the interaction between HuR protein and the p53 HuR protein-binding site. The AdEF1α-luc-p53BGH, including this binding site, mediated very high luciferase activity, ∼4-fold that seen with the CMV promoter, in rat submandibular glands. Conclusions: Including the p53 ELAV-like protein-binding site in transgene cassettes may enhance therapeutic vectors intended for use with salivary glands.
Analysis of Lymphocyte Proliferative Response Subpopulations in Very Low Birth Weight Infants and during the First 8 Weeks of Life

Analysis of Lymphocyte Proliferative Response Subpopulations in Very Low Birth Weight Infants and during the First 8 Weeks of Life
Energy bandgap of AlxGa1−xAs1−ySby and conduction band discontinuity of AlxGa1−xAs1−ySby/InAs and AlxGa1−xAs1−ySby/InGaAs heterostructures

Abstract A technique to determine the conduction band discontinuity in any heterostructure and the resulting band alignment is presented. Energy bandgaps of the quaternary AlGaAsSb and conduction band discontinuity for lattice matched Al x Ga 1− x As 1− y Sb y /InAs, Al x Ga 1− x As 1− y Sb y /In 0.8 Ga 0.2 As and Al x Ga 1− x As 1− y Sb y /In 0.52 Ga 0.48 As heterostructures are reported for varying Al and Sb mole fractions to demonstrate the method. Al x Ga 1− x As 1− y Sb y /InAs changes from a type-II broken-gap alignment to type-II staggered alignment near an Al mole fraction of 0.15 followed by a change from type-II to type-I near an Al mole fraction of 0.9. No type-II broken-band alignments are observed in the other two lattice matched systems. The minimum Al mole fraction required for type-I band alignment increases with increasing In mole fraction. It is shown that the quaternary bandgap becomes indirect for Al mole fractions greater than approximately 0.4 and the conduction band discontinuity is a linear function of the Al mole fraction for the lattice-matched systems.
Stimulation of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cells with Superantigenic Staphylococcal Toxins

Stimulation of T cells by superantigenic bacterial toxins is selective for cells bearing particular B chain variable (VB) gene segments of T-cell receptor (TCR). In humans, staphylococcal exfoliating toxin (ExT) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) are known to stimulate VB 2-bearing T cells and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) does not activate VB 2- bearing T cells. We examined the proliferative response of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) cells to ExT, TSST-1, and SEB. Leukemic VB 2.1 -bearing CTCL cells were reactive to ExT and TSST-1, but not SEB. In addition, two leukemia CTCL-VB 2- cell samples (one of which was VB 8) showed no substantial response to ExT. Thus, it was shown that Sezary cells proliferate in response to bacterial superantigens in a manner that is restricted by their VB usage. The addition of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in combination with ExT enhanced the stimulative response of VB 2.1–bearing CTCL cells that were pre-cultured with ExT for 7 d, suggesting that IL-1 can be a co-factor for the stimulation. The present study indicates that the superantigen reaction occurs with CTCL cells and implies a possible involvement of bacterial toxins in the pathogenesis of CTCL.
Optical nonlinearities and optical limiting in GaP at 532 nm

We demonstrate a proof-of-principle, GaP optical energy limiter for 532 nm, 25 ps, pulsed radiation that exhibits an output limiting level of less than 1 (mu) j/cm2. Optical limiting at this level is significant for use in systems designed to protect the human eye from laser radiation damage. The device employs a standard configuration that is realized by placing the GaP at the intermediate focal plane of a 1-to-1 inverting telescope, which is followed by an aperture set to clip the linearly transmitted beam at the 1/e point of the irradiance profile. The linear (indirect) absorption in GaP at this wavelength results in the optical generation of very large densities of free carriers. We therefore anticipate the performance of this device to be highly dependent on free carrier nonlinearities. This is confirmed by performing both two beam and single beam measurements on the material itself in order to determine both the absorptive and refractive parameters at this wavelength. We find that the free carrier absorption cross section is is congruent to 2 X 10-18 cm2, and the change in index per photogenerated electron hole pair is is congruent to -2.4 X 10-22 cm3.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Oxidation State of Neptunium in Nitric Acid in the Presence of Selected Scavengers

A series of experiments was performed with selected reagents that were added to inhibit the reduction of Np(VI) to Np(V) during irradiation of its solutions in HNO3. Acetamide and methylurea as nitrous acid scavengers, and vanadium(V) as a neptunium(V) oxidizer, were examined in this effort. Solutions of these reagents in 4 M HNO3 were irradiated in a Co-60 gamma irradiator. Additions of 1-10 mM of methylurea and vanadium(V) essentially had no effect on the final oxidation state of Np after irradiation with a dose of 60 kGy, while the addition of higher concentrations of methylurea (50 and 100 mM) led to an almost complete reduction of Np to the tetravalent oxidation state.
Modeling Writing Styles for Online Writer Identification: A Hierarchical Bayesian Approach

With the explosive growth of the tablet form factor and greater availability of pen-based direct input, writer identification in online environments is increasingly becoming critical for a variety of downstream applications such as intelligent and adaptive user environments, search, retrieval, indexing and digital forensics. Extant research has approached writer identification by using writing styles as a discriminative function between writers. In contrast, we model writing styles as a shared component of an individual&#x00E2;s handwriting. We develop a theoretical framework for this conceptualization and model this using a three level hierarchical Bayesian model (Latent Dirichlet Allocation). In this text-independent, unsupervised model each writer&#x00E2;s handwriting is modeled as a distribution over finite writing styles that are shared amongst writers. We test our model on a novel online/offline handwriting dataset IBM UB 1 which is being made available to the public. Our experiments show comparable results to current benchmarks and demonstrate the efficacy of explicitly modeling shared writing styles.
Implementation of an element-by-element solution algorithm for the finite element method on a coarse-grained parallel computer

Abstract An element-by-element solution algorithm for systems of equations arising in applying the finite element method in solid mechanics was implemented on the loosely coupled array of processors (lCAP) parallel computer located at IBM Kingston. The element-by-element algorithm has previously been shown to be advantageous over direct solution algorithms for large problems on sequential computers. It also has the advantage that it can be implemented in parallel on machines such as the lCAP in a relatively straightforward manner. The results show that solution speedup efficiencies of approximately 95% can be readily achieved with this method, with no indication that the speed-up efficiency drops off as more processors are added. The implementation used is applicable to other coarse-grained parallel architectures in addition to the lCAP computer.
Global Earthquake Fatalities and Population

Modern global earthquake fatalities can be separated into two components: (1) fatalities from an approximately constant annual background rate that is independent of world population growth and (2)...
Purification of d-amino acid oxidase from Trigonopsis variabilis

Abstract The d -amino acid oxidase in sonicates of Trigonopsis variabilis was purified by precipitating it with acetone and with ammonlum sulfate, removing nucleo-proteins with protamine sulfate, adsorbing impurities with charcoal, and applying gel and ion-exchange chromatography. The final fraction had a specific activity over 250 times greater than that of the initial sonicate. At 38°C, toluic and benzoic acids did not inhibit the enzyme appreciably, but heating to 55°C for 5 min completely inactivated it. Inhibition by p-chloromercuribenzoate and its partial reversal by 2-mercaptoethanol indicated the probable presence of functional sulfhydryl groups. Addition of FAD did not markedly enhance the activity of the purified enzyme, presumably because the FAD originally present was too tightly bound to permit excessive loss in the purification steps. The apparent Michaelis constant of the purified enzyme for d -leucine approximated 2.8 × 10−4 m . In descending order, activities toward the several d -amino acids tested were: d -leucine > d -tryptophan > d -methionine > d -histidine > d -alanine. The purified enzyme did not attack d -threonine.
Elastic modeling and steep dips: unraveling the reflected wavefield

As part of a larger elastic numerical modeling project, we have been investigating how energy reflected from steeply dipping interfaces is recorded using typical multicomponent acquisition geometries. Specifically, we have been interpreting how rcflection events from the flanks of salt dome structures are distributed on 3C and 4C phones for vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) and ocean bottom seismic (OBS) or land surface surveys. The ultimate goal of this investigation is to improve the structural imaging of steeply dipping interfaces and eventually to evaluate the usc of the recorded elastic wavefield for fluid description near these interfaces. In the current work, we focus on a common assumption used when processing converted wave reflection seismic data that most PP energy is recorded on the vertical geophone and/or the hydrophone and that most PS energy is recorded on the horizontal geophones. This is a useful assumption when it is valid, because it eliminates the need for separation of the recorded wavefield into P and S wavetypes. Using two elastic models and different acquisition geometries, we examine the validity of this assumption in the presence of steeply dipping interfaces and discuss the implications for converted-wave and vector imaging of salt flanks.
Various Dendritic Abnormalities Are Associated with Fibrillar Amyloid Deposits in Alzheimer's Disease

Dystrophic neurites are associated with fibrillar amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the frequency and types of changes in synaptic structures near amyloid deposits have not been well characterized. Using high-resolution confocal microscopy to image lipophilic dye-labeled dendrites and thioflavin-S-labeled amyloid plaques, we systematically analyzed the structural changes of dendrites associated with amyloid deposition in both a transgenic mouse model of AD (PSAPP) and in human postmortem brain. We found that in PSAPP mice, dendritic branches passing through or within 40 mum from amyloid deposits displayed various dendritic abnormalities such as loss of dendritic spines, shaft atrophy, bending, abrupt branch endings, varicosity formation, and sprouting. Similar structural alterations of dendrites were seen in postmortem human AD tissue, with spine loss as the most common abnormality in both PSAPP mice and human AD brains. These results demonstrate that fibrillar amyloid deposits and their surrounding microenvironment are toxic to dendrites and likely contribute to significant disruption of neuronal circuits in AD.
Intravascular ultrasound imaging: a current perspective.

Abstract Catheter-based intravascular ultrasound imaging has evolved from a research tool to a device that has received Food and Drug Administration approval. Although it is currently employed as an adjunct to contrast angiography in both the peripheral and the coronary circulation, the indications for its use and its clinical utility have yet to be defined. Much of the research on the technique has explored its qualitative and quantitative capabilities to improve the assessment of atherosclerotic vascular disease. There is the hope that this imaging technique may ultimately improve the performance of endovascular interventions. This review describes the development of the technology from early in vitro validation studies to its present use in human subjects. Wherever possible, studies that validate the findings (that is, by comparison with histopathology results) of intravascular ultrasound are emphasized. Although there is great promise for this technology, limitations such as loss of image quality in severely diseased or heavily calcified vessels hinder its use. The application of imaging with endovascular intervention, imaging of intracardiac structures and the pulmonary circulation and new techniques such as computer image analysis are discussed.
Ligand-Induced Autoregulation of IFN-γ Receptor β Chain Expression in T Helper Cell Subsets

Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) responsiveness in certain cells depends on the state of cellular differentiation or activation. Here an in vitro developmental system was used to show that IFN-gamma produced during generation of the CD4+ T helper cell type 1 (TH1) subset extinguishes expression of the IFN-gamma receptor beta subunit, resulting in TH1 cells that are unresponsive to IFN-gamma. This beta chain loss also occurred in IFN-gamma-treated TH2 cells and thus represents a specific response of CD4+ T cells to IFN-gamma rather than a TH1-specific differentiation event. These results define a mechanism of cellular desensitization where a cytokine down-regulates expression of a receptor subunit required primarily for signaling and not ligand binding.
Use of neutron beams for chemical analysis at NIST

At the National Institute of Standards and Technology, there are two techniques for chemical analysis that use neutron beams from the reactor for target irradiation: neutron depth profiling (NDP) and prompt γ-ray activation analysis (PGAA). There are two facilities for each technique, one equipped with a thermal neutron beam and the other, with a cold neutron beam. In addition, focused beams of cold neutrons will be used to measure the two-dimensional element distributions by PGAA and three-dimensional distributions by NDP. This paper includes a brief description of the facilities, the measurement capabilities of each, some recent applications of NDP and PGAA, and neutron focusing as applied to these techniques.
Ribonuclease activity in guinea pig prostate and seminal vesicles.

Abstract The distribution of ribonuclease activity in sub-cellular fractions of guinea pig prostate and seminal vesicles was demonstrated. In the prostate, the maximum specific acid ribonuclease activity was localized in the 8000×g pellet, whereas in seminal vesicles alkaline ribonuclease was found in the 8000×g pellet, as well as in the microsomes. Detergents (Lubrol W, Triton X-100) which did not alter the standard bovine pancreatic ribonuclease activity increased the ribonuclease activity mainly in 800×g the supernatant. A strong natural inhibitor exists in the post-microsomal supernatant fraction from seminal vesicles. It is active against bovine pancreatic ribonuclease as well as against alkaline ribonuclease found in seminal vesicle secretion.
A low-temperature firing thick film capacttor material based on lead iron niobate/tungstate

Abstract The preparation of solid solution perovskite 70% Pb(Fe 1 2 Nb 1 2 ) O 3 -30% Pb(Fe 2 3 W 1 3 ) O 3 is described for use as a thick film capacitor on ceramic chip carriers. The limited densification at the temperature range of interest (850 – 900°C) requires the addition of a sintering aid. It is shown that a small addition of PbO(7 vol.%) is sufficient to promote densification of this material and maintain a dielectric constant exceeding 4000 for a fired thick film. Other electrical and physical properties of this material are described.
Economic Foundations for the Interdisciplinary Modeling of Water Resources Under Climate Change

Climate change is likely to alter the scarcity of water resources, contributing to increased concern among policymakers and water managers about how to best allocate water among competing uses. Hydroeconomic models provide a means of integrating human and biophysical systems to understand the impacts of alternative water policies. This article discusses foundational concepts related to economic efficiency, with a specific focus on the equimarginal principle, and presents a modeling framework that demonstrates how to use these concepts as a starting point for an interdisciplinary model of water resources management. The modeling framework accommodates concerns about allocating water across competing uses, over time, and with stochastic water availability.
Holey Fiber Microcavities

Microcavities have been formed by placing mirrors on the ends of a short section of holey fiber. The resonant behavior of these devices was analyzed and their suitability for use in nonlinear-optics experiments was evaluated.
Mutagenesis Study of Retinal Entry Pathway of Rhodopsin

The visual photoreceptor rhodopsin binds a photosensitive ligand 11-cis-retinal to respond to light stimulation. The regeneration of rhodopsin with 11-cis-retinal completes the photocycle of visual signaling. The molecular determinants of retinal entry can be assessed by measuring the retinal uptake kinetics of site-directed rhodopsin mutants. Here we report an assay for this purpose based on the energy transfer between 11-cis-retinal and a fluorescent probe covalently attached to the receptor. Previously, we developed an approach for site-specific labeling of G protein-coupled receptors by combining amber codon suppression technology and strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction[1]. We have demonstrated robust fluorescent labeling of receptors without generating a cysteine-free background. We utilized this approach to label rhodopsin with Alexa488 as the FRET donor. Compared to tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy, our assay exhibits a greater sensitivity and enables the characterization of mutant with slow retinal uptake kinetics. We showed that the heterologously expressed rhodopsin labeled at the second intracellular loop retains the wild-type retinal uptake kinetics. We further introduced a series of substitutions for the residues located in proximity of the retinal β-ionone binding pocket. We observed three orders of magnitude changes in retinal uptake kinetics. By varying the residue substitution we further studied the effect of hydrogen bonding and sterical hindrance. The insights into retinal entry not only shed light on a physiologically relevant process, but also facilitate understanding of retinal diseases.[1] H Tian, TP Sakmar, T Huber. Site-specific labeling of genetically encoded azido groups for multicolor, single-molecule fluorescence imaging of GPCRs. Methods in Cell Biology. In press.
Effect of copolymer composition on the miscibility of blends of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers with poly (methyl methacrylate)

Abstract The phase behaviour for blends of various polymethacrylates with styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers has been examined as a function of the acrylonitrile content of the copolymer. Poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate) and poly(n-propyl methacrylate) were found to be miscible with SANs over a limited window of acrylonitrile contents while no SANs appear to be miscible with poly(isopropyl methacrylate) or poly(n-butyl methacrylate). These conclusions were reached on the basis of lower critical solution temperature ( LCST ) and glass transition temperature behaviour. All miscible blends exhibited phase separation on heating, LCST behaviour, at temperatures which varied greatly with copolymer composition. An optimum acrylonitrile (AN) level ranging from about 10 to 14% by weight resulted in the highest temperatures for phase separation which has important implications for selection of SANs to produce homogeneous mixtures by melt processing. The basis for miscibility in these systems is evidently repulsion between styrene and acrylonitrile units in the copolymer as explained by recent models. The excess volumes for all blends are zero within experimental accuracy which suggests that the interactions for miscibility are relatively weak even for the optimum AN level. This interaction becomes smaller the larger or more bulky is the alkyl side group of the polymethacrylate.
Early Exposure to Parents' Relationship Instability: Implications for Sexual Behavior and Depression in Adolescence

Purpose Examine the effects of the timing of parents' relationship instability on adolescent sexual and mental health.
Aspergillus terreus osteomyelitis.

Aspergillus terreusinfection limited to the L1-2 disk space and first and second lumbar vertebrae developed in a patient not predisposed to invasive aspergillosis. The observation of morphologically distinct secondary spores (aleuriospores) on microscopic examination of open biopsy specimens permitted a preliminary identification ofA terreus, which was confirmed by culture. The infection was eradicated with amphotericin B in a total dose of 3 gm.Aspergillus terreusis usually a saprophyte. The present case and four others collected from the literature establish this species as an invasive pathogen. (Arch Intern Med. 137:918-920, 1977)
Private Anonymous Messaging

Messaging systems where a user maintains a set of contacts and broadcasts messages to them is very common. We address the problem of a contact obtaining a message that it missed, from other contacts of the user while maintaining anonymity of all parties involved. We identify a set of requirements in addressing this problem and propose a modification to the hierarchical identity based encryption scheme proposed by Boneh et. al. We briefly present an implementation of the proposed cryptographic primitives as a proof of concept.
STEREOCHEMICAL SPECIFICITY OF THE N‐9 LIPOXYGENASE OF FISH GILL

Stereospecificity of oxygen addition distinguishes lipoxygenase initiated lipid peroxidation from nonenzymatic autoxidation that produces a racemic mixture. Similarly, the positional and stereoconfiguration of lipoxygenase metabolites of un saturated fatty acids determine their precise physiological bioactivity. Teleost fish gills produce predominantly the 12 hydroxy derivative of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Following reaction of arachidonic acid with fish gill lipoxygenase, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) was isolated using column chromatography and HPLC. Chiral phase HPLC revealed that the single 12(S) HETE isomer was produced by the enzyme. Proton NMR further confirmed the structure as identical to the 12(S) HETE produced in mammalian platelets and lungs.
Towards an integrated environment for Spanish document verification and composition

Languages other than English have received little attention as far as the application of natural language processing techniques to text composition is concerned. The present paper describes briefly work under development aiming at the design of an integrated environment for the construction and verification of documents written in Spanish. In a first phase, a dictionary of Spanish has been implemented, together with a synonym dictionary. The main features of both dictionaries will be summarised, and how they are applied in an environment for document verification and composition.
Two minds about odors

It has long been suggested that synchronous fast oscillations in central sensory systems facilitate formation of neural assemblies that represent sensory objects. This hypothesis derives from the olfactory system, where odor-evoked fast oscillations of 40 Hz and above in the local field potential of the mammalian olfactory bulb (OB) were first reported by Adrian (1). Similar oscillations (≈20 Hz) were observed half a century later in the insect mushroom body (MB) driven by antennal lobe (AL) synchrony (2). Two reports have shown empirical evidence that the relative power of fast oscillatory activity represents underlying neural synchrony and correlates in a general way with the ability of the animals (mice and honey bees) to discriminate chemically similar stimuli (3, 4). These studies together suggest that more oscillatory synchrony allows better discriminability and that less synchrony degrades discriminability of chemically similar odors. What these studies do not address is the advantage of not discriminating odors in some circumstances, of clustering odors by chemical or other features. In this issue of PNAS, a computational model by Sivan and Kopell (5) addresses odor clustering in the insect olfactory system. The authors ask how the same system can be very efficient at both sensory object clustering and fine discrimination of similar objects. This is indeed an important question, particularly when we consider the functional structure of olfactory systems in diverse animals. Sivan and Kopell show that the modular structure of the insect system is capable of accomplishing both of these tasks in parallel pathways, so that discriminating individual odors is anatomically separate from, but simultaneous to, odor clustering. The striking similarity of separately evolved olfactory systems in insects and mammals drives speculation that convergent evolution has yielded a good solution to the odor coding and discrimination problem (6, 7), and, by focusing on …
Microstructure of Nonpolar a-Plane GaN Grown on (1120) 4H-SiC Investigated by TEM.

Plan-view and cross-section samples of (1120) (a-plane) GaN grown on 4H-SiC substrates with AlN buffer layers were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Samples reveal the presence of a high density of stacking faults formed on the basal plane of hexagonal GaN. These stacking faults, terminated in the growth plane by threading dislocations, nucleate at the AlN/4H-SiC interface and propagate to the GaN layer surface. High resolution electron microscopy shows that the majority of stacking faults are low-energy planar defects of the type I1 and I2. High energy stacking faults (E) are not observed.
Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-mediated Induction of the CYP1 Enzymes in Environmental Toxicity and Cancer

The mammalian CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 genes (encoding cytochromes P450 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1, respectively) are regulated by the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The CYP1 enzymes are responsible for both metabolically activating and detoxifying numerous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aromatic amines present in combustion products. Many substrates for CYP1 enzymes are AHR ligands. Differences in AHR affinity between inbred mouse strains reflect variations in CYP1 inducibility and clearly have been shown to be associated with differences in risk of toxicity or cancer caused by PAHs and arylamines. Variability in the human AHR affinity exists, but differences in human risk of toxicity or cancer related to AHR activation remain unproven. Mouse lines having one or another of the Cyp1 genes disrupted have shown paradoxical effects; in the test tube or in cell culture these enzymes show metabolic activation of PAHs or arylamines, whereas in the intact animal these enzymes are sometimes more important in the role of detoxification than metabolic potentiation. Intact animal data contradict pharmaceutical company policies that routinely test drugs under development; if a candidate drug shows CYP1 inducibility, further testing is generally discontinued for fear of possible toxic or carcinogenic effects. In the future, use of "humanized" mouse lines, containing a human AHR or CYP1 allele in place of the orthologous mouse gene, is one likely approach to show that the AHR and the CYP1 enzymes in human behave similarly to that in mouse.
Two-dimensional learning-control theory for robotic manipulators

Abstract In this paper a two-dimensional (2-D) learning control scheme for robot manipulators is proposed. The scheme is based on an iterative structure that utilizes available data from previous operation of a specified trajectory. It is shown that the fast convergence of the actual trajectory to the desired one is guaranteed upon proper selection of a weighting matrix. The proposed learning-control technique is applied to a trajectory-tracking problem for a two-link, as well as a Microbot, manipulator. Convergence of the scheme for various weighting matrices is shown.
Multi-residue method for the analysis of 85 current-use and legacy pesticides in bed and suspended sediments.

A multi-residue method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 85 current-use and legacy organochlorine pesticides in a single sediment sample. After microwave-assisted extraction, clean-up of samples was optimized using gel permeation chromatography and either stacked carbon and alumina solid-phase extraction cartridges or a deactivated Florisil column. Analytes were determined by gas chromatography with ion-trap mass spectrometry and electron capture detection. Method detection limits ranged from 0.6 to 8.9 μg/kg dry weight. Bed and suspended sediments from a variety of locations were analyzed to validate the method and 29 pesticides, including at least 1 from every class, were detected.
Rutaceae leaf fossils from the Late Oligocene (27.23 Ma) Guang River flora of northwestern Ethiopia

Abstract Fossil leaf compressions from the Late Oligocene (27.23 Ma) Guang River flora of northwestern Ethiopia include a new record of Vepris and the earliest record of Clausena and the subfamily Aurantioideae. These fossils, along with most other African rutaceous fossils, are associated with a tropical moist forest community. The large number of Rutaceae taxa in eastern Africa during the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene is likely due to a radiation within Africa or dispersal to Africa associated with the continental expansion of moist tropical forest during this time interval.
Cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease in blacks: comparison to whites in a prospective study

Abstract The American Cancer Society's prospective study of 1 million Americans was analyzed to determine whether coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates by cigarette smoking in blacks differed from those in whites. More than 22,000 blacks were followed up for nearly 200,000 person-years in the 12-year study 1960–1972. A total of 642 black males and 487 black females who died of CHD at age 40 years and older were included. CHD mortality ratios by number of cigarettes smoked were about the same at given smoking levels in black and white males and were slightly lower in black than in white females. The combined effects of a history of high blood pressure and other cardiovascular disease with smoking elevated the risk of dying of CHD, particularly in persons under age 65 years at the start of the study. In black females under 65 years of age who smoked cigarettes and had a history of these diseases, the CHD rate was 7.3 times higher than in white females who did not smoke and had no history of these diseases. The effect of other smoking variables and of exercise and overweight on the differences in rates between blacks and whites is also discussed.
Electrodeposition of CdSe coatings on ZnO nanowire arrays for extremely thin absorber solar cells

Abstract We report on electrodeposition of CdSe coatings onto ZnO nanowire arrays and determine the effect of processing conditions on material properties such as morphology and microstructure. CdSe-coated ZnO nanowire arrays have potential use in extremely thin absorber (ETA) solar cells, where CdSe absorbs visible light and injects photoexcited electrons into the ZnO nanowires. We show that room-temperature electrodeposition enables growth of CdSe coatings that are highly crystalline, uniform, and conformal with precise control over thickness and microstructure. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show nanocrystalline CdSe in both hexagonal and cubic phases with grain size ∼5 nm. Coating morphology depends on electrodeposition current density. Uniform and conformal coatings were achieved using moderate current densities of ∼2 mA cm−2 for nanowires with roughness factor of ∼10, while lower current densities resulted in sparse nucleation and growth of larger, isolated islands. Electrodeposition charge density controls the thickness of the CdSe coating, which was exploited to investigate the evolution of the morphology at early stages of nucleation and growth. UV–vis transmission spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical solar cell measurements demonstrate that CdSe effectively sensitizes ZnO nanowires to visible light.
Clothing Interest As An Indicator Of Catalog Use

Despite the growth of catalog shopping, there is little known about the identity of catalog shoppers. This study attempted to identify light and heavy catalog users according to clothing interest. The sample consisted of 93 female catalog shoppers for apparel from a southwestern state. A two-way ANOVA was used to investigate differences with the individual clothing interest inventory scores and catalog use. Significant main effects were found for the individual clothing in terest inventory scores and catalog use (p < 0.01); however, the interaction be tween clothing interest and catalog use was not significant. Stepwise regression resulted in style and brand name as significant variables in predicting clothing interest. Results implied that research findings presently in the literature re garding clothing interest and the retail shopper were applicable to the catalog shopper.
Effect of adsorbed uracil and its derivatives on the rate of oxygen reduction on platinum in acid electrolytes

Abstract The rate of oxygen reduction in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 has been controlled by adsorbing uracil and its alkyl derivatives on a Pt electrode. Addition of an ethyl group to C(5), or methyl groups to the C(5) and C(6) positions of uracil, enhances the reaction rate. 5-Ethyluracil and 5,6-dimethyluracil have such an effect, however, only when their concentrations in the electrolyte are ≤0.1 mM. Substitution of the hydrogen on N(3) with CH 3 , or exocyclic oxygens with OCH 3 groups results in the inhibition of the reaction; 1,3-dimethyluracil and 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidine (0.1 mM) are two systems that cause inhibition. Interaction between the surface Pt atoms and the N(3) and O sites on the organic molecule, especially in the presence of CH 3 or C 2 H 5 groups on the C(5) and/or C(6) centers, are essential for the enhancement. Results of rotating disk electrode experiments suggest that at low overpotentials, 5-ethyluracil and 5,6-dimethyluracil increase the exchange current to produce higher reaction rates.
Measuring comparative risk perceptions in an urban minority population: the risk perception survey for diabetes.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess comparative risk perceptions related to diabetes complications and their associations with patient characteristics in an urban minority sample. METHODS The authors developed the Risk Perception Survey-Diabetes Mellitus (RPS-DM) and administered the survey using a Solomon Four group design with a random half of a sample of 599 adults with diabetes. This was the baseline survey to measure comparative risk perceptions in a multiethnic sample prior to implementation of randomly assigned behavioral interventions to improve diabetic retinopathy screening rates. RESULTS The RPS-DM survey was completed by 250 participants (an 85% completion rate). Participants did not differ significantly by demographics from all other subjects. The sample included 62% women, mean age of 56.5 years, 42.4% Hispanic ethnicity, and 44% black race. The survey showed acceptable psychometric properties in English or Spanish and was feasible to complete by telephone in 12 to 15 minutes. Significant differences by subject characteristics were seen in several survey subscales, including Risk Knowledge by age (P < or = .01) and annual income (P < or = .05), Personal Control by educational level (P < or = .05), and Optimistic Bias by birthplace (P < or = .05) and educational level (P < or = .01). An analysis of variance produced demographic models statistically significant (P < .05) for Risk Knowledge, Personal Control, Environmental Risk, and Optimistic Bias. From 13% to 16% of the variance in the subscale scores was explained by these demographic models. CONCLUSIONS The RPS-DM is the first instrument to measure comparative risk perceptions, including knowledge related to diabetes complications. These data are important for educators and researchers who wish to assess risk perceptions and tailor health/risk communications for their diabetes populations.
Stock price reactions to GLBT nondiscrimination policies

This study examines workplace issues of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) employees. Specifically, we analyze the effect of firm GLBT nondiscrimination policies on that firm's stock market value. Corporate equality index (CEI) is used as a proxy for how firms manage GLBT issues. Results reveal that changes in firms' standardized CEI scores are positively associated with changes in firms' standardized stock price trend during the following year. Our findings suggest that the stock prices of firms with more progressive GLBT nondiscrimination policies relative to competing firms in the same industry outperform otherwise equivalent firms with lower CEI scores. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Incidental Pancreatic Cyst

The discovery of a pancreatic cyst in an asymptomatic patient presents an immediate challenge to the interpreting radiologist, the clinician who manages the patient, and patients themselves. When a cyst is discovered on imaging in a patient without symptoms directly referable to the pancreas, the following questions are immediately raised: can the lesion be accurately diagnosed or is the appropriate management clear from the examination, is the best management approach to suggest watchful waiting with follow-up imaging, what is the best method for imaging follow-up, and what is the optimal frequency of follow-up? This article recommends an approach to analyzing patients with incidental pancreatic cysts.