cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amide NH shift gradients: Quantitating peptide structure/disorder transitions

For peptides, temperature-induced changes in conformer populations completely dominate the dependence of upon temperature. As a result, partially structured peptides can display a wide range of shift gradients ( –35 to +15ppb/°). For peptides, and some regions in proteins, rather than being a guide to NH hydrogen-bonding status or exposure, values are an exquisitely sensitive probe of both the and degree of cooperativity of conformational transitions. For peptides, the occurrence of large shift deviations and abnormal gradients are diagnostic for partial structuring at lower temperatures which becomes increasingly randomized upon warming. Peptides that favor a single conformer at low temperatures can be recognized using a plot of the NH shift deviation versus A good correlation coefficient for NHCSD and values indicates that essentially all of the NH shift deviation from reference values is due to the concerted formation of a single structured Fig. 1. The NH and CSD correlation plot for Protein G, B1 domain fragment (41-56).
Research Strategy of Prevention and Cure AIDS of Floating Population

OBJECTIVE To analyze different floating population's recognize to prevent and cure aids and to make prevention and cure aids strategy.METHODS The floating population were divided into three groups according to their working characteristics: construction workers,service industry employee and individual managers.Three groups received different health education.Data were collected with questionaire.The genaral situation and the AIDS knowledge was compared between different group.RESULTS The score after intervention of different group was higher than that of before intervention(P0.05).The sensitivity to health education method between each group was different.CONCLUSION The conciousness of prevention and cure aids of floating population is weaker.Strenthen health education is important part of aids prevent and cure strategy.
Review of the PSO research in dynamic environments

Particle swarm optimization(PSO),a parallel random optimization method based on swarm intelligence,exhibits good performance for optimization problems.Since 2000,PSO has been applied to optimization problems in dynamic environments.The challenge with PSO is that the objective is not only to locate an optimum,but also to track that moving optimum as closely as possible.This paper presented the latest developments of PSO in dynamic environments.Various research approaches were reviewed,including improvements in PSO,dynamic change detection,response strategies,performance evaluation and experiments used in researching dynamic problems.
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Enriched Nuclear Fractions from BK Polyomavirus-Infected Primary Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells.

Polyomaviruses are a family of small DNA viruses that are associated with a number of severe human diseases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The detailed virus–host interactions during lytic polyomavirus infection are not fully understood. Here, we report the first nuclear proteomic study with BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) in a primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cell culture system using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) proteomic profiling coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. We demonstrated the feasibility of SILAC labeling in these primary cells and subsequently performed reciprocal labeling-infection experiments to identify proteins that are altered by BKPyV infection. Our analyses revealed specific proteins that are significantly up- or down-regulated in the infected nuclear proteome. The genes encoding many of these proteins were not identified in a previous microarray study, suggesting that differential regulation of these proteins...
Accurately Measuring Hospital Venous Thromboembolism Prevention Efforts

This commentary discusses a cohort study published in JAMA Surgery that investigated the association between inpatient surveillance for venous thromboembolism and risk of postdischarge venous thromboembolism.
Observational analysis of near-peer and faculty tutoring in problem-based learning groups.

Context Near-peer and faculty staff tutors may facilitate problem-based learning (PBL) through different means. Near-peer tutors are thought to compensate for their lack of subject matter expertise with greater adeptness at group facilitation and a better understanding of their learners. However, theoretical explanations of tutor effectiveness have been developed largely from recollections of tutor practices gathered through student evaluation surveys, focus groups and interviews. A closer look at what happens during PBL sessions tutored by near-peers and faculty members seems warranted to augment theory from a grounded perspective. Methods We conducted an observational study to explore interactional practices during PBL tutorials at our medical school, at which near-peer tutoring of Year 2 students is an established practice. Between October 2014 and May 2015, video-recordings were made of nine purposively sampled tutor groups using three tutor types (near-peer, clinical faculty and basic science faculty staff) across three systems-based units. An investigator team comprising a Year 2 student, a Year 4 student and a behavioural scientist independently analysed the videos until their observations reached saturation and then met face to face to discuss their detailed field notes. Results Through constant comparison, narratives of tutor practices and group dynamics were generated for each of the nine tutor groups, representing the collective impressions of the members of the investigator team. Conclusions Variation was greater within than across tutor types. Tutors’ practices idiosyncratically and sometimes substantially diverged from PBL principles, yet all tutors attempted to convey authority or ‘insider’ status with respect to the short- and long-term goals of medical education. Students prompted these status demonstrations by expressing gratitude, asking questions and exhibiting analogous status demonstrations themselves. Understanding the socio-cognitive nature of tutoring from a grounded perspective may provide a means to develop faculty staff of all types to better meet learner needs in a principled fashion.
Pre-hepatectomy carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels among patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases: do CEA levels still have prognostic implications?

Background The impact of prehepatectomy carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in the era of modern chemotherapy and expanded surgical indications for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) remains not well defined.
Condition assessment of concrete pavements using both ground penetrating radar and stress-wave based techniques

Abstract Two stress-wave based techniques, ultrasonic surface wave (USW) and impact echo (IE), as well as ground penetrating radar (GPR) were used to assess the condition of a segment of concrete pavement that includes a layer of concrete, a granular base and their interface. Core specimens retrieved at multiple locations were used to confirm the accuracy and reliability of each non-destructive testing (NDT) result. Results from this study demonstrate that the GPR method is accurate for estimating the pavement thickness and locating separations (air voids) between the concrete and granular base layers. The USW method is a rapid way to estimate the in-situ elastic modulus (dynamic elastic modulus) of the concrete, however, the existence of air voids at the interface could potentially affect the accuracy and reliability of the USW test results. The estimation of the dynamic modulus and the P-wave velocity of concrete was improved when a shorter wavelength range (3 in. to 8.5 in.) corresponding to the concrete layer thickness was applied instead of the full wavelength rage (3 in. to 11 in.) based on the standard spacing of the receiver transducers. The IE method is proved to be fairly accurate in estimating the thickness of concrete pavements. However, the flexural mode vibration could affect the accuracy and reliability of the test results. Furthermore, the existence of air voids between the concrete and granular base layers could affect the estimation of the compression wave velocity of concrete when the full wavelength range was applied (3 in. to 11 in.). Future work is needed in order to improve the accuracy and reliability of both USW and IE test results.
Froglets or Fairy Tales

(1999). Froglets or Fairy Tales? Administrative Theory & Praxis: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 154-156.
Fuzzy Analysis of Breast Cancer Disease using Fuzzy c-means and Pattern Recognition

Breast cancer is the second largest cause of cancer deaths among women. At the same time, it is also among the most curable cancer types if it can be diagnosed early. The automatic diagnosis of breast cancer is an important, real-world medical problem. In this article is introduced a new approach for diagnosis of breast cancer. The proposed approach uses Fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm and pattern recognition method. Algorithm has been applied to breast cancer clinic instances obtained from the University of Wisconsin. Using FCM algorithm clinic instances are grouped into two clusters, one with benign instances and other with malign instances. Further, input data are divided in train data and test data and success of each is evaluated. In pattern recognition method each input test data is assigned to one of the clusters obtained from the process of FCM classification. The proposed system has showed that the recommended system has a high accuracy.
Electronic Health Records and Medical Big Data: Law and Policy (Introduction)

This book helps readers gain an in-depth understanding of electronic health record (EHR) systems, medical big data, and the regulations that govern them. It is useful both as a primer for students and as a resource for knowledgeable professionals.The book analyzes the shortcomings and benefits of EHR systems, explores the law's response to the technology’s adoption, highlights gaps in the current legal framework, and develops detailed recommendations for regulatory, policy, and technological improvements. Electronic Health Records and Medical Big Data addresses not only privacy and security concerns, but also other important challenges, such as those related to data quality and data analysis. The book’s many recommendations aim to improve the technology's safety, security, and efficacy for both clinical and secondary (such as research) uses of medical data.
Defective Production, Turnover, and Secretion of the Platelet α-Granule Protein P-Selectin In Mice with Disrupted FOG1-NuRD Interaction

Abstract 547 We reported recently that point mutations in the GATA-1 co-factor FOG-1 that disrupt binding to the NuRD chromatin remodeling complex display defects in the erythroid and megakaryocyte (MK) lineages. Homozygous FOG-1 mutant (ki/ki) mice display a Gray Platelet Syndrome (GPS)-like macrothrombocytopenia. Specifically, ki/ki platelets exhibit a paucity of α-granules and increased numbers of lysosomal-like vacuoles, reminiscent of the platelet morphology observed in human patients with GPS due to GATA-1 mutations. To understand the molecular basis for the phenotype in ki/ki platelets, we compared mRNA and protein expression of α-granule proteins in wildtype (wt) and ki/ki MK. P-selectin mRNA in ki/ki MKs was 3–5 fold reduced when compared to controls, while platelet factor 4 ( Pf4 ), platelet basic protein ( PBP ) and von Willebrand factor ( Vwf ), were only mildly reduced. Strikingly, P-selectin protein levels were more severely reduced in ki/ki MK and platelets being nearly undetectable by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. In contrast PF4, PBP, and vWF protein levels were normal. P-selectin loss was MK-specific as it was expressed at normal levels in endothelial cells. The dramatic decrease in P-selectin protein in ki/ki MK relative to the more moderate reduction in mRNA was due to a >5-fold decrease in protein half-life, as measured by metabolic pulse-chase and immunoprecipitation experiments. This suggests that P-selectin in ki/ki MKs is largely mistargeted to lysosomes. Nevertheless, immunofluorescence microscopy and volume de-convolution analyses of ki/ki platelets showed that the remaining P-selectin resided in vesicular compartments that were distinct from Lamp1 (a lysosomal marker)-containing granules, indicating that a fraction of P-selectin remains within α-like granules. Interestingly, the reduction in P-selectin levels in ki/ki platelets was accompanied by a defect in agonist-stimulated degranulation. While stimulation of wt platelets with AYP, thrombin or phrobol myristate acetate induced α-granule, dense granule and lysosome degranulation, ki/ki platelets failed to do so or undergo platelet aggregation. In summary, the GPS-like phenotype in FOG-1/NuRD interaction-defective MKs involves reduced P-selectin mRNA production, accelerated turnover of P-selectin, abnormal granule formation, and defective degranulation in response to diverse agonists. These findings may partially explain patients having platelet α-granule deficiency associated with decreased P-selectin and selective impairment of thrombin-induced activation with GPS. Future work will determine whether similar defects occur in human GPS. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Bone Marrow Cell Therapy for Genetic Disorders of Bone

Bone marrow cell therapy for nonhematopoietic disorders is extraordinary promising, but such therapy is still in early development. We believe that our work, begun in 1996, has established the proof of principle: bone marrow cell therapy can be applied to nonhematopoietic disorders and especially to disorders of bone. In fact, a recent paper reported that another genetic disorder of bone, hypophosphatasia, had been successfully treated with BMT and a subsequent marrow stem cell infusion (Whyte et al. 2003). Still required, however, are methods that will promote long-term, tissue-specific proliferation and differentiation, thus ensuring maximum clinical benefits from this cell-based treatment strategy.
Ice Formation in (NH4)2SO4−H2O Particles

Ice nucleation in upper tropospheric aerosols is believed to be a key step in upper tropospheric cloud formation, and therefore knowledge of the conditions leading to ice formation in these aerosols is crucial. This paper addresses homogeneous nucleation of ice in (NH4)2SO4−H2O aerosols, a possible upper tropospheric aerosol. Two complementary techniques were employed in this study. First, differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the temperature at which ice nucleates in emulsified solutions of ammonium sulfate and water. Second, optical microscopy was used to determine the temperature at which ice nucleates in individual ammonium sulfate−water particles. The results from these two techniques, which are in very good agreement, indicate that the freezing temperature of ammonium sulfate−water particles (approximately 10 μm in size) ranges from 235 K for 0 wt % to 195 K for 40 wt %. These freezing temperatures correspond to saturation ratios with respect to ice ranging from 1.45 at 235 K to 1....
Simulation of greenhouse energy use: an application of energy informatics

Greenhouse agriculture is a highly efficient method of food production that can greatly benefit from supplemental electric lighting. The needed electricity associated with greenhouse lighting amounts to about 30% of its operating costs. As the light level of LED lighting can be easily controlled, it offers the potential to reduce energy costs by precisely matching the amount of supplemental light provided to current weather conditions and a crop’s light needs. Three simulations of LED lighting for growing lettuce in the south-east of the US using historical solar radiation data for the area were conducted. Lighting costs can be potentially reduced by approximately 60%.
Hereditary Renal Cell Carcinomas

Cancer initiation and progression is the result of an accumulation of mutations. Mutations occurring in cancer tissue are termed somatic, whereas mutations in germline DNA may be passed onto subsequent generations and are often termed hereditary. Deleterious germline mutations in key tumor suppressor genes can lead to hereditary cancer syndromes whereby family members carrying the mutation have an increased susceptibility to developing certain tumor phenotypes. Common features of hereditary cancer syndromes include early age of onset, multiple affected generations, rare tumor types, and/or multiple primary malignancies.
Deep teaching in a college STEM classroom

The retention of underrepresented students remains a significant challenge in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) disciplines. A broad range of studies across several disciplines have shown that conventional approaches to STEM instruction may have been unintentionally exclusive to students whose ethnicities are not traditionally represented in the STEM fields. This ‘exclusive’ classroom atmosphere has emerged as a major reason for the attrition of underrepresented minority students from STEM majors. In this manuscript, I describe a conceptual model called Deep Teaching, describing how pedagogical transformation incorporating practices that are more inclusive can occur. The model marks an evolution from other frameworks advancing inclusive instruction in higher education by advocating for the primacy of Freirean philosophy when thinking about self and student. Using specific examples, I discuss how a sequential approach to understanding ourselves and empathizing with students puts the instructor in a better position to create enduring, positive classroom climates. I also describe considerations necessary for various contexts, and suggestions for continued commitment to inclusive pedagogy in the long-term.
Assessing and Addressing the Psychosocial Needs of the Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh

Interpersonal violence is a very serious public health hazard that is often overlooked. Ignored, trauma is known to cause family and community dysfunctions than can span generations. Unfortunately, the trauma stories of many survivors are untold because they are either too painful for the people to share or too scary for loved ones and professionals to handle. I had the great privilege of working in multiple disaster-stricken and war-torn contexts. My focus through Project Untangled is on family bonding and youth empowerment with the goal of ultimately untangling the web of dysfunction and breaking the cycle. In this first-person account, I share my recent experience working with the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh: what I felt, what I did (or tried to do), what I learnt, how it changed me, and the implications of these experiences for social psychiatry.
Central Aortic Pressure, Arterial Compliance: Emerging Tools to Identify and Guide Therapy for High-Risk African American Patients

African Americans have significantly higher burden of hypertension and related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the greater cardiovascular risk in African Americans cannot entirely be accounted for by the difference in the traditional peripheral brachial blood pressure (BP). Central aortic pressure and arterial compliance can be fairly easily and accurately measured clinically using applanation tonometry and are emerging as better predictors of blood pressure-related cardiovascular risk. Measuring central aortic pressure and arterial compliance is poised to become an increasingly important part of the routine assessment of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risks and will aide in assessing the effects of related therapy.
Demystifying Americanness: The Model Minority Myth and The Black-Korean Relationship

The recent incidents involving both Black American and Korean American communities across the United States have reopened the old wounds between the two minority communities, recalling the two tragic incidents in the 1990s: the death of Latasha Harlins (1991) and the Los Angeles Uprising/Sa-I-Gu (1992). Revisiting and reevaluating these two cases, this article argues that the myth of true Americanness, channeled and reinforced through the concept of model minority, has not only shaped and sustained a contentious relationship between Korean immigrants and Black Americans but also intensified the racial tension among all racial and ethnic groups in the United States. We conclude that American people of all demographics must debunk the myth of model minority and challenge the false Americanism by embracing “deep diversity,” not merely distinctive group identities and outlooks, which offers a more diverse and rich interpretation of America as a whole.
Intraspecific interactions affect outcomes of pulse toxicity at different Daphnia magna population phases.

Abstract Traditional toxicity tests assess stressor effects on individuals, while protection goals are focused on the population-level and above. Additionally, these tests ignore common ecological factors such as resource levels and population growth phase. The objective of this research was to explore effects of – and interactions between – resource availability and stress response at the individual and population levels using Daphnia magna as a model. We hypothesized that density-dependent changes in resources at various phases of population growth would cause different population responses to the same toxicant stress. Laboratory populations of Daphnia magna were exposed to a 48-h pulse of 20 or 30 μg/l pyraclostrobin in one of four distinct phases of laboratory population cycles: growth, peak, decline, and stable. Population size and recovery were observed throughout the 51-day study. Populations exposed to pyraclostrobin during the growth phase had the least mortality and fastest recovery, while populations in the peak phase had the greatest mortality and slowest recovery. These data suggested that high density and low food at the peak phase resulted in more sensitive daphnids. To further test this hypothesis, a resource-amended acute toxicity study was conducted to quantify the effects of food resource on pyraclostrobin toxicity to Daphnia magna. Three age classes of Daphnia magna (neonate, subadult, adult) were fed low or high food levels and exposed to pyraclostrobin for 48 h. Toxicity was greater, as shown by lower 48 h LC50s, for smaller Daphnia magna age classes and lower food levels comporting results in the population study. Importantly, the acute toxicity studies generally yielded lower effect levels than the population studies suggesting that while the standard acute studies are ecologically unrealistic, they may be protective of toxicity under some circumstances. Collectively, these data point to the importance of population phase and the resource environment in modulating toxicity.
Lebanon-Turkey Relations: Reclaiming the “Sword” and “Crescent” of Islam

This monograph examines the backgrounds against which the shifts in Lebanon-Turkey relationship have taken place and the methodology with which Turkey has pursued its foreign policy towards Lebanon...
Economic Segregation in US Metropolitan Areas, 1970-2010

Household income inequality is increasing in the US, both nationally and within metropolitan areas. Depending on how the housing stock is distributed and how households sort into neighborhoods, metropolitan income inequality translates into unequal neighborhoods. Inequality between neighborhoods causes concentration of poverty and leads to vastly different developmental contexts for children growing up in poor, middle-class, and affluent neighborhoods. This paper examines neighborhood inequality using new measures that highlight the separate contributions of income inequality, on the one hand, and economic segregation on the other. While both matter, we find that economic segregation is the driving force behind the variation between metropolitan areas in the degree of neighborhood inequality and that changes in economic segregation are more important in driving the changes in inequality from one decade to the next. We also examine case studies of metropolitan areas with large and small changes in economic segregation between 1970 and 2010, and examine the role of demographic and housing market changes that underlie these changes.
The Unity of Cognition in the Synthetic Unity of Apperception

This chapter focuses on the unity of the subject and what that entails. The Kantian unity of apperception will be discussed in terms of the two main syntheses Kant discusses: synthesis speciosa and synthesis intellectualis. I want to maintain that the logical forms of judgment are intimately related to the forms of sensibility, the latter done without the full self-consciousness of the “I think,” hence, without the categories, but with their nonconceptual counterpart, the intuitions. So, the attempt to delineate the two syntheses as essentially and completely different functions, resulting as it does in a cognitive dualism, is in my view a false dichotomy.
Pathway to Expectations of Child Functioning Following Sexual Abuse: Caregiver Maltreatment History and Depressive Symptoms.

Caregiver responses and behaviors often play a significant role in a child’s recovery following child sexual abuse (CSA). Caregiver expectations of their child’s postabuse functioning has been asso...
How Feeling Supports Students’ Interpretive Discussions About Literature:

Research indicates that feeling is fundamental to the multilayered experience of literary interpretation. However, despite great strides in U.S. high school classrooms, discussions about literature...
Focus on Batson: Let the Cameras Roll

While the Supreme Court outlawed discrimination in jury selection over 40 years ago, both empirical studies and candid interviews show that lawyers routinely rely on characteristics such as race, gender, and religion in striking prospective jurors. In large part, this practice continues because, when challenged, attorneys proffer non-verbal factors such as facial expressions, inattentiveness, eye contact (or lack thereof), or even laughing or coughing to justify their peremptory strikes. Without a way to assess the validity of these reasons, the trial judge and then the appellate court on review, have little ability to enforce the anti-discrimination prohibition set forth in Batson v. Kentucky. To give teeth to Batson's protection against discrimination in jury selection, both trial judges and appellate courts should use videotapes of voir dire proceedings to assess the credibility of attorneys proffering neutral reasons for striking jurors, particularly when those neutral reasons are based on non-verbal factors that cannot be assessed from a written transcript. Although many appellate courts have been reluctant to rely on "videorecords" for fear of intruding on the province of the fact finder, the Batson inquiry is unique enough and important enough to warrant a departure from reliance solely on a cold, written record.
Osteoporosis and Osteopetrosis

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent among bone diseases. It is manifested by low bone mass and architectural abnormalities that lead to bone fragility and elevated fracture risk. Mechanistically, osteoporosis occurs as a result of decreased bone formation (by osteoblasts) and increased bone resorption (by osteoclasts). Thus, a tip in the balance favouring bone resorption results in osteoporosis e.g. porous bone. A wide range of factors contribute to the development of osteoporosis including genetic predisposition, ageing, reduced physical activity, diet, hormonal changes and more. Osteopetrosis, however, reflects the state of dense yet fragile bones due to dysfunctional or lack of osteoclasts. Keywords: osteoporosis; osteopetrosis; calcium; vitamin D; osteoclast; BMD
Adolescents, the MMPI, and the issue of K correction: A contemporary normative study

Current adolescent norms for the MMPI are based on data obtained 25 to 45 years ago, from samples established in 1947 to 1957 and 1964 to 1965 (Marks & Briggs, 1967). Recently, MMPIs from 1,315 normal adolescent females and males, aged 13 through 17 years, were gathered from a three-state midwest area. There were significant differences between contemporary adolescent MMPI response patterns and those obtained from the earlier adolescent samples. This article presents new K-corrected normalized T-score conversion tables to encourage research that compares the relative efficacy of profiles calculated with and without K correction.
Book versus Taxable Income

Income reported to shareholders (book income) and income reported to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (taxable income) are alternative measures of U.S. corporate economic performance discussed in recent research, academic texts, and by U.S. legislators. In measuring economic performance, taxable income contains more 'mandated rule' error than book income because legislators generally write tax rules to raise revenue and motivate behavior and not specifically to measure performance. However, recent research suggests taxable income likely contains less 'managerial bias' error (i.e. error due to managers' biased application of rules) than book income. We decompose book income and taxable income into operating cash flows, book accruals, and tax accruals. We find that tax accruals have explanatory power for contemporaneous annual stock returns incremental to book accruals and operating cash flows, but that book accruals have relatively more explanatory power. However, the dominance of book accruals over tax accruals declines significantly and from 1997-2001, tax accruals explain returns as well as book accruals. In contrast to the conventional notion that low book relative to taxable income indicates high quality book income and vice versa, we find the opposite: tax accruals explain returns better than book accruals when the ratio of book to taxable income is low. Book losses partially, but do not fully, explain our results. Our results are relevant to policy debates concerning book-tax differences and to explanations for changes in the value relevance of book income during the 1990's.
Net calcium efflux from live bone during chronic metabolic, but not respiratory, acidosis

In vivo chronic metabolic acidosis induces bone mineral dissolution. Whether the dissolution is due to alterations in physicochemical factors alone, as in acute metabolic acidosis, or requires part...
Challenges in Adapting an Interlingua for Bidirectional English-Italian Translation

We describe our experience in adapting an existing high-quality, interlingual, unidirectional machine translation system to a new domain and bidirectional translation for a new language pair (English and Italian). We focus on the interlingua design changes which were necessary to achieve high quality output in view of the language mismatches between English and Italian. The representation we propose contains features that are interpreted differently, depending on the translation direction. This decision simplified the process of creating the interlingua for individual sentences, and allows the system to defer mapping of language-specific features (such as tense and aspect), which are realized when the target syntactic feature structure is created. We also describe a set of problems we encountered in translating modal verbs, and discuss the representation of modality in our interlingua.
Spectroscopic characterization of surface species in deactivation of sol–gel Gd–Pd catalysts in NO reduction with CH4 in the presence of SO2

Abstract Titania-supported Pd catalysts prepared by the modified sol–gel method are effective NO reduction catalysts with CH 4 in the presence of oxygen and water. However, they were found to partially deactivate in the presence of SO 2 . The effect of SO 2 on NO adsorption sites was investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption. The reversible NO adsorption capacity of the catalyst was significantly reduced following SO 2 exposure. SO 2 was also seen to inhibit the formation of linear PdNO species on the surface. It is suggested that partial loss of NO reduction activity could be related to the inhibition of the PdNO formation. Addition of Gd is found to partially prevent or slow down the deactivation process.
S6.1 Evolution of the epidemiology among men who have sex with men (MSM) in low and moderate income countries

HIV epidemic encompasses diverse scenarios among MSM around the world. Even when, prevalence and incidence data are lacking in more than 90 countries, available information shows that unprotected anal intercourse is the prominent exposure mode for HIV infection among MSM in Latin America, whereas intravenous drug use drives the epidemic in Asia. In the recent years, a previously neglected HIV epidemic has been recognised in settings where was initially thought was mainly heterosexual like in many countries in Africa. Although individual level risk factors for HIV acquisition have been clearly identified, structural level risk depends on stigma and discrimination. Promising biomedical intervention for HIV prevention depends on link to care which at the time are related to fear, denial or blackmail.
Comparison of exact and mean beam length results for a radiating hydrogen plasma

Abstract The purpose of this work is to investigate the accuracy of the mean beam length technique in high-temperature radiative heat transfer, combined with other modes of heat transfer. In order to study the validity of the mean beam length method, Nusselt numbers are presented for fully developed channel flow of a radiating nonisothermal hydrogen plasma. Black isothermal boundaries are considered. Numerical results obtained from the exact integrodifferential equation have been obtained previously for this problem. Linearized radiation and local thermodynamic equilibrium are assumed. The results show that the Nusselt numbers obtained by using the geometric mean beam length are in close agreement with results obtained by using the mean beam length. Therefore the complicated calculations needed to obtain the mean beam length are unnecessary. A comparison of the results obtained in the present work with previously reported work shows that the mean beam length technique is a better approximation to the exact solution than the optically-thick, or nongray differential approximation solutions.
Influenza B virus BM2 protein is an oligomeric integral membrane protein expressed at the cell surface

Abstract The influenza B virus BM2 protein contains 109 amino acid residues and it is translated from a bicistronic mRNA in an open reading frame that is +2 nucleotides with respect to the matrix (M1) protein. The amino acid sequence of BM2 contains a hydrophobic region (residues 7–25) that could act as a transmembrane (TM) anchor. Analysis of properties of the BM2 protein, including detergent solubility, insolubility in alkali pH 11, flotation in membrane fractions, and epitope-tagging immunocytochemistry, indicates BM2 protein is the fourth integral membrane protein encoded by influenza B virus in addition to hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and the NB glycoprotein. Biochemical analysis indicates that the BM2 protein adopts an N out C in orientation in membranes and fluorescence microscopy indicates BM2 is expressed at the cell surface. As the BM2 protein possesses only a single hydrophobic domain and lacks a cleavable signal sequence, it is another example of a Type III integral membrane protein, in addition to M 2 , NB, and CM2 proteins of influenza A, B, and C viruses, respectively. Chemical cross-linking studies indicate that the BM2 protein is oligomeric, most likely a tetramer. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of the TM domain of the BM2 protein with the sequence of the TM domain of the proton-selective ion channel M 2 protein of influenza A virus is intriguing as M 2 protein residues critical for ion selectivity/activation and channel gating (H 37 and W 41 , respectively) are found at the same relative position and spacing in the BM2 protein (H 19 and W 23 ).
The medicolegal dangers of telephone triage in mental health care.

(2001). THE MEDICOLEGAL DANGERS OF TELEPHONE TRIAGE IN MENTAL HEALTH CARE. Journal of Legal Medicine: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 553-579.
Identification of Juvenile Hybrids of Morone Based on Meristics and Morphometrics

Abstract We made meristic and morphometric measurements on juveniles (25–100 mm total length) of hatchery-produced striped bass Morone saxatilis, white bass M. chrysops, original and reciprocal F1 hybrids, original F2 hybrids, and backcrosses with the original F1 female. We compared both sets of measurements with published data and among themselves to delineate progeny differences. Meristic and morphometric values for all hybrids were generally intermediate between those of their parents, but exhibited considerable variation. We examined 11 meristic characters for detection of statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between crosses that might be used for identification; of these, the numbers of lateral line scales, soft dorsal rays, and gill rakers differed among crosses. We examined 31 morphometric ratios with linear discriminant function tests for statistical differences between crosses. With the six best of these ratios, the overall discriminant analysis resulted in an 83% acceptable classific...
Estimates of variance and merit ratios from measured quantities of fluctuating origin and inherent correlation

Abstract The origin of variances estimated for quantities based on measured numbers arising from natural processes is examined. If the data are accumulated in joint time intervals, it is frequently necessary to take into account statistical correlation. In so doing the status of a number of formulae applied as guidelines for counting time ratios, figures of merit, and coincidence counting are reviewed with some extensions being developed. Also, a new application, that of calibration of the duration of a digital gate or delay, is introduced. The formula developed for universal evaluation of the merit ratio for two counting systems is independent of counting time allocations, as desired. The limiting conditions for relatively low and relatively high signal/background ratios are applied, obtaining established expressions. The optimum counting-time ratio for a decaying source is derived, a result which could be applied to explicit determination of a merit ratio for two systems measuring rapidly decaying sources. The expression developed for estimation of error in the gate duration measurement justifies the relatively small statistical spread observed in the actual delay calibration procedure.
Outcome of domiciliary care after inpatient alcoholism treatment in male veterans

Abstract Current literature is ambiguous as to the impact of extended treatment services following hospitalization on outcomes such as abstinence. This study compares the outcomes of care for 276 veterans who completed inpatient treatment for alcoholism, 77 of whom (28%) were transferred to a domiciliary and the remainder of whom were discharged directly into the community. The domiciliary group of alcoholics differed at baseline from alcoholics discharged to the community with significantly higher psychiatric comorbidity and lower social support, both negative predictors of treatment outcome. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the impact of domiciliary placement on: (a) 3-month abstinence comparing the time after discharge from either the domiciliary or the inpatient treatment unit and (b) 12-month abstinence after discharge from the inpatient treatment unit, including patients placed in the domiciliary. Controlling for baseline differences, domiciliary placement was found to be a significant predictor of abstinence (odds ratios of 2.3 for 3-month and 2.5 for 12-month abstinence, p 0.01). In a survival analysis, domiciliary placement was also a significant predictor of time to readmission after treatment discharge with a risk ratio of 0.2 ( p
Evidence for observed projectile-z dependence in values of target parameters extracted from stopping power measurements

Abstract One version of modified Bethe–Bloch stopping power theory features two parameters characteristic of the target material, the mean excitation energy and the Barkas-effect parameter, that can be evaluated through fits to accurate stopping power measurements. In several recent investigations, the values of these parameters thus determined have revealed a dependence on projectile atomic number. Most of those studies have featured target materials possessing aggregation effects, such as solid compounds and alloys. In the current investigation, the search for systematics in projectile- z dependence has been extended to encompass other target materials, including elemental targets. Most of the results are corroborative of the previously reported trends.
Kinetics of growth of spinel crystals in a borosilicate glass

Three aspects of the kinetics of spinel crystallization in a high-level waste (HLW) glass were studied: (1) the effect of nucleation agents on the number density (ns) of spinel crystals, (2) crystallization kinetics in a crushed glass, and (3) crystallization kinetics in a glass preheated at T > TL (liquidus temperature). In glass lacking in nucleation agents, ns was a strong function of temperature. In glasses with noble metals (Rh, Ru, Pd, and Pt), ns increased by up to four orders of magnitude and was nearly independent of temperature. The kinetics of spinel crystallization in crushed glass lacking nucleation agents was dominated by surface crystallization and was described by the Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (KJMA) equation with the Avrami exponent n {at} 0.5. For application to HLW glass melter processing, it was necessary to preheat glass at T > TL to eliminate the impact of temperature history and surface crystallization on crystal nucleation and growth. In the temperature range of glass processing, crystals descend under gravity when they reach a critical size. Below this critical size, crystallization kinetics is described by the KJMA equation and above the critical size by the Hixson-Crowell equation. At low temperatures, at which glass viscosity is high andmore » diffusion is slow, the KJMA equation represents crystal growth from nucleation to equilibrium. As ns increases, the temperature interval of the transition from the KJMA to Hixson-Crowell regime shifts to a higher temperature.« less
Information Retrieval in Domain-specific Databases: An Analysis to Improve the User Interface of the Alcohol Studies Database

Academic libraries are becoming more directly involved in the design and publishing of electronic information resources, including bibliographic databases, electronic journals, and digital archives. As a result, librarians are dealing with many user interface design issues that computer scientists and information specialists in other fields have encountered. Transaction log analysis can provide a rich source of information on user behavior and insights as to how user interfaces can be improved. This article describes the methodology and results of the log analysis for the Alcohol Studies Database (ASDB), a domain-specific database supported by the Center of Alcohol Studies and Rutgers University Libraries (RUL). The goals of this study were to better understand user search behavior, to analyze failure rates, and to develop approaches for improving the user interface.
Phospholipid synthesis in cleaving sea urchin eggs: Model for specific membrane assembly

Abstract Fertilization of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs stimulates uptake of choline 4-fold; phosphorylation of intracellular choline is increased >20-fold at the same time. Incorporation, predominantly into phosphatidylcholine, is stimulated >10-fold. The figures for Lytechinus pictus eggs are similar. The rate at which phosphatidylcholine becomes labeled in S. purpuratus and L. pictus embryos is relatively low and, in contrast to DNA synthesis, increases only 3- to 4-fold between first cleavage and the hatching blastula stage. There is no indication of phospholipid turnover during this time. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by hydroxyurea reduces the incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine without affecting the phosphorylation of free choline. It is concluded that the assembly of new membranes during cleavage is accompanied by physiologically significant de novo synthesis of phospholipid. This system therefore appears to lend itself well to further studies on the biogenesis of specific membranes.
Use of a tandem affinity purification assay to detect interactions between West Nile and dengue viral proteins and proteins of the mosquito vector

Abstract West Nile and dengue viruses are (re)emerging mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause significant morbidity and mortality in man. The identification of mosquito proteins that associate with flaviviruses may provide novel targets to inhibit infection of the vector or block transmission to humans. Here, a tandem affinity purification (TAP) assay was used to identify 18 mosquito proteins that interact with dengue and West Nile capsid, envelope, NS2A or NS2B proteins. We further analyzed the interaction of mosquito cadherin with dengue and West Nile virus envelope protein using co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Blocking the function of select mosquito factors, including actin, myosin, PI3-kinase and myosin light chain kinase, reduced both dengue and West Nile virus infection in mosquito cells. We show that the TAP method may be used in insect cells to accurately identify flaviviral–host protein interactions. Our data also provides several targets for interrupting flavivirus infection in mosquito vectors.
Adventitious shoot formation from mature leaf explants of Arachis species

Adventitious shoot formation has important applications in genetic transformation, vegetative propagation, and germplasm storage. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of light intensity, explant age, gelling agent, phytohormone, and genotype on adventitious shoot formation from mature leaf explants of Arachis species. Mature leaf explants of 13 Arachis species were cultured for 30 d on a medium with Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts, Gamborg B5 vitamins (B5), 30 g L -1 sucrose, 5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 5 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and solidified wiht 8 g L -1 agar (.)
On a question by Grunenfelder, Omladič and Radjavi

Abstract Let n ⩾ 3 be an odd number. If S is a Lie subalgebra of gl n ( C ) which acts transitively on C n , then either S = gl n ( C ) or S = sl n ( C ) . This answers a question by Grunenfelder, Omladic and Radjavi.
Wavelet incorporated spectral analysis for soil property determination

Quantitative analysis of soil spectroscopic reflectance has been used by many agricultural researchers for soil property determination and is considered a fundamental step towards the development of in-field optical sensors for soil properties. In this study, wavelet analysis was applied to soil spectroscopic reflectance data: (1) to examine its spectral smoothing capability, and (2) to incorporate wavelet analysis with the conventional regression methods for soil property determination. The results showed that, in terms of representing the original data curve, wavelet smoothing obtained an MSE (mean square error) of 2.83e-5, outperforming both Fourier filtering (MSE of 9.28e-5) and the Savitzky-Golay technique (MSE of 9.20e-5). The soil properties under investigation were Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn, clay, and sand. Compared to the regression models developed by the conventional method, those developed with wavelet analysis yielded almost the same or slightly higher R2 values yet contained fewer regressors for all soil properties. The multi-resolution capability of wavelet analysis was able to provide deeper insight into soil property models from the spectroscopic perspective. The regression models developed by wavelet analysis successfully predicted Ca, Mg, P, and Zn with reasonably high R2 values (greater than 0.5) and low RMSEs (smaller than 20%) when the validation soil sample dataset was used.