cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fellowship learning curve associated with completing a robotic assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy

Abstract Objective To describe the learning curve associated with training fellows in completing robotic assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomies. Methods All patients scheduled to undergo a robotic procedure at our institution from 5/15/07 to 5/22/12 were identified. Fellow participation per procedure was documented. The learning curve of fellows for the time to complete a hysterectomy (from initiation of developing the retroperitoneal space to the completion of the colpotomy) was analyzed. Results Of the 1754 planned robotic cases, 1626 were completed robotically and 128 were converted to laparotomy. Fifty-seven fellows participated in 99.7% of the cases. Eleven gynecologic oncology fellows completed at least 1 robotic assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy. From 7/7/08 to 5/21/12, 981 hysterectomies were completed robotically, 254 of these (25.9%) by the 11 fellows. Prior to completing a hysterectomy, the median number of hysterectomies in which a fellow participated was 16 (range, 11–40). Median amount of time for a fellow to complete a hysterectomy decreased from 60min in 2009 (N=27 cases) to 31min in 2011 (N=148 cases). Based on the recorded completion times in which the 11 fellows completed a hysterectomy, it required ~33 cases per fellow to be able to perform the hysterectomy and overcome the learning curve. Conclusions The learning curve associated with hysterectomy requires completion of ~33 cases by the fellow after an initial median experience of 16 cases. Our data suggest that a minimum of 50 total cases is required during fellowship to complete a robotic hysterectomy.
6.5.2 MBSE Supports Manufacturing System Design

To date, Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) has been deployed primarily in the product design domain. However, manufacturing system design problems are equally challenging, but there are many fewer design support tools in the hands of system designers. This paper describes how MBSE principles and methods can be used to make a powerful analysis tool readily accessible to manufacturing systems engineers. The MagicDraw™ SysML tool was used to create a domain specific language for electronics assembly, and the tool itself was customized to present an interface that was relatively easy for the manufacturing domain experts to use to create descriptions of products, resources, and processes. The domain specific language was mapped to a metamodel of the Arena™ discrete event simulation language, and the ATL© model transformation tool was used to automate the generation of the an instance of a simulation model from an instance of the electronics assembly system. The use of this kind of analysis automation can reduce by up to a factor of ten the time required to develop such simulation models.
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigation of the [2Fe-2S]1--Containing “Rieske-Type” Protein from Xanthobacter Strain Py2†

Proton NMR spectra of the Rieske-type ferredoxin from Xanthobacter strain Py2 were recorded in both H2O and D2O buffered solutions at pH 7.2. Several well-resolved hyperfine-shifted 1H NMR signals were observed in the 90 to −20 ppm chemical shift range. Comparison of spectra recorded in H2O and D2O buffered solutions indicated that the signals at −11.4 (L) and −15.5 (M) ppm were solvent-exchangeable and thus were assigned to the two histidine Ne2H protons. The remaining observed signals were assigned based upon chemical shift, T1 values, and one-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect (nOe) saturation transfer experiments to either CβH or CαH protons of cluster cysteinyl or histidine ligands. Upon oxidation of the [2Fe-2S] cluster, only two broad resonances were observed, indicating that the two Fe(III) ions are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled. In addition, the temperature dependence of each observed hyperfine-shifted signal in the reduced state was determined, providing information about the magneti...
Recognizing tough graphs is NP-hard

We show that recognizing 1-tough graphs is NP-hard, thereby settling a long-standing open problem. We also prove it is NP-hard to recognize t-tough graphs for any fixed positive rational number t.
Meeting Challenges and Expectations of Continuous Auditing in the Context of Independent Audits of Financial Statements

This paper proposes a continuous auditing model that provides external auditors the opportunity to audit clients continuously or on a more frequent basis while reducing the possibility of compromising auditor independence. The model requires the auditor's system to be separated from the auditee's system so that the two systems do not interfere with each other. The auditor's system must also communicate smoothly and effectively with the auditee's system to continuously process data captured from that system. We show how the new technology using XML (eXtensible Markup Language) and CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) can help effectively connect the auditor's system to the auditee's system, thereby supporting smooth communication between the two independent systems. We also introduce the concept of continuous auditing cycle, which helps define the engagement period between client and auditor and makes the audit within each cycle continuous.
A new family of lasing dyes from an old family of fluors

Abstract We report the development of a new series of laser dyes and describe the performance of these materials. This work was spurred by the realization that few laser dyes have an optimally shaped fluorescence emission for lasing action. Most of the dipole strength of the transition is concentrated in the 0.0 band, where lasing cannot occur, and very little is concentrated in the vibrational satellites 0–1 and 0–2 where lasing is possible. The new dyes are unsymmetrical materials which may be considered as a hybrid of a rhodamine molecule and a fluorescein molecule (fig. 1), and we consider them to be cyclized merocyanines. One dye in particular, 6-dimethylamino-9-o-carboxyphenylxanthen-3H-one (labelled SNH-8), has given power output and time stability better than the preferred lasing dye Rhodamine 6G. The effects of dye structure and of acid-base transitions on lasing activity will be discussed briefly. The theory of band-shaping and the detailed optical parameters of the new dyes will be presented separately.
A clinical trial to reduce restraints in nursing homes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relative effects of two experimental interventions on the use of physical restraints. DESIGN: Prospective 12-month clinical trial in which three nursing homes were randomly assigned to restraint education (RE), restraint education-with-consultation (REC), or control (C). SETTING: Three voluntary nursing homes in the Philadelphia area providing both skilled and intermediate care. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 643 nursing home residents over the age of 60 were enrolled at baseline, and 463 remained to completion (1 year). INTERVENTIONS: Both RE and REC homes received intensive education by a masters-prepared gerontologic nurse to increase staff awareness of restraint hazards and knowledge about assessing and managing resident behaviors likely to lead to use of restraints. In addition, the REC home received 12 hours per week of unit-based nursing consultation to facilitate restraint reduction in residents with more complex conditions. MEASUREMENTS: Restraint status was observed systematically at baseline, immediately after the 6-month intervention, and again at 9 and 12 months. Staff levels, psychoactive drug use, and injuries were also determined. RESULTS: Compared with baseline, the REC home had a statistically significant reduction in restraint prevalence, whereas RE and C homes did not. At 9 months (3 months post-intervention), absolute decline in the percents restrained were 7% RE, 7% C, and 20% REC; at 12 months (6 months post-intervention) declines were 4% RE, 6% C, and 18% REC. However, relative to baseline, these declines represent an average reduction in restraint use of 23% RE, 11% C, and 56% REC. The differences in changes over time were consistently significant (P = .01), whether considering survivors or those present at each time point, and also when controlling for differences between groups at baseline. Further, given any change in restraint use, REC residents were between 25% and 40% more likely than either RE or C residents to experience decreased restraint use. Results were achieved without increased staff, psychoactive drugs, or serious fall-related injuries. CONCLUSION: A 6-month-long educational program combined with unit-based, resident-centered consultation can reduce use of physical restraints in nursing homes effectively and safely. Whether extending the intervention will achieve greater reduction is not known from these results.
Phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2Bε in skeletal muscle during sepsis

We reported that the inhibition of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle during sepsis correlated with reduced eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2B activity. The present studies define changes in eIF2...
Molecular dynamics simulation of silicate glasses

Although the structure of glasses is not really accessible by experimental methods, molecular dynamics is a very useful alternative, as we have tried to demonstrate in this chapter. The simulations reproduce the broad macroscopic features found in these glasses, both structural and transportrelated, providing a basis for the more detailed atomic scale features found in the simulated structures. An understanding of important aspects of alkali ion transport, such as the mixed alkali effect and anomalous behaviour in some alumino-silicates, can thus be approached from the atomistic pictures of the glasses produced by the simulations. Although there is room for improvements to the potential models available, it should be clear that the further application of computer simulation methods, such as molecular dynamics, promises to provide much needed advances in glass science and engineering.
The Helminthosporium victoriae 190S mycovirus has two forms distinguishable by capsid protein composition and phosphorylation state.

Abstract Purified preparations of the Helminthosporium victoriae 190S (Hv190S) virus contain two sedimenting components that differ in capsid structure. The slower sedimenting component (190S-1) contained p88 and p83 as the major capsid proteins; the faster component (190S-2) contained p88 and p78. Previous peptide-mapping studies have shown the three capsid proteins to be closely related. Analysis by SDS-PAGE of in vivo-radiolabeled Hv190S virions indicated that 32P was predominantly incorporated in p88. Significantly less was detected in p83 and none in p78. Similar results were obtained in in vitro phosphorylation studies using [γ-32P]ATP and purified 190S-1 and 190S-2. The in vitro results suggest that the Hv190S virions copurify with a protein kinase activity that catalyzes the transfer of γ-phosphate from ATP to a target protein, presumably p78 in the 190S-2 virions and p83 in the 190S-1 component. Selective chemical cleavage at tryptophan residues of in vitro 32p-labeled capsid proteins revealed four labeled peptides among the cleavage products of both p83 and p88. Radioiodination studies with intact Hv190S virions indicated that p88 and p83, but not the nonphosphorylated p78, were accessible to iodination, suggesting that capsid protein phosphorylation entailed conformational changes.
Design-Integrated Process Planner for Rebar Placement

To remain competitive in the global market, the U.S. construction industry is looking at drastic productivity increases. In recent years, developments in reinforced-concrete construction have been rapid and sweeping. Therefore, reinforced-concrete construction is an area of construction in which improvements in work methods and labor efficiency could result in major cost savings. The placement of reinforcing bars (rebar) is an integral part of this type of construction. This is an assembly-type operation with fabricated rebar being placed and tied one by one. Process-oriented intelligent planning for the placement of rebar aims to automate development of detailed plans that depict the assembly sequences of individual bar or set(s) of bars. Traditionally, rebar is fabricated, bundled, and delivered without considering their sequential placement. As a result, a considerable amount of time is wasted for searching, identifying, rehandling, etc., of rebar. To eliminate this waste, the rebar has to be delivered according to the need of the assembly process. The two main objectives of this paper are to present: (1) A feature-based and process-oriented planning framework; and (2) an intelligent and computer-aided-design-integrated (CAD-integrated) process-planning system for the placement of rebar. This paper demonstrates that data generated within a computer-aided design (CAD) package can be extracted and utilized by other applications needed for automated process planning. A prototype that has been implemented on a 486 personal computer (PC-486) using LEVEL5 OBJECT, AutoCAD, and dBASE III PLUS will be used to discuss some specific elements of such a system. The paper will conclude with a short description of a successful field assessments of such a system.
Retention of phosphorus configuration on forming irontetracarbonyl complexes with phosphines in the 9-phosphabicyclo[4.2.1]nonatriene and 7-phosphanorbornene systems

Abstract Dimers of phospholes with syn or anti configuration at the bridging phosphorus react with Fe2(CO)9 to give complexes, R3PFe(CO)4, with complete retention of configuration. Contrary to a report in the literature, isomers of 9-phenylbicyclo[4.2.1]nonatriene also formed complexes with complete retention of configuration.
Socialist Goals and Capitalist Tendencies in Chinese Commerce, 1949-1952:

A recent article on socialism in China has claimed that, "there was little that was specifically socialist in the policies pursued by the Communists in the early years of the PRC" (Meisner, 1977: 1019). Along this same line, the conventional wisdom has dictated that the period 1949-1952 was a time when the goal of economic recovery dominated the policies and priorities of the political elite; and that accommodation with the private sector, tantamount even to a "honeymoon" (Liu and Yeh, 1965: 10-1 1) heavily colored economic work. This article will offer a more complicated analysis of this period, through a focus on the goals and organizational forms used in the commercial sector at that time. It will emphasize a central contradiction that existed in the policies and practice in that sector. The leadership was trying to pursue economic rehabilitation-to lay a material foundation for socialism-while simultaneously attempting to institute socialism in trade. Thus, commerce itself was both to help accumulate capital for the state and stimulate production and at the same time to serve itself as an
A Relational Cultural Approach to the Broadway Musical Wicked

Relational-Cultural Theory (Miller, 1976, 1986) is based on the tenet that people grow through and toward relationships with others, rather than through separation and individuation. In this article, the characters and song lyrics of the Broadway musical, Wicked (Schwartz, Holzman, Mantello, & Platt, 2003), are viewed through the lens of Relational-Cultural Theory. The characters and songs are used to illustrate growth-fostering relationships, mutuality, authenticity, and the therapeutic relationship within the context of a Relational-Cultural counseling approach.
In vivo assessment of blood-spinal cord barrier permeability: serial dynamic contrast enhanced MRI of spinal cord injury.

Serial in vivo dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI studies were performed on spinal cord injured rats on post-injury Days 0, 10, 20 and 30 to determine the distribution of gadopentetate-dimeglumine (Gd) concentration in injured cord tissue. A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was fitted to the time course of the concentration data at the epicenter of injury for each post-injury day. From these fits, the rates of the Gd transport between plasma and injured cord tissue were determined as a measure of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability. The results indicated that Gd transport rates decrease steadily with a concomitant improvement in motor functions of the rats with post-injury time. Specifically, the rates of Gd accumulation in injured SC tissue and its clearance correlated with the neurobehavioral scores with correlation coefficients of rho = -0.96 and -0.79, respectively, suggesting a significant link between the neurobehavioral function and the restoration of BSCB integrity as a result of the ongoing repair and recovery processes within the injured cords.
Senate voting patterns on the 1991 extension of the fast-track trade procedures: Prelude to NAFTA

In 1991 then-President George Bush requested an extension of fast-track procedures from Congress for the primary purpose of negotiating a North American Free Trade Agreement. This paper uses an econometric model to test the importance of three themes related to NAFTA that surfaced during Senate debates over whether to approve the request, that of employment effects, environmental effects and the impact on immigration from Mexico. The empirical results show that expected job gains and losses were significant in explaining Senate voting patterns on fast-track extension. Immigration was found to be somewhat important, but environmental issues were not found to statistically significant. In addition, the impact of organized labor and political ideology as proxied by political party were found to be important factors that shaped Senate voting patterns on fast-track.
Chemical trends for deep antisite defect levels in III V compounds

Abstract Chemical trends for all deep antisite defect levels which are expected to lie within or close to the main energy gap are presented for nine III-V compounds. We use a previously presented rescaled defect-molecule model to select the relevant levels and calculate their position by extrapolating from available experimental data in GaAs. Charge-state effects as well as symmetry-conserving lattice distortions are included qualitatively. Anion antisite defects are fourd to produce deep A1 levels within the main energy gap and T2 levels close to the conduction band edge. For most of the investigated compounds we find that cation antisite defects induce deep T2 levels which lie within the forbidden energy gap. No other deep sp3-type levels are expected to lie within or close to the main energy gap. Both the prediction and the calculated positions of these levels are in good agreement with previous calculations and the few experimental data available. The predicted chemical trends agree well with those obtained previously by tight-binding models, where available. This is quite remarkable because our model is mainly based on a simple rescaling assumption similar to that of tight-binding models, but does not require a detailed information on the band structure of the host.
Solar Diameter Monitor: an instrument to measure long-term changes

Analyses of historical data suggest that the solar diameter may vary with time with an amplitude of a few tenths of a second of arc. The High Altitude Observatory has constructed a special purpose telescope, the Solar Diameter Monitor, designed to detect any such changes. The telescope is an f/50 transit instrument with an aperture of 10 cm and is almost completely automated to avoid observer bias. Each day at solar noon, it measures the sun's horizontal diameter by timing the solar disk transit time and the vertical diameter by comparing the image size to that of a stable length standard. Preliminary estimates suggest that these observations will allow a test of the solar diameter's constancy at the 1-sec of arc/century level in an observing time of 3-5 years.
Two‐Year Clinical Evaluation of Repair versus Replacement of Composite Restorations

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of alternative treatments to the replacement of resin-based composite (RBC) restorations through a prospective longitudinal cohort clinical study. Materials and Methods: Forty patients aged 27 to 77 years (mean=55) with 88 RBC restorations, with one or more features that deviated from ideal, participated in the study. They were assigned to five treatment groups: repair (N=25), sealing of defective margins (N=13), resurfacing (N=18), replacement (N=16), and the no-treatment group (N=16). The replacement and no-treatment groups served as comparison groups and received random assignment. Two clinicians examined the quality of the restorations (N=88) prior to the assigned treatment, and at subsequent recalls (1 and 2 years) using a modified Ryge criteria (Alfa, Bravo, and Charlie, meaning clinically excellent, clinically acceptable with one or more features that deviated from ideal, and clinically unacceptable, respectively) that observed (1) color, (2) marginal adaptation, (3) anatomic form, (4) surface roughness, (5) marginal staining, (6) bulk discoloration, (7) contact, (8) secondary caries, (9) postoperative sensitivity, and (10) luster. Results: At 1- and 2-year recalls, 66 (75%) and 58 (66%) restorations were examined. Kruskal-Wallis Test showed significant differences for marginal adaptation and marginal staining for both 1- and 2-year recall exams (p < .05). The repair, sealant, and replacement groups presented significant improvement when compared with the no-treatment group for marginal adaptation. The repair and replacement groups showed superior results when compared with the no-treatment group for marginal staining. Conclusion: RBC restorations that present less-than-ideal marginal adaptation and stained margins are better off being repaired. clinical significance Repair of resin-based composite (RBC) restorations is a conservative option for treatment of RBC restorations with inadequate marginal adaptation and marginal staining.
Photocyclization of a conjugated triaryl ‘Y-enyne’ ☆

Upon irradiation at 350 nm, in the presence/absence of oxygen, ‘Y-enyne’ 1 undergoes electrocyclic ring closure to photoproduct 4. A mechanism involving an allene intermediate is proposed. In nonpolar solvents a [1,5] H shift affords the photoproduct, while in methanol protonation of the central allenic carbon occurs. Quantum yields of the photoreaction in the different solvents were measured.
Controlled radical polymerization and copolymerization of 5-methylene-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one by ATRP

The polymerization and copolymerization of a cyclic acrylate, 5-methylene-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one (MPDO), by conventional radical polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), were determined to occur by 1,2-vinyl addition according to 13C NMR spectroscopy. Copolymerization of MPDO with methyl methacrylate (MMA) or styrene (S) led to copolymers with a much higher MPDO content than originally in the feed, suggesting high reactivity due to its captodative structure. PMPDO−PS copolymers were stable to UV irradiation and basic environments, confirming that copolymerization of MPDO also proceeded by 1,2-vinyl addition rather than ring opening. DSC heating scans of PMPDO−PMMA copolymers show a single Tg that increases with increasing MPDO content.
A multi-component nonlinear prediction system for the S&P 500 index

Abstract The proposed stock market prediction system is comprised of two preprocessing components, two specialized neural networks, and a decision rule base. First, the preprocessing components determine the most relevant features for stock market prediction, remove the noise, and separate the remaining patterns into two disjoint sets. Next, the two neural networks predict the market's rate of return, with one network trained to recognize positive and the other negative returns. Finally, the decision rule base takes both return predictions and determines a buy/sell recommendation. Daily and monthly experiments are conducted and performance measured by computing the annual rate of return and the return per trade. Comparison of the results achieved by the dual neural network system to that of the single neural network shows that the dual neural network system gives much larger returns with fewer trades. In addition, dual neural network experiments with the appropriately selected filtering and decision thresholds managed to achieve an almost twice larger annual rate of return when compared to that of the buy and hold strategy over a seventy month period. However, no claims are made that the proposed system is better than the buy and hold strategy when considering transaction costs.
Modulation of striatal cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by calmodulin: Regulation by opiate and dopamine receptor activation

Abstract Incubation of striatal slices with morphine (10−6 M) increased the cytosolic content of calmodulin. The double reciprocal plot of cAMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, vs cAMP concentrations which appears to be biphasic with an apparent low and high Km-form in control slices was changed to a monophasic one with a low Km-form. The changes in the apparent Km for cAMP elicited by morphine (5 × 10−7 M) could be blocked by haloperidol (10−7 M) and naltrexone (10−7 M). In slices prepared from deafferented caudate nuclei, morphine (5 × 10−7 M) did not cause a change in the biphasic double reciprocal plot, but incubation of such slices with dopamine (2 × 10−7 M) still caused the appearance of a low Km-form of phosphodiesterase. Gel filtration (G-150) of soluble extracts indicated that a significantly greater proportion of the calmodulin was found in the fraction containing PDE activity in the morphine-treated slices than in control slices. Similar changes in PDE activity and calmodulin did not occur in cerebellar slices. These findings suggest that opiate receptors may be located on dopaminergic neurons, and that opiates may influence the regulation of PDE by calmodulin via post-synaptic dopamine receptors. Changes in PDE mediated by the increased availability of calmodulin can be used as an index of stimulation of dopamine receptors and may be related to the development of subsensitive receptor responses.
Prediction of Texture of Cooked White Rice by Near-Infrared Reflectance Analysis of Whole-Grain Milled Samples

ABSTRACT Although much work has been done using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with rice, little is currently known about the effectiveness of NIR to predict functional attributes of rice such as cooked rice texture, especially as they are influenced by postharvest parameters. In this study, NIR spectroscopy was used for predicting cooked rice texture as affected by postharvest history. Cooked rice texture attributes were evaluated by a nine-member trained descriptive panel, and milled white rice was scanned using a near-infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer. Sensory attribute models were developed using partial least squares regression in combination with jack-knife, a model optimization method, using NIR reflectance spectra (400–2,500 nm) and 1st and 2nd derivatives. Cooked rice adhesion to lips (R2 = 0.88), hardness (R2 = 0.79), cohesiveness of mass (three chews) (R2 = 0.79), and toothpack (R2 = 0.85) were satisfactorily fitted (n = 201–202) using the 2nd derivative spectra. Other attributes evaluated, su...
Skeletal signs of activity in the Italian metal ages: Methodological and interpretative notes

In recent years anthropologists have made much progress in understanding ancient activities from skeletal remains. In this paper, material from the Iron Age cemetery at Pontecagnano (VII-IV century BC) is used to illustrate activity-related traits of eight basic categories: (1) idiosyncratic patterns of dental wear (2) activity-related articular degeneration (3) non-pathological functional alterations (neoformations, contact facets) (4) mechanical remodelling of bone architecture (5) enthesopathies (muscular lesions) (6) traumatic lesions (7) activity-related pathologies (8) activity-related nutritional characteristics
Streamline Analysis Method to Determine Force Loading on Axial Compressor Blades

Within the field of rotor dynamics, the aerodynamic loading on turbomachinery blades is an important factor for calculating the overall stability of these machines. In order to determine the magnitude of this force, it is necessary to analyze the flow of the fluid through the turbomachinery. With respect to modern jet engines, an axial compressor is the component through which the incoming air passes first. As the performance of the compressor often determines the efficiency of the overall engine, it is crucial to analyze and understand the fluid effects in the compressor properly. Therefore, the goal of this study is to determine the aerodynamic forces on the blades of axial compressors in jet engines for further use in rotor dynamic calculations. To avoid a time consuming and computationally expensive procedure, a two-dimensional “streamline” or “through-flow” analysis is adopted, in which various assumptions are used to simplify the Navier-Stokes equations. For the streamline model, the flow between blades is divided into “annuli”, and fluid properties are calculated from hub to casing while marching axially downstream through the multiple stages making up the compressor. This study uses a coded version of the streamline analysis method written in Matlab. Computational results are then compared with experimental values provided by industry, which are evaluated with respect to the total pressure ratios and temperature ratios across the compressor stages. Validation cases were run using experimental data made available in the literature by NASA. Cases studied include a single-stage rotor case called Stage 37, and a multistage compressors case called NASA 74A.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Medication reconciliation by clinical pharmacists in an outpatient family medicine clinic

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the incidence of medication discrepancies in electronic health record (EHR) medication lists in an outpatient family medicine clinic where clinical pharmacists perform medication reconciliation, to classify and resolve the discrepancies, to identify the most common medication classes involved, and to assess the clinical importance of the discrepancies. METHODS This research was conducted at Bethesda Family Medicine Clinic in St. Paul, MN, with data collected from February 2009 to February 2010. To be included, patients had to be 18 years or older and have at least 10 medications listed in the EHR. The clinical pharmacist saw each patient before the physician, reviewed the medication list with the patient, and made corrections to the EHR medication list. When possible, comprehensive medication management (CMM) also was conducted. RESULTS During 1 year, 327 patients were seen for medication reconciliation. A total of 2,167 discrepancies were identified and resolved, with a mean (±SD) of 6.6 ± 4.5 total discrepancies and 3.4 ± 3.2 clinically important discrepancies per patient. The range of total discrepancies per patient was 0 to 26. The most common discrepancy category was "patient not taking medication on list" (54.1%). Overall, the source of the discrepancy usually was the patient, but it varied according to discrepancy category. The most common medication classes involved were pain medications, gastrointestinal medications, and topical medications. Of the 2,167 discrepancies, 51.1% were determined to be clinically important by the pharmacist. The pharmacist conducted CMM in 48% of patients. CONCLUSION Outpatient medication reconciliation by a pharmacist identified and resolved a large number of medication discrepancies and improved the accuracy of EHR medication lists. Because more than 50% of the discrepancies were thought to be clinically important, improving the accuracy of medication lists could affect patient care.
Effect of experimental bilateral cryptorchidism on in vitro metabolism of progesterone by rat testis.

Changes in the in vitro capacity to convert progesterone (4-pregnen-3,20-dione) to its metabolites were studied in testes of experimentally cryptorchid adult rats for varying lengths of time. Cryptorchidism resulted in a decrease in testicular, seminal vesicle, and prostatic weights, implying suppression of in vivo androgen production and this decrease was confirmed in vitro. Cryptorchidism decreased the conversion of androgen from progesterone and increased the formation of 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one). This indicated that enzyme activity for androgen synthesis from a progesterone substrate in the rat testis was heat-sensitive and suggested 20α-dihydroprogesterone may have an important role as the primary steroid produced in experimental cryptorchidism.
Effect of Environmental Temperature Upon Clotting Time of Whole Blood

SummaryThe effect of room temperature on the clotting time of whole blood determined by the rotating tube method is described. The clotting time may be significantly prolonged in cool environments, and shortened in warm weather. A curve is described to correct for this factor.
Matrix and Stimulus Sample Sizes in the Weighted MDS Model: Empirical Metric Recovery Functions:

The only guidelines for sample size that exist in the multidimensional scaling (MDS) literature are a set of heuristic "rules-of-thumb" that have failed to live up to Young's (1970) goal of finding func tional relationships between sample size and metric recovery. This paper develops answers to two im portant sample-size questions in nonmetric weight ed MDS settings, both of which are extensions of work reported in MacCallum and Cornelius (1977): (1) are the sample size requirements for number of stimuli and number of matrices compensatory? and (2) what type of functional relationships exist between the number of matrices and metric recov ery ? The graphs developed to answer the second question illustrate how such functional relation ships can be defined empirically in a wide range of MDS and other complicated nonlinear models.
Distribution and morphology of myelinated perikarya and dendrites in the olfactory bulb of primates.

Numerous myelinated perikarya occur in different layers of the olfactory bulbs of a chimpanzee and two species of New World primates, that is, the squirrel and the Cebus monkey. It appears that somata of all established neuron categories, except for the mitral cells, can become ensheathed in myelin. Myelinated dendritic segments are found in the periglomerular region and in the external plexiform layer; tufted and periglomerular cells most likely to give rise to these myelinated dendrites. The myelin sheath is predominantly of the compact C.N.S. type. Perikaryal and dendritic myelin often ends in typical feet of glial cytoplasm. The termination site of dendritic myelin is a preferred site of synaptic contacts. Myelinated profiles are more numerous in the two monkey species than in the chimpanzee.
The use of historical data and artifacts in geomorphology

Historical data and artifacts, as commonly used in historical geography, can provide powerful tools for dating geomorphological processes over the past century or more and applications can range from months to millennia. Investigations in geomorphology and environmental management can be greatly enhanced by the use of historical techniques. The approach is useful for tracing human-induced changes as well as for those occurring naturally. Several primary techniques are introduced in this essay.
Filling thin cavities of variable gap thickness: A numerical and experimental investigation

A theoretical and experimental investigation is presented for filling thin cavities of variable gap thickness. The modeling is based upon a finite-element/finite-difference formulation for an inelastic power-law fluid and includes the effects of viscous heating and conduction upon the flow dynamics. Extensive results are presented for polypropylene and polystyrene melts injected into two variable-gap-thickness cavities, of which one has an insert. Good agreement is found between the predictions and measurements concerning the shape of the advancing melt front, the location of weld lines, and the temporal pressure trace at various positions in the cavity.
Cross-Channel Connections: Early Modern English Noblewomen's Familiarity with Continental Women's Literary and Performance Practices

In this article, I consider studies that allude to or explore connections between learned, English noblewomen and Continental women during the mid-sixteenth to mid-seventeenth centuries. With the recovery of many women's works from this period, scholars have long recognized that fascinating parallels existed between the cultural milieux of learned English and Continental women. Beyond simply recognizing parallels, scholars are now interested in exploring the points of contact and sources of influence between these milieux. They find that English noblewomen's familiarity with Continental women, both of noble and lower classes, was facilitated in large part by the journeys of learned travelers, Continental players, dance masters, and musicians. In particular, I focus on works that illustrate ways in which tutors, ambassadors, scholars, and courtiers assisted in the spread of knowledge about learned English and Continental women, as well as how elements of dramatic entertainments featuring women, both for the court and the public stage, crossed national borders. Key questions in the study of early modern English women that interest scholars are, how much did English women know about their Continental counterparts, and what were their frames of reference? This article surveys scholarship that addresses these questions.
Enhanced Coagulation Due to Evaporation and Its Effect on Nanoparticle Evolution

A new explanation for the evolution of particles near a roadway is proposed. The explanation starts with data that suggest that small (<15 nm) liquid nanoparticles shed semivolatile organics (<C24) almost immediately upon emission. It is shown here that the shrinking of these particles enhances their rates of coagulation by over an order of magnitude, and this appears important in helping to explain particle evolution further downwind, as measured by two datasets, including one reported here, and as found with a three-dimensional numerical model used to simulate the data. Enhanced coagulation in isolated emission puffs may also affect evolution. Neither condensation, complete evaporation, coagulation alone, nor preferential small-particle dilution appears to explain the evolution.
Heavy-ion scattering at intermediate and high energies

Abstract We investigate the elastic scattering of two heavy ions. Elastic scattering gives us information on the heavy-ion optical potential and forms a basis for a further description of heavy-ion reactions using either the DWBA or the semi-classical approach to these processes. To extract the nuclear parameters from elastic scattering, one can use an exact phase-shift analysis, which at high energies is tedious and difficult (the Coulomb barrier sets the energy scale), or one can use various approximation schemes to compute the phase shifts. Here we investigate the validity of the WKB approximation and its high-energy eikonal limit (the “Glauber approximation”). The high-energy limit has the advantage that it is very simple and gives a useful picture of the scattering process in terms of straight-line eikonal trajectories. We also look at the systematic V / E corrections to the high-energy phase shift. The exact scattering amplitude is compared with the various approximations to it for an optical potential which fits 60 Ni( 16 O, 16 O) 60 Ni at low energies. The simple high-energy approximation is shown to provide an accurate description of the scattering process at energies and scattering angles of practical interest. We give some analytical expressions for the heavy-ion scattering amplitude in the high-energy approximation and also look at the model problem of heavy-ion scattering by a totally absorbing black sphere.
Virgil and Wolfcamp Fluvial, Deltaic, and Inter-Deltaic Embayment Depositional Systems in North and West-Central Texas: ABSTRACT

Virgil and lower Wolfcamp sediments on the Eastern shelf were deposited within 3 depositional systems--Bowie fluvial system, Cisco delta system, and Lake Hubbard interdeltaic embayment system--which are the subjects of this report. Complementary shelf-edge bank, slope, and basin systems, to be discussed by William E. Galloway, complete the facies tract. Bowie fluvial facies compose tabular and belted sandstone bodies characterized by braided and coarse-grained meander-belt sequences and sedimentary structures. Fine-grained meander-belt facies generally becoming finer upward, lateral accretionary point bar deposits, and characteristic sedimentary structures commonly occur high in the Bowie fluvial system, indicating decreasing tectonic activity in source areas. Basal fluvial channel facies normally cut subjacent deltaic facies and may overlie rocks of previous depositional episodes. Cisco deltaic facies are composed of prograding, prodelta mudstones that become coarser upward, delta front, channel-mouth bar and distributary channel sandstones, and aggradational crevasse splay facies, delta-plain mudstones, and coal or organic-rich clays. Local sandstone bars of destructional origin may fringe the delta facies. Lake Hubbard interdeltaic embayment facies flank deltaic lobes and are composed of mudstone, thin extensive sheet sandstone, and thin impure detrital coal. Some sheet sandstones reflect strandplain accretion, but more commonly they are reworked delta-front sands. Deltas prograded rapidly westward across the slowly subsiding Eastern shelf. Sediments from the east supplied crevassing delta lobes until avulsion of over-extended systems occurred. Delta construction, accompanied by deposition of complementary facies within nearby interdelta embayments, restricted open-shelf limestone facies to areas downslope or in areas of abandoned deltas. Channels were cut deeply into subjacent facies as prograding deltas extended fluvial erosion and deposition far across older deltaic facies. Marine processes slowly modified abandoned, compacting, and subsiding deltas. Winnowed sediment was swept into interdeltaic embayment mudflats and strandplains. In the absence of local terrigenous sediment, shelf limestones transgressed upslope and along the coast to coale ce over marsh-stabilized deltaic and interdeltaic areas. All environments could occur simultaneously, shifting with distribution of delta sites to produce repetitive End_Page 151------------------------------ sequences of thin superposed depositional systems. Deposition of fluvial and deltaic facies was rapid; deposition of destructional and transgressive facies represents most of the time consumed by deposition. Depositional systems shifted westward through time as the eastern flank of the basin was filled. End_of_Article - Last_Page 152------------
Cooperative chiral order in copolymers of chiral and achiral units

Polyisocyanates can be synthesized with chiral and achiral pendant groups distributed randomly along the chains. The overall chiral order, measured by optical activity, is strongly cooperative and depends sensitively on the concentration of chiral pendant groups. To explain this cooperative chiral order theoretically, we map the random copolymer onto the one-dimensional random-field Ising model. We show that the optical activity as a function of composition is well described by the predictions of this theory.
Optimal inertia lumping from modal mass matrices for structural dynamics

An optimal inertia lumping formulation using modal mass matrices obtained from structural analysis is presented, enabling recovery of lumped inertia information even when substructuring has been employed. The method is implemented with a commercial optimization program and uses reduced mass and stiffness formulations employed in commercial finite element analysis programs. The result is lumped inertia models of complex flexible bodies for use in structural dynamics, including flexible multibody dynamic simulation. A method for dealing with nondifferentiability of repeated eigenvalues that arise in the optimization process is derived and implemented in the proposed formulation. Numerical examples are presented to validate the method, relative to conventional mass lumping approaches.
An Advanced-Architectur CMOS/SOS Microprocessor

A language-directed stack architecture, implemented in two-micrometer CMOS/SOS, yields a 16-bit microprocessor having high throughput and high compiled code density.
Drosophila at the intersection of infection, inflammation, and cancer

Recent studies show that both cellular and humoral aspects of innate immunity play important roles during tumor progression. These interactions have traditionally been explored in vertebrate model systems. In recent years, Drosophila has emerged as a genetically tractable model system for studying key aspects of tumorigenesis including proliferation, invasion and metastasis. The absence of adaptive immunity in Drosophila provides a unique opportunity to study the interactions between innate immune system and cancer in different genetic contexts. In this review, I discuss recent advances made by using Drosophila models of cancer to study the role of innate immune pathways Toll/Imd, JNK and JAK-STAT, microbial infection and inflammation during tumor progression.
Thin-Film Temperature Sensors for Biological Measurements

Dynamic as well as static temperature measurements are now possible in biological tissue using thin-film Cu-Ni microthermocouples. These probes which use a quartz substrate exhibit response times of less than a millisecond with thermal properties similar to tissue. Their thermoelectric EMF of 21 , ?m V/°C is linearly dependent on temperature over the range normally encountered in biological measurements. Probe-tip diameters as small as 10 ?m are being fabricated.
A comparison of the lead particle content of indoor dust before and after a lead paint abatement: A new source of lead recontamination

The lead particle content of floor dust in a housing unit scheduled for interior lead paint hazard removal was characterised microscopically to identify the contributing source(s) of the lead. It was
Bypass Versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL) and the (Hoped For) Dawn of Evidence-Based Treatment for Advanced Limb Ischemia

The Bypass versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischemia of the Leg (BASIL) trial is the only randomized controlled trial (RCT) to date comparing open surgical bypass with endovascular therapy for severe limb ischemia (SLI). In their initial 2005 publication, the BASIL investigators reported that the main clinical outcomes (overall survival and amputation-free survival) were no different at 2 years after randomization to angioplasty-first or bypass-first revascularization strategies. However, beyond 2 years there appeared to be a benefit for open bypass surgery, providing impetus for an extension study. The final analysis of the long-term outcomes from BASIL is now presented in a set of articles that are reviewed in this commentary. The benefit of initial randomization to open surgery for patients surviving ≥2 years (70% of the BASIL cohort) was confirmed. When outcomes were analyzed by treatment received, patients who had received prosthetic bypass grafts (25% of the surgical arm) fared much more poorly than those treated with a vein bypass. Patients who underwent surgical bypass after an initial failed angioplasty also fared significantly worse than those who were treated initially with bypass surgery. Health-related quality of life measures and costs were not significantly different overall. There are many controversies surrounding the BASIL trial and its interpretation, which are reviewed herein. These include the choice of study population, end points examined, and the nature of procedures performed. The BASIL trial confirms the primacy of open surgical bypass with vein for most patients with SLI and raises questions about the sequelae of failed endovascular interventions. Further multicenter trials are needed to address the large gap in evidence for treatment selection in this patient population.