cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The antiemetic efficacy and safety of prophylactic metoclopramide for elective cesarean delivery during spinal anesthesia.

Background and Objectives. The efficacy and safety of intravenous metoclopramide administered prophylactically before elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia was studied. Methods. In a double-blind, randomized fashion, 42 ASA Physical Status I-II parturients at term were assigned to receive either 10-mg intravenous metoclopramide or an equal volume of normal saline before induction of spinal anesthesia. The occurrence of nausea and/or vomiting was recorded throughout the perioperative period until the patient was admitted to the recovery room. Neonatal acid-base status and neurobehavioral exams were obtained. Results. Patients in the group receiving metoclopramide had a significantly lower incidence of nausea and vomiting both before and after delivery than the control group (14% versus 81% overall). All neonatal acid-base values were within normal limits and there were no significant differences in neurobehavioral exam results between the two groups. Conclusions. Metoclopramide administered before induction of spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery appears to significantly reduce both pre- and postdelivery emetic symptoms without apparent adverse effects on mother or neonate.
From Site-specific to Site-responsive: Sound art performances as participatory milieu

This article concerns context-based live electronic music, specifically performances which occur in response to a particular location or space. I outline a set of practices which can be more accurately described as site-responsive, rather than site-specific. I develop a methodological framework for site-responsive live electronic music in three stages. First, I discuss the ambiguity of the term site-specific by drawing on its origins within the visual arts and providing examples of how it has been used within sound art. I then suggest that site-responsive performance might be a more helpful way of describing this type of activity. I argue that it affords an opportunity for music to mediate the social, drawing on Small’s idea of music as sets of third-order relationships, and Bourriaud’s relational aesthetics. Third, I suggest that with the current renewed trend for performances occurring outside of cultural institutions, it is important to be mindful of the identity of a particular site, and those who have a cultural connection to it. I make reference to a series of works within my own creative practice which have explored these ideas.
Current and future role of genetic screening in gynecologic malignancies.

The world of hereditary cancers has seen exponential growth in recent years. While hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and Lynch syndrome account for the majority of mutations encountered by gynecologists, newly identified deleterious genetic mutations continue to be unearthed with their associated risks of malignancies. However, these advances in genetic cancer predispositions then force practitioners and their patients to confront the uncertainties of these less commonly identified mutations and the fact that there is limited evidence to guide them in expected cancer risk and appropriate risk-reduction strategies. Given the speed of information, it is imperative to involve cancer genetics experts when counseling these patients. In addition, coordination of screening and care in conjunction with specialty high-risk clinics, if available, allows for patients to have centralized management for multiple cancer risks under the guidance of physicians with experience counseling these patients. The objective of this review is to present the current literature regarding genetic mutations associated with gynecologic malignancies as well to propose screening and risk-reduction options for these high-risk patients.
Parenting Skills and Early Childhood Development: Production Function Estimates from Longitudinal Data.

We provide evidence on the importance of specific inputs for child cognitive skills by estimating alternative specifications of the early childhood production function, between birth and kindergarten. We identify a new input measure, parent–child interaction, which is both important for development and amenable to policy intervention because parenting skills can be taught. We find that the application of reading books and singing songs and sensitive and engaging parent–child interactions as early as 9 months of age have an important effect on reading among kindergarten children.
High Conductivity and Electron-Transfer Validation in an n-Type Fluoride-Anion-Doped Polymer for Thermoelectrics in Air.

Air-stable and soluble tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) is demonstrated as an efficient n-type dopant for the conjugated polymer ClBDPPV. Electron transfer from F− anions to the π-electron-deficient ClBDPPV through anion–π electronic interactions is strongly corroborated by the combined results of electron spin resonance, UV–vis–NIR, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Doping of ClBDPPV with 25 mol% TBAF boosts electrical conductivity to up to 0.62 S cm−1, among the highest conductivities that have been reported for solution-processed n-type conjugated polymers, with a thermoelectric power factor of 0.63 µW m−1 K−2 in air. Importantly, the Seebeck coefficient agrees with recently published correlations to conductivity. Moreover, the F−-doped ClBDPPV shows significant air stability, maintaining the conductivity of over 0.1 S cm−1 in a thick film after exposure to air for one week, to the best of our knowledge the first report of an air-stable solution-processable n-doped conductive polymer with this level of conductivity. The result shows that using solution-processable small-anion salts such as TBAF as an n-dopant of organic conjugated polymers possessing lower LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), less than −4.2 eV) can open new opportunities toward high-performance air-stable solution-processable n-type thermoelectric (TE) conjugated polymers.
Estimation of Sobol's sensitivity indices under generalized linear models

We derive explicit formulas for Sobol's sensitivity indices (SSIs) under the generalized linear models (GLMs) with independent or multivariate normal inputs. We argue that the main-effect SSIs provide a powerful tool for variable selection under GLMs with identity links under polynomial regressions. We also show via examples that the SSI-based variable selection results are similar to the ones obtained by the random forest algorithm but without the computational burden of data permutation. Finally, applying our results to the problem of gene network discovery, we identify though the SSI analysis of a public microarray dataset several novel higher-order gene-gene interactions missed out by the more standard inference methods. The relevant functions for SSI analysis derived here under GLMs with identity, log, and logit links are implemented and made available in the R package SobolSensitivity.
Inelastic Cyclic Behavior of Tubular Braced Frames

The behavior of one-sixth scale tubular steel frame specimens employing x-bracing for resisting cyclic loads is studied experimentally. The imposed cyclic displacement applied in a quasi-static manner simulate the effects of intense ground motoins due to an earthquake. An offshore tower designed for wave and earthquake conditions appropriate for southern California served as the prototype for the test frames. The paper reports the hysteretic behavior of the frames and braces under simulated seismic conditions.
Use of neostigmine in the management of acute postoperative pain and labour pain: a review.

Neostigmine is a parasympathomimetic agent that has been recently investigated for use as an adjunct analgesic agent in the perioperative and peripartum period. A number of studies have investigated the intrathecal, epidural, caudal and intra-articular routes of administration of this agent, as well as the addition of neostigmine to local anaesthetics used for brachial plexus block and intravenous regional anaesthesia. While the intrathecal administration of neostigmine produced useful analgesic effects in the postoperative period in some studies, the high incidence of adverse events, mainly nausea and vomiting, limit the clinical usefulness of this route of administration. Several studies investigated the postoperative analgesic effects of epidural neostigmine using a number of different regimens. Overall, this route of administration appeared to improve postoperative analgesia in most studies without increasing the incidence of adverse events, and merits further research. Neuraxial administration of neostigmine appears to be safe in the obstetric population, with no reported adverse effects in the mother or fetus. While intrathecal administration is limited by a high incidence of nausea and vomiting in this patient population, the epidural route appears more promising and requires further investigation. The addition of neostigmine to caudal local anaesthetics was associated with improved postoperative analgesia in a number of studies. A dose of 2 μg/kg proved to be effective in several studies but was associated with an increased incidence of vomiting in some studies. Intra-articular administration of neostigmine 500μg produced a useful analgesic effect in the postoperative period in several studies and was not associated with an increase in the incidence of adverse effects. Studies investigating the efficacy of adding neostigmine to the local anaesthetics used for brachial plexus block and intravenous regional anaesthesia reported conflicting results. Further studies are required to determine the place of the administration of neostigmine by these routes.
PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) Connection in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia 2.

The hierarchical network of arteries, veins, and capillaries of our cardiovascular system is laid out during development, and further expanded and matured postnatally. Precise regulation of endothelial proliferation and behavior is needed during development and throughout life to maintain the proper architecture of the vasculature. In this issue, Alsina-Sanchis et al1 report that PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) connects BMP-9 (bone morphogenic protein 9) activation of ALK-1 (activin-receptor-like kinase 1) to PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) signaling in endothelial cells and implicate PI3K-stimulated endothelial proliferation in arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 2 (HHT-2). See accompanying article on page 1216 HHT is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that affects ≈1/5000 people. HHT-1 is caused by loss of function of one allele of a TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) coreceptor called endoglin, whereas HHT-2 is caused by loss of function of ALK-1, a TGF-β family type I receptor known phosphorylate SMADs (suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic) 1/5/8. In both HHT-1 and HHT-2, vascular overgrowth and malformations called telangiectasias occur focally throughout the body. The telangiectasias appear to arise from abnormal connections between enlarged postcapillary venules and arterioles, which results in fragile vessels prone to bleeding.2 Previous studies had revealed ALK-1 suppresses endothelial proliferation and that lack of Alk-1 in mice leads to vascular overgrowth and malformation,3,4 but precisely how ALK-1 controls vascular growth and morphogenesis was unknown. Alsina-Sanchis …
Southern Farmers and Their Stories: Memory and Meaning in Oral History

Melissa Walker, an associate professor of history at Converse College, author of All We Knew Was To Farm: Rural Women in the Upcountry South, 1919–1941 (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Pres...
Sodium Chloride Effects on Seed Germination, Growth, and Water Use of Lepidium alyssoides, L. draba, and L. latifolium: Traits of Resistance and Implications for Invasiveness on Saline Soils☆

Abstract In the semiarid southwestern United States, long-term drought, soil salinity, and land-use intensification have increased the risk of invasive plants that threatens landscape biodiversity. Soil-related factors that regulate plant invasions are not adequately known. We evaluated the salinity responses of three invasive plant species during a 3-mo plant growth period in a greenhouse and during a 2–wk seed germination study in the laboratory. The species included the indigenous Lepidium alyssoides A. Gray var. alyssoides (mesa pepperwort) and the exotic, invasive L. draba L. (whitetop) and L. latifolium L. (perennial pepperweed). A NaCl solution at –0.2 MPa reduced germination of L. alyssoides by ≈ 20% and had no effect on germination of L. draba and L. latifolium, merely delaying their mean germination time by a day or less. Reductions in seedling dry matter production and evapotranspiration (ET) were observed following irrigation with NaCl solutions at –0.1 MPa and –0.2 MPa. However, on the basis of ET and total plant dry matter production under common experimental conditions, the salt resistance of these species greatly exceeded that of salt sensitive bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and equaled or exceeded that of salt-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Below-ground propagating structures giving rise to clonal shoots were observed for all Lepidium spp., consistent with other reports. The results indicate that vegetative propagule pressure and relatively high resistance to salinity at germination and seedling growth stages could contribute to the invasiveness of these species under saline conditions. A broader impact of the findings is in their application to the larger diversity of invasive species to aid in the understanding of soil salinity and how it may govern plant invasions. This dataset could improve risk assessment measures to favor biodiversity in rangelands and natural ecosystems of semiarid regions.
Protecting American Soldiers: The Development, Testing, and Fielding of the Enhanced Combat Helmet (Ech):

Instructor’s manual: protecting American soldiers: the development, testing, and fielding of the enhanced combat helmet (ECH). Project Management Journal, 49(1), 1-29; available upon request
Contextualizing the Burden of Chronic Disease: Diabetes, Mortality and Disability in Older Mexicans

Objectives: This study’s purpose is to examine the prevalence of chronic conditions among older Mexicans with diabetes and to determine the incidence of newly diagnosed medical conditions at follow-up by diabetes status.
Intronic Sequences Influence Pre-mRNA Splicing of Acetylcholinesterase During Muscle Differentiation

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, exists in multiple molecular forms originating from alternative splicing of a single gene. To study the influence of introns on AChE pre-mRNA splicing, we transiently transfected differentiating C2-C12 mouse myoblast cells with mouse AChE genomic constructs containing or devoid of each of the introns, and analyzed the mRNA species and gene products. Transfection of the genomic DNA resulted in overexpression of AChE mRNA and molecular forms normally seen in differentiated myotubes. However, such transfection in human embryonic kidney cells resulted in random splicing, indicating a tissue or species specific splicing selection. No exogenous AChE expression was evident when the first invariant intron was deleted, indicating the importance of the intron in gene transcription or mRNA stabilization. Transfection of a DNA construct devoid of invariant introns II and III, upstream of the alternative splice region, resulted in expression of alternatively spliced AChE mRNAs and corresponding molecular forms normally not seen in myotubes. Thus, these two introns either contain essential elements or confer a pre-mRNA structure that dictates downstream splicing preferences. Retention of either one of these introns resulted in a splicing pattern close to that of the genomic DNA indicating that presence of either invariantly spliced intron is sufficient for preventing random pre-mRNA splicing. To distinguish the influence of upstream splicing from that of a structural change on pre-mRNA splice selection, we deleted most of intron III in the intron II deleted construct, but kept the splice junctions and the branch point intact.
35 Appropriate patient selection for CRT pacemaker implantation results in improved left ventricular function beyond nice recommended ICD criteria

Background: NICE guidelines recommend cardiac resynchronisation therapy in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (Ejection Fraction Methods 177 of the 202 consecutive patients who underwent CRTP implant and had pre and post implant echocardiograms between February 2012 and August 2017 were assessed. The duration of follow up was between 6 months to 5 years. Echocardiograms were done pre implant and at 4–8 months post implant. 25 patients who did not have an echo either died before the echo could be repeated (18 patients) or were waiting for the follow up echo appointment. Results 73% were male and the average age was 72 years.>80% were in NYHA class 3 with a significant proportion having had at least one admission in class 4 heart failure in the preceeding 12 months. 90 (50.8%) patients had ischaemic cardiomyopathy and 87 non-ischaemic. 32 patients were in permanent AF. The implant success rate in the whole cohort of 202 patients was >97%. The complication rate at 1 year follow up of the whole cohort was 4.5% (6 A lead displacement, 1 LV lead displacement, 1 infection requiring extraction and 1 small pneumothorax). There were 32 deaths during this follow up period but only 5 due to progressive cardiac failure and 1 sudden cardiac death. 16 deaths were due to definite non-cardiac causes but a definite cause was unclear in 10 patients. 1 patient had a resuscitated cardiac arrest and underwent an upgrade to a CRTD device in another centre. The average ejection fraction (EF) was 31% pre-implant. 92% had EF of 35% in the post implant echo. 22.5% (38 patients) had EF Conclusion This unique data from a single centre performing solely CRTP implantation demonstrates impressive implant success rates and low complication rates despite annual volumes considered below current British Heart Rhythm Society guidelines. More impressively 4 of every 5 implanted patients (78.5%) had objective improvement in their ejection fraction to greater than 35% which would then no longer necessitate ICD requirement as per NICE recommendations.
The COMESA Court of Justice

This chapter is the first attempt to provide a comprehensive discussion of the cases decided by the COMESA Court of Justice from its founding. The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Court of Justice has a major similarity with other African subregional ICs. Although it is established as a regional trade court, it has barely handled any trade cases. However, while the other subregional ICs like the East African Court of Justice (EACJ) and the Economic Community of West Africa (ECOWAS) Court of the Justice (ECCJ) have mostly decided human rights cases, the COMESA Court of Justice has primarily decided disputes between various COMESA institutions and their employees. This chapter compares and contrasts the reasons underlying the COMESA Court of Justice’s trajectory in becoming an administrative tribunal for COMESA employees, with how the EACJ and ECCJ became human rights courts. This chapter seeks to fill the lacunae in our current understanding of the COMESA Court of Justice, first by showing that like other subregional African courts, it has not decided trade cases with the exception of a recent and remarkable exception. Second, it shows that while other subregional courts have primarily decided human rights cases, the COMESA Court of Justice has mostly decided employment disputes. The chapter shows that the trajectory of the COMESA Court of Justice as an administrative tribunal for its employees is the result of its formalistic interpretive approach particularly with regard to exhaustion of domestic remedies; its location; the lack of non-governmental constituencies to supports its work and the fact that its establishment coincided with a high-point of repressive governance in the COMESA region that set it on a path very different from its counterparts in East and West Africa.
The political world within: how citizens process and experience political narratives

This paper considers how citizens process and experience political narratives. We start by providing a general overview of political narratives. Next, we discuss how citizens mentally represent nar...
CROSSED LASER AND MOLECULAR BEAMS STUDIES OF MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION

In 1973, Canadian [1] and Russian [2] groups reported the observation of visible luminescence from C02 laser-irradiated molecular gases (SiF4, NH3, C2F3Cl) at powers well below the breakdown threshold. The extremely fast rise-time and the pressure-dependence of one part of the luminescence suggested that the molecules might be absorbing tens of photons required for dissociation under collisionless conditions. The demonstration of isotopic selectivity in the multiphoton dissociation (MPD) of a variety of molecules [3] supports this conclusion. The alluring possibility that MPD might lead to mode-selective bond breaking in molecules has also been suggested [4].
Neuroethical considerations of high-density electrode arrays

The development of implantable electrode arrays that broadly and seamlessly integrate with brain tissue will require innovation that responsibly considers clinically relevant neuroethical concerns.
PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin predominantly in astrocytes

Loss-of-function mutations in PINK1 are causally linked to recessively inherited Parkinson’s disease (PD), with marked loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra that are required for normal movement. PINK1 is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial-targeted kinase that phosphorylates a conserved serine at amino acid 65 (pS65) in ubiquitin as well as Parkin, another gene with loss-of-function mutations linked to recessive parkinsonism. The steady-state levels of PINK1 protein are very low, even in cells that express PINK1, because PINK1 is normally targeted for degradation after mitochondrial import by a process that is dependent upon mitochondrial membrane potential. Dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential with ionophores, such as CCCP and valinomycin, causes the accumulation of PINK1 on the outer mitochondrial membrane, a marked increase of pS65-ubiquitin and the recruitment of Parkin, which targets dysfunctional mitochondria for degradation by autophagy. While the high penetrance of PINK1 mutations establish its critical function for maintaining neurons, the activity of PINK1 in primary neurons has been difficult to detect. Mounting evidence implicates non-neuronal cells, including astrocytes and microglia, in the pathogenesis of both idiopathic and inherited PD. Herein we used both western analysis and immunofluorescence of pS65-ubiquitin to directly compare the activity of PINK1 in primary neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells cultured from the brains of wild-type (WT) and PINK1 knockout (KO) rat pups. Our findings that PINK1-dependent ubiquitin phosphorylation is predominantly in astrocytes supports increased priority for research on the function of PINK1 in astrocytes and the contribution of astrocyte dysfunction to PD pathogenesis.
Silencing the self: Women and depression.

Part 1 Preparing to listen: visions of the self the psychology of women the obstacle of dependence depressed women as guides. Part 2 Loss of self: loss of voice the forms of connection. Part 3 Images of self in intimate relationship: the game oneness the wish to help the way to help the importance of pleasing the cultural context. Part 4 Moral themes in women's depression: the "good me" the inner dialogue of depression cultural imperatives in the inner dialogue the development of the over-eye measuring beliefs about intimacy. Part 5 Silencing the self: the activity required to be passive anger learning self-silencing silencing creativity the divided self. Part 6 The self in dialogue - movement out of depression. Appendices: the women in the longitudinal study the silencing the self scale.
Evaluation of profibrotic gene transcription in renal tissues from cats with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease

BACKGROUND Increased gene transcription of hypoxia-induced mediators of fibrosis in renal tissue has been identified in experimentally induced, ischemic chronic kidney disease (CKD). OBJECTIVE To characterize hypoxia-induced profibrotic pathways in naturally occurring CKD in cats. ANIMALS Twelve client-owned cats with CKD and 8 healthy control cats. METHODS In this prospective, cross-sectional study, bilateral renal tissue samples were assessed histologically for inflammation, tubular atrophy, and fibrosis, and by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR for characterization of transcript levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1A), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP2), -7 (MMP7), and -9 (MMP9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA). Linear mixed models were used to compare gene transcription between diseased and healthy kidneys, and to examine the association between transcript levels and serum creatinine concentration for all cats, and between transcript levels and histologic scores of diseased kidneys. RESULTS Kidneys from cats with CKD had significantly higher transcript levels of HIF1A, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, TIMP1, and TGFB1 (all P < .001), and lower levels of VEGFA (P = .006) than those from control cats. Transcript levels of MMP7 (P = .05) and TIMP1 (P = .005) were positively associated with serum creatinine in cats with CKD, but not in control cats. In diseased kidneys, transcript levels of MMP2 (P = .002), MMP7 (P = .02), and TIMP1 (P = .02) were positively, whereas those of VEGFA (P = .003) were negatively, associated with histologic score severity. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Evaluation of the expression of the corresponding proteins in larger populations could identify therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in cats.
Wildfire impacts on education and healthcare: Paradise, California, after the Camp Fire

The 2018 Camp Fire caused significant damages to the education and healthcare systems in the town of Paradise, CA. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative case study about disaster impacts and disparities, interdependencies, and recovery strategies of schools and hospitals in Paradise. Four major themes of findings emerged from the qualitative analysis of interviews with teachers, counselors, and administrators in Paradise education and healthcare systems and extensive archival research. First, complex and long-standing mental health challenges are the dominant impact on the educational system. Second, educational and healthcare impacts are shaped by social vulnerability. Third, educational and healthcare systems play a critical role for recovery of socially vulnerable groups due to the interconnectedness of community components. Fourth, adapting to new communication norms and technologies is effective for supporting educational and community recovery. Several specific recommendations are provided based on the findings for building back more resilient and equitable education and healthcare services.
Conclusion: Some Suggestions for Institutional Design and Reform

One significant implication of the fact that the challenge of climate change lies outside of the legitimate zone of sovereign discretion is that institutions tasked with responding to climate change are not constrained, at least as a moral matter, by sovereignty. Thus, at least when it comes to climate change, the international community has, at least as a moral matter, a freer hand in its institutional response. Since our approach to institutional design in response to the challenge of climate change is not fettered by sovereignty, we needed a standard of institutional legitimacy to guide the evaluation, reform and design of institutions.
Fewer, better pathways for all? Intersectional impacts of rural school consolidation in China’s minority regions

Primary school consolidation--the closure of small community schools or their mergers into larger, better-resourced schools--is emerging as a significant policy response to changing demographics in middle income countries with large rural populations. In China, large-scale consolidation took place in the early 21st century. Because officially-recognized minority populations disproportionately reside in rural and remote areas, minority students were among those at elevated risk of experiencing school consolidation. We analyze heterogeneous effects of consolidation on educational attainment and reported national language ability in China by exploiting variations in closure timing across villages and cohorts captured in a 2011 survey of provinces and autonomous regions with substantial minority populations. We consider heterogeneous treatment effects across groups defined at the intersections of minority status, gender, and community ethnic composition and socioeconomic status. Compared to villages with schools, villages whose schools had closed reported that the schools students now attended were better resourced, less likely to offer minority language of instruction, more likely to have Han teachers, farther away, and more likely to require boarding. Much more than Han youth, ethnic minority youth were negatively affected by closure, in terms of its impact on both educational attainment and written Mandarin facility. However, for both outcomes, significant penalties accruing to minority youth occurred only in the poorest villages. Penalties were generally heavier for girls, but in the most ethnically segregated minority villages, boys from minority families were highly vulnerable to closure effects on attainment and written Mandarin facility. Results show that intersections of minority status, gender, and community characteristics can delineate significant heterogeneities in policy impacts.
Help-seeking intentions in the U.S. population during the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining the role of COVID-19 financial hardship, suicide risk, and stigma.

The primary goal of this study was to increase understanding of help-seeking intentions in the U.S. population during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine influencing factors such as COVID-19 financial hardship, suicide risk, and stigma in order to contribute to effective theory-based help-seeking and suicide prevention campaigns. In a representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 5,010), this research tested whether COVID-19 financial hardship was associated with higher levels of depression and suicidal ideation (supported), and whether the reasoned action framework could usefully predict help-seeking intentions in this context (supported). The reasoned action framework explained 36% of the variance in help-seeking intentions in the U.S. population and identified injunctive norm (social support) as primary determinant of intention. Neither suicidal ideation, COVID-19 financial hardship, or self-stigma of seeking help influenced determinants of help-seeking. Future research should test injunctive norm as causal predictor of help-seeking in the U.S. population to usefully inform effective help-seeking campaigns, particularly among those who have experienced COVID-19 financial hardship. Additionally, effective dissemination strategies for help-seeking campaigns should be tested and identified, such as broader targeted approaches as well as intentional mis-targeting techniques.
Abstract ND01: Discovery of INCB86550: A potent, orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of PDL1 for the treatment of cancer

Blocking the PD-(L)1 immune checkpoint axis with therapeutic antibodies has proven to be an effective treatment modality for multiple cancer histologies. Orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction have been highly anticipated as a promising alternative or complementary therapeutic to the monoclonal antibodies. This presentation will detail our discovery evolution that led to the discovery of a first-in-class small molecule PDL1 inhibitor INCB89550 which is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. The presentation will also detail our characterization of novel small molecule antagonists of the PD-(L)1 axis that function by inducing dimerization and subsequent internalization of the PD-L1 protein, effectively depleting the ligand from the cell membrane and preventing PD-1 activation on T cells. Citation Format: Liangxing Wu. Discovery of INCB86550: A potent, orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of PDL1 for the treatment of cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr ND01.
Macular thickness fluctuation in neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor.

Abstract Objective To establish whether increased variability in macular thickness in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients affects visual outcomes in clinical practice Design Retrospective cohort study Participants Treatment-naive nAMD patients studied over 24 months Methods Central subfield thickness (CST) values from optical coherence tomography were collected quarterly from baseline to 24 months, and standard deviations (SDs) were calculated. The relationship was modeled with mixed-effects regression between CST SD and 24-month change in visual acuity (VA). Linear regression modeling determined predictors of CST SD. Results A total of 422 eyes with nAMD were studied. Baseline and 24-month CST values (mean ± SD) were 331.2 ± 97.6 and 253.4 ± 53.6 μm (Δ = –77.8 ± 104.7 μm, p Conclusions Higher macular thickness fluctuations are related to poorer visual outcomes at 24 months in patients with nAMD treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. Macular thickness variability may be an important prognostic factor of visual outcomes in nAMD eyes.
Functioning in rheumatoid arthritis: The role of depression and self-efficacy

Abstract Objective: There is increasing evidence and awareness that rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, such as joint pain and activity limitations, are strongly influenced by psychosocial variables. We hypothesized that depression is significantly associated with functional capabilities in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Method: We examined in a cross-sectional, retrospective data-based study the role of depression, pain severity, and self-efficacy in daily functioning in forty-five adult male veterans aged 55 and older who were patients with RA. Results: The overall RA disablement model of depression, pain severity, and self-efficacy accounted for 67% of predicted variance in disability. All independent variables were significantly associated with functional impairment in RA patients. Conclusions: Psychosocial factors, such as depression and self-efficacy, contribute greatly to disability in RA patients. Clinicians should carefully assess psychiatric and non-disease factors during medical evaluation in p...
Fast Local and Global Projection-Based Methods for Affine Motion Estimation

The demand for more effective compression, storage, and transmission of video data is ever increasing. To make the most effective use of bandwidth and memory, motion-compensated methods rely heavily on fast and accurate motion estimation from image sequences to compress not the full complement of frames, but rather a sequence of reference frames, along with “differences” between these frames which results from estimated frame-to-frame motion. Motivated by the need for fast and accurate motion estimation for compression, storage, and transmission of video as well as other applications of motion estimation, we present algorithms for estimating affine motion from video image sequences. Our methods utilize properties of the Radon transform to estimate image motion in a multiscale framework to achieve very accurate results. We develop statistical and computational models that motivate the use of such methods, and demonstrate that it is possible to improve the computational burden of motion estimation by more than an order of magnitude, while maintaining the degree of accuracy afforded by the more direct, and less efficient, 2-D methods.
Explosión de violencia en los Medios Globales (Global Media Mayhem)

La Humanidad ha tenido eras sedientas de sangre, pero ninguna tan llena de imagenes de violencia como la presente. Estamos sumergidos en una ola de representaciones violentas nunca antes vista por el mundo. Las imagenes de brutalidad coreografiada por expertos empapan nuestros hogares. No hay escape de la explosion de violencia producida masivamente que se extiende por el ecumene.La violencia es la punta del iceberg de la conexion masiva subyacente al rol de la television como una relatora de historias universal y de una industria dependiente de mercados globales.Los roles que los ninos atestiguan ya no son los otrora caseros, hechos a mano ni inspirados en la comunidad. Son productos de un sistema de manufactura y mercadeo complejo, integrado y globalizado. La violencia televisiva, definido como la accion fisica que lastima o mata (o amenaza con hacerlo) es una parte integral de dicho sistema.Las representaciones de violencia no necesariamente son indeseables. La sangre escurre en los cuentos de hadas asi como el gore en la mitologia o el asesinato en Shakespeare. No toda la violencia es semejante. En algunos contextos, la violencia puede ser una expresion cultural legitima e incluso necesaria. Ejercida individualmente, inspirada historicamente, las expresiones frugal y selectivamente utilizadas de violencia simbolica puede indicar los tragicos costos de las compulsiones mortales. De cualquier forma, ese sentido tragico de la violencia ha sido arrasada por “violencia feliz” producida en la linea de ensamblaje dramatica. Esta “violencia feliz” es cool , rapida, indolora y frecuentemente espectacular, incluso emocionante pero usualmente sanitizada. Conduce siempre a un final feliz; debe dejar a la audiencia en un temperamento receptivo ante el siguiente comercial.
Understanding the Adoption Behavior of Indian Consumers: The Key to Enhance the Diffusion of Personal Computers

The market for personal computers, particularly in the household segment, is burgeoning on account of the liberalization, privatization and globalization measures initiated by Government of India. Consequently competition to win over the PC market has intensified. This scenario has enhanced the need for understanding the adoption behavior of the personal computer which would enable marketers to arrive at strategies corresponding to the target markets socio, economic, political, cultural and competitive setting at the macro level and adopter-centered approach at the micro level. This study is based on the collection of primary data from 335 adopters of personal computers and 165 non-adopters. The study brings to light the adoption behavior of the PC, the influence of demographic variables, personality traits and attitude on adoption behavior, the reasons for non-adoption of PC and the difference in the adoption behavior among the different categories of adopters. Further the variables discriminating the adopters and non-adopters are brought into focus. The paper contributes to the knowledge base on adoption behavior that would serve as a backbone for formulation and implementation ofprofitable marketing strategy to augment the diffusion of PC.
Jessie H. Bancroft

(1960). Jessie H. Bancroft. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 50-50.
Ricci Flow and the Sphere Theorem

In 1982, R. Hamilton introduced a nonlinear evolution equation for Riemannian metrics with the aim of finding canonical metrics on manifolds. This evolution equation is known as the Ricci flow, and it has since been used widely and with great success, most notably in Perelman's solution of the Poincare conjecture. Furthermore, various convergence theorems have been established. This book provides a concise introduction to the subject as well as a comprehensive account of the convergence theory for the Ricci flow. The proofs rely mostly on maximum principle arguments. Special emphasis is placed on preserved curvature conditions, such as positive isotropic curvature. One of the major consequences of this theory is the Differentiable Sphere Theorem: a compact Riemannian manifold whose sectional curvatures all lie in the interval (1,4] is diffeomorphic to a spherical space form. This question has a long history, dating back to a seminal paper by H. E. Rauch in 1951, and it was resolved in 2007 by the author and Richard Schoen. This text originated from graduate courses given at ETH Zurich and Stanford University, and is directed at graduate students and researchers. The reader is assumed to be familiar with basic Riemannian geometry, but no previous knowledge of Ricci flow is required.
Weber Through the Back Door: Protestant Competition, Elite Power Dispersion and the Global Spread of Democracy

This article explores Protestantism’s inadvertent, historic role in dispersing elite power and spurring democracy. Economic and political elites typically hoard resources and perpetuate class distinction. Conversionary Protestants undermined this social reproduction because they wanted everyone to read the Bible in their own language, decide individually what to believe, and create religious organizations outside state control. Thus, they consistently initiated mass education, mass printing and civil society and spurred competitors to copy. Resultant power dispersion altered elite incentives and increased the probability of stable democratic transitions. I test my historical arguments statistically via the spread of Protestant and Catholic missionaries. Protestant missions account for about half the variation in non-European democracy and remove the influence of variables that dominate current research. These findings challenge scholars to reformulate theories about cultural vs. structure, and about the rise of democracy.
Fast processing of image motion patterns arising from 3-D translational motion

As we drive on the highway, walk down the street, or move around in the house, we make constant use of a complex perceptual mechanism: vision. In these situations, we rely on the visual system’s ability to process the perceived motion of the visual scene across the retina, termed optic flow, for our perception and estimates of self-motion. When self-motion is known, it is possible to identify obstacles and moving objects, determine time to collision, and the three-dimensional structure of the environment.
Multi-robot User Interface Modeling

This paper investigates the problem of user interface design and evaluation for autonomous teams of heterogeneous mobile robots. We explore an operator modeling approach to multi-robot user interface evaluation. Specifically the authors generated GOMS models, a type of user model, to investigate potential interface problems and to guide the interface development process. Results indicate that our interface design changes improve the usability of multi-robot mission generation substantially. We conclude that modeling techniques such as GOMS can play an important role in robotic interface development. Moreover, this research indicates that these techniques can be performed in an inexpensive and timely manner, potentially reducing the need for costly and demanding usability studies.
Risk of Reoperation for Hemorrhage in Patients After Craniotomy.

Objective To identify clinical factors predictive of patients returning to the operating room (OR) for hemorrhage after craniotomy. Methods A national surgical quality database (American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project) was reviewed for patients undergoing craniotomy based on Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code. CPT codes were also used to identify patients returning to the OR for hemorrhage. Results Of 5520 patients who underwent craniotomy in 2012, 81 (1.5%) had a reoperation for hematoma evacuation. Preoperative and intraoperative factors associated with reoperation for hemorrhage included preexisting hypertension, bleeding disorder, and primary craniotomy for hematoma evacuation. Postoperative factors included ventilator dependence >48 hours, unplanned reintubation, and blood transfusion during or after the index operation. A risk score based on these factors was predictive of reoperation for hemorrhage with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.767. Restricting the score to preoperative factors was still predictive of reoperation (area under the curve = 0.683). Conclusions Reoperation for evacuation of hematoma is influenced by several clinical factors. A risk score based on these factors is predictive of return to the OR and may be used to identify patients at risk.
Mining Electronic Medical Records to Explore the Linkage between Healthcare Resource Utilization and Disease Severity in Diabetic Patients

Knowledge discovery in electronic health records (EHRs) is a central aspect for improved clinical decision making, prognosis, and patient management. While EHRs show great promise towards better data integration, automated access, and clinical workflow improvement, the vast information they capture over time pose challenges not only for medical practitioners, but also for the information analysis by machines. The objective of this paper is to promote and emphasize the importance of exploratory analytics that are commensurate with human capabilities and constraints. Within this realm we present a novel temporal event matrix representation and learning framework that discovers complex latent event patterns, which are easily interpretable by humans. We demonstrate our framework on synthetic data and on EHRs together with an extensive validation involving over 70,000 computed latent factor models. The present study is the first to link temporal patterns of healthcare resource utilization (HRU) against a diabetic disease complications severity index to better understand the relationships between disease severity and care delivery.
The effect of adsorption of Na on Cu(1 1 0) surface states probed by second harmonic generation

A quantum mechanical model [S.M. Dounce, M. Yang, H.L. Dai, Physical Review B 67 (2003) 205410/1] previously developed for describing second harmonic generation resonantly enhanced by surface state transitions has been applied to model the second harmonic intensity from a Cu(1 1 0) surface measured as a function of Na submonolayer coverage [C. Schwab, G. Meister, A. Goldmann, E. Bertel, Surface Science 469 (2000) 93]. The enhancement of the second harmonic intensity (fundamental at 1064 nm) at the Na coverage of 0.6 monolayers is shown to originate from resonance with the transitions between the surface states at Y¯ on Cu(1 1 0). The analysis allows the determination of the Na adsorption-induced energy shifts of the occupied and unoccupied states respectively as dEa/dθNa = −0.545 ± 0.033 eV/ML and dEb/dθNa = −1.932 ± 0.035 eV/ML, and the Na adsorption-induced linewidth broadening as dΓ/dθNa = 0.328 ± 0.010 eV/ML.
A Cycloconverter - Synchronous Motor Drive for Traction Applications

An electric drive suitable for traction is described consisting of a cycloconverter and a synchronous motor. Essentially, the same system can be used with either single-phase or three-phase input with frequencies around 50-100 Hz. The motor speed range is not limited by the input frequency. The cycloconverter thyristors are commutated by the source voltage at low motor speed and by the motor electromotive force (EMF) at higher speed. The transition between the two regions is smooth and automatic. Only 16 low- switching speed thyristors are required for the single-phase input system. The short time overload capability of this drive at low speed is excellent, and full range regenerative, as well as dynamic braking, is readily accomplished. Compared to dc motors occupying the same space, three-phase ac motors, both synchronous and induction, offer higher output power, higher efficiency, and the elimination of brush and commutator maintenance. Compared to inverters, cycloconverters have higher efficiency and lower cost and weight.